Document 5L4jwy46LEJ7ZJGLaGoke9N1R

FILE NAME: National Safety Council (NSC) DATE: 1985 Nov 27 DOC#: NSC231 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Barry Castleman Notes & Excerpts from BC's Book V> MEMO TO: FROM: DATE: RE: EDWARD J. WESTBROOK ANN KIMMEL 0 ^ AND DANIEL A. SPEIGHTS NOVEMBER 27, 1985 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL (NSC) I have enclosed excerpts from Barry Castleman's book dealing with this association. I have also discussed the "Transactions" microfilm with him. According to Barry and the inside cover of each volume, all industrial members received copies of the transactions. USG and NG were both members per their interrogatory responses, thus I believe all "smoking" excerpts should be used against them. Barry already reviewed them, excerpts are referred to on page 482-483 of his book. He believes it could be done more thoroughly. I reviewed 1931-1932 and 1941-1942. The memo relating to that is attached. Ed has the years 1933-1940. I will work on the reels post-1942 as I have time. Note: I could not copy on the machine I used and will make arrangements to have copies made "Ss soon as possible. its entirety. The next article titled "Clinical and Statistical Aspects of Silicosis" by Alfred E. Russell, Md. U. S. Public Health Service, should also be copied. The next article called "Methods of Control Dust Industry and Protection of the Worker" by Theodore Hatch at Harvard should also be copied on page 60. The next article begins on page 65 and it is called "Methods of Protecting the Worker Against Dust Inhalation" by Phillip Drinker. Drinker discusses respirators. Next there was a general discussion. Some participating were Dr. Pancoast, Dr. Russell, Dr. McConnel, R. J. Knudson, John Roache, Dr. Cunningham of Ontario, Dr. Leal of Public Health Service and Dr. Drinker. That should be copied. That is the end of that reel. The next reel is marked reil no. 16 1941-1942 Congress Transactions, and includes the transaction of the 30th National Safety Congress General Subject and Industrial Sessions, Chicago, October 6-10, 1941 copyright 1941. It notes W. A. Hazard being in the construction section and Dr. T. Lyall Hazelett of Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company being on the executive committee. In a section called "Industrial Health" on page 152 there is an article called the "Essentials of Health in the Industrial Environment" by Myron A. Snell, Hartford Insurance Company, under section on dust on page 153. He states that "dust containing sufficient percentages of free silica and asbestos cause diseases known as silicosis and asbestosis inhaled in sizes below 10 microns is sufficient high concentrations over a great enough period of times." It also notes the tlv for dust in California as being 5,000,000 particles per cubic foot. That article should be copied. The next section is called the 31st National Safety Congress General Industrial Sections October 27-29, 1942. Chicago, IL. On page 55 begins the session called "Dust, Fumes, Gases and Vapors". On page 58 is an article called "Dust and Toxic Atmosphere" by Bernz which discusses asbestos and should be copied. On page 98 is an article on "Welding Health Aspects" which begins on page 97. There is a mention of lung cancer in welders. This should be copied. It list asbestos as a potential hazard. This is the end of that reel. National Safety Council Congress Transactions No. 12 1931-1932 20th annual meeting, transactions 1931, held on October 12-16, 1931 Chicago, Illinois. Copyright 1932. On page 23 at the annual meeting I note that the newly organized advisory committee of the National Safety Council included Mr. Sewell Avery, president of U. S. Gypsum Company in Chicago, Paul Schuh, president of Southern Pacific Railway, among others. The reference to Mr. Avery is about on the 4th page of the transaction on the microfilm and should be copied. On page 154 there is a reference to cancer "shortly, we will be concerned with cancer, degenerative diseases of middle age and beyond and mental and personality disorders. Cancer can be eliminated from this discussion since no one knows what is the way out. So far as we know, the way out for degenerative diseases and mental and personality disorders, lies only through training." This page should be copied. Page 505 I see that R. E. Covil of USG was elected to the executive committee for 1932. He was the manager of the insurance division and gave a talk which began on page 517 called "The Foreman's" viewpoint of accident prevention. He states "we have found that the measure of injuries is the cost-it eliminates theory and personal opinion-and when put before the foreman and the regular operating meetings gives them a practical measure of his accomplishments." I noted that on page 785 Arthur Barlow of Armstrong Cork Company of Lancaster, Pennsylvania was an officer on the executive committee of the textile section for the year 193 0 to 1931. (Found on page 806 called "Textile Section Statistics"). There is nothing in the article specific to asbestos. Also contained on this reel is the 1932 transaction which is copyright in 1933, the meeting was held October 3-7, 1932 in Washington, DC. On page 29 of that volume is an article called "Dust and Engineering Problems" by Leonard Greenburg, at Yale University in New Haven. He lists silica as a dust hazard and discusses protective measures including ventilation and respirators. References to white lead industry, carboruntum, sandstone, quartz, silica and gold mining. There is no mention of asbestos. There was a section at this meeting called the "industrial health section", the vice chairman was Dr. T. Lyall Hazlett of Westinghouse Electric Company, East Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. On page 50 at the October 4, 1932 session a paper titled the "Effects of Inhaled Mineral Dust by Leroy U. Gardner", Saranac Labs, is presented. He was held with a joint session with the metal section. This article should be copied in its entirety. It discusses the role of asbestos dust as an exciter of tuberculosis. Has a section on page 52 called "asbestos dust, perhaps because of its fiber structure is not transported very far in the lung. It tends to lodge along the walls of the finer tubes and little of it is removed by the lymphatic drainage system. Tissue reaction, probably initiated by the solution of the fibers, occurs in their immediate vicinity. As in the case of silica this reaction consists of an overgrowth of the connective tissues which is later transformed into lung scars." The next article titled "The Dust Content of the Atmosphere in Various Industries" by J. J. Bloomfield should also be copied in Table 5. Some Articles Noting Disease/Risk in Insulation Workers and Other Asbestos Product Users Table 5. Some Articles No Workers and Other Asbest Merewether, E.R.A. A Memorandum on Asbestosis. Tubercle 15: 69-81 Hardy, H.L. Occupational Medicine. (1933). Lung Cancer. Safety Maint. Prod. 10- Asbestos. Indust. Bull. 13: 95 (1934). Portigliatti-Barbos, M. Consideratioi Lanza, A.J. Dust Diseases as They Affect the Construction Industry. Trans. tosis and Pulmonary Carcinoma 25th Nat. Safety Cong., Chicago: Nat. Safety Council, 1936, pp. 244-246. McLaughlin, I.A.G. The Dust Dis' Sappington, C.O. Banish the Dust Hazard. Mill and Factory 18: 69-71, Health 12: 83-98 (1955). 150-152 (1936). Gardiner) J.F. Occupational Disease Merewether, E.R.A. Dusts and the Lungs. Industrial Medicine Symposium 40: 285-289 (1955). No. 3 Medical Press and Circular Supplement pp. 11-17 (July 20, 1938). Pabst, A.C. The Expanding Field o Brown, E.W. Industrial Hygiene and the Navy in National Defense. Air 71: 20-21, 103-111 (April, 1955). Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc. Fifth Annual Meeting of Members, ------------------. Industrial Hygiene in 77-84 (Nov. 12-13, 1940). E-2 to E-8 (May, 1955). Hueper, W.C. Occupational Tumors and Allied Diseases Springfield, III.: C. Thomas Publ., 1942, pp. 399-405. i Hueper, W.C. A Quest into the Env Public Health Monograph No. Dublin, L.I. and R.J. Vane. Occupation Hazards and Diagnostic Signs. Bull. Publication No. 452, 1955, pp. No. 41, U.S. Dept, of Labor Standards, 1942, p. 25. Francia, A. and G. Monarca. A: Gramer, J. Health Injuries in Electro-welders. Arch. Gewerbepath. Gewer- Minerva Med. 47: 1950-1959 (195 behyg. 11: 644-685 (1942). Abstract in Bull. Hyg. 18: 847-848 (1943); Thomas, D.L.G. Pneumokoniosis in reprinted in Pneumoconiosis Abstracts II: 327-328 (1954). 75-77 (1957). Minimum Requirements for Safety and Industrial Health in Contract The Protection of Workers against Occu Shipyards. Indust. Med. Surg. 12: 259-263 (1943). Chemical Industries Committe Homburger, F. The Coincidence of Primary Carcinoma of the Lungs and Agenda, International Labour C j Pulmonary Asbestosis. Amer. J. Path. 19: 797-807 (1943). Asbestos Industry Regulations, 1931 it Lawrence, W.E. Fume Control in Shipyards. Nat. Safety News (1944), April, Factories for the Year 1956. Lon ( pp. 16-17, 90-92, and, Trans. 32nd Nat. Safety Cong., 1943, pp. 141-145. tI 401-404. Gough, J. Discussion. Proceedings of Hutchinson, F.W. Dust as an Industrial Health Hazard. Heating and Ven University of Witwatersand,}oham f tilating 41: 57-61 (1944). tein), Boston: Little, Brown & > 1 Alden, H.S. and W.H. Howell. The Asbestos Corn. Arch. Dermatol. Syphil Schepers, G.W.H. Pneumoconiosis. 49: 312-314 (1944). Occupational Health Hazards Release Annual Report of the Chief Inspector of Factories for the Year 1945 London: Occupational Health Hazards Release H.M. Stationery Ofc., 1946, pp. 13-14. Meyer, W.H. and F.W. Church. In< Drinker, P. Health and Safety in Contract Shipyards During The War. Operations in a Petroleum Refi Occup. Med. .3: 335-343 (1947). Hueper, W.C. Carcinogens in the Asbestos Dust. Safety Review 4: 13 (1947). U.S. Navy. I r. 237-267 (1961). Brahdy, L. Discussion. Dis. Chest. 14: 885-888 (1948). Hurwitz, M. Roentgenologic Aspe (Editorial) Asbestosis and Cancer of the Lung. f.A .M .A . 140: 1219-1220 256-262 (1961). (1949). Asbestos Regulations. Annual Report of the Chief Inspector of Factories for the Year 1949, London: H.M. Stationery Ofc., 1951, pp. 144-146. Sroka, K.H. Occupational Dise__a caused by Asbestos. Krebsarzt 7: 167-171 (1952). Sheinbaum, M. Some Health H. Trades. Amer. Industr. Hyg. As: Working Conditions and Safety in : Trades Committee, Seventh SeV pp. 85-86. 480 Asbestos: Medical and Legal Aspects identified in the minutes). This organization has published position papers in recent years on asbestos-cement products and asbestos waste disposal, etc. Quebec Asbestos Mining Association--Files (1931 to date) are retained in Quebec, Quebec: access to these records has so far been blocked. QAMA's library and research arm since 1966, the Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, has been a source of some useful reports: the Wheatley report (see "Other Events of 1930" in Chapter 1); Metropolitan Life's report on the King Mine (see "'Asbestos Corporation, Ltd." in Chapter 9); and fine transla tions of early medical articles on asbestos from non-English jour nals. In 1982, resources of this institute were combined with others to create the Canadian Asbestos Information Centre, now located in Montreal and involving participation by the government of Can ada. Other trade groups of asbestos manufacturers include: As bestos Cement Products Association and its successor since 1973, A-C Pipe Producers Association; Friction Material Standards Institute (1949-present); Asbestos Information Association/North America (1966-present). Others that exited decades ago include: Asbestos Paper Manufacturers Associa tion Asbestos Brake Lining Association, and Magnesia In sulation Manufacturers Association. In the United Kingdom, there is the Thermal Insulation M anufacturers Association, which requested 70 copies of the Factory Inspectorate's warning about asbestosis dangers in ship repair yards in 1945. (See Table 8 in Chapter 5.) In West Germany, the Asbestos Trade Association has been formed in recent years. And around the world, there is one called the South Pacific Asbestos Association which has been in existence since- 1979. Also of interest are industry organizations not centered on asbestos but dealing with occupational health hazards gener ally. These include the National Safety Council and the Chemical Manufacturers Association. National Safety Council-The National Safety Council was set up in 1912 as management's response to the industrial safety issue, with dical and Legal Aspects i has published position c products and asbestos * 131 to date) are retained cords has so far been -$ since 1966, the Institute N* r, has been a source of (see "Other Events of 4 sport on the King Mine pter 9); and fine transla- from non-English jour- re combined with others 'S ion Centre, now located the government of Can- ufacturers include: As- rnd its successor since ion; Friction Material bestos Information As- < \t). Others that exited Manufacturers Associa- ion, and Magnesia In- the Thermal Insulation juested 7Q_copies of the t asbestosis dangers in 3 in Chapter 5.) In West iation has been formed >rld, there is one called ion which has been in izations not centered on al health hazards generiafety Council and the ety Council was set up in ndustrial safety issue, with Historical Research on Toxic Substances 481 its associated problems of disability compensation and labor unrest. (Dan Berman. Death on the Job New York: Monthly Review Press, 1978.) Among the Council's publications dealing with asbestos were: General Classification of Respiratory Devices. "The Industrial Super visor" (July 15, 1936), pp. 12-13. Describes the three main types of respirators, including Type A for pneumoconiosis-producing dusts including asbestos. Compounding Materials Used in the Rubber Industry. Industrial Safety Series No. RU-3 (1938). Notes that asbestos was used in packing and gasket rubber products. "Suitable exhaust systems or respira tory protective equipment are usually needed to prevent the inha lation of dust by the workers." W.E. Lawrence. "Fume Control in Shipyards." Nat. Safety News (April, 1944), pp. 16-17, 90-92. Notes that a water-repellent asbes tos insulation had become available, for ship work. "For protection against dust or possible asbestosis, it is recommended that such material be dampened wherever possible, and that dust respirators be worn in addition to the provision of special ventilation. Periodic medical examination of those exposed is also necessary." National Safety News, the main periodical of the National Safety Council since 1919, ran a num ber of articles; dealing w ith asbestosis in the 1930s (C.O. Sappington, "Industrial H ealth," 46 and 76-77, May, 1931; C.O. Sappington, "Are All Dusts H azardous?" 18-20, Feb. 1932; L.U. Gardner, "Inhaled Mineral D usts," 34-36. Jan. 1933; A.S. Johnson, "N o Half Way M easures in D ust Control," 17-18 and 48-51, Sept. 1935; R.B. H unt, "Lesser Known Facts about Occupational Dis eases," 34-38, Nov. 1936; H.B. Meller, "Air Contaminants that Affect H ealth," 43-46, Dec. 1936; R.R. Sayers, "Dusts That H arm ," 51-52 and 82-84, Jan 1938; J.M. Roche, "Settling the D ust Problem ," 18-19 and 72-74, May, 1939). The National Safety Council held annual congresses, and the published "transactions" of these meetings were auto matically mailed to the industrial members of the Council. (At the time of writing, N.S.C. has refused to provide his toric membership lists, claiming they are privileged. A court > o t dical and Legal Aspects :l i has published position t products and asbestos t31 to date) are retained cords has so iar been -S since 1966, the Institute 3f i, has been a source of (see "Other Events of 4 eport on the King Mine pter 9); and fine transla- from non-English jour- m re combined with others ion Centre, now located -a the government of Can- ufacturers include: As- in d its successor since don; Friction Material bestos Information As- S. rt). Others that exited Manufacturers Associaion, and Magnesia In- 4: the Thermal Insulation juested 70_copies of the t asbestosis dangers in 3 in Chapter 5.) In West dation has been formed >rld, there is one called ion which has been in izations not centered on al health hazards gener3afety Council and the :ety Council was set up in ndustrial safety issue, with Vf, .if i 1 f- Historical Research on Toxic Substances . , v r 481 -fj 3 "i I its associated problems of disability compensation and labor unrest. (Dan Berman. Death on the Job New York: Monthly Review Ptess, 1978.); Among' the Council's publications dealing with asbestos were:* hd' 4 - General Classification of Respiratory Devices. "The Industrial Super visor" (July 15>'jj936), pp. 12-13. Describes ythe- thfee main types of respirators, including Type A for pneumocbniosis-pi oduci ng dusts including asbestos. Compounding Materials Used in the Rubber Industry. Industrial Safety Series No. RU-3 (1938). Notes that asbestos was used in packing and gasket rubber products. "Suitable exhaust systems or respira tory protective equipment are usually needed to prevent the inha lation of dust by the-workers." W.E. Lawrence. "Fume Control in Shipyards." Nat. Safety News (April, 1944), pp. 16-17, 90-92. Notes that,a water-repellent asbes tos insulation had become availableJo r ship work. "For protection against dust or possible asbestosis, it is `recommended that such material be dampened wherever possible, and that dust respirators be worn in addition to the provision of special ventilation. Periodic medical examination of those exposed is also necessary." National Safety News, the main periodical of the National Safety Council since 1919, ran a num ber of articles dealing w ith asbestosis in the 1930s (C.O. Sappington, "Industrial H ealth," 46 and 76-77, May, 1931; C.O. Sappington, "Are All Dusts H azardous?" 18-20, Feb. 1932; L.U. G ardner, "Inhaled Mineral D usts," 34-36. Jan. 1933; A.S. Johnson, "N o Half Way M easures in Dust Control," 17-18 and 48-51, Sept. 1935; R.B. H unt, "Lesser Known Facts about Occupational Dis eases," 34-38, Nov. 1936; H.B. Meller, "Air Contaminants that Affect H ealth," 43-46, Dec. 1936; R.R. Sayers, "D usts That H arm ," 51-52 and 82-84, Jan 1938; J.M. Roche, "Settling the Dust Problem ," 18-19 and 72-74, May, 1939). The National Safety Council held annual congresses, and the published "transactions" of these meetings were auto matically mailed to the industrial members of the Council. (At the time of writing, N.S.C. has refused to provide his toric membership lists, claiming they are privileged. A court 482 Asbestos: Medical and Legal Aspects order is being sought to obtain cooperation on this point.) Leading figures in industrial medicine and hygiene made presentations at the annual congresses. Some examples from the 1930s that relate especially to asbestos are: Dr. >Leroy Gardner of the Saranac laboratory described the lung tissue response to asbestos in 1932 and again in 1934. In the latter he acknowledged that asbestos was "generally recognized as a cause of severe pulmonary injury." Asbestos hazards received passing mention in discussions by: W.S. Ash of U.S. Tire Com pany, on dust problems in the rubber industry (1934); R.R. Sayers of the Public Health Service, on dust disease investigations of the Service (1934); Liberty Mutual experts on exhaust ventilation sys tems (1934); F.R. Jones, insurance executive, on workers' compen sation (1935); and E. Mayer of New York, on dust diseases (1935). Dr. R.B. Hunt, Medical Advisor to American Mutual Liability In surance Company, described asbestos work as offering "another type of dust which may cause fatalities among workers." He also talked about metals, benzene, and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Hunt concluded with an urgent plea for employers to demand more information from the manufacturers of products they used regard ing health hazards: "The manufacturer should be held responsible for the ills produced by his product and unless he can guarantee its safety, it has no place in industry." (1936) Dr. A.J. Lanza of Metropolitan Life presented a paper called "Dust Diseases as They Affect the Construction Industry." He said, "(In) construction material, asbestos is usually combined with other sub stances which, by reducing the amount of asbestos in the dust, tend to mitigate the hazard." He described asbestosis. Asbestosis was also mentioned in a paper on dust control by the managing director of the newly formed Air Hygiene Foundation of America, Incorporated, H.B. Meller (1936). Papers on industrial dust hazards and control were presented by Dr. R.R. Sayers (U.S. Public Health Service), A.S. Johnson (American Mutual Liability Insurance Co.), A.D. Lazenby (Maryland Casualty Co.), and R.C. Starr (U.S. De partment of Labor), at the National Safety Congress of 1937. Henry Sayer offered an insurance executive's view on occupational disease compensation, remarking that liability for dust diseases was a mailer of great controversy. He mentioned asbestosis and noted n cooperation on this point.) 11 medicine and hygiene made l| igresses. Some examples from to asbestos are: fti, ic laboratory described the lung l and again in 1934. In the latter | | vas "generally recognized as a m ry." Asbestos hazards received 'W v: W.S. Ash of U.S. Tire Com- )ber industry (1934); R.R. Sayers *' ust disease investigations of the >erts on exhaust ventilation sys- executive, on workers' compen- v York, on dust diseases (1935). 'r o American'Mutual Liability In- stos work as offering "another ilities among workers." He also chlorinated hydrocarbons. Hunt - ar employers to demand more s of products they used regard- urer should be held responsible and unless he can guarantee its " _{1936) presented n paper called "Dust action Industry." He said, "(In) ually combined with other subnount of asbestos in the dust, tescribed asbestosis. Asbestosis dust control by the managing lygiene Foundation of America, pers on industrial dust hazards R.R. Sayers (U.S. Public Health Tutual Liability Insurance Co.), Co.), and R.C. Starr (U.S. De- Safety Congress of 1937. <ecutive's view on occupational it liability for dust diseases was lentioned asbestosis and noted that fibrosis of the lungs was permanent and incurable. Dr. Carey McCord criticized the widespread practice of selling products by trade .names without any indication of their hazardous ingredients (1938). A panel on occupational disease control included W.G. Hazard of Owens-Illinois and Dr. O.A. Sander. Medical sur veillance, exhaust ventilation, and respiratory protection were among the subjects discussed (1939). The Chemical Manufacturers Association and Others--The main trade group of the chemical industry is the Chemical Manufacturers As sociation (CMA) in Washington, until recently called the Manufac turing Chemists Association. This group issued Manual L-l (a guide for the Preparation of Warning Labels for Hazardous Chemi cals) in 1945 and revised it over the years. The label advised for harmful dusts (1946) read, "Caution! Harmful Dust/Avoid repeated breathing or skin contact. Wash thoroughly before eating or smok ing. Keep away from food or food products." In recent years, U.S. chemical manufacturers have formed in creasingly specialized groups to deal with Congress and the federal regulatory agencies. Some new groups form as ad hoc committees and others as permanent units under the umbrellas of established trade groups. The Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturers As sociation has 10 new groups to deal with specific interests (e.g., the Nitrobenzene Association), and the Society for the Plastics Industry claims 25 (e.g., the Vinyl Institute). .At the same time, other new trade groups are being formed independently (e.g.', the Poly urethane Foam Association). This proliferation of narrowly focused manufacturers' associations will continue. The concerns shared and the actions taken by such groups are indicative of what member firms know about the hazards of their products and processes. Chemical Industry Associations Acrylonitrile Group Adhesive Manufacturers Association Adhesive and Sealant Council American Coke and Coal Chemicals Institute American Industrial Health Council American Petroleum Institute (continued)