Document 5DE4mjmpBpqakM6ZY7dZvY318

38--Industrial Toxicology TABLE 38-A EXCRETORY AND BIOLOGIC THRESHOLD LIMITS Urinary TLV'9 should be used for Aniline Antimony Arsenic Arsine Benzene Boron trifluoride Calcium arsenate Chlonnated benzenes Cyanide Fluoride Hydrogen bromide Hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen selenide Lead arsenate Mercury Molybdenum Nickel Nickel carbonyl Nitrobenzene Nitrogen tnfluoride Parathion Selenium Selenium hexafluoride Stibine Suifuryi fluoride Tellunum Tellurium hexafluoride Thallium Uranium Zinc chloride Zinc oxide Blood TLVs are more applicable than excretory limits Cadmium dust Cadmium fume Lead Manganese Methyl bromide Blood and/or breath TLV's should be applicable Carbon monoxide Nitnc oxide Sulfur hexafluoride Breath analysis good for many Alcohols Aliphatic hydrocarbons Chlorohydrocarbons Ketones NOTE. Analysis of blood, breath, or urine samples can be done in conjunction with air analysis to determine if workers are in danger of injury or intoxication Ideally, such biologic or excretory threshold limits should correspond to the average levels found when workers are exposed to the atmospheric TLV Adapted from "Excretory and Biologic Threshold Limits/' by H B Elkins AIHA Journal, 28(4) 305-314 (July-Au gust 1967) like amount entered the body by any other channel of absorption, such as through the skin or the intestinal wall The harmful effects of deleterious materials are determined by the amount accumulated in the body--by the total dosage The number of milligrams of harmful matenal per kilogram of body weight determines the toxic effect produced This is often overlooked when ex pressing individual exposures only in terms of concentration (parts per million) in the air breathed and the length of time of exposure The amount in the inspired air is not neces sarily the amount absorbed According to H B Elkrns (see References), differences m particle size or solubility, which are practically impossible to measure ac curately, determine the fraction of inhaled 1112 impurity which is retained or absorbed The concentration in the air of parathion, or lead dust, may not be associated with intoxication, depending on whether or not there is oppor tunity for significant skin absorption or inges tion These are situations where air analyses are not adequate to precisely evaluate the peril of the hazard, since the amount absorbed can not be predicted from the data obtained by such determinations In such situations it is highly desirable to have other means of esti mating exposure With many substances this can be done by analyzing suitable biologic specimens or excretion products for the toxic agent or a metabolite derived therefrom (See Fig 38-1) The only biologic fluid finding much apph-