Document 4vjGy53j19r7q9ELozZYe42pj

OCTOBER 59, 1969 Environment The huge water requirements of the chemical industrynow the nation's third largest user--make water quality and availability increasingly important factors for site selectors. Legislation enacted in recent years has forced planners to pay close attention to pollution control standards. All 50 states have had their water quality standards ap proved entirely or in part by the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration (FWPCA). Recently a state-by-state summary of key standards was put together for the first time. Surprisingly, it was not the FWPCA that did the job. Instead it was handled by an American Public Health Assn. (APHA) subcommittee headed by TVA Health Director F. E. Gartrell, assisted by the APHA Engineering and Sanitation Section. A portion of the study, covering standards for surface industrial water, is summarized in the tables starting on p. 80. Contrary to widely held opinions, there is considerable variation in state standards. Take the dissolved oxygen (DO) standard, for example. Minimum allowable DO (as milli grams per liter or percent saturation) is the single most impor tant standard to chemical site evaluators. As a rough rule of thumb, a 2-mg./l. standard is considered to be one industry can live with comfortably, while a 6.0 mg./l. value is pegged "extremely tough." California, Wyoming and Washington have set the stan dard at 6 mg./l. or higher. But a few states such as Con necticut, Maine, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Virginia and Wisconsin require 2 mg./l. or lower. Other standards--notably turbidity, taste, odor, color and solids--may also be important, depending upon the nature of the chemical plant's waste effluents. These standards also ex hibit state-by-state differences. Moreover, they are generally less specific than the straight numerical DO standards. Although chemical plant site experts see little point in "running from tough standards," the criteria do make a difference: Plans for two nonferrous metals plants in Puerto Rico are now on the shelf, because of standards that call for a 4.5 mg./l. DO, no wastes that interfere with the esthetics of the waters and other specifications. No compilation of ground water standards has yet been published. Ground water standards may prove important in the future as companies are forced to use costly deep-well dis posal for wastes. Availability of ocean waste disposal services is also looming more important. Waste Cost.: The price tag for pollution control is high. A recent FWPCA study on the organic chemicals industry esti mated that water waste-treatment facilities can increase in stalled capital equipment costs 40% or more. Between '69-'73, the organic chemical industry would have to shell out $182.5 million to remove 10% of its biological and chemical oxygen demand waste and 65% of its suspended solids. Removal lev els of 83%, 13% and 71%, respectively, for biologic oxygen de mand, chemical oxygen demand and suspended solids would require $242.6 million, while 98%, 30% and 89%, respectively, would up the ante to $608 million. Cleaner Air: Establishment of air quality standards is not nearly as far advanced as are water standards. The National Air Pollution Control Administration (NAPCA) is still desig nating regional air control regions. At last count, 16 regions had been formally designated and another 41 had been pro posed. NAPCA has issued air quality criteria and control technology data for sulfur oxides and particulate matter, will follow with similar studies for other pollutants. Once criteria and control data have been issued for a pollu tant and control regions have been designated, a complicated process involving standards, hearings and implementation and enforcement plans will be initiated that can take over a year to produce standards. So far, no firm sulfur oxide or particulate standards have emerged. But NAPCA's criteria for setting the standards sug gest they'll be tough. The oxide criteria report, for example, emphasizes that there are deleterious effects to man at con centrations as low as 0.04 ppm. NAPCA's control data reports present detailed appraisals of various methods and equipment, along with estimated costs. As in the case of water, the costs will be high, although some pollutants--mainly sulfur dioxide--will have recovery values. NAPCA is sponsoring a number of research projects to improve technology. Pollution control is being spurred by financial assistance programs (mandated by state law) now operative in the following 28 states: Arizona, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin and West Virginia. In addition, Pennsylvania offers financial aid sanctioned by administrative regulation. Several slates, including Utah and Maryland have legislative studies under way. The incentives take a variety of forms. Most common are exemption from personal property taxes (e.g., Arkansas), fast depreciation (Arizona), exemption from ad valorem equip ment and structures taxes (Connecticut), exemption from lo cal taxes for stated period of time (New Hampshire), operating loss deductions (New York); credit against state in come tax (Oregon). Quantity: The large chemical complexes now in vogue make water--and lots of it--a major site criterion. The cooler the water is, the better, for it can reduce the investment in heat-exchange equipment. Occasionally, plants can manage on ground water, but usually surface water is required. That means location on or near the big, drought-resistant rivers. There are less than 200 rivers in the U. S. with minimum flows over 50 cu. ft. per second (CW Oct. 5, '68, pp. 94-95). For companies whose plant needs at least 100 cu. ft/second, the list numbers only 150 (excluding Alaska). Sea water is generally avoided because of high equipment corrosion costs. Piping water in is expensive. Duval, now opening a 1.5 mil lion tons/year sulfur mine in the arid Northwest area, was forced to install a 36-in., 38-mile-long water line and a 40- million-gal. reservoir. Cost of the water supply system hasn't been disclosed, but it is estimated that the tab was at least sev eral million dollars. The adequacy of domestic water resources in the year 2000 has recently been evaluated by the Geological Survey. Na tionally, projected demand will be 173% of potentially as sured supply. Only in three regions, New England, Ohio, and the South Atlantic Eastern Gulf, will future water require ments be easily met. Economic growth may be handicapped in nine regions: Eastern Great Lakes, Lower Mississippi, Up per Missouri-Hudson Bay, Lower Missouri, Western Gulf-- Rio Grande, Pecos, Colorado, Great Basin, and Central and South Pacific. -- DSW 337640 79 STLCOPCB4081545 For the first time, a summary of water quality standards set by all 50 states. Dissolved pH Allowable Temperature (F) allowable oxygen Increase (minimum, Range Deviation Maximum above ambient mg./l. or %) Other Requirements Alabama e.o-8.5 l.o 90 (24 hrs.) 93 (any 8 hrs.) 93 (cooling water) 10% 10 2.0 at 5 ft. or Radioactivity, Color, Teste and Odor, Toxic Substances: Only in middepth if less amounts that would not render waters unsuitable for industrial- tnanion. cooling and process-water supply purposes. Solids: Free from > waste materials that cause unsightly or putrescent conditions .......... or Interfere directly or indirectly with Industrial use. Alaska 7.0-8.0 0.5 70 5.0 Radioactivity: Not. to exceed limits of PHS Drinking Water Standards. Turbidity: No imposed values that would interfere with established levels of treatment. Color: True color less than 50 color units. Taste and Odor: Shall not unreasonably Impair esthetic considerations. Solids: No dissolved solids above na tural conditions causing corrosion or scaling problems. No visible evidence of other floating solids or sludge deposits. No imposed sediment loads that would interfere with established treatment levels.* Toxic Substances: Chemical constituents should be below concentrations found to be of public health significance.*'?;; -' ' ; ' Arizona e.5-8.6 0.5 93 5 Radioactivity: Not to exceed 1/30 of the MPC value given for continuous occupational exposure in NBS Handbook 69. Turbidity: 50 JCU (streams); 25 JCU (lakes). Colon Free from waste mate rials in amounts sufficient to change existing color enough to interfere with industrial use or to create a nuisance. Taste and Odor: Free from wastes in amounts sufficient to produce enough taste and odor to create a nuisance or interfere with industrial use. Solids: Free from wastes that would be unsightly, putrescent, odorous or in amounts that would interfere with industrial use. Toxic Substances: Free from wastes toxic to human, animal, plant or aquatic life or in amounts that would Interfere with industrial use. Arkansas 6.0-9.0 l.o (24 hrs.) 95 5 4.0 (average Radioactivity: "Rules and Regulations for the Control of ionizing for any cross Radiation/' Arkansas Board of Health, apply. Turbidity: No dis section) tinctly visible increases due to wastes. Color: Shall not be in creased to the extent that it interferes with Industrial use, present or future. Taste and Odon Must not cause offensive odors or otherwise interfere with industrial use. Solids: No dis tinctly visible persistent solids, bottom deposits or sludge banks due to wastes. Toxic Substances: Must not be present in amounts toxic to human, animal, plant or aquatic life. California 6.5-8.6 7.0-8.6 (Coastal waters) -- 71.6* (fresh water) None that would cause ecological change or harm aquatic life (coastal waters)* 6.0 Coastal water: 5.0 (uniess naturally lower) Radioactivity: Shad not exceed 1/10 of the MPCv values given for continuous occupational exposure in NBS Handbook 69. Turbidity: Free from wastes that could alter water's existing turbidity. Color: Free from substances attributable to wastes that produce detrimental color. Taste and Odor: No substances that impart foreign taste or odor. Solids: Dissolved solids in fresh water must not exceed 300 mg./l. at any time; annual mean: 175 mg./l. Settleable solids must not be able to change nature of stream bottom or harm aquatic environment. Toxic Substances: At all times free from concentrations harmful to humans, aquatic life or wild or domestic animals. Colorado 5.0-9.0 -- 93 3.0 Radioactivity: Not to exceed 1/30 of the 168-hr.-week values in NBS Handbook 69. Turbidity: Must not interfere with estab lished levels of treatment. Colon Wastes present must not cause appreciable change in color or interfere with industrial use. Taste and Odor: Free from wastes that cause odor or ap preciable change in taste. Solids: Free from wastes that are unsightly, putrescent or odorous or would interfere with use. Toxic Substances: Free from wastes in concentrations or com binations sufficient to harm human or animal life. Connecticut 6.O-9.0 -- None unless it does not exceed re commended limits for in dustrial use 2.0 Radioactivity: Limits to be approved by appropriate state agency. Turbidity, Color, Taste and Odon None in such quanti ties that would impair industrial use. Solids: Limited to small amounts that may result from discharge of appropriately treated wastes. Toxic Substances: Free from chemical constitu ents in concentrations or combinations harmful to human, animal or aquatic life. Delaware 6.5-8.5 -- 5 50%* or 4.0 Radioactivity: Alpha emitters limited to 3 pc/1.; beta emitters, to 1,000 pc/1. Color, Taste and Odon None in concentrations that cause color, taste or odor. Solids: Free from unsightly and malodorous nuisances due to floating solids or sludge de posits. Toxic Substances: None in concentrations harmful (syner- gisticaliy or otherwise) to humans, fish, shellfish, wildlife or aquatic life. Florida 6.0-8.5 1.0 -- -- 4.0 Radiation: Gross beta--1,000 pc/1. (in absence of Sr-90 and alpha emitters). Turbidity: 50 JCU. Color: Must not render water unfit for industrial-cooling or process-water supply purposes. Taste: Must not render water unfit for industrial use; phenols 0.001 maximum. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 1,000 mg./l.; monthly average: 500 mg./I. Must be free from floating wastes that are unsightly or deleterious or other wastes that settle to form putrescent or objectionable sludge deposits. Toxic Substances: Free from wastes harmful to human, animal or aquatic life. Cu, 0 5 mg./l.; Zn, 1.0; Cr, 0.05; Pb, 0.05; Fe, 0.3; As, 0.05; F, 10.0; Cn, none detectable. * 80 DSW 337641 STLCOPCB4081546 pH Allowable Temperature (F) allowable ' Increase Range Deviation Maximum aboveambient Dissolved oxygon (minimum mg./l, or%) Other Requirements Georgia 6.0-8 5 -- 93.Z" lO" (above ,,, 2-5 JRadioactlvity: Must conform to state statutes Turbidity, Color, Intake) .sKwr.fj,?a3<g0e){daily aver- Taste and DdoriTreefrom wastes that cause objectionable conditions or Interfere with Industrial use. Solids: Free from wastes qiat are unsightly, putrescent or otherwise objectionable or would Interfere with industrial use. Toxic Substances: No wastes In concentrations that would prevent fish survival or interfere with industrial use. .... Hawaii 6.5-S.5 --- _, ' -V "SSFVJB ^ jf /, 4.5 Radioactivity: Not to exceed 1/30 of the values given by NBS , Handbook 9. TuiW<fity: Free from soil particles from erosion . ,. caused by land development or agricultural use. Taste and Odor: ^ ^ Wastes, after dilutlon and mixture, must not interfere with In- : /lustrial use- Toxic Substances: Free from substances In con- j*art|Wi6oir'.`hauiWI Jo human, animal, or . marine life or that Idaho b 5-9.0 0.5 Illinois 5.0-9.0 -- S5* Indiana 5.0-9.0 -- 95' Iowa -- Kansas 6.5-9.0 -- " 90** Kentucky 5.0-9.0 -- nc , . 73" fDec.Feb.) Louisiana 6.0-9.0 96.8" Maine 6.0-9.0* 0.5* 90"* Maryland 5.0-9.0 - (unless natural) 300* Massachusetts 6.0-9.0 * -- - >90" 2* Only if water 68* or 75% {at sea- Radioactivity: Not to exceed limits of *62 PHS Drinking Water sonat tow) ^ ;j^Staodards. TurbIdHy: No objectionable turbidity that can be ' V`J' v > traced -to a point source. Solids: No Boating or submerged mat- j , - r ' ter; no sludge deposits Butt could adversely affect industrial i' ^ _ r, use. Toxic .Substances: No wastes of other man natural origin . in concentrations of public health significance or that could ' , . adversely affect Industrial use. :2.0...-Taste'and.-Odor;-fwe from wastes met produce color, 3.0(forl6hrs. odor or taste in such a-degree as to create a nuisance. Solids: nerinrf? ^^/Vr.Free from Boating wastes mat settle and form unsightly, dele- peraj ~ terious or -putrescent deposits. Toxic Substances: Free from wastes in concentrations or combinations harmful to human, , _ animal, plant or aquatic life. 1.0 2.0 (dally average) ^olWfTarteand Odon Free from wastes that produce color, ^ ?taste or odor In such a degree as to create a nuisanpe. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 1,000 mg./l.; monthly aver age. 750 mg./l; Must be free from unsightly, putrescent, dele terious or otherwise objectionable wastes. Toxic Substances: Free from wastes In concentrations or combinations harmful to human, animal, plant oc aquatic fife. Color, Taste and Odor Free from wastes that produce color, taste or odor in such a degree as to be detrimental to Industrial use. Solids: Free from floating wastes In amounts that would be unsightly or, deleterious or other wastes that Settle to form putrescent or objectionable sludge deposits. Toxic Substances: . No wastes In concentrations or combinations detrimental to human, animat or aquatic life or to industrial use. 4.0* Turbidity: No increase that causes substantial visible contrast with natural appearance or that is detrimental to industrial use. Colon Discharges of color-producing substances limited to con oentrations not detrimental to industrial use. Taste and Odon Concentrations limited to those that Would not result in notice able offensive odors or otherwise Interfere with industrial use .Solids: Free from floating debris or material in amounts that would be unsightly or detrimental to industrial use. Toxic Sub - stances: Pollutions! substances must be maintained below con centrations detrimental for industrial use/ , 2"/hr 10*/day 5.4" 50% Color, Taste and Odor: Wastes must not create a nuisance. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 1,000 mg./l.; monthly 'average: 750 n?g./l. No floating wastes in unsightly or dele terious amounts; no other wastes that settle to form putrescent //or objectionable fudges. Toxic Substances: No wastes in con- centratlonsw combinations harmful to human, animal, plant ' or aquatic life. ^ "r ~X ' >"? / \ " - Radioactivity: Specific limits sat for all radioactive Isotopes re leased as waste. Solids: None that would produce floating . -masses, sludge banks or beds on bottom, either organic or In organic. Toxic Substances: No wastes in concentrations or com binations harmful to animal or plant life. 2.0* Radioactivity: Not to exceed *62 PHS Drinking Water Standards. Turbidity, Color, Taste and Odor: Free from wastes that impart turbidity, color, taste or odor or impair industrial use. Solids: - Tree 'from sludge deposits, solid refuse and floating solids. Toxic Substances: No chemical constituents from waste sources (harmful to humans or that adversely affect industrial use. 4.0 (unless naturally lower) Color, Taste and Odor: Free from waste materials that change existing color or produce taste and odor to such a degree as to create a nuisance or interfere with industrial use. Solids: Free from wastes that float, settle to form deposits, create a nuisance or interfere with Industrial use and are unsightly, putrescent or Odorous. Toxic Substances: Free from toxic wastes that interfere ,: [with Industrial use or that .are harmful to human, plant, animal " or aquatic life. <:V'sTi 2.0 -Ra&oactivtty: None in concentrations harmful to human, animal ./or aquatic -life. Turbidity, Color, Taste and Odon None in con centrations that would impair industrial use. Solids: None al- r- < .'^owed except 4hat which may result from the discharge from J '7 waste-treatment facilities .providing appropriate treatment. Toxic ; " Substances: None In' concentrations or 'combinations harmful ..,. ,to human, animal or aquatic Ilfa. j ,,, DSW 337642 81 am STLCOPCB4081547 Water quality standards m P$&&s ^pateBp ` " RangeOevlation Maximum "aboveambient,. mijl* Of %> mHHi ^~ j Sr,, OttfietRequirements wj&s^aiaaasB^m^i^ . Michigan B.5-8,8 os~. ' ',.- -;,.- Iff- ' Enough to pro Radioactivity: Standards tobe established when information *" \ ' vent nuisance Js avallabtejMi deleterious effects. Turtriiflty, Color; No objec- '. - , -. , ' tiorstoleTurmatural turbidity or color In quantities sufficient to '. ' Interfere wiHi Industrial use. Taste and Odor. Below levels that * ' * , fc4> . "^re w/njay become Injurious to Industrial use. Soflds; Dissolved , ,. .. solids mustnot exceed 750 mg./l.; monthly average; 5M moV1- -- bio boating'solids or objectionable deposits In quantities that '- ' would Interfere with Industrial use. [Toxic Substances: Limited fjo concentrations less titan .those that are, or may become -. _ ...................... . produce color or J5&8r!SW>?;r'iKcrr - ------ Solids: Dissolved .... -jtij? ` , Jp0..rita./t.; monthly average ,750 floating wastes that settle to form ^*fir*?,as' v^W^duonable or putrescent deposits. j- ' ' ' -* ', ,.,wiwwafcc SubstamMs: No ,wastes .-inr.vc.Tornycr entrat lons or combinations ,harpfattobuman,*nimaloraquaffc llte. Missouri fi.S-9.0 - SO" 9* (average of 4*.<0** `Sadioanct--iiltTy: .G...r..o..t.s- beta: 1_,_0_0_0_, p..c/.1... (aibnset nce of Sr40 and * ^cross section} < * ' -' V'p' -a'-' alapha ern1tters). SArt9an0:110A ptrc>7/1l. tt)>lclscsnotluvMedf HRa-226: 3 pc/1- prior. 'V.' jr'! 'Wastes mutt not cause substantial visible contrast witti m*tuTMJ appearance iff stream or Interfere with Industrial use Taste and "'"Odort LImlted to concentrations that would not .result in notice- tjdrib offensive odors Or Otherwise interfere with Industrial use. `I': Solids: No noticeable: organic or Inorganic deposits or floating materials in unsightly Or deleterious amounts. Toxic Substances: 'HvSwicentrations not detrimental to Industrial use or toxic to ? S1fnimans. fish, wDdlife. ftli ... Montana 6.S-9.5 0J5 No adverse change ; Ttadloactlvity: Not toexceed '62 PHS Drinking Water Standards. ' ' Turbidity: Must not interfere with established levels of treat^ ment Color, Taste and Odor: Water shall be maintained m con- xJffensiVe to sense of sight or smell. Sonets: No float''Tng sfriids and sludge deposits in amounts deleterious to Indus Trial use; no sediments or settleable solids that affect treatment 'V.levels. Toxic Substances: Amounts present must not adversely affect Industrial usd. Nebraska 6.54.0 1.0 vmm 90 5(May- 5.0 'TUfioeCtivTty: 'Must conform with Radiological Health Regula tions'(1st.-ed), State of Nebraska, '66. Turbidity: No more than ?0"?Nov.- '' 10% Increase above normal level. Colon No evidence of matter Apr.) Sate: 2"/hr. s that creates nuisance conditions. Taste and Odor: Cess than S^'ambuhft'ithati would degrade water, quality for industrial use; phenol; 0.001 mg./l Solids: Dissolved solids^ mud not exceed f jl300 mg./l, No morathan 20% increase (limit 100 mg./l.) msmm [\Trom .any ^ point source. No waste solids that permit ^' iion r^re deleterious iolndustnal use. Toxic Substances. None f -1 e ^ *cdhMritrfctions or combinations that would render water un- mmssm illjl _ . Nevada 6.5^3 Annual 77.0" bummer) mmmmt s,, - TUdtalcthU^: limited to 1/10 of the 168-hr.-week values in NBS V'|afaweraEe. ^ Handbook 09. Turtridity, Color, Taste and Odon Free from June-SepS ' wastes In amounts sufficient to change existing turbidity or Si median:. S7-Z" . . 5 color enough to create a nuisance or interfere with Industna^ Ipse, or to jiroduce taste or odor in the water. Solids: Free from msemmesmmm ePqaaiaWMt^pSB^ ^^ifibatinn or ther wastes that settle to form sludge banks or '> .'-Tdepostts m amounts pat would be unsightly or odorous or i- */toerferewitih Industrial use. Toxic Substances: Free from wastes ~V.. .v~~ ' ' concentrations or combinations toxic to human, animal, plant ' sp aquatic Ufa or pat Interfere with industrial use. KewHatnpshire e.o-e.5 , ", .:.n natural): 90" Sfeis ^No Increase that would Interfere with this use* j' ~ SSlSl' TuiWdity.'CohMlTasrfe and Odor. None in objectionable amounts. Solids: No floating solids or sludge deposits in objectionable amounts. Toxic Substances: None in toxic concentrations or iicomblnatipns. s~ ' ^ v-5" Mew Jersey e.5-83 . f-B7" (unless S" (up to 873 . (unless . -nature!) .4.0* " Tiipidity, Solids: None poticeabie ln water or deposited along ;" "shore. tailor. Taste and Odor: None that are offensive to humans detrimental p"aquatic biota. Toxic Substonces: None Pat I naturaO Xtf.s:--*j6uld affect pimans .Pr.be deWmental to aquatic biota. iSmu^S New Mexico 6.6-S.6 jfgilplttif ,W-fcl^''^'1hShiciillr. Hot greater than 1/10 of Pe 484ir. v:-ailrue'' ,in MNBrS. > -*lScrt2^r ^ `v dei^nl that' 1 Handbook 69. Turtridity: Shall not cause substantial visible con would cause ' trast With natural appearance. Colon Should not create an unfit for pfe - potiution 5 esthatlcafly undesirable condition. Teste and Oden No dors. use j, , , T* ' .other Pan of natural orig!n, that are esPetlcally objectionable SdBds: Mo objectionable floating debris -" ~ } "jA - ' '^and sediment that significantly alter properties of bottom. Toxic * Siibstancesi No amounts toxic to humans, plants, fish, animals. ^^^^^^^d'ored^vaotes'^jjit'ialbne w.Tn' .combinations make ^.tPdusWalA^ Solids: No porting or settie- ible sciids ofjiludge doposlts that are raaOlly visible and at;TribdtaWe`to., wakes.;TmiBc JSiWKrtances: Moiw ralwie fr In com - >W- _it.'-.wuaopu.Mld'U'iemnnpeafler ^InridriulIscttrriiallll lufsMe..j 'v ' .... ' -..... 82 DSW 33T643 STLCOPCB4081548 Water quality standards s^^KfeiiSiWssoIved:?; KZWM rieTemperature ("pallowable oxygen 45 HIP|8S1P Imam above ambient mg./t r%) 8SS88 Other Requirements ,j. i Cq|or Must not render water unfit Tor Industrial cooling. Solids: An-?. jMust not. after dilution and mixture, make water unfit for indus " 'al cooling. Toxic Substances: Must not make water unfit for _ ...austriai cooling. ...j vv*,-,,iu.f ... ,. l`i?8Si8-8"f;"ff~isS ......... -- -........, ' . "Radioactivity: No discharge allowed unTess materials are readily s .soluble or dispersible and of quantities acceptable to state health e;5ftidQ>arbnent;CoVr, TaSte. and <Wor: No wastes that color water *pr resutt in objectionable odors to a degree that impairs indus trial Use. SoSds: No unsightly floating wastes that would ad..^ ..Aversely affect industrial use or wastes that settle to form pujyv, ..^rescont or objectionable deposits. Toxic Substances: No con- V^Taste and Odor:'Tree 'from' wastestfiatproduce color or odor ifo a degree that creates a nuisance. Solids: 'Dissolved 5M ^^solids musf not exceed 1,000 mg./E;.monthly average: 750 S.X^sJRO'A.lMust'fce ^ree ^rom floating or other Wastes that settle to .sSvjsform putrescent or. obJectionable deposits or that are unsightly ^ : ," ,or;deieteripus. Toxic Substances: No wastesin concentrations or combinations "harmful to human, animal or aquatic life. :; Radioactivity: Average Concentration at points of controlled release sfudf hot exceed State Board of Health Radiation Pro tection Regulations. Turbidity: None that causes visible contrast .with natural conditions. Coion None that Is persistant In con centrations, detrimental -to'industrial use. Taste and Odor: No , _ ^concentrations that Would cause offensive odors in vicinity of a . ^ water or otherwise interfere with Industrial use. Solids: Free - ~ -c Tfrom floating debris, bottom deposits or other materials. Toxic - Substances: None ip quantifies that make water toxic to human, ' animal, plant or aquatic life. is..cc.:.vs:?>c Radiation: Shall not pose external hazard.Turbidity: 5 JCU above i, -;;. natural. Color, Taste and Odor: No obiecfionabie discoloration ' Or conditions esthetically offensive to human senses of taste or . smell. Solids: No floating solids, organic or inorganic deposits a Wurious to Industiy. Toxic Substances:Tto conditions injurious topubiichealth.>_ '' Color, Tasteand OdoR No wastes that .produce colors, testes dr odors in amounts harmful to industrial use. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 750 mg /!.; monthly average: 500 mg./l. iNo floating wastes or substances that settle to form sludge In * amounts harmful to industrial use. Toxic Substances: None in amounts harmful to industrial use. <: v-:ccioeir,. c'c . RadioacfivHy, Toxic Substances: No concentrations or comblna- 5.0* (16 hrs,/ lions harmful to human, animal or aquatic life: Turbidity, Taste day) ' and Odor: None in concentrations that would impair industrial . . use. Solids: No solid refuse, floating solids or sludge deposits. 3.0* ' r Turbidity, Color, Taste arid Odon Free from wastes that change 2.5* (swamps) the existing turbidity dr color or that produce teste or odor to ..y " such a degree as to cause a nuisance or interfere with industrial r > -T1 \ ~ `use. "Solids: None from waste sources in amounts that are un- " sightly, putrescent odorous or that cause a nuisance pr interfere ' . v' ' with Industrial use. Toxic Substances: Free from wastes harmful to human, animal, plant or aquatic life or that Interfere directly . ' . 'dr indirectly with industrial use. :- Radioactivity: None'.permitted In water unless readily soluble ^mdr dispersible and in quantifies allowed Jjy federal or state agencies. Color, Taste and OdoR No wastes that produce mate rial discoloration Or undesirable odors. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 2,000 mg./E No wastes producing floating . 'solids, sludge deposits or other offensive effects. Toxic Sub ' stances:`None ln concentrations toxic to human, animal or aquatic Ijfe. , 4- SN C.0-9JD 1.0t24 - SrO .*%J^',-V'" - MilSI % 93* ' 40* '* c * , '"Enough to pro- Radioactivity-. None that could adversely affect industrial use. Rate: , vVeennt oofffensive Turbidlty.Color: None in amounts or concentrations that could Sytir. . ... conditions . not be reduced to acceptable levels by conventional treatment. Taste and OdoR None that would result ,n taste or odor that would prevent use for industrial processing. Solids: Dissolved _ . solids must not,exceed J500 mg,/l. No distinctly visible solids, that could be detrimental to v'V- A~> *4- ? b f Jl 'Industrial use "Toxic Substances: None that produces toxic r ! ji -j" '' ` ... ' * " conditions that would adversely affect water for Industrial use. `'*3# -4 Radioactivity: Regulated Texas Radiation Control Act and mm li>SfcHfe Texas "Regulations tor'Control of Radiation. Turbidity: No sub stantial increase due to wastes. CoIor No substantial visible -' "s - i.' -contrast witii natural appearance of receiving Waters after ' wastes receive best practical treatment. Taste and OdoR No "concentrations that produce offensive odors. Solids: Dissolved t. " solids must not exceed 1,000 mg./l., unless water used only ' ^tor cooling.'Must be essentially TreeTram floating or settieabie suspended solids that would adversely affect Industrial use. S'll^ToxIc Substences:,Shall pot show acute ur.chronic toxtclty to ^3WiinM(ii':-R|flmatetoe>9ultei^."todMi^'^'!*t^ Tntef 84 DSW 337644 STLCOPCB4081549 Water quality standards S, y' w v ' - K ' Dissolved pH Allowable Temperature (F) allowable oxygen * Increase (minimum Range Deviation Maximum aboveambient iKt./l.er%) Other Requirements v Utah 6.5-9.0 -- v**''-**} r -*' . i C Veirmont 0-85 -- -- -- Radioactivity: Shall not exceed 1/30 of MPC values for con tinuous occupational exposure in NBS Handbook 69. Turbidity, Color No wastes in amounts that would change existing turbidity or color enough to create public nuisance or interfere with ' . industrial use. Taste and Odor No wastes in amounts that would - produce taste or odor. Solids: No floating wastes that are un- j sightly or that interfere with Industrial use; no wastes that ` ' ^ .. J settle to form unsightly or odorous sludge or bottom deposits. ^~ _ Toxic Substances: No wastes In concentrations or combinations ' toxic to human, animal, plant or aquatic life or that would - <. " . - interfere with Industrial use. M9 ^3> v ........ .. " SC* ns hrs / Hadloactivlty: To be approved by appropriate state agency. V ** Turbidity, Color, Taste and Odon None in concentrations that ^ 31 would impair Industrial use. Solids: No floating solids, sludge *' deposits or solid refuse. Toxic Substances: No chemical con- -. * ..... vstftuents in concentrations or combinations harmful to human, animal or aquatic life. Virginia 5.0-9.0 (swamps as low as 4.3) 95"* (unless naturally higher) No sudden 1.0* changes that 2.0* (daily couldnarm average! aquatic life Washington 6.5-8.5 0.5 70 t -110/ 6.5 or 70% <T-15)t Colgr, Taste and Odor: No wastes that change existing color or produce odor to such a degree as to create a nuisance or interfere with industrial use. Solids: No floating wastes that are unsightly or create a nuisance or other wastes that settle to form unsightly, putrescent or odorous deposits. Toxib. Sub* stances: No wastes in concentrations or combinations that would interfere directly or Indirectly with industrial use. Radioactivity, Toxic Substances: Below concentrations that could adversely affect industrial use. Turbidity: Less than 10 JCU over natural conditions. Color, Taste and Odor, Solids: Dissolved, suspended, floating or submerged matter shall not reduce -esthetic values so as to affect industrial use. West Virginia Process . water . : 5.5-9.0 . Cooling water - 5.0-9.0 Wisconsin 6.0-9.0 Cooling water 93 (May- 5 Novi Rate: 73 (Dec.- 2/hr. Apr.) (Dec.-Apr.) Process water must permit fish passage 0.5 89 1.0 2.0 (daily average; 1.0 2.0 (daily averraaggee,) Color: None that is objectionable. Taste and Odon No objection able odors in vicinity of the water. Solids: No distinctly visible floating, settleable or suspended solids of unreasonable kind or quantity. No objectionable bottom deposits or sludge banks. Toxic Substances: No concentrations of materials poisonous > to-human, animal or fish life. Color, Taste and Odon No materials producing color, taste or odor in amounts that would create a nuisance. Solids: Dis solved solids must not exceed 1,000 mg./l.; daily average: 750 mg./l. No floating or submerged debris or waste substances that would cause objectionable deposits in amounts to create a nuisance. Toxic Substances: None in concentrations or com binations toxic to humans or of public health significance. Wyoming 6.S-8.5 4 2 (for streams where temp, not over 7<r) 6.0 Radioactivity: Not to exceed 1/30 of NBS Handbook 69 values. Turbidity: No more than 15 JCU above natural (when tLiri'-inlty is 150 JCU or less); otherwise, no more than 10% above natural. Color: Essentially free of wastes that visibly alter natural color of water or impart color to vessels or structures. Taste and Odor: Essentially free from substances that would produce detectable odor at site of use. Solids: Essentially free from floating or settleable solids that are unsightly or settle to form sludge, bank or bottom deposits. Toxic Substances: Free from toxic substances in concentrations or combinations toxic to human, animal or aqudtic life. _ * Standard reserved from Federal Water Pollution Control Administration approval. ft -- total cumulative heat addition allowed from unnatural waste sources, at any point throughout the given stream reach. T = highest occurring temperature for a given period. In a specific stream reach. ^ Abbreviations: PHS--Public Health Service; NbS--National Bureau of Standards; JCU--Jackson Candle Units; pc/1.--picocuries per liter. Source: Water Quality Standards of the United States, Territories, and the District of Columbia, American Public Health Assn., Subcom mittee on Water Quality Control, and Engineering and Sanitation Section. , Note: Specific limits for conforms, biologic oxygen demand, plant nutrients, oil, grease, scum, bottom deposits, pesticides, specific con ductance, carbon chloroform extract, synthetic detergents not included. Some states set standards for each stream reach or river basin; in such cases, table shows least stringent requirement. This reprint is an excerpt from the "Plant Sites, '69" report that appeared in the October 29, 1969 issue of CHEMICAL WEEK Copyright 1969 McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, N.Y. This article may not he reproduced without permission. DSW 337645 86 STLCOPCB4081550