Document 5LbOjq8jp2gYNE8Y0q1Zo4k5J

'r^-^ssMsaa^^f :2v ~~ 1 ISJ^NUAL REPORT UJF irm ' ---c - *- - CHIEFKifc . , f INSPECTOR; OF-; ;* - *[.' V- .? --j,"- >:***:>*}*. J2g! ' FACTORIES * -..-' FOR THE YEAR . .. .' *' > 1954 (LsiA \--Pr ?0ft *S I&z v"- hesented by the Minister of Labour and National Service to Parliament . by Command of Her Majesty. - ` November, 1955 - 1 DBS IS? feSS? Srth ||=g . H- ER MAJESTY. 'LSOUSNTDJA-fOwTNI4O NERY O_ F_ FICE.;^^ . A lJtrCS EIGHT SHIZ.ilN03 HET^C-- TTS pg 3 irS*N *&****. -a ' \" ir*-' ..... CA-Vi.T:l;g .,lXMg-.'t.r .1 ^iyj --_ ' -'^y<a*^HSgiSjifi35^v5S| '' ":`r^S^^3aESaE^S L ;^'s3K53?gsg5s]pj *^~'-'-?r5^1-*^l. -c * '. ^ :?5 * - .' m ', w*. * 'S^' . >^` - * ;T^;;Yr`^3*"'' ."ri^^-v^^.TSs \-,-. --. * -, ..* ..-* v-"r^>rw*U"7< ; r:4 *:\ 3Vv;", *" cellulose relation-rapotire-.T^euipray shop Is-. 80.it.' by 80 ft and 30 ft. ^ ` The items to be sprayed,irsmovcd imo the shop-dose to the exhaust 'veotih tion openings by an overhead crane.- These openings* with water cuhaj^J behind, are provided it different levels up to a height of 30 L and sprayers stand on gantries *i varying heights to apply the spray, opeab, and dosing the ventilator shutters according to the level at which they spraying. . ` i` . \ -. The same principle was applied in an exhaust installation for spray-paisa^, diesel engines. The work is dose at a. production line in a large bmMjn. Screens are fitted at each ride of the conveyor carrying the engines asd t strong down-draught exhaust is provided through a grid is the floor. Tfe paint is directed into a moving water stream and the result is asrf dean. * .. ( Since the making of the Asbestos Industry Regulations in 1931, the mw^ of dust control generally adopted on looms followed voy closely tlat described in the ** Report on Methods for Suppressing Dust in Asbona Textile Factories'*.* This method comprised individual exhaust hoods a. fell, beaids. back-rest and so do. Although this method was a considoabk advance at the time, some thought has beat given recently to a differes approach, aimed at attaining the maximum enclosure of the loom, of individual* hoods at dust-produasg points as hitherto. Among experiments which have been going on. one faoorv at which brake lining are made hn been able to achieve almost complete enclosure of two small modes automatic looms. The enclosure is made up of sheet iron, and at the front there is a large sloping glass window hinged at the top so that it oa be swung open for setting up, adjustments, eta A minimum space is left at tie breast and at the warp.. Various panels of the enclosure are made to be easily detachable for inspection arid maintenance purposes. The eadcscre is exhausted by trunking at top and bottom, so that even when the frost window is open, or panels are removed, there is a draught of dean air towards the machine at the breathing level of the operator. Good aniflda] lighting s arranged within the esdosure. to make loom parts easily visible through the window. Beth management and operators agree that the method of enclosure is a great improvement -and the management is going-ahead with plans for the more difficult task of endosmg older looms. At another factory, naiSar but quite independent steps- have bean taken to enclose looms. In this ass. the Iwwhm were of an older type and were in course of being transferred to i sew buHdisg, The enclosure of the looms incorporated hinged windows, tna. when seen, most of the windows were secured in the open position. Isvesuga* don showed that this was happening because the management had overlooked some design details important from the workers1 point of view. For example, the windows were too hovy, so that, once opened, there was every tcmpauoo for the operators to be them open. Again, no arrinciai lighting was provided within the enclosures, so that, on dull days, vision through the windows vs difficult. The slope of the windows was not well chosen, so that, on bright days, there was considerable specular reflection from the window glass. The firm is now considering alteration of the enclosures to meet these pois& Norwithstandlng these critiosms. there was oo doubt that, even with the windows open, a higher degiee of dust control was obtained, besuse of the conservation of the draught into a stream directed from the work towards the machinin' .. ' .. A firm of briquette manufacturers has provided exhaust ventilation for the pitchnsacklng akut at the position wfctre-pifidhrcsciaag is best * H.M. Stadoooy OtEoi. 19%Vv _. .. f" . 1 . A : - f v- * * ' * *$-- -- -- s I i!V. V- A}*' ^Ad.-Xv . -- - -... as iT Tbree*ridod5racps^*toJwluck`*--<HrJ) _ g^,,.. -- .^.,,,____provided *l convenient1.pdririqas and : ..'*^ is deposited at tbe opes side for aacHng. The dnsr-is earned into . " chimneys, from which there is no appreciable escape atf-'tbi tejL-'As it zifjo expected that there would be accumulations of deposited pitch-in the *-4tjB03. ample provision was made for opening them for deanjng ..'purposes, far. the system has been satisfactory and has greatly improved conditions. Inert transparent plastic materials are increasingly used for' ventilating' plant handling corrosive substances. Such materials have all the advantages d glass and can be moulded into a variety of shapes. Tbrir use is illustrated a the construction of a plastic booth to endose a bromine dram during filling, the booth has a wooden frame with transparent pi&stie-sbested ridea and op, and the front portion slide upwards to admit a drum for filling. Wbea the drum is- hx position the front is pulled down and the* drum* totally adosetl Tbe bromine filling main passes through the bade of the booth, tod an exhaust fan removes vapour when the drum is being filled. Worses sriH wear protective clothing, but the use -of the booth disposes with the eaxsxty for wearing masks at the filling operation. . - . C-. . :i^5? 'Is conclusion, factory hearing, general ventilarioa and local--exhaust Yeoriiaxion are not matters which should be considered independestiy^as the {revision made for one so often has a substantial effect ou-tbe -others!' Much' rouble could be avoided if hearing and ventilation were together given eariy oosideation in the design and construcrion of new factory buildings. Tbe baring and ventilating systems should be- carefully planned ar relation to "?-***?*fc- both the building and the processa. Knally, compdcntTprofcssfonal advice san absolute necessity in this highly speriaiized mandt of --' r. y**n-aU ^TT^? -.. ggrfS''wr CHAPTER116- Lighting and; Colour -> y*<-- -. _ lif/trmg '. ' * Substantial progress has been made throughout the year in tbe provision of oaxurai and artifidal lighting. Due to the rapid, progress - in- lighting *xhaique. a factory considered weff-lit fifteen years ago a,oowv in com parison with modern standards, a duil place; opinion as to what is good and yfcat is merely average continually altera with each sew advance in technique. Architects and occupies are fully aware of the advantages of good natural Bgbring. not only in obtaining efficient performance of the visual, task, but *Uo in providing a cheerful and * open air * atmosphse.'. Nevertheless riehiteas. although anxious to design new fadories with the _bat possible fiataral lighting, find that in these days of high fuel costs the heat-loss through f=*- %ge- areas of glass cannot be ignored: they may. 'then* specify1 durable TMiodows or special glass with low beat-loss factorr-Iif existing: factories. Serially in older ones,- anrincsease vu-^iiii Tightmg on: only be-obtained . `m I***.- . ' 'm*5w--1__j_. 'BUrfi--isjaH? 7 ss- Ir * ' 9 colour marking, is contact withpotassium bichromate. had muiriplb dliroiad ulcers on one hand^ ** . . i. 'f-jV--v*. s.s-n ' "... >rVl' . The sits of the lesions in the 220 cases are shown is the table"below; . Nature of Occupation Nasal Septum Manufacture of bichromates ... 25 Dyeing and finishing - Qiromium plating... 29 Oth9 industries ... 12. -- Total 66 Upper Limit4 inciudinf Lower /infers Limb 49 I. 1- 64 3 4- .-- 118 4 Abdomen- _ T . . -- 2 Multiple 22 1 1 30 In the-specified industries, the distribution of the lesions by site is similar to that found on previous occasions. Owing to the- nature of the work in the bichromate industry, ulceration on two or more sites was relatively common : many cases suffered from chrome ulceration on more than one limb or. for example, on a finger and is the nasal septum. A rigger, aged 37. in a firm manufacturing bichromate, sustained, just inside one nostril, a chrome ulcer which gave rise to a cellulitis of the neighbouring tissues, causing radiating neuralgia of the face and bend. AH the- lesions dne to chromium plating were, except is one ease, single lesions, nearly two-thirds of whieb occurred os the hands or fingers, while nearly one-third consisted of ulceration of the nasal septus. Two cases of olecranon of the skis of the abdomen were due to catomic add oystals falling through the workers* shin-fronts during the replenishment of the bath. One of these men subsequently devdooed two circular chrome ulcers, each about half an inch in diamets; on the abdominal waiL There are who' and safer wavs of replenishing a chrome bath. In 23 eases, mduding 12 employed on chromium' plating, it was reported that ulceration followed the entry of chromic acid solution or crystals into small cuts or abrasions which had oot been adequately protected, by waterproof dressings. Six of the 17 cases recorded under " other industries ** worked in a abrogating procea to which the Chromium Plating Regulations do oot apply. Fume arose from the chromating baths due to the poor design of the exhaust ventilation. All these cases suffered from chrome ulceration of the nasal septum: the firm instituted periodical medical examinations and installed new ventilating plant. Two other case of nasal ulceration in this group were employed as sprayers of a chrometch primer containing, among other ingredients, zinc tetroxychromate. This work was not performed under loeai mechanical exhaust ventilation and the general ventilation of the department was inadequate to control the haard. The men were said to be " enveloped * in spray. ASBE5T0SZS AND CANCER OF THE LwNG In 1947 an analysis was made* of 235 deaths, either caused by asbestos** or in which asbestosis had been proved at autopsy, which had coroe to notice daring the yean 1924 to 1946 inclusive. In e3 of cases, cancer of toe r *. - 'V-V *V'--JV-y.*. . . -^r~V--I**%* ~. J,*^.J. *'*N^ *^/ . was found to be present, either as jo 23 (27'2 per cent).of the 12S male dcsu* w,u s \,-*p=*. wj^ot lbqxs^v J07 female deaths, the proportion for all-cases being \2-Z per-ertcy-..; \-r~y"_r :` The investigation has continued and fahW analyses of ther toil' number*? *'* of asbestos* cases which has come to notice from 1924 to 1954oneiusive. have been nude. In these analyses, eases is which asbestosis was- accom panied by pulmonary tuberculosis are shown separately, as are eases' in ,, which cancer of the lung was a cause of death or a concocdant -. Eleven . gtq, 4 male and 7 female, in which cancer of sites other tEaa-theimgfwas' found, are included under asbestosis. - '.* * * ' . . /i * j^sagaMB ysg** ! - m i mTy^*r r*H *^9*.** i&sgui&ieJL - --~<*&w%g3.'2 ASBESTOSZS: DEATHS RECORDED FROM MARCH 1924-OECEMBER 1954 Diagnosis A*bt*uw -- - -- -. Ajhestess sad Pulmonary Tabowlods Aifecewta and Cancer ef Lues . Mala ' Fansia _. _ 4?i 41 / ,. r >4i . iK Total 1 ' 2S ` ' 35.. . ., ^i^^aw^jsgg- % ^fiSr&:-SFisJ . Total 0 ! , 344. NOTE.--sale and 7 fertile asbestosis tasf and are tariodad osder Asbestos* 7. cases' aha' had ~ ' . <ahfe.a*d1 of *sites ot,her than : * ` 2 ' ' ' . The total number of esses up to the encfdf 1954 wus-?(<ofrwhzeh 205 were sales and 139 females. The number of. cases is which cancer of the lung was presat was'55 (16-0 per cent), the figure for males being 41 (20-0 per cent) sad for females 14 (10-1 pc cent). The percentage of cases with oncer of the l&ag was higher is both tr^es and females than in the previous analysis but the proportion among males was. as before, about' twice that among females. In S3 cases (22-6 per cent) asbestosis. was accompanied by pulmonary mbocuiosis but this complication was relatively more common among females (29*5 per cent) than among males (22-4 pc cent). * The age at death (is specified age groups) is shown in Table 35 for asbestosis. asbestosis with pulmonary tube* miosis, and asbestosis with sneer of the lung. For each condition, the mean age at death was higher for males than for females, while for both sexes the mean age was lowest for asbestosis with tuberculosis and highest for asbestosis with cancer of the lung. Two male deaths from asbestosis with pulmonary mberculosis occurled before the age of 20. and 10 (6~male and 1 female from asbestosis and 2 male and 1 female from asbestosis with cancer of the lung) over the age of 70. ` . The duration in. years of exposure to asbestos dust is shown is Table 36. Two of the women who died, one from, asbestosis and one from asbestosis with pulmonary tuberculosis, had had less than one year's exposure to asbestos dust, while for eleven men. seven cases of asbestosis and four of ..asbestosis with cancer of the lung, the duration of exposure was ovc forty years. For both sexes the shortest mean duration of exposure was recorded '.for asbestosis with pulmonary tuberculosis. * ...* . . t -,, -* S o 5 . 0 o < o 5 3tti s m> m ^ -~y ' ^ 1 < 'e V 2 ;3K. M*p> ' MMv* TT` - -*-* Mnn - . r*T,*r ' ON " kM- ^ ^ MDVH -- *' t- V > e W |N -- 1-- 4 ** ^ e*ae n j ^ *> '!g jgBgffagsfears* i"^w. Ok 3"" 3=S 1 st= -- 5S= . j . rn *-> n r* mm j 4 3 j 1 P4 3 o 9 ri r ii i ri F..; .."^ 'v1.- ;%>.viJ? .*Jfr"^Sijyf`i'-''i-T^``_'T'^u-*-. . r 6^:-^ !*: Y-.'r ^-- >' i>- fJ -- --- S3 tr. s s9>) 2 xu l& 0 z 1 5 Q " < Sx ?:B . ms>J z<< sl; *1 __ e o> *e ss ~r^ |*r frr ->V -0*0s ' V Je>* ;* tt _. ' *Z ' '? t - .:S 1 i i i ^ it. i' Z-*- I fi . 4 > e sS> . I r 3 9 a e f > ws**- 2, . .-X T.l vc* * ij* - ..?' ^.. >i r -Ti . 5*s ^V ! 0 wr< k--- ' . ^ f r*v . _ ***! ^ " *T 57 - .. . . 9>irr.*> , . . r . . ; ---- 11t ^ 1 ' .MT |l .. - ->* . . s _ 1I1 r-:j. --1. . *^r. :s Ms ' ' R? te *-.3 *:fcE * *&5 -Jime s* :! I jl *M ^9 *M . 13 *0 u v*o e m mm . ^JSJS * 6 o o ui o o o M W *1 J m ooo < <RRz <<<< &<<< fe<<< 2 u. H 1 *193 " ". *W. % ------------------- : ... . *- f^Sr'.Sar.-Mi.^-^ " ' , -. * -* .*.* *** , ""' ' -- ** *,r-.v'Tr-"`' py*ssa*ocD>aosis> v-.^>-V :-.>-v -/ ...**.. The usual tablet have b-w brought up to date, and are set out below. It will be noted that is the foregoing tables the mean ages at death and the. mean durations of exposure recorded for women are lower than thou for men. Many worses love the asbestos industry at a relatively early age on marriage and th may have influenced these means to some extent. Furthermore it is possible that the presence of asbestos may not have been recognized in some women who died subsequent to leaving the industry on marriage; the omission of these cases would tend to reduce the mean ages and durations of exposure. On the other hand it may be that asbestos dust has a more serious eflect on women than on men. thereby leading to a relatively -rf;gT death after a relatively shorter period of exposure TABLE 37 FATAL CASES INVESTIGATED UP TO THE END OF 1954 ^. * Nmaber . baths Awiw hath Duration of employment sayeaa Langes Stone** Averajs SmcasB Poneryv-- - : Sffisosa _ _ _ Silicas with Tubereaio*a-- 7S2 11? 61-7 56*1 62-0 67-0 2-3 38-3 5-0 34-7 Sadstooe:-- . '' S?1kxbtt ^ Silicas* with TeboaioB&_ 232 230 61-3 57-6 62-0 53-0 90 39*1 5-0 37-4- Gnnrfmc oC Meals:-- SUiani _ _ . <?1wtbb with Tubeeniosi-. tu 212 59*5 54-1 61-0 56-0 14-0 2-3 35-9 DO 'SssdbUscz&e:-- . Silicons _ _ _ Sukrwt wiih Tubqcularis.^ 76 99 50*7 *6-2 42-0 46-0 1-7 1>5 20 13-1 Masn/acren of securing powha*;-- SUteaaa __ 16 40*3 37-0 2-3 1-3 SuicosB with Tuberculosa 6 40** 11-2 20 70 Mlwrflaoccm:-- SilieOBB _ M Sflicnm with Tuteeoics*--. 311 2&5 55*8 51-8 57-0 500 1-5 246 >7 24-9 Total:-- Silicon* _ ^ _ Suicosb with Tuhrrcniorix.- usi U31 59-6 54-4 62-0 67-0 1-5 34-1 0-7 31-2 Asbestos AsOotoss with I'gprjTTiiiTrn... 237` 49*6 40-5 48-0 33-0 0-5 16-S 0-8 IH 4 r% aS^gp V. ' V-?' DEATH CERTIFICATES RECORDING FIBROSIS OP THE-LUNGS. rN<XUDE?<3)sJ ` ALL FORMS OP PNEUMOCONIOSIS AND 3XS5INOSIS ? ' -3rTrS"f^ <- . -&l > x.. r- g-t1-- -rt W.1*, IX-)M} .* IMS IM4 1M7 1M4 1M9 11990 1991 ,3 135* 1733 9>4 jc*w--r* . .,,^^.-y*'.T.,.-;.T>iw--, i ,,.*r -ij . ,SJ-____ - -' ~. '* t**n mm . ..-i. * > *---&. '?!,- t. aenoM iliauia X ?OWT. lllwfllBlrf X Stadmmm, WrM m* 4mr .. 4. SlMMMMi .. .. M 3. KmI uiuitix M .. 4. S*M4bla*aa .. .. 7. Start fr ! ii | <rt ------- 't aC `il-- .. .. X StM. prohrt. m tad uart Olakrtf ,. ,, 7. Suuunma pvartav- oanrtu rt .......................... .. ,, 1C Abnrt* itrt /nTM , _ tL Chacoutat aart bw^Sac. tX Htlrttc-- .. 4# 14. Cmrta ^uMnsf irt dnaaac 13L. 7Wrt iaa< ( w .. .. It Cemi^mm 17. Cart ortaaitf (Sstt Afro) 1C Tm Mf .. .. 19. baa at (kMlIM aiaM* 3. ladaaai _ .. 31. CmrartM .. .. _T & Wn mini .. .. 23. Or mi .. .. __ 24. tti-'.i iiniii ii .. 21 Mirtla-- .. .. 3 41 2 44 u ( J -- r 2 _ _ 4 1 4 23 4 19 2 1 __ 2 I _ 3 1 id U 12 11 4 . J1 - t 14 49 41 <3 73 C 7B 9 a 32 2 2 29 13 u ! M .; 9 >-.a - 14 :* 2 41 ., 41 3t 4 iU - J1 .9 . 9 ; .. .t '.32 - 14 ' is 3 _ _ 4 r -- _ t s 3 a . .1 i r-JI V. 4 * * ` 13 ' t: 'a ' H -*4 u `K 19 'e". ... ^V S"'* y* .t-i . 3 ...:i . - -4 - 1 40* ^T, '' *T * J > -.Jl e * _ * ' Jf 2L. i-1 vT. r i i '^ 2 lL-*- Cii ^ ' "TL. 5 'J v-_ -rt s 2^. _ '-ii. v-- 13 __ * 14 1 2 ' 17 3= ; .3 -- ^ < 3 is * X * 49 . A 1 3 .1 7 L`-* , * '. . . . m ,v * ** 3 -- .j . 3 U*2 : & L. - I . 2, 2 343 39 334 - 335 ^47 'l!3!( u 2401 - 38 ^ *"'4 '*4 4 1 .* ^ 2 __ 14 ; 11 - X -. J , 4 "771 . *n 30 9 1 _ a _ ..2 `* 1 -I 4 __ __ .4 J _ 9 - lc^ ** 3 _j I 1 __ 1 3_ 1 _| ^1 1 -- { _ 11 1 2 -1 <2^ * _ ii| 3 ._ 1 __ 4 iif 7 7 fl O ' 34 . 11 9 _s_ail nssf ssid ' inJ ffaj igj <3i| asjj usd i,*o{ aoj jti tlj 14 ^' + "1 ^ ;.f' 111 ttj 14/ ai 1- 23o| 3rJ <ffl| sJ 39J- 573] -- rjz - ^ "( '1 H :"! -i - ia 3 4 ^ i "i <r ,5S =* =i- - sow <ig *sij sw| gi^ res cw} <n^ 7T>c above fi grans ars oq isfomUioo esstaioed is Dalb Cgvffgat^* i aodfied to ttoe Repsov GcoofiL 'r ' I . The figures or Scotland reiato to naJc oniy. .,,*' .. t- 'v '4-a.; ' -- 195- t * ; * --. . - ?..