Document 50wGKGnpDmMkMom58wGvpe988
LEAD
MAY, 1938
Number 3
Lead is Standard for New Orleans Water Services
N New Orleans, which plays host In
I the annual convention of the Ameri can Water Works Association this
spring, approximately <15.00(1 lead
water services are giving satisfactory
service. Rigid connections have never
been used because, in the opinion of
the Sewerage and W ater Board of New
Orleans, they are not applicable to the
city's needs, owing to the many ob
structions encountered in the commer
cial and thickly populated areas which
would necessitate the use of many
extra fittings and entail considerable
added expense. Services are installed
at various depths, many of them shal
low. and are thus especially subjected
to settlement and vibration.
All water services in New Orleans
are installed with lead pipe and brass fittings with wiped solder joints at juncture of pipe and fittings. The flexi
i
f iew <howinp tour 1 in. laps sereinp a 2 in. water senlce (row a ti in. main in Xew Orleans
I.. FRtSi K
bility of lead pipe permits bending
around obstructions x\ ithout the use ol
The lead pipe is attached to a cor S. & W. cock and meter are set in
extra fittings and also takes up settle poration cock willi l/g bend coup brick meter boxes with iron covers to
ment. while vibration can not shake ling. or tail piece, and at the other end permit removal of the meter w ithout
bonded wiped joints loose.
by a solder nipple to a Crescent meter disturbing the pavement. Meters with
Services range from >s in. to 2 in. box. specially designed and manufac- and without flanges have been used
Taps are made with Mueller tapping
hut the Board prefers those equipped
u
jiA t*.
machine. Single '>s in.. :i4 in., and 1 in. taps are made in all size mains, and 11 _> in. taps in mains 12 in. and over.
SPECIFY
itAlpr
MATERIAL
with Manges. In its opinion they are more easily installed and removed and require less fittings, as unions and
Two-inch taps are never made. When r.i ever 11 > in. or 2 in. services have to be
plain nipples have to he used on both sides of meters to connect to those
ri connected to small mains, two or more hired bv the Ford Meter Box Co. This without flanges. Flange joints are
-N lead branches with wiped joints are box is fitted on the inside xvith S. & W' never used on lead services at the main.
-s
substituted so that the sum of the cock and expansion connection com
Goose-necks or branch connections
cross-sectional area of the branches is plete for services from :,s in. to 0 4 in made of lead pipe are used at both
equivalent to that of the larger service
Larger services. 1 >in. and 2 in. main and end of lead pipe inside ol
for which application was made.
are similarly installed except that the curb for future connections on long
leads or services installed ahead ol
street paving from v\hich extensions
can he made. This obviates the neces
sity of many long services. All ser
vices are extended by the \\ ater Board
to 1 ft. inside of the property line.
-11 in. tap ami lent! laid with cjj in. branch connections
sen inii a finable cot-
a tape in %en Orleans
Thus Nexv Orleans, metropolis of the deep South, an unusual combina tion of the old and modern, and one of the world's great and historic ports, is assured of economical yyater services that perform long and satisfactorily. We are indebted to Alfred F. Theard. general superintendent of the Sewer age and Water Board of New Orleans for the information and photographs in this article.
[2] LIA25467
jeap*.-
r
Office Building Features White Lead Painted Interiors
\ specif\ inp pure white lead and oil paints for the interiors ui the Hnlw'ke Mutual Fire Insurance Com pands home office at Salem. Mass., the architects showed keen understanding ,,f painting problems and judicious se lection of materials. The offices are housed in a three-story reinforcedroncrete building with exterior walls nf light huff brick. The interior walls are plastered and painted with white lead tinted to buff and ivory tones. Smith and M alker. Boston. Mass., were the architects for this building and fully appreciate the merits of white lead: "We usually specify lead and oil for interior work and have \et to find am preparation which, for most pur poses. is equal to first-class white lead and good linseed oil."
It is axiomatic to say that good painting is a justifiable and sound ex penditure. whether for homes or for offices such as these. However, to gain the most return from such an invest ment. care should he taken to select materials which will provide maxi mum economy over a period of years. In this respect, pure white lead and oil paints will he found most economical and serviceable. Their durability and efficiency have been widely recognized for main years.
Repainting and retouching are brought to a minimum by the long lile of lead paints, and also because sur faces painted with white lead need only be washed from time to time to regain their original cleanliness, freshness and attractiveness. This elimination of frequent repainting and
retouching is very desirable since these operations are usually accom panied with hectic disarrangement <d office equipment and disturbing of of fice routine. Mashing, however, large1\ eliminates this annexing and un necessary disorder.
Furthermore, since w bile lead paint ed walls and ceilings max be kept clean by w ashing, the benefits obtained from the paint's high light reflectivity max be realized to the fullest extent. Lighter offices are more comfortable to work in and result in a decrease ol electricity consumed and an increase in working efficiency . The danger of eve strain is considerably reduced.
Mixed on the job. xvhite lead paint mav he tinted to a x\ ide xarietx id shades and colors, appreciably broad ening the scope ol decorative possi bilities.
This makes pure white lead paint an ideal material for the application of modern paint styling, which is of great importance on interiors as well as exteriors. Today. paint sty ling calls for stippled finishes, stenciling, strip ing and the artistic selection of har monizing and contrasting colors, ef fects which are easily obtained by competent painting contractors.
Durable, attractive and economical, pure xvhite lead and oil paints give satisfactory results which are a credit to the architect and appreciated by his clients.
The painting contractor lor this job xvas the H. Nexvton Marshall Co. nf Quincy. Mass.
f Bill ||
Tin: ROBB STI'DIOS
A typical office interior which ha* been painted with white lead, and a new of the first floor general offic space of the building
[3]
LIA25468
I Kl k
White Lead and Home77 Built Ui
KIRK MEARS
Putting finishing touches on the "Certigrade Home", painted with pure white lead
throughout
ROBABLY the most talked about It has been carefully planned in every
P home in America at the present respect to be a ''perfect" home and time is the "Certigrade Home"' justshould do much to add impetus to the
constructed hv the Red Cedar Shingle building industry and encourage con
This paint treatment of the exterior makes a brightly cheerful house ami offers the possibility of changing the colors and decorative treatment at an\
Bureau in Arlington County. Virginia, struction of sound, low-cost housing.
under Loan No. 1 of the amended
Houses like this can lie built for
Federal Housing Act. It has the from $4000 to $4(100. exclusive of lot. cooperation and endorsement of the depending upon location, thus coming
Lead Anti-Vibrati l
j;
20.000 retail lumber dealers of the under the 90 per cent loan provisions countrv. represented in the National of the new F.H.A. Yet these are not
I EAD'S effectiveness as a material I for anti-vibration insulation i-
XI
'yI
Lumber Dealers Association. Since this home is built as a demonstration
cheaply built, poorly constructed houses. In addition to all modern con
demonstrated by a delicate balance in the Central Experimental Laboratories
iy of the fact that comfortable, economi veniences. they embody the finest struc of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Com
cal. and well-built homes can be con tural features. For instance, double- pany at Wilmington. Del., which ac
structed with the finest materials for coursed red cedar shingles painted curately measures to one-millionth ol
people with relatively low incomes with pure white lead and oil have been a gram. It is used for micro-analytical
and sold at a profit, pure white lead used for exterior walls. Thus the ex work. The arm is balanced on a knife-
paint and sheet lead have been em cellent insulating value of the double edge of agate and the readings are
ployed extensively in its construction. shingles is gained and the cheerful taken with the aid of a powerful mag
beauty and decorative possibilities of nifying glass.
paint. All exterior sheet metal work is durable, non-staining sheet lead. In terior walls and ceilings are plywood with flush joints decorated with pure white lead paint. Both interior and ex terior painting have been carried out in the latest style trends appropriate for this tvpe of house.
Naturally, the chemist who use^ such an extremely delicate instrument must take adequate pre cautions for avoiding vibrations which would mar the accuracy of measurements. Conse quently. the scale, en
closed in a glass case,
i .t.
Exterior Painting
rests on a heav\ lead
All exterior shingle walls and trim plate, one inch thick,
were given three coats of pure white with the lead plate
lead and oil. a Hat finish being em cushioned bv sponge
ployed on the shingles. Trim paint was rubber pads which, in - N mixed from white lead paste in the turn, are set on a stone
,.5 usual way. Shutters and flower boxes slab.
were painted green and shingles and
This is but one of
trim white. Paint for the shingles was the ways in which lead
mixed according to the accompanying serves in combating vi
flashing for frame construction
formulas.
bration. To counteract
LIA25469
Paint for Wood Shingles
Priming Coat Second Coat Flat Finish Coat
Soft Paste ^ hite Lead
100 lb.
100 lb.
Linseed Oil .................
4 gal. i
2 gal.
Pure Turpentine ....
1?4 gal- '
3igal-
Lead Mixing Oil or Lead Reducing Oil. j
__
j_
Liquid Drier ...............
1 pi.
Ipt.
Gallons of Paint..........
9
6
Coverage per Gallon ( Approximate i
200 sq. ft.
400 sq. ft.
1001b. -- --
1 gal. --
7
11( >1) M[. ft.
nor and the am
ilenred time with many appropriate combinations. Furthermore, early re painting can be avoided because of the ereat durability of w hite lead. \\ hen
)ratio{ Under Delicate Scale
rial i i> e in ries umao i of icai ifeare ia?-
i?es lent
,
' | : : ,
[ |
the vibration caused by railroad trains,
lead-asbestos pads are used under
manv buildings, notable among which
are the Bell Telephone Laboratories
Building in New \ ork Citv. through
the second floor of which pass freight
trains of the New- York Central Rail
road. This installation was described
in the March. 1933, issue of LEAD.
Also in newspaper and industrial
plants, printing presses and other
machinery are often mounted on sheets of lead.
The same qualities of lead that make
it applicable for an
ti-vibration insulation
render this material ad
vantageous for sound
insulation, as evidenced
by the recent installa
tion of a lead-lining in
a room in the General
Physiology laboratory
of the Sorbonne Uni-
versitv (LEAD. Mav,
1937i.
'
Lead is easilv ap plied and has the ad vantage of taking little space in comparison with other materials used to block vibration.
repainting is necessary or desired, it will be economical because no expen sive preparation will first be required since white lead wears down smoothly and evenlv. and always adheres firmly.
Sheet Metal W ork
Lead was selected for all exterior sheet metal work permanently to pre vent leakage at intersections and pre clude repairs, and also to eliminate any possibility of unsightly stains dis figuring the beautiful exterior. Water running over lead flashing and then over other surfaces, such as painted shingles, does not cause discoloration.
In the "Certigrade Home", lead flashing was placed over all window and door heads, running up in back of the shingle siding. This effectively pre vents entrance of moisture at these vul nerable points, which, if permitted, may cause paint and other troubles. Valievs are closed and flashed with sheet lead soakers, small pieces of flashing interwoven with the shingle courses and completely concealed. This treatment prevents leakage al roof slope intersections. Concealed lead flashing is also used on the ridge. The chimney is flashed with lead and a sheet lead cap placed over the top of the chimney to prevent leakage at that point. Lead downspouts were also specified on this home and lead gas kets used to make water-tight the joints in the wood gutters.
Interior Painting
A complete description of the in terior painting of this house w ith pure white lead paint will be given in the
next issue of LEAD. W. W. V oodbridge is manager of
the Red Cedar Shingle Bureau. Seattle. Wash., which is constructing the "Certigrade Home", and W. D. Richardson, technical engineer of the Bureau, had charge of its construction. All the work was done l>\ a local ueneral con tractor and sub-contractors, just as am home would be built in that or other communities.
We will be glad to assist builders with information on lead work and painting for the hundreds of similar houses that will probablv be built all over the country using these excellent specifications.
isometric detail of lead Hashing on a closed valley
LI A 25470
Lead Work Adds Distinction to Long Island Homes
Detail nt (he dormer window .showing Die lead-covered lace, c h e e k v. a n d 1 e a d
comes in windou
Lead-roofed doorway on Great Seek home with skillfully de lineated lead frieze
!' IIOTOS nv WORTS I! R( >S.
RNAMENTAL lead work has limited budget leave the architect little
O in manv cases enabled the leeway. At slight extra cost, however, architect to add a finishing touchsmtoall porch or bav window roofs of
his work that will give a client special lead with decorative friezes, ornamen
pleasure or make a speculative house tal lead leader-heads or gutters, or
more saleable. Everv home owner other lead features can be made to set
likes to have something distinctive a house off from its neighbors and add
about his own home to set it apart a charm not otherwise obtainable.
from the usual run-of-the-mill con
Illustrative of the adaptability of
struction. Frequently this requirement lead for such ornamental work are the
taxes the architect's ingenuity, particu two Long Island homes shown in the
larly in the frequent instances wherein accompanying photographs. The first
the mam demands of the client with a of these, located in Great Neck, em
bodies a lead roof over both the front entrvwav and the bav windou on the side of the house. Augmenting the charm rendered hv these features is a lead frieze, running around the bottom of each roof, which has been beaten hv hand in an attractive (lowered motif. Both fascias and roofs are made I mm 4 Hi. soft lead, the roofs being in stalled b\ the standing seam method to pn ide 1 r expansion and contrac tion.
The second of these homes, in Hemp-
[6 1 L IA25A71
|_ Mllite ululsual treat' inent ll'1' ,ace alR' L'"111 cl'eeks 1,1 tlle " . )iu|-sl(irv dormer window being ~r>Vfre-ll "ilh ; ll'' lialu|-"r"llfi,lt leatl-
\|,I rime llie window is ol lead
me*. the lead rovering with its !.nii(de and xet very pleasing design is
appropriate.
.
Supplementing this lead w o ik is a
ller and leader fareil w ith lead, hand
eaten to a decorati\e design.
| eac| is ideal 1 \ suited for ornamen
tal metal work. Its durability and the
charm of its natural color are widely
iccoanized h\ presenl-dax architects,
lead is easily applied and max he
worked into a wide variety of attrac
tive decorative embellishments, which
mat easily provide the necessary "final
touch" for the home. Furthermore, of
major interest and importance is the
fact that such lead work need not he
rvpensive and can usually he made to
lull within the stipulated budget.
Mr. F. (i. Irw in, of Rockville Outer.
|, F. produced the ornamental lead
work shown on these two homes.
Architects for the house in Great Neck
\\ r KTS K K i > >.
Detail oj decorative hand-uTnug/it gutter anti leatler on the Hempstead home
were Aspinwall and Simpson, of that city. Arthur McKenna. Garden (lit\. L. I., was the architect for the house in Hempstead.
HIS month's contribution to found today , both in this country and
T"Small Applications of Lead", an abroad, where this craft has for years ornamental desk lamp, shows a ver\ been highly skilled and the results unusual ami artful I v created applica highly admired. It is interesting to tion of lead work. Sheet lead forms note the increased attention and ap the base of the lamp and lead pipe of preciation nuyy accorded this work in interlocking sizes makes up the stand America. ard. The shade is of hand carved sheet lead on opaque glass, the cleverly de lineated designs depicting various op erations in producing and fabricating lead. The face shown in the photo graph represents, on the top. the pour ing of lead, while a lead smelter and refirierv are shown in the bottom rec tangle. One of the other faces has a skillfully carved design depicting lead burning ol a large chemical tank lining.
This unique lamp further demon strates the adaptability of lead which has made this metal highly valued for ornamental work for many hundreds "I tears. This adaptability, due to the ease with w Inch lead is w orked. is aug mented by its pleasing gray patina. Main age-old examples of the art of
ornamental lead-working are to he
A. W. W. A. Action on
L. I. A. Standard
'HE final report on "Tentaliye
T Standard Specifications for Lay ing Last-Iron Pipe" made by sub committee 7-D of the American W ater Works Association's Lnmmittee h i W ater W orks Practice specifies that calking lead shall he ol a quality cor responding to the Lead Industries As sociation Standard for this material. The section relating to calking lead quality folloyvs:
"Lead for calking purposes shall contain not less than 99.7 ! per cent pure lead. Impurities shall not exceed the follow ing limits :
Par cent Arsenic. Anti mo n x and
Tin together................. n.Ol 5 Loppcr ................................ O.ii:; Zinc....................................... n.nn2 Iron........................................ 0.002 bismuth .............................. 0.25 Si her ................................... 0.U2
"The producer s name or identifica tion mark shall be clearly cast m stamped upon eacli piece of lead."
This report yeas accepted "in prin ciple 1 >y the Board of Directors ol the Water Works Association on Jan uary 19. 193U. and printed in the February issue of the Journal of that Association. Final consideration will Lie given at the Board meeting in Nexi Orleans pt the time of the Annual (invention in April.
Adoption and use of this specifica tion xvill assure xvater xxorks engineers of getting calking lead ol proper qual ity for making satisfactory joints in cast-iron pipe. There is the furthei advantage that lead meeting the speci fication mav bear the "Lead Indus tries' Seal of Approval" and by simply specifying that calking lead shall bear this Seal, engineers will be assured ol lead meeting the Water Works Asso ciation's specification, thus providing an easy means of identification. Just how this works to help xvater yy orks en gineers may be seen from the article on page b of this issue ol LEAD.
SPECIFY LEAD lDDUSTXIES' MATERIAL
[7] LI A25472
Seal of Approval Calking Lead for Atlantic City Main
n g in e e r s for the
E new Atlantic City cast
iron w ater main bate
shims for cushioning the pipe.
The next operation was
placed reliance on the de
to lift the sections from the
pendability of lead by
skids with the portable
specifying this material
derrick, socket the joints,
for joints. M oreover. they
and lower the length onto
have also specified that the
the cradles. Joints were
calking lead shall bear the
then poured with lead and
"Lead Industries' Seal of
caiked by hand.
Approval". By so doing,
The choice of lead for
they have made certain
calking on this job was an
that the lead will meet the
especially wise one. Lead
rigid standards of the Lead
joints are flexible, which
Industries Association, as . ^ , A
in this case is very essen
outlined in the article on
A'
tial since the pipe is ex
page 7. Installation of the new
line, consisting of 18.300
Old and new Atlantic City pipe lines. That on the left was laid in 1^14. that on the right in 1Q3T
posed to the sun and is. therefore, subject to elon gation and contraction.
ft. of 48 in. cast-iron pipe, was begun as a W.P.A. project early in 1937 and, when completed, will connect the out
weighing between four and five tons apiece, were rolled by large gangs of men onto wooden skids leading to con
Furthermore, they are virtually un affected bv the corrosive action of salt water soil: both are characu ; - its
lying Absecon Pumping Station with crete cradles. These cradles, two to which mean longer life and less main
Atlantic City proper. A major part of the installation work has been done by hand and has been complicated by the fact that the piping must pass through
each pipe length, were cast, each one over a pair of wooden piles driven to grade, and were fitted with pliable
tenance cost for the water line. Design and specifications of this
line were made by the office of Clyde Potts, consulting engineer, of New
salt marsh terrain.
SPECIFY
In the procedure, the pipe sections.
MATERIAL
York City. Mr. Lincoln \ an Gilder is water superintendent of Atlantic City.
yj
'v-t
Getting the pipe on the cradles, using the portable derrick
Rolling a large section by hand onto skids leading to the cradles
PHOTOS COl'KTKSY V. S. PITE AND FOUNDRY t ".
$ UPON REQUEST. THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL 'LEAD" REGULARLY, FREE OF CHARGE. TO THOSE INTERESTED, AND WILL COOPERATE. WITHOUT OBLIGATION. IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS
LI A25473
PRINTED IN U.S.A. BY PUBLISHERS PRINTING CO..
NFW YORK CITV