Document 50kZVdDOvm21BnDYRqkNN45XR

DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY 4555 OVERLOOK AVE SW WASHINGTON OC 20375-5320 IN 3900 WEFEPf TO Ser 6180/0080 20- A p r 2 0 1 0 From: Commanding Officer, Naval Research Laboratory To: Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command (Code 05P14 D. Barylski) Subj: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF MIL-F-24385F QUALIFICATION TESTING OF MONSOON FIRE-ADE AFFF TYPE 3/6 CONCENTRATE Enel: (1) Two copies of subject report 1. Enclosure (1) is forwarded for your information and retention. 2. This report provides preliminary results of qualification testing for the Monsoon FireAde AFFF concentrate, which was evaluated as both a Type 3 and a Type 6 AFFF concentrate against MIL-F-24385F, "Fire Extinguishing Agent, Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) Liquid Concentrate for Fresh and Seawater". The tested product met all of the fire extinguishment and burnback protection requirements of MIL-F-24385F when used as either a Type 3 or a Type 6 concentrate. There were, however, other properties, particularly foam drainage time and index of refraction, for which the product did not meet all of the requirements of MIL-F-24385F. These discrepancies are detailed in the Executive Summary at the beginning of the enclosed report. 3. The Naval Research Laboratory's points of contact are Dr. Bradley A. Williams, Code 6185, (202) 767-3583, e-mail: bradlev.williams@nrl.navv.mil and John P. Farley Code 6186, (202) 404-8459, e-mail: iohn.farlev@ nrl.naw.mil. By direction Copy to: COMNAVSEASYSCOM (Code 05P14 Hunstad, Berchtold) Distribution Authorized to US Government Agencies and their Contractors Only; All other requests shall be forwarded to: Commanding Officer Naval Research Laboratory, Wash. DC. THIS INFORMATION HAS NOT BEEN APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE. US00000842 6180/0080A:BAW 31 March 2010 Preliminary Results of Mil-F-24385F Qualification Testing of Monsoon Fire-Ade AFFF Type 3/6 Concentrate Bradley A. Williams Ronald S. Sheinson Clarence Whitehurst John P. Farley Navy Technology Centerfo r Safety & Survivability Chemistry Division Enel (1) to NRL Ltr 3900 Ser 6180/0080 Distribution Authorized to US Government Agencies and their Contractors Only; All other requests shall be forwarded to: Commanding Officer Naval Research Laboratory, Wash. DC. THIS INFORMATION HAS NOT BEEN APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE. US00000843 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report gives preliminary test results for Fire-Ade Monsoon AFFF Concentrate, which was evaluated against MIL-F-24385F as both a Type 3 and a Type 6 AFFF product. Note: This product was submitted for testing as both a Type 3 and a Type 6 Concentrate. For the physical properties tests of the undiluted concentrate, the laboratory measurements are identical regardless of which Type AFFF the product is being tested as, although in some instances (for example, maximum viscosity at 5C), the requirements are different for the two Types. Where MIL-F-24385F specifies the physical properties of diluted mixtures (for example, spreading coefficient), these were measured independently at the two dilutions. Properties specified for the concentrate are indicated with a (C) below; properties indicated for the mixture are marked (M). The detailed test results are given in the following pages. Although the product met all the fire extinguishment and burn back requirements of MIL-F-24385F, the following test results were at variance with the requirements: Index of refraction was 1.3612 0.0010. This is above the requirement for Type 6 concentrate (1.3580) but slightly below the requirement for Type 3 concentrate (1.3630). The "total halides" for the concentrate was reported as 0.03%, equivalent to 300 ppm. The requirement for Type 6 is 250 ppm and for Type 3, 500 ppm. The reported value is higher than the Type 6 requirement, but since the value was only reported to one significant figure, a value of 250 ppm (which would pass) would round to 300 ppm, which would fail. It is worth noting that the concentrate passed the materials compatibility (corrosion) requirements, which are the motivation for the halide requirement. Aged concentrate foamability in artificial sea water as a Type 3 product (concentrate subjected to accelerated aging at 60 C, before dilution): 25% drain times on two runs of 100 seconds (fail) and 109 seconds (fail), compared to a requirement of >150 seconds. This value is substantially below the requirement and it seems unlikely that the 150 seconds requirement would be met on a retest. The fire extinguishment and burn back times for the test with the aged concentrate, however, did meet the performance requirements. Aged premix foamability in artificial sea water as a Type 3 product (AFFF solution subjected to accelerated aging at 60 C): 25% drain times on two runs of 138 seconds (fail) and 144 seconds (fail). These are both slightly below the requirement of 150 seconds, but given the test-to-test variation, it is possible the product might pass on a retest. The fire tests with this aged premixture did meet the extinguishment and bum back requirements. 1 US00000844 Test results--Paragraphs denoted below refer to the applicable section of MIL-F-24385F Paragraph 3.3 Chemical and *hysical Requiremen ts for Concentrates Type 6 Type 6 Pass/ Type 3 Type 3 Pass/ Property Criteria Value Fail Criteria Value Fail Viscosity (a>25C (C) cSt >2 2.9 Pass >2 2.9 Pass Viscosity (a>5C (C) cSt <10 5.9 Pass <20 5.9 Pass Hydrogen Ion (pH) (C) 7-8.5 7.9 Pass 7-8.5 7.9 Pass Spreading Coefficient on >3.0 5.4 Pass >3.0 5.4 Pass cyclohexane (dynes/cm) (M) Index of refraction >1.3580 1.3612 Pass >1.3630 1.3612 Fail Foamability (average of two measurements for eac 1 condition): Fresh Water Expansion Ratio >5.0 8.8 Pass >5.0 7.1 Pass (M) Fresh Water Drain Time (M) >2:30 5:03 Pass >2:30 3:10 Pass (minutes) Salt Water Expansion Ratio >5.0 8.0 Pass >5.0 6.7 Pass (M) Salt Water Drain Time (M) (minutes) >2:30 2:53 Pass >2:30 2:25a (Pass) (one of two runs) Corrosion Rate (C) steel (10"3 inches/yr) <1.5 1.10 Pass <1.5 1.10 Pass Cu-Ni (10"3 inches/yr) <1.0 0.09 Pass <1.0 0.09 Pass Ni-Cu (10"3 inches/yr) <1.0 0.05 Pass <1.0 0.05 Pass Bronze (mg) <100 11 Pass <100 11 Pass Localized pitting (Corrosion- No pits No pits Pass No pits No pits Pass resistant steel) Total Halides (C) (ppm) <250 300 Failb <500 300 Pass Dry Chemical Compatibility Burn Back time (s) (M) >360 390 Pass >360 380 Pass Environmental Impact Toxicity (TC50) mg/L (C) >1000 >2000 Pass >500 >2000 Pass COD (g O2/L) (C) <500 <1000 BOD20 /COD (C) >0.65 >0.65 a On two runs, the 25% drain times were 2:15 (fail), and 2:35 (pass). b Result was only reported to one significant figure--a value of 250 (pass) would round to 300 (fail). 2 US00000845 Paragraph 3.3.2 Stability Property Type 6 Type 6 Pass/ Criteria Value Fail Spreading Coefficient on cyclohexane (dynes/cm) (M) using aged concentrate mixed >3.0 5.2 Pass with fresh water using aged premix with fresh >3.0 5.7 Pass water using aged premix with salt water >3.0 5.3 Pass Foamability using aged concentrate(average of two measurements): Fresh Water Expansion Ratio (M) >5.0 9.1 Pass Fresh Water Drain Time (M) >2:30 3:42 Pass (minutes) Salt Water Expansion Ratio (M) >5.0 8.0 Pass Salt Water Drain Time (M) >2:30 2:42 Pass (minutes) Foamability using aged premix (average of two measurements): Fresh Water Expansion Ratio (M) >5.0 10.1 Pass Fresh Water Drain Time (M) >2:30 4:25 Pass (minutes) Sea Water Expansion Ratio (M) >5.0 9.6 Pass Sea Water Drain Time (M) >2:30 2:37 Pass (minutes) Film Formation from aged concentrate, full no no Pass strength, fresh water ignition ignition from aged concentrate, full no no Pass strength, sea water ignition ignition from aged premix, full strength, no no Pass fresh water ignition ignition from aged premix, full strength, no no Pass sea water ignition ignition Fire Performance (M) Aged Concentrate, 1/2 strength, fresh water Extinguishment time (s) <45 27 Pass Bum back time (s) >300 445 Pass Aged Concentrate, 1/2 strength, sea water Extinguishment time (s) <45 27 Pass Bum back time (s) >300 434 Pass Aged Premix, full strength, fresh water Extinguishment time (s) <30 25 Pass Bum back time (s) >360 406 Pass Aged Premix, full strength, sea water Extinguishment time (s) <30 26 Pass Bum back time (s) >360 441 Pass a drain times on two runs of 2:07 (fail) and 2:30 (pass) b expansion ratios on two runs of 4.8 (fail) and 5.6 (pass) c drain times on two runs of 1:40 (fail) and 1:49 (fail) ddrain times on two runs of 2:18 (fail) and 2:24 (fail) Type 3 Criteria >3.0 >3.0 >3.0 >5.0 >2:30 >5.0 >2:30 >5.0 >2:30 >5.0 >2:30 no ignition no ignition no ignition no ignition <45 >300 <45 >300 <30 >360 <30 >360 Type 3 Pass/ Value Fail 4.7 Pass 5.0 Pass 5.4 Pass 6.5 2:18a Pass (Pass) 5.2b 1:45 (Pass) Fail 8.8 3:34 6.6 2:21d Pass Pass Pass Fail no ignition no ignition no ignition no ignition Pass Pass Pass Pass 30 Pass 439 Pass 31 Pass 415 Pass 24 Pass 453 Pass 24 Pass 478 Pass 3 US00000846 Paragraph 3.3.2 Stability (cont.) Property Type 6 Criteria Stratification using aged concentrate mixed N.O.* with fresh water using aged premix with fresh NO. water using aged premix with salt water NO. Precipitation (vol%) (M): using aged concentrate mixed <0.05 with fresh water using aged premix with fresh <0.05 water using aged premix with salt water <0.05 *N.O. =N one observed. Type 6 Value NO. NO. NO. NO. NO. NO. Pass/ Fail Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Type 3 Criteria NO. NO. NO. <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Type 3 Pass/ Value Fail N O . Pass N O . Pass N O . Pass N O . Pass N O . Pass N O . Pass Paragraph 3.3.3 Compatibility Mixture: Fire Ade/Buckeye (50/50) (Type 3) Requirement Criteria Stratification using aged concentrate N.O.* Precipitation (vol%): using aged concentrate <0.05 Foamability using aged concentrate(average of two measurements): Fresh Water Expansion Ratio (M) >5.0 Fresh Water Drain Time (M) (minutes) >2:30 Salt Water Expansion Ratio (M) >5.0 Salt Water Drain Time (M) (minutes) >2:30 Film Formation (M) from aged concentrate, 1/2 strength, fresh water no ignition from aged concentrate, 1/2 strength, sea water no ignition Fire Performance (M) Aged Concentrate, fresh water Extinguishment time (s) <30 Bum back time (s) >360 Aged Concentrate, sea water Extinguishment time (s) <30 Bum back time (s) >360 *N.O. =N one observed. Value NO. NO. 8.4 4.06 7.25 3:41 no ign. no ign. 26 603 25 586 Pass/ Fail Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass 4 US00000847 Paragraph 3.3.3 Compatibility Mixture: Fire Ade/National Foam (50/50) (Type 3) Requirement Criteria Stratification using aged concentrate NO* Precipitation (vol%): using aged concentrate <0.05 Foamability using aged concentrate(average of two measurements): Fresh Water Expansion Ratio (M) >5.0 Fresh Water Drain Time (M) (minutes) >2:30 Salt Water Expansion Ratio (M) >5.0 Salt Water Drain Time (M) (minutes) Film Formation (M) >2:30 from aged concentrate, 1/2 strength, fresh water no ignition from aged concentrate, 1/2 strength, sea water no ignition Fire Performance (M) Aged Concentrate, fresh water Extinguishment time (s) <30 Bum back time (s) >360 Aged Concentrate, sea water Extinguishment time (s) Bum back time (s) <30 >360 *N.O. =N one observed. Value NO. NO. 9.7 3:51 7.08 2:56 no ign. no ign. 27 492 23 455 Pass/ Fail Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Paragraph 3.3.3 Compatibility Mixture: Fire Ade/National Foam (50/50) (Type 6) Requirement Criteria Stratification using aged concentrate N.O.* Precipitation (vol%): using aged concentrate <0.05 Foamability using aged concentrate(average of two measurements): Fresh Water Expansion Ratio (M) >5.0 Fresh Water Drain Time (M) (minutes) >2:30 Salt Water Expansion Ratio (M) >5.0 Salt Water Drain Time (M) (minutes) >2:30 Film Formation (M) from aged concentrate, 1/2 strength, fresh water no ignition from aged concentrate, 1/2 strength, sea water no ignition Fire Performance (M) Aged Concentrate, fresh water Extinguishment time (s) <30 Bum back time (s) >360 Aged Concentrate, sea water Extinguishment time (s) <30 Bum back time (s) >360 *N.O. = N on e observed. Value NO. NO. 9.8 4:11 9.6 3:11 no ign. no ign. 27 483 24 480 Pass/ Fail NO. Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass 5 US00000848 Paragraph 3.3.3 Compatibility Mixture: Fire Ade/Buckeye/National/Chemguard (25/25/25/25) (Type 3) Requirement Criteria Value Pass/ Fail Stratification using aged concentrate N.O.* NO . Pass Precipitation (vol%): using aged concentrate <0.05 NO . Pass Foamability using aged concentrate(average of two measurements): Fresh Water Expansion Ratio (M) >5.0 8.6 Pass Fresh Water Drain Time (M) (minutes) >2:30 3:49 Pass Salt Water Expansion Ratio (M) >5.0 7.7 Pass Salt Water Drain Time (M) (minutes) >2:30 3:05 Pass Film Formation (M) from aged concentrate, 1/2 strength, fresh water no ignition no ign. Pass from aged concentrate, 1/2 strength, sea water no ignition no ign. Pass Fire Performance (M) Aged Concentrate, fresh water Extinguishment time (s) <30 22 Pass Bum back time (s) >360 553 Pass Aged Concentrate, sea water Extinguishment time (s) <30 24 Pass Bum back time (s) >360 567 Pass *N.O. =N one observed. Paragraph 3.3.3 Compatibility Mixture: Fire Ade/Ansul/National/Chemguard (25/25/25/25) (Type 6) Requirement Criteria Value Stratification using aged concentrate Precipitation (vol%): N.O.* using aged concentrate <0.05 Foamability using aged concentrate(average of two measurements): Fresh Water Expansion Ratio (M) >5.0 Fresh Water Drain Time (M) (minutes) >2:30 Salt Water Expansion Ratio (M) >5.0 Salt Water Drain Time (M) (minutes) Film Formation (M) >2:30 from aged concentrate, 1/2 strength, fresh water no ignition from aged concentrate, 1/2 strength, sea water no ignition Fire Performance (M) Aged Concentrate, fresh water Extinguishment time (s) Bum back time (s) <30 >360 Aged Concentrate, sea water Extinguishment time (s) <30 Bum back time (s) >360 *N.O. = N on e observed. NO. NO. 8.3 3:46 8.5 3:47 no ign. no ign. 29 486 27 483 Pass/ Fail Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass 6 US00000849 Paragraph 3.3.3 Compatibility Mixture: Fire Ade/Chemguard (50/50) (Type 3) Requirement Criteria Stratification using aged concentrate N.O.* Precipitation (vol%): using aged concentrate <0.05 Foamability using aged concentrate(average of two measurements): Fresh Water Expansion Ratio (M) >5.0 Fresh Water Drain Time (M) (minutes) >2:30 Salt Water Expansion Ratio (M) >5.0 Salt Water Drain Time (M) (minutes) >2:30 Film Formation (M) from aged concentrate, 1/2 strength, fresh water no ignition from aged concentrate, 1/2 strength, sea water no ignition Fire Performance (M) Aged Concentrate, fresh water Extinguishment time (s) <30 Bum back time (s) >360 Aged Concentrate, sea water Extinguishment time (s) Bum back time (s) <30 >360 *N.O. =N one observed. Paragraph 3.3.3 Compatibility Mixture: Fire Ade/ Chemguard (50/50) (Type 6 Requirement Criteria Stratification using aged concentrate N.O.* Precipitation (vol%): using aged concentrate <0.05 Foamability using aged concentrate(average of two measurements): Fresh Water Expansion Ratio (M) >5.0 Fresh Water Drain Time (M) (minutes) >2:30 Salt Water Expansion Ratio (M) >5.0 Salt Water Drain Time (M) (minutes) Film Formation (M) >2:30 from aged concentrate, 1/2 strength, fresh water no ignition from aged concentrate, 1/2 strength, sea water no ignition Fire Performance (M) Aged Concentrate, fresh water Extinguishment time (s) <30 Bum back time (s) >360 Aged Concentrate, sea water Extinguishment time (s) <30 Bum back time (s) >360 *N.O. = N on e observed. Value NO. NO. 8.2 3:18 6.8 2:58 no ign. no ign. 26 605 22 510 Value NO. 0.01 9.1 3:55 9.3 4:03 no ign. no ign. 29 465 25 446 Pass/ Fail Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass/ Fail Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass 7 US00000850 Paragraph 3.3.3 Compatibility Mixture: Fire Ade/Ansul (50/50) (Type 6) Requirement Criteria Stratification using aged concentrate N.O.* Precipitation (vol%): using aged concentrate <0.05 Foamability using aged concentrate(average of two measurements): Fresh Water Expansion Ratio (M) >5.0 Fresh Water Drain Time (M) (minutes) >2:30 Salt Water Expansion Ratio (M) >5.0 Salt Water Drain Time (M) (minutes) >2:30 Film Formation (M) from aged concentrate, 1/2 strength, fresh water no ignition from aged concentrate, 1/2 strength, sea water no ignition Fire Performance (M) Aged Concentrate, fresh water Extinguishment time (s) <30 Bum back time (s) >360 Aged Concentrate, sea water Extinguishment time (s) Bum back time (s) <30 >360 *N.O. =N one observed. Value NO. None 9.3 4:45 9.5 3:30 no ign. no ign. 24 490 25 432 Pass/ Fail Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Paragraph 3,4 Fire Performance 28 ft2fire test Type 6 requireme nt Extinguishment time (s) Fresh Water 1/2 strength <45 Fresh Water full strength <30 Salt Water 1/2 strength <45 Salt Water full strength <30 Fresh water Quintuple Strength <55 Bum back time (s) Fresh Water 1/2 strength >300 Fresh Water full strength >360 Salt Water 1/2 strength >300 Salt Water full strength >360 Fresh water Quintuple Strength >200 50 ft2fire test (Sea water) Extinguishment time (s) <50 Bum back time (s) >360 40 second summation >320 Type 6 Value 28 24 27 26 33 433 >360 388 401 251 49 363 335 Pass/ Fail Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Type 3 requireme nt Type 3 Value Pass/ Fail <45 28 Pass <30 28 Pass <45 32 Pass <30 27 Pass <55 32 Pass >300 >360 >300 >360 >200 458 Pass 433 Pass 345 Pass 388 Pass 372 Pass <50 >360 >320 45 >360 320 Pass Pass Pass Other properties: Torque to open container (50 inch-pounds max): not tested as final packaging has not yet been specified. Total fluorine content (no specification). 8 US00000851 APPENDIX A DETAILED INFORMATION ON SELECTED PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Spreading coefficient on cyclohexane: Spreading coefficient =ST(cyclohexane) - ST(AFFF) - interfacial tension Requirement: minimum 3 dynes/cm (Type 3 and Type 6) Cyclohexane surface tension (measured): 24.42 (23C) Cyclohexane surface tension (reference value): 24.95 (20C) Fire-Ade concentrate @ 3% Surface tension: 17.59 Interfacial tension against cyclohexane: 1.39 Spreading coefficient: 5.44 PASS Fire-Ade concentrate @ 6% Surface tension: 17.29 Interfacial tension against cyclohexane: 1.70 Spreading coefficient: 5.43 PASS Index of Refraction of Concentrate requirement: minimum 1.3580 @25C (Type 6); minimum 1.3630 @25C (Type 3) substance observed nD nom inal nD difference w ater 1.3315 1.3330 -0.0015 w ater 1.3314 1.3330 -0.0016 w ater 1.3314 1.3330 -0.0016 ethanol (absolute) ethanol (absolute) 70% isopropanol 70% isopropanol is o p ro p a n o l is o p ro p a n o l instrum ent correction 1.3595 1.3599 1.3700 1.3705 1.3776 1.3772 1.3614 1.3614 1.3730 1.3730 1.3772 1.3772 average std dev. -0.0019 -0.0015 -0.003 -0.0025 0.0004 0 -0.00147 0.00096 fire-Ade concentrate fire-Ade concentrate fire-Ade concentrate average fire-Ade value corrected nD u n c e rta in ty 1.3597 1.3595 1.3600 1.3597 1.3612 0.0010 A-l US00000852 The measured refractive index for the Fire-Ade, after applying the instrument correction based on comparison of measured and nominal refractive index values for several liquids having similar indices of refraction, was 1.3612 0.0010. This is easily above the requirement for Type 6 AFFF concentrate (1.3580) but slightly below the requirement for Type 3 concentrate (1.3630). If one adds one standard deviation of the measurement uncertainty, the value for the Fire-Ade concentrate is 1.3622, still slightly low. Readings with two other QPL AFFF concentrates were taken with the same refractometer: Chemguard C301 MS (Type 3 QPL) 1.3645 Chemguard C601 MS (Type 6 QPL) 1.3583 These values meet the Mil Spec requirement Viscosity of Concentrate Requirement: Minimum @25C: 2 cSt (Type 3 and Type 6) Maximum @5C: 20 cSt (Type 3); 10 cSt (Type 6) Test Results: Temperature = 25C Viscosity= 2.89 cSt PASS Temperature = 5C Viscosity= 5.91 cSt PASS (both Type 3 and Type 6 requirements) COMPATIBILITY Precipitation: The only instance in which a precipitate was observed, including after sample centrifugation, in the mixtures of Fire-Ade with other QPL AFFF's aged for ten days at 65C was for a 50%:50% FireAde/Chemguard Type 6 AFFF mixture diluted in artificial seawater. Precipitation was not observed in the Fire-Ade/Chemguard Type 3 AFFF mixture, or in other mixtures. We have previously noted the formation of a solid white precipitate from Chemguard Type 6 MilSpec qualified AFFF when mixed with seawater. This formulation appears unique among AFFF formulations in containing significant magnesium sulfate (per the product MSDS). We concluded the additional presence of magnesium and sulfate in seawater together with that in the AFFF causes precipitation of that salt, as it has limited solubility. Determination of the mass of precipitate was made following centrifuging 30 ml samples of the 50%:50% Fire-Ade/Chemguard Type 6 and 100% Chemguard Type 6 @6% concentration in artificial seawater, followed by drying the precipitate after decanting off the liquid. This was A-2 US00000853 done by weighing the two centrifuge tubes, scraping off and weighing the residue, and weighed the tubes with residue removed: FireAde/Chemguard Chemguard Tube Tube w/o solid Difference = solid 10.0402 gram 10.0366 0.0036 10.1006 10.0932 0.0074 Solid on paper Paper tare Difference = solid 0.6296 0.6259 0.0037 0.6780 0.6702 0.0078 These results show good agreement with the weights of the precipitate weighed directly and by difference. Further, the precipitate from the mixture with 50 per cent Chemguard had slightly less than 50 per cent weight of the precipitate from the full strength Chemguard AFFF. The quantity of precipitate allowed by the MilSpec criteria is 0.05% by volume. For 30 ml, this is 0.015 gram. The solid density of MgSCri is 2.66 gram/cc. This means the maximum volume criteria Of 0.05% corresponds to 0.040 gram CONCLUSIONS: All the precipitate is from the Chemguard AFFF and not from the FireAde AFFF. In any event, the mass (and volume) of precipitate, both for the pure Chemguard AFFF and the Chemguard/Fire-Ade mixture, is less than 20% of the allowable limit. A-3 US00000854