Document 4w5RwYL80q7w17rMENKdBJg1

FILE NAME: Union Carbide (UC) DATE: 1970 Aug 6 DOC#: UC042 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Internal Report - Status Summary - Mid 1970 Asbestos Toxicology with Cover Letter to International Shoe Co. VOW 1 T H E o i s c o v e r y c o m p a n y PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT b . c # ft. E. B y rn e ft. L. Ingall P. McDaniel / y a s y n i j i y A: .......... ' / ( KX RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT ( r p ( 'n / r H V 3A _i_.L / (f; L..V 'o^v.-.V -UNION CA RBID E CORPORATION 4625 ROYAL A V E.. . O. BOX 8 7 . N IA G A R A PALL8. NEV/ YORK 14302 J. L. Hr J. A. Ri A. ntevfa August 6, 1970 Mr7~John Juett International Shoe Co. Box 3248 Bryan, Texas Dear Mr. Juett: The asbestos toxicology information which was promised during my recent visit to Texas is attached, p e presentation points out the most pertinent statements, but in recognition of the pitfalls of quoting out of context, also provides the com plete articles for your examination. It has also been learned that we have a man in the UCC Industrial Hygiene Department in Hew York who m ^ f r . checks on our asbestos plant operation in King c*Wornia. If you think it would be helpful, we would be glad * to have him visit with you in Bryan and possibly also talk with your Union representatives. His asbestos experience is particularly pertinent to your problem. * As we also discussed, International Shoe would have no further interest in asbestos unless it provides worthwhile costperformance advantage over an alternative ,approach which me -bout have the toxicology opposition. Prom what you. ^ v e your end use and high shear compounding, I woiiid tlii-nk that Hgli Purity Pellets will work as well, or quite possibly beuter^than, T-135 Open. The HPP product costs less than half as much as T-135* Current price lists are enclosed. It was pleasure talking with you and we hope that^this information will make it practical for you to *5 asbestos. If we can be of any assistance* please let us knot HBR/bsn ' Attach. cc: Mr. K. E. Wiley Very truly yours* P I. A p A -rl-h , H. B. Rhodes / . Technical Services - CALIDRIA Asbestos n t, ' % 4 S t5it*. ! STATUS SUMMARY - MID 1970 .ASBESTOS TOXICOLOGY 1 1 CALIDRIA ASBESTOS . UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION P.O.BOX 579 NIAGARA FALLS, N.Y. 1^302 INTRODUCTION .4. Over the past several years a great deal has been said in the public press regarding the potential health hazards of asbestos. Much of this has been based on a classic work of environmental medicine by Dr. Irving J. Selikoff now at the Mt, Sinai School of Medicine in New York City. Although Dr. Selikoff*s Work covered only a single end use, sprayed asbestos for the insulation of steel frame buildings, it has been extrapolated and interpreted by others to give a widely held impression that asbestos is an extremely dangerous material. This report is intended to provide some of the most recent information on this subject so that objective Judgments may be made. V CONCLUSIONS These references lead to the conclusion that there is a hazard in the use of asbestos. As the McGill study points out, however, even under poorly controlled dust conditions ..."the total number of respiratory diseases attributable to asbestos was very small." Asbestos thus appears to be a typical industrial raw material, i.e*, it has some handling hazards but can be used safely as long as reasonable care is exercised. There are explicit govern ment specifications on allowable dust levels that constitute safe handling. * -- The Union Carbide Corporation Industrial Medicine and Toxicology Department has prepared a m$>re detailed summary of the current state of knowledge on asbestos toxicology. It is attached for reference. EXPERIENCE WITH SPRAYED ASBESTOS IN THE BUILDING TRADES ^ A synopsis of Dr. Selikoff s latest thinking is given in an article in the Engineering News Record of April 2, 1970. A cony of this article is attached for reference with the following quota tions particularly pertinent here: "Prom buildings under construction there is often a gentle floating fall of a cottony . material. This material that fails to adhere to the steel as it should and blovrs up, down* around and across a job and sometimes over wide sections of a city on windy days." "The resulting storm of asbestos dust is a potential danger to everyone on the job, according to Dr. Selikoff. He has not as yet gathered extensive data on the threat to the general public and will not guess the possible incidence of asbestosls or lung cancer among those not directly working with asbestos but intermittently exposed to it in a casual Way." "Dr. Selikoff says that products in which asbestos has been bonded into the material, such as floor and ceiling tiles, roofing, siding, and pipe, are not considered a cause of cancer," This position is also amplified by the following additional quotations of Dr. Selikoff from anothersource.vl), SELIKOFF . Of the eighty-seven men who didn't smoke cigarettes, we didn't expect any to die of lung cancer, because people who don't smoke cigarettes by and large don't die of lUng Cancer* although a few do. That has been our experience among the asbestos workers as well. We have yet . to see in New York City a death due to"Htng cancer * ' in an asbestos worker who didn't smoke"cigarettes. ' On the other hand, of the two hundred and'eightythree men who had a history of cigarette Smoking,' we should have expected, as cigarette Smokers, two or three deaths due to lung cancer. There have (l)Men and Molecules. American Chemical Society News Service, ll55 Sixteenth St. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 -3 been twenty-seven. This indicates that there is some combined multiple effect between asbestos and lung cancer. Dr. Hammond has calculated that an asbestos worker who smokes cigarettes has ninety-two times the risk of dying of lung.cancer as compared with a person who neither works with asbestos, nor smokes cigarettes. Therefore, if asbestos workers will stop smoking cigarettes, and many have, we can probably eliminate a large part of the risk of lung cancer among them. NARRATOR ` Unfortunately, at this point, there is no simple way to reduce the other possible result of working with asbestos-- the appear ance, twenty-five to thirty years after the fact, of mesothelioma, the cancer of lung and abdominal tissue, that is now a fatal and virtually.incurable disease. SELIKOFP * We have observed mesothelioma among . asbestos workers who do not smoke cigarettes. ' Therefore, a second approach.is necessary: the approach of sharply decreasing the expo sure to asbestos. Now, most of these men began work, and were exposed to asbestos7 at a time when the risk was not known. There^~* fore, precautions were either minimal or non- \ existent* We now knovr these risks, andj there- fre it is important for us to design measures^ Knowing these risks / t o eliminate them It is important to note that Dr. Selikoff Worked with men who generally had extended exposure to generally high levels of asbestos. This leading medical expert in the field is advocating that asbestos be handled with reasonable care, not that it be banned. ;EXPERIENCE IN ASBESTOS MILLS AND GENERAL ENVIRONMENT . The most recent information in this area was reported in the magazine Asbestos in May 1970. A copy of this article is attached for reference. The results of a three-year survey by a research team from the medical faculty of McGill University provides the following key information: "...at present levels of dust exposure In modern asbestos mills, even 30 years' `employment would probably not carry any '.y1;"" measurable risk of lung cancer11 . "Two points must be emphasized," declared Dr. McDonald. "First that the dust exposure experienced by these workers occurred many years ago when environmental conditions in the asbestos mills were poorly controlled and second, that the total number of respira tory diseases attributable to asbestos was very small." . "The two sets of results confirm the association between occupational exposure to * asbestos and'these two.varieties of respira tory cancer. The results are nevertheless encouraging In that they suggest the risk is virtually confined to levels of dust exposure # which are controllable, if not already con i- ' trolled, In most Canadian asbestos mines and mills." Perhaps the most significant aspect of this work is the find ing that: ' "There was no increased number of cases whose contact was limited to residence in the neighborhood of asbestos mines or mills." * i ' It is noteworthy that these workrs also find that additional factors beyond asbestos are probably involved in mesothelioma. . "Close surveillance over the occurrence of suspected mesotheliomas in Canada, so as . to better understand their cause. Asbestos . exposure has failed to explain most of them and is probably not the only factor when present." Dr. McDonald commented. ACTION BY THE U.S. GOVERNMENT t j Allowable levels of industrial dusts have long been controlled by th Federal and State governments. The latest thinking has been incorporated into the Walsh-Healy Public Contracts Act which went into effect on February 17, 1969. A copy is attached. This Act reduces the allowable level of asbestos dust from 5 to 2 million particles per cubic foot. Although it has been generally -5 . accepted that a worker will not develop asbestosis if he is exposed to no more than 5 million particles per cubic foot of air, even if the exposure continues for his entire working lifetimey the reduction. in allowable limit represents an effort to increase the safety factor^ - 1*  t s J V h J I* AfcGH/iyH IL L 'S C O ilS IM IC lIO N iv tin L Y ~ ~ stetos if* AP. 'AV-.t`-'V -;^*r'/ T^~T'.-r^rT ~ y " ' Medical researches have found strong evidence that sprayed asbestos used in fireproofing steel-framed buildings causes cancer in men who work on these buildings. The hazards of asbestos are becom ing a public issue. New York City is considering regulating its use and a California legislator introduced a bill this year t prohibit installation of as . bestos inside air duct systems in public buildings. So far, however, no positive legislative action to control its use or method of application has been enacted. The most likely victims arc the men who spray the asbestos mixture on ex posed steel members and ductwork and apparently inhaled the heaviest amounts of asbestos fiber. Once asbestos fibers enter the pulmo nary or gastrointestinal tract, they never leave the body, never break down. Medical research is making an Increasingly strong case against these fi- bers as a source of cancer. . " The asbestos fibers and .dust par ticles, those highly visible during a praying operation and the millions of microscopic ones, also cause, asbestosis, which is associated with lung cancer. Three physicians have statistically tied asbestos to cancer among workers in or closely allied to the building trades. They are: Dr. Irving J . Sellkoff, director of th Division of Environmen tal Medicine at Mt. Sinai Hospital, in New York City; Dr. Jacob Churg, chief pathologist at Barncrt Memorial Hos pital, of Paterson, N.J.; and Dr. E. Cuy- Icr Hammond, vice president for epide miology and statistics of the American Cancer Society. In 1962 they compiled a list of 632 men who, as of Dec. 31, 1912, had been members of two metropolitan New York City locals of the International Association of Heat and Frost In sulators and Asbestos Workers (IAH- FIAW), AFL-CIO, and who had been ex posed to asbestos for 20 years or more. Union, medical and insurance records showed that in the 1932-1962 period, 262 out of the 632 had died, seven be fore 20 years of exposure. On the basis of ages of the study group, the normal death total should have been 203. Moreover, 45 died of lung cancer, when actuarial tables anticipated only six. And another 50 deaths resulted from other types o f cancer. .O f this number, 29 died o f gastro-intestina! cancer, although only 10 would have been the normal num ber for this dis ease. Still working with the original list, Dr. Setikoff later found that between January, 1963, and March, 1963, of the 370 survivors of the original 632 men, 113 more had died, while standard mortality tables would predict only 50 deaths. O f the 113 deaths, 28 were caused by cancer in the pulmonary tract, eight by gastro-intestinal cancers and 15 from asbestosis, which is a build-up of scar tissue in the lungs re suiting from the presence of asbestos particles. . . < . The scarring impairs thc'lungs so se verely that they cannot absorb suf ficient oxygen. There is no cure. Death, a strangulating,'coughing dem ise is.the only end. . Dr. SelikotT savs that products in which asbestos has been bonded into the material, such as floor and ceiling tiles, roofing, siding and pipe, are not considered a cnusc.oLcnnccr.__ T he data that scares. The data dis closed by Dr. SclikolT pushed the New York City Department of Air Resources into a start on writing regulations that would regulate the spray application of asbestos for both fireproofing and in sulation. . The regulations would require: Be fore insulating and fireproofing mate rial is applied, the entire floor of the area involved in the operation be cleared of all objects, materials and equipment except that needed to apply the material. , As the material falls to the floor, fra ments be swept up immediately a:> placed in special containers. Wet sweeping of the area, and v a unting to pick up the material that ! dried. Enclosure tarpaulins not be c'i mantled for 24 hour after complcti'- of clean-up unless adequate mechanic means are provided to clean the r within the enclosed area. Great Britain already has strict'rcg-. lation of sprayed asbestos fireproofir (see box). Richard L. Ottinger, a Democrati member of the House of Represent: tives from Westchester County, N.'i last week latched on to the sprayed-a bestes operation as an environment issue with political appeal. Ottinger, a cosponsor of the feder. Air Quality Act of 1967, charges th.- New Yorkers are exposed to tons of c ir ccr-causing asbestos dust every year. H specifically cites the sprayed-asbestr method of fireproofing buildings an demands that the federal governmen Impose regulations governing the use c asbestos. He says the federal Air Pollutki Control Administration can act ne Under authority already provided b- the Air Quality Act. Th apparent virulence of asbestos i mote than table of death rates to C tinger. Ev ears ago it struck at Mi Kitzmilicr, now Ottinger's legislate : aide. When Kitzmiller was making re pairs on his house, some loose asberto insulation fell Into an open cut on h` shoulder. T he Cut healed, but one year Is the scar developed a " mean-lookii dark area around it," according t- Kitzmiller, By last summer, the scar be came painful. Tests.showed it was ma lignant. Surgery removed the cancer. Hitting the obvious. O ttinger, nc\ sccking-she Democratic nomination fo U.S. senator from New York, was call tin flUnntinn /> ________ L m?Ry persons in cities across the coun try, but undcistood by a relatively small number. From buildings under construction there is often a gentle $ floating fall of a cottony m ntcrinr'ITTis is material that fails to adhere to the steel as it should and~Blo\vs up, down, around and across a job and sometimes over wide sections of a city on windy J d a ^ The fireproofing material is a mix - ) 0C ... ture of asbestos, rock wool and cement. It is contained on the job in a cone shaped hopper equipped with a worm gear at the bottom that feeds the mix into a hose. Compressed air, at about 22 psi, pushes it through the hose to a nozzle. Approximately 1 tn. beyond the nozzle's end, the dry asbestos-rock wool-cement mix interacts with a stream of water running through a sec . ond hose. ; The wet fireproofing material then is sprayed directly against the steel mem bers previously hosed down with water to improve bonding. . About 200 tons of sprayed fiber m a terial is .used on a 30-story building. Depending on weather conditions and measures taken to provide some enclo sure, as much as 50% of the sprayed material may be wasted. The resultine storm of asbestos dust is a potential danger to everyone on the o job, according to Gr. Scli'koTf.- ilc has not as yet gathered extensive data on the threat to the generafpuHlic ahd"wilf cot guess the-po5sIb1e~incrdence of as.b_e_s_to_s_isi or lung cancer among those not directly working with aSbestoTFut' in ' termittently exposed to.it in a casual repercussions. Chief among them is . 1prayed asbestos fireproofing opci.v. at the twin 110-story towers oT ` World Trade Center in New York C On this job, which will require an c `5 I t mated 5,000 tons of sprayed f proofing,'specially designed tarp.n cover the exterior of the floors b fireproofed. The tarps extend dm the window openings and are tuc! C.1,* back under the sprandrcls so that mo .1 rs f, % p- - .\ ! -- .~ Aj rial being sprayed will not escape fr the area and fall on other floors, cr -V v i \ V * - , h r ^3 % rounding streets. Moreover, the being sprayed is closed off inside building with plastic sheeting so t! the materials will not drift into ad .cent work areas. ' Asbestos airborne is source cf worry. New York City has also taken aitial step by preparing rules to c c the application of sprayed-asbestos T he helping hands. Dr. Selikoff has proofing. But the regulations have : received support from the insulators gone much further than an initial dr and asbestos workers international since the city's Environmental Pro; union since mid-1950. The union first iion Administration and the Depr provided the health histories of its ment of Air Resources have ro t h members. Then' in October, 1968, commissioners at the helm for st'-z Johns-Manville Corp., of New York weeks. T he rules, therefore, have i City, the largest producer of asbestos in ' been pushed. this country, joined with the inter As proposed the regulations wci national union in backing Dr. SelikofTs require that' sprayed asbestos fi work with cash. The company and the proofing contractors obtain a liccnsf union provided $352,500 to finance a addition, the area of a building b:i new program called the Insulation In sprayed would be tightly sealed, - dustry Hygiene Research Program precautions approximating, ar.d (I1HRP). Dr. Selikoff directs the pro some cases, exceeding those now in gram out of M l Sinai Hospital. ' feet at the S690-million World Tr^ IIHRP's primary purpose is to develop Center project. ; methods of minimizing exposure of all Should such regulations ever becc insulation workers to dust and fumes' effective, they would raise costs of fij encountered on the job. , proofing with sprayed asbestos. A stn1 The program has already had some turat engineer reports the costs m Cange between 30 cents and 60 cen j sq ft And another broad estimate car Great Britain restricts asbestos spraying from M ario & DiBonno Plastering C Inc., o f Great Neck, N.Y., which sa The United Kingdom, with exten plication with the Department of the approximate cost of fireproofing j sive statistical materiat linking as Employment and Productivity 28 30-story building is S250.000. bestos to cancer, only last year days before asbestos is to be applied One of the five major companies th cracked down on the use of asbestos on a structure. tnake the spray-asbestos material h in the building trades. Operation of exhaust and ventilat sought and succeeded in developing' T he thorough, detailed and ing equipment in the area of asbestos spray-on fireproofing compound th' apparently restrictive regulations application. contains no asbestos. The manuf.'j j have all but eliminated asbestos- Mandatory use of respirators by turer, U.S. Mineral Products Co., spray fireproofing as a method, ac workers in asbestos-contaminated Stanhope, N .J., said that the new pre cording to an officer in the National areas, and wearing of special cloth uct, Cafco Type D-C/F, will be on t Federation of Plastering Con ing. The mask ond clothing must be market in about a month. I tractors. He says that instead of us provided by the contractor. . ft contains mineral wool and pi ing sprayed asbestos as the fire Storage of asbestos in "suitable prietary binders It will not identify, proofing agent, contractors arc containers," marked with blue paint will cost about 10% more than spray- J boxing asbestos panels around the or ink, "asbestos--do not inhale." asbestos fireproofing material. : structural members. Vacuuming o i all surfaces, ma Company officials say that they c The regulations require: chines and equipment in areas where vetoped the new material because of t! F lltn e r F i r tin r/xn r- fr t - i . , . . _----------t u a i THE INFLUENCE O F ASBESTOS ON HEALTH Three-Year Survey The results of "a three-year survey by a research team frofii the Medical KncnJly of McGill University into the health of workers in Quebec's asbestos minim industry stillest that, :ii tin-vi-m ||-V,;|V| ,'if dust exposure in modern nsliestos mills, ' cyt-H <*:irs /tmilovnn'iit w n u ld probably mn carry any l m - a M i i n - ' i . ; m Inn;; cancer. I Ik* mimetic;: ot asbestos on health has been the subject of intensive research in many parts if the world mainly Itc- cattse of the discovery that, in certain circumstances, cxjtosurc to the mineral liber may lie related to cancer of the lung and to m esotheliom a, a cancer of the covering of the lung. Snp|Hirtcd ly substantial grants from the Institute of iDcrupatimtal anti Environmental Health of the Quebec As bestos Mititng Association as well ns from the U.S. Public Health Service, the epidemiological studies formed jeirt of an international research program coordinated by llic l.'nion Internationale Cunlre le Cancer. I leaded by Dr. J. C. McDonald, of McGitl University's Department , of Epidemiology and llcnllh, the irtlcrttational research lemu's investigations were aimed at assessing flic risks of Jung cancer to jiersons exjmsed to Gtitndian Otryso- tile asbestos. Another primary put|ntsc was to review all aspects of the healtli of workers in Queltrc's asltestos mines and mills fn ensure that it is cflieintilv protcctetl. . Ur. McDonald rejiorted on the rmilings of a study of mortality and causes of death in mhih* I2,(XXI industry em ployees itbru lictivrcti UiWawl 1 The survey sbm m l that the 10% of these employees win Itrlonged to the higltest dust- J exposure gtotn had an overall *lentIt rate about 12% higlter , than the others, mainly due to asltcstosts. Jung cancer and : other r:spitatorv complaints. The lung cancer death rate in .th is smite group was altout three times higher titan- that of employees with minimal dust expoMire. Seventy jter cent of this group ot etnplovecs wlm Iteltmged to. lltc lowest dust- e.\)tosore categories had little o r no increased mortality from these diseases, , ' "Two points must he emphasir.nl," declared Dr. Mc Donald. " I'irst. that the dnt extuxttre e r t f ricnced h r these workers occurred many years ago when environmental cou- Pjqe 2 ASBESTOS -- M*y IT70 /HllonsJti the asltestos mills were nnnrlv rnmrnUed.mul. see* roinl.liinl the total number of respiratory diseases attributable to ashes! os was very .mail, 1 Ijr. McDonald then reported on the results of findings from surveys throughout Canada oC deaths ditc to mesothe lioma.' During the 1960 6.1 period only 105 fatal cases had been recorded by pathologists throughout the entire country. .. Field inquiries confirmed that in a minority oi cases there , was a definite history of having worked with asbestos. Almost all tins bistories were of exposure in tbe manufacture and industrial application of the mineral, milter than in the pro duction of asitestos filter. There was no increased number of. cases wbo<e contact was lin n ie d to r e s id e n c e m Hie ni;lilwTr-^ tioon m asticsios mines nr mtlls._ I he two sets of results cotilimt tile association between ' oerttp.ilnin.il f .\|KtMire to asbestos amt these two x a iir t n -s m respiratory cancer. I lie results are ncvcilit:!>. e n c o u ra g in g tit mat they suggest the risk ts vutuailv votmiico m i<\ -is m tlust e .\|H isnre wlncit are emit wlla hit*. it not a ire .-.ite <t.n Iinili ii. 111 iiu in I t .iii:nlian a>hc-to im nr a m l,n n iiv to hgiu ol the researchers' findings. u ita- been livid -d to Vnutiuuf the reseatrlt program, with Asltestos linlitsirv su|i|Nirt. for .further five years. The cm cm led reseat vli pro gram into the health of (Jurltcv's ii.tHKI nsliestns worker will have lltcse main nlijertivcs: (1) *1*0 record and analyze deal Its and their cause to enable tltr present approximate estimation of wltal constitutes a safe level of lust concent rat ion to be more accurately ilrfiucd. ( 2) Close sttrveillattre over Ibe occurrence of siorci-ted m rsnthchoittns m (..aiiatla. so as Iw tter t o t u n i r r s t . n n l o -ir causi*. |" A sliest o s e x p o s u re lia s ta ile d to e.\|ilatti m o -i fl n ie in a m i is p r n o a b l v n o t th e o it t v 'la c t * r w n e t i o r . - - . *i. i i r . t -i I In ctiilaltomlinn with the Industry`s industrial clinics it* Tbetford Mines and Asltestos. it is plaunetl to intriHlme new procedures for the regular perin*lie meilical su p e rv is io n of asltestos workers, based on the lessons learned during the thrcc-ycar study just completed. . .-........ , i DFCrSTON-MAKING SYM P O S Il*M--The'9th in tentatinnnl Symposium on Techniques (or Decision Makinq i in the Mineral Industry will be held in Montreal. Canada. June 14-19, 1970. Pig* 4 ASBESTOS -- My |?70 *U!.t5 a n o rec-u a io n : S S i ' ^ S i i S i * - ii Sajfvor D--CciS!, Vcpan, Fvm, C;-i. csd Mltit PAP.T 5CV-204-- SAFETY AND HEALTH tO-rO.JO Cues, .vapors. funet STANDARDS FOR FEDERAL SUP tntato. 80-OS.Ci Inspection ef PLY CONTRACTS . cylinders. Sofcy end Heollh Slondords 80-SO4.C3 Acetylene. 60-204.67 Oxygen. * On November 8. 7. and 8. 19S8. Inter esad persons were afforded an oppor- 60-204.63 Hydrogen. 60-201.es Xltrous oxido. v *'*" # ***'**" Ki l Q 80-204.70 Compressed gases. ---- --- .............te si-.r.iung c. < rTTon 1Tc7 of the Act cr.d the cantare' 11 requires. Everj-such m.' , I - ~ ..... ....... >!.. ' or consideration. . tri >es' non i 1 . <*,f Whenever any applicable standard In this Part S0-204 is relied upon by tr oa Proposals to revise Tart . *0-204 of Tltte 4h Code of Federal Reg ulations, end section 50-201.502 of that . title published in the F cderai. R e c is t -ti on September 20. 1958 <33 FJt. 14?53). Interested persons were also afforded an opportunity to submit written data Views, and arguments concerning the proposals. . 80-204.72 pressed gas containers. Bofe practices for weldteg and cutting on containers which Pave held combustibles. Subporl E-- Transportation Scfsfy 80-204.75 T ransportation safety. * Svbpoil F--Von'oliem 60-204.80 Variations. erensdpoonfdeantcoInnttrva,-c.t subject the.reto n v After consideration oi all such relevant matter as was presented by Interested persons. Part 50-204 and { 50-201.502 are 2o3e f crct>~ revised V Indlclftsa *bcldv/`: '7~ri- S53~ RvIseaT5^20i:36 republishes the radial / T s , n,i tion standards for minlnrr t>uhn<Vi*ri , 5uoPa f* cope and sppUcatlon. . Svbpcit 81--Central Safely end KtollS Standards 0-2043 0-204.3 0-204.6 80-2043 80-204. C 0-20-1.7 -0--2-0-4--.80-204.10 Genera! safety end beeltb stand eanrdc*e.: incorporation by refer Material bsndlloj and storage.' Tools and equipment. Mneblne guarding. Medlenl services and Srat aid. Personal protective cqulpeieai. of compressed air. Occupational noise exposure. ..... --" v* autu con tract will be performed r.or will any of thea materials, supplies. articles. or equipment, (e) Compliance with the standards to be manufactured or furnished under' e-pressed in this Part 50-2C4 is ntended. and shall not be deemed to said contract be manufactured or fabri cated in any plants, factories, buildings, re.xve anyone from any other obIl"a- or surroundings or under working condi t-on he may have to protect the health tions which ere unsanitary or hazardous and safety of his employees, arising frein or dangerous to the health and safety of Iemployees en.-'aged In the performance of F^u'tbrLnce^Co0n1threarctsthAtcnt. stuoceh Vas/aSlstaht-eH. eloalceayl law or collective bargaining agreement! Prbperl e--odiotion Slondords 0-20430 0-20431 0-20432 80-20433 . 8O--043S 80-20438 n . . 80-20-.--7 80-20433 0-20-1.30 80-2001 80-204.22 80-234.23 Radiation--Dednltloaa. exposure of Individuals to radia tlon la restricted areas. exposure tb airborne redtoaeilve material. Precautionary procedures and persouncl monitoring. Cs-Jtlon signs, labels and signals. Exceptions from posting require ments. Exemptions for radtoactlvi aV>- . Paeiogcd for sb'.piaeot. Xnsirvtctlcn of personnel icciaj, Storage or radioactive mi terlais. Vfaxtc dl.--.pbisl. Notification of Incidents. Reports of overespoxurs end cs- cesalv levels rad concentra tions. Records. . Disclosure to former rnipiujvo of Individual etnployeo'o record. 7 con' 6,r* requirements concerning . ______ ___ the instruction of personnel, notification Heollh S'obA 'J , ' of Incidents, reports of exposures, end . conn s.ondords maintenance and dlrdosurc oi records. *0-20-1.2 Centra! safety and fieatih Cb) Except in the conduct of foimci n n i.a r .I s j incorporation by refer, penafroirvcnemen.tfpirkoic--eeid--in-g>s--p--r-ov. ided f.o. r in i wls . gator every* - ------- -------------a--- - V* ti'Vi determining whether there are or havs been violations of the safety and health tin ted S_i.es o. A rteries Standards Instituto . requirements of the V/a!sh-Kealey Public . (A--etican Stand v-Oj Association), Contracts Act and of a n y contract sub- ti NA~ mar t*eiorr;incaa=ln FSSiooreccllxiFttyyroootf:xJJtffiecoccahhaAnnlsc!toac!riEaEUi.-.ogmain.etectrss Jcct thereto, and whether n settlement oi j Salary tir Testing and .Vatcriats. the resulting Issues should be made with- ,,__T-- -c.J,mntcsen,,:ai*il A.agracio. t:a- out resort to administrative or court llti- p4uIub^.-.clna^tlb"o*ya av aoyf oi t lllust.-Htloa la d lc a ltd t.o.e.gs..i.af.o.c.ll.leoxw: la.:' ' fEOSCAl srcisrt#, VOL 34, NO. 12--flOAT, JANUAU 17, 111? 0 fcULcS AKD REGUIA710NS , Cl) /.fortto Energy Act Sources. Any employer who pooriiarj cr uac- rourco cuch variation is nrccr.cary to obtain r., (3) Dor other than Urarite-t min-- material., byproduct material, or torch'd beneficial uro of radiation cr ttemia energy. (2) such benefit li of cuTe.'cn; for rraco workers la all nil'm; paragraph (1) o: this paragraph"V.-* ' nuclear material. cs defined In tho Atomic Enercy Act of 195'!, cj emended (42 value to vrarrant tho variation, (3) em ployees T/lil to t be expend to an luidtio applicable: PrcniccC, Acu.cczr, Tr- ' co environmental cample < - V.C. 2011 cl seQ.), and hr.* either regls tered such sources with. or Is cporr.tlng hazard. and (4) appropriate action r/lll centretlon greater than 9.23 V -- under a license Lssued by. ?. S tate which be token to protect the health rad ralety of cueh employees. level In any occupied part cf the r: tho maintenance cf Individual ccc- - - has on agreement In effect with tho Atomic Energy Commission pursuant to (b) Applications for such variations records and the calculation of indh: ' . section 274(b) (42 U J S .C . 2021(h)) of tho ehould bo filed with tho Director. Eurcau of Labor Standards. TJSj. Depart exposures v/lU net be required. ' (d) <1) At the request of cn emp;- A*ntodmInicaEccnoerrdgaynAcectwoitfh1t9h5e4.roesqueimreemndenedts. ment of Labor, V.'eshlngton, D.C. 20210. (or former employ ec> a report of the * of the.t State's loirs end rcrulotlons shall S 5Q-"04.36 ncdiolloti Ccncteriis tor ployce's exposure to radiation as sh be deemed to be In compliance with the mining. in records maintained by tho triple; radiation requirements of this part, Inso- (a) For the purpose of this section* a pursuant to paragraph (c) of this : ior as Ids possession and use of such ma "working level" Is defined ts any com tlo.n, shall be furnished to him. The : terial Is concerned, unless the Secretary of Labor, after conference with the bination of radon daughters In 1 liter of air which will result in the ultimate port shall bo in writing end contain ' following statement: Atomic Encrey Commission, shall deter emission of 1.3 r. 10* million electron- This report la furnished to you un-*- mine that the.Stote's program for con volts of potential alpha energy. The provisions ef the .3. D epartm es: o'"l -- trol of these radiation sources Is incompatlblc with the requirements of this part. numerical value of the "working level" Rr.Ctf.tlca Safety CyR 69-204.30), end Vcu Health StaaC-rCs should pres--7c Is derived from the alpha energy released Such asreemcats currently are In effect by the total decry of short-lived radon report for future referesso. " ' only In the States of Alabama, Arkansas, daughter products In equilibrium with (2) -The .former employee's w-e- California, Kansas, Kentucky. Florid?.. J00 plco-curics of radon 222 per liter of should include appropriate Identlf-- Mississippi, New Hampshire, Kerr York. fclr. A working level month Is defined as data, such as social security numbrV- North Carolina. Texas, Tennessee, Ore- the exposure received by a" worker J 1*1 e*`d locations of employment ton. Idaho, Arizona, Colorado. Louisiana. Kebrws'ca, and Washington. KbrtAeAatIKhIitnlWg kaiinr ak It aoi.nteeA working Ale_v__eAl *con centration for <y3 weeks of <0 hours ^ I : * * Subpor D--jGcses, Vcpcre, Fum- (2) Other sources. Any employer who each. tlusls, end Mills possesses or uses radiation sources other (b) (1) Occupational exposure to fi 50-20-1.50 Cases, vapora, faine;, then source material, byproduct mate radon daughters In mines shall be con and mists. ' rial, or special nuclear material, as de trolled so that no Individual will receive fined In the Atomic Energy Act of 1?54 an exposure ` as amended 2 UJS.C. 2011 ci teq.). and level mon has either registered such sources T/ith, period and *r Is operating under a license Issued by months In any consscu.... a State which has an agreement In effect period. Actual exposures shall be kept 'Threshold Limit Values of ith the Atomic Energy Commission as far below these values as practicable. Contaminants for 1553" of the Ame.-Ie pursuant to section 274(b) (42 UjS.C. (2) In enforcing this section, the Di Conference of Governmental Irdue1- 2021(b)) of the Atomic Energy Act of rector of the Bureau of Labor Standards Jlyglcnlsls except for the follow' 1954, t s tcisncfsd, tnd In fcccordmct may at any stage approve variations In ionderds--the values listed *n Tb' ^Ith the re$ulrea:ents of that State's Individual cases from the limitation sot Of this section which are the subject : Jaus and regulations shall be deemed to forth In subparagraph (1) of this para i-rrent USASI standards and except be In Compliance with the radiation re graph to comply with the requirements the values of Mineral Dusts_Tab! IS quirements of this pirt. Insofar as his of the Act upon a showing to the satls- this section as they appear herein. possession and use of such material Is fr.ctlon of the Director by an employer (b) In all cases, feasible en;ln~'-' concerned, provided the State's program having a mine with conditions resulting controls must first be determined and ir ior control of these radiation sources Is In an exposure of more than <4working, piexnented. Methods of control in t! the subject of a currently effective deter- level months but not more than 22 work working environment Include local ex tnlnation by the Secretary of Labor that ing level months In any 13 consecutive haust ventilation, genercl room air vcr. uch program Is compatible with the re months that (1) under -the particular tilatlen for dilution of the ceatamlnr.r.' quirements of this part. Such determina tions currently are in elect only In the facts and circumstances Involved tho working conditions of the employees so eubstltutlon ef leas toxic material, r.r States of Alabama. Arkansas, California, exposed are euch that their hsalth and ITsoIlati,o?n or. eneclosuroe of the process i Kansas. Kentucky, Florida, fdlsslsslppl; safety ere protected, end (11) the em- op iJ'tUon- ** e" 3 *here protect! Ijew Hampshire. Kew York. Korth Caro lina. Texas, Tennessee,, Oregon, Idaho, IlpetV'voepyltcstr has a bona fide oftff *evxnpAo.*s1uArAe Itoa rptt*khl"aao*nesaetvovsinpirvooeduckluMflcwso.diitthIlinuce. **iulpment or protective equipment fidflrdfllMUoamn Itoa soltkhaear meesures als used. es te Arizona. Colorado, Louisiana, Nebraska, subparagraph (i> of this paragraph 3 xnethod of protectlng the aployes suc and Washington. toon as practicable, but In no event later than January 1,1371. protectlon xnust be epprored or esc S 50-204.35 i Application for variation* from room lion level*. (c) For uranium mines, records of enpectflc cose by a competent lndustri- hyglenlst. ' " vironmental concentrations In the occu <a) In accordance with policy e x - pied parts of the mine, and Of the tin s . ; . . T&eu X pressed La the Federal Radiation Coun spent In each area by each perron in ; : ... . ' t-h r. tln cil's memorandum <oncoming radiation volved In underground work shall bo es ' Sftighte protection guidance for Federal agencies tablish:! end maintained. Those records S?tro;t> SuiaC (Z37J-19M),_SOopa (25 PJb. 4402), the Director, Bureau of shall be in suGlcicrt detail to permit cal Tutucas (237.13-1537) Labor Standards may from t'me to time grant permission to employers to vary culations of the exposures. In units of rurmaldchyds (237.16-1237)___ 3?m Crtoa Ttr&ebtort<S* from the limitations contained ln JJ 59 working level months, of the Individuals (237.7-19S7)........................... !C?-cr 304.21 and 50-294.22 when the extent of end shc.Il be available fot Irtopcclton by Tvlchloretnylas (Z37.:r-I337)... ICOypa variation Is clearly specified and It is demonstrated to his satisfaction that (1) the Secretary of Labor or his authorized agents. ToiraehJoreeUylees (237Z:-!3C7) l-J-pa EjCrJjca FluorlCo (S37X3-1CC3). 3p?m Fluorlds Pust es r (237k3-15C3). .Jcie/M1 Fo. 13--?t. n -- - mote/jt t:oi5T:.7, v c i. n o . i : --rtiPAY, jvcja- y i r v>*o isti r.U!E5 71KD ftSOfiATJO.VS tm >a tHKSUVK'.-^ hpci f-AT *C!;V ' i*nr*.-&i-i-- yui-U ( k e ^ s : 9)------ ia C u v t i (Te*.\J t>u)___ Crsjob JIU : U n H ti tiJu Ca!cub:<<! tro3 U n tour,! e Biiva f u ra c i * l Ir ^ - x n t . T t lJ jrm lv .: V :> j tt. rolo W ie u W l bo a ih . k r a u t 1st s u ir t i. . JU uisUrplobaooao\ oniduct-oj.rt-i.r.a..i.n..a.l. ttSlOH- JiEltM-; . tOr-at TUiOji-3 *J t-rr-fn TttooSlU. ZSiOj SOaii/U* t a -w f j Ora u n 1 - IQ^UJ. su tilico): AslW-CS-- C f.b-.-J M ElUl'f Uw i r r i t e I t e s i n le rs sj * tnlervslbic* Jtiea*. ....... -- ........ ______________ 1 .............................. Port a a d C t s r n t ...:........ . . SC o'*il?D"o t'I(nvt"tpl1-1t.b..b...I.r.tc..U..c-a Ir a tbmn " , E lO J.............. ............. ' r.s io ,. SS3) ta u . lAme/ti1 ltac*r/U cyllndara ebri! bo In aoeerdsnto with Compressed Geo AstocirAlca Fr-m"'-'''!; C--i-lCoC. -------- <`o) Tha piped cy.-dcmsfcr the t-e.ivsfcr rjirt blribulien of ceeii'-po ihrJI be dsrJ.tned. Inatr.iied, maintained operated In Mcerdmc). citb Cent p11r5es3s.ed Gcs Asecclr.ticn ra!o_,v,lcl C-l rM2(r.H3) ehrJl ba con.-u->d L-> r- curdr.nesiv-iu. the U3 . / TrrJisportalion rcouJ ; f ^ , rc<ulrc= T 1' d0 rc - Chaov -- I P : } - }: i /- of the Urdiorm --?oV..rnS nlYiHeCi?ic Lavs andCoOmrmdiinttaene*-c"-n-- UiorJ-- Edttion. ehail be utrd. ` <c> Plan is for the cencratien of ceityIcne end the charplna (ftliLny) of ccetT-' lane cylinders chail be d-'s'cird constructed, end tested In accordanw wltli the standards prescribed In Com pressed Gas Association Pampldct C--l.C-- 19CC. , . . 50-204.67 0=yCen. . ne ln-plent transfer. Jiandllnp, siorc.se, and utilization of oxygen as a Mould or a compressed ecs shr.n be In r.coordencs rdth Compressed Gas Association Pamphiet G-4-HS2. Subpn:) F----VofiolJons 8 50--20-1.0 Variation, (a) Upon tho written request of any ip-crested person, the Director of the Sureau of Labor Standards may Ln p '-tlcular cases apply variations from thprovisions of this part ln cnforc'*^ LV V/alsh-Healey Public Controls Art M lov/lnc consideration of the part'-ui--facts and circumstances Involved whencver he Is sr.tisflcd that the safety and Jw -th of empioyeci Is ccjirly prol"c,''d hy such variations. 6 50-20-i.CS Cydropcu. . * <b) The provisions of this a-ctio* shall . ^"he ln-p!r.nt transfer, hreedUnp, tier- . h o . apply to 53 50-20*J5 and S0-2C.3C einpef,-cfcinodrduatnilciozavt;ilothn Cofomhypd:-eaerp-~adn Gtle'r'--.yAbso- vXa7ri.a.t.ionCs0Ept:r,-o!ncedsuerpeasrate and. e'prclGc 5^-igcT pinph!st5 G-5.1-IC01 tied C5- 2. Section 50-291.502 Is revised to read c s follows: - 6 50-20-1.69 Nitrous oxide. ' 6 50-201.502 Kecord of Injurler tn Rrrit^tpitnKtuitlru>r-'rraUDo-ao,,:, "%910,+J ts laj/%t* The piped systems for the ln-p!r.nt * <a) Evciy person who is or shall be transfer and distribution of niirons c.*;*--'e come a party to a Government c er'-r-t ?otI D o s .................. *3 Uai^iP ah?Jl bo designed. Instilled, maintained vvhlch Is subject to the provisions of the xnd operated Jn accordance rrlth Com \/ciah-He.aIey PubUc Contracts Act and K otk: Coavcoloa t e t e ; * pressed Gas Association Fanphlei G-- t a s resulatlcns thereunder, or who Is H ftlX D J c !S a i m e rti! Btlr 8.1--156-'. ` parfonnlnc or shall perform any pak of VCJIoas f parptiirdtoicri*tjrteesrictao.tot ef ai. b" rJ ca 50-20-1.70 Compressed carts. in c h contract subject to Lhe provls'ens c r such act or resulatlons. shali mriatah fcnp.-v:umi*s ccsatr bj UcU-IMtsebsJti. The ln-p'm t hmdltnj. stomsc. rnd the records specified beiov/ which shall t - ' l U t u r c f t ' i i t rj-aitbitvj C a l a it a "ir--n -' ti ^ icccuiit cvj-c-Jr.cd boa r.'j-isna anpt j.";VeS it-illation of ail compresred c'-sm In c*l- cvsJa..o for Inspection by author*'-^ SOJVOTIO, Mvi^p'jw-*lftHi'jJV}, *" **-" c.lloda ta bcS Inders. portable tanks, m il tankce.rj.'cr motor vehicle carso shriTbs in rep. erentat!ves Labor: cf the Secretary of C3 X ,,!sr=lieJ by tbi o c -iirt;* p lija co lerv i n<-.;nl2ci*.:an. tltcr ttlie-1 ot cccordsnea with Ccmprcsc-J Gas Az:o- G ) P^eeords of all injuries to c n - ,:a ,:13J-d cb.tlcn Pamphlet P-1-1955. Comprcer-d p.oyees, lnciudiny a brief dercription of cosnlnt!oa tereco, esorti fcr Ov. Cts cylinders, portable tanks, end car^o the manner of occurrence and the a tta'Jea e Ihb Un; .*?nS tanss shall have pressure relief devices cad duration of disability. ' bSSu***"8* *5* iS SSSriS. vhlsh shall be Installed and mnLrtairv*d a cordanca -vdth .Compressed C-as r ,i<f,?lnP ors of injury frequency rates, AcroJynaale Lvsste **4 Htate Association Pamphlets S -l '- ' cea fr-i`S calculated annually on a calendar y c ^ basis commcnclns the -first of January (unit f c r r .J' 1S55 addenda) d iw S lis c s V o* each year, as deflhed in United Sutes S 50-201.71 Safety relief devices for America Standards Institute.- z ic .l- II X o compressed C;j containers. ` of Rccordinc and Keastir1S T7ors Injury Experience." 10 10 a*0 Compressed ess cylinders, porisbio tsnlcs, and carco tanks shall have pres- - t<3V?*?ords of Wury verity rates *ure relief devices Lnstailed tad main calculated annually on a calendar yk^ tained In accordance with Coap-ees-d basis commcncLns the first of Jar.uai? Gas Association Pamphlets S-1.1-1CC3 * opoh year, s defined ln United States l 5^"23-6S Ic ije tlc a of e o a jr s u i tose/lindera. and 1 E35 addenda and &-1J3-1CC3.* o- America Standards Instituto, z ic j ~ Each contractor shan determina that fi 50-201.72 _ Safe practice; for vsldinend cutting on containers vliick kayo J.9S7 "ilethod of Recording and MeasurC2 V.'ork Injury Experience." compressed m cylinders under Control tre In o tafo condition to tho held combustibis;. <b> Tho records required In poraeraph ertent that this can bo determined by V7eldln or cuttlrvj cr io lh cn con <e) of this esetien shell ba kept on > t T" '**1 ^ s ^ v o n . Visual end other Ln- tainers v/h'.ch have held rasnmablo'or lee.'.t 3 years from the date c! entry! .ipections shad] be conducted cs prescribed combustible solids, liquids, or cases. c~ fc) V*hcre records are kept on o /1ccai In Lhe Kaaardous I ' ' ` * ~ have H*A.4k contained .V A a M ^ . 1 p. 1sb. _s_tar.cm rhJeh may cz insuranca jeer bc_L\ they shaU be e the n9ioC5*71t1-------i-nir uiiu J jgri accepted i beinjj In compliance v i 'h f 03 ; thcco regulations ere coi applicable, visual end other Inspections accordance with Lhe' ndea arid prece- rabparajraphs (2) and 3) of paracrap'h fa) of this section. * ihall bo conducted In accordance with dures embodied in American T7c!din2 <Sec. , 40 6Ut. 503S: 41 UJS.O. 2333) Compressed Gas Association Pamphlets Eoclcty Pcmphlet A-5.C-53. edition of iocs . -SipTied at V7ashlc3ton, D.C. this ICLh C-G-1C3 end C-S-1CG2. d cy o . January 1539. 6 50--2C-.6-5 Acrl/iene. , Subpor) C--Trcnspoflelion Scfeiy WnxA_ns V7rr. V*3 Thc V'"p!-""-t Irr-nsfer. handling. -ora;c, end Utilization of acetylene In 8 50-201.75 T ransportslion tafear. Transportation In connection vdth ` Secretary of iJitcr. |PJW !>>;. 9-353; ruesf. Jaa. je. lccj- public conlrac*- as listed Ln 1 53- . *:4S t n . ) , * fm iisd ttoisjrr. v e t ss, no. i?_rmtv op .v">' THE P IG C O VinY COUPAI tY < ! ' \ ! A /C r ~ 7 /'r r^ 1 ASBESTOS TOXICOLOGY RETORT ' It has been known for years that some persons working in asbestos production were prone to develop a disabling lung disease. In time, this condition became known as osbestosls and wa& related to exposure to high concentrations of asbestos dust.- With further experience, it was found that tnen could work with asbestos without development of lung disease if dust concentrations were kept below a certain level. . It has been generally accepted that a worker will not develop asbestosis if he is exposed to no more than 5 million particles per cubic foot of air, even if this exposure continues for his entire working lifetime. Although no cases of asbestosis are known to have occurred when exposures have been maintained at.or below this level, the ACGIH (which sets the threshold limit value (TLV)' in the . S. A.) has indicated they intend to lower the TLV for asbestos to 2 million particles per cubic foot in an effort to increase the safety factor Incorporated in the limit. The U. S. epsrtmnt of Labor has already issued a regulation under the Wnish-Healy Act placing the TLV for asbestos at 2 million particles per cubic foot for public contracts in which they have jurisdiction. This concentration of dust is generally hot visible in the average work area unless a beam of light causing a Tyndall effect is present. Usually the dust concentration must be from 8-10 million particles per cubic foot (MPPCF) before its presence is visible in average lighting conditions. ' Several years ago, it was reported that there was an Increase in the incidence of cancerous tumors, especially of the lung, associated with asbestosis. Recently there have been reports of some cancers occurring in individuals exposed to asbestos dust, but who have not developed clinical asbestosis. It is believed by most authorities that these cases hve been associated with exposures significantly exceeding the Threshold Limit Value. A type of cancer named mesothelioma has been noted to be associated with asbestos-exposure in recent years. These tumors, while rather few in number to date, may occur in individuals with histories of only slight exposures, and that as much as twenty to forty years earlier. There is considerable evidence that crocidolite is most frequently associated with mesotheliomas. From the data available it appears that th TLV of 5 UPPCF may not be low enough to protect against mesothelioma. Research on the problem continues. Control of asbestos dust exposui-e is therefore necessary. The control wst o s ore the otnndard ones applicable to a variety of dusty operations. They include closed flow systems, wet processes where possible, and adequate exhaust ventilation where openings in the system are necessaty. Pelletizing is sometimes used to improve the handling characteristics of otherwise dusty materials. Where satisfactory containment to stay within the Threshold Limit Value is impractical or impossible, efficient and reliable respirators are available for the protection of the employee. A program of hvitonmental monitoring is highly desirable to determine that Threshold Limit Values are not being exceeded. In manufacturing industries it would be desirable to know the dust concentrations where the asbectcs is dumped from bags into the process. Concentrations should also be determined where dusting occurs in finishing products. While initial dust determinations should be made at frequent intervals, once the level has been established as satisfactory, the frequency may be extended to occasional .tests to assure continuation of a satisfactory condition. . Pre-employment end periodic physical examination of Workers Are desirable. These should Include chest X-rays to insure that the worker has no chest condition prior to work with asbestos and to determine that ho lung changes are resulting from work with asbestos. It is believed that the addition of asbestos at the proposed levels during the manufacture of products would be harmless to the consumer. Total dusting would have to be well in excess of any levels acceptable to the consumer for the asbestos concentrations to approach the Threshold Limit Value. In conclusion, while asbestos dust in excess of the Threshold Limit Value is potentially harmful, as are many other dusts encountered In Industry, it is as readily controlled as other such dusts and it can b used safely with appropriate precautions. . . 5 /8 /6 9 Industrial Medicine And Toxicology Department Union Carbide Corporation