Document 4w6X1o4xdb28ZeDZn50V799R

31:8344 REFERENCE FILE tures, and fnr times, sufficient to cause 1.0 ppm, and plus or minus 25 percent limit, or to the greatest extent feasible, mass melting of the polyvinyl chloride over 1.0 ppm. (Methods meeting these solely by means of engineering and work resulting in'the release of vinyl chloride. accuracy requirements are available in practice controls, as soon as feasible. i7) "Hazardous operation" means any the "NIOSH Manual of Analytical (3) Written plans for such a program Iration, procedure* or activity where a Methods"). ease of either vinyl chloride liquid or (5) Employees or their designated rep gas might be expected as a consequenceresentatives shall be afforded reasonable of the operation or because of an accident in opportunity to observe the monitor shall be developed rnd furnished upon request for examination and copying to authorized representatives of the Assis tant Secretary and the Director. Such tlie operation, which would result in an ing and measuring required by this plans shall be updated at least every six employee exposure in excess of the permis paragraph. months. sible exposure limit (Section 1910.93q(b) (7) amended at 39 FR 41848, December 3, 1974; Section 1910.93q was redesignated at 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975] (8) "OSHA Area Director" means the Director for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Area Office having jurisdiction over the geographic area in which the employer's establish ment is located. (9) "Polyvinyl chloride" means poly vinyl chloride homopolymer or copoly mer before such is converted to a fabri (e) Regulated area. (1) A regulated area shall be established where: (1) Vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride is manufactured, reacted, repackaged, stored, handled or used: and (ii) Vinyl chloride concentrations are in excess of the permissible exposure limit. (2) Access to regulated areas shall be limited to authorised persons. A daily roster shall be made of authorized per-; sons who enter. (f) Methods of compliance. Employee exposures to vinyl chloride shall be con (g) Respiratory protection. Where respiratory protection is required under this section:, (1) The employer shall provide a respirator which meets the requirements of this paragraph and shall assure that the employee uses such respirator, except that until April 1, 1976, wearing of respira tors shall be at the discretion of each em ployee for exposures not in excess of 25 ppm, measured over any 15-minute period. Until April 1, 1976, each employee who chooses not to wear an appropriate respirator shall be informed at least quarterly of the cated product, trolled to at or below the permissible ex hazards of vinyl chloride and the purpose, "(10) "Vinyl chloride" means vinyl posure limit provided in paragraph (c) proper use, and limitations of respiratory chloride monomer. of this section by engineering, work prac devices. <c) Permissible exposure limit. (1) No tice, and personal protective controls as (Section 1910.93q(g)(l) amended at 40 FR employee may be exposed to vinyl chlo ride at concentrations greater than 1 ppm averaged over any 8-hour period, and (2) No employee may be exposed to follows: (1) Feasible engineering and work practice controls shall immediately be used to reduce exposures to at or below 13211, March 25, 1975; Section 1910.93q was redesignated 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975] vinyl chloride at concentrations greater the permissible exposure limit. (2) Respirators shall be selected from than 5 ppm averaged over any period not (2) Wherever feasible engineering and among those jointly approved by the exceeding 15 minutes. work practice controls which can be in Mining Enforcement and Safety Admin (3) No employee may be exposed to stituted immediately are not sufficient to istration, Department of the Interior, vinyl chloride by direct contact with reduce exposures to at or below the per and the National Institute for Occupa liquid vinyl chloride. missible exposure limit, they shall none tional Safety and Health under the pro (d) Monitoring. (1) A program of theless be used to reduce exposures to visions of 30 CFR Part 11, ^hdtial monitoring and measurement ^Bfill be undertaken in each establish^^ent to determine if there is any em ployee exposed, without regard to the use the lowest practicable level, and shall be supplemented by respiratory protection In accordance with paragraph (g) of this section. A program shall be established (3) A respiratory protection program meeting the requirements of 5 1910.134 shall be established and maintained. of respirators, in excess of the action and implemented to reduce exposures to (4) Selection of respirators for vinyl level. at or below the permissible exposure chloride shall' he as follows: (2) Where a determination conducted under paragraph (d)(1) of this section shows any employee exposures, without regard to the use of respirators, in ex cess of the action level, a program for de termining exposures for each such em ployee shall be established. Such a pro Atmospheric concentration of vinyl chloride (I) Unknown, or above 3.600 ppm-- (II) Not over 3,600 ppm------------------------ Required apparatus Open-circuit, self-contained breathing apparatus, pres sure demand type, with full facepiece. (A) Combination type C supplied air respirator, pres sure demand type, with full or half facepiece, and auxiliary self-contained atr supply; or gram: (1) Shall be repeated at least monthly where any employee is exposed, without regard to the use of respirators, in ex cess of the permissible exposure limit. (ii) Shall be repeated not less than quarterly where any employee is exposed, without regard to the use of respirators, in excess of the action level. (iii) May be discontinued for any em (lil) Not over 1,000 ppm. (iv) Not over 100 ppm----------------------- (B) Combination Type C, supplied a if respirator continuous flow type, full or half fpcepiece, and > auxiliary self-contained air supply. Type C. supplied air respirator, continuous flow type, with full or half facepiece, helmet or hood." (A) Combination type C supplied air respirator de ployee only when at least two consecu tive monitoring determinations, made not less than 5 working days apart, show ex posures for that employee at or below the action level. (3) Whenever there has been a pro duction, process or control change which may result in an increase in the release of vinyl chloride, or the employer has any other reason to suspect that any em ployee may be exposed in excess of the (v) Not over 25 ppm (A) mand type, with full facepiece, and auxiliary self-contained air supply; or (B) Open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece. In demand mode; or (C) Type C supplied air respirator, demand type, with full facepiece. A powered alr-purlfylng respirator with hood, helmet, full or half facepiece, and a canister which provides a service life of at least 4 hours for concenratlons of vinyl chloride up to 25 ppm. or ' (B) Gas mask, front- or back-mounted canister which provides a service life of at least 4 hours for m,action level, a determination of employee exposure under paragraph (d) (1) of this tion shall be performed. (4) The method of monitoring and easurement shall have an accuracy (with a confidence level of 95 percent) of not less- than plus or minus 50 percent (vi) Not over 10 ppm (A) concentrations of vinyl chloride up to 25 ppm, Combination type C supplled-air respirator, de mand type,- with half facepiece, and auxiliary self-contained air supply; or (B) Type C suppited-air respirator, demand type, with half facepiece; or (C) Any chemical cartridge respirator with an organic vapor cartridge which provides a service life from 0.25 through 0.5 ppm, plus or minus 35 percent from over- 0.5 ppm through of at least 1 hour for concentrations of vinyl Chloride up to 10 ppm. SL 028129 [Section 1910.93(q)(4) amended at 39 FR 41848, December 3, 1974 and was redesignated as 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975] Occupational Safety & Health Reporter (Sec. 1910.1017(g)(4)] 102 TOXIC SUBSTANCES S-8S 31:8345 (5) (i) Entry Into unkown concentra (Section 1910.93q (j) amended at 39 FR materially impaired by continued ex tions or concentrations greater than 36,000 ppm (lower explosive limit) may be made only for purposes of life rescue; 41848, Occcmoer 3, 1974,and redeshnated as 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072. May 28, 19751 posure, such employee shall be with (iv) The fire hazard and acute toxic drawn from possible contact with vinyl chloride. and ity of vinyl chloride, and the necessary <ii) Entry into concentrations of less protective steps: than 36,000 ppm, but greater than 3,600 (v) The purpose for and a description (6) Laboratory analyses for all bio logical specimens included in medical examinations shall be performed in labo ppm may be made only for purposes of of the monitoring program; ratories licensed under 42 CFR Part 74. life rescue, firefighting, or securing (vi) The purpose for, and a descrip (7) If the examining physician deter equipment so as to prevent a greater tion of, the medical surveillance hazard from release of vinyl chloride. program: mines that alternative medical examina tions to those required by paragraph (6) Where air-purifying respirators (vii) Emergency procedures: (k) (1) of this section will provide at are used: (viii) Specific information to aid the least equal assurance of detecting med (i) Air-purifying cannisters or car employee in recognition of conditions ical conditions pertinent to the exposure tridges shall be replaced prior to the which may result in the release of vinyl to vinyl chloride, the employer may ac expiration of their service life or the chloride; and cept such alternative examinations as end of the shift in which they are first (ix) A review of this standard at the meeting the requirements of paragraph used, whichever occurs first, and employee's first training and indoctrina (k)(l) of this section, if the employer (ii) A continuous monitoring and tion program, and annually thereafter. obtains a statement from the examining alarm system shall be provided where (2) All materials relating to the pro physician setting forth the alternative concentrations of vinyl chloride could gram shall be provided upon request to examinations and the rationale for sub reasonably exceed the allowable concen the Assistant Secretary and the Director. trations for the devices in use. Such sys (k) Medical surveillance. A program tem shall be used to alert employees when of- medical surveillance shall be insti vinyl chloride concentrations exceed the tuted for each employee exposed, with allowable concentrations for the devices out regard to the use of respirators, to in use.. (7) Apparatus prescribed for higher concentrations may be used for any lower concentration. vinyl chloride in excess of the action level. The program'sEalT provide each such employee with an opportunity for examinations and tests in accordance stitution. This statement shall be avail able upon request for examination ar.d copying to authorized representatives of the Assistant Secretary and the Director. (1) Signs and labels. (1) Entrances to regulated areas shall be posted with leg ible signs bearing the legend: Cancer-Suspect Agent Area Authorized Personnel Only (h) Hazardous operations. (1) Em with this paragraph. All medical ex (Section 1910.93q (1) (1) amended at 39 FR ployees engaged in hazardous operations, including entry of vessels to clean poly vinyl chloride residue from vessel walls, shall be provided and required to wear and use; (i) Respiratory protection in accord ance with paragraphs (c) and (g) of aminations and procedures shall be per formed by or under the supervision of a licensed physician, and shall be provi ied without cost to the employee. (l) At the time of initial assignment, or upon institution of medical surveil lance; (1) A general physical examination 41848, December 3, 1974 and redcsknated as 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, Ma~y 28, 19751 (2) Areas containing hazardous oper ations or where an emergency currently exists shall be posted with legible signs bearing the legend: this section; and shall be performed, with specific atten Cancer-Suspect Agent in This Area. (ii) Protective garments to prevent tion to detecting enlargement of liver, Protective Equipment Required skin contact with liquid vinyl chloride or spleen or kidneys, or dysfunction in these Authorized Personnel Only with polyvinyl chloride residue from organs, and for abnormalties in skin, (Section 1910.93q (1) (2) amended at 39 FR vessel walls. The protective garments connective tissues and the pulmonary 41848, December 3, 1974 and redesignated shall be selected for the operation and system (See Appendix A). as 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, Ma~y 28, its possible exposure conditions. (ii) A medical history shall be taken, 1975| (2) Protective garments shall be pro including the following topics; (3) Containers of polyvinyl chloride vided clean and dry for each use. (i) Emergency situations, A written operational plan for emergency situa (A) Alcohol intake; (B) Past history of hepatitis; (C) Work history and past exposure resin waste from reactors or other waste contaminated with vinyl chloride shall be legibly labeled: tions shall be developed for each facility storing, handling, or otherwise using vinyl chloride as a liquid or compressed gas. Appropriate portions of the plan to potential hepatotoxic agents, includ ing drugs and chemicals; (D) Past history of blood transfu sions; and Contaminated with Vinyl Chloride Cancer-Suspect Agent [Section 1910.93q (1) (3) amended at 39 shall be implemented in the event of an (E) Past history of hospitalizations. FR 41848, December 3, 1974 and redesig emergency. The plan shall specifically provide that: (1) Employees engaged in hazardous operations or correcting situations of ex (iii) A serum specimen shall be ob tained and determinations made of: (A) Total bilirujain; (B) Alkaline phosphatase; nated as 1910.1017 at-40 FR 23072, May 28, 19751 (4) Containers of polyvinyl chloride shall be legibly labeled: isting hazardous releases shall be (C) Serum glutamic oxalacetic trans equipped as required in paragraph (h) aminase (SGOT): Polyvinyl Chloride (or Trade Name) ContaLtrs of this section; (D) Serum glutamic pyruvic transam Vinyl Chloride (2) Other employees not so equipped inase (SGPT) ; and Vinyl Chloride is a Cancer-Suspect Acent shall evacuate the area and not return (E) Gamma glustamyl transpeptidase. (5) Containers of vinyl chlonae snail until conditions are controlled by the (2) Examinations provided in accord be legibly labeled either: methods required in paragraph (f) of ance with this paragraph shall be per this section and the emergency is abated. formed at least: ^ Vinyl Chloride (j) Training. Each employee engaged (i) Every 6 months for each employee Extremely Flammable Gas Under Pressure in vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride who has been employed in vinyl chlo Cancer-Suspect Agent operations shall be provided training in ride or polyvinyl chloride manufacturing or (ii) In accordance with 49 CFR Parts a program relating to the hazards of for 10 years or longer: and 170-189, with the additional legend: vinyl chloride and precautions for its safe use. (1) The program shall include: (i) The nature of the health hazard from chronic exposure to vinyl chloride including specifically the carcinogenic hazard; (ii) The specific nature of operations which could result in exposure to vinyl chloride in excess of the permissible limit and necessary protective steps; (iii) The puipose for, proper use, and limi tations of respiratory protective devices; (ii) Annually for all other employees. (3) Each employee exposed to an emergency shall be afforded appropriate medical surveillance. (4) A statement of each employee's suitability for continued exposure to vinyl chloride including- use of protec tive equipment and respirators, shall be obtained from the examining physician promptly after any examination. A copy of the physician's statement shall be pro vided each employee. (5) If any employee's health would be Cancer-Suspect Agent applied near the label or placard. [Section 19I0.93q (1) (5) (ii) amended at 39 FR 41848, December 3, 1974 and redesig nated as 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975| (6i No statement shall appear on or near any required sign, label or instruc tion which contradicts or detracts from the effect of, any required -warning, information or instruction. (m) .Records, (l) All records main tained in accordance with this section 6-12-75 SL 028130 Copyright 1975 by The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. [Sec. 1910.1017] 103 31:8346 REFERENCE FILE shall include the name and social secu rity number of each employee where relevant, t2) Records of required monitoring (n) Reports. (1) Not later than 1 month after the establishment of a reg ulated area, the following information shall be reported to the OSHA Area Di ^ rheasuring, medical records, and au- rector. Any changes to such information orized personnel rosters, shall be made shall be reported within 15 days. and shall be available upon request for <i) The address and location of each examination and copying to authorized establishment which has one or more representatives of the Assistant Secre regulated areas; and tary and the Director, (ii) The number of employees in each (i) Monitoring and measuring records regulated area during normal operations, shall: including maintenance. (A) State the date of such monitor (2) Emergencies, and the facts ob ing and measuring and the concentra tainable at that time, shall be reported tions determined and identify the instru within 24 hours to the OSHA Area Di ments and methods used; rector. Upon request of the Area Direc (B) Include any additional informa tor, the employer shall submit additional tion necessary to determine individual information in writing relevant to the employee exposures where such expo nature and extent of employee exposures sures are determined by means other and measures taken to prevent future chan individual monitoring of employees; and (C) Be maintained for not less than emergencies of similar nature. (3) Within 10 working days following any monitoring and measuring which 30 years. discloses that any employee has been Ui) Authorized personnel rosters shall be maintained for not less than 30 years. <iii) Medical records shall be main tained for the duration of the employ ment of each employee plus 20 years, exposed, without regard to the use of respirators In excess of the permissible exposure limit, each such employee snail be notified in writing of the results of or 33 years, whichever is longer. the exposure measurement and the steps (2) In the event that the employer being taken to reduce the exposure to ceases to do business and there is no successor to receive and retain his rec ords for the prescribed period, these rec ords shall be transmitted by registered mail to the Director, and each employee individually notified in writing of this within the permissible exposure limit. fSection 1910.93q (n) (3) amended at 39 FR 41848, December 3, 1974; Section I910.93q was redesignated 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975] transfer. (4) Employees or their designated representatives shall be provided access ^^texamine and copy records of required ^Hpitoring and measuring. former employees shall be pro vided access to examine and copy re (o) Effective dates. (1) Until Janu ary 1, 1975, the provisions currently set forth in 1910.93q of this Part shall apply, (2) Effective April t, 1975, the provisions quired monitoring and measuring records set forth in Sec. 1910.93q of this Part shall reflecting their own exposures. apply. (6) Upon written request of any em [Section I910.93q(o)(l) and (2) amended at ployee, a copy of the medical record of 40 FR 13211, March 25, 1975; Section that employee shall be furnished to any 1910q was redesignated 1910.1017 at 40 FR physician designated by the employee. 23072, May 28, 1975) Appendix A--Supplementary Medical Information When required tests under paragraph (h)(1) of this section show abnormalities, the tests should he repeated as soon a3 prac ticable, prererabty within 3 to 4 weeks. If tests remain abnormal, consideration should be given to withdrawal of the employee from contact with vinyl chloride, while a more comprehensive examination Is made. Additional tests which may be useful: A. For kidney dysfunction: urine examina tion for albumin, Ted blood cells, and ex foliative abnormal cells. B. Pulmonary system: Forced vital capac ity, Forced expiratory volume at 1 second, and chest roentgenogram (posterior-anterior, 14 x 17 inches). C. Additional serum tests: Lactic acid de hydrogenase, lactic acid dehydrogenase Isoenzyme. protein determination, and protein electrophoresis. D. For a more comprehensive examination on repeated abnormal serum tests: Hepatitis 3 antigen, and liver scanning. (Secs. 6 and 8, 84 Stat. 1596. 1599 (29 U.S.C. 655, 657); Secretary of Labor's Order No. 12-71, 36 FR 8754) [1910.93q added at 39 FR 35896, October 4, 1974; Section 1910.93q was redesiznated 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975] 1910.1500 Standards organizations. Specific standards of the following or ganizations have been referred to in this subpart. Copies of the standards may be obtained from the issuing organization. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists 1014 Broadway Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 American National Standards Institute 1430 Broadway New York, New York 10018 National Fire Protection Association 470 Atlantic Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02210 SL 028131 Occupational Safety & Health Reporter [Sec. 1910.15001 104