Document 5LrQbgVge0347R8knbEwwwGeV

r>h- ffia' mud 0, arm "0#" ViUlSM. *twri Attorneys. , a Ibis Mtiof has been oallid to fffotMA iffoetid industries with an opportunity of .discussing,a oeanoft pwbie* tM. of considering ways and aini of wiving it. 1 have boon odotMd that it is ft flully meeting ia wbioh wo oay call spads by it* rightful warn with tho UMMBM that M Will SOI t fWtOd l t)Mi Jt**i V i I do aot for a ainuto prstend to to ii eipcirt os Ciliooola. 1 am far too war bon* to make any auflh preteaeieft.' Wommx, for the last tm year*, 1 have devoted ay oatlro tine to the various aopooto of the alliooala problem, Shis boo iaoludfti'tbo trial of Oft#*, tbo foraulatioa of legislation, euperviaioft of oenoetiwo engineering and the setting up of adequate aodioal soM* tft safeguard beta employees and employer*. Tbo eiperieneo X have gmUMMi la tbia work brought at * realisation of tbo enonHMS pmoitiea of industry* prob>leleoa ia to far aa ita dust bastard io oeaMwi. that *biob i a ratbieer disturb lag possibility tbrea years apt, hat not taseoiM a grin reality aad one that require* oonoomd tM will dirootod action. If X oaa leave that alaglo thought with yea. f 'will fool that ay fforta have been woll qpomt bm' bop* that ia doing X MU bavo rendered yen *m eerwieo. t. Goldberg of Ooluftbia, atatoo that jtto faportaaeo of iuet ' as * factor ia occupational mnalitf bo* attracted the attention of very authority on occupational diaeaaaa froa Mmaaini to Cir Thoaae Oliver, It require* ao extended consideration to prove that bunas health is nuoh influenced by tbo oharaotar of tbs air breathed aad that' ia purity ie a matter of vary ooaeliarabl* sanitary and eoonoaio Importance. Aside from tbs risk of sjmbouro to so-called alr-boroe dlesaass, tbs pollution of tbo ataoepMixo bp off&nie and inorganic dusts ie unquestionably tbs onus* of a vast amount of 111bsaltb aid preaature mortality, eblofly among mem and wean engaged in the may Indispensable trados and occupations that ministar to human needs, tbo sanitary dangers of air oostamiaatod by dlaeassbreeding gerae are possibly not wo Mnaelng am generally aamrned, while the destruotlre effecte of the duet-ladea atmosphere of faotories and work-shops art a decidedly eerioua mom* ie health and life.* | % . ; 6 ] j " | l Oleablltty resulting from tbs inhalation of any of these t various duets my rssult ia liability on the part of the employer, , the extent of wbiob is now being demonstrated by the opidemie of f sllloosle oaeoe. Tbs serious situation ia which industry f lads it- < self it a result of our lack of knowledge of-the extort and even of tbs existence of the hazard and the hum wbioh should have been employed to remove it. X oanaot feel that industry ebould be sailed upon to pay tbs bill. My feelings, however, are unimportant in view of the very definite notions to the contrary entertained by most juries. t + I. ' fba rapid spread of tbssa euu i Mffioitstly serious' to present a question of nation*! laportasoa. Xt is tbs pxpoM0? Chi* meeting to diaouas this prebiB inteUifsatly. find. t whore w jra mi wbera w are going froa bore, You 21 be addressed fey individual* ate art everts in tb* particular phase of tba ptobles whloh they will pretest. 1 will oonfine w mot to a caooral piotur* of tba ontlre situation. f thought being that tba technical papers can b followed acre easily if pom bar* a general background fir at. 2a treating technical <pt#tina( 2 thtU try to do m li honteohmoai language. X will sot attempt to give a eoientlfteally mound traatiaa oa tba subject, but as X nave already mid. sill con test /elf ia giving you a rough picture, Ybar* any be Mduatries represented baza ifcieh do act uea any fraa ailioa ia tboir ycoeaa* and mat of m xenarkr oill bo duaof#d to ailioooia tfeieb far aa m know ia caused solely bj tba imhalaften of fire# ailioa. Tbo priaelplaa involved, bomovex. aro squally applicable to all duata. Tba disability, if any, resulting Iron other dnste nayvary la in tensity and in ohnrafflter, but ffd--Mrtnlly, tbo PM ml bo tbo oaaio. fez tba make of eoavaaiaaot, X twill present tbo pxohlen in motions, first la ordar too iiieoei Xte tinuse aad Iffeet Oaooad, Tba Balia of Imdoyar Liability' third, TSm Legislative Aspect, 8 aad Xfcurtb, *S>nintetlM of tbo tuu% r-n Tbaza ara innumerable duata obioh flad tbair way into tba lung reeditlag ia varying degrees of ham. tb# general ter* paauMcnooonloala* la applicable to all duaty lance Irrespective of too obaraotar of tbo prticula* dust labeled oatf lo tbo Orach tan for duty lsi#* Tbo dolotariouo offset of tbo tahalJKtiea of Awt m* veil known to tba oneisats. may Cl.' IB), tbo foot, lueratius ( 3. 0. 08). farmoalau* (1534) AgxioeU (158ey,aaA auf ethers vara m inpxeseai by it that tbay tntionod it is tboir siting*. Agrioola atataa ttoat it wm not unooenon to find vooan la tba mining districts wtoo bad married aavan times and tbozs were no divoreoa ia tteeae days, fbo Oolerado miner# bars for put rafsrrsd to oartain dust producing air drlllo m %tdoo nakars. It was not, bov - ever, until vary raoantly, about 1913. that vortbvhlla rasaarob and clinical work were undertaken. Tba appalling offaeta of alnsral dust on tba vex bars is tba gold mining districts of tba tad. South, ifrloa, stlmulatad and lnitiatad a vorld-ldo study and raatarob in siliooais, eulminating ia tba Zotaraatloaal Oosfazaaos os lllieoaia; bold ia dbhajmaabitfg is 1930. * e fba fftMtal flsld of pnauaoBoooaioaio io dividad into numerous dollar flsld* dapanding os tba obnrMtor of tba duat finding Its vay into tba lungs. Thus. b&v# ostbraeosis, re sulting froa tba inhalation of bard eotl dust, aObaatoaia from asbestos dust, aldaroala froa Iron dust, and aasrous otbar olaasi- I fioatlona. Tba obiaf ooneara of industry is aaatarad around all loo 3i? resulting from tba inhalation of silica dust, beoaust it is tbls dust that cauass disability. Of tba various ease X have referred to, s are now advised that aaoastoalw ia uarbapa tba only one in addit ion to silicosis which is disablisg. It amr bo that is tbo future mt shall fiad other disabling test diM&aso, m am ooafta mx sstoatiom to eilisatis. piviMj mmswwt for o bettor uaterstaadiag of the problem,* it te* tm mil to consider Tory briefly sad Kwfcsehaieelly the prwii from w&iab this diweaM a*s. ^ Ite e*rw*k Mtiu* Uslve,,^ M l w , All sir contains * osrtaia quantity of silioa dust. it a tetter of foot, about sixty por oont of tbs earth's onot is oe*~ posod of allies. 1 baby as yoag as sloroa days old will kit soao eiautt silica deposit la its lUngs and tbs normal city dwollsr a ill during bis lifctlao acoumlats la bis lungs millions of partlolos of dust which. however, will not ia say war disable him, to It will b sees that tbs Mrs exposure to, lahnlatlea of sllloa test doss not MosssturUy result ia tbs eoatraotiom of tllloosls. Tbs buna lumg aad its various tefsaoivs erptesnt aro m ooastructsd that oaly wsry aiauts portisles of test eon gain traaos to tbs air sacs of tbs lung. *s ars only oooosxasd with part ids s suffioisstly snail la else to gala sueh entrance. la m oass oaa sueb partlelss be larger tbaa tsa sdoroas ia their longsst diwsasloa. Medical soieaee is rsasoanbly sell satisflsd that sort of tbs partlolos eansiag bars or# loss than threw niesoas la tboir longest diaoasloa, A moa is 1/99,060 of m iaob so it is quits possible that tbo banful test way bo iasisibis. f *. la odditioa to tbo else of tbs Los, tbs test to bo ' harmful oust be of a sufficient ooneoutraiiem. which is msasurod by tbs ouabsr of partlolos oontaiasd la a cubic foot of air. Author ities have stated that a concentration of five million particles of free silica less than tsa aioroas ia else Is not harmful, sad that nay greater ooaceatratioa constitutes a hasaxi. * T, * ' Sr. loislialer# has dsseribod tbs physios! presses so simply and dearly that 1 shall borrow bis Ideas ia presenting it to you. Whom these minute part idee of test enter tbs air sacs of tbs lung, they are aooa oavelopsd by pbagoeytee whose function it is to renews them from tbs sir sno sad carry tbea into tbs sewage system of tbs lung. These vsbioles trawsl along tbs highways aad byways of tbs lyapbatlo system attseptiag to reach tboir proper destination outside tbs lung proper. Inrouts there art lyqpte nodes or aggregations of lymphoid tissued or oslls ebich act os traffic oops, allowing aorae of tbs rsbiolss to continue to their destinations h but bolding up others. Tbs arrivals any be greater than tbs depart- urss resulting in a veritable traffic jam at those places. This will occur mors readily if tbs lytph nodes have by previous im- j feotions, sucb as early tuberculosis, bsoons filled, calcified, or fibrosed, fhsm those test oslls bsoome lodged in tbs lysph spaoss, nature engulfs them ia a fibrous tissue. As more sad aero test beoooss collected, tbs fibrous tissue increases la density and after sufficient test is inhaled, those fibrous tissues will lap- crease evea though ae additional test aay find its way into tbs lung, fibrous tissue oorresponds very nearly to sear tissue and as it be- ooass aero massive, tbs lung loses its elasticity and becomes rigid. Tbs rssultlJif condition is silicosis* ' -4 ' ' la the interest of eiuplieity. f will >fw to the twrft-' out phases of the disease itself. by referee* to tho wigiml iaarlcsn Medioo-legal elaesifloation of lot, toil tad tnft stages, the let stage occurs wboro the disease la ia ite infancy and If the oaployoe'ta reacted free the toward. it will tot progreed ad m disability la involved. the tod and 3rd stages an smh aon developed and my remit in a real Usability* If sitbaar of these stages has been reached. the reaoval of the nut from the tested will usually not oteok the progress of tho diseaupn, nwr Is It 'joot to say satisfactory teootMat* Melina II, Third stage oaeea are very frifUiUy fatal awl tbs individual diet in the tod step Hthout ever bovine roadbed the 3rd. Death, however, usually remits from seme other raqplioation. Because of tho fact that the lyapte or senate* nystanus of the luaff art largely blocked off and rendered imrl by their deposited eilion duet and soar tissue, the lungs are no longer able to oataa* infeet ion. The wet comoon lung infection if tUMpsulosis thdoh is contracted by aany eiliootloe and is the ianadtate flaws# of their death, although it say fairly be raid that wwmt it sat for the gre-esisting tiliooeio, tho tuberoulosie wiuM iMt have hew * taotod, ^ that m ell rntwidt tho !** eff the situation with which m ore faced, liliotols is a vary reel ailarat and at the we wot ties presents eur'gsaateist industrial hasard hioh, if not properly controlled, will reenlt in tho fMMAtial win of uni #*!# & K 1 r n r n f U>. OriRla.1 Hour he A c it the present tine, there are pending nuwa ia this oountry in vhioh doaagss asked for aggregate.tor in emote of ISO,ooa,000.00, In South Africa |S5,000,00,00 me paid to iliootio olaiaante ia one year and it is so* eetiwited that oms-fifth of the total oost of producing gold In thnt^aM.aMSiflte In the pafHuat.of eUiooeia elate#. The poesihilitioe of m epideaie of oilloooio olaiae ia very mil illustrated ia one of ow large industrial o eaters, the litigation ia that oity is alaost entirely ia the hands of tn ( lawyer*. During the year 1939, one of these lawyer* ie laid to k have roeeived ia fees iton these oasea, the mm of $100,000.00. p and me not required to try any great mdmt of them* 1* still < has padinff in his files sons five hundred aMitil lain* tideh tew not fit teen settled. * Mmmm of this flood of pwsaonooomloeie oases, employers | generally have <kne to regard this sort of litigation as a hrnmt9 c with this feeling, Z m very such ia aywpatby.* There eaa be no doubt that shyster lawyers nave solioited literally hundreds of est- ploy##* to bring notions of this kind, in-auf of itileh there is not the slightest traoe of injury. Them ---- lawyers, with tbs z aaeietanoe of their twin brothers ia iniquity, the quack footers, - have proeoouted mm of these oases to suooessful eoxtolustens i and haw foroed there to uneoueionable Mttleomiite. However, these faote and the use of this label aust not lead you to bellow that you are dealing with a situation in'which the fraudulent eases eon be defended m the grounds of blag a racket or la which there ami* m ` am f!4* mam with attendant liability, A__u_e_b__m___attit_ ude of Had is highly dangerous. There m hem tuo eases la whloh the plaintiff* are ropraiMted by lawyers of ability and integrity and la which there nay or may not too liability dapetdii: the pftioiilaf fMfn if **it mum. HaiLsLto&m MiMlltt la a general way it any too said that liability in tbeee eases nay arieo uodsr tbo doetriaoo of tbs ooniioa law, under tbo r statutes whioh have boon pasted in tbo varioua state* to prefect the health of oaploy*** or under tbo provision* ftf wortaaom'o eo- J ponoatioa and occupational Aiaeaae mm# In itw C o s g .* C fliw m3 t l * O rl.iiw l fbo eonaoa law consist# of tbooo principles and rule* of notion wbioh froa tin* to tins havsbaa odeptad and acted on by tbo court* boa adalnlstaring Justloo la aaaaa aot govamad by nay written law, CM of tbo principle# ootebliehad by fbo courts tbo ooaim la* 1* that wfaiob roquirae eeployers to furnish their oapleyoo* with a reasonably anfo p3ao la which to work* Owgiaally, tbio doctrine amlied only to tbo oafo-ftaardlnf of eneblnery and appliances froa which accidental injury night occur. St ba now been broadened, however, oo as to iaelndo anytbii^g whioh my bo iajuriouo to tbo onployooo' boaltb. Zt is tbo failure on tbo part of tbo employer to provide* a reasonably oaf# nlaoo to ferk blob fivoo rise, at ooaiw, law, to liability la iUcoals canoe, Vbethor tbo otsployar should bo bold liabla for injurioo to bi* *aployoo'o boaltb rooulting fron failuro to provide a rsaeon- ably aafo plaoo to work dopond* on rtsther tbo oaaployer bad to* lodge of tbo oziotoaoo of ouob danger, or tootbar, in tbo oserolte of reasonable oar*. ho should bavo has each knowledge. fbo dangers i of nany mwfaeturi&c proooaoe* to tbo boaltb of workota bavo boon 0. natter of wnm knowledge a* lose a* Industry baa boon in oxist ! one#. Tbo daagors of etbor mnufoefuriag preceeoeo, however, i bavo not boon wall knows for vory loaf, and tbit look of toowlodgo should w*l*b heavily in favor of tbo employor la dotoraialng whether bo boa provided reasonable pxeteetioa for bio oaployooo. Zt is a doftaao whioh m mb strongly urge. tat one vspm which m mnnot too trongly roly. (2 i Assuming that employer* abould bavo knows of tbo dangerous obaractor of oertain du*ta, tbo oust ion *tlll roaala* a* to whether i ra*onabl protect loa agalnot *uea danger* baa been provided. Tbl* 1* a questioa of foot ordinarily for tbo d*txainatloa of tbo Jury. I3s various protective dovioo* and aquipoant which bav* boon adopted by tbe Industrie* generally, or by a particular industry, fur&iah mm evidence %a to Mother a given plant or factory la a raaoon- * ably safe plaoo to work. This evidence la not ooaolueive, however, sines an entire industry my be bold to bavo been negligent. Knob ease oust stand or fall on its own facts, a plaoo whioh would bo regarded as reason ably safe when tbe haaard was unknown er little understood would m .ass* ft b# so considered after the hasaN Ml bmmm teowiii I# the as such t1h04abt hHsV svmhroWuAlfdlb hnaw tt mwotto I0t*1. In fir-TO eWt*hMer Wottr*awd.awp, ygrwerenn, *#, ^ssibiy tot sMMtf far y'mr part * <a mtsstm tt Uem days m patfoMiag, a Trt .M c*. ,r * , rwei.s ih.M * ,w r,,eu- Meii* ilahllltoJMii. gitatu l may ititM, statute* lava boss adopt*4 proscribing cer ftain device* and methods for the protection of anplayva* froa d** art arising fro* tba inhalation of duct, Itilurs to oonfors to . hs*e ititutii i nsgligsao* a* a osttar of las. aad if it b# shotn that the disability ooaplaiaed of was a dlrsot mult of such nsg- llgsaoe, plaintiff vary probably fill xirnvm judfisiM, The statutes of tha various state* differ greatly la de tail, and 1 shall not attsapt to sauosrats them. Osisrnlly speaking, they include am or oors of the following provisions acquiring: the metal la* Ion of dust ellnlnatiag soulposnt; the providing of pprored respirators: tha furnishing of forking clothing for *mployees; the exonmotion of eaployess aosdhly ay a physiolaa; the furnlshlag of drssslag rotes, lavatories. hot sad sold showers, and various other toilet facilities; II* klt*MhUag @g the inside of plants and farterloa, #M. Zt is perfectly apparsnt that aaay of those provisions wars not Intended to be aad should sot he applied to pleats pro ducing those dusts ebloh are ospeble oaly or producing sllioosis v. as opposed to those dust* which tf* is tastioslv** generally regarded as polsoaou*. It is against tbs latter dust that aaay of these w provlsloss ara deslgnsl to afford protection. Sotwithstanding this ' fact, in a wuber of rseeat sllioosis oases the Jury sere penult ted to consider any violation of these statutes in deteralalng whether or not the saployer had beta guilty of negllgsnM. This present* a highly hassxdous eltuatloa. It a jury finds that the employer has bsea guilty of aoas negligence, they probably will go further end find that the iajury ooaplauMd of is a dlreot rosult of suoh negligence: aad tbs finding will be sustained toy the .court if there is sow evidence in support of it. svsa though there to* strong evidenoe to tbs contrary* loch of you should detexnlne whet statutes and stats regu lations oay govern your operations so far as protection of eqploy*** fro* the daleterioue effecte of duet are concerned, end the greatest care should be exercised in conforming hereto, to avoid plaeing yourselves in the situation Z have jut described, ^ i LAahi.ii.tr_gader.jiomensdtion and OcwmatiMalJttssMg lots Vorkasn's compensation acts generally art designed to provide coopensatloa for employees obo have suffered accidental injury. In a very few states, boooue* of the terulnology used in the l acts, they have been construed broadly enough to include slllooele. In addition to wortaMn's oonpensstlon acts, sons states havs adopted discs** uti ehloh in prinolple arc very oloeely analogous to the coapensation acts, but vbioh provide for ooopeneatlon either for occupational dieeases generally or for occupational diseases epeolfl- eslly naasd is the acts, uob s* anthrax, lead poisoning and any others. I* ... of these etatutae indtofte tllieoAla a* aa ooogmtioaai, disease, At the prsaent time, f believe that In Oalifrfila;llnflanA. Connecticut, Bassasbusette, Barth Sakata, Vlsoonsln and tbs District of Columbia, silicosis it odH$imfels altbar under tha workmen's coepenastlon act or under tho occupational diaaaaa tot. In several states, bills art ao* pending to oaks ailleoala eca* pasenbls under or the other m thaws aota, '* MHInn U ai,nH ? ItffMafflUwtta Legislation of thia oharaetar ia the strongest bulwark you can orract against future disaster. It haa been raeowaded by tba League of Mat iona and haa beets adapted hr many of the great 1 adust rial eountriaa. In our country, Congress has Very limited powers la dealing vlth thla problem sad the individual atataa have Sean aoefully looking in ooping with tba aituatloa and Z oanaot urge too strongly that you give your aotiva mimort to properly dram bllia aaeung to auk* oUieoaia soqponaeaK, Is utegiamd mi may of her dominions Villon have had ea c tanelve expsrisnoe vith alliooola and kindred dleeaeae the die- 1 ahilltlea have hern ands aospenaable wader occupational dieease aota and the system generally hat bean very aueconaftal. Bader sudh sets the vloioua situation nltb wtoioh m ax* am faced, the filing of thousands of notions for damages by ecAmlanoa-ahasing lawyers would he largely, if not entirely eliminated. the shyster lasher will foneuf litigation only so long m he will rooalvo a substantial portion of the recovery. A* soon aa his fa become* m negligible juaatity, then, and then oa}y, will'hie intaraat eeaee. fttdir many of the butter drama ooqpenaatioa act*, lopl fees are striotly Halt*. The elimination of larp legal fees ia a raal benefit to the employee, Dndsr properly dram compensation act a. tba injured nan or his dependents era those who receive the benefits, not the lavyera ami Mpwrt witness#* u*ed in the proeeoutiom of the mm. This benefit ie alee chared by the employer, ' Litigation of this oheraeter le very eapenslve. In a recast oaea tried ia Vest Virginia for elllooaie, the trial lasted for eight weeks and resulted la a disagreement by the jury, thereby neceetltatli^ a repetition of the whole process. The expense of trial in one ease with which I aa soaeiibat familiar was in excess of 105,003.06 and the one# ms mu vfeete there ms no liability, Ondar ooapeaeation acts the eoapenaation ie payable ia 1 installments. In assy caaaa, If it la found that tho award was un- , warrant ad, the olalaaat nay ba re-enined and his compensation my be reduced or discontinued. Thia. of 'course, would not be possible if the ctet were tried to a Jury, < The value of this particular feature le rather well ! illustrated by an incident which occurred last cummer. 4 negro brought a claim against a silica ooopany allaging permanent total disability from silicosis. His case ni investigated by the em ployer's insurance carrier and it was their conclusion that settlement of 10,500.00 should be nods, lay such substantial aettloasBi must nave been based upon their conviction that the case u , w l* Iftr C W , * M1Jna * l CTis,r Arehies presented a real disability sad a real liability, fte olaiM adjustor vent to tbo rssldenos of tbo olaiaant and escorted bin dom to tjta office of tbs iamiraiioa oomimy to rooeiva ble ebook, On tbe kay dees tbs claisnat as to distroseed by Aortates of breath and general debility that be found it neeessvy to atop several tiaes m each blook for a rest. Be presented ahat appeared to be a son la tbs throes of a aortal ailaemt, Bs rsoelvsd lie cheok and eoae aseke afterward the olaiaaat partiolpoted in a baseball fan* in which hie bat tine record consisted of a be** run. tea triples, too doubles.and three stolen borne. Seedless te say. had this ana been receiving eartan' eoqpiaeatloa. Me anrd worn,4 have been promptly ddeoontinuod. Xn eons states the defendant in a larmit does not have tbo right to a physical exaalnatlon of tbs plaintiff, whereas under workmen's eompoaaation, acts this right would be fronted. Id oases of tbs kind with whioh wo are hers ooncemed, this is of tye great est importance is view of the foot that without the tie# of x-ray it is lapossibls to dstenlne a plaintiff's real conditions nor is the defendant sals in relaying on X-ray plates produced by the plain tiff. Tbs technique of taking an X-ray -photo**#* in silicosis oases met be followed with tie greatest eare or tbs photograph will not show the true condition, ft is possible for skillful X-ray operators to take X-ray photographs in such a way as to elanlate a sAliootio condition risersat la reality no snob condition actually exists. What is even acre Inportaat than the advantages upon ritloh X have briefly ecaaeBted, te tie eliainatioa of lay juries frost eases of this kind. Vs are not here dealing with tbs type of in jury which the jury oan visualise and understand, such ne a broken leg, but with e very ooaplex lung condition whies is not understood < even by the nodical profession generally. Xvea after tons experience oajr^oocpetent doctors are incapable of accurately diagnosing a ) Uuch of tbs svidonos in tbsse oases oonsists in tbo teeti- ^ oony of nadloal exports. Xn all eases you will find that n sharp ` conflict will exist between tbs plaintiff's experts and those of t tbs defendant, fhoir teetiaaay will not only be oonfliotlng but will be in such tors end couched in such language as to be wholly unia- ^ telligible to tbe jury and often to tbo court. That a jury oan , weigh such toetiaony and coo# to a correct eonolueion is noet *" Improbable, | Xa compensation oases tbs bearing is bad before ooraise- j lonors or a acaical board, who in tins will booeaft suffiolontly f fsailior with tbo subject to onebls then to arrive at a reasonably ; correct conclusion; wboroas, in jury oasos, each cose is trisd ; bofors a new jury, who bavs no information on tbe subject at all. * If care is takes in tbo drafting of a cooponeationlaw. tbe proper i naohlnory oan be sot up to nlaiaise the possibility or recovery in fraudulent cases. ,t will not be fool-proof, but it will be a step in tbe right direst ion and will untlnatoly prove its worth both to seployer and esgtloyee. ivttju liner miummii Ilw rWiiSnal H u s k 9* ill? r * * ? i? M-SS*r U a l w t i s ; *? 1t / The difficulties encountered is trying cm* of this kind to a Jury mere Tory well illustrated In a recent out wherein tho plaintifs vac ci^lujrri by the defendant cccunny, which m engaged la *hi oulverlisrg of Billon. He brought wit, alleging total andr permanent disability resulting fron silicosis. the record in this mat covers wt a thousand print*! pups. The defendant produeod os witnesses tho most outstanding experts in the ountry in tho field of dust. iaong thou ware Professor Brinks* of Harvard, Bp. Sugena F. Peodergroea, Bn, Frederick Betjer. Bn, Frederick Vlllaon, and ethers when* pinions a thio subject nave town generally *oofl4, Tho testimony oonolusivsly showed that tho defendant hod taken every possible pneoautiom for tho protootion of ite mrkmm against duet, that it had installed the latest ad meet approved type of dust-arresting aaoblaory, and hod furnished the workmen without charge, tho soot offielost rooplratoro available which they rr* compelled to war under pe.vwty of diooharpt Or. FoadrrgxaoC, otto of tho outstanding SoeatMaologiat# in the oountry and an authority on lung pathology rooulflag front tho inhalation of dust. described in detail to Iho jury tho cardinal points from whioh it night ho determined whether or not a poroon were oufforing from silloosia. ! presented an 1-ray photograph of tho plaintiff'o ling to tho jury and doooribod it ao a nornal healthy lung, pointing out in iho nioutoot detail why it could not he said to hi eiliootio, la eonsmrsd thio photograph with tho photograph of a lung whieh wna eiliootio and pointed out tho eharaoteriotio difforonooo hetwoos these two lungo. Mis to it loony wao eorrohotatod hy othar experts of unquootionod *tputation. In ny opinion no seasonable win, having any adequate infornatlon oonooming thie prohlon oould poosihly have found either that tho olainant had oillooolo or that tho dofindant had beta guilty of day negligence. lotwithstanding this foot, the jury brought in a verdlot against the defendant for H,0w.00 That euoh a verdict wa entirely unwarranted one borne out by the action of the Circuit Oourt of Appeal*, whioh set It aside and direotod that judgment bo entered in favor ox the deferdant, on tho theory that no negligence had. been shown, If tho defendant in thlec&M had been guilty of negligence and Ite mld defense brd eonolotod in proof that the plaintiff aid not have silicosis, it is probable that the Oourt of Appeals would not have reverend tho judgement of the lower oourt. mgllUkftJf MWl i Ff.hapj the aoot important eingls item la your elllooele problem it the tl la.* nation of the duet hazard, I suggest that each of you *.orolnt a Silicosis Committee who shall be charged, with the responsibility of deal lng with your problem. The C pornoami. of euoh a Committee should be ooajposed of responsible g / executives.' Their work will require tbo oxereleo of sound judge- !<'' went and will involve a very considerable amount of money. They should adopt a problem suitable to your individual needs and sss that it ia oarrisd out la detail. This program ehould include an I' . vI * ?: oosurato dotominAUeti iif ibi oxiwtaam iff dual hinaida dmoaltMlflif toy lb* taking of <hu*t court; | tbo iaotaliatioe of adupfti oquite * '' mot to rtmwo tbo kiu4 who*# poaiiMo. and tbo urn m-'kmgovoi. rooporatora wbofo foaowal of tbo tart it sol tfeo ttaanao off aodieai cuponrioioa of o^loy#* isoludiag May at ion tooffor# on>loiait tad poriodlotJdy thoroaftarj tbo fottoriag * ,, of prop*? logiolation; tbo Uraotlgatlos off laaa portiaoat to ytm * optratioa* and upon wtoiete a obarga off Mfflifaaoo night bo.Uood..4U off tbooo ooUwitloa.otoould too 0ifrM assy tbrtadwieo off *- m ttoat you uy too aura that-you %a oafls'lag with tho lawo off otato, and that tbo ffbofo off your oituatles m m u 0 tssmbl#& and rooordod is oyeh n Mjpwf-.ttoat Jbiri(lXi'tot'Off tip froatofft wslua is o#s* of a futwPM Uf d|* .*,!" ; - .sfaa^i.V.**.-itfc>SS^ .JktOOvM. ;i ":.Juot ft word ftaoaniac thsiiofahaft'ftf'itXioofit'mitoi'. Thtoo o*if in pooullaff .unto.taosMlvfir.tei od*fjofa .dafbaao m mot too 'MdrlfalOM your oouapi Mo-s' thoftougite-taawto% -Mil appro-, * oo>iat ion act onuly 'oefzf tibbo#-; luowi juit-off tho soiwtifftto r^lon itorolaiu*\cC' - A* rloovk off apuMsrhUni^iy^i.biu--iyjw *- 4-4tMtej*M'tilfforotlM^tiMI iffoik qpd tbo oiotory aad"I mffb^ebborwod' mi dafonSani Omul 'itO'm '* ftPRAjMS H*"a ".Jaiytho. jWw^*>aaTri,ff ! otruod a|L'4*ypatim>;4s anj#aso #ff.,%to loardff -Oao too ; toiaaod for ` not harirfg -loXMCmat oso 4tot 'nof bum .cxirtoA* for 0a. M I mm to Uply ^bfcf"t%jfo4i-.of-jw*fc'*64tliiiX4iidJ.Mitiwt.o# p--*1-'-- e look off-ipaib 'Sfatbostv* '**' ft 1 >>; fi&t* y i rnetvrjf*.- * V'w>- ' ahaatf doffonoo off rouff own tbo mmm to tbo lo opitetfoiJly,. otboro to bring malt I k^Mycftitb'tbo' _____\ ftbtfp/ftft- toollv^'ir tbiiii- oitBuiloa ., . _pory, *4 /hrebnotth. koopod ', r, ` twrdlot\ft*ftis-4' ioffo&>|; ojo^tfipp^rX. ' "" " * '-"i*JPr is mini that in aoot % too fifty p# ost -Of tbo. fc --^.._j0'oaffiolMt>aM&pM|'*T.^< t t ooUt(t^| tiiftii<^5&iftpft--*4Aims '-t* -.a.- . ',1 Umov tbaf i^tatioea4a'ttlo Mtvtlsf woxo toi/'iargfiy # tout to trado ooooolmtiam ok tproupo of inteotrioo wboroin % duot ;'j tm*xd do off say oziot* l-harp no proaont my'off taowls* ^ wbiob or bow nosy off tbo Istitod imtustrioo art roprooostod htxw I today or tbo oxters or 'du*fs# off latoroat wto.'.di tbooo iaduotrioo ^ my bat# in tbito 5?otoii, tout tbo largo att.nauso indioatoo a oonoidorocla islxot. wbiob ia vo^tisoiy ^Sor- oxiatfaf ditiooa. . .... . . * . - . . Aru along line* Off prt/ontiag, ox at laaot biMaiiiJg tba ia tariouo iaduttnao, tout again, tbara ia now no oontral eltarlag' bouoo -- no pluoo aborotbaa# things too ottiatolod,' otudlod ' and porbapo cad* latov into dofflaito and roouid atandordo. s *' f "1,l1 LogUitUl .Ilo_ a I__t__b_t_l_f_lf _ jHBtt'gffittpi.lft fta_rioe.* xooftiltloa vlftb lailfftroaft tuewta urt Mfb<w of ymrojuat Jymoftar, and ftbt aetft Mwttaxf fMaf tbould art fe# Itfft UkTfoptr, 'm Vo* frwrt1, IN* Mi'K oawflittr M, tettiffc|r I Induatry at a iolt bat liftftlt, if aar oesw^ioft f ftfe# a start natlonalir* of ftbia 4aa&f mult *o*lcft( art m teoviodjp at ft o abort 'it will aart tftrikt -- tad ?fff iaateMAftt dtfaaaa agaiaaft It* ttoara it bo oaurflm abort tU lafoMaftioa imp- tbit vtf gttm tteort cm M'mM availaMt to i.||.j,adw*ia# j*t t ftp 3nt ' gottmatift oaf |fe fMfia* Xndutiry nil .t?(Biw la itt ova *#fa0;%a$ ooopsaftt togatbar, both laaaftcuoralflc iaraatad *>pita& Aai-ii woftaetiag tba lira* m& baalfti -m%hom rtflojrodf' All It loli,,hp>alftarla tad m# AutiatM* ,.**' , - >w SMWtgV ,.*. In oioaing^iaft m wrga aamla ftbat % ipr-|M4 m ft 1 allrtnata ftbt Istaraaftof .ftbt taMUaoo-oliaaia ""TjtO^bO* bt!g bum will soft ba sold .swift .for dust diswaaftp1 ;gr is bb5f of oUiaanta tbo kvra.-p dlaaaaa. And, of------ to ftbt wtifar of ottr paojAa,- iatortry sb< bouac in ordtr to ftbaft. ftbo boMM.if -dart Mmm$ . '$ atarij M l* lUNOi? pOPibJtili' J '; * ZB?*.. - . **: aw. * ` ? ", . !jf:-*f" . : i * * ' v> ur <* t: 'if .it?-* ' *y .' i Pi'. >> .<* V ' % JP-s-M'". ii "I*" ! i 2 I T to * Si