Document 5LGEDb0ZLK75Ea06ROqkE2D05

OFFICERS PRESIDENT -- B. A. MALM. DES PLAINES VICE PRESIDENT -- RALPH J. BAUDHUIN. ROCKFORD EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT -- " ROBERT A..ROLAND .WASHINGTON TREASURER -- C. A. BRETHEN,. JR.. WYANDOTTE SECRETARY ^ ALLAN Wi' GATES. WASHINGTON FIELD SECRETARY-- JAMES N. ELLIOTT. WASHINGTON 1 I N C O R P O R A TED 1500 RHODE ISLAND AVE., N.W., WASHINGTON, D. C. 20005 PHONE: 202-462-6272 REGIONAL VICE PRESIDENTS NEW ENGLAND --C. FRANCIS LOUTREL. BOSTON EASTERN-WILLIAM MACKN1GHT. PHILADELPHIA EAST CENTRAL -- ROBERT W. BODY. CLEVELAND ! WEST CENTRAL- H. C. MILLER, ST. LOUIS' A I April -7y, n A-<. 1971 SOUTHERN - HUGH H. MAYBERRY, BRUNSWICK. GA. SOUTHWESTERN -- HAROLD WEINBERG. DENVER WESTERN - D. W. KENNEDY. LOS ANGELES To Members of the NPVLA Labeling Committee & Scientific Committee: The State of Virginia, Division of Regulatory Services, is in the process of revising and up dating their "Paint Law Labeling Guide". In January 1971, Bill Ringle and Fred Johnson of the Labeling Committee, John Montgomery and I visited the Virginia authorities and dis cussed the rewriting of their Labeling Guide. The second draft of the proposed Labeling Guide has now been written and we are sending you a copy for your comments. In a conversation with Arthur Hart, Supervisor of the Paint Regulatory Section, last week, I was informed that the State of Virginia intends to finalize the Labeling Guide and send it out about the middle of May. Mr. Hart stated that he would need our comments no later than May 1. The Labeling Committee will meet In Washington on April 28, and we would appreciate having your comments by that time so that they can be discussed by this Committee. We are enclosing Mr. Hart's covering letter along with the proposed Labeling Guide and we ask that you give special attention to the definition of latex. Since many companies modify their exterior latex paints with resin emulsions other than emulsion polymers, we feel that the definition of Latex Paint should be broad enough to cover this type of formu lation. The State of Virginia technical people feel that at least 50 percent of the vehicle solids should be an emulsion polymer if a company is going to use the name latex paint on its label . Some paint manufacturers have pointed out that certain exterior latex paints may contain more than 50 percent of a resin emulsion such as an alkyd and, therefore, less than 50 percent of the resin solids would be ah emulsion polymer. We would especially like to have your comments on this matter and your suggestions concerning a definition for latex. Please make any comments, corrections, or suggestions you wish and get them back to us no later than April 26. Thank you for your usual prompt cooperation. RAB/fmh Enclosure COMMISSIONER DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND IMMIGRATION DIVISION OF REGULATORY SERVICES 203 N. GOVERNOR STREET, ROOM 304 RICHMOND. VIRGINIA 23219 -.'March- 25, 1971 DIRECTOR TO: . William G. Rtngle ' ' Fred-Johnson.- A- . Roy Brown John Montgomery Gentlemen*.' - .Enclosed; is,a.copy of opr second..draft to our.proposed.. Virginia - Faint Law Labeling Guide..: ' We Intended to supersede.ail "FL", notices of earlier dates, hut-particularly PL-3A, 12A, and 15. A statement to tliis-.-effecs,' perhaps on the cover, 'is-'-needed..-. We need to: --Draw attention to paragraph B. 6. on Page 4 . and show that pages - 14-17 will. he. obsoleteafter June 30, 1971, - Better define the asterisks which. appear' to the left of various , -terms and draw; attention-to paragraph A. 4.; on; Page 4. --Show/that.tliis '"Guide"' supersedes all previous labeling / ' / dnstructlcns... L / - --Define Latex In B. 5. on Page 4. /-rDefine: /Halagehated/Hydrocsrhonsi-' -L.' - '- -Cellulose.-Ester "; -:/ ,,- Boly Amides Resin ' : - j ' /"/Poly Amines Resia / -. Poly .Styrene// Polyurethane:- Resin, /' Cadmium Red Mercedium Red v. ` Tita.nated. Nickel. - - /.Titanated Yellow / Monasters! Blue ; Monasteral Green N11690.01 t"'-T 000723 William G. IIingle Grea Johnson Roy Brown John Montgomery Page 2 March 25, 1971 Mr. Bricker is continuing to develop the needed definitions with the exception of the one for Latex. I will forward these definitions to you when they are available. Please review this proposed "Guide" and let us have your comments. We want to be as complete as necessary. We hope to be able to distribute it when we mail Paint Renewal registration information in May. Sincerely ATHrmlh' Enclosure cc:. Mr. R. C. Bricker supervisor Paint Regulatory Section f/ *' $ 'J'i $ Jif : /&/ */ L-J ^ <;S ./& <s3., . .. -"a ' _#. *'7y i/"^y .i'i'}'j4& 3 ^ P'`' y' - ^ 14 7 < / f 7/ Ce>:f' J. L< f? Co / l // "' '/* ^' / .4? *>> -J //n *" * / pt'^/p-^y /Hr. r 7 4 47/ ' // rvu / / ; 5 7>/V^n: 4^ H' <V^& *) / f PoS v* ?iz ipy f fj 0 ,s* o PS4>f PGfrdctLT*& i?& `7 -' / 7 :- *' , !//l. U2-&? ; N11690.02 INDEX Additives............... .................... Approved Labeling Terms........... Classifications of Organic Colors Ingredient Statement Formats..., Inorganic Pigments........................ Label Requirements (A&.C) .......... \ Miscellaneous Terms ................. Natural Resins & Gums ... ....... Oils.............................. . Organic Pigments.. ....;......... Paint Oil,...................... Pigments ...... ........................ Solvents ....................... .Spray Paint ........... Synthetic Resins................. Terminology.................-... Thinners ..........-............ Tinting Colors .................., Turpentine ................................... . Vehicle Ingredients..................... i ,' EPI 000?2i GENERAL LABELING INFORMATION General Instructions V; , .! . ':>yi .v. ' ' ' ' - : : . -S-V 1. Several sections of the Virginia Faint Law and Regulations II and IV provide information relating to labeling and registra tion. All paint labels must contain the following information in the English language. Labeling must not be false or mis leading and may not refer to registration under the Virginia Paint Law. a. Name and address of the manufacturer or person for whom manufactured. If the registrant's name appears on the label and the registrant is not the manufac- turer, or if the name of the person:for whom the paint was manufactured appears on.the label, it must be qualified by appropriate wording, such as, "Packed For***", "Distributed By***", or "Sold By***", to show that the name is not that of the manufacturer. . b. The name, brand or trademark under which the paint is sold. ' c. The net contents (in accordance with the Virginia Weights and Measures Law). d. .. An ingredient statement. A statement of the chemical name (or approved labeling term) and percentage by weight of each ingredient. In lieu of showing an ingredient statement on a container of less than one pint size (on spray paints - less than 11 ounces net weight) , a label and statement showing the name and percent by weight of each ingredient in the paint may be filed with this office. e. The primary purpose for which the paint is intended. Example: Outside House Paint, Flat Wall Paint, Porch & Deck Paint, etc. f. Adequate directions for use,, including directions for dinning and mixing the paint, and the name of the thinner to be used. Example: "...each gallon ' of paint should be reduced with one pint of turpen tine", or "...do not thin". 2. Spray paint labeling requirements differ slightly. Please refer to number 1(d) above and B 5 below. 3. Although paint.-oil and turpentine do not require registration, certain labeling is required. See Section 59.1-179(4) of the Law and.Regulation II B 3. \ 3 4. ' Section 59.1-178 (4) of, the:Law provides that certain approved terms may be used in lieu of chenical names in the - ingredient . statement. The terms appear on pages 6 through 14 of 1 this, guide. Thosepreceded by an asterisk must conform to . the applicable American Society for Testing & Materials Speci fications. Explanation or`clarification listed to the right of the approved terms is for information only and should not be included in the ingredient statement. 5. Registration of all paints is required prior to sale or,dis tribution in Virginia and application for such registration must be made on forms supplied by, the Paint Section. Terminology 1. Additives - See page 6. 2. Creosote Paint - The name "Creosote Paint" will not be permitted unless the paint contains enough creosote to give preservative qualities. White paint containing more than 3% creosote (ASTM) will not be considered white. Regardless of the percentage of . . creosote claimed, the terminology "White Creosote" may not be . considered as part of the brand name or appear on the label. .1 . . White paint containing 3% or less creosote may include on the . front panel the statement "contains X% 'creosote" in smaller type than the brand name. 3. Fluorescent paints normally include resinous vehicles con taining brillant dye. The name of the- resin containing the dye . shall be stated in the ingredient statement and followed imme diately by the phrase "containing less than X% fluorescent dye". Example: Sulfonamine-amide-aldehyde resin containing less than 3% fluorescent dye; Sulfonamide triazine aldehyde resin containing less than 4% fluorescent dye. 4. Fungicidal:and .mildewcidai ingredients must be claimed in the ingredient, statement using the chemical name of the compound if, !,';:.A'ifungicidai 'and mildewcidai claims are made on. the label. If claims are not made but compounds are added as preservatives, then the compound may be included as an "additive" as defined on page 6. 5. Latex - This term may not be used in the ingredient statement, but may be used elsewhere on the label provided it fits the following definition: 6.: -Pigment (organic) -Either the organic color terminology listed on pages 14 through 17 in; this guide or the color index name and number as classified in the American Assocation of Textile Chemists and Colorists 'Color Index may be used in ingredients statements , 4 until July 1, 1972. All new labels received for the 1972-73 registration year`must have the color index name and number for \ all organic pigments. All labels will need to be corrected to . include the color index name and number terminology by July, 1975. Example: Benzidine: Yellow 3012 7. Propellant as a term may be listed in the ingredient statement for spray paints provided it is followed immediately with the chemical name or the approved labeling term for the compound ..used. 8. Tinting colors may be claimed as provided on page 6. Other Labeling 1. Claims such as "washable", "fume resistant1', etc. shall be factual. Labels bearing claims for "one coat coverage" shall include a : spreading or coverage rate such as "covers 400 square feet on smooth surfaces." ' ' 2. Some paint labels should include precautionary labeling as required by Hazardous Substances Laws. Such required labeling which complies with the Federal Hazardous Substances Labeling Act will meet Virginia requirements. _; 3. Weights and Measures requirements - Labels complying with Model State Packaging and Labeling Regulation or FPLA will meet Virginia requirements. . Preferred Ingredient Statement Formats Which Comply With Va. Requirements i. Aerosol Spray Points : Non-Volatile 17.24% Titanium Dioxide Pigment (?C% TIGj ) Soya Alkyd Phenolic Resin Volatile 82.76% Esters and Ketones Naphtha, Aromatic Hydrocarbons Propellant-Halagenated Hydrocarbons ' 8.00% 9.24% 11'.76% 21.00% 50.00% ToOo% 2. Varnish Non-Volatile (LinseedAlkyd Resin) Volatile (Petroleum Distillate) \ 50.3 % 49.7 % YOO.O % 3. Wall or House Paint Pigment 31.2 % Titanium Dioxide (Type III) Zinc Oxide Hydrated Aluminum Oxide Silicates Vehicle Acrylic Resin Soya Oil Water Driers 68.8 % 17.32% 4.93% 1.47% 7.49% 15.31% 3.44% 49.98% .06% 4. Pigmented Roof Coating Pigment - ' 31.00% Aluminum Paste! 31.00% /' 'Vehicle 69.00% Non-Volatile (Asphalt Solids) Volatile (Mineral Spirits) . 31.23% 37.77% ioo.oo% 5. Non-Pigmented Roof Coatings Only the name of each ingredient must be shown on the label: Example: Contains: Asphalt Solids, Asbestos and Petroleum Distillate 6, Anti-Fouling Paint Pigment 32.5 % Copper Powder Magnesium Silicate , Vehicle 67.5%, Acrylic Resin Rosin Bis (tri-n-butyl fin) Oxide , Aromatic Hydrocarbons Anti-Fouling Ingredients: Active Copper. Powder Bis (tri-n-butyltin) Oxide Inert 28 .2 % 4.3 % 12.3 % 4.5 % 2.1 % 48,6 % 100.0"% 28.2 % 2.1 % 69.7 % OO . QO The following products do not come under the Section 59.1-178 (1): isions of the Virginia Paint Law as provided in Artist Colors Wood Fillers Stucco Colors-in-oil Putty Waxes Polishes Plaster Bulletin Colors Stains (Other than Varnish Stains) MISCELLANEOUS TERMS Additives Amino Acids Asphalt Solids Benzophenone Derivatives Casein Catalyst (use chemical name) Coal Tar Copper Resinaie Cottonseed Pitch Creosote Creosote Oil Dextrine Dipentene Driers Ethylene Glycol Gilsonite Glue & Hydrated Lime Lecithin Methonol ' Paraffin Oil Paraffin Wax Paris Green Pine Tar Pitch Plasticizer ------------------- Portland Cement Protein Starch Tinting Colors Water Zein Additivies such as dispersing agents and surfactants specifically claimed on the label must be named in the ingredient statement. Those not claimed may be classified as "addi tives 11 but shall include only the solid portion, not to exceed 3% of the total vehicle. The volatile por tion shall be included with other volatile ingredients. A definite synthetic organic chemical compound used to overcome brittleness or to develop flexibility. This term shall not be used in lieu of other Approved Labeling Terms. Colors used for tinting purposes may be added under this classification provided the total does not exceed 5%- of the total: pi gment. +Presence of this ingredient rr substances labeling. require hazardous VEHICLE INGREDIENTS /f'V' X (! x)1 \ /' .V \.)v Solvents and, Thinners - Alcohol (specify if .'methanol) --Organic Solvents characterized by the hydroxyl group (OH). Aliphatic Hydrocarbons ----------------- Straight chain hydrocarbons derived from a paraffin base crude oil or the paraffin part of a mixed base crude oil. Aliphatic &.Aromatic Hydrocarbons ------------------------------------ A combination of Aliphatic and Aro matic as defined herein. v Aromatic Hydrocarbons ---------------- Characterized by the benzene nucleus. Coal Tar Thinners -------Aromatic Hydrocarbons derived from . the condensed liquid from the destruc tive distillation of coal . Ex.: Hi-.- Flash Naphtha. Coal Tar Distallates -----------See Coal Tar Thinners. Esters----------- Chemical Compounds used as solvents having the general formula RCOOR, . where R & R1 are the same or differ ent alkyl groups. Glycol Ethers ---------'To describe solvents which have an alcohol (-OH) radical and an etheric oxygen linkage (-0) in the molecules. Halagenated Hydrocarbons ---- Hi-Flash Naphtha Kerosene ------------Ketones I-Mineral Spirits Naphtha ----------- - t- Petroleum Distillate Terpenes------ ---------- Turpentine See Coal Tar Thinners. A fraction derived from the distilla tion of petroleum with an average boiling range of 150 - 250 degrees C. Chemical Compounds used as solvents characterized, by the carbonyl (C:0) group, having the general formula RCOR' .where R & R' are-the same or different alkyl groups. ; :. ASTM: Petroleum Spi rits. ; Petroleum Spirits of a relatively low boiling: range. This term may be used to describe the different fractions such as V.H. & P.Naphtha, Solvent . . Naphtha, etc. The name of the terpene.in each in stance must be shown. Ex.: .Turpen tine, Dipentine, Pine Oil, etc. ASTM "Spirits of Turpentine". EPI 000732 Oils (The true name of the oils must be shown*, however, if modified, state the type, of modification. Ex.: boiled linseed oil, limed tall oil.) Castor Oil Coconut Oil Cottonseed Oil ^ ?,,>Dehydrated Castor Oil -' ' '' ' Hempseed Oil Linseed Oil Menhaden Oil Oiticica Oil Peri11aOil Rapeseed Oil Safflower Oil Sardine Oil Soybean Oil Sunflower Oil Tall Oil Tung Oil Walnut Oil Natural Resins and Gums (The following terms may be used to designate the various natural resins and gums. Where there are subheadings, either the subheading or the main classification may be used.) Dammar East India Copal 'T / ; ' ' a. Manila - b. .'Congo c. Kauri Accroides Elemi . Mastic . Natural Rubber Sandarac Rosin' . -4 Shellac (Not a true natural resin since it is an exudation product of trees.) NOTE: Natural Resins esterified with polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol may be labeled as: ^^NAME OF RESIN, ***ester (Example, Copal: Copal Ester). In cases where the natural resin ester is modified or the natural resin is modified and . the esterifiedi the name of the nodi tier must be gi ven . '(Example: Rosin Copal Ester).- EFI 0007 #Synthetic Resins Acrylic Resin ---------------------------------- A synthetic resin made from derivatives of acrylic -acid. Alkyd Resin ---a synthetic resin made from poly- hyaric alcohols and polybasic acids or anhydrides of the saturated types (i.e. `Phthalic, Succinic) and generally modified with .resins> fatty bids ^dr fatty acids. The name of the modifier must be shown. (See also "Polyester Resin"). Butadiene-Styrene Resin ------------- A synthetic resin made from various ratios of Butadiene and Styrene or . their homologues. Cellulose Ester --------------------- Chlorinated Biphenyl Chiorinated Paraffin ---- Chlorinated Rubber ------------ Coumarone-Indene Resin-- Epoxy Resin------------Exter Gum --------- ----------- Maleic Ester Resin------ Maleic Resin ----------------------Melamine Resin ------------------Petroleum Resin ------------------ Phenolic Resin ----- Poly Amides Resin-------------- --- A synthetic resin derived from the introduction of chlorine into the molecules of hydrocarbons. --A resin made by the reaction of Chlorine on Paraffin. --- A product formed by the chlorination of rubber containing about 65% chlorine. -- A synthetic resin derived from coal tar hydrocarbons. -- A synthetic resin derived from a poly epoxide and epologyic alcohol.. -- A resin made from rosin and a poly- hydrid alcohol. Ex.: Glycerol, pentaerythritol. -- A synthetic resin made from maleic acid, or maleic anhydride and a poly- hydric alcohol. A resin made from a natural resin and maleic anhydride or maleic acid. -- A synthetic resin made from melamine A: and an aldehyde. : -- A synthetic resin: produced by the" . ' ,,A polymerization of hydrocarbons of .ipetrqleum -.'br.i.ginT .. --- A synthetic resin.made from phenols and aldehydes. / >3^ ere', /lei* a- EPI 000734 Poly Amines Resin .(UM'WM Wittoll'l# kUM MMW* :M Polyester Resin Poly styrene UIttwHIlilli US* tSrlWt M UHI 'tM MM lU iMl A synthetic resin made from poly- hydric alcohols and polybasic acids or .'anhydrides of the unsaturated type, i.e, maleic, fumarlc, & cltro conic - see also Alkyd Resin, Polyurethane Resin Processed Rosin Rosin that has been treated with heat or.catalysts or both, with or without added chemical- substances, so as to cause substantial change in the structure of the: rosin acids, as isomerization, hydrogenation, de hydrogenation, or polymerization without substantial effect on the carboxyl group. Rosin Salts.A resin obtained when rosin is fused ' with a metal salt to form the corre sponding metallic resinate. Rubber Resin Resinous derivatives of natural and synthetic rubber. Silicone Resin tamaMmtwuMkti A synthetic/ resin which is a compound chemically classed as organo-poly- siloxanes. Terpens Resin ss'eaWsi w mmih u im. A synthetic, res in: formed by the poly mer! zation of tarpenes, or polymeriza tion of lerpnnes with other resin . forming materials, Urea Resin S-A Kn Kt-WS Md Hi W8 HI M M M (Ml Mi M M M Mi'Wt M Ml M*v - synthetic resin made from urea and' an aldehyde. . Modification of the above terms (Synthetic Resins), as defined, may be labeled by giving the name of the resin and the name of the modifier, for example:f 'An "Alkyd Resin"modi find wi t!i 11 risecd oi 1 may be 1 abeled as "Linseed-Alkyd Rosin", A "Phenolic Resin.".'ttodi fled with ester gum may be labeled as "Ester Gum-Phenolic Rosin". ^Synthetic:Resins modified with oil fatty, acids may be labeled :by giving the name of the resin preceded'by. the name of. the oils from wich the acids, were obtained. Ex.; "Soya Alkyd", "Linseed-Soya Alkyd", J: - i EPI 0007U5 *?> ^ PIGMENTS Black, Brown & Grav(except iron oxides) Amorphous Graphite (see Graphite below) - x- Bone Black .- '. Carbon Black -^-Dropblack (ASTM Boneblack) Graphite (natural allotropic carbon - may be produced synthetically) Lampblack . Mineral Black (a carbon black made from heavy black slate and con taining approximately 43% fixed carbon, 38% volatile matter, and 10% ash) : ^Sublimed Blue Lead (ASTM Blue Lead, Basic Sulfate) Vegetable Black (produced by carbonization of vegetable matter) Inorganic Blue Basic Sulfate Blue Lead Iron Blue Ultramarine Blue Inorganic Green Chrome Green (ASTM Pure Chrome Green) Chromic Oxide Green (ASTM Chrome Oxide Green) Chromium Oxide, Hydrated (approximately C^Gg 2H2Q) $ Reduced Chrome Green Inorganic Orange ^ Chrome Orange /` vt Dark Chrome Orange (ASTM Chrome Yellow & Chrome Orange) #Light Chrome Orange (ASTM Chrome Yellow & Chrome Orange) Molybdate Orange '(A mixture of Lead Chromate, Lead Molybdate and other Lead salts) [ EPI ,000736 Inorganic Red (except iron oxides) Cadmium Red Cadmium Sulfoselenide - Abbv. Cadmium Sulfosel. (Cadmium Sulfide with selenium added in the process of manufacture to obtain shade.) Cadmium Sulfoselenide Lithopone - Abtvv. Cadmium Sul fosel. Lith. TCoprecipi.ta.ted products of Cadmium Sulfide & Barium Sulfate with selenium Mercadium Red added in the process to obtain shade.) j.r/' . 'A Red Lead ^ ' . Inorganic Yellow (except iron oxides) jrBasic Lead Silico Chromate Cadmium Lithopone (The coprecipitated.product of Cadmium Sulfide and Barium Sulfate with or without small amounts of Zinc Sulfide precipitated in the process to obtain . shade.) 4-Chrome Yellow (ASTM Chrome Yellow and Chrome Orange) JlLemon Chrome Yellow (ASTM Chrome Yellow and Chrome Orange) Litharge (PbO) (ASTM Chrome Yellow and Chrome Orange) 4-Medium Chrome Yellow (ASTM Chrome Yellow and Chrome Orange) ' Titanated Nickel Titanated Yellow 4 Zinc Yellow Iron Oxides 4Black Synthetic Iron Oxide 4 Burnt Umber 4 Burnt Sienna -^Indian Rea (ASTM Red and Brown Iron Oxide - Class I) t Iron Oxide, C? (ASTM Red and Brown Iron Oxide - Class I) &Ocher -Pure Iron Oxide (ASTM Red and Brown Iron Oxide - Class I) *Sesquioxide of Iron (Ferric Oxide) 4 Raw Sienna . ^Raw Umber ^Venetian Red (This should be broken down to show the percent Ferric Oxide.) Yellow Iron Oxide (ASTM Yellow Iron Oxide, Hydrated) Metallic ^ Aluminum Paste Aluminum Powder Copper Powder ^Copper Bronze Powder (ASTM Copper Powder) &Gold Bronze Powder Metallic Lead, Flaked (This shall contain a mini muni of 30% metallic lead) Zinc Dust White (including extenders) Alumina (M2O3 - The -oxide of Aluminum that occurs in nature as Corundum) Aluminum HyBrate {AI2O3.3H2Q or AI2O3.H2O) Asbestos - Basic Lead Carbonate (ASTM Basic Carbonate White Lead, Basic Lead Sul fate (ASTM Basic Sulfate Whi te Lead*) (d* Basic Silicate White Lead (2PbSi03-Pb(OH)2) 1 Basic Silicate White Lead (48% PbO Type) By analysis: PbO Maximum Minimum ih'* **' SO3 Maximum Minimum Jwvr ... Bentonite Clay (A mineral pigment compoun mainly^of Silicon Dioxide and Aluminum Oxide) Calcium & Magnesium Carbonate (only for ground limestone) China Clay (Chief constituent is Aluminum Silicate, .also known as Kaolin & Porcelain Clay) Emery; . Gypsum (A atural hydrated Calcium Sulfate - CaS04.2Ho0) " Leaded Zinc Oxide (me percent of the Basic Sulfate white Lead snail shown. Ex.:. 35% Leaded Zinc Oxide) 4-Lithopone (ASTM Zinc Sulfide Pigments) *'Mica- (See also Silicates) Pumice . Silica (Silicon Dioxide) Silicates (This term may be used to describe various silicates and combi nations.-of silicates, as Aluminum & Magnesium Sili cates,-etc. It includes terms as China Clay, Diatomaceous Silica, Diatomaceous Earth, Kaolin, Mica, Porcelain, Clay, Pyrophyllite & Talc.) & j itaniurn Calcium (ASTM Titanium Dioxide Pigments) # Titanium Dioxide (ASTM grades, if do not conform, declare as "Titanium Dioxide Pigment (XX%-.TiOg A'fl- * ^These pigments may not be referred to as "White Lead". aiiKureeiiSEiOiipiW2s? 0. u 1 <-- III r- . Cd CM CM .-* O) 03 * i C i i ' r I i i c3 i tr*c<tiuu' ' : I I I III; M > M H .M H - t -- i-- CM I ! I I I *X. UUO I II I -- f- r-- r-- ro V ID IS r I III I r I *-- <Vl * ca o o o o i < I l i i i | i C3 Cl : :5 -* 5 *- >* : i_ o; ca > <U $. *u ' M>Jn=) ca n 3 O s *3 CC 3 *0 X 1 -OO' j cx o: !- k. A* C C e v. i/i *a *a ra ra <- -- fl3 rt3 O *r- co s: cc i- t~ M -C -- -- L' n o o S r <C <<CQCOUU *ra- eo Of ra 1 q -o-OV icuov.ti.'! aO;J o c .1 .u.. uQ_Ouc: co O i~ T3 d V-- ra ra ^toCoi-<Un03J05pA3 VA <u ci ra _j Ci j s - C. c j -iJ _u: ^ 4J*a-^ *<s ' r. r> ^ 5- T3 ca a: e ra <0 <0 B3 5 S CTJ-O C >y coeooocD.a '!) j -ji do r-- -P- -r- <(3 0 f-*<-- <0 _C J0 .c *3 > ro rtj fc: '3 ^ k O O 3 U m-a 23 *- *j A3 r--^ t- J- a>*o "o *c j *0 O O n -- rr- r-- (/l C O u CU; C Xh j -j*w *pzraz&O 1a9 -. <a*. c4c1 cc1J aC'>: o<sU 2S, x x: - u E +- <a 1-- J3 <0 U jC wr0a3 r3ea: x: o t ec rs 11 1 . >> *-* co in ca vo 1 1ti v 1 --* 1 5 > -:> ... . --I fc-H > *-4 X <OOh < I l t -* ^ 3 X X *-< > Cl OJ3-T3 4* T>- <0 ^-Ol I I * CM I I I i p-ra1 1--<--1-- n-. ca I I 11 I t O r- I 1 t 1 I 1 O <:<*< C ' I i <C C ca CQ - I I l l 1 4 >- I 1 1 1 ' W |~4 04 *- I > ++ *-* -* >-1 *-* *- *"* -* > 1 Cl ra ca" 0 ca r-- ra. ai c> ca o_ --_ _c +o- aai ra rr~a ca i :aiQ -q a c- o c.- o -- . 3 a d_ ra x: i* ca i <- -ra ra o> c <-* C 3 r- cu k ue c oj ra ra - cr -* e x: ra <- -- -- rka <v1p.-->* %ra. 40- iy<- c >-*, *j0 o o 3tj t-t- <--* va- ok N N'n.w' U >' cr o l. cl " .t" * *- ri*Cr<, (cci> aon.u*>>u, 'r-Oa -cuMo i'i.oic:.ra;>-:rraai..toi;i;r+aa* r^u_ ><o- IS 1 e> rraa 3<* c t- <-- (U O 03 CI o .St x. m*j c c U) C U. Cc - o. era 00 ra c j1--' w- O Cl ra l- e ra iu w< jT *-j c *u 1-1 ra o v 1- C u e ra cn u a} ' ra >- t e >- a> < -- -- -ra U |J O' o 1 *-* c t; > ra - ra c -r- -- *o *o cj e * * ra/ra e *-* o ra -* Q * : .e l vo c a mo -- N < C < c - C e * OA.aU'K*^- m u c m t- ra ra 3 *1 m\ 073V 1( . CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC COLORS OR PIGMENTS nitrous acid. Pigment made from Nitroso-b-naphthol reacted with iron salts and with or without precipitation on a suitable base such as Alumina Hydrate. (Pigment Green ti), NITRO GROUP1- (-NO?) group present. No apparent cnromophore group aside from the nitro group itself. However, there is probably an equilibrium between the nitro and orthoquinonoid struct ture with the latter being primarily responsible for the" color; Pigment; made by nitrating l-Naphthol-2, 4, 7-tri-sulfonic acid precipitated on a suitable base as. alumina hydrate with a solution of BaClg. (Naphthol Yellow S) . - AZOGROUP - (-N=N-) "aza" group present. Fundamentally formed by the coupling of a diazonium salt with a phenolic or an amino compound. A. The -Pigment Type - Insoluble on formation and contains no salt forming groups, \ ' 1. No Other distinguishing characteristics except as foilows: a. Made by coupling diazotized m-nito-p-toluidine with alkaline b-Naphthol. (Toluidine Red) b. Made by. coupling diazotized p-Nitroaniline with alkaline b-Naphthol. (Para Red) c. Made by coupling diazotized p-Nitroanlline with alkaline b-Naphthol and treating with copper salts. (Para Brown) d. Made by coupling diazotized 2, 4-Dinitroaniline with b-Naphthol. (Dinitroanilfne ' ' Orange or Permanent Orange) . . ' 1 e. Made by coupling diazotized o-chloro-p-nitroanillne with b-Naphthol. (Chlorinated Parani tramline) V f. Made by coupling diazotized o-nitroaniline with b-Naphthol. (Orthonltroaniline Orange) , 2. Distinguished in that they are formed from a diazonium salt and Narhthol AS compounds or Its homologues. tfanhthcl AS compounds and its hcmclcnues are these formed by ,I reaction of b-hydrexy naphthoic acid and an aryl anine. a. Made by coupling diazotized m-nitro-p-toluidine & the m-nitroanilide of' b-hydroxy naphthoic acid. (Toluidine Maroon) b. All compounds under III-A-2 except III-A-2-a, (Arylide Red & Arylide Maroon)- 3. Distinguished in that they are formed from a diazonium salt & Acetoacetic Arylides. ' Acetoacetic Arylies are formed from an-amino compound and acetoacetic ester. a. Made by coupling diazotized m-nitro-p-toluidine with acetoacetani11de. (Hansa . : Yellow G) b. Made by coupling diazotized p-chloro-o-nitroaniline with acetoacetanilide. (Hansa Yellow 3G) i i c. Made by coupling diazotized o-nitroaniline with acetoacetaniTide. (Hansa Yellow 5G) d. Made by coupling diazotized p-chloro-o-nitroaniline with acetoacet-o-chlorcaniTide. -(Hansa Yellow 106) s' -1 e. Made by coupling tetrazo compounds of benzidine derivatives with acetoacetanilide or its derivatives. (Benzidine Yellow) f. Made by coupling diazotized o-tolidine and acetoacetic ester, (Tolidlne Yellow) 4. Distinguished by the presence, of the pyrazolone.ring structure. .j (Hansa Yellow R? b. Made by coupling o-toluidine with l-pheny1-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone. (Chrome Yellow LI. c. Made by coupling cichlorobenzidine with Phenyl Methyl Pyrazolone,. (Benzidine Orange) The Soluble Azo Type - Usually contains a sulfonic acid group making the dyestuff soluble & permitting conversion to the insoluble heavy metal salt. Usually precipitated on a suitable base as alumina hydrate with solution of BaClg. .j If s 1. . No: Other distinguishing characteristics except as follows: a. Made hy cbupling diazotized Sulfanilic Acid with b-naph'thol. : (Persian Orange) b, Made by coupling diazotized in-xylidine .with 2-naphthol-3, 6-disulfoniC acid. 1 : . V (Scarlet take) . !, :c.: - Made by; coupling diazotized a-naphthylaniine with .2-riaphthbl-3'6-disu7fonic \ :: acid.. (Azo1,Bordeaux) '. di Made by coupling diazotized anthranilic acid with 2-naphthol-3-6-disulfonic acid. (Pigment Scarlet) f e. Made by coupling diazotized naththionic acid with 2-naphthol-3-6-disulfonic . ' aci d. (Amaranth Maroon) f. Made/by: coupling diazotized aniline with :l-p-suipho-phenyl-3-carboxy-5- pyrazolone. (Tartrazirte Yellow) 2. Distinguished in that the dyestuff is. an Anthosine type made by coupling diazo com pounds with cichlorobenzoyl-K-acid. K-acidis: l-amino-8-naphtho1-4, 6-disulfonic acid. (Anthosine Red) C. The Diffici(llJy Soluble Azoty1,'Soluble Azo Type - Usually contains a sulfonic acid group which, although the sodium szft of, the rive is difficultly soluble, may be converted into a heavy metal salt making! the group very insoluble to organic solvents & oils. The lithols It others in this group may be resinated or unresinated. Most of the pigments are in the form of the Barium, Calcium, Strontium, Lead, Manganese, or Nickel products. . 1. Made by coupling diazotized 2-naphthylaniine-l-sulfonfc acid with b-naphthol. (Lithol Red or Lithol Maroon) 2. Made by coupling diazotized p-toluidine-m-sulfonic acid with b-hydroxy naphthoic acid. (Lithol Rubine) 3. Made by coupling diazotized 2-chloro-5-toluidine-4-sulfonic acid with 2-naphthol. . (Red Lake C) 4. Made by coupling diazotized Anthranilic acid with b-naphthol. (Red Lake D) . 5. Made by coupling diazotized a-naphthylanine with l-naphthol-5-sulfonic acid. (Hello .. Bordeaux) - ---------------------------- ---------------- 6. Made bv coupling diazotized p-nitrcaniline-o-sulfonic acid with b-naphthol. (Red Lake P) . . _ - ^ : ' . 7. Made by coupling diazotized aniline with b-hydroxy naphthoic acid. (Red Lake R) 8. Made by azo coupling of various aromatic amines with b-hydroxynaphthoic acid other than III-C-2, & III-C-7. (BON Red & BON Maroon) ; 9. Nickel complexes of azo compounds with pyridine or Its derivatives as part of the color producing structure. (Azo Nickel Yellow) 1 IV. BASIC DYE GROUP - This group is characterized by the treatment of various Basic Dyes (fugitive to light) with Phosphotungstic, Phosphoroolybdic, or phosphotungstomolybdic acids to make, permanent toners and lakes. The basic dyes are synthetic organic coloring matters with amino or substituted amino groups present. . A. Tri phony line thane Class - ... 1. Made from dimethyl aniline and benzaldehyde. Usually found in the oxalate form. (Malachi te `Green) - 2. Made from o-chlorobenzaldehyde ;& dimethylaniline. (Rhoduline Blue 6G) 3. Made from 'diethyl aniline A benzaldehyde. (Brilliant Green) 4. Made by heating aniline, o-toluidine, p-toluidine, & their hydrochlorides in nitro- ; benzene with iron & zinc chloride. Not a chemical individual. (Fuchsine) 5. Made from 2, 5-dichlorobenzaldehyde with mono-methyl-o-toluidine. (Glacier Blue) ; 6.. Formed in the oxidation of dimethylaniline with Cupric chloride in a mixture of dimethylaniline, phenol, Sodium chloride & Copper Sulfate. (Methyl Violet) / 7. Chiefly a mixture of the hydrochlorides of benzyl-pentamethyl-pararosaniline & hexamethyl-pararonsaniline. (Benzyl Violet) 8. Formed In the reaction of the dichloride of Michler's Ketone with dimethylaniline. (Crystal Violet) EPI 000/41 9. Formed in. the reaction of Hichlcr's Ketone with:pheny1-a-naphthy1amine. (Victoria Bine & Victoria Green), : 10. Formed in the reaction of tetraethyl-diamino-benzo-phenone with phenyi-a-rtaphthylamine. (Victoria Pure Blue : ., B. ..Xahthenb Class 1. Formed: in the reaction of Diathyl-m-amihophenol with phthal 1c anhydride. (Rhodamine B) 2. Formed in the reaction of mono-ethyl-m-aininophenol with phthalic anhydride & then reacting with ehtyl alcohol. (Rhodamine 6G) C. ' Thiazir.e Class. ' 1. Formed: by heating p-toluidine with sulphur in the presence of lead oxide at.high temperature. (Thioflavin) YP ACID DYE GROUP - Hade from dyestuffs largely of. the di- & tri-phenylmethane classes. Contains amno or substituted amino groups & sulfonic acid groups. (Host contain more than one sulfonic acid group.) A. Made by condensing benzaldehyde with n-benzyl-n-ethyl aniline & then sulfonating and inade into a lake. (Acid Green Lake) B. Hade by condensing benzaldehyde-O-sulfonic acid with n-benzyl-n-ethylaniline & then sul fonating, oxidizing & converting to the ammonium salt and made into a lake. (Peacock Blue Lake) VI. INDIGOID GROUP - Bear a structure similar to indigo. The nitrogens in the indigoid structure replaced by sulphur. (Thioindlgo Toner) VII. XANTHINE DYE GROUP - Characterized by the Quinonoid structure. A. Acid Type - Made by brominating the condensation reaction between phthalic anhydrice & resorcinol (Eosin Dye) 8 ppt. on Alumina hydrate with Lead Nitrate. (Eosin Lake) . . B. Quinoline Type - Hade from reaction of quinaldine with phthalic anhydride, addition of sulfonic acid group, & precipitation as the Barium Lake. (Quinoline Yellow Lake) VIXT. AHTHRA''UIKO IE '".PIP - Character ee1' by the '.nfJiraqu'inone structure. A. 'Ion-Complex Quinones - (Consists of only Are rrlecule of anthraquinone or its derivatives.) ` Hade from 2-anthraquinoesulfonic acid by fusion with caustic soda. Metallic salts give various colors. (Alizarine or Madder Red & Blue) B Complex Ring,Quinones - In roost cases consisting of 2 molecules of anthraquinone or its derivatives, linked together through nitrogen or carbon, 1. Made by heating a-amino-anthraqutnone with benzoyl-chloride. (Algol Yellow) 2. Made by the condensation of a-aminoanthraqoinone & b-chloroanthraquinone. (Indanthrene Orange) 3. Made by hoating b-aroinoanthraquinone or its derivatives with caustic potash. (Indanthrene Blue, Green, Violet) . . 4. Derived from Benzanthrone, (Anthraquinone Violet) . IX. PHTHALOCYANINE GROUP Based structually on tetra-benzo-tetra-aza-porphln. ' ".. . A. Made by the introduction of Copper into the basic structure in place of the internal , hydrogens attached to nitrogen, . . .. . B. Made by the introduction of chlorine into the benzene rings of Copper Phthalocyanine Blue. . (Copper Phthalocyanine Green) . C. Made by sulfonating the benzene rings of Copper Phthalocyanine Blue, (Copper Phthalocyanine Bluish-Green) ,. D. Mo metal introduced in place of the internal hydrogens. :(Phthalocyanine Blue) . . X. ~ MISCELLANEOUS 7 A. A mixture in varying amounts of an organic color and Iron Oxide with Barium Sulfate often added to obtain the correct shade. (Tuscan Rod) ... ' B'. Pigment of organic origin resulting from decomposition of vegetation, containing approxi mately 64% organic matter; 2fK water; & aluminum oxide, iron oxide, calcium oxide, and/.or alkali salts. (Van Dyke Brown) C. A spirit soluble aniline blue-black dye. (Migrosine) EPI ,000742