Document 5D6Q626qJoGJoDyXQkVbGvg5

:iti- Heating Ventilating Air Conditioning Guide 1957 Fuel oil (continued) viscosity, 354 weight per gallon, 356 Fumes, 4, 151 Furnace, furnaces, 4. 421 capacity, 423 casings, 425 cast iron, 423 design, 409, 426 efficiency, 426 duct, 399 fan, 422, 423 filters, 422 forced warm air, 422 gas-fired units, 397 grate area, -425 gravity warm air, 422, 434 beating surface, 424 heavy duty, 423 humidification equipment, 427 materials, 413, 428 mechanical warm air, 422 controls, 496 ' cooling methods, 503, 1204 dampers, 477 ducts, 478 fans, 422 filters, 422 method of designing, 426 motors, 422 ratings, 424 oil-fired units, 423 prime heating surface, 424 rating, 418, 424, 425 steel, 423 stoker-fired units, 380 types, 421 volume^ 4,352,386,389 warm air, 421 G Gage, gages . _ draft, 1224 pressure, 7,1223 sheet metal, 807, 808, 1109 Garage ventilation, 258 Gas, gases, 152, 158 appliance rating, 400 atmospheric, 152, 164 burner controls, 401 burners, 397 calorific value, 360, 361 central heating, 396 chimneys for heating, 448 classification of, 361 combustion of, 362 equipment, commercial, 402 equipment, industrial, 402 equipment ratings, 400 estimating consumption, 467 expansion factor, 81, 82 flammable, 157 flue, 370 analysis, 372 dew point, 376,1064 loss, 373, 375 heaters, 431 liquified petroleum, 359, 362 manufactured, 359, 361 mixed, 361 natural, 350-361 perfect relationship, 27 pipe size, 401 solubility, 1051 space heaters, 398, 431 wall heaters, 399 Gaseous fuels, 359 calorific value, 360, 361 classification of, 360, 361 combustion of, 362, 399 i maximum carbon dioxide values, 371 products of combustion, 366, 368. properties of, 360 specific gravity, 360 theoretical air requirements, 368, 370 typical analyses, 360 Gas-fired appliances, 396 boilers, 396 combustion process, 399 controls, 418 conversion burners, 397 furnaces, 397 * measurement of efficiency of combustion, 399 pipe size, 401 ratings for, 400 sizing heating plants, 401 space beaters, 398 Glass coefficient of transmission, 212 design tables, 311-320". heat absorbent, 314 shading of, 320 solar heat transmitted, 309; 316 window transmittance, 312 Glass block wails coefficient of transmission, 212 solar beat gain, 315-319 Globe thermometer, 1236 Graphical symbols for draw ings, 17-22 . air conditioning, 17, 21 duct work, 19 heating, 17, 18, 19 piping, 17 refrigerating, 21 ventilating, 19,20 Grate area, 4 Greek alphabet, 14 Grille, grilles (see register*), 476, 751, 766, 1006 air supply noises, 1006 attenuation, 1006, 1007 exhaust, 776 locations, 476, 770,`776 door, 777 - floor, 777 noises, 776, 1006 railway car, 1162 recirculating, 1163 return, 476, 976 velocity, 476, 755, 776 Ground temperatures, 274 Guarded hot plate, 1235 Gun type oil burners, 387 H Hangers, pipe, 690 Hartford return connection, 507, 533, 534 Hay fever symptoms, 144 . Hazards high temperature, 117, 137, . 1082 Health, 131 Heat, 5 area transmitting surface, 1193 auxiliary sources, 281,326 balance, 373 >. combustion, 344, 361, 367 cramps, 118 emission of appliances, 328 occupants, 120-122; 326 pipe coils, 592, 598 exchange measurements,' 114 flow resistance, .99 flow through glass, 212,309 flow through . roofs, 196-204, 301 flow through walls,. 184-192, 301 gain, 287 generated by motors, 327 umid, 5 infiltration equivalent, 323 XVI Heat (continued) instantaneous load, 295, 322 introduced by outside air, 323 lag, 740 latent, 5, 280, 287, 325, 326, 339 liquid, 6 loss, pipe, 698 mechanical equivalent of, 6,13 methods of, transfer, 89 radiant, 92, 95,96 ratio, sensible, 333 removal, natural ventilation, 247 sensible, 5, 279, 328 gain, 287, 326 loss, 279 specific, 5 stroke, 118 total, 5 transfer, 89, 184-200, 809, 1193 boiler rates, 409 convective, 3 overall coefficients, 169, 170, 181, 184-208, 892, 1193, 1194 surface coils, 888 symbols, 17{ 94,169 through building materials, 169 upper limits, 119 water coils, 1193,1194 Heat gain appliances, 327-329 ceilings, 323 components of, 287 ducts; 740. 809 electrical heating equipment, floors, 323 gas burning equipment, 330 gfess, 311-313 glass blocks, 315-319 infiltration, 323 instantaneous, 322 latent, 296, 324, 326 lights. 327 miscellaneous, 331 moisture, 331 occupants, 326 outside air, 325 partitions, 323 people, 120, 326 roof, 301, 304 sensible, 295. 324 shaded windows, 321 solar, 309 steam heated equipment,-328 various sources, 281, 331 ventilation, 323 wall, 301, 306 Heat loss air change, 278 bare pipe, 592, 698 basement, 275 computations, 261 calculated method, 261 crack method, 279 exposure factors, 281 factors of safety, 281 number of air. changes, 280 duct, 809 floor slab, 276 infiltration, 278 insulated pipe, 701 latent, 280 residence problems, 282 sensible, 279 through ceilings and roofs, 278. transmission, 169, 277 ceilings and roofs, 193-203 Heat pump, 898, 915, 916, 1035, 1199 Heat removal, 249 Heater, heaters blast,2 direct-fired unit, 637 electrio, 639, 641, 1028 gas, 431 I I i f* i i I I Index to Technical Data Section Heater, heaters (continued) design, 432 efficiency, 431 materials, 431 oil, 429 design, 431 materials, 430 rating, 430 testing, 430 " radiant, 399 . solar water, 1197 solid fuel, 428 design, 429 material, 428 rating, 428 testing, 428 space, 428 installation, 432 .. unit, 637, 1028 vertical blow unit, 638 Heating air conditioning units, 651 boilers, 407 surface, 9, 409 - coil selection, 887,888 comfort, 276 district, 717 effect, radiator, 593 electric, 1028 hot water, 1038 load, 261, 331, 414, 740 performance of coils, 891, 1193 reversed cycle refrigeration, 915 steam systems, 505- surface, 9 square foot of, 8 symbols for drawing, 17 the radiator, 595 vacuum systems, 10,505,512 vapor, 10, 510 warm air system, 10, 475 water, 547, 1187 Heavy duty fan furnace, 423 - High duty humidifiers, 869 High temperature hazards, 117, .137 High temperature systems, 579 - -boilers for, 584 circuits, 582 -- - control, 584 design, 581 economics, 581 fittings, 583, 584 fitting pressure loss, 583 fundamental principles,-679 general considerations, 579 insulation, 584 pipe, 584 .. pumps, 682 * storage effect, 585 ! Hood, hoods. 1097 Horsepower, boiler, 2 Hospital, hospitals air conditioning in, 131, 147 operating rooms, .138 air conditions, 139 reducing explosion hazard. 138 sterilization of air, 132 ventilation requirements. 140 ^ Hot water boiler supply load, 415,1187 coil surface, 1193 demand per fixture, 1178,1179, U90 , person, 1187,1188 electric heating, 1038 heat pump. 1199 heating surface, 1193 indirect heater, 1191 methods of heating, 1190 Panel heating, 597, 608 safety devices, 1196 service, 1177 sendre piping, 1194 solar heaters, 1197 storage tank, 1187 Hot water (continued) supply boilers, 408. 1190 piping, 1194 temperature control, 1195 Hot water heating systems, 3,547 circulation head, 547, 548 direct return system, 3 elbow equivalents, 556, 583~ expansion tank, 568 forced circulation, 547 friction heads, 548 gravity, 547 high temperature, 579 boilers, 585 circuits, 582 control, 584 design, 581 economics, 581 ` fundamental principles, 579 insulation, 584 pipe fittings, 584 pumps, 582 storage, 586 mechanical circulators, 567 one-pipe forced circulation, 560 pipe sizes, 551-557, 581 ' forced circulation, 551-557 piping design, 551, 581 relief valve, 579 reversed return system, 557 two-pipe, forced, 557 Human body acclimatization, 118 adaptation, 113, 118 cold condition, 115 hot conditions, 115 heat emission, 120 high temperature hazards, 117 metabolic rates, 113 odors, 113 temperature, 114 . thermal interchanges, 113 zone of evaporative regulation, 115 Humid heat, 5 Humidification, 5,655,855,857 control, 496/964 direct, 857 evaporative pans, 427 forced furnace systems, 496 Humidifier, humidifiers air washer, 857 atomizing, 859 cleaning, 427 evaporating pans, 427 high duty, 859 self-contained, 860 spray, 859 unit, 859 Humidistat, 5, 901 Humidity, 5 absolute, 5 control, 738, 964, 1164 influence of, 122.141 measurement of, 1232 nurseries for premature in fants, 140 ratio, 5, 25 relative, 5, 25 specific, 6 Hygrometers, 1233, 1234 Hygroscopic materials, 1128 Hygreetat, 5 Impulse trap, 538, 541 Inch of water, 5 Indoor temperature, 270,271,288 Induction units, 742 high pressure types, 743 low pressure types, 742 xvii Industrial air conditioning, 1117 chimneys, 435 degree days, 461 exhaust systems, 1097 Infiltration causes, 239 due to wind pressure, 240 heat losses, 278 latent, 280 sensible, 279 measurement, 1232 prevention by sealing, 246 temperature differences, 245 through outside doers, 241,243 through walls, 240 through windows, 241 Inflammability, 164 Instruments, 1219 Insulated constructions, 188,191. 193-207 Insulating materials, 187,697' calculating coefficients, 187, 189 - conductivities and conduct ances, 177, 178, 179 Insulation, 5,695 economical pipe thickness, 707, 709 - edge, 277 low temperature pipe, 710 pipe, 695 pipes to prevent freezing, 712 reflective, 178 sound, 1008 thermal conductivity, 701 underground pipe, 714 Ionization, 113 Intermittently heated build ings, 282 Isobanc, 5 Isothermal, 5 J Jets, 753 expansion, 755 radial, 760 velocity, 755 Joints, duct, 805 .K Kata thermometer, 1231 L Laboratories, 1132- > Latent heat, 5,280,287 loos, 280 Laws of thermodynamics, 9 Leakage of air, 239 (see infiltra tion) door. 241, 243, 244 window, 241,242,323 ' Light heat gain, 327 Lignite, 345 Liquid absorbents, 940 heat of, 5 Lithium bromide, 935 Lithium chloride, 935 Load cooling, 287, 739 design, 5, 281 factor, 473 heating, 261, 740 lighting, 327 maximum, 5, 414, 473 refrigeration, 287 M Mach number, 74, 75 Machine vibration, 1022 Manometer, 6, 1224