Document 5LoGyRvN1p0274weLpEGbKzaR

LIA15647 * t* fmcnou. wmee or oamcmio ppps u c t t o w ia ib Bead at the Sysyoalxst oe the Practical Aspect* of Industrial Toxicology eponsarad by the Gulf Coast Section of the American Xadcntriel Hygiene Association la Houston, Texas, April 13, 1962, by Do b 0. Towlsr, Director of Health Bad Safety, lead Industries Association, Inc., 29a Madison Avenue, Be* Tort 17, Mv Tort. Tor m for back m u s my go la recorded history Metals bra ban Mentioned m useful. Tor almost tha Mac length of tlae aetals and their ca^ounds bra baaa mentioned as toads. Because v haw tush s long hlst7 of astal usage and toxicity Z suppose the ^rvtle aura which tends to Influence our thinking Is Inevitable. Zn our east*1* elvlllxstlan, for lmtaace, ua hra records of a period of osar throe teadrsd pears Share tbs aala and almost th* sola ooeoara of science eas as lavustlgstlaa Into txumauute&icn of aetals bp suns of th* thUaeagfeer'a stcas. Also, Z think, fren this starn past Is a sort of gratis eppeebeneloe regsrdlng toodclty, and polsccixg*. Proa this Isgacp, I suppose, eoaes tha vague and a"Metises unreasoning fear of 'poisoning'. Just sop, for Instance, arsenic "poisoning", or lead poisoning' and pou hare an andlence imedlst# la Its apprehension. 1st ua this afternoon consider Share wa uap help dispel this apstle glocn sons shat fron aetal toodcltp and Inquire into a rational approach to prevention and ocntrol of excessive aetal absorption on the industrial aoeas. ter Min concern la this discus sion trill be control and slant the passdeas papers have Mde ua all exports on toadool0gy, ell uu need la to organise oat toadc expertise into a uortshla system. Z think It sue Sr. Bobart Kabos tho pointed out, speaklag to a group of plank asaagars and pleat engineers, that control of Intoxication fron Metals oaa be eonc mpllshed bp Maras of readily owlishIs industrial and aanegenest techniques. Bathing Motarlo or aaglp 1# nsoaseary for control at Metallic poisonlags la Industry. ifey Is It that a plant wnageiwnt that Is quit* capable at handling It* parsooBal and labor relations problem, of henflUrg the nany supply, coordination and production problem Involved la Miring the product ulU often literally threw op Its heads and be afraid to tackle the problem involved la protecting personnel fron potentially toads Materials* there Is nothing special about such prchlsm ones the facts are available aad once we haw tha conviction to act la eoccedaac* with tha facts. Z an minded of th* only tins Z found It neoesaary to close a plant due to m gdmithy condition. At th* tlm Z ms working with th* State Bealth Dspartnedt la Michigan and tha owner Manager of a null powdered aetal plant called, sounding quite desperate on the thane, and asking m to drop everything and get over to his plant right away as he had a terrible problm with people is the hospital and be didn't tear vbst to do about It. Of course Z hurried, thinking on the wey of euoh things as ortiiq poisoning, iron oaibcnyl sad other poetlb Hitlee. The distraught pleat Manager ms eweltlng ay arrival at the gate, aad teen we entered the plant Z found only a few soared auplogrees half-heartedly attempting to operate their equlpmst. I was told that several aaplcyees were already la th* hospital la ooQrgen teste and nor* were la artulaaoes en root* to th* hospital. After a quick look around X Made tha obvious suggestion that we ought to clear the plant of personnel--* suggestion received by the earner with profuse aad grateful thanks--end then m were able to aake an investigation la a better aestal atmosphere aad to flad that carbon uoncod.de was tha offending agent--oarboa Monoxide leaking fra* a reducing atMoaphere heat-treat furnace. <> w pw . ; LIA15648 . lri^wfcirn.. 'rfi- ^' niH.ini iiiti ink.'uni i.fa'i # 1 --,-- page!. Isn't thla aa of the difficulty that an otherwise rational Maagsr Q tfinmitan ibsa faced with a situation lsvolvl^ polacniagt Of course, this 1a aa sxtrena ample bat Z billrrt It Illustrates tba effect at aanegnsmt attitude which la ao laportant la Instituting and asking control! effective, ebsterer mana at control era selected. First we mat decide to al Intacta tba tesde affact at a Material and then aa aay proceed to taka ttia necessary ataja to Ao ao. Tbla my Md Ilka Dele Oaraagin opening a eooraa for aalaaaaa. Bat lot m Illustrate agsln. Z reoently visited a aaall foundry tbnt produces a variety of braaa md otbar alley oastlags ebloh centals laad. Tba pleoe baa baan la bualaaaa a lc^ tlaa and la aenaged by aa old-tlaer in tba boalnaaa; a aao, wbo two yaara ago, bare that yoc would alwaya haw* laad polscalag rdtsa you pour laad alloya la production. Today this caa km dlffaraatly. Ba Aacldad to allalaata tba toedo affact, and ba baa Ac m ao. Tbla fouodiy now baa aa excellent restHatloo ayatac vbich renures air-borne duata aaA fme at all plaoaa tbin tbay ara llkaly to ba generated. All mlting furnaces era swinead aad exhaust ventilated. Plant housekeeping la excellent aad adequate nediasl s>gsrrlaiOB of employees la provided. Of eouraa tba excellent rarulta bo w being obtained at tbla foundry ara cot dua antlraly to tba change la attitude oo tba part of tba pleat aesagrr, aurely tba adkauat ventilation balpad aoca; but without tba change la attitude tba ventilation eyrtaa would not bare baan aa well-declined aad It algfat bar* baac naad poorly by eaplcyees rbo did not vnderrtaad lta purpoaa. (barely plant boueakaeplag (ao nacaaaary la a foundry) would not bare been aa good, aad X aa aura that aaplcyae attitude would net hare equalled the ooeparatlag helpful attitude ao apparent. % V* abould al*o sention the cccreraa at thla situation, where aa monrlnoad < aaaagaaent reluctantly aad wider pressure (often by a go unmet agency) tayw a laiitllatlng ayvtca, atarta a aedical areal nation ayrtaa, and atlll auffara aegdxyee disability. It bappana tbla way} X bare aaan It nany tinea. 51 tba laportaaoa at nental attitude la thla bualaaaa oust ba atreaaad again and again. Zb tbla connection X wlab to leere a concept with you, sfalch X aa aura you will find useful aa long aa you bare anything to do with pretention at poisoning. ] "lbera ara ao bamlaaa nhrtsoeee. Tbere ara only bemleea eaya of ualag substances.* Taken free tha 1962 Report to tba Surgeon General of tba Gtaltad States Mile Baaltb Sarvloa by bis Ccmlttee on tortronmntel Health Problem. A mall child dills playing with a can of ordinary baby powder released tba container lid aad inhaled aa excessive aaount. Zbe baby died la tha hospital temtyfour hours later, poisoned by talcus poader. Two petienta ware hoapltallsad with eynptaaa of polscalag at mbwwi etiology. Tba attending physician diagnosed their eyaytoae aa being caused by lagsatlon of too mob eater. Tba aedical report ocncladeai pi arming by drlaklag eater. Tbaaa Incidents, both recorded la the gee fogland Journal of Wsdlclaa, illustrate for us, X bailers, that "Ibara ara no harmless eubatanossT" Bow before ee discuss specific control arthods there are a fee aspects of natal toxicity that should ba senticoed, (totals aa a olass differ frm alaoat all other sxbstaaoee of potential toxicity. i MtMMWUiifidKd Alaoet *11 aetala art presaet atsd detectible la 8 body i* all Metals are essential alaaaota la anlaal autrltloe sad beallb. aelaaoa addt additional natal* to tba Hat of aaaaatlal ala--nti It follow that Ha aaed and wat bava quantitative lafanwtlcn before a* aaa cbarosterise a aatal aa toads. CU^la analysis shoving tba praaaooa of a aatal la tba buaen body la a naanlnglsen bit of lafcaaatlcn. Tba men prasem of a aatal la tba acrirooBkot la a aaanlnglan bit of laforaatlra. To illustrate Z hare listed for yen a ebarasterlstiss ablcb aajr ba of aaa la eontralllng axpoeun to aatala la Industrial PEAimtM (Currant Value for 8 hr. dally aapoeure la alVHgr-- par otblo If) (bacuct la laaadlataly baaaxdnua to Ufa) Astlnony ....... 0.5 ........... 0.1 . * Arsenic............................0.5 ...... O.l-O.J Parlaa (Bolifcla 8 ecapcuods) .... 0.5....... 0.8-0.9 BeiylUua........................ 0.006...................................... P068OZLZTT CF ca ABaoKman tBwmrni mu 1 Certain (oxide) .... 0.1 .................................... Chrcadtaa ....... 0.1 ....... 6.0-8.0 ..... Cobalt............................ 0.5............................................................... Cogger...............................................................20.0 ooppar aalta Iron (Oxide)................ 15.O.............................................................. ........ OJf................ ... 10.0-$0.0 aoltfela . ........ .....bpMla (cadde) . . 15.0................ Mercury 0.1 1.0 aercurtc aalta . (Organic eo^otada) 0.01 .......... tlekal ................................................................................... Selenite ....... 0.1 Ptractlia ....... So toads effects reported. TelluriiM ....... 0.1.................... ... Tla ................................................... ... ........................... Tungsten ..................... Vasadlua (Oodde) ................. (Dust) ... 0*5 ........... (ham) .... 0.1........................................ tlao (Oodde)................ 15.0.......................................... jrta. * Aa you aay sea, tba ahest la act eoaqOete la any reaped d o t la It Intended to be, bu Z belle-re it Illustrates for you tba vide spread of values that exist la our jrnwd day knowledge about taxis effects. Tou vlll acts gaps or blank spaces la several coliena. Tbla does not ladloete a lack of baaard or that there an as oases cf OBPPP fwapogP-iLi 1 uiguj 1--1 miyaaj WPWIPPpWt.il J millllBl-M UI^P!^W^WippPPi>PWWpWP^>WiPW|pWPi LIA 1565 0 mUt pdeonlxga co reoovd, but rarely that values reported by toxloologlsta sad others differ to ouch an extent that they would not help In ocr control effort#. gone of 1 these values can ba construed In any raanar aa giving a relative toxicity ratify, aa fir. Eayth baa mentioned tojou previously today. Ubder eliminuu, tar exa^la, there la no value tar Ufcalstlcn at elr-borne dust and ywt there ara several reports at fatalities following breathing at eufflelant quantities of gnat. BaMfear low la* ua gat into our Alaouaalon of aantrol at natal poieonlap by a Mt at back-door route. Z want to outline for you tha reqilrrainta for a oaaa (or oaaaa) of Inftuatrlal natal portaonlng. tbless all of tbaaa requirements that Z an going to Hat ara net aa will not ba able to produce aueb poisonings. Oooa wa folly oadaratani tba nature of tbaaa requirements, ecntxol of tba attention la aaaily poaatbla tbrw^i readily seellabla natboda. first, tbara aoat ba as closure, or exposure*, to enough of tba natal. Bila la alnoat too ctovloua to Motion but aonrtlMa aa forgrt that araanlc, rrabrlim and ao forth ara naad without 111 affaeta every day In thmteanrta of applloctlcoa and Is thenpanda of Induatrlal planta. tba aut ngolnant for portioning La that tbara mt ba exposure to tba rl#lt kind, tba right fora of tba natal. Va could multiply erasqOas bara ad lnflaltm. Bariim In edible fora ean ba quite baxardous but tba inedible barlua aulfata la In dally naa In boapltala aa a contrast radiim far x-ray atudlaa of tba Intestinal tract. A skid box of eedalun-pla&ed bolts In tba factory aisle la baxardous to no cm, but 1st that load of bolts ba placed In a poorly-TautHated heat-tract furnace (aa baa happened) and tbara la a serious potential baiard fron fusee of eetelua odds. Iron la nasally a fairly safe natal but Iron la tba farm at Iron oaxbonyl la definitely not. Another necessary requirement for Industrial poisoning b that protection for tba nsn nust ba Inadequate. Zf be la protected by rasas at a vell-dealgaed ventlleilm ayetan, for Instance, ba can work without 111 affects area ihll* surrounded by danger ous concentrations at ratals. Or ba ray ba protected with personal, respiratory dsrinse for such exposures as satelliting, for cxraple. Or ba ray naad to ba Isolated In his own booth or roan as la an air-conditioned crane cab la a focndxy. tba last retirement for industrial pndernwg in that tba Individual nust ba la a physiological state of readiness to suffer a toads effect. Bow this la bard to explala but easier to Illustrate, so I ra goli* to give you sons examples. fieridantally Z don't Ilka this last requlrsuentj Z didn't Invest It, and Z would Just aa soon leave it out, but It happens ao wa mist taka note of Its existence. fit another powdered ratal plsst which produces a variety of arall parts, one of tba ratals used la copper of bl^i purity and finely powdered state. Every aprii* at tba first onset of rare waather between J3% to 50$ at tba eoplnyees who work with tba copper report to tba Nedloal Department with a dermatitis or akin Irritation of the forearm and upper aim. this condition requires no specific treetract and gsatrally disappears In about two weeks. It doesn't recur until tba next spring. Bow bara is a situation there there la no changa la our other listed requirement* (aooust, kind and protection) but there la a changa In aa^lcywe readiness. Va could think of aany other axasplss--tba condition known as ratal ftaa fever which follow* exposure to tbc i 0 oxide fees ef swart! ratals, notably lino, and t&iob appears to evince as alnoat allerglo type at response but which doesn't usually recur In tba sera individual. A very good evmgils bare, Z think, la c mention of Industrial ecnoexa that ara illigsd wwiwraww* egarau.i IgBUSgMgW1 ' -- to oocwr following gpewri to imitl wttli and their co^iauada. X Ilka tha diecuaefy loo of the Mmn. Ooldblatt m quoted by Dr. Browning la the book "Toxicity of ^0 Industrial Metals." Hw arwenloal oo^ound which produces no tmoar la n vuxtnaa 1 w* a oeretan* to for hla ostll tx, la a elm tissue, bring* about a nesting between a oall la the appropriate state and tha eccpound la a sufficient ccoeantretioo....sod....fren the mj frv oui of oooiqnfclcnal araaaical canoer hitherto rrportad it any ha considered that a oa^lnetlcn of an appropriate atata and sufficient oonoantratlon la ran.* let's recapitulate a ntnaat to aaa ahera we have arrived. We haws wHlwd four regij renenta neoeeeary to paroduoe a toode altuatlcn la laduatay. First exposure to annuli gnntlty. Second exposure to tha right bind--aithar quality or fora. third load*quota protection. fourth a raady subject. Xf we aonaldar each of tbaaa raqulrsaaeU aa a link In a chain of tonicity, and If we aaparata or daatrey any of tba links, aa U1 not baaa a collate chain--ernesg neatly no toxic exposure. lor It raaalna to dlseuss hor we procul to daatrogr ona or nora llnka In tha chain, and eliminate tha toode atfacta from natal uaa and expoeure In any given eltuactlom. You nil waaliir Dr. Xahoa'a atat arc at that esoteric kaovladga la not n requisite, that etrelgbt-forwd anglnaarlng ecntrola art adequate. You nil ranariber alac that aanaganeot runt ha Toorioced, suet ba aold. If you nil, of tha naoaaalty for notion. Yhla lattar point la ao i^ortant that X would Ilka to Illustrate It for you nth aa eaaaple takas fraa ay experience la tha autcnoblla lnduetry. fmcty-flve yaara ago thara aaa a veritable epldenlc of polaonlnga rwaultlag fren tha uaa of land eoldar on oar bodies to enooth out aaaaa and laperfactions. Dp until about 1935 la tba Industry anall anounta of land aoldar vara ueed and aoaaaaoly hand-finished by naans of flics and sandpaper. Bc*rver, aroend 1935 eotcncbila stylera began daslgslng tha anocth contour* and rouadad body aurfaeaa vhleh aw nor expect aa a Better cf courwa. At that tins a significant lncraaaa in tha uaa of land body aoldar aaa naeaeaary to fill In tba gape and help produce the eentoured effect. The hand-fills* ayaten of finishing enoowtered difficulty In keeping eg nth production raqilraacota, and Friglnearing decided to uaa naehaalcal nrthoda such aa powered dlao grlndara and tenders to anooth out tha colder. Within about three nontha of this decision several thouaaad body-ahop vortera vara hospitalised nth undoubted lead polaoclng due to tha lnhalnticn cf huge arowste of lead dust. Bare aaa n situation vhlch net all of cur zwqulrwaesta for polaonlnga, but hatarda aarw allnlnatad by application cf ordinary prelection and anflnearing teohnlquaa. 0 First, cf ecurve, nanapnaot had to ba eonvlnoad that It bed a problem. That ms aaay. Bart management had to ba oonvlaBad that a solution to the problem was practical. And this ana dona. a. -A---- -- * '* LIA1565 2 rrai, V^w .1 ii *n pegs 6. the solution to this problan Involved the breaking of the chain of toada tequlrsuiL'its by several straight -fornrd techniques kid Z want to Mention tin* for you sod outline tt> Meaner 1a *fcleh the asm situation 1* hecdled today la tba Industry. Aa fkr ka production la concerned, tba seat type of land adder la uaed, tba aaounta that are used ara ccnperehle aad tba and remit aa far aa production la eooaarnad la tba aaaa. However, all exposure* ara acnitored end proper protection la provided to reduce tbeee axpoaurea In aaouot to that ifclch will act raault Is a toxic affact. feetilation ayatcaa are provided to adrauat excessive anoint* of duet away fro* aaployeea. Where necessary, airlisa raeplratora are provided. All arpoaad aaplcyeas are routinely checked by aaaaurcaesta of tba body burden of lead. Is this Mannar tba toxic level la sot reached aod with aa axposura potaatlal Just aa erect aa that that existed twenty-five yaara ago, there are no toxic effaeta la the autroefelle lnduatry today fron tba aa# of body eoider. XB nw; than, Z balirra that for practical control of toada effaeta ImrolvaA la natal uee la lsduatry today ee abould eoctlnitally keep la Had that precise know* ledge gleaned fren facta available to us la a prlae aaoaaalty. The at at sweat that a certain Material la toxic, however such naanlng tbla nay have for a toadoologlet, la Meaningless to those of us who need to use tba knowledge la a control situation. Wa have to know bow anob, ibat kind, bow It la used aad ibat tba axpoaura potential la. Tbla knowledge la available. Alaoct all state health tepertaestf aad aeqr city aad county health departments are ataffed with specialists la tba field, or roy obtain the needed InfCroatloo fron agenda such as tba federal Ftblle Health Service, lbere are aaay prleata agencies such aa universities, trade associations aad larga Manufacturers ibo have a ready store at infatuation to balp la answering your questloro aad la tba solution of your problaos. There are also consultants available ebo can soever specific questions aad provide necessary design lafcraetlcn and testing facilities ibare required. Bather tbaa sttaapting a dwtallad listing at all Metals aad all types of arglnaaring control Methods In the brief tiae at disposal, Z have outlined a rationale for action predicated on the aemnptlan that a positive approach ooupled to tbs conviction that tba necessary lnforoatlcn la available In usable fero la tba Moat l^ortast factor la controlling Industrial sr^oaure to Metals.