Document 4veQVz3OK9M1yX6KzLQ0oqrBR

SAFETY NEWS  it's covered At your service, to help you match this equip ment to the hazard, is your M.S.A. Representative. You'll find this service in most of the key cities throughout the United States and Canada. Equipment Remember too, that ''M.S.A." means a single source of supply, one undivided responsibility, and a standard of quality that is certified by successful service. / respirators Air Lin* Chemical Cartridge-^ Comfo Dust Oustfo* #55 ; Gasfd* Gastfume . Metal-Fume Paint . i. Paeket-Tyfle Ultra-Fitter- '.-AS* EYE AND FACE PROTECTION Acid Hood 1 r For Defenders Eye Shields; Faceshields J' Goggles Point Hbod W*ld*r't Ear Protectors Welder's Helmets VENTILATION EQUIPMENT A ir-Moyer Cleart Air Blow*?'" Ventilation Controls Ultra-Space Filter i ARTIFIC RESPIRATION x EQUIPMENT fVH-H^mialator Ojtygen Therapy /frnolator Pneophore JWASK5, 'i AlUsW*t.l|a* Ammonia MaSIti ij CMorim Madr |'f Hoot Mask ' Hose Mask Industrial Gas Mast^ Tank Gauger** Mask n:' f .n JNSTRUMENTS--DUSTS T Cascade Impacfor Dust-Vu* Microprojecfar L Electrostatic Sampler , . V Geiger Counter j ?< Midget Impinger *' ** ^V-' e -CS ' OXYGEN BREATHING APPARATUS Chomox Oxygon Stoatking Apparatus Demand Mask " * McCaa 2-Haur M.S.A. 1-Hour ' us SAFETY CLOTHING Auho^tos Suits. Bolts, Safety ^ ; i CHomggrd Aprons, Sleeves ChumjjSios i \J Clothing, Protective: | Stoves ~ Kned Pads A Plastic Clothing Rubber Clothing Shoee^Safety tm* Hlp PROTECTION Skulihard Hats and Caps ; Combination Skullgard-Welding Shield Coottrarto ` \ : jf'-' TTr*m*h* Helmet*. Aromatic Hydrdcarbon Defector Benzol, Indicator r^f Carbon Mdnexid* Alarms '' Carson Affenoxlde indicators \ Carbon MolfroxtttoRecorders/ r*lj Combustible Gas Alarm- / Combustible Gas Indicator ExpI#*Tib*t*r ^^ Hydragi^ijSulphid^ Defector ,--S^ Thfpo^lt^llUquidr'and Gas Analyzer aryl Detector ( n Dioxide Pefecjat^ v wn Deficiency indicator, i Oxygen Indicator ` J FIRST AID /Utivol liquid Soap \ All-Weather First AI<0Cits/ ` Burn Treatments f FEND Barrier Cream^ Fir* Banket L First 4id Cabinet* > Foill* for Hand tyfams^^rotoictiv* ' Stretcher* ancTS||f#toh*r Outfits MISCELtANtpUS Bullethi^Bggrds L-: * Signs ; Edison Electric Cop and Hand .Umpt Fogprut - , Ladder-Leveie Salt Tabfg A ,V V CoU the M.S.A. man on your every safety preMom ... his (ok is to help you. MINE SAFETY APPLIANCES COMPANY 201 North Braddock Avenue, Pittsburgh 9, Pa. At Your Services 76 Branch Offices in the United States MINE SAFETY APPLIANCES CO. OF CANADA LIMITED Toronto*. Montreal, Calgary* Winnipeg* Vancouver*. New Glasgow* N.S. Representatives in Principal Cities in Mexico, Central and South America Cable AddriSS: **Mi$af' Pittsburgh AW I National Safety Council Chartered by the Congress of the United State* Homs Omci 425 North"''Michigan Ave Chicago II, Illinois Beg. I S. Pat Off. Eastbk.v Officz <) Chrysler Building Mew York 17. N Y 'A'rsiKitN orr:t*B 350 California Street ; San Francisco 5, Calif Chairmen of the Trustee*: W. S. S. Rodgers, Chau man of the Board, The Texas Company, New York, Chairman, Board of Director* : E, F. du Pont, director. Employees Re lations Department, E I, du Pont de Nemours It Co., Wilmington, Del, President: Ned H. Diakiiorn, Chicago. Vice President*: For Farm* Guy L. Noble, managing director. Na tional Committee oft Boys and Girls Club Chicago. For Finance, and Treasurer George F. Getz, Jr,, president, The Globe Carp., Chicago. For Home* W. A, Stewakt, president, American Optical Co., Southbridge. Mtia. For Industry E, C. McFadden, vice-president. Texas Employers Insurance Association, Dallas, Tex. For Local Safety Orqanitetioni Robert R. Shodcrajs, pre*ident, Atlas Auto Finance Co.. Atlanta, Ga. For Membership Robert T. Roes, manager. Employee Services, Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Mich. For Public information Boyd Lewis, vice-president and execu tive editor, NEA Service, Inc.. New York For Schools end Colleges Dr. Lowell B. Fishee, chairman, North Central Association of Colleges and Sec ondary Schools, University of Illinois. Crbana, 111. For Traffic and Transportation Franklin M. Kbihl, director. Traffic Division, international Association of Chiefs of Police, Evanston. 111. For Women's Activities Miss Marion E. Martin, Commissioner of Labor and Industry, State of Maine, Augusta, Me Carman Fisb, Editor Tom Dodds, Managing Editor John Gwin, Editorial Assistant Ralph Moses, Art Director C. H. Miller, Advertising Manager Ngrvai. Burch, Editorial Director. Coun cil Publications National SaTety New* is published monthly by National Safety Council. Copyright 1954 by National Safety Coun cil. Printed in U.S.A. Entered as sec ond class matter June 21, 1921, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under the act of March 3, 1879. Subscription rate: To members, 55,50 per year, single copies 55 cents; to non-members, $7.50 per year, single: copies. 75 cents. Quan tity prices for yearly subscriptions and single Issue on request. . Member Audit Bureau of Circulation: Indexed in In dustrial Arts Index. Statements and opinions advanced in signed articles are personal expressions of the authors, not necessarily those of the National Safety Council. SAFETY NEWS Eighteenth Annual Safety Equipment Issue CONTENTS (See also index on page H) 1. PLANT DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION Planning the Safe Plant. Lighting, Floors. Stairs, Ramps .... 9 : 2. HOUSEKEEPING AND MAINTENANCE Plant Housekeeping, Color. Portable Ladders, Scaffolds....... .. u 3. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH ENGINEERING Ventilation, Washrooms and Lockers, Hot Weather Precau tions. Drinking Water, Noise and Vibration. Food Service ... 51. 4. PERSONAL PROTECTION Ewe Conservation, Respiratory Protection, Head Protection. . Ear Protection, Safety Belts and Harnesses, Safety Clothing, i Hands and Arms, Feet and Legs if 1 5. MATERIALS HANDLING Unit Handling, Trucks and Tractors, Wire Rope, Chain, Fiber Rope. Hoists, Cranes, Conveyors ................. ,.167 6. MACHINE OPERATION AND GUARDING ;.vOuhi^ihg`th?','2&hhLpie, Electric Equipment. Hand Tools, Portable Power 7TdaIs, Lubrication .;......... .. , 1ST 7. PLANT PROTECTION Organization, First Aid Extinguishers. Automatic Protection, 8. MEDICAL AND HEALTH SERVICE Medical Service, Care of the injured, Resuscitation ,...... ,229 9. SAFETY PROMOTION AND TRAINING ^Training Aids, Safety Signs, Tags and Decals. Safety Liter?. : ature ..; ....... . , Wyv ........,;, , ., ., ,245 Editorial 3, .......... ,..:3;57v:..............., ... 2 The Employee Is a Customer ,,,7,.,.55 .7 ,53 . . 3r7 What's the Exposure?',.... ,:.;7 .5 575 . . . ,;5. ...... .. .57 t Heady for Disaster ... .. .. . .,.............. .,7 f Dream of Utopia (Diary of a Safety Engineer) -- Bill Andreus A ...................................... . , . .................. 7 Self-Prescribed Glasses--A Safety Problem-- Franklin M. Foote 5,7,7 ,7. , :3 7___ . . . . Id The Safety Library ,...................................... ,, 40 Personals , .......,, . . . .......3. , ,, ,3______ ..... 48 Accidents in 1953 ,,. ,5..... . . ....... ,..7.. , ...72 Wire ironx:y(ashingtor)ArRarx^ N, Rosenjleld ............, 78 Coming Events y5 , Ls ,..,,, 7.,,. .,.,, . 7.3.. ,. ,, A . 130 industrial' Health 7 .g;.. .,,.,,,.. .75 ,y,.,,..... ,3,5,5., 155 Occupational Safety Service (Facing page 252) ........., N-l What's New in Council Services? .......................... .. 305 SafetyypQsters ,, . . ...AA. , ,5;: . .77,5 , v, .. ,7,.....,.............. 308- Directory Of Advertisers ,35 . .., ,.fX7 ...........,.. , 5 313 Classified Section.............. ........ , 7*,.:, ,:,3,7.......___ 3,7 r. 322.: Index of Advertised Products .................. ......, . . .7 ,............ 337 39,000 copies of this issue were printed 1 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS MARCH 1954 Constant Improvement V/'EARS ago a well-known automobile had for its advertising slogan, "Constant improvement, but no yearly models." That could be said about safety equipment. As with men's clothes, the changes from year to year are not conspicuous. Many of the items listed in our First Safety Equipment Issue in 1937 would still be ac ceptable according to today's standards. But there has been a great increase in the number of products and services available. Progress has been steady. Modern equipment is lighter, more com fortable, and better looking as research in the laboratory and ex perience on the job have pointed to improvements. Developments in metallurgy and plastics have found applications in safety, directly or indirectly. The ever-increasing tempo of industry and the number of new and hazardous materials that have been introduced have presented a con tinuing challenge to safety and operating men and to the manufac turers of safety equipment. Personal protective equipment offering greater protection and com fort have been among the accomplishments but safety's achievements do not stop there. The modern factory has better lighting and venti lation. There are improved personal services, including facilities for keeping clean. Mechanical equipment for handling material is reliev ing human muscles of fatiguing loads. And the benefits of brighter, more cheerful workplaces is more than psychological. And speaking of improvements, an important one has been made in this issue. The type is a size larger than has been used in the past few equipment issues, which should be as welcome to readers and proofreaders as to the editors. The number of editorial pages has been increased proportionately. The Equipment Issue is a reference work, concisely written, to contain as much basic material of general application as space permits. More detailed informai:.on on many of the subjects will be found in other publications listed in the bibliographies in each section. Unfortunately, it has not been possible to list all available sources of information on accident prevention, occupational hygiene and fire protection. In addition to the books and periodicals specifically de voted to these fields, much up-to-date information will be found in magazines serving industry in general and those dealing with partic ular industries and trades. It will be noticed that National Safety Council's Accident Preven tion Manual for Industrial Operations heads the list of reference works for each section. This useful book of more than 800 pages has an important place in the libraries of most safety men. The editors con sulted it frequently in the preparation of this issue. Not the least important part of this issue is the classified sections which presents a comprehensive directory of manufacturers and prod ucts. Inquiries on items not listed are welcomed by the National Safety Council. 2 The Employee Is a Customer Treating him like one will win acceptance of protective equipment WHETHER the employee is issued safety equipment at the company's expense or whether he pays for It out of his own pocket, getting him to use it on the job is a sales propo sition. First of all, the stockroom should be clean and orderly. Good light and ventilation help. The appear-, ance of the stockroom is particu larly important in the case of new employees who often get their first impression of the company when they are sent to the store to be equipped with protective equipment. Adequate supplies of various items in a well-assorted range of sizes should be kept in stock. A com petently supervised marker system is usually satisfactory for assuring adequate supplies. When a new em ployee--or an old one, for that mat ter--is sent to the store for essential equipment for his job and is told that there is none in stock, his atti tude toward equipment is likely to be affected. It is equally unfortunate if the equipment issued is ill-fitting. It will be uncomfortable and offer reduced protection, in addition to building up resentment in the employee. The attendant is scarcely less im portant than the store and its stock. He should know the equipment and make friends for the safety program Streamlined store front In heart of Gen eral Electric's turbine factory at Sche nectady. It calls attention to office of safety supervisor. Display window con tains safety glasses, shoes and other equipment. Employee at Tyrone, Pa., mill of West Virginia Pulp and Paper Co. gets outfitted at the company's central safety supply store. by being friendly to the employee customers and taking pains to see that they are satisfied. If safety shoes are carried in stock, he should be able to do a competent job of fitting. During recent years there has been a trend to provide each em ployee with individual protective equipment. The common drinking cup long ago disappeared ::m the modern factory. So has * .2 commu nity pair of goggles over the grinding wheel. Experience has shown that employees will accept and wear pro tective equipment more readily if the equipment is individually fur nished and kept clean. The first step in the program of personal protection is a comprehen sive survey of. the entire plant. This should establish complete records of the equipment required to protect employees in various operations. Changes in operating conditions and other variable factors should be watched since these will result in changed requirements. Establishing requirements for pro tective equipment and acquainting supervision and men with these re quirements can be done effectively. Following are suggested methods of approach: 1. Equipment can be specified for an entire area--e.g., anyone entering an acid manufacturing plant must wear chemical goggles, or all per sonnel working in warehouses must wear safety shoes. 2. Equipment can be required by general categories--e.g., personnel handling any acids must wear rub ber gloves and chemical splash-proof goggles. 3. Where a large number of po tentially hazardous materials may be handled infrequently, a schedule can be established with the specific re quirements for each category of chemicals. Orders are coded so that the supervisor can refer to this schedule and make sure that all per sonnel handling the material are adequately protected. This procedure is particularly de sirable where the hazardous prop erties of chemicals vary widely. Nothing is so likely to lower em ployee morale as requiring' them to be overly protected when handling innocuous materials. Most operations in chemical plants should be surveyed and a combina tion of the above steps utilized. Em- --To page 119 National Safety Newt, March. 1954 3 What's the Exposure? Maintaining healthful working conditions requires a thorough knowledge of environmental agents and basic control methods DOING the world's essential work involves exposure to a variety of environmental agents--some of them harmful--as well as to the more dramatic hazard of accidents. Occupational hygiene programs aim to forestall the possible effects of these agents. Recognizing and appraising the hazard and applying corrective meas ures requires a knowledge of the chemical and physical properties of these agents, their physiological ef fects, and basic engineering control measures. There are varying clas sifications, the one used here having been compiled by J. J. Bloomfield, of the United States Public Health Service. Environmental agents may be divided into three groups: 1. Chemical 2. Physical 3. Biological Chemical agents are the ones en countered most frequently in indus try. They are of two main types: (1) Gaseous, and (2) Particulate. Gaseous contaminants consist of materials which are gases at ordi nary temperature and pressure. Ex amples are carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen cyanide, and hydrogen fluori 'e. Vct/urs represent the gaseous state of materials that are normally liquid. Examples are volatilized benzol, carbon tetrachloride, petroleum, ace tone, alcohol, and other organic sol vents. Gaseous contaminants become mixed intimately with air and be come an integral part of it. Stratifi cation may result from the difference qf specific gravity of contaminant and air hut once the two are thoroughly mixed there is no sig nificant separation. Particulate matter may consist of either solid or liquid particles, and is usually classified as dust, fumes, mist and fog. Dusts are solid par ticles generated by grinding, crush ing, rapid impact, and blasting. Fumes, a term often used loosely to describe any air contaminant, are solid particles formed by condensa tion, as occurs on burning metals. Mists are liquid particles generated % J / Frequent surveys are needed to maintain healthful working conditions Here a laboratory technician is making a dust count. by disintegration of a liquid, as by atomization. Fogs are liquid par ticles formed by condensation of moisture on dust nuclei. Particulate matter does not form an intimate mixture with air; it Is merely held in suspension. It there fore tends to settle. Whether it is deposited near its source or travels a great distance depends on the size of the particles and their tendency to agglomerate and absorb moisture. Particle size plays a significant role in the length of time the particles stay suspended in air, the distance they travel, and their entry and re tention in the respiratory tract. Dusts may be divided into two groups--organic and inorganic. The organic may be subdivided into nat ural and synthetic. Natural organic dusts include wood, grain, cotton, feathers, pollens, hair, bacteria, and fungus. Examples of synthetic or ganic dusts are plastics and nu merous organic chemicals. Inorganic dusts may be classified as siliceous, which include free silica and the numerous silicates, and nonsiliceous, which include metallic compounds and numerous inorganic chemicals. Fumes are most commonly en countered as metal oxides formed by burning metals or heating them to high temperatures. They also may be formed by volatilization of solid organic materials, or by the reaction of chemicals, us hydrochloric acid or ammonia. They tend to flocculate more readily than dust and then settle because of increased particle size. Mists are likely to be formed when air or gas is passed through a iiquid. The spray produced by a sneeze may be considered a nnst. Fogs are produced when the air contains substances which attract moisture, such as acid gases. Sources of Contamination In determining sources of atmos pheric contamination by chemical agents, one must consider not only the raw materials being used, but also the processes and conditions. If carbonaceous material is being used in founding operations, carbon mon oxide may be produced. Other haz ardous by-products may be formed similarly. Association of operations must also be considered. Sodium cyanide, National Safety News, March, 7954 for example, should not be used in jhe vicinity of acids, since hydro cyanic acid may be formed. Phos gene and other chlorine compounds have been produced when degreasers using trichlorethylene have been op erated near open flames. Compounds with low vapor pressure may be used safely at ordinary temperatures but become hazardous if the opera tion is carried on at elevated tem peratures. In an industrial hygiene survey, analysis of atmospheric samples is essential. Type of sample, number taken, and accuracy of analysis will depend on the primary purpose of the survey. If the purpose is to lo cate the source of contamination or check control measures, satisfactory results may be obtained through a few samples and relatively simple analysis. However, if data are needed for legal purposes, for correlation with codes, or for evaluation of health hazards, careful and thorough sam pling should be carried out to obtain an over-all measure of the exposure and accurate analytical methods should be used. Physiological Effects The action of a chemical agent on the body may be classified as local or systemic. Local action means the effect due to direct contact with the skin. Systemic action refers to ef fects produced after absorption of the chemical into the blood stream. It also includes effects due to irrita tion of the respiratory tract. Chemical agents producing injury by direct contact with the skin may be classified as primary irritants and specific irritants. Primary irritants are Such compounds as acids, alkalis and corrosive salts, which will in jure practically every skin if there is sufficient concentration and length of contact. These injuries may range from mild irritation to severe chemical burns. Usually included among pri mary irritants are organic solvents which remove the fat from the skin, causing it to chap and crack, open ing the way to secondary infection. Specific irritants affect hyper sensitive persons. Some persons are naturally sensitive to certain chemi cal compounds, and others become sensitive as the result of contact. In such persons, only a small amount of material may be sufficient to pro duce a severe skin reaction. It has been estimated that approximately two-thirds of all occupational dis eases in the United States are dermatoses. Conjunctivitis may be produced National Safety Nowt, March, 1954 by many chemical agents. An out standing example is hydrogen sul fide which will cause conjunctivitis in concentrations that would cause systemic poisoning only after long exposure. Systemic action is caused by chem ical agents gaining entrance to the body through: (1) Ingestion. (2) Skin absorption, and (3) Inhalation. Poisons may be ingested in two main ways: (1) Handling food or tobacco with contaminated hands, and (2) Particles being deposited on the moist surfaces of the mouth and throat in the process of breathing and subsequent swallowing. Some compounds will penetrate intact skin rapidly enough to pro duce serious poisoning. Many other compounds are absorbed through (he skin but at such a slow rate of absorption that serious or even mild poisoning is rare. Of the compounds that are gases under ordinary con ditions of temperature and pressure, hydrogen cyanide is the only one known that is absorbed rapidly enough to produce serious poisoning. Of compounds that normally are liquid, examples of those known to cause serious poisoning by absorp tion through the skin are: Aniline, nitrobenzene, nitroglycerine, pheol. and tetraethyl lead. Many other liquids are absorbed through the skin, including most organic solvents, but many of these are absorbed so slowly that the hazard is minor com pared to that of inhalation of vapor. The most important route of ab sorption is inhalation. Materials may be taken into the lungs as gases, HAZARD SPOT CARD For Job Planning and Instruction WORK AREA V:66tirtg ?' urifyRO jjobs^^ Cramped quarters Q .Jyf;yf insecure piles or overhead material Q 'fnq4*q66fe,il{umin^^ Vv temperoture;i top fepVO.ipa'-cpfd^Ql'jilM'l *posure to gases dust Q fumes j Hazards from nearby operations C MACHINERY : Point of operation: cuftingO shearing punching abrading p flying material Q Power transmission: shafts belts Q gears O pulleys electrical conductors Q Unsafe starting and stopping mechanisms Q TOOLS Wrong tool for the job Q Tool in unsafe condition Q Tool placed In unsafe'position Q HANDLING MATERIAL Material or objects: heavy unwieldy Q vv ^fough p sharp hot Q corrosive Q Unsafe handling equipment: trucks conveyors Q hoists Q containers O Safety Instruction Curd No. 773. vapors, or particulate matter. The amount of material inhaled will de pend on the concentration of the contaminant and the volume of air breathed. Evaluation of the effect of inhala tion requires information on: 1. Rate of absorption 2. Distribution in various body tissues and fluids 3. Rate of elimination 4. Fats in the body 5. Effects on normal body con stituents 6. Pathological changes 7. Diagnostic signs and symptoms Acute effects--those produced by a single short exposure--are usually recognized. They may be considered an accident due to some unusual circumstance. However, in some cases symptoms are delayed for hours, even though a single exposure may cause death. Oxides of nitrogen, for example, exert such action. Chronic Effects Most important to industrial hy gienists are the chronic effects, pro duced by repeated daily exposures to relatively low concentrations. The effect of a substance depends not only i n the concentration but also oil the length of exposure. The human body can destroy, eliminate or detoxify a certain amount of any material without measurable damage. The problem, therefore, is to control conditions so that harmful amounts of the con taminant are not present undo]1 con ditions that will permit, their contact with or absorption into the body. Much research has been directed to ward determining maximum allow able concentrations, permissible co",centrations. or hygienic standards exposure. Many of these have been published by the American Stand ards Association. Tables which list the MAC values : for many substances have been established through one or more of the following procedures: 1. Laboratory tests on animals 2. Laboratory tests on human sub jects 3. Field investigations Criteria used in establishing the : limits are based on 1. Pathological elicits 2. Slight physiological effects which apparent 1\ do not injure health but imp. in , * .ordination and reaction time. 3. Discomfoit a - nsory effects. Ready for Disaster Whether the menace is hostile aircraft, disruptive materials in industry, or nature on the rampage, the same measures will conserve life and property CREATION of a strong deferisi or ganization within our industrial plants is an essential part of the plan for the defense of the nation. Protection of industrial production is essential to survival in the event of war. A disaster control plan is actually a plan to be carried out in an emergency to control the effects of disaster and to restore the plant as quickly as possible. Such measures are also valuable in peace. They help to control panic, loss of life and destruction should a tornado, flood, explosion or confla gration strike the area. In many such disasters, industrial organizations have rendered notable service to plant arid community through first aid, rescue work and fire fighting. First of all, management is re sponsible for organizing civil defense groups in plants. However, the local civil defense organization should be contacted before the organizing ac tually takes place. A plant civil defense plan which is not closely tied in with the local plan will not be efficient. A good place to start in organizing the group is with an employeemanagement committee, if one exists. If not, such a committee should be formed. A detailed national plan has been set out in the Federal Civil Defense Administration publication, "Civil Defense in Industry and Institu tions." Following Is an outline of the steps to be taken: 1. Choosing the coordinator is the first step. In every plant there is an individual with executive ability, who has the confidence of both man agement and employees, who can take complete charge of the situ ation. There can be no divided authority. For specialized informa tion and guidance he can call upon outside consultants, such as repre sentatives of casualty and fire insur ance underwriters. 2. Make a survey of plant build ings and shelter requirements. A manual issued by the FCDA, "Meth ods for Determining Shelter Needs and Shelter Areas," tells what to look for and what to avoid: 1. Any area selected as potential shelter should be in the center of the building, away from outside exposure. "Outside" includes courts and light shafts. 2. Areas should be in a part of the building that is structurally compact, with close spacing of columns and short-span beams. 3. They should be out of direct line with doors, windows and hallways ex posed to the outside. As part of its program of Civil Defense preparedness, Consolidated Vultee ha* built and Installed several of these mobile first-aid stations at the San Diego Division. Civil defense drills are held. t. Walls and floors surrounding the area should be free of glass. 5. There should be at least one in terior stairway, not adjoining an outer wall. 6. Areas should contain no furnaces or boilers, and no large steam, water or gas pipes. 7. The ceiling should not be of the hung or suspended type, or have heavy lighting fixtures or plaster ornaments. 8. The area should be as free as possible of furniture, stored merchan dise or equipment of any kind. 9. There should be no safes, banks of filing cabinets or heavy machinery on the floor above. Not many areas meet all these re quirements so it may be necessary to pick the best space available. Hallways, corridors, fire stairs, rest rooms and elevator lobbies in the center of buildings are good loca tions, if free of glass. 3. Select, train and assign emer gency protection personnel. These include wardens, police, firemen, engineering and rescue workers, medical and welfare workers. Local civil defense organizations have con ducted many such training courses. The state of New York has an ex cellent school. The FCDA has a staff college at Olney, Md,, and a training school at Ogontz, Pa. 4. Make a floor plan showing branch control rooms, first-aid stations or cabinets, fire extinguishers and other equipment, elevators, stairs, emer gency lights and exits, and a general traffic plan within the plant. 5. Post directional and information signs, including evacuation instruc tions, in offices and other places of assembly. 6. Provide emergency supplies in shelter areas, such as first-aid kits, water supplies, and emergency light ing. All persons assigned to civil defense tasks should be provided with civilian defense identification, such as arm bands. Exit drills should be held fre quently and include ail employees. The first few drills should be an nounced in advance. When routine procedures have been established, drills should come at irregular in tervals without warning. These drills ~To page 166 6 National Safety Newt, March, 1954 Dream of Utopia (Fiction) By BILL ANDREWS March 10, 1954 The income tax form was complete by ten o'clock tonight. I wrote the small check for the balance due, sealed the envelope, and put it on my hat for morning mailing. Sue was knitting quietly in her chair, so I got a book and lay on the sofa to read and get the jumble of calculations out of my mind. Natu rally enough, I went to sleep, and this is the dream I dreamed: It was some other mid-March, cer tainly not 1954's. I had another in come tax blank before me, and also another form, not governmental. The government tax form had big black letters Tim'"the top, reading, "This Is The Price of Stupidity." And the other form was headed, "This Is The Price of Wisdom." And I knew in some way just what was meant. For the income taxes were almost as high as they are now, but they went, not for hugh military budgets, but to pay for our past wars. And the other blank--the crisp, white, gleaming blank, was for my voluntary contribution to the cause of health and safety for the year. I knew also that all over America people were filling out these two forms, the one demanded by law and the other demanded by the feeling of human decency. As I finished with the forms and put them in their respective enve lopes, I thought of the plant I worked in, the community I lived in, the nation to which I owed my love and allegiance. I remembered something that must have happened recently. It had been like a court hearing, with the presi dent of the company in the judge's seat, the defendant and his counsel at one table, and myself as prosecu tor in another, A witness had just been sworn in, and I rose to ex amine him. ``Did you, on March 2, observe the defendant?" I asked. "Yes, sir." "Did he instruct an employee to repair the lathe?" "Yes, sir." "What precautions did he take to safeguard tfie employees?" "He instructed Jack--the em ployee, I mean--to throw and lock f ut the switch, to wear his goggles, to check on the shape his tools were in, and to report if any were defective." "Did the employee do these things." "Yes, except that he had mislaid his key for the padlock for the switch, so he simply inserted the Ncrfionof Safety Newt, March, 1954 padlock in the switch without lock ing it." "And what did the defendant do when he saw this violation of safe practices?" "He did not see it." "Why?" "He went for a cup of coffee after he gave the-instructions." There was a subdued gasp of hor ror from themudience, and the judge pounded with his gavel. The de fendant was pale when I stared at him accusingly. I turned back to the witness. "What happened?" "Nothing, sir. Nobody removed the padlock or attempted to turn the switch. The repair job was com pleted without incident." "But what could have happened as a result of this action." "Another employee might have removed the padlock, started the lathe, and caused injury to the repairman." I said. "That is all." I turned to the judge. "Mr. President, the pros ecution rests." The defendant was on his feet shouting, "Mr. President, no one was hurt. I didn't mean any wrong. I've been a good foreman for 10 years and nothing like this ever___" The judge's gavel pounded again. "Silence," said our president. "Ab sence of an accident is no excuse. If another man hail been as negli gent as you, we would have had an accident and disgrace to the com pany. I sentence you to have fine middle-sized black mark put on your safety performance record." And the defendant screamed, "No, not that! Think of my family. The children won't be able to hold up their heads. Please, mercy, sir, mercy!" "Did you have mercy on the man you almost allowed to be mained" Go and earn back your self-respect in loyal safety performance." *.#.* ........... And then came another memory. Sue had 311st conic back from her bridge club, and she said. "Dear I heard the most terrible hit of gossip about Mrs. Smith. You'd never be lieve it," I laughed. "Now, don't tell me she's been caught driving when drunk?" Sue flushed. "You don't have to use such obscene language. What if the children heard you? Of course not--nobody does that now. But it's still bad enough. She was driving 23 miles an hour down East Fourth yesterday." I was puzzled. "The speed limit --To page 48 7 INDEX Eighteenth Annual Safety Equipment Issue (Titles of sections in bold face) Abrasive blasting: 104 Absorbents, oil and grease: 21 Acid handling: 80 Air-home bacteria: 60 Air conditioning: 51; for crane cabs and pulpits: 71 Air filters: 69 Aisle markers: 20 Alarm Systems, fire: 212 Antiseptics, first aid: 232 Aprons: 108, 154 Audiometers: 100, 230 Awards and incentives: Belts, safety: 50 Body protection: 108, 154 Breathing apparatus, self-contained: 104 Bridges, crossover: 173, 180 Bridges, sidewalk: 23 Brooms: 19 Brushes: 19 Bulletin boards: 245 Cans, safety: 218 Cans, waste:-20 Canteens: 60 Car movers: 186 Chain: 173 Circuit breakers: 198 Civilian defense: 6 Cleaners, vacuum: 19 Cleansers, skin: 54 Clothing, protective: 108, 154 Clothing, welder's: 154, 161 Colors: 36 Compounds, non-fogging: 97 Compounds, sweeping: 25 Conveyors, 180 Cranes, portable: 179 Creams, protective: 124 Cups, paper: 62, 68, 311 Cuspidors: 56 Cutting oils: 59 Decals; 247 Deodorants: 25 Detergents: 20 Disaster control: 4 Disinfectants: 25 Dishwashing: 62 Dispensaries, medical: 231 Driers, electric hand: 54 Drinking water: 68 Dust collectors: 52 Dust control: 52 Ear stopples: 98 Educational materials: 245 Electric equipment: 180 Elevators, portable: 171 Examinations, medical: 230 Exhaust systems: 52 Extinguishers, first-aid: 209 Extinguishing system, automatic: 212 Eye conservation: 81 Eyesight testing equipment: 81 Face shields, plastic: 95 Fans and blowers: 51 Fatigue; 166 Filters, air: 69 Fire doors: 214 Fires, winter: 311 First aid for injuries: 231 Flameproof fabrics: 161, 214 Flammable liquids: 218 Floor coatings: 20, 38 Floor machines: 19 Flooring materials: 12 Food service: 60 Footguards: 143 Foot protection: 129 Fungous infections: 54 Fuses: 189 Fuse pullers: 164 Gloves: 108, 121 Goggles: 81 Grating: 30 Guards, machine: 187 Hand cream: 124 Hand leathers: 121 Handling materials: 167 Harness, safety: 150 Head protection: 112 Hearing aids: 100 Helmets, abrasive blasting: 104 Helmets, welding: 95 High-voltage equipment: 164 Hoists: 179 Hoods: 97 Hot weather health: 65 Housekeeping and Maintenance: 19 Industrial Health Engineering. 51 Inhalators: 237 Insect control: 65 Ladder shoes: 43 Ladder stabilizers: 43 Ladders, light metal: 21 Ladders, portable: 21 Lamps, fluorescent: 11 Lamps, filament: 11 Lamps, mercury vapor: 11 Lamps, germicidal: 60 Leg protection: 124 Lighting: 10 Lighting, emergency: 46 Lighting, protective: 46 Linemen's equipment: 122 Lockers: 56, 74 Lubrication: 192 Lubrication, wire rope: 179 Lunchrooms: 60 Machine Operation and Guarding: 187 Magnetic separators: 43 Masks, gas: 102 Masks, hose: 102 Materials Handling: 167 Mats, floor: Medical and Health Service: 229 Metal fires: 218 , Mittens: 121 Models, three-dimensional: 9 Multi-tenant buildings: Night work: 227 Noise control: 67 Non-fogging compounds: Office layout: 30 Paint: 36 Paint, luminous: 38 Pallets: 179 Personal Protection: 81 * Personal protective equipment, distribution: 3 Plant Layout and Construction: 9 Plant Protection: 207 Plastics: 100 Precipitators, electrostatic: 69 Radio, two-way: 226 Ramps: 18 Rehabilitation: 244 Respirators, filter: 102 Respirators, air-fine: 104 Rest rooms, 74 x Resuscitation: 237 Rodent control: 62 Roof anchorage: 17 Rope, fiber: 174 Rope, wire: 172 Rust prevention: 38 \ Safety Promotion and Training: 245 Safety services: 245 Salamanders: 311 Salt tablets: 66 Sanitary equipment and supplies: 20 Scaffolding: 22 Seating: 79 Shields, plastic face: 95 Shields, welding: 95 Shoes, safety: 129 Shower baths: 54 Showers, emergency: 54 Signs, safety: 247 Skids: 179 Skin cleansers: 54 Skin infections: 59 Smoking areas: 20, 38 Snake-bite kits: 232 Soap: 20 Soles, slip-resistant: 142 Spats: 124 Spontaneous ignition: 218 Sprinkler systems, automatic: 212 Stairs: 18 Static electricity: 216 Steamcleaning units: 20 Stretchers: 234 Sweatbands: 97 Steel strapping; 179 Sun glasses: 94 Sweepers, power: 19 Sweeping compounds: 25 Sweepers, magnetic: 19 Switches, electric: 198 Tags: 247 Tarpaulins: 127 Timber storage: 182 Toilets: 54 Tools, hand: 190 Tools, marking: 190 Tools, portable power: 190 Tools, non-sparking: 203 Towels: 54 Tractors: 171 Trucks, industrial: 171 Vacuum cleaners: 19 Ventilation: 51 Visual surveys: 81 Visual training: 245, 250 Washrooms: 53 Watchman supervisory service: 212 Wax, floor: 20, 38 Windstorm damage: 17 Window cleaning: 150 Wire rope: 172 Women in industry: 73 Wood preservatives: 43 Wood furniture: 79 ' X-ray apparatus and service: 220 Notional Safety Newt, March, 1954 the Safe Plant location. design and layout of n industrial plant affect safety and Jiealth of the workers as well s jMjotiotny and efficiency in operation. Attention to these details in pre,, ruining will avoid building into jj d plant many hazards that may eaUse accidents, tires, and occupa tional diseases. fn the larger companies, plans are checked by the safety and medical departments. It is also advisable to have them approved by state and municipal officials. Compliance With laws and regulations may save cost ly changes in the finished buildings. Standards for structures and equipment are contained in vari ous codes compiled and published through the American Standards Association. Remodeling an existing plant also offers opportunities for improving safety and health conditions. It has been estimated that some 75 per cent of the industrial buildings in the United States are more than 25 years old. Layout, ventilation, light ing. sanitary facilities and methods of handling materials can dfteii he improved without prohibitive ex pense. Important features to be checked in the planning stage include: 1. Site 2, Transportation facilities Docks and wharves Railroad Highways and plant roadways '.5. Exits and other wall openings 4. Walkways, floors, stairs, ramps, platforms 5, Storage favililElMliSiy Flammable,. "abdJyxjpiosivg "mag Serials H.irmr.il substances Raw materials.: Finished produces V Yard storage :j S, Electric: \vlring..and.ii)StaiIation'::fg: 7 Illumination: s Mechanical handling equipment Cranes Conveyors Iraki.-,!rial trueks .r ; Jl,: Elevators 10. Boilers and pressure lequrpmenCJi 11. Ventilation 12. Fire Control 13. Health and Safety C Water ; T Waste disposal Medical and first aid .service Personal protective equipment distfibufidh and regarr'ftcIiHia: 14. Persbfial: service fecflitiesiJ 1Parking: n Fooci service g Rest rooms /Employment: Training Visualizing the finished plant. In planning the lay-dpt, can he visualizedand^ pffiSidfedyflE; The simplest: method is: add dratvings.sMore, hifedtlyd'SiE block templates: arid 2-dimensional templates,,J: Scale models. 11" to the foot, pro vide a realistic 3-dimensional pic ture of the piant. Various arrangerrients can be tsade, and lt is possible to study a maHdf|ctffling,,spHii quickiy and easily. Operations Wiyc Distinctive architecture and attractive landscaping are characteristic of the t'pjohn Company's plant. A driveway extending underneath the building is used by companyoperated buses to take employees to arid from the plant. Employees entrance Is on the underground concourse. iThe Austin Co.) National Safety News, March, 1954 be combined or simplified and the sequence changed. Standards for templates and mod els are being developed by a com mittee of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. "Controlled Conditions," The win dowless plant, independent of the outdoors for light and ventilation, and the conventional type of build ing both offer certain advantages. From the standpoint of safety and employee health, satisfactory condi tions are possible with either type. Lighting the Workplace General Factors Type of industry is the major factor in plant requirements. Even plants in the same industry may have individual problems that in volve special planning. Among these are use and handling of flam mable, explosive or toxic materials, or unusual problems of materials handling and storage. The site. Location of the plant is often influenced by the manufactur ing processes. Smoke, odors, fumes, dust and noise are among the fac tors which may conflict with zoning regulations in Some areas. Proximity of raw materials, mar kets and labor are prime consider ations in choosing the site. Space for future requirements is another factor. If ample room is available, expansion can be carried on at lower cost and less interrup tion to production. The site should provide adequate outdoor storage. Where flammable and explosive materials are stored, legal minimum distances must be maintained between storage facili ties and other property. Fire prevention codes also speci fy minimum distances between buildings, depending on size, types and occupancies of buildings, --To page 13 Top; Conventional layout with aisle runnlni throufh middle. Flow of material zig-za* back and forth across aisle in moving from machine to machine, tower sketch shows same area with aisle at side. This permits tnll use of manufacturing space without having material cross aisle. (Gaudrean, Elmbach and Associate*) Recessed fluorescent continuous troffer lighting provides general illumination of more than 45 footcandles in Sinclair Refining Company's Research Laboratory. Metal acoustic tile is used in ceiling. Grease proof asphalt tile on floor and glaze Ule wails aid maintenance. (The Austin Co.) PRODUCTION, safety and personal comfort require good lighting. The effect on the individual's morale and his attitude toward his job are scarcely less important. Industrial processes have been growing more complex, throwing increasing burdens on the eyes. Labor costs have increased and the investment per worker is greater. These demands have stimulated lighting research with a goal of bet ter working conditions and greater efficiency. To enable the human eye to func tion effectively, the lighting system must: 1. Illuminate the work surface to a point of brightness which enables the worker to see easily and accurately and, to work at an efficient speed without eyestrain and unnecessary fatigue. 2. Illuminate the room generally so that all sections are free from excessive contrasts, harsh glare and disturbing shadows, and contribute a pleasant at mosphere. 3. Supply light of right color and quality to permit quick and accurate judging of appearance details. There are two seeing zones in which brightness should be con trolled. The first is the "task zone," which includes the job and immedi ate surroundings. Here the work should be illuminated adequately, shadows eliminated or diffused, re flections from surfaces avoided. The other and larger zone is the rest of the room. When a worker looks up from his work, he should not face glare from lighting fixtures or from a bright wall or ceiling. Trying to adapt the eyes from light to darkness several hundred times each day results in much wasted energy. Visual conditions are reasonably good if the surrounding area has a brightness at least one-third that of the task. It should not be brighter than the task itself. Higher illumination levels through out the work area and surfaces finished in colors with high light re flectance reduce glare by reducing the contrast between adjacent sur faces. Light colors on ceilings, walls, floors and machines, kept bright by regular cleaning and repainting, re flect a high percentage of light. Some directional and shadow ef fects are desirable in general light ing to accentuate the depth and form of solid objects, but harsh con trasts should be avoided. Clearly defined shadows, not too deep, are helpful in some operations, as in tex tile inspection. , Illumination levels Recommended levels of light for a wide variety of operations will be found in many reference books. One of the most comprehensive works on lighting is the IES Lighting Hand- 10 Notional Safety Newt, March, 1954 Schon I--Plant OnMtgn anti Qomtrvttion look. Much useful information is also contained in manuals published by manufacturers of lamps and fix tures. Existing levels are determined from readings with a light meter at the spot where light is needed. This device gives a direct reading of the number of footcandles. General lighting. The minimum amount ut light required for an area is termed general lighting. This has been defined as a uniform distribu tion of the light to produce approxi mately equivalent seeing conditions throughout an interior. Localized general lighting sources are usually arranged 10 feet or more above the work. Their purposes are to prevent too great a contrast in brightness between the more highly lighted work area and the adjacent areas, to provide sufficient light for general safety and protection, and to provide light for ordinary visual needs. For general overhead lighting, levels range from 5 footcandles for inactive storage and passageways to 100 footcandles for high-speed production and highly skilled work. To insure adequate levels, even where conditions are favorable, the system should be designed to give initially at least 25 per cent more light than the recommended mini mum. Where dirt collects rapidly and Systematic maintenance is not pro vided the initial value should be 50 per cent above the minimum. Supplementary lighting. Some difficult seeing tasks require more light than can be obtained economi cally by overhead general lighting. For such work supplementary fix tures are used. Two types of equipment meet most needs. One uses small concen- Emergency lighting unit powered by storage battery. (General Scientific Equipment Co.) National Safety News, March, 1954 trating projectors to increase the light on the work and provide direc tional quality. Another type is the large area, low brightness area, such as fluores cent desk or bench lamp. It can provide either general lighting for a small area or extra light for criti cal work, such as inspection. Supplementary lamps should be shielded, louvered or mounted to prevent glare. Artificial Light Sources Three common sources are: (1) Filament lamps; (2) Fluorescent lamps; (3) Mercury vapor lamps. Filament (incandescent) lamps are available up to 1500 watts for gen eral and special service. There is a type for almost every industrial, public and domestic need. For many purposes low first cost and conveni ence may offset the higher efficiency of other light sources. No auxiliary equipment is needed; merely a standard socket and available cur rent. Quality of light is pleasing and most colors look well under it. Fluorescent lamps have high effi ciency and long life. Heat output Is low--about one-fourth that of fila ment lamps with comparable light output. Low brightness and good light distribution make possible in stallations which provide adequate illumination of good quality. For a given lighting level more fluorescent units are needed than for incandescent or mercury sys tems. Fluorescent lighting is particular ly suited for large areas. Fixtures should not be mounted too low For high mounting applications a f orescent system is sometimes lore economical than either mercury or incandescent lamps. In spite of low surface brightness, bare fluorescent lamps are too bright for eye comfort. Louvres or trans lucent panels improve diffusion and reduce glare. Mercury vapor discharge lamps are highly efficient light producers, with high output per watt, long life and low operating and maintenance costs. Small size and high intensity makes it possible to obtain high lighting levels with a relatively small number of units. Mercury lamps are available in a wide range of sizes and wattages. They require auxiliary equipment which makes the cost high. After a power interruption they take five to eight minutes to restart. To avoid the hazard of temporary darkness a combination mercury filament sys tem may be installed. For high bay mounting where areas are large and maintenance difficult, mercury lamps offer defi nite advantages. For rough work, as in steel mills and foundries, they may be used alone. Where color discrimination is important, alternate fixtures of mercury and incandescent lamps are used. A new color-improved type gives the same effect as when equal wattages of mercury and filament lamps are combined. Reflectors. Lamps used without reflectors waste light and may cause excessive glare. Many types adapted to the light source and location are available. Factors to be considered in choosing the unit are: 1. Distribution of light and suitability for the interior. 2. Efficiency of light output. 3. Sturdiness tof construction. 4. Adaptability if more light is de sired. 5. Economy of cleaning and replace ment. Lamps with reflectors built into the bulb are advantageous where dust, fumes and other conditions make maintenance difficult or costly. The internal reflecting surface is not subject to depreciation and light is diffused through the bottom of the bulb. Reflectorizer lamps are available in both filament and mer cury vapor types. Natural Light Whether to design a plant to make full use of natural light or to depend largely or wholly on artificial light, is primarily an economic problem. Light of satisfactory quality and --To page 46 II Industrial Floors FLOORS must be strong enough structurally to support both static and moving loads. They must also withstand the impact and abrasion of foot and wheel traffic and falling objects. The floor surface must offer good traction and resistance to slipping under normal use. For most requirements there is a variety of satisfactory flooring ma terials. Sometimes a compromise between the best material and the installation cost may be necessary. General requirements. Various operations make special demands on the floor but the following specifi cations, or a reasonable compromise, are desirable: 1. Strength--Sufficient to carry four times the expected static load or six times the moving load. 2. Resistance to slipping--Not slip pery nor likely to become slippery through wear or contact with other materials. 3. Durability--Must stand up under normal traffic arid wear evenly without developing holes and splinters, 4. Maintenance--Easy to keep sani tary and in repair. 5. Fire resistance--Important in most industrial property. 6. Comfort--Resilience and low heat conductivity. 7. Quietness--Another aid to reduc ing fatigue. 8. Initial cost -- Often the deciding factor. Flooring Materials and exterior. It is one of the best materials for damp locations, but does not withstand acids. The floor should be graded to avoid spots where liquids can collect. Drains with strainers are needed where the surface is cleaned by flushing or where there is danger of flooding. A durable roughened surface, re sistant to cracking and dusting, can be obtained by a wood float finish to a mixture of pea gravel, sand and cement. Too smooth a surface is slippery when wet and is actually more tiring to the feet than a rougher one. Hardening compounds or sealers can be applied to prevent dusting. Concrete floors can be made con ductive and non-sparking with sur facing compounds containing nonferrous metallic aggregate. This treatment also makes the floor more wear resistant. For repairing holes and cracks some compounds are superior to concrete. Patching with concrete, even when well done, may crack out under heavy loads. For painting, a general purpose floor enamel may be used but fin ishes prepared especially for con crete are more durable. New con crete should be treated with zinc sulphate solution, to neutralize alka linity. Concrete provides a rigid and substantial base for resilient of flooring. Where men must stand in ^ position for long periods, resilw non-slip mats are an aid to comfort. Men who move about in their worfe are less likely to complain about floors being cold or hard. Footwear also has a bearing on comfort. Asphalt 'TTiot mastic) is non. dusting, elastic* odorless, and easily repaired. Problems of application restrict its use indoors. Asphalt is resistant to weather and moisture but is affected by oils, solvents, acids and alkalis. It stands up well under traffic but ordinary grades soften at temperatures above 95 degrees F. Harder grades of asphalt remain firm up to 158 degrees F. There are also acid-resisting grades. Asphalt emulsion, sold under vari ous trade names, is made into a mortar with sand and cement and laid cold about one-half inch thick. It is used extensively for patching. On a substantial wood base it will carry moderate traffic: with a con crete base it will take heavy truck ing. The surface is somewhat harder than the hot mastic type. Both types are affected by oils and solvents. Mastic flooring of other types usually has a resin binder. The materials are generally resistant to oils, solvents and alkalis, but the manufacturer should be consulted about the exposure. These materi als are relatively high in price and --To page 26 Each material has its limitations* Some with a high rating for durabil ity _,nd resistance to slipping may be to< expensive for general me. The a are often usable for limited special areas where a sure footing or resistance to chemical or abrasive action is important. The accompanying table will serve as a guide in selecting flooring. It does not include all types of floor ing or all problems concerning their use. Manufacturers have devoted much research to these problems and have considerable data avail able. Smooth, hard surfaces, like con crete, are susceptible to chipping and abrasion. Trucks with steel wheels and heavy falling objects are destructive to the surface. Eubber tires are easier on floors as well as on the ears. COMMON FLOORING MATERIALS FOR INDUSTRIAL USES AREA M 5 ill;:: I fit I htz S fUis f! | I l fttt y. '.* < .-.ix. 3 | ...55' 3s #- o Floors on grade........ X XXXX Floors below grade. X XX Suspended floors.... X XXXXX XX Driveways....,.,... X X X Samps and loading docks........ X XXX Manufacturing areas X XX X Warehouses............. . X XX Stair treads......... X X XX XX Offices............. X XX Laboratories--....... XX XXX Cafeterias........... .... XX Washrooms.,..... --. Food processing..... Corridors. . Platforms, catwalks. X X X X X X XX X X XX XX Concrete is suitable for a wide variety of industrial uses, interior * Also available In conductive fades for explosion-hazardous aress 12 Notional Safety Nws, Marti), I7S4 planning a Safe Plant From page 10 Considerable space for storage of coal and other bulky materials and for disposal of solid wastes are needed in some industries. Decentralization of industry and erection of new buildings in outly ing locations often brings transpor tation problems, particularly where transit service is inadequate. Em ployee car pools have become a recognized method of transportation. Some companies operate private buses, either free or at a low fare. The working day really begins when the employee leaves home for the days work and ends when he returns home at the end of the shift. Tardiness and absenteeism increase when getting to and from work is difficult. Management is also con cerned about traffic hazards en route. The effect of a new plant on traf fic and parking conditions should also be considered. Many an indus try otherwise unobjectionable as a neighbor may be unwelcome be cause of the congestion and hazard created. Topography. Ground may be high or low, level or sloping, dry, swampy, or undermined. All of these factors must be considered in the plants. Normal drainage and the possibility of floods or washouts during heavy rains must also be considered. On ground likely to be flooded, multi-story buildings have advan tages. Upper floors provide a safe place to which valuable equipment and products may be moved. Waste disposal. Waste and sani tary sewer location is determined chiefly by location of buildings, lay of the land, and maintenance needs. Sufficient manholes or other open ings for maintenance should be planned. Sewers should not be located where leakage might contaminate drinking water sources. In some in stances it may be necessary to treat waste material before running it into streams or otherwise disposing of it. In other instances it may be necessary to install special sewer age systems. Federal as well as state and municipal laws may gov ern waste disposal. Climate. In colder regions there are problems of ice and snow re moval. Keeping the plant warm may make ventilation complicated and expensive. --To page 14 Wnfmnnl Snfmtu N*us. Mareh 1954 Icf/0H Dtim mml POLE UNITS GREATER ECONOMY, AND SAFETY FOR OUTDOOR LIGHTING ONLY THOMPSON UNITS permit rapid ... safe ... efficient ground-level maintenance for pole-mounted pendant or floodtype luminaires. These newly developed metal pole units elim inate all climbing and electrical hazards ... reduce servicing time and costs to absolute minimum .,. feature decorative as well as functional qualities. Supplied as complete packages ready for wiring and erecting, "Servisafe" metal pole units In corporate the patented THOMP SON disconnecting and lowering hanger mechanism. This device permits lowering and reposition ing of luminaire with imum effort. Both single and double-arm models can be furnished with a variety of new steel and alumi num poles. Single-arm brackets for walls and wood poles also are available. SON ELECTRIC CO. 1199 POWER AVENUE CLEVELAND 14, OHIO 13 Section 1--Plant Design and Construction See Better! Wort Better! CONSUMES: Aik forlUXOlAM* | or for noorMt efookr's DEAlHStJONHS Un up wttft LUXO LAMP. Writ* Today! RMSOlTATtVES LUXO .AMP CORPORATION TUCKAHOE, NEW YORK GETS-A-LITE GUARD ind GUIDE Quickly and Easily Installed by Anyone -- No Tools Neededl Simply slip GETS-A-LITE GUARD AND GUIDE over the fixture, u Il lustrated. Made of Indestructible spring steel wire. Nothin* to break, get out of order or replace. Will last Indefi nitely. Once installed, GETS-A-LITE GUARD AND GUIDE is NEVER removed. e Nothing the unlock, fuss with or lock, when changing lamps. e GETS-A-LITE GUARD AND GUIDE actually steers lamp into socket, en abling maintenance man to change lamp in 10 seconds! Available for 40 watt and 100 watt fluorescent lamps. Contact Your Electrical Wholesaler, OR GETS-A-LITE Co.-Dpt. NS34 3M5 N. Milwaukee Ave., Chicago 41, 111. 14 Planning a Safe Plant --From, page 13 In warmer and drier climates some material may be stored out doors; in others, covered storage may be necessary. Roof loads of ice and snow and strong winds also affect building design. Where storms of hurricane intensity are frequent, roof anchor age is important. Insurance com panies have useful data regarding losses through windstorms and lightning in various sections of the country. Prevailing winds also affect design and location of smokestacks. Appearance of the plant--both in side and out--is important. Em ployee and community relations are influenced by the looks of a factory, and customers often judge the prod uct by the plant, the housekeeping program should include the entire property. Landscaping should be planned for economical maintenance. With power mowers and sweepers a small force can take care of a large lawn if it is not broken up by shrubbery and flower beds. Decorative floodlighting has been employed by companies with dis tinctive buildings and well-kept grounds. Protective lighting safeguards life and property, particularly in times of emergency. Fences high enough and strong enough to deter tres passers are also important in plant protection. Entering and leaving the plant Separate entrances and exits should be provided for pedestrians, vehicu lar traffic and railroad traffic. En trance and exit gates should be not less than 35 feet from property line structures which might obscure vision. Gates for vehicular traffic should be arranged so that drivers will have a clear view of cross traf fic when leaving the premises. Passenger loading and unloading facilities should be arranged to avoid traffic hazards and reduce the physical effort required to reach the plant. If the plant is on a main highway, space should be provided where buses can at least pull off to the side for loading and unloading. Where highway traffic is heavy and a large number of employees must be handled, an underpass or overpass will avoid congestion and delay in getting to and from the plant. Some companies bring buses right into the plant. The buses are driven down a ramp to a central location. From there employees reach tlwJ jobs through passages below thJ main production floor. Parking. The parking lot is an in, dispensable part of today's plant, jj should receive consideration in ajj plans. If it is necessary to cross a busy thoroughfare to reach it, ^ underpass nr bridge may be needed Separate entrance and exit facilities should be provided. Guides and marking aid in proper use of the parking area. Building Trends High construction costs are stimu. lating the search for economical materials and methods. Newer building materials, which meet se vere performance tests, are some times barred by local building codes. Work on standardization of building codes is being conducted by the American Standards Association and other organizations. One-story plants are preferred in many locations where land values are not excessive and there is plenty of room for expansion. Advantages of one-story construction are: 1. Lower construction costs. 2. Freedom from stairs and elevators. 3. Ease in routing and handling heavy and bulky equipment. 4. Better lighting and ventilation. 5. Ease in isolating hazards. 6. Efficient handling of materials. 7. Ease of supervision. 8. Lower operating and maintenance costs. 9. Better possibilities for landscaping --an asset where the plant, is in a conspicuous position near a main highway or an airport. f Roofs. Keeping the roof flat, or with few projections, reduces con- REFERENCES Plant Design and Construction National Safety Council Accident Prevention Handbook lor In dustrial Operations. National Safety News Engineering Plants for people--J. K. Gan nett. July 1950, p, 20. Our Aging Plants--Leo J. Pantas, Jan. 1951, p. 18. Panorama of a Safe Plant--George H, Mletlls, Feb. 1952, p, 18, Looking Over a Mechanized Foundry-- F. B. Skeates, June 1951. p. 20, Floors and Their Upkeep--July 1953. p. 30. American Standards Assn. BuUdlng Construction, Safety Code for --A10.2-1944. Building Exits Code -- A9.1-1951 (NFPA 101). < Floor and Wall Openings. Railings and Toeboards, Safety Code for--A12-1932. Miscellaneous Plant Layout, Planning and Practice-- R. W. Mallick and A. T. Gaudreau; John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1951. The Industrial Environment and Its Con trol--J. M. Dalla Valle; Pittman Publishing Co., New York. National Safety News, March, 1954 struction costs. Monitor and sawconsfruetions are becoming less popular although they are effective in admitting natural light to jjie center of the building. With jnodern light sources simulating natural light, daylight has become less important. I j I Materials Handling General facilities for moving ma terials in and out of the plant are railroads, highways, water and air. In a few cases all types may be used but more than two are seldom needed. Loading docks should be planned with consideration for traffic out side and within the plant. Railroad sidings and roadways within the plant add some of the problems of railroading and highway traffic to manufacturing operations. Transportation with materialhandling equipment within the plant includes plant railways (standard and narrow gauge), motor vehicles, power tracks and tractors, hand trucks, cranes, conveyors and eleva tors. Studies of the flow of materials through the plant, from the time they are received until they are shipped out as finished products, will often reveal ways to eliminate unnecessary handling as well as hazards. Adequate clearances be tween vehicles and fixed structures must be provided. This is particu larly important in laying out plant railways and driveways. , j ! * : 1 Machine Layout Machines should be located so that each operator will have enough space to handle the material with out interference from other work men or from machines. It should not be necessary to stand in or near aisles where he will be menaced by traffic or interfere with it. Movement of both persons and materials should fit smoothly into the general scheme of traffic. In continuous line operation, where machines are frequently served by conveyors, little or no intermediate storage space for ma terials is necessary. In other types # of operation added space for storage of raw and finished materials is essential. Work and storage space. Space for the full needs of equipment and operators and for the movement and storage of materials should be pro vided. Insufficient headroom is often a hazard. "Temporary" installations of pipe lines, equipment supports, | j j j | j ! ! National Safaty Nawa, March, 1954 Section l--riant uastga ana cenerrucnon Because of Biiriti Corners Kfear-Uit Safety Mirrors for Industrial Use mrw ucstgnea nor use m faeforfas and warehouses where blind corners, cross aisle intersections, entrances and exits present a safety problem because of traffic accidents: iSafety Mirro*rs* Vdeharljy*htreflect8 thfe 1m0ovfeemete, ntKfoeaf r-oVnu coming floor traffic from opposite directions--thereby wwoving principal cause for collisions. Mirrors are easily installed and adjustable for any desired angle. They art also adaptable for biifdbor use. Write For Bulletin: Style Circular Convex Class Circular Convex Glass Circular Convex Glass Flat Glass Rectangular Flat Glass Rectangular No. Dimension* 120 12" Dia. 180 18* Dia. 240 918 24" Dia. 9'x 18" 1640 16" x 24" LESTER L. BROSSARD CO. 540 North Michigan Ave. Chicago 11, 111. SWIVELIER Adjustable STAY COOL Using 100-Watt Lamp Will NOT WORK LOOSE OR DROP DOWN--BECAUSE OF IOCKED-IN SPRING-TENSION. * `'STAY PUT . , , AT ANY ANGLE!" "SPOT THE U.CHI WHf'tE YOU WANT IT... UKIVUSMIV ADJUSTAKLE LIGSHETCTTHE WHERE YOU NEED IT.* Hero It a new incandescent metal shade engineered to remain comfortable to the touch even after long hours of use with 100-watt lamp. "Coalites" are ideal for use on lathes, millers, drill presses and other machine topis; on assembly benches and inspection tables, desks, drafting boards and business machines. (Ail wires enclosed.) e For full details on Coalites, fluorescent and incandescent "Dextra-LItes" and other And Swivelier Industrial lighting Units -- Write Dapt. NS3, for Bulletin 134, SWIVELIER COMPANY, Inc. 43 --34th St., Brooklyn 32, N. Y. Showroum 30 Irving P!ac>?, Now York N. Y. i is Section 1--Plant Design and Construction overhead conveyors and other In stallations that might cause head bumps can often be avoided. Eleva tion drawings should be studied to determine the exact location of equipment that might cause trouble. A vertical clearance of at least 7 feet should be provided, especially over aisles?-passageways and stair ways. Where this is not practicable, overhead obstructions should be marked by contrasting paint or padded to reduce possibility of in jury. Storage space must be adequate to avoid confusion; bad housekeep ing, fire hazards, overloaded floors, and damage to stock. At unloading platforms ample space is needed for handling and storage of incoming materials. Supplies, tools, safety equipment, small parts, and equipment not used Grating by BIAW-KNOX frequently are often neglected in allotting storage space. This makes where do you need maintenance difficult, particularly with such items as personal protec tive equipment, ladders, and hoist steel grating? ing equipment Hazardous materials. Flammable, toxic or corrosive materials require special precautions in storage. These There must be lots of places where you are now using grating--floors, platforms, walkways, catwalks and stair treads, for example. include solvents, paints, oils, ex plosives, compressed gas containers, acids and alkalis. Storage of such But how about other uses--such as some sturdy shelving or a fan materials is covered by codes. guard--or for covering a dangerous open pit or a light well. Take a i good look around your plant and you'll probably come up with several jobs, including perhaps a new use, as steel grating is adaptable to j Safe access to all parts of the plant should be provided. Stairways, rather than portable or fixed lad many applications. ders, should be used wherever pos Any time you want some help on a job related to grating, we'll be sible. glad to hear from you. Stairs for general use should be Only BLAW-KNOX Electroforged convenient to the areas served. They should be equipped with standard Steel Grating and Stair Treads handrails and there should be no obstructions at top or bottom. --have these five exclusive features: In-plant traffic. Planning for the movement of power trucks and trac 1. rigid one-pi< construction--easy to install tors, hand trucks arid tractors in and about buildings requires provi 2. all surfaces accessible--easy to paint sion for adequate clearance in aisles, corridors, passageways, and at cor 3. no sharp corners to dog--self-cleaning ners and curves. 4. maximum open area--for light and ventilation Aisleways should be wide enough to permit trucks to pass one another 5. non-slip twisted crossbar--safe footing without crowding and without en dangering persons working at ma A short note will bring you a copy of new Bulletin No. 2365-R chines. Sufficient width should be main --a dimensional sketch will bring you a quotation. j tained for free movement of fire apparatus. For one-way traffic, BLAW-KNOX COMPANY aisles should be not less than,, two MW 2071 Farmers lank Building Pittsburgh 22, Pennsylvania BLAW-KNOX EQUIPMENT DIVISION feet wider than the widest vehicle loaded. For two-way traffic, aisles should be not less than three feet GRATING DEPARTMENT wider than twice the width of the widest vehicle loaded. GRATING APPLICATIONS; Boors platforms walkways catwalks stair Clearance must also be provided treads fan guards shelving and many other uses, both outdoors and for overhead cranes and conveyors. indoors, for versatile steel grating. At least 24 inches of clearance <4 Section t--Plaai Decide ami OMtffWak should be allowed the highest points 0 cranes and overhead trestles and other overhead fixtures. Also, 24inch clearance should be allowed between any part of the crane and wall, column or other stationary structure. Cross aisles should be avoided at tops and bottoms of ramps and in clines. If possible, aisle and ramp should be in a straight line. Pedestrian traffic. Aisles should be proportionately wider to accom modate rush traffic flow to such points as time clocks, lunchrooms and exit gates. Some companies provide main aisles up to 20 feet wide and cross aisles not less than 8 feet wide. Where foot traffic parallels rail ways or other fixed-track carriers, adequate clearance should be pro vided to allow the aisle edge to be marked by a distinctive line on the floor. Aisles should always be clear ly marked by painted lines or other wise. Gates, warning signals or signs, and barricades should be provided. Where volume of traffic is heavy, underpasses and overpasses for both vehicular and pedestrian traffic should be considered. j j The non-skid floorim% (on'f wen Protection Against Wind No section of the country is im mune to damage from windstorms, nor is the menace limited to any sea son. Tornadoes, cyclones and hurri canes are more frequent in the milder months while destructive blizzards cause heavy damage in the northern sections during winter. Roof coverings, copings and flash ings are especially vulnerable to wind damage. In addition, outside structures such as stacks, ventilators, canopies, signs and cranes should be designed and anchored to resist wind, and good maintenance should be provided. Wood and steel-deck roofs need special anchorage to resist lifting by strong winds. Standard roof anchor age is designed to resist gust veloci ties of 90 mph. In most cases this will protect against minor tornadic storms and reduce the extent of damage outside the vortex of a se vere tornado. The vortex of a tornado rarely strikes a plant but there are many storms severe enough to tear off outside structures and plank-ontimber of joisted roofs that are not anchored on. Such forces are en countered in severe gales and thun der squalls as well as in minor tor nadoes and in zones on the edges of the vortex of a major tornado. Watch slipping accident* end and inflated in surance costs come down fast when you install Algrip Abrasive Rolled Steel Floor Plate wherever footing is treacherous. Ailgrip give* sure protection against slips and falls, because each square foot of its tough, lightweight steel plate is impregnated with hundreds of tiny abrasive particles to o controlled depth of pene tration. providing a nigged surface that stays non-slip--even on steep inclines! Alcrip's "grmding-whetl grain will never become smooth because hard wear only exposes new: gripping particles , . . a safety bonus exclusive with Algrip. Let Algrip stop slipping accidents in your plant once and for all. It will pay for itself in savings on insurance premiums. Mail this handy coupon today for full details without cost or obligation. A.W. ALGRIP Abrasive Rolled! Steel Floor Plate Underwriters* labora tories approved for safety,/ { ALAN WOOD STEEL COMPANY | CONSHOHOCKCN. PA | Please send Booklet AL-12 for full details on ending accidents and big insurance premiums with ALGRIP. I NAME- -T1TIE- ADDRESS- CITY- -ZONE- STATE. Nalional Safety Newe, March, 1934 Stairs and Ramps STAIRS AND RAMPS are impor tant arteries of traffic in plants where operations are conducted on more than one level. Three types of permanent passageways between different levels are: (1) Stairs (2) Ramps or inclines (3) Fixed lad ders. The following general limitations apply: Stairs are used where the grade is between 20 and SO degrees from the horizontal. Preferred angle is 30 to 35 degrees. Ramps and inclines should slope as little as possible: 15 degrees is the recommended maximum. Fixed ladders are for grades over 50 degrees where stairways are not practicable. Use of ladders as a sub stitute for stairways is prohibited in some states. Stairs Long stair flights should be avoided. Landings every tenth or twelfth tread are recommended. For grades between 7 and 20 de grees, a combination of stairs and level landings may be used. Treads and risers. Ratio between depth of stair treads and height of risers determines the angle or pitch of the stairs, which should be be tween 30 and 38 degrees from the horizontal. Tread depth and riser height must be constant for each flight. Winders should be avoided. Wedge-shape treads make it more difficult to ascend or descend safely. Treads must be deep enough that, in descending the stairs, the ball of the foot does not project beyond the nosing and the heel does not strike against the riser above. Building Exits Code, A9.1, speci fies that treads of new stairs shall not be less than 9% inches, exclusive of nosing. The Code also states that no stairs with a tread of less than 6 inches, exclusive of nosing, shall be permitted. Stairs subjected to severe use, as in public buildings, should have treads with a durable non-slip sur face. Materials used for original installation or repairs include abra sive metal, steel with extruded pat terns, grating, plastic compounds, rubber and fabric with abrasive sur face. Risers should not be more than 8 inches nor less than 5 inches in height. Greater or less height will cause one to take an unnatural stride which may result in a serious fall. Railings and handrails. ASA Code on Floor and Wall Openings, Rail ings and Toe Boards, A-12, requires that every flight of stairs having or more risers shall be equipped with standard stair railings or stand ard handrails as specified. Ramps and Runways Ramps and runways are prefer able to stairways when it is practi cable to use them. They should be built to the least slope possible. Maximum recommended slope is 15 degrees. A rise of more than 1 foot in 10 is prohibited in industrial plants in some states. For wood ramps materials used in construction should meet the re quirements for scaffolds. Width should be adequate for traffic and open sides should be protected with standard railings 42 inches high. Toeboards should be installed where the ramp extends over a work place or passageway. Cleats 16 inches apart are needed on steep inclines. Planks should not overlap. The length of the plank should run the long way of the ramp. Ramps used for wheelbarrows should have an odd number of planks with no cleats on the center plank. The width should be not less than 3 feet. Concrete ramps are recommended for heavy traffic. Anti-slip surface is obtained by rough floating or incorporated in the finish coat. Hardeners and troweling should be avoided. When the concrete surface has been worn smooth, it can be rough ened by scrubbing with dilute nitric or muriatic acid. The surface is then hosed to remove all traces of acid. Ramps used by heavy vehicles, such as power trucks and heavyduty hand trucks, should have solid curbs as well as handrails. Ramps included as part of aisles Preferred angles for ramps, stairs and ladders. ! Well constructed concrete ramp witb curb and guard rails. A, runner of abrasivecoated fabric or rubber makes hand truck ing easier. or traffic routes should be as wide as the aisle to avoid bottlenecks. Splinters, nails, irregularities and breaks in the surface should be re paired immediately. Cracked or pit ted concrete can be resurfaced with one of the numerous flooring com pounds on the market. Outdoor ramps and platforms should be kept clear of snow and ice in winter. If ice cannot be re moved immediately, sand or cinders may be applied to give traction. In cold climates radiant heating in stalled in the concrete is often a good investment. Stairway Accident Facts In an analysis of stairway accidents made by the National Safety Council, a simple "misstep" was the chief act resulting in injury. In one out of three cases employees tripped when they did not step far enough, or when they over stepped, in descending stairways. Run ning and haste contributed to one accident in five. Failure to use hand rails, carrying too heavy loads, and handling objects unsafely were respon sible for other accidents. Unsafe conditions were reported in half of these accidents, slippery sur faces representing 50 per cent of this total. Unsafe design or construction (exclusive of hand rails) was second in importance, other defects of main tenance third, absence of hand rails fourth, and poor housekeeping fifth. In most cases, water or ice on the steps was responsible for the slippery condi tion, but in some cases tread surfaces, worn smooth by long use, had not been renewed. Two-thirds of the accidents were falls; in the other cases, persons suf fered strains, sprains or dislocations when they attempted to recover their balance, or were injured when they struck against objects such as posts, walls and equipment. Notiomrf Safety Newt, March, 1954 Plant Housekeeping HOUSEKEEPING js involved in t,verv phase of plant operation, attention to its numerous details brings benefits in productive effi. iency. sanitation, health, control of accident and tire hazards, and em ployee morale, as well as an im.roved appearance. The housekeeping program in cludes the entire premises, indoors and out. Maintaining order and cleanliness is the combined responsibility of management, supervision and em ployees. The best program cannot, succeed without the support of everybody, and this requires con stant stimulation. The plant. A well-designed, wellbuilt plant is easier to keep clean and free from disorder and hazards. Some essentials are: 1. Aisles of ample width, clearly marked. 2. Ample room to work. 3. Adequate and convenient storage for materials and tools. 4. Materials-handling equipment and methods that avoid congestion. 5. Ventilation to remove air con taminants--at the source where possible. 6. Floors and walls that require a minimum of maintenance. 7. Good lighting--well distributed artificial light: effective use of available daylight. 8. Personal service facilities--clean, up-to-date washrooms, lockers, and an inviting place where employees may eat lunch, Organization. Maintaining orderly and hygienic working conditions re quires an adequate crew of ablebodied men. They should be trained in their duties and provided with the necessary equipment and supplies. Equipment Vacuum cleaners. Heavy duty types are available in several models. Their usefulness is increased by a variety of attachments. In addition to floor cleaning, they are useful for removing dust from corners and from places overhead. Where dust sources are close to gether, a piped system may be prac tical. Cleaning implements are at tached to inlets located at frequent intervals. Some hotels and office buildings use this type of dust re moval. For most industrial uses, portable vacuum cleaners are more satisfac tory. Usually the dust sources are widely scattered and portable equip ment meets all requirements. Floor machines of several types can handle heavy jobs of floor cleaning. With them, floors can be scrubbed or dry-cleaned, waxed and polished. Like vacuum cleaners, floor machines can be obtained with a variety of attachments. Crusts of dirt, oil and metal cut tings can be removed with revolving wire brushes much more quickly and thoroughly than by hand spud ding, For finer finishing, steel wool rolls can be used. A vacuum pick-up for collecting dust is an essential fea ture of dry operations. Suction in connection with a scrubber dampdries the floor quickly. Scrubbing, rinsing and drying can be done with a minimum of interruption to pro duction. Floor machines may be p .chased or rented. Some manufacturers have service men who will train plant maintenance crews in cleaning methods. Power sweepers are time and labor savers where large areas must be swept and the litter is relatively light. Some models are also used for sweeping up leaves and litter from the plant grounds and driveways. Brooms, brushes, mops, etc., are needed in all plants to supplement mechanized equipment. Tools of good quality are more durable and efficient and they encourage better work. For dry sweeping, a wide cotton mop-or a hair broom may be used. Oily mops may leave a dust-catch ing film. Magnetic sweepers are used for picking up ferrous chips, filings, National Safefv News, March, T954 Stttioa 2--HouHkfpinf and Maintcmnct Floor machines are available in many types and sizes. This one applies detergent, scrubs, rinses, and damp-dries the floor by vacuum. Machine is self-propelled. Speed is adjusted by pressure on clutch lever. (Fihnell System) nails and tacks from factory floors, drives and walks, where such ma terial might cause a fire, explosion or personal injury hazards. This type has a rotary non-electric mag net which is removed from the unit for clearing it of accumulated metal. A larger power-driven model is used outdoors where large areas must be swept. These can be used to remove nuts, bolts and other fer rous objects around hangars and on runways to keep them from being sucked into jet engines. Aisle marl Tg. Wide clear aisles are signs o' a well-kept plant. White lines are constant reminders to keep them free from obstruction and to pile stock within designated areas. The lines can be renewed quickly, neatly and economically with an aisle-marking machine. Plastic film tape in white and col ors is also used for marking aisles and storage areas. It is said to be durable and resistant to moisture and most chemicals used in industry. Lines can be changed and damaged parts replaced easily. White, which has been adopted'for highway traffic lines, is preferred for floor marking within the plant. Trash containers at convenient locations throughout the plant help to keep litter off the floor. Contain ers with self-closing lids are best, particularly where oily rags and waste are stored. Containers may be 20 painted a distinctive color to call attention to their presence. Steam-cleaning units, which de liver jets of steam and cleaning solu tion under pressure, are used for cleaning many types of processing and fabricating equipment and re moving stubborn deposits of dirt from floors, walls, and ceilings. These units are available in both stationary and portable models. Smoking areas are now provided in most plants. Receptacles which will not tip and spill their contents should be provided for cigaret butts and pipe ashes. Supplies Development of more efficient cleaning materials has kept pace with improvements in mechanical cleaning equipment. Much research has gone into the development of cleaning methods. Manufacturers can furnish helpful data on house keeping and maintenance problems. Detergents. Basically, water does the cleaning. But water alone is not always effective. It needs the aid of a detergent--soap, an alkali clean ing agent, or one of the newer syn thetics. Soap is a detergent, but not all detergents are soaps. There are three types of dirt: (1) Water soluble matter; (2) Oils and greases; (3) Inert solids. A cleaner removes dirt by dis solving, emulsifying or suspending it. Soap is one of the oldest cleaners and a most useful one. When used with hard water soap can be saved by the use of water softeners. Its worst defect is the formation of curds in hard water. Synthetic detergents are derived from sources other than fats. Pe troleum and coal-tar derivatives, and by-products of certain indus tries provide the raw materials. These cleaners are effective when used with hard water. Alkalis, such as washing soda, soluble silicates and various phos phates, form the third class of clean ing materials. Compounds of these are marketed under a variety of trade names. They are useful for some types of cleaning where soap is not desirable. When used on floors they do not form a slippery film. Care of Floors Floors of all types have longer life if properly cared for. A protective coating of some type is desirable. Hardwood flooring in its natural state dries out and cracks and splin ters under traffic. Scrubbing raises the grain of the wood and excessive moisture causes it to swell and warp. For protective coatings, sealers, enamels and varnish are used. Seal ers penetrate the wood and produce a durable finish. Concrete, while resistant to mois ture, has a tendency to dust under traffic. This can be checked by treat ing with a sealer^ IFcolor is desired, a penetrating dye or a floor enamel may be used. ' ' Linoleum, asphalt tile and rubber tile have an impervious and decora tive surface. Care consists of clean ing and preserving this surface. As little water as possible should be used in cleaning. Wax protects the surface and pre serves appearance. It makes regular maintenance easier by keeping dirt on the surface instead of being ground into the floor. Water emulsion (self-polishing) wax can be used safely on all types of floors. Buffing waxes contain sol vents which injure asphalt and rub ber. Either type may be used on vinyl plastic floors. Self-polishing waxes are consid erably less slippery than buffing waxes. Tests have been made to determine the frictional resistance of various floor finishes on different types of floors. However, it has not been found possible to give any fin ish a rating which would apply for all surfaces and all conditions. For floor scrubbing, the cleaner should do the work without leaving a slippery film. Soap is permissible for such surfaces as concrete, com mon brick, wood block and mastic. For marble and smooth tile a clean ing powder that does not leave a slippery residue should be used. Strong alkalis and coarse abra--To page 24 Compact vacuum cleaner which will oper ate in narrow aisles. <U. S. Hoffman Mach;. Corp.) National Safety News, March, 1954 Portable Ladders Section 2--Houselooping and gVERY industrial and mercantile establishment has operations which involve getting from one level to another. Where frequent access to any location is necessary, stairways, ramps or fixed ladders are desirable. For occasional access to different point*, portable ladders are needed. They are particularly important in maintenance and construction work. Few accidents are caused by lad ders of defective construction. How ever, ladders which are too light or otherwise unsuited to the job are sometimes purchased. Neglect and abuse of well-built ladders, and un safe practices by the user are fre quent accident causes. In selecting ladders, a reliable guide is the American Standard Safety Code for Portable Wood Lad ders, A14.1-1952. Ladders built ac cording to code specifications are plainly labeled. Metal ladders are not covered at present by an American Standard Code. However, those marketed by reliable manufacturers meet exact ing tests. The Metal Ladder Manu facturers Association, organized in 1949, has established standards for this equipment. Subcommittees of the American Standards Association have been organized to formulate drafts of Two-section extension ladder and ladder (hoe. National Safety Newt, March, 1954 standards for Metal Ladders and Fixed Ladders. Definitions Following are types of ladders commonly used in industry as de fined in the American Standard Safety Code, 1952 revision: 1. Step Ladder. A self-supporting portable ladder, non-adjustable in length, having flat steps and a hinged back. Its size is designated by the over all length of the ladder measured along the front edge of the side rails. 2. Single Ladder. A non-self-supporting portable ladder, non-adjustable in length, consisting of but one section. Its size is designated by the over-all length of the side rail. 3. Extension Ladder. A non-self-supporting portable ladder adjustable in length. It consists of two or more sec tions traveling in guides or brackets so arranged as to permit length adjust ment Its size is designated by the sum of the lengths of the sections measured along the side rails. 4. Sectional Ladder. A non-self-sup porting portable ladder, non-adjustable in length, consisting of two or more sections so constructed that the sections may be combined to function as a single ladder. Its size is designated by the over-all length of the assembled sections. 5. Trestle Ladder. A self-supporting portable ladder, non-adjustable in length, consisting of two sections hinged at the top to form equal angles with the base. Size is designated by the length of the side rails measured along the front edge. 6. Extension Trestle Ladder. A selfsupporting portable ladder, adjustable in length, consisting of a trestle ladder base and a vertically adjustable single ladder, with suitable means for locking the ladders together. Size is designated by length of trestle ladder base. 7. Special-Purpose Ladder. A port able ladder which represents either a modification or a combination of de sign or construction features in one of the general purpose types of ladders previously defined, in order to adapt the ladder to special or specific uses. 8. Trolley Ladder. A semi-fixed lad der non-adjustable in length, supported by attachments to an overhead track, the plane of the ladder being at right angles to the plane of motion. 9. Side-Rolling Ladder. A semi fixed ladder, non-adjustable in length, supported by attachments to a guide rail, which is generally fastened to shelving, the plane of the' ladder being also its plane of motion. Materials and Construction Wood, which meets the require ments of weight and strength at Platform or safety ladder. moderate cost, is the most widely used material. Acceptable kinds and grades of wood are listed in the Code. Ladders may have either spread ing or parallel straight lines. They may have sides flaring at the base to increase stability, and converging at the top for specific uses. Light Metals. Alloys of aluminum and magnesium alloys are light in weight and resistant to moisture. In case of overload there is deflection warning instead of sudden breakage. Prices are higher than for wooden ladders. Metal ladders should be examined for sharp edges and burrs on the side rails and for soft metal rivets that might shear off under load. Metal ladders are conductors of electricity and should not be used around electrical equipment. Decals or painted warnings against such use should be carried on all metal ladders. Single, extension, stepladders, platform ladders, and planks, stages and hangers are available in light metals. Types of Ladders * Single ladders, extension ladders, stepladders and platform ladders are to be found in most every industrial plant. Telescoping ladders and tow ers, which are actually small, port able scaffolds, are useful where much work must be carried on at high levels. --To page 41 21 Uction 2--Houfkiuping ana maintmnancm Scaffolds and Staging SCAFFOLDS and staging of various types are used in construction and maintenance work. The two terms are synonymous, the former being used in the construction industry and the latter principally in ship building. Accidents involving scaffolds are usually serious because they involve falls of men or materials from high levels. Principal causes include de fective materials, improper con struction, unsafe practices and phys ical disabilities of the individual. Men who work at high levels should be carefully selected for the job. Many of the accidents involving structural failure occur with scaf folds built on the job with sub standard lumber and poor work manship. Types of Scaffolds Many types of scaffolds are in use, including some designed for certain trades. The principal types are: 1. Tubular steel 2. Portable 3. Swinging 4. Suspended 5. Built-up wood Tubular steel scaffolding is used on large construction jobs where it will be in use for considerable time and where work is carried on at great heights. This type of scaf folding may be purchased or rented. When rented, the contract usually includes erection and dismantling. Steel scaffolds have low wind resistance and are non-combustible, Tubular steel scaffolding erected for 82-foot addition to Betblehem Steel Company's Lackawanna plant. Protective wire screen around working area at top rises with top course of scaffolding. except for the wood planks. Dis mantling is less hazardous than tear ing down wood scaffolding. Inter changeable parts facilitate erection and dismantling. All steel members should be rustproofed by cleaning and repainting after each job. Tubular steel scaffolds for use in side buildings are frequently mount ed on casters. When casters are included, the base section should be made rigid by additional bracing to tie the bottoms of the upright tightly together. Caster locks should be provided to prevent movement while in use. Portable scaffolds. Maintenance work in industrial plants and in public buildings is made quicker and safer by portable metal work stands and towers. They provide a broader platform than the platform ladder, permitting more than one man to work and providing more space for tools. Some types of portable towers are telescoping while others have fixed heights. In addition to the models with four casters, there are work stands of the wheelbarrow type easily moved by one man. Swinging scaffolds are useful for painting, tuck-pointing, window glazing and washing, and other operations where the scaffold height must be adjusted frequently as the work progresses. A swinging scaffold should be se curely hung from eaves, cornices, or other reliable support, with hooks of adequate strength. Anchorage should be carefully inspected before the hooks are placed. Ropes should be of the best grade manila not less than % inch, on at least six-inch blocks. Steel cable should be not less than 5/16 inch. Steel cable is wound on a drum, not pulled by hand. Suspended scaffolds are supported by outrigger I-beams attached to the frame of the building. They are recommended for use on buildings more than five stories high which have a frame to provide the over head support. The scaffold is raised and lowered by steel cable operated by a winch. The shackles or beam clamps holding the cables should be secure ly fastened to the outriggers with a stop bolt in the outer end of each outrigger. Cables should be secure ly fastened to the outriggers and to Stairway type of aluminum portable scaf fold. (Patent Scaffolding Co.) the putlogs which carry the plat form or to the hoisting machines. Built-up scaffolds. Wooden scaf folds are temporary structures and workmanship and materials are of ten substandard. Attempted econo mies frequently result in scaffold failures accompanied by serious in juries, if not by fatalities. Lumber for scaffolding should be Inspected on delivery and stored where it will be protected from weather. Specifying a particular grade of lumber may not be practicable since no one grade will be available in all localities. Names also have different meanings in different sections. Spruce, fir, longleaf yellow pine, Oregon pine; or wood of equal strength should be used. Material should be straight grained, free from knots, checks, cracks, decay or other defects. Only the strongest species and grades should be used. In general, the heavier and denser woods are strongest. Species and grades of lumber recommended for scaffold planks include: 1. Douglas Fir -- select structural plank. 2. Southern Pine -- merchantable structural longleaf plank and dense structural square edge and sound plank. 3. Larch -- structural plank. ' 4. Norway Pine -- select common. 5. Eastern Spruce -- select common. 6. Tamarack--select structural plank. The structural grades of lumber should be used for scaffold planking wherever possible. Where these are 22 National Safety News, March, 1954 .,ui,, each individual plank nK*iJd*b carefully inspected. PSwJt* of Iess 2-inch thickness (1% inch dressed) n than 8-inch nominal width inches dressed) should be used. Swinj scaffold supported by steel cable operated by hand winch. Railings and toeboards. Most codes require railings on scaffolds more than 12 feet high but railings are desirable on lower scaffolds. A top rail should be 36 to 42 inches above the floor with an intermedi ate rail half way between the top rail and the walkway surface. Toeboards are needed to prevent tools or materials from falling. Overhead protection, consisting of planking heavy enough to stop any falling object, should be provided for scaffolds when men are working overhead. This protection should be not more than 9 feet above the working platform. Sidewalk bridges. Where con struction or repair work is carried on over sidewalks, protection for pedestrian traffic is needed. Side walk bridges of adequate strength are provided by the companies fur nishing sectional steel scaffolding. Ladder-jack scaffolds are used chiefly by painters and electricians. They should not be used at a height of more than 22 feet above ground or floor. An unsupported span should be not more than 10 feet. REFERENCES Ladders and Scaffolds National Safety Council Accident Prevention Handbook for Indus trial Operations. Ladders, Aluminum and Other Metal- Safety Reprint Oen. 7. National Safety News Pacts and Fancies About Ladders--L. J. Markwardt and Alan D. Preas, Peb. 1950, p. 26. Life-Saving Ladders--July 1949, p. 50. Protecting Wood Ladders from Decay-- Feb. 1950, p. 40. Inspection of Wood Ladders--L, J. Mark wardt, Dec. 1953, p. 24. Testing Scaffold Planks--W. E. Rossnagel, July 1950, p. 28. Rolling Scaffolds--July 1951, p. 44. Safer Maintenance with Swinging Scaf folds--May 1952, p. 42. American Standards Assn. Ladders, Construction, Care and Use of --Safety Code A14-1952. National Safety News, March, 1954 SOLSPFMDRI SPEEDI-DRI CORP. Warehouse stocks maintained in principalcities of Hit United States and Canada. too Inquirers in New York, New Eit** tend, and New Jersey should write to Speedi-Dri Corp. Elsewhere in U.S. to Wavorty Petroleumfrodaets Co., 1724Chestnut St, Phil*. 3, Pi. In Canada, 6. H Wood t Company tut, Toronto. Branches throufhout Canada. FREE SAMPLE Fill out the coupon and mail today for free sample and literature. ^ Name_ 23 Sscfioa 2--HoMicMpi8 amt Maiataaeata FERALUN takes punishment gives years of safety service AS 107* Yes, Feralun treads, floor plates and thresholds take the pounding of heavy traffic in stride because this economical flooring material is cast to last! No matter where you put Feralun--on stairs, steps, walkways or ramps--it assures two fold benefits: 1 It protects against slips and falls. 2 It keeps doing this vital safety {ob for the life of the building. Reason? Feralun consists of a special cast iron matrix with a diamond-hard abrasive imbedded in the walking surface. Gripping action is provided by the abrasive, not by the scoring or inden tations in the metal. Get the full story on Feralun. Find out why millions of feet of this long-lasting anti-slip flooring are now in use. BueriNA* contains WniTB TODAY for your copy AMERICAN ABRASIVE Safety Floorings AMERICAN ABRASIVE METALS CO. 460 COIT STREET, IRVINGTON U, NEW JERSEY 24 Housekeeping --From page 20 sives are injurious to many types of floors, and usually milder cleaners will be effective. Floor coating and finishing mate rials are listed by Underwriters Laboratories in three classes. Ma terials listed haVfr been found to have slip-resistance ^characteristics of not less than 0.5 as determined by the static friction test method of U. L. 1. Floor Treatment Materials (FTM): v 1. Water-base materials. 2. Fillers, sealers, varnishes, and similar materials. 3. Detergents. 4. Abrasive-grit-bearing liquids. 5. Waxes, other than water base. 6. Sweeping compounds. (The Gas and Oil Equipment List lists materials according to fire haz ard classification.) 2. Oil and Grease Absorbents (OGA). 3. Walkway Construction Materials (WCM) Includes floor plates and stair treads made of: 1. Natural stone. 2. Composition 3. Abrasive-grit surfaced materials. Oil absorbents. Around machines and other places where oil and grease accumulate, hazardous and unsightly conditions develop. Oil spills should be cleaned up promptly. Use of a non-combustible absorbent compound makes it easier to keep floors clean. Specially constructed testing device to de termine anti-slip qualities of floor coatings. It measures the distance traveled by a felt pad on the waxed floor before it gives way. (Westlnghouse) Notional Safely News, March, 1954 Abgorbente are avauame m two for oils and grease; the all-purpose absorbent here water and other liquids are "sent. They are much more effecpreeS than sawdust, waste or rags. 11 ^>eSts by Underwriters' Laboraries have rated the effectiveness of ^ese compounds in absorbing oil nd grease and from the standpoint If fire safety. They are not subject t0 spontaneous heating unless the absorbed oil has that quality. Oil-soaked garments, shoes, ropes anfi belts can be dry cleaned by burying in the compound. Disinfectants and deodorants are useful, particularly for washrooms and garbage cans. They are not substitutes for detergents. Odors may indicate either unsani tary conditions or merely a nuisance. They should be removed if possible but a deodorant may be needed at times. Sweeping compounds keep down dust from sweeping. Compounds are listed by Underwriters' Laboratories in two classifications: Class I--Non combustible; Class II--Slow burn ing. Tests include combustibility, behavior on heating, and spontane ous heating characteristics. IP A k Don't stop traffic 0t patch to repair floors--use Prmam/x, tho now all-tomporaturom DRY TAMP floor patch. DRY TAMP MEANS SPEED No sticky mass to dig out of tho drum or to handle Pormamix dry pours sets instantly feather edges perfectly no production delays non-skid surface. ALL TEMPERATURE Won't freeze can be stored or used in any tem perature will store indefinitely a stock room item will not "set" in drum whether open or covered. Mistakes ]ust can't happen. Tamp in place and traffic rolls. CUTS MAINTENANCE COSTS on concrete, brick, tile or asphalt floors no special equipment or skill needed a one man job comes In durable 50 lb. net wt. fibre drums solve your floor patching problems for good. Write for Details Now! PERMAMIX CORPORATION 155 W. WACKER DRIVE CHICAGO I, ILLINOIS ON OILY AND GREASY FLOORS STOP COSTLY SUPPING ACCIDENTS nil usi am ms FULLER'S EARTH Adds greatly to the safety of your shop* Provides safe nonslip footing Absorbs oil and grease Lessens fire hazard because, unlike saw dust or wood shavings, it is non-in flammable Every shop needs this low cost safety aid. yA trial usill convince yo Send for FREE SAMPLE. TAMMS INDUSTRIES. INC. Stop BUMP and You Stop Loss........... with DURABLE Dock-Bumpers and Mats Resilient DURABLE Loading-Dock Bumpers absorb the BUMP when truck and dock come together--prevent truck damage -- eliminate dock timber re placement -- protect fragile freight. DURABLE Safety-Tread Mats absorb the BUMP of workers' feet -- reduce fatigue -- cut accidents -- prevent dirt carry-in. DURABLE products save money throughout your plant. Mail the coupon! MAT COMPANY 75 North Pleasant St. Norwalk, Ohio 2926 16th St., S.W. Seattle 4, Wash. Send us ths facts about DURABLE Street. City__ Name_____________________ National Safety Nows, March, 1954 25 Section 2~Houiekeapinq and Maintenance There's a big difference in floor absorbents You. too. can witness the difference in Moor absorbents! With his portable laboratory, your Eagle-Picher man will analyze your floor absorbent right in )onr "jfice. You may actually conduct the test yourself! Without obligation, of course. Here's what the test shows-- The amount of oil and water absorbed for given bulk. The cost of your absorbent in terms of absorption and coverage. The amount of coverage you're getting, The benefits of your absorbent in terms of safety and reflective ability. - You'll see that Eugle-Pidier Floor-Dry is insoluble, chemically inert and non-com bustible . . . that it combines light weight for exceptional coverage with light color for brighter, safer working areas. Write today for the full story. EA PICHER MSM ifibbr-ww] Ko.85 EAGLE-PICHER INDUSTRIAL FLOOR-DRY No. 85 eagle Floors --From page 12 are used principally for patching and for resurfacing limited area. Ceramic tile is frequently userj where oils, acids or alkalis are pres. ent and in food product plants when, floors must be washed frequently Asphalt tile is a resilient material suitable for offices, stores and light manufacturing areas. It is avail, able in several grades--industrial, standard, greaseproof, conductive, and grease-proof-conductive. It is moisture resistant but susceptible to indentation. It is lower in price than most types of flooring. It is non-slipperv in its normal state and can be kept in good condition with non-slip floor finishes. Linoleum is quiet and comfortable underfoot. It is used in office, laboratories and workrooms, where cleanliness is important. Heavy gauge linoleum will withstand loads up to 75 pounds per square inch without permanent marking. Since highly polished linoleum is extreme ly slippery, the choice of a finish is important. Rubber is resilient and has high dielectric strength which is unde sirable where static electricity is a problem. Conductive tyoes of rub ber flooring are suitable for such locations. Abrasive rubber flooring is useful for stair treads, elevator sills, thresholds. Vinyl plastic, usually in tile form, is durable and decorative but higher in price than most materials. It re sists acids, alkalis and most organic SirtCtlHA i PICHER 2f THE EAGLE-PICHER COMPANY General offices; Cincinnati (1), Ohio Many types of compounds for patching or restirfacing floors are available. (DuPont). National Safety News, March, ?954 Ivetits. The surface is nonporous ij'nd easy to keep clean. VVood block is used for heavy duty ,-eneral purpose floors. A floor of this type is durable, relatively noisejt,ss and comfortable under foot and ,joes not become slippery. Blocks (aid on a smooth, rigid base will itand . tinder heavy trucking and .,,.e not likely to crack. Blocks lould be impregnated with creosote Ur resistance to dampness. Blocks should be set in high melt ing point pitch. Ordinary pitch or tar tiller may stick to wheels and shoes in hot weather. Wood plank. Hard, close-grained wood provides a floor that is com fortable and reasonably durable un der foot traffic. Under moist condi tions. boards have a tendency to swell and buckle, A heavy sub floor makes the surface flooring more re sistant to moisture and traffic. Un der heavy wheel traffic, boards may loosen or break frequently, causing hazardous conditions and excessive maintenance. A penetrating floor seal protects the surface and makes cleaning easier. Fabric surfacing. Heavy fabric coated with mineral grains is used indoors and out for stair treads, ramps and around machines. The material can be applied to concrete, metal or wood. It is backed with adhesive which adheres to the sur face under pressure. It wears well and is resistant to water, oil and weather. Steel plates are serviceable for platforms, stair treads, floors, hatch ways. They wear well and are easily --To page 28 NO Section 2--Ho<jseke<iping and Maintenance MORE SLIPS! NOW make metal, concrete, and wood floors, staircases, areas around machinery and loading platforms SUP-PROOF--WET OR DRY. R-MIR-DEK NON-SLIP COATING is the only lightweight safety floor coating that is fire retardant, anti-corrosive, easily applied, and oil, grease, alkali, and acid-resistant Compounded of durable phenolic resins and polymerized oils with everlasting aluminum oxide granules added. R-MIR-DEK applies with square edge trowel to all types of floor surfaces. It may be thinned for spraying, and brush type formulas are also available. FREE: 2-color R-Mir-Dek br 'ure describes this lightweight safety floor coating. Write to T /lartment NSN-3. 214 E. 53rd STREET, NEW YORK 22, N. Y Installation of flooring materials in re search laboratory used for testing floor maintenance products. .Materials are rub ber, Koroseal, vinyl, asphalt tile, grease proof asphalt tile, linoleum, cork, wood block, quarry tile, slate, marble and ter- ra?70. (Wyandotte Chemicals Corp.) 14 ,. - t. REDUCE YOUR MAINTENANCE COSTS DRI-RITE WATER, OIL AND GREASE ABSORBENTS Dries and deans water, oil and scrubbing. Prever dents. Dri-Rite quality been proven in small industrial available to you Wnfe i- . sorbs sites :ca- .r/s rie Manufac*- THE DRI-RITE COMPANY 100 W. Chicago Av* Get DRI-RITE Protection section 2---Houfk**ping and rtkwnftno/Kt Floors --From page 27 $(JR-F00T1ffc ABRASIVE PAINT TAKE A LOOK AROUND THE "SAFE" PLANTS TODAY . . . inspect the danger areas . . . steps, wash room floors, traffic lanes, etc. . . . chances are you'll find those plants have cut down accidents, killing falls, costly injuries and out-time expenses with a simple apr cation of SURE-FOOT. f JRE-FOOT applies easily ... like ordinary paint; dries quickly ... to a hard, skid-proof, protective surface; lasts longer. In 5 attractive colors: red, green, black, gray and traffic yellow . . . SURE-FOOT will dress-up your plant... eliminate the slipping hazard. GET AIL THE FACTS . . . Writ* for th* nw SURE-FOOT Bulltiln No. 3-2. FIND OUT HOW YOU CAN SAVE and b SAFE with SURE-FOOT. FROST PAINT AND OIL CORPORATION MINNEAPOLIS 13, MINNESOTA r .................... SURE-FOOT DISTRIBUTORS ' " 1 Central Chemical Co. Dallas (D, Texas Guardian Safety Equip. Co., East Orange, N. J. Continental Safety Equip. Guardian Safety Equip. Co., St. Paul 4, Minn. Co., Houston 2, Texas Dayton Safety Supply Dayton 2, Ohio Guardian Safety Equip. Co., Los Angeles 3, Calif. Eastman Supply Co, Green Bay, Vvisconsin Fire Appliance & Safety Co., Little Hock, Ark. Guardian Safety Equip. Co., Philadelphia 4, Pa. Guardian Safety Equip. Co., Tulsa 4, Oklahoma (Branch, Dallas, Texas' Guardian Safety Equip. Co.. San Francisco 5, Cal. Guardian Safety Equip. Co., Atlanta 6, Georgia Safety Equip. & Supply Co., Fort Wayne 7, Ind. Safety Equip. Dist. Co. Knoxville, Tenn. Safety, Incorporated St. Louis 3, Missouri Safety, Incorporated Kansas City 8, Missouri Safety Supply Company Toronto 1, Ontario, Can. Somer, Filter & Todd Co. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Standard Ind. Products Co., Peoria 5, Illinois Universal Safety & Fire Equip. Co., Inc. Salt Lake City 11, Utah Watson Company Buffalo 8, New York 24 cleaned but are highly conductive of heat and are noisy. Plates with checkered extruded patterns offer good traction and re sistance to slipping. When worn, plates can Be roughened with a welding torch. v Steel plates are also used over ducts which carry electric circuits or pipe lines. They are easily as sembled and can be removed for servicing equipment, underneath. Magnesite is suitable for light traffic. It must be laid on a rigid base. It should not be used where there is excessive moisture or hydro static pressure, as in basements. It is resistant to oil. A coating of bi tuminous paint is necessary to pro tect metal surfaces in contact with magnesite since it corrodes some metals. Terrazzo floors are durable and easily maintained. The mixture can include abrasive aggregates to pro vide a non-slip surface. Sealers make it impervious to most acids. Where there is excessive foot traffic, as in building lobbies, rubber mats reduce slipping hazards and protect the surface. Lead is used for floors exposed to acids and as insets or mats for secure footing in operation of woodworking machines or other places where the results of a slip and fall would be unusually serious. Lead is conduc tive of heat, nonsparking and quiet. #f Zinc is nonsparking and sometimes used in such locations as compound ing rooms where fire and explosion hazards exist. Zinc is attacked more readily by acids and alkali. Cork tile is quiet and resilient and has high anti-slip and insulating Prompt application of oil absorbent pre vents slipping hazard and facilitates floor cleaning. National Safely News, Match, 1954 It's EASY to Keep Your Floors FREE of SLIPPERY OIL SPOTS with A 60-SECOND DEMONSTRATION TELLS THE STORY! MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY! ABSORBENTS the modern, economical oil and grease absorbents that keep your floors dry, dean and safe, and reduce mainte nance costs. National Safety Nows, March, 7954 SOLD THROUGH AUTHORIZED WHOLESALERS Section 2--Housekeeping and Maintenance Specialists in Floor Safety Absorbents 'WVAN DOTTE iy 'v\CHEM,CAUt^y ?v A?t.v!"vVK# ?vtt* : 7%>ot, a&otJe^jfe-daaaMiZMp- .Vote f/tnf a cigarette, continuing to bum itself out, has no effect whatsoever on an oilsoaked pile of Zorball! Wyandotte ZORBALL proves skidproof, FIREPROOF! SAFETY is FIRST with Zohball! Wyandotte Zorball prevents skidding, slipping -- and gives maximum protection against fire hazard! Recent impartial laboratory tests ha vo borne out the noncombustible nature of Zorball. Sam ples of Zohball, in these exacting tests, would not burn or even evolve combustible vapors! Another sample of Zorball, saturated with cutting oil, burned for only one second after the test flame was removed. The flame was only Vs inch high and did not spread beyond the area heated by the test flame! ZORBALL will also stop slip ping and skidding on icy steps, walks, loading docks, roads, etc. Zorball resists breakdown . . . refuses to cake or mud even under heavy traffic conditions ... is the safest, lowest '`use-cost" floor absorbent known. Call in your Wyandotte representative for proof of Zorball's safety and economy. Wyandotte Chemicals Corporation, Wyan dotte, Mich. Also LosAngeles 12, Calif. REG. U.S, PAT. OFF. Largest manufacturers of specialized cleaning products for business and industry 6 CHEMICALS Helpful service representatives in US cities in the V. S. and Canada 33 ratings. In dry locations it stands up well under light traffic. It is expensive for most industrial uses but it will reduce damage to dropped tools and materials. Abrasive metal plates are used fer thresholds, elevator sills, stair treads and other locations where appear ance and a durable,`non-slip surface are essential. Plates with abrasive particles incorporated in the surface are available in both steel and nonferrous metals. Conductive floors of several types are important in the control of static electricity where explosives are manufactured or where flammable gases, dusts and vapors may form explosive mixtures. Conductive floors ground static electricity and stray currents. Grille floors and gratings are often used for platforms, catwalks, stair treads, fire escapes, and over floor openings. They offer a sure footing and are practically selfcleaning. Office Layout FOR EFFICIENCY, convenience and safety, good layout is important in the office as well as in the factory. Many of the same principles of workflow apply to both. Light, ventilation, washrooms and other employee services are impor tant for any type of employment. Housekeeping is important from the standpoint of appearance of surroundings and the consequent effect on morale, as well as for health and avoidance of slipping and tripping hazards. The following basic details should be considered: 1. Work should flow through the of fice with a minimum of backtracking. 2. Transportation distance of work should be at a minimum. If possible, desks should be so arranged that each worker will receive his work from the person behind or beside him. 3. Employees using the same machine should be grouped. 4. Noisy machines should be segre gated wherever possible. Even where noise is not considered excessive, sound-absorbing materials on ceilings may be desirable. 5. Desks should face in the same di rection, unless two employees are work ing together, in which case they may; face each other. 6. Employees should not face win dows, unshielded lamps, or other source of glare. 7. If the office depends largely on daylight, employees engaged in the most exacting visual work should be located nearest the windows. North National Safely News, March, 1954 Viv*' - . ' What do you mean- 'f'm Polishing my Floors with Red Ink'?*' Section 2--Housekeeping and Maiateaaitce "That's right! Red Ink because you're wasting money on improper materials and unnecessary labor. "Red Ink because your faulty maintenance is saddling you with hidden costs. "You strip your floors of old waxes every few weeks. Then you reapply the wax. You use up a lot of wax as well as labor that way. "And each time the wax hardens, your floors get slippery. Remember when your secretary slipped and sprained her ankle? You hired temporary help during the four days she was out. You were paying two salaries for one job. "Then one of your key workmen slipped and missed two weeks. He was compensated for lost time, but you forfeited a contract because without him you couldn't meet a shipping date. "Your casualty insurance rates are way above average because you've had so many claims." HERTS HOW SVAiiFKEITYS SAVES Legge Polishes cut your material and labor costs right off the bat--because one application stays on your floors far longer. Only rarely do Legge Polishes need stripping. And they cut all other costs down to a whisper because their co-efficient of friction means safer walking surfaces. Many hospitals and industrial establishments report an end to slip-accidents on their polished floors. You gave on absenteeism, production bottlenecks and, very likely, on your insurance premiums.' Let a Legge Safety Engineer prescribe a Maintenance program for your floors. Safety is his business. No charge or obligation. Clip this coupon today. Walter G. legge Company, Inc. 101 Park Ava., New York 17, N. Y. ' N-3 Walter 6. LEGGE Company, Inc Dept. N-3, 101 Park Ave., New York 17, N. Y. Branch Offices in principal cities. In Toronto, J. W. Turner Co. O. K., show me. Send full information on LEGGE Safety Maintenance. Q I'd like a FREE copy of "Mr. Higby Learned about Floor Safety . . . the Hard Way!" 4 Name. Firm . Street.. City__ . Zone___ State. Nationaf Safety News, March, 1954 31 Section 2-Hootakeaping and Maintenance get this helpful booklet for your maintenance light is preferred by artists and drafts men. With modem lighting systems, this has become less important. 8. Those who have frequent callers should be near entrances. 9. Employees should be placed in front of or around the person having supervision over them. 10. Aisles should be at least 4 feet wide. 11. For desks facing in the same di rection, distance between the back of one desk and the front of another should be at least 3 feet. 12. Files should be placed against walls or railings, if possible. 13. Exceptionally heavy equipment should be placed against walls or col umns. 14. Private offices, where necessary, should be planned to avoid cutting off natural light and ventilation from per sons in adjoining rooms. In offices with controlled conditions of light and ven tilation, this problem is not important. 15. Floor maintenance should be given special attention. Floor finishes should be selected for anti-slip qual ities. 16. Electric outlets and extension cords should be arranged to avoid tripping hazards. 17. Glass doors should be painted with some conspicuous design near eye level to prevent persons walking into them. men I Here's a booklet your maintenance men will find invaluable day after day . . . saving time . . . saving trouble . . . saving expensive floors. It tells bow to remove stains from all types of floors. The methods are easy to understand, directions are simple to follow. It tells what to do, ichat to avoid. Cleaning materials are described and complete directions for their use given. This complete and useful handbook has been needed for years. Now it is yours free on request. There is no ob ligation. Mail coupon below or write us on your letterhead today. ' HUNTINGTON LABORATORIES HUNTINGTON LABORATORIES, INC Huntington, Indiana G Picas* tend my copy of the handbook, "How to Remove Stains from Floors." I'd like to see your representative soon. NAME___________ TITII ADDRESS CITY STATE I Floor Accident Facts i Reports from four states show that falls on the same level (mostly falls on floors) cause approximately 9 per cent of all compensated work injuries. With all falls ranking second nation ally among the important types of acci dents (handling objects is the only type more prevalent) it is interesting to note that in these states nearly 50 per cent of all falls were those on the same level. Working surfaces were most fre quently mentioned in falls on the same level. Analysis of working surface accidents in New York State showed that the principal surfaces were: In side floors 34 per cent; outside surfaces 18 per cent; stairs 16 per cent; ladders 9 per cent; scaffolds, ramps, etc., 8 per cent; other 15 per cent For each of the first three types of surfaces (inside floors, outside surfaces, and stairs) the principal conditions contributing to the accidents were, in the order of their importance, slipperyness, loose objects, and defective, rough or uneven condi tions of the surfaces. On inside floors, slippery conditions contributed to 47 per cent of the inju ries. In more than half of these cases, the floors were wet or muddy, while in most of the remaining cases, the floors were oily, greasy, soapy or other wise messy. "Loose objects which pre sented tripping hazards contributed to 38 per cent of the accidents; and defec tive, rough or uneven floor conditions contributed to most of the remaining accidents. 32 Bursting at the Seams with! Economy Reg, U.S. Pat. Off.N Cal-flor-dry is saving money for employees and management every year. It completely eliminates accidents caused by slipping on oily and greasy floors. Also eliminated are their high costs of lost time, and medical care. More and more Safety and Main tenance Engineers specify CalFlor-Dry. 120* Absorption Ratio Cat-Flor-Dry absorbs 120% of its own weight in oils (including soluble), grease and other liquids. It covers 32% more floor space per pound than other materials. Yes, by test and use, it goes farther by the pound, by volume, and by the dollar. Safe for Machinery In addition to Its over-all economy, Cal-Flor-Dry is always uniform in granulation. It is non-abrasive and therefore safe for machinery, pre cision tools and delicate surfaces. It does not ball-up on wheels and casters--nor mush-down when water-soaked. Cal-Fhr-Dry is still doing its job, after others have been swept away and replaced. Good Business Attention Jobbers: Invoices show that a great many jobbers double their business in absorbents after they switch to Cal-Flor-Dry. We cooperate with national advertising, comprehensive sales kits for sales men, inventory stocks in strategic locations and introductory offers. Repeat business makes turnover profitable. Write for full details There*' a lot left in the bog after others are empty. (J| ' '. J SEE YOUR JOBBER SALESMAN, OR WRITE DIRECT The FLOR-DRY Company 2318 Wydiff St. St. Paul U Mmn National Safety New,, march 1954 I "One Of The Best Things That's Happened In Our Plant!" Dravo Corporation's workers and management agree enthusiastically that functional use of color improves working conditions and increases productivity .. .Yet it costs no more than normal maintenance painting! ofn outstanding example the A> improvement in productivity and morale that results from the use of Pittsburgh COLOR DYNAMICS is the huge machine shop of Dravo Corporation, builders ot heavy in dustrial equipment. The activities in this shop include aU machining and assembly opera tions required to produce individu alized mechanical assemblies for river tow-boats, shipyard cranes, ore bridges and similarheavymachinery. This plant was repainted according to COLOR DYNAMICS. The bene ficial effects of this painting system are best described in these words of a Dravo Corporation spokesman: "As the dull, drab gray was re placed by the modern, functional colors Pittsburgh carefully engi neered for our requirements. workers enthusiastically com mented, `This is one of the best things that's happened in our plant!' "Thus COLOR DYNAMICS provides a 'lift' for management-employee re lations through improvement that can be seen, felt and appreciated. Further, there are dollars-and-cents advantages resulting from higher productivity at lower costs. "Visitors constantly remark on the improved appearance. Therefore, we feel that COLOR DYNAMICS has enhanced customer as well as employee relations. "Periodic painting of buildings and equipment is a maintenance neces sity. That's why we consider these benefits from painting the COLOR DYNAMICS way as a highly de sirable and worthwhile bonus." Ask For Color Engineering Study Of Your Plant--it's FREE! <* Why not test the practical value of COLOR DYNAMICS in your plant--on a machine or two, or in a whole depart ment? Send for our free book which explains how you can use this painting system simply and easily. o Better still, call your nearest Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company and ask to have a representative give you a color engineering study of your plant, or any part of it, without cost or obligation. Or mail coupon at right m Jlffil Pittsburgh Paints PAINTS GLASS CHEMICALS BRUSHES PLASTICS FIBER GLASS PITTSBURGH PLATE GLASS IN CANADA: CANADIAN PITTSBURGH INDUSTRIES LIMITED Send For Free Book PlttJhttrjh Plate Glass Ca,, Paint Oiv. Oepartne*t M$N*34, fHttskurik 22, Pa. Please send me a FKEE copy of your booklet, "Color Dynamics." O Please Have representative call for Color Dynamics Surrey with out obligation on our part. Nama ______ _ Stnat........................... ... ........... ......... ______________ Countu -- Stuta COMPANY Conr, 1S153 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co , Pittsburgh, Pa HILD MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT For Scrubbing and Maintaining Floors of All Kinds and for Scores of Other Dust-Control and Clean-Up Jobs HILD Wet-and-dry Heavy-duty Vacuums Two sizes. The larger size, Model 155 with 55 gallon tank ana capacity for 40 gal lons recovered liquid, is pictured in the large illustration, at right. The smaller size, Model 115 with 15 gallon tank and capacity for 10 gallons recovered liquid, is shown below. Both models are always ready for any clean-up job . . . wet or dry , . , without change of filter or other adjustment. Moisture or dust in the vacuum air-stream can cause no damage to the specially de signed HILD Bi-Pass Motor. Numerous attachments equip the HILD Vacuum to do scores of clean-up jobs . . . to "sweep floors with air" ... to remove dust from stock bins, over head pipes, beams and shelves . . . to drain coolant sump tanks, etc. HILD Heavy-Duty Vacuum-- Model 215 for Dry Clean-up Only Specially designed for dry clean-up work. A real, heavy-duty vacuum, but economically priced below the cost of wet- and-dry vacuums. Easy to handle, tracks per fectly ai the slightest tug on the hose. Uses same attachments as HILD Wet-and-Dry Vacuum, above. Hi- speed motor devel ops powerful suction . . . sufficient for .. closed water- Jf lift of 68 in. & * 90 SECOND CLEAN-UP--Two men operating as a team with HILD Equipment can scrub and dry floors under and around machinery . . . while operator steps aside for 90 seconds or less. Hild Equipment goes right up to machine pedestals . . . removes oil and grease that cause slip hazards . . . leaves no slippery film of moisture. HILD FLOOR MACHINES ALSO MAINTAIN OFFICE FLOORS ~ .................... ' ......"1 HILD Floor Machines Made in two types . . . plain handle or tank type to carry 3 gallons o{ soap and water in the tank, mounted on the handle. Both types used with easily interchangeable attachments to scrub, wax, polish, buff, sand, grind or steelwool floors of all kinds. Self-propelling, handles adjustable to operator's height. HILD Safety Switch in handLe. Con tinuous duty motors, multiple transfer gears. Extra strength built in at all strain points. FOUR HUSKY MODELS Motor HJ*. Brush Spread Model "VA" Model "C" Model "UC" Model "D" 14 In. 16 in. 19 in. 19 in. Write today for FREE CIRCULARS HILD Floor Machine with wood-back brush polishes waxed floors . . . buffs away scuff marks left by daily traffic. Patented HILD Shower-feed Brush now made with quick-change Refill Blocks. When bristles become worn the old block Is detached from the per manent aluminum brush back ... by merely removing eight screws. A new HILD Refill Block is attached in five minutes or less. You are spared the bother and delay of sending brushes out for refilling. This feature available only on HILD Model "C" and "UC" Shower-feed Floor Machines. HILD Floor Machine with polishing buffer removes streaks, goes under radiators, pol ishes waxed cove base boards. MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES HILD FLOOR MACHINE COMPANY 740 W. Washington Blvd., Dept. NS-3, Chicago 6, ill. Factory Bronchos: 250 E. 43rd St., Nw York 17, N.Y. 4271 W. Third Ave,, Los Angeles 5, Calif. 34 National Safety News, March, 1954 Section ^--Housekeeping and Moinfenonce 1. Maximum SAFETY 2. Longest SERVICE 3. Lowest MAINTENANCE MELFLEX Molded Rubber SAFETY step and floor coverings have a resilience with an extremely durable resistance against abrasion. This combination for SAFETY, SERVICE and LOW MAINTENANCE does not exist in other types of covering materials. Rubber is a natural "frictioning" agent ... Its cushioning "give" coupled with its natural body friction pro duces a slip-resistance that is effective throughout its long service life. The weight and flexibility of molded rubber in stalled on steps and floors assures lowest maintenance costs because it conforms better to sub-surface stresses, unevenness and resists moisture . . . Molded Rubber coverings can be applied easily to any base material with Melastic Water-Proof Cement. HEAVY DUTY SAFETY TREADS FOR EVERY TYPE OF INSTALLATION - IN BLACK OR MARBLEIZED COLORS - MELFLEX Molded Rubber SAFETY Treads are designed with a grid surface and a nosing that tits snugly over step edge . . . They can be supplied for either curved or square nose steps in black thick) or marbleized colors ( thick). These treads are molded in one piece to (it steps up to 20" deep x "2" wide in black, and up to 00" wide in marbleized colors. All treads are supplied trimmed to fit >aur step specifications. They can be applied to wood, concrete, tile or metal steps with Melastic Water-Proof cement for permanent water-proof bond. No other holding devices are necessary. Step risers can be supplied to match treads in ribbed or plain surface rubber runners. i.r MEL-ISLE RIBBED RUNNER FOR AISLES, LOCKER ROOMS, RUNWAYS - IN BLACK OR COLORS . . . Runners of Heavy Duty MEL-ISLE ribbed molded rubber are extremelv long-wearing under constant traffic abrasion. They provide a self i.leaning" action to assure a constantly SAFE walking surface. Supplic 1 in 1 s" and " thicknesses in black or marbleized colors -- .46" wide and in continuous lengths up to 25 yards. Here is a runner for max mum durability and service life in corridors, halls, runways, lockers. "Um"UlU[L LINK MATS - CUSTOM MADE FOR ANY SIZE AREA . . . Link Mats provide best type of mat for many industrial installations. Entrances, lobbies, hall ways can use colored rubber links woven in patterns . . . Safety mats of black rubber links, marbleized colored links or tire fabric Itnks can be used effectively to cushion standing workers. MELFLEX Link Mats can be supplied in many different types for many different service requirements. Standard sizes are available, or they can be custom-made for any size area. Mats are 1 >" thick and extra durable. Send This Coupon Today for Complete Information and Prices . . . MELFLEX PRODUCTS COMPANY, Inc. 410 SOUTH BROADWAY, AKRON, OHIO Send complete Information and catalog IL L I National Safety News, March, 1954 ...State Section 2--Hoasnktaping and Maintnnanen Color In COLOR applied p^kft, ly through the r"^ntributions to^ffictenf Operation and better working conditions. 1. Conservation of light :> improved visibility T Pleasant and restful surroundings ` ' .___ +/* hotter hniisekePD- 5. Identification of fire and accident prevention equipment and hazards 6. Instructional and warning signs Psychology of color. Certain col ors are known to arouse definite mental and emotional responses. Familiar colors and the usual reac tions to them are: 1. Yellow --Cheering and stimulating. 2. Blue--Cool; desirable where tem peratures are high. 3. Green--Restful to the eyes. Bluegreen gives a sensation of coolness. Yellow-green has more warmth. 4. Red-Danger, excitement 5. Orange--A bright, warm color which should be used with discretion. 6. Violet and purple--Rich colors implying luxury. Background Colors Color schemes which conserve light yet provide more cheerful and attractive interiors than the old plan of mill white for ceilings and upper walls and "practical" colors for dados and machines have been de veloped by paint companies. Sharp contrasts in bright and dark areas cause eyestrain because of the continual adjustment of the eye. White ir widely used for ceilings because it reflects more light--80 to 88 per cent. For rooms with low ceilings, or where people frequently look up at them, as in hospital rooms, cream, ivory or sky blue, is preferable to dead white. Colors of high reflectance are also suitable for overhead networks of girders, pipes and other equipment. Soft tints, such as light gray, pale green and light blue, are suitable for sections of walls in the range of vision. Soft gray, for example, is restful and does not show dust. A dado the height of work benches and machines, or about one-third the height of the wall, makes stains, soil and marks less conspicuous. It may be a deeper tone of the color used on the upper wall but should not be too dark. Floors should have a reflectance value of 25 per cent or more. For the Piorit machines, desks, and benches, 25 to 40 per cent is suggested. Point of Operation To make it easier to see the work and to avoid injury, paint is used to spotlight the point of operation. The body of the machine is painted in one color and the working areas in a lighter tint. Four shades of gray, ranging from light to dark, are standard colors for machines. Critical parts should stand out in cream, light tan, or other light contrasting colors. Light sources and color. Type of light source should be considered in selection of colors. Incandescent lamps tend to reduce strength and intensity of color because of a slight yellowing effect of the light. Fluorescent light is of three types -- white, daylight and soft white. Daylight units give a bluish hue and can be used with blue, green and blue-violet. White and soft white units produce a warm light suitable for ivory, cream, beige, rose and tan. Neutral gray can be used with in candescent, fluorescent or mercury light. Color for Identification Safety codes for the use of stand ard colors for identification of equip ment and hazards have been devel oped by the American Standards Association. Safety Color Code for Marking Physical Hazards and the Identification of Certain Equipment Z53.1--1945 specifies uniform colors for marking physical hazards, for indicating the location of safety equipment, and for identifying fire and other protective equipment. Red is recommended for identifi cation of fire protection equipment, and for walls or supports on which extinguishers are mounted; flam mable liquid containers (except shipping containers) on which the name of the contents should be sten- PAINT REFLECTION VALUES (Per cent) White ......................................... 88 Ivory ........................ 69 Cream ...................................... 67 1.Sky blue ................. 65 Pale green ................................ 59 Buff ................................... 52 Aluminum' ..................... 41 Above values are only approximate since colors vary with different paint manufacturers. "* " 1 i 1 mr 26 filed; lights at barricades and da^fl ger signs; emergency stops on rn^H chines such as rubber mills, wiJB blocks and flat work ironers; anJB emergency stop buttons for eiectrj, cal switches. B IYellow has high visibility and j, I recommended for marking hazardj that may result in slipping, falling | and bumping into objects. Solid yefi f low and stripes, and checks of yeU f low and black, may be used to at- i. tract special attention. Top and bottom treads of stairways, low I beams and pipes and crane hooks i are places where ^yellow may be used. Black and yellow stripes are often used on mobile equipment, such as tractors and industrial locomotives. Green in combinations with white, such as a green cross on a white background, is used to designate the location of first-aid and safety equipment. Location of stretchers, gas masks, and bulletin boards is identified by this color. Black and white, in stripes or checks, are used for housekeeping and traffic markings. Orange has high attention value. It is designated as the basic color for designating dangerous parts of machines or energized equipment. It emphasizes such hazards when enclosure doors are open, or when gear, belt or other guards around moving equipment are open or re moved, exposing unguarded hazards. Blue is for warnings, such as painted barriers, flags, etc. These should be located conspicuously at the starting point or power source of machinery. Purple is the basic color for desig nating radiation hazards. Yellow should be used with purple for markers such as tags, labels, signs and floor markers. Piping Systems Use of the basic colors of red, yellow and green in a simplified plan for piping systems is recommended in ASA Code A-13, 1928. Scheme for the Identification of Piping Sys tems. Orange, blue and purple are also used by some companies al though these colors have not yet received official approval. Contents of pipes are classified as follows: , Red.......................Fire protection Orange or Yellow............... Dangerous Green....................Safe Blue..................... Protection materials Purple..................Valuable materials --To page 38 National Safety News, March, 7954 Section 2--Housekeeping and Maintenance with QfltfEQUIPMENT/ Choose from the S!S^^.nd^t I i pCTf* exactly r8h* fOT hat'* e* ______ However much a maintenance man may want to do a good job, and at the same time show savings in labor costs, he's stymied if the machine is too small, or too large, or is otherwise unsuited to the job. Different floors and areas call for dif ferent care and equipment. That's whv Finnell makes more than a score of floor-maintenance machines. From this complete line, it is possible to choose equipment that is correct in size as well as model . . . that provides the maximum brush coverage consistent with the area and ar rangement of the floors. Finnell makes Conventional Polishing-Scrubbing Ma chines in both concentrated and divided-weight types, each in a full range of sizes... a Dry-Scmhher, with selfsharpening brushes, for cleaning grease-caked floors .. . Combination Scrubber-Vac Machines for small, vast, and intermediate operations, including gasoline as well as elec tric models ... Mop Trucks . , . Vacuum Cleaners for wet and dry pick-up, including a model with By-Pass Motor. In addition, Finnell makes a full line of fast-acting Cleans ers for machine-scrubbing . .. Sealers and {fares of every requisite type . .. Steel- Ifool Pads, and other accessories -- everything forfloor care! In keeping wiflt the Finnell policy of rendering an indi vidualized service, Finnell maintains a nation-aide staff of floor specialists and engineers. There's a Finnell man near you to help solve your particular floor-maintenance problems ... to train your operators in the proper use of Finnell Job-Fitted Equipment and Supplies . . . and to make periodic check-ups. For consultation, demonstra tion, or literature, phone or write nearest Finnell Branch or Finnell System, Inc., 2203 East St., Elkhart. 1ml. Branch Offices in all principal cities of the United States and Canada. iinnEii svsTEm, ini. OxOyiuatoxg a/ `Paatei ScxuSdcruy and `PofiaAcH^ 'TJCacActteg National Safoty Now*, March, 1954 BRANCHES IN ALL PRINCIPAL CITIES 37 Section 2--Housekeepiag on</ Maintenance 1 Oil-Spunj OIL & GREASE ABSORBENT j Color --From, page 36 ` Color may be applied the entire j length of the pipe or in bands 8 to > 10 inches wide near valves, pumps, and at repeated intervals along the line. The name of the specific ma terial is stenciled in black at readily visible locations at valves, pumps, i and similar places. ; Color stripes painted at the edges of the color bands may also be used j to identify the exact contents of lines, but this is less satisfactory than stenciled identifications. Labels for marking piping, which conform in color and size of letter to the code, are on the market. Acids and alkalis cause many j paints to change color. Paints ex posed to moisture and chemical ac[ tion should be carefully selected. I Types of Paint j Paints, enamels and lacquers pro vide a medium for the practical ap plication of color. Industrial finishes are often subject to severe expo sures and many types of paint have i been developed for special needs. Floor coatings. Synthetic enamels 1 and rubber base floor coatings give better service on concrete than or dinary floor enamels and are more resistant to moisture, acids and alkalis. Light-colored floors conserve light. COVERS MORE FLOOR AREA ' They may be stippled with darker CANFIELD OIL SPUNJ, light in weight, spreads up to 50% farther. j colors to avoid glaring contrasts. A painted concrete floor often seems more resilient under foot than Pound for pound costs less to use. | one of bare concrete. The thin film ! of paint may help physically but the CLEANS OILY, SLIPPERY FLOORS psychological effect is important. Regardless of type of floor surface j Water-thinned paints. Cold water . . . wood, metal, concrete etc., j paints (synthetic resin and rubber CANFIELD OIL SPUNJ absorbs sol- j base types) are satisfactory for some uble oil lube oils, grease, acids ; industrial interiors. They can be ap plied with spray-coating equipment. chemicals and all other liquids ! They are washable and serviceable quickly and economically ... assures i where not exposed to weather and a clean dry, skid-proof surface. j dampness. Rubber base paints are more du PROTECTS AGAINST FLASH FIRES rable and will stand considerable CANFIELD OIL SPUNJ will smother washing. flash fires . . . keep fires from ( Luminescent materials (paint, tape spreading . . . provide extra pro and plastics) become luminous in complete darkness after exposure to tection for your plant. natural or artificial light. WRITE FOR SAMPLES AND PRICES Fluorescent materials glow only while exposed to ultraviolet light. CANFIELD OIL CO There is no usable afterglow. These materials are used where it is de General Offices: CLEVELAND 27, OHIO sirable for the eyes to be adapted to darkness, as in instrumental dials, night flying and driving, and where fl-l* and Prf.bage O,, Jersey City, N J. Memphis Tents , Cotoopohv Fo electric power is available for pro ducing light. They enable the oper ator to observe readings without glare or eye fatigue. Phosphorescent materials gioy, after exposure to light and remain luminous after the light is extin guished. They are observed best under total or near-total darkness. The low intensity of the glow makes them suitable- only for close viewing in darkness. Reflecting coalings and buttons are effective where headlights, flash lights, cap lamps and similar sources of light are available. Rust prevention. Paints which form a tight bond t^ith clean metal offer considerable protection against rust and corrosion. When rust has started, ordinary paint is ineffective because corrosion continues under the paint film. Rust-sealing coatings, both clear and pigmented, are often helpfui. Controlled Smoking Smoking, in moderation, undoubt edly contributes something to mo rale of those accustomed to it. The effect on production is not easy to evaluate. Some managements hold that any absence from plant ma chinery, other than necessary short absences, is objectionable. Others see little economic harm if the ab sence is confined to brief periods during which processing equipment is maintained in normal operation. The relation of smoking to the fire hazard is important. Where no smoking is permitted, the fire haz ard is minimized. Where there is failure to empty pipes, or careless disposal of cigarettes, cigars, and matches before entering operating departments, the hazard, of course, is much greater. Smoldering pipes in pockets present a greater danger than cigarettes. Smoking in produc tion departments, particularly where flammables or combustibles are ex posed, should not be tolerated. Adequate supervision of smoking areas is essential to satisfactory operation, whether indoors or out side, and whether in continuous or intermittent use. The degree of such supervision varies according to local conditions. In many instances, em ployee cooperation is excellent and little supervision is needed. Continuous supervision is usually necessary in zones marked off in building areas or yards. Physical segregation from manufacturing de partments is widely favored and the trend is toward small smoking rooms conveniently located for the majority of employees. I 38 National Safety News, March, 1954 Sacfion 2--Houiekmoping and Maintanana in treating expensive floors for slip-resistant beauty. chosen that softens the wax film or leaves an oily residue. A slippery floor con dition results that may cause costly accidents. the new, safe way to daily dust up! Leaves Floors Cleanly Fresh and Dust-Free Will Not Soften Wax Film Leaves No Oily Residue Won't Decrease Frictional Resistance Make a 2> sJ with the Hillyard Maintaineer to demonstrate HIL-SWEEP on There's nothing on the market to compare with Hil-Sweep daily maintenance. Clear, transparent, clean-smelling, Hil-Sweep picks up dust, leaves a lustre-new look with no harmful effect on your surface treatment. Surface treatment lasts longer. You save labor-time in sweeping and daily maintenance of your iioors. Mail coupon below for a demonstration. Advice and help are free. |~Hillyard Chemical Co., St. Joseph, Mo. ... on your staff not your payroll jI ___ Please ........Please give me full information'on Hil-Sweep. have the Hillyard Maintaineer make a j Hil-Sweep demonstration on my floors. No i charge. I Name............................. ............... ...... Title... Institution................ ...... | Address.......................... .. J City.......... ...................-- ..State.. At --f ctu. !OC4 And Here are Other Good Reasons Why HIL-SWEEP is "Sweeping" the Country Hil-Sweep is non-injurious to asphalt tile . . . the result of years of research to develop a maintainer that would be safe for daily care of resilient and all other types of floors. Ra^s saturated with Hil-Sweep will not burn,eliminates fire hazard in use or spontaneous combustion of mops in storage. No flash point. Contains no emulsified oils, leaves no oily residue to darken, discolor, soften or bleed colors. Spray it or sprinkle it on brush, mop or dust cloth. Won't load mop. After using simply shake out and brush or cloth is ready to use again. Saves on laundry and dry cleaning bills. Imparts a pleasant aroma where used. 39 Section 2--Housekeeping and Maintenance THE SAFETY LIBRARY Books, Pamphlets and Periodicals of Interest to Safety Men Compiled by Ruth Parks, Librarian, NSC The Amateur Doctor What to Do Until the Doctor Comes, by William Bolton, M.D. Published by The Reilly & Lee Co.. Chicago, 1953. 145 pages, $2.00. One of the standard reference vol umes on our bookshelf when I was a young boy on the farm was a family "Doctor Book" which pur ported to give valuable advice on the diagnosis and treatment of ail the ills to which the human form is heir. Reading "What to Do Until the Doctor Comes" filled me with nostalgia for the hours I spent with this volume absorbing, surreptitious ly, that little bit of information which is said to be a dangerous thing. "What to Do Until the Doctor Comes" is actually misnamed. It is not a volume on the emergency treatment of acute conditions. It is really the old fashioned Doctor Book with the herbs and simples taken out. The advice which it gives on the diagnosis and treatment of a wide variety of medical conditions is probably good and not very dan gerous although suggestions for the home treatment of conditions such as carbuncles, impetigo or tonsilitis seem to be questionable judgment. As a series of 135 little homilies on health subjects the book may justify itself. It should not be bought with any expectation that it will help with a first-aid program. F. A. Van Atta. BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS Accident Statistics Accident Frequency, Place of Occur rence and Relation to Chronic Disease. Published by U. S. Public Health Serv ice. 1953, 65p. For Sale by the Super intendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. 35c (Public Health Monograph No. 14). Aeronautics Obstruction Marking and Lighting. Published by Civil Aeronautics Admin istration. 1953, 42p. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Wash ington 25, D. C. 30c. Chemicals Anhydrous Ammonia. Published by Compressed Gas Association, 11 West 42nd St. New York, N. Y. 3rd edition. 1953, 31p. (Pamphlet G-2). investigations of Explosibility of Am monia Nitrate. By J. J. Bums and others. Published by U. S. Bureau of Mines. 1953, 19p. Available from the Bureau, Publications Distribution Sec tion 4800 Forbes St. Pittsburgh 13, Pa. Free (Report of Investigation 4994). Explosives Loading and Bracing of Ammunition Explosives and Dangerous Articles in Trucks and Trailers. Published by De partment of the Navy. 1953, 65p. For sale by the Superintendent of Docu ments, Washington 25, D. C. $1.25 (OP 1965). Fire Protection Standards of the NBFU for the Stor age and Handling of Combustible Fibres. Published by National Board of Fire Underwriters 85 John St. New York 7. 1953, 19p. Free. (NBFU Pamphlet No. 44.) Foremen How a Supervisor Can Be Successful in Preventing Accidents. Published by Marsh & McLennan, 231 South LaSalle St. Chicago. 1953, 19p. Free. Health Occupational Disease Reporting, by Victoria M. Traska. Published by U. S. Public Health Service. 1953, 80p. For sale by the Superintendent of Docu ments, Washington 25, D. C. 40c (PITS. Publication No. 288). Liquefied Petroleum Gas L. P. Gas--Safe Handling and Use. Published by Association of Casualty and Surety Companies, 60 John St. New York 38. 1953, 60p. Mines Development of Permissible Require ments for Safe Underground Diesel Haulage, by M. A. Elliott and R. S. Jones. Published by U. S. Bureau of Mines. 1953, 12p. Available from the Bureau, Publication Distribution Sec tion, 4800 Forbes St. Pittsburgh 13, Pa. Free. (Information circular 7673.) Experiments on Short-Delay Blasting in the Experimental Coal Mine. Pub lished by U. S. Bureau of Mines. 1953, 6p. Available from the Bureau, Publi cations Distribution Section, 4800 Forbes St. Pittsburgh 13, Pa. Free. (Report of Investigation 5026.) MAGAZINE ARTICLES Accidents Some Theoretical Aspects of Indus. trial Accident Causation--the Accident Sequence, by Henry A. Hepbume. Oc cupational Safety and Health July-Sept, 1953, p. 113. Aeronautics Traffic Control of-Airplanes, by Albert H. Clarke. Municipal Signal Engineer Nov.-Dee. 1953, p. 20. Economics of Safety Profits and Safety, by J. Dewey Dorsett. Best's Insurance News. Fire and Casualty Dec. 1953, p. 43. Fire Protection ^ Controlling the Hazards in Trans portation of Flammables, by Lester Baker. Fire Engineer Jan. 1954, p. 44. Fire Protection Tests Show Value of Dry Chemical Extinguishers in Controlling Naburol Gas Fires. Fire Engineering Dec. 1953, p. 1099. Food Industry Injury Rates in the Fluid-Milk In dustry, 1952. Monthly Labor Review Dec. 1953, p. 1295. Foundries Cooperative Safety Program Produces Outstanding Record. American Foundrymen. Jan, 1954, p. 44. Health Concepts of Allergic Sensitizations-- Their Role in Producing Occupational Dermatoses. By A. Rostenberg Indus trial Medicine and Surgery. Jan. 1954, p. 1. Destination: Safety. New York State Industrial Bulletin, Dec. 1953, p. 3. Rx for Accident Prevention, by Phil Hirsch. Commerce, Jan. 1954, p. 16. Tuberculosis Control in Industry. By Harold A. Vonachen and others. Indus trial Medicine and Surgery Jan. 1954, p. 9. Mines Safety Commands Respect, Mechani zation Dec. 1953, p. 84. Trucks Safety Program for Industrial Truck Operation. By W. A. Meddick. Pacific Factory Dec. 1953, p. 62. Textile Industry Hazards and Protection in the Finish ing Processes of Textile. Sentinel (Fac tory Mutual Association) Dec. 1953, p. 4. Women in Industry Safety for Women in Industry. By Ellen M. MeAinsh. Safety Dec. 1953 p. 17. Little Susie watched her mother smear cream on her face "What's that for, mother?" .-he .oked, "That's to make me beautiful." her mother answered Susie left the room .md leturned a few minutes later ,is 'he cream was being removed. She atched till the process was complete, then shook her head. "Didn't work, did it, , > sjje said. 40 National Safety Ntwt Mouh, 1954 adders ^from page 21 gtep ladders are available in lengths up to 20 feet. Three types a,.e listed by the Code: l__4 to 20 feet, heavy duty H--i to t2 feet, medium duty HI--3 to 8 feet, light duty jlore substantial construction is, 0i course, specified for the longer, jjeavier duty ladders. Stepladders should be constructed that the front section will have level treads when in the open posi tion. For some operations the rungback type of stepladder permits a helper to assist from the back of the ladder. Each stepladder should be equipped with a spreader or locking device of sufficient size and strength to hold the front and back sections securely in the open position. A bucket shelf is useful for many maintenance jobs. It should support a load of 25 pounds and be fastened so that it can be folded up when the ladder is closed. Platform (safety) ladders are a development of the stepladder. They provide a solid working platform guarded on three sides. They are particularly useful on jobs at fixed heights where the work requires considerable freedom for the worker. Safety ladders are usually built for heavier duty than the ordinary step ladder. Height to platform ranges from 3 to 18 feet, over-all height being two feet more. Single ladders up to the maximum length of 30 feet specified by the Code are available. For sizes larger than 24 feet, extension ladders are HEAVY-DUTY TENNANT MACHINES HELP YOU SAVE 35% to 80% in FLOOR CLEANING COSTS! These new machines are typically Tennant--designed fdr tough roundthe-clock jobs . . . built to save you 55% to 80% in cleaning costs. And they're engineered for extra years of service. You'll like their new power, speed and convenience--for pulverizing grease-caked grime ... power sweeping ... high speed dry-cleaning .,. and many special uses. Gas, electric or battery-powered; 8" to 48". WRITE TODAY hr details. We'll gladly estimate your plant's savings. MODEL R SCARIFIER for cleaning grease-caked aisles. Moves with traffic. Faster than 6 to 18-man crawl Cleans 36* path; dumps hydraulically. MODEL K MACHINE--A provod Hmo-savor. Cleans 16' path. Pulverizes and picks up in 1 operation; leaves clean, fast-trucking surface. Has many etes. Gas or otocfric models, to 7.3 hp. MOOR 24 SWEEPER--The low-cost sweeper with big sweeper capacity. Cleans 24' to 36' path (with sidebrush); speeds 2 to 8 mph. Efficient brush and vacuum system, automatic dutch. Rung-back stepladder. National Safety News, March, 1954 HOW MUCH CAN YOU SAVE? Ask for engineering data on savings possible in your plant. 6. H. TENNANT CO. 2550 No. 2nd SlrM* Minneapolis 11, Minn. Please send bulletins and details on-- O Model R Scarifier. O Model 75 Power Sweeper LD Model K Floor Machine Li Model 24 Power Sweeper Asphalt tile maintenance Hardwood floor maintenance COMPANYADDRESS- INDUSTRIAL FLOOR MACHINES 41 Section 2--Houfktmping ond Maintonanco ALBINA (MECHANICAL STIRRUPS Western Electric Co., Kearney, N. J. Pacific Gas & Electric Co., San Francisco, Calif. Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N.Y. W. P. Fuller Co. Ford Motor Co., Detroit, Mich. Western Waterproofing Co., St. Louis, Mo. ALBINA ENGINE & MACHINE WKS. 2100 N. ALBINA AVE., PORTLAND 12, OREGON To 0 Displayed at lit# Seventieth Annual Convention PAINTING AND DECORATING CONTRACTORS OF AMERICA February 22*26, New Statier Hotel Los Angeles, Californio, Sooth 62 ALL NBW.- ALUMINUM MASTER PLATFORM designed for industrial Maintenance Requirements Platform area T4 x 19 inches constructed of special hat shaped sections with knurled top surface. Braces lock platform in working position. Guard rail top is recessed permitting workman to stand comfortably in center of platform. Rear legs as near vertical as consistent with good safety practice. Side rails of new heavy extruded sections -- steps have shoe gripping type serrations -- rein forced braces throughout -- corrugated rubber feet. A new measure for indus trial ladder Safety. ALSO-A COMPLETE LINE OF INDUSTRIAL LADDER PRODUCTS LOUISVILLE LADDER COMPANY LOUISVILLE 1101 W. OAK ST.- dept. 3B - LOUISVILLE 10, KY. 42 preferred for convenience in si and transportation. Sectional size of side rails y with the length of the ladder diameter of rungs increases with width of the ladder between si, rails. Diameter of rungs should be not! less than lt&.'iiTches. Holes for rung,may extend^ through the side raj], or be bored to'give at least 13/16 of bearing to the rung tenon. Oilers' ladders should be provided with hooks at the top so the ladder may be securely fastened to over head shafting. Extension ladders. Two-section I extension ladders up to 60 feet in length are recognized by the Code, Specifications for dimensions of side rails and type of wood permitted vary with the length of the ladder. ! Minimum overlap for ladders up to and including 36 feet is 3 feet: from 37 to 48 feet, 4 feet; from 49 to 60 feet, 5 feet. Smaller side rails on rung-type ladders are acceptable when rein forced by steel wire running the length of the side rails and securely fastened to them. Locks must be positive in action. Guide irons must be securely at tached to the ladder and so placed as to prevent the upper section from tipping or falling out while raising, lowering, or in use. Rope and pulley for raising and lowering, while not mandatory, are desirable. Trestle ladders of the "A" type (with a center section which slides up and down) are used in mainte nance work. These ladders are commonly used in pairs with a stage between them or in sets of four with two stages and with planks from stage to stage. Points to be considered in select ing extension trestles are guides of adequate length, strong locks of the sliding section, and a safety spreader. Telescoping ladders are mounted on rubber tired ball-bearing wheels with floor locks. Maximum height of working platform is 15 feet. When down, it will go through an ordinary door or into an elevator. Telescoping towers reach still greater heights. These portable units can be extended up to 49 feet. The man on the platform controls the travel through an electric push button system. Another push-button control is located on the frame be low but the man above can lock the platform in place by pressing a safety button. Outriggers give sta bility. National Safety News, March, }9S4 Swflon 2--Hauitkttping and Maintenance Chain and rope ladders are de igned for emergency use as a ,neans of escape in case of fire or explosion, and for rescue work where rigid ladders cannot be used. These are not a substitute for per manent fire escapes. Crow's nest ladders. For many outdoor maintenance jobs the `crow's nest' ladder mounted on a truck is used. It is an extension platform ladder, securely mounted on the vehicle, which can be rotated in a complete circle and elevated at various angles from 45 to 72 degrees from the vertical. This device permits working over parked vehicles and is used for such jobs as tree trimming, servicing street lights, police and fire alarm signals, inspecting overhead lines, connecting house services, and gen eral emergency work. It can be lowered into compact form for trav eling. Accessories Ladder shoes. Whenever a port able ladder is used on anything but dry ground, there is always danger of the feet slipping. To overcome this hazard, several types of ladder shoes have been devised. In general, they grip the surface either by sharp points or by friction. One type of sharp point is the metal spike; another is the abrasive shoe. The friction type includes those shoes which depend upon frictional resistance for the gripping qualities, such as cork, lead, and rubber or neoprene with interwoven cord. Another type made of cotton as bestos material and interwoven wire combines the two principles. Suction cups are used in still another type. Ladder shoes become less effective through wear, especially when ex posed to oil and grease on the floor. Consequently, they should be in spected regularly. Stabilizers. When a ladder is used on an uneven surface hydraulic stabilizers attached to the feet keep a ladder firm and steady. These can be attached to any straight or ex tension ladder. Maintenance Inspection. Among things to look for are: Loose rungs or steps; screws, bolts and other metal parts broken or missing; cracked, or broken up rights, braces, steps or rungs; sliv ers; worn or damaged shoes. All ladders found defective should be marked and taken out of service until defects have been corrected. If beyond repair they should be destroyed promptly. Records of the conditions of all ladders should be kept. Storage. Ladders should not be stored where they will be exposed to weather, nor near radiators, stoves or steam pipes. Protective Coatings Two coats of linseed oil or spar varnish will increase resistance to weathering. Painting is now permitted by the ASA Code, if ladders are inspected before painting by experienced in spectors acting for the purchaser and ladders are not for resale. Transparent coatings, however, are still preferred by many users. Wood preservatives, which consist of toxic chemicals in non-aqueous solution, prolongs the life of wood exposed to weather or in contact with the ground. They offer special protection at the joints or rung holes and tenons. Preservatives of the NSP type (non-swelling, paintaable) do not interfere with subse quent painting and varnishing. Ladder Accident Facts Disabling injuries from ladder acci dents total about 40,000 yearly accord ing to information from labor depart ments of nine states. Within these states, ladder accidents varied from 1.7 per cent of all accidents to 25 per cent, with an average of 1.9 per cent. The principal causes of ladder acci dents are revealed in a study of 140 cases made by the National Safety PILING MATERIALS Norly ptlori materials art dangtrous. A safe pit* has no irrajutar and*. It cannot topple over on you or fafl on other*. 1. Give each pilo firm foundation, and start It right, 2. Do not pilo material too high for safe lifting and handling. 3. Allow ample room for passageways. Observe clearance rules at allies, sprinkler heads, and railroad tracks. 4. Never obstruct the path to fire fighting equip* ment. Keep fire doors clear. 5. Whenever materials are of a shape to permit It, croiS'tie the tiers so that they support each other, 4. When there is donger of the pile's being Inse* cure, interlock the tiers with boards or other material. ?, When piling heavy materials In buildings, learn the safe load limit of that particular floor and observe It, t. Block round objects, such as pipe and drums, so thoy cannot roll. SAttTY INSTRUCTION CARD No. 140 NaKanaMafsty Ceuncit rttumia ,.*. Council. In one-third of the cases, workers were climbing or descending improperly. In another third, the lad ders were not securely fastened. In the remaining cases, workers used defective ladders, the wrong type of ladder, placed them in unsafe positions, or worked unsafely while on them. Most accidents in the climbing and descending classification occurred while workers were'descending. These were due principally. to%failure to take a firm grip on the side rails or rungs, and failure to set foot squarely on the next rung before transferring the weight to that foot. Climbing or descending while carrying loads, and such hasty actions as running up and <iown ladders and jumping from them, were other factors. Magnetic Separators Remove Tramp Metal Tramp iron and steel in conveyor systems may strike sparks in the presence of combustible fibers, flam mable chemicals or explosive dusts. These can be removed by properly installed magnetic separators. Their use also minimizes mechanical dam age and simplifies maintenance. Processes which use separators include grinding, cutting or crush ing of materials, working of com bustible fibers, removal of ferrous particles from food products, sepa rating ferrous from non-ferrous ma terials, and recovering tramp metal in mixtures. Magnetic separators are of two general types--electro magnet and permanent magnet. Selection of the type and form to be used on any application requires expert advice. REFERENCES Housekeeping, Sanitation, Personal Services National Safety Connell Accident Prevention Handbook for Indus trial Operations. Floors, Slippery--Data Sheet D-Gen. 1. Cleaning with Hot Water and Steam-- Data Sheet D-Gen. 32. Cleaning Machinery and Electric Motors --Data Sheet D-Gen. 37. Thlraty Granules (Oil Absorbents) -- Safety Reprint. National Safety News To Stop Dust, Seal the Surface--Jan. 1952, p. 72. The Floor Takes the Punishment, Not the Feet--Sept. 1951. p. 38. Your Floors Can Be Safer--Apr. 1952. p. 36. Floors and Their Upkeep--July 1953, p. 30. Sanitation Is the Way We Live--Louis A. King, Jr., Jan. 1954, p. 78. Prolific Pests--Wm. Walmsley, Sept. 1953, p. 34. Dollars for Cleanliness--Jan. 1954, p. 32. No Substitute for Cleanliness--Aug. 1953, p. 26. American Standards Assn. Industrial Sanitation in Manufacturing Establishments, Safety Code for--Z4.1-1935. Drinking Fountains, Specifications for-- Z4.2-1942. Nniinnnl 5afatv Newt. March. 1954 43 on Maintenance Work with "TROUBLE SAVERn SECTIONAL STEEL SCAFFOLDING Simplify plant maintenance. "Trouble Saver'1 Steel Scaffolds assure greater economy and safety. Scaffolding erecting and dismantling time is sharply reduced. Men do more and better work on firm, safe scaffolding. You protect workers against costly accidents. Less labor is required for any job. Convenient, efficient scaffolding cuts material waste. "Trouble Saver" Scaffolding is available in types and sizes for every maintenance need -- indoors or outside. Write for Bulletin PSS-24 and Catalog M. 856 Humboldt Street Dept. NSN Brooklyn 22, New York Telephone: EVergreen 3-5510 Section 2--Housekeeping and Maintenance PAINTING, washing windows, building repairs end general maintenance are safely speeded with this lightweight, mobile "Fold-A-Way"* Aluminum Scaffold at a New Jersey Turnpike Building. These Scaffolds are easily eracted in a few minutes time, without acrobatics. Wheels and swivels are easily locked. Under writer's Laboratories approved. (* Trademark) MACHINE REPAIR and other beyondarm-raach maintenance is safety han dled with a "Gold Medal" Platform Step-ladder. Workman stands on a firm, steady platform. Approved by Underwriters' Laboratories. FIRE-SAFE TUBELOX Steel Scaffolding has practically no size or height limitation--is widely used for construction and repairs. Easily erected on uneven terrain, it conforms to any contour. How to Keep Costs Down On Overhead Work WHEN MAINTENANCE goes above floor-levelthe increased risks can be costly--in lives as well as dollars! --unless you provide efficient platforms that place men where they can work quickly, easily and safely. Avoid trouble--use this safety check-list to match your equipment to each off-the-floor job: 1. Is work within ladder range? 2. Is there a wall for support or bracing? 3. Is area below work suitable for giving support? 4. Is frequent shifting of equipment neces sary? 5. Must people and machines be under work area? 6. Will the scaffold or ladder carry the load? You can keep overhead job costs and risks under con trol with Patent Scaffolding Co. Ladders and Scaf folds. PS can supply you with the right equipment "or any off-the-ground work, because PS has the only Jomplete line. That's why it pays to remember-- vhen it comes to scaffolding, come to PS. Write for 'ree bulletin G-205. REPLACING FLUORESCENT lamps becomes a safe, fast job with this Aluminum Ladder Scaffold. Ladder frames are available from 4 ft to 4 ft high, with spans from 6 ft to 10 ft. The 29-in. over-all width of these Ladder Scaffolds is ideal for use in aisles and other limited-space areas. Approved by UL. "GOLD MEDAL" Junior Scaf- u folds are ideal for outside painting, washing windows and general w medium-duty work. Available in steel or aluminum. 100 to 200 ft of cable. Raised by ratchet lever. Approved by Underwriters' Laboratories. "TROUBLE SAVER" Sectional Scaffolding provides safe plat-, forms for men working at Koppers Co. refinery, Port Acres, Texas. It is erected from pre-fabricated 5-ft frames. Approved by UL FOR GREATER SAfSTY...EFFICIENCY...ECONOMY CAFFOLDING CO., INC. 38-21 12th Street Dept. NSN Long Island City 1. N. Y. West Coast: 6931 Stanford Ave., Los Angeles 1, Calif. Branches In all principal cities NdffonoJ Saf0tv Newt. March. 7954 To help you solve any scaffolding prob lem, PS offers a complete nation-wide engineering service--available locally. See the Yellow Pages in your 'phone book for the nearest Patent Scaffold ing office or representative handling "Gold Medal" Scaffolds. 4*' Light --From, page 11 quantity can be obtained from either source. Side windows alone are inade quate for lighting extensive areas, even in bright daylight. Sawtooth, monitor or skylight windows take full advantage of natural light but add to the cost of construction and maintenance. Glare may be subdued by glazing windows with refracting or diffusing glass which will alter the direction of light and improve its distribution, particularly to distant parts of the room. Translucent coatings for windows on the sunny side of buildings are also helpful in reducing glare. Reflection of daylight from sources outside a building can often be uti lized. Light colors for faces of structures, walls of courts, and saw tooth roofs are helpful. These sur faces should be kept clean and free from sources of glare. Sudden transition from bright to dim areas in a plant is hazardous. While the pupil of the eye is ad justing itself to the dimmer light there is a period of semi-blindness. Gradations of light at the approaches to areas of different intensity will avoid this trouble. Special Lamps and Fixtures Where lighting equipment is re quired for special uses or subjected to abnormal conditions, many types of lamps and fixtures are available. Glow lamps are used as signal, pilot and night lights. They are not practical for general illumination. Vibration-resisting lamps give greater service where ordinary lamps would have a short life be cause of excessive vibration. Weather-resistant lamps are used for outdoor lighting in industrial plants, docks, athletic arenas, etc. They stand exposure to rain, sleet and snow without cracking. Explosion-resistant fixtures are used where dusts, gases, fumes and vapors may create a hazardous at mosphere. Infrared lamps, available in types and sizes up to 1000 watts, are used for baking, drying and heating processes, as well as for therapeutic use. Maintenance Efficient lighting requires a sys tematic maintenance program. Equipment may meet all require ments when installed but dust and grime immediately start reducing light output. The first step in a maintenance schedule is to check illumination periodically with a light meter. When light has decreased to 75 per cent of its original value, the lamps and reflectors should be washed with warm water and a detergent con taining no free alkali. Group replacement of lamps, both filament and fluorescent, is often practicable and desirable. The sav ing in cost of replacing a large num ber of lamps at one time is greater than the value of the remaining light output of the lamps. Point of re placement is usually 60 to 80 per cent of the rated lamp life. Disconnecting hangers permit low ering fixtures to the ground or floor for cleaning, relamping and Much climbing is eliminated. Emergency Lighting I Where failure of the power syst*. might endanger life, an emerge^ i lighting system is desirable. In son, j states it is .required under eertay conditions. Searchlights, vstationary or poft,* able, which can be concentrated o,,( critical areas, are often desirable f0|., outdoor use. Portable systems, mounted o,, trucks, can be mqved to the seen*. of a fire or accident' to aid fire-fight, ing and rescue work. Outdoor Lighting Outdoor lighting for safer night work or to detect trespassers is required by most industrial plants. --To page 50 Sink Our Slobs! WE HEAR A LOT of yacking about housekeeping--but, what is it? I suppose the grass roots lie where Mom bats Junior for smearing jam on the wall; or berates Dad for flicking ashes on the rug; or climbs on Susy for cluttering up the bathroom with rinsed out un mentionables; or dispossesses our little carpenter dog for doing odd jobs around the house. In the country areas of Europe, I saw cattle and other domestic animals using portions of the house used by the family--with the standard manure pile outside the door which the kids seemed to like to play in. No matter, I bet Mom flipped her babushka when one of those cows forgot its manners in the living room. Driving along a stream running through a village in Japan, I saw a little boy dirtying it up in the outskirts, a lady washing clothes in it a little further along and another lady washing dishes in it a bit later. What else, I don't know. As for myself, I get lost when my wife starts cleaning house. Of course, I have laid down a 14-carat ultimatum that no such goings-on will be tolerated while the lord and master is present--but, the bestlaid plans sometimes go astray. Basically, not many of us like to be around a "garbaged-up" place. The stomach always creeps a liftle when the spoon slides out of our fingers at the "greasy spoon" chow house. Most of us have a little claustrophobia when we have things piled high around us. We feel more lightfooted, freer and more uninhibited when we have room in which to move around. We all like that Saturday night feeling, when everything is clean and in its place. We pride ourselves in being civilized--top drawer type characters-- but you can walk into any occupational location in the country and find a slob who hasn't risen above his foreign country cousin. Of course, they say you can build up an immunity against most anything-- but that protects only you. What about the other guy? The guy we have to look out for is the character who complairis about his wife's housekeeping. "Yeh, everytime I go to spit in the sink,-it's full of dirty dishes!" This slob doesn't give a damn for nothing or nobody. Anybody you know? Robebt D. Gidel, Senior Engineer, Industrial Department, National Safety Council 46 National Safaty Newt, March, 1954 Section 2--Housekeeping and /Main#tnaaca Model #600 iational Safety News, Marclt, 1954 leeidents irt'^Sir r safety equipJriiijitr ' keratoperiom , contain a self tegle'-on whilnwaili ,,^wspltladdj) ~V'; SEE YOUR LOCAL SAFETY EQUIPMENT DEALER OR WRITE TO ROSE MANUFACTURING 2700 W. Barberry Place DfNVK, COLOHADO Dtpt. A DENVER Section 2-Houtekep>ng " ------ Dream of Utopia --From page 7 there is 25," I said. "What's so bad about that?" Sue looked at me in tolerance for my ignorance. "It was 3:30 in the afternoon, and there was snow on the ground. School had just let out only four blocks away, and the skid ding coefficient was at least triple normal." I let the enormity of the situation sink in. "Are you really sure about the facts?" I asked. "We have it from the police chiefs maid who told Eleanor. I mean, dear, what's the world coming to when right in our own circle there are people like that. I couldn't bear to have that woman in my house if it's true." I nodded. "It's pretty vile, for sure. But we ought to check up first. We can't crucify a woman on hearsay." She agreed. "But if it's true, she should be ridden out of town on a rail." I said, "You're absolutely right, dear. That kind of behavior can't be tolerated these days." #*# Finally, I thought of my last trip to Washington for conferences in the department of accident preven tion. After the sessions the safety secretary---he's of cabinet rank-- suggested that we might like an escorted tour of the city. And that tour took us to the Penta gon, that strange and deserted struc ture by the Potomac. And we went through what seemed to be miles of corridors until we came to the one old man who still works there, doodling away at drawings of guns and submarines and bombs. We knew the government kept him on the payroll just to remind citizens of the Old Days, yet I think most of us were deeply shocked when he rose from his desk and started to tell us how many people the newest bomb could kill, if we ever made any. We couldn't even laugh. It was too horrible. We just blushed for shame and turned and went away quietly. It completely spoiled my day. *** Then Sue shook me and suggested that I do my snoring in bed. I got up groggily and started to the bed room. Suddenly my eye fell on her knitting needles left in the seat of the easy chair. "Lord, woman, what will the neighbors say if they see that," I said. "Huh?" said Sue. And then I was fully awake. "Sorry, dear," I said. "I was in the wrong century--the next cen tury." And, by her look, I think Sue was also convinced I had gone insane. Study Reveals High Accident Costs Accidents gouge a staggering sum from the American pocketbook each year. Experts can only estimate the ultimate annual price. To uncover concrete facts concern ing the cost of emergency treatment for accident victims, in the Greater Cleveland (Ohio) area, the Cleve land Hospital Council conducted a recent survey of the 22 general hos pitals in Cuyahoga County. This survey, first of its type in America, was financed by the Na tional Safety Council and the Greater Cleveland Safety Council. Researchers studied emergency treatment records for 1952. The in vestigation brought to light several startling revelations. Home and public accidents ac counted for 62 per cent of the acci dent victims given emergency treat ment. This figure was much higher than officials had anticipated. Traffic accidents totaled a surpris ing low of 14 per cent. Industrial (on-the-job) injuries made up 24 per cent of the list. One in every 11 accident victims were hospitalized--4,188 by home and public accidents, 2,014 by onthe-job injuries, 1,865 for traffic injuries. Accident patients accounted for 74,107 emergency room cases. Of this casualty total, 45,702 were hurt in home or other non-traffic acci dents, 17,568 were injured on the job. Traffic raised the accident victim total by 10,834. Close to 10 per cent of all avail able hospital beds were required to care for the 8,067 accident casualties who needed further treatment once they were released from the emer gency room. The cost of emergency room serv ice for accidental injuries was $1,619,000. This breaks down to $348,162 for traffic accidents, $868,000 for treatment of injuries suffered in home and public accidents, and $402,838 for industrial accidents. Harold H. Gorman, president, Greater Cleveland Safety Council, said the survey, comprehensive and thorough as it is, does not include the cost of many home and indus trial accidents where the injuries are treated by family or plant physicians. Based on the latest population estimate for the Greater Cleveland area, hospital services for accident victims, in 1952, cost a minimum of $1,13 for each resident of Cuyahoga County. 41 National Safety Newt, March, I9S4 ,-^r *) ; V'\. itu*2i .iRohS= Section 2--Housekeeping and Maintenance JaapS|g;-y Doylons ARg safer Theqac^pted standard for ladders, Dayton's are built of selected, tested kiln ned Sitka Spruce, Douglas Fir, or West Coast Hemlock. Designed in accord* ance with the latest specifications of the "American Standards'Association Safety Code," and to meet Underwriters Laboratories Standards for Ladders. DAYTON Fig. 200 is a well constructed step ladder built for heavy industrial use to stand maximum abuse. Can be supplied with fully rodded back for extremely heavy duty jobs. Bucket rack optional. AH hardware zinc plat* d. Sizes 4' to 16'. M DAYTON Type A is constructed of tested ^ airplane spruce, reinforced with rigid steel supports for great strength, lightness of weight. Handrails of steel guard large roomy platform for added safety. These famous ladders can be set up instantly, are easy to carry and fold compactly for stor* mg. Automatic locking feature insures safety while ladder is in use. Standard rub* ber safety shoes no extra cost. Sizes 3* to 12' to platform. /Yj DAYTON Fig. 102, a strong ladder for general industrial use. 1*5/16" x 234" side rails (available 1 x 3%" side rails if desired--DAYTON Fig. 100). Three truss rods and four dowel braces per section for extra safety. Available with spring locks, rope and pulley if desired. All hardware is zinc plated. Sizes 16'to 40'. I DAYTON Type H, an extremely rugged type ladder, designed and built to meet the demand for a platform ladder with mill wright (rung) type back construction. Tool t shelf on top. Ladder shoes stand* ard equipment. Folds absolutely ',ftat for easy storage. Features In clude pinch-proof type spreaders -corrosion resistant zinc hard ware--slip proof treads. Sizes A' to 16' to platform. DAYTON Safety .ladder Shoes . . Special suction rubber tread (also in neoprene) really grips. Instantly converted for indoor or out door use. Base: 16-gauge steel. Side plates: 13-gauge steel. Renewable treads. Lock nuts, spring washers assure proper adjustment. Zinc plate finish. Dmjlon National Safety News, Atorcfi, 1954 safety Miter co, 2339 Gilbert Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio in Canada--SAFETY SUPPLY CO., TORONTO 49 Section 2--Housekeeping and Maintenance COTTERM AN WELDED STEEL SAFETY LADDERS For Filing Rooms--Stock Rooms--Vaults Personals SAFE ! Harold E, Vann has been ap pointed safety engineer, Safety Serv STRONG ices, Health & Safety Department, General Electric Company. Mr. Vann will establish his office at 570 Lex ington Avenue, New York. His pi i - EASY ! mary responsibility will be in the TO MOVE I areas of electrical and testing safety I with company wide responsibility. ; Mr. Vann began his career at the EASY General Electric Company as a test TO CLIMB | engineer at Schenectady Works after i graduating from Alabama Polytech- j nic Institute with a degree in rae- NON-SKID I chanicai engineering. Following his STEFS j test engineer assignment he trans- 45"--5 Step : ferred to the Generator Design sec- New improved design now being made {tom I" diem, round furniture tubing. { tion of the Large Steam Turbine Mounted on Swivel Brake Casters which allow the j Department. From this assignment ladder to be rolled freely when no one is on it. When you step on the ladder the rubber cushioned he was transferred to the Steam legs rest on the floor and prevent rolling. | Design section of the Large Steam Made in 7 heights: -- 18" 2 Step, | Turbine Department. 27" 3 Step, 36" 4 Step, 45" 5 Step, 54" 6 Step, 63" 7 Step, 72" 8 Step. All are made in 18", 20" or 24" width. Send for Circular No. 53-N and prices on these Mr. Vann is the author of several technical papers and has been active in the field of company educational ladders and our full line of Wood Rolling Ladders. programs. Manufactured by I. D. COTTERMAN | PAUL G. AGNEW Dr. Paul G. Agnew, for many 4535 N. Ravenswood Ave. Chicago 40, III. years associated with standardiza tion, died January 8. He was 72 j years old. STOP THAT FALL | Dr. Agnew was born in Hillsdale J County, Mich., July 3, 1881. He was i a graduate of Hillsdale College and continued studies at the University , of Michigan and Johns Hopkins, re- ; ceiving a Ph.D. from the latter in 1911. From 1916 to 1919 he was a j physicist on the staff of the National ! Bureau of Standards at Washington, j In 1919 he joined the staff of the American Standards Association (then the American Engineering Standards Committee) in New York. In 1947 he retired as vice-president and secretary, continuing as a con sultant until 1952. Dr. Agnew was a member of many technical and scientific societies and contributed many papers on stand Safety Lifeline Lock FOR SCAFFOLDS AND SWINGS ardization and related subjects. JOHN N. BUCHANAN Locks automatically, instantly. Slips onto John N. Buchanan, 45, died Janu- ordinary rope lifeline. Moveable up or down with man. Instant locking position j ary 16, at St. Joseph's Hospital. New- at all times, whether stationary or being moved up or down. ! ton Falls, Ohio. Snaps into safety belt: No adjusting. In expensive, Overall length approx. 13". Does not harm rope. Weight: approx. ' J He had recently been appointed safety training department manager 5 lbs. Send for folder i at Ravenna Arsenal, Inc., a sub- SAFETY TOWER LADDER CO. I sidiary of Firestone Tire and Rubber 1024 BURBANK BlVD. PO BOX 1052 l Company. BURBANK, CALIFORNIA Also Manufacturers: Safety Device for Ladders. ! Mr. Buchanan was born Septem- j her 22, 1908, in Berghoiz, Ohio. He Member | first worked at Ravenna from 1942 to National Safety Council ! 1950 for the Atlas Powder Company, j Prior to returning to the arsenal in April, 1952, he was an officer on i Erie Railroad police force. Light --From page 46 | Where work is done outdoors aftj dark, levels must necessarily ^ higher than, those needed chiefly f0( plant guards to spot intruders ^ detect unusual activities and condj. tions. Light sources should be shield^ and aimed so that the area can !* seen clearly. Light can be direct^ to form a "glare barrage" in the di. rection from which intruders might approach the plant. REFERENCES Light and Color National Safety Council Accident Prevention Handbook for Indus, trial Operations. Color in Industry--Data Street D-Gen. 44. Try Color Safety Reprint Gen. 10, National Safety News Revolution in Lighting--E, A. Linsday, Jan. 1954, p. 38. Light, Color and Accidents--H. L. Logan, Oct. 1952, p. 114. Out of the Gray--N. A. Mason, Oct. 1953, p. 36, Progress with Color--Howard Ketcham, Nov. 1952. p. 28, Industrial Engineering Society American Standard Practice for Indus- trial Lighting, All.1-1952. IBS Lighting Handbook. CLIMB WriTH SAFETY AVOID COSTLYlX ACCIDENTS r JOHNSON LADDER SHOE Co. Eau Claire, Wis.________ 50 Notions! Safety News, March, 1954 Ventilation VENTILATION has been defined < the process or supplying air to or ,-ernovina b t'rnni any space. This mr.v be accomplished by cither nat ural or a. ial means. This involves provision tor ct-ner; i air requirements tor the health and well being of occupants. Where processes are not injurious to health general ventilation is satisfactory. It is also satisfactory where dilution of the air contaminant will keep the concentration below permissible limits for continuous exposure. Where toxic materials are handled, removal of air contaminants at thensource is necessary. Air conditioning means control of physical and chemical properties of air. It includes control of tempera ture and humidity as well as ailmotion and removal of contaminants. Heating and humidifying the work room air in winter and cooling and dehumidifying it in summer are in volved. Summer comfort air condi tioning is provided in theaters, res taurants and stores for customer appeal, and in an increasing num ber of offices. Air conditioning is important where the product requires uniform tem perature and humidity and freedom from dust. The needs of the product are not necessarily those best suited to personal comfort. With air conditioning and modern lighting the plant is independent of climate. The building may be win dowless nr fixed sash windows may be used for psychological reasons. General Ventilation Ventilation is often made more ex pensive and complicated by the ne cessity of maintaining a comfortable temperature in the room. Exhaust ing impure air is usually practicable but in cold weather it may be diffi cult and expensive to warm largo volumes of incoming air. Natural ventilation is adequate for some buildings housing non-hazardous operations. Air circulation is aided by doors, windows, roof venti lators and monitors. The number of outlets should be planned for hot weather when the temperature dif ference inducing the draft is at the lowest point. Air intakes should be located so that incoming air is properly tem pered and does not cause uncomfort able drafts in cold weather. Artificial general ventilation re quires properly located inlets and outlets. Air coming into the room must be uncontaminated and dis charge points should be located to avoid recirculation. When the contaminant is heavier than air. openings at floor level per mit its escape. Fans and blowers. Both portable and stationary types are useful for increasing circulation of air which affords relief from heat. They are Six centrifugal type fans pull 325,000 cfm of air through the electrostatic air cleaner at right and deliver it to paint room. < YVestinghouse) National Safety News, March, 1954 jcvnvii neu/i/i (iiymceidiy not substitutes for exhaust ventila tion where air contaminants should be removed. For moving large volumes of air blowing is more efficient than suc tion. Devices for air circulation become less effective as temperature and humidity rise. Caution should be used in air movement, particularly with veloci ties over 200 fpm. When relatively cool air is blown over workers at high velocity objectionable drafts are created. Dust and Gas Problems Dust problems are usually more difficult than control of gases, vapors, mists and fumes. Dusty operations tend to project particles so that the hood must provide velocities suffi cient to draw them into the exhaust system. Exhaust hoods should be enclosed as completely as possible or the hood should be located to take advantage of the directional effects of the dust flow. Dust removal systems generally require higher air velocities and ducts of heavier gauge metal than those designed for gases. Control Measures Where there is a definite source of air contamination, general ventila tion alone is seldom sufficient. Con trol measures involve three steps: 1. Identifying the substance and lo cating its source. 2. Atmospheric sampling to deter mine nature and extent of con tamination. 3. Engineering control measures. Control at the source may involve one or more of these measures: 1. Isolatio or enclosure of the hazardo; j operation. 2. Local exhaust ventilation. 3. Operational changes involving sub stitution of process or materials. Isolation confines the operation to a definite location. Exposure of work ers is either eliminated or restricted to a few selected, trained and equipped operators. Examples of combining exhaust ventilation with isolation and enclo sure are: sandblasting rooms, shake out and tumbling-barrel operations in foundries, dry mixing, and mixing of volatile liquids. Processes creating excessive heat, humidity or noise should also be iso lated wherever possible. Local Exhaust Systems Local exhaust systems are an im portant means of occupational dis ease control. Their purpose is to 52 create a sufficient movement of air to withdraw contaminants at point of origin and convey them to a safe point for disposal. An exhaust system consists of four major parts: 1. Hoods or enclosures near source of contaminant. 2, Piping to connect hoods into sys tem. 3. Collection equipment. 4, Fan. Each part has its independent func tion but all must be designed to work together efficiently. The exhaust hood is the most im portant part of the system. It should enclose the process as completely as possible. Air velocity decreases ap proximately with the square of the distance from the hood opening. Air velocity for effective control varies with the process and material exhausted. Generally speaking, the better the enclosure and design of the hood, the less need for high velocities. Hoods or enclosures may be in the form of booths, canopies, lateral hoods, downdrafts through grill openings below the process, or slottype hoods. The object in each in stance is to remove the contaminant without drawing it through the breathing zone of the operators and with minimum interference with processing. Efficiency of hoods can be in creased by addition of flanges. Ducts connect the hoods to the central fan, distribute the air flow in direct proportion to the require- Painters and carpenters working In the engine room "of a 60-ton floating crane un der construction at Dravo's Neville Island shipyard. Fresh air is Introduced by ven turi-type air movers. Other devices, not shown, exhaust dust and fumes from scal ing and painting. (Mine Safety Appliances Co.) ments of each inlet, and maink. adequate pipe velocity to convey^ contaminant to the point of * charge. The system should be balanced ^ that each hood draws the prop^} amount of air. When this conditio], has been obtained, all means of ad, justment should be permanently fixed. The ar<?as of branch pipes and main ducts can he calculated to giv? the correct air velocities throughout the system. Material used for ducts must re sist abrasive action of dust or corro. sive effect of gases and vapors. Sharp turns in ducts should be avoided. They take extra power and cause a large pressure drop. Traps with ciean-out gates should be provided at the bottom of vertical runs, and clean-out gates at regular intervals on the bottom side of hori zontal runs. Fans should have a capacity slight ly higher than calculated require ments to allow for leakage in the system, accumulation of material on fan blades, and similar difficulties. Where the contaminant is hot and has a natural tendency to rise and the operation can. be provided with an effective enclosure type hood, natural draft ventilation is often satisfactory. Disposal of Contaminants Equally as important as collecting the air contaminants is its proper disposal. Gases, vapors and mists may often be discharged to the out side atmosphere at a point where they will not recirculate around the premises in harmful concentrations. Dusts, both harmful and nuisance, require the use of dust collectors in the system. Recirculation of air from exhaust systems is not generally desirable, particularly when the air has con tained gas or fumes. Where only nuisance dusts are involved, recir culation after cleaning is often per missible. Recirculation is not desirable when dusts containing lead, silica, asbestos, and others, are handled. Air coming from the cleaning de vice must fall within the permissible range for toxic or flammable dusts. Dust Collectors Methods of removing dust from the air exhausted by the system in clude: 1. Filtration 2. Electrical precipitation 3. Wet collectors 4. Dynamic precipitation 5. Supersonic flocculation ---To page 69 Notional Softly Newt, March, 1954 Washrooms and Lockers Showers for employees at Link-Belt Company's Colmar plant are adjacent to lavatory and toilet rooms on mezzanine above shop offices where lockers are also located. Salt- glazed tile simplifies maintenance. (The Austin Co.) FACILITIES for personal cleanli ness, comfort and convenience are conspicuous factors in good working conditions. Adequate and wellmaintained washrooms, toilets and lockers encourage better attitudes and attract desirable workers. Attention to these requirements in planning industrial and commer cial buildings will insure sufficient space and convenient location. Otherwise they may have to be fitted later into less suitable space. Many plants have outgrown their original facilities. A survey of present equipment checked against the number of employees will show whether additions are needed. Also, equipment should be examined critically by modern standards of sanitation and appearance. Assistance in planning new quar ters or modernizing existing equip ment is offered by many manufac turers of washroom equipment and supplies. Higher standards of sanitation and lower maintenance costs can be achieved at little extra cost when buildings are planned. Dirt catch ing cracks and corners and dust col lecting surfaces can be avoided. Floors and walls of easily cleanable material can be specified. Location. Depending on the size and type of plant and its operations, lockers, lavatories and toilets may be in one central location or scattered through the plant. In smaller plants, washrooms and lockers are usually near the en trance. Toilets should not be more than 200 feet away from any work place. In multi-story buildings, one on each floor is desirable. If that is not prac ticable, they should not be more than one floor above or below the work place. Washrooms in large one-story buildings usually are scattered throughout the building. Where there are mar y small isolated build ings, as in chemical plants and rail road yards, or where much of the activity is outdoors, a separate build ing may house all these facilities. Accommodations should be located so that employees will not have to cross highways or railroad tracks to reach them. Washing Facilities Max. No. Persons No. Washing Using Facilities Facilities at One Time 15 1 :;o ' 50 3 For each additional 25 persons 1 additional Note: Where circular fountains are used, 17 inches of outside rim equals one lavatory. National Safety Newt, March, 1954 Section 3--lndustrial Health Engineering When lockers and washrooms of a large plant are near the main en trance, small rooms with lavatories and toilets are often scattered through the plant. This saves the workers' time and makes it possible to close the main room during work ing hours, lessening danger of theft and requiring less supervision. Separate^ washrooms and lockers are desirable for departments where there is exposure to excessive dust, dirt, heat, vapors, or moisture. These need more lavatories or shower baths than cleaner departments. Offsetting the advantages of scat tered facilities, is the higher cost of installation and maintenance. Centralized toilet and washing facili ties are often preferable where women are employed. In some plants a full-time attendant may be needed. In some large plants with under ground passageways connecting buildings and departments, personal service facilities are often located along them, conserving space for manufacturing operations. Another space-saving method is to locate them on balconies. Light. Fixtures should provide sufficient light in all parts of the room. Walls, ceilings and partitions should be light in color to conserve light and encourage cleanliness. Ventilation. Unless the washroom has sufficient outside windows for natural ventilation, forced ventila tion will be needed. Floors, and walls to a height of at least six inches, should be of im pervious material, such as glazed tile or concrete. Walls should form a tight joint at the floor level, or there should be a cove base at least six inches high. Wash Fixtures Group washing equipment. In in dustrial plants, institutions, schools and other establishments where fa cilities must be provided for large groups, circular wash fountains are the most frequent choice. Eight to 10 users can be accommo dated at a 54-inch circular fountain and 5 to 6 at a 36-inch unit. Fewer valves and plumbing connections mean additional economies in instal lation and maintenance. Economy of water is another ad vantage. Several persons washing at a circular fountain use little more water than one at an individual basin. Each user washes in clean running water of regulated temper ature. A foot or hand-controlled mechanism regulates the flow. Semi-circular units 36 or 54 inches wide mounted against a wall are 53 used for narrow or irregular wash rooms, Precast stone and marble are the most frequently used materials. Some models are also available in enameled iron and stainless steel. Individual basins of vitreous china or enameled iron make an attractive installation where comparatively small groups are to be accommo dated. Mixing faucets, rather than sepa rate faucets for hot and cold water, are recommended. Hot and cold handles should be plainly marked, with the hot water valve always on the left side. Thermostatic control of water temperature is a desirable safeguard. Stoppers should not be used. Faucets should permit washing in running water. Where low first cost is a considera tion, enameled troughs may be used. Over these are hot and cold water pipes with mixing faucets spaced not less than 24 inches apart. Double-width troughs, or single width troughs back to back, save space. Spray heads at basins or troughs encourage a thorough job of wash ing. They should be high enough above the trough to permit washing head, arms and shoulders under the spray. Showers are needed in many in dustries, particularly where opera tions are hot or dirty, or where toxic materials are used. Requirements depend upon nature of the processes. They range from one shower to every five men to one for every 15 men. Shower installations may be of the compartment or the circular multi stall type. Floors and approaches should be of slip-resistant material, such as concrete with an abrasive surface. A curb 4 inches high should be erected around shower stalls to keep water within the enclosure. Painting the curb a contrasting color helps to prevent tripping. Fungous infections. Warm moist air in shower rooms offers ideal con ditions for propagation of the fungi that cause '`athlete's foot." Floors and shower stalls should be scrubbed daily as a general sanitation meas ure. Disinfection by germicides is also helpful. Preparations for toughening the skin, antiseptic foot powders, and careful drying of the feet are among the preventives used. Pans of anti septic solution at the entrance of the 54 shower stalls have been found in effective for killing fungi. Emergency showers. Quick-acting showers should be installed at con venient locations where caustics, acids and other corrosives are handled. Skin Cleansers Skin cleansers may be classified as soaps, sulfonated oils, and synthetic detergents. Powdered soaps are more eco nomical than cakes. These consist principally of powdered hard soap and a water softener, to which a scrubbing agent may be added. Com meal, the most commonly used scrubber, may be coarse or fine. Most of these soaps can be used with hard water. Liquid soaps are generally satis factory where a scrubber is not de sired. They are frequently used in office washrooms and in first-aid rooms. Soap should contain no free alkali and should show a low pH in dilute solution. This can be determined before purchasing. Sulfonated oils are useful for dry and soap-sensitive skins. They are frequently used where workers are exposed to the defatting action of petroleum oils and organic solvents. Synthetic detergents of several types, gentle but effective in their action, are being used in many in dustries. They are particularly use ful for removing oil, wax and tar. Waterless skin cleansers are a recent development. They are said to be non-irritating but effective in removing grease and grime. Dis pensers which include a receptacle for waste towels are portable and can be set up quickly where needed and without plumbing connections. Dis pensers for paper towels can be attached. Use of naphtha, carbon tetra chloride, turpentine and other or ganic solvents for skin cleaning should be avoided. Some are toxic, some are flammable, and all have a drastic defatting action. If they must be used to remove substances such as lacquer, which resist other cleansers, emollient creams help to offset loss of natural skin oils. Germicidal cleansers. Ordinary soaps and synthetic detergents re- Space .Allowed for Toilet Facilities (Minimum Floor Space--Square Feet) Closets ........................ 16 Lavatories ................ 12 Urinals .............. 12 1 Hand creams, removable with soap and water, protect the skin against irritating substances on the job. tBoyer Campbell Co.) move transient bacteria from the surface but are not effective in re ducing those embedded in the skin. Many germicides, such as phenol compounds, have been tested as in gredients of skin cleansers but re quired high concentrations that made them unsuitable for daily use. A promising recent development is hexachlorophene which has been in corporated in soaps and detergents used for medical, surgical and de odorant purposes. Drying the Skin Paper towels meet sanitary re quirements and are economical and convenient. Dispensers should be kept filled and receptacles for used towels provided. Recessed waste receptacles take one more object off the floor, im proving the appearance of the wash room and making cleaning easier. Mechanical hot air driers are ac ceptable from the hygienic stand point. They are foot operated and may be of the pedestal type or re cessed into the wall. Equipment should be well grounded and the electrical connection permanently installed without extension cords or plugs. Towel services are used by some establishments, usually stores and offices. For industrial use. individ ual towels kept in lockers may not be changed often enough and they may come in contact with -oiled work clothes. Toilets Toilets should be pa i '. t.. t , < i off from washrooms and lo< k. - Parti tions of enameled metal i . ."iac tive in appearance and , -. (.gp clean. These partitions < , .. .ap pended from the ceiling on the walls. .nted Wall-mounted toilets ... tl0r NrniitmcU Safety Nv>>, MarOt lyjg The Most Important Safety Development in Exhaust Fume Control... Death to Carbon Monoxide and Hydrocarbons / v The OCM Catalytic Exhaust A Houdrv Catalyst Development A death sentence for two killers -- a proven answer to one of industry's most critical problems -- that's what the OCM Catalytic Exhaust means to you today. You know the deadly risk of carbon monoxide wherever gasoline-powered equipment is used indoors. The hydro carbons in exhaust fumes are even more dangerous. Now, with the OCM Exhaust, both these threats to life and health can be easily, eeonomicaliv ended. Now. with the OCM Exhaust, you can operate lift trucks, tow trucks, loaders, auxiliary generators -- any tv[>e of machinery run by an engine burning non-leaded gasoline in even the most closely confined areas--con tinuously. efficiently, safely. And with out the cost of extensive ventilation systems. The OCM Catalytic Exhaust elim inates 95' < or more of the carbon monoxide--99% of the hydrocarbons -- from any engine in which you use non-leaded gasoline. Connected to the engine exhaust manifold, strong, com pact catalytic units "burn out" harm ful, foul-smelling fumes and odors before thev reach the air you breathe. Think of the significance. The ex (1) Connection to engine exhaust manifold. Cubic inch displacement of engine determines number of catalytic units needed. Almost any size engine can be equipped. Tested and listed by Underwriters Laboratories, OCM is strong-- fupture-proof under explosion. (2) Venturi or air inlet connected directly to exhaust manifold flange. Introduces fresh air Into exhaust gas stream to provide necessary oxygen. (3) Fresh air filter prevents contamination--keeps foreign matter from entering exhaust system. (4} Catalytic units here eliminate carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, fumes and odors. Units give 2000-2500 hours of trouble-free service--can then be quickly, economically replaced. OCM Exhaust imposes no more back pressure than standard muffler--often less. A thermocouple connected with pyrometer on instrument panel keeps constant check on catalyst efficiency. Non-feaded gasoline must he used. haust fume problem is great and grow ing. Now. with the OCM Exhaust, you can have cleaner, safer air inside your plant. For your employees this means an end to fume-caused headaches, eye irritation and nausea -- perhaps serious undermining of health. For you it means all the advantages of higher employee productivity and morale. Easily Installed By Your Own Mechanics The OCM Catalytic Exhaust is de signed to replace the standard gas oline engine muffler. It is available as original equipment from leading con cerns such as Clark Equipment Co.-- or can be fitted right oir your present gasoline engines. Your own mechanics can install it quickly, easily, without changing clearances. The OCM Catalytic Exhaust is to day a proven success -- used by many of the country's biggest industries.* Developed by the noted inventor. Eu gene Houdry, who discovered the catalytic cracking process and who has given half a lifetime to catalytic research, the OCM is the most im portant safety development in exhaust fume control ever produced. Wher ever you operate gasoline-powered equipment indoors -- even part time -- you have a real, a critical, need for the OCM Catalytic Exhaust. Write now for complete technical informa tion and name of nearest supplier. * Mames of users on request OXY-CATALYST, Inc. WAYNE, PA. Send in the con* pon below for new illustrated folder on the OCM Catalytic Exhaust, and complete techni cal information. OXY-CATALYST, Inc Woyn* Pa Send me complete tec* Catalytic Exhaust and * qn the OCM - * Supplier. Name................. . ... _ Firm Name.... ....... XOTE. This company makes catalysts for air pollution control and waste heat recovery in drying ovens, incinerators, oil refineries, and many other industrial operations. Write for details. Street________ ___ City......................... ____ National Safety News, March, If$4 55 Section 3--Industrial Health engineering Come to BOOTHS 116-117, see and operate this equipment ALSO ON EXHIBITION TALLER & COOPER'S new continuous Hydrogen Analyzer STOP CO TWO WATS TALLER & COOPER'S ADVANCED CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTOR The finest CO safe guard in the world. Operates continuously without supervision. Accurately detects CO in all ranges, and in concentrations as small as 0.05 parts CO in 10,000 parts of air. Can automatically control ventilation systems and reduce power waste by turning on fans only when needed, turning them off when danger is past. Designed for long periods of trouble free, heavy duty opera tion. TALLER & COOPER'S^O P0RT0C0 A small, compact unit for protection In en closed areas. May be moved from place to place to spot-check CO concentrations, or op erated continuously at a permanent location. Indicates when and where fans should be turned on. Can also automatically control fans. Offers the high est dependability and accuracy at the lowest cost. A' >0 WirJi ni.nliHrutiMiis un be ' ~ -i Write Tor Bulletin 207 and full details. TALLER & C0QPER, INC ENGINEERS MANUFACTURERS 85 FRONT STREET BROOKLYN 1, N. Y. SPECIAL PURPOSE INSTRUMENTATION cleaning easier and quicker, fjj I oval-rim type of toilet with open* 1 front plastic seat is most widely used. Foot-operated flush valves ar^ ^ favored by many. The flushing mechanism should rugged since employees often ki^ the handle instead of operating ^ by hand. Flush valves should be equipped with 'vacuum breakers (0 avoid back siphon^ge. Minimum number of toilets speci fied by American Standard Code Z-4.1:. No. persons 1- 9 10- 24 25- 49 50-100 Over 100 No. toilets 1 > 1 for each additional 30 persons Toilets should be not more than 200 feet from any work place; pref erably less than 150 feet. Facilities for men and women should be plainly marked. Urinals should be placed through out the plant in convenient locations to avoid loss of time. One urinal for each 40 men is usually sufficient. Automatic flush valves use more water but are more effective in maintaining cleanliness since many persons seem reluctant to touch hand-operated valves. Floors of toilet rooms should be of impervious materials, smooth and free from cracks. Tile and concrete are satisfactory. Floor drains permit frequent flushing. If possible, toilet rooms should have outside windows for light and ventilation. State or municipal reg ulations usually contain provisions for ventilation. Switches for lights, electric driers or other equipment should be lo cated so they cannot be operated by a person in contact with piping or other grounded conductor. In puilehain fixtures the chain should be interrupted by an insulating link close to the fixture. In plants where eating rooms are close to toilet rooms, covered recep tacles for disposal of waste food should be provided in the lunch rooms. Eating lunches in the toilet room should not be permitted. Cuspidors should be provided where needed and cleaned at least daily. The disposable type requires less handling. Lockers A well-equipped locker room is an aid to orderly habits and often to health. --To page 74 ss National Safely News, March, 1954 DUO-WASH FOUNTAINS Many prefer the two-person footcontrolled sanitary Duo-Washfountain for the smaller washrooms, and at cafeteria entrances, in laboratories, schools, office buildings, etc. Cl Section 3--Industrial Health Engineering .All Provide Maximum in Sanitary Washing Facilities >. All Provide^ Economies in Installation Costs, Space and Water Consumption Standardize on Bradleys The Duo has no faucets to touch--the sprayhead supplying clean tempered running water. The bowl is self-flush ing and water is not wasted since supply is automatically cut off when foot is removed from control pedal. Bradley Enameled Iron Washfountains are produced in white or forest green, full circle or wall type semicircular. Stainless steel models--also in full and semicircular types, 36" and 54" diameters. Standardizing washing facilities by means of Bradley Washfoun tains and Showers has been growing rapidly throughout in dustry. Besides savings in space, installation costs and water con sumption, Bradleys provide max imum washing facilities in the most sanitary manner. In addition to the larger up- to-10 person Washfountains for general plant use, the two-person DUO with foot-control is fast becoming popular for the smaller clerical and executive wash rooms. To complete the line, Bradley furnishes Showers in 3- and 5stall units to care for all shower Without stall partitions, Bradley Col umn Showers provide still tower cost shower facilities. requirements. Complete infor mation on the Bradlev line is found in our well illustrated Catalog 5204. BRADLEY WASHFOUNTAIN CO., 2237 W. Michigan Street, Milwaukee 1, Wisconsin. JBRADlMfy { and sfawm Write for Catalog 5204 Distributed Through Plumbing Wholesalers 57 Section ^--Industrial Unarm cns""""K i III FOR WORKERS' Safety Health Comfort efficiency r VANO Design "A" VENTILATOR Vano Design "A" cooling interior of furnace, supplying fresh air through 10 feet of "Ventub*" to provide safety and comfort during repair work. Vano Design "A" delivering fresh air to cable manhole, expelling sewer gat, making entrance safe in a few minutes. Vano Design "A" Ventilator plus a few accessories feeds large air volume into tank car, driving out fumes, stagnant or hot oir for workers' safety and comfort. i. Vano Design "A** supplying fresh air in Reactor Room of Synthetic Rubber Plant. 4 t Vono Design "A" Ventilator supply* ing fresh air to men working in wing compart* meats, fuselages, etc. Powered by a Vihp motor, and equipped with the exclusive Coppus axial-flow propellertype fan, this general-purpose blower delivers 1500 CFM of fresh air. It supplies ventilation for tanks, tank cars, drums, vats, underground coble man holes, pipe galleries, airplane wing compartments and fuse lages, and other confined pfaces. Weighs only 103 lbs. Uses 8"-diameter flexible can* vas tubing ("Ventube"). Vano Design "C* equipped with 8* discharge tubing removing welding fumes. Vano Design MC" equipped with two suction lines removing welding fumes for opera tors' safety. r COPPUS ENGINEERING CORP., 123 PARK AVENUE, WORCESTER 2, MASS. Please send information on the Blowers that clear the air for Action. in tanks, tank cars, on steam-heated rub (3 general man cooling. i drums, etc. ber processes. in underground cable Q on boiler repair jobs, Q around cracking stills. manholes. in aeroplane fusilages, wings, etc. (3 on coke ovens. COOLING: motors, generators. switchboards. [3 wires and sheets. exhausting welding fumes. stirring up stagnant air wherever men are working or material it * drying. NAME..,,....,, COMPANY ADDRESS,, CITY......... (Write here any special ventilating problem you may have.) For withdrawing welding fumes from confined places or di rectly from the welding rod ...or for expelling fumes or hot air from enclosed vessels. You can get it with 8* suction Inlet for 8" non-collapsibte tubing ...or with multiple inlet nozzles for 5(tt 4!t or 3" suction hose. The discharge outlet takes 8" "Ventube". Powered by a Vi hp motor, it weighs only 85 lbs. COPPUS "BLUE RIBBON" PRODUCTS -- Designed for Your Industry, Engineered for You I I I I I ( 58 National Safnty News, March, 1954 Section 3--Industrial Health Engineering Skin infections ^IiIN DISEASES are the most com mon occupational ailments. It has keen estimated that they are re sponsible for as much as 60 per cent 0f ail compensation claims for oc cupational diseases. No occupation seems to be ex empt and even many normally harm less substances can irritate some skins. There are two general types of industrial skin infections: (1) Pri[tiary irritant dermatitis: (2) Sensi tization dermatitis. Primary irritation dermatitis. Practically all persons suffer skin irritation from acids, alkalis, irritant gases and vapors, and physical agents, such as heat, cold and fric tion. Brief contact with a primary irritant in high concentration or pro longed exposure to a lower concen tration results in skin inflammation. Allergy is not a factor in these con ditions. . Sensitization dermatitis is the re sult of skin sensitivity to a given substance. This form requires a definite period of sensitization. Dur ing this period the offending sub stance causes no response unless there is contact with concentrations high enough to cause primary irri tation. Once sensitization develops, even small amounts of the material may cause symptoms. Some substances can produce both types of dermatitis. Among them are organic solvents, formaldehyde and chromic acid. Oil Dermatitis Cutting oils and compounds are frequently involved where cutting and turning of metals is performed'. The condition starts with irritation of the skin by continuous contact with the oil, forming comedones or blackheads. These comedones later become infected to form oil pimples or boils. Dirty workers working in dirty oil form a combination that often re sults in serious conditions. Some types of skin are more susceptible than others, but anyone will develop the condition with sufficient expo sure. If other precautions are taken, use of protective creams will help, pri marily by making it easier to cleanse the skin. Keeping machines and the area around them free from loose oil is the basis of any program for the control of oil dermatitis. To prevent excessive deterioration of oil it should be replaced and the machine thoroughly cleaned after each 120 hours of use, or oftener. The oil may be reclaimed or re placed. depending on which is cheaper. If reclaimed, it may be sterilized by heat during the process. Caution should be used in adding germicides to oil. Most of them are irritating to the skin if used in excessive amounts. \ Oil dermatitis occurs most often oh the fronts of the thighs and the back of the neck, where the clothing rubs, also on forearms and wrists where direct contamination is heaviest. Men working in the area must keep clean and not wear oilsoaked clothing. Men should be encouraged to bathe daily at the end of the shift. A shower with warm water, mild soap or detergent, and a soft brush is helpful in the control of dermatitis. It is also effective for other types of primary irritation dermatitis. Predisposing factors. In investigat ing causes of occupational skin give you more positive industrial dust control! The Aerotec Integral is a highly efficient mechanical collector developed to give you the most effective industrial dust control! In many applications the high efficiency of the Aerotec Integral permits the return of cleaned air to the room, appreciably reducing heat loss. Only Aerotec offers you high collect ing efficiency over a wide range . . . constant pressure drop ... no fire hazard since all materials used in construction are non-combustible . . . long life . . . self-cleaning collecting elements . . .easy maintenance--only periodic removal of dust from hopper or bin. Why not let one of our representatives help you solve your dust-collection prob lems? Call or write him today! Project Engineers THE THERMIX CORPORATION Greenwich, Conn. (Offices in 38 Principal Cities) Manufacturers THE AEROTEC CORPORATION Greenwich, Conn, National Safety Newt, March, 1954 Illustrating Ruemelin Fume Collectors in action. Part of a group of sixteen collectors at plant of Sterling Wheelbarrow Co., Milwaukee. Collects fumes at the source! Counterbalanced inlet hood stays in wotking area, automatically. Hoods have great lateral and vertical range for table, positioner or floor use. Thousands in every day service. Write for bulletin 37-E. -------RUEMELIN MFG. CO.---------- MFRS. & ENGRS. SAND BLAST & DUST COLLECTING EQUIPMENT 3885 NORTH PALMER STREET MILWAUKEE 1J, WISCONSIN, U. S. A. 59 Saction 3--Industrial Health Engineering disorders, the following should be considered: 1. Race of patient. 2. Type of skin, 3. Age. 4. Sex. 5. Degree of perspiration. 6. Personal habits of cleanliness. 7. Pre-existence of skin disorders and allergic states. 8. Diet. General precautions. The primary objective is to prevent contact with the irritant or reduce it as much as possible. Use of enclosure and me chanical methods of handling will reduce skin contacts. Personal protective equipment, such as gloves, aprons, and face shields, and protective creams are a second line of defense. Careful housekeeping around the process is also essential. Personal cleanliness, which short ens the contact of the material with the skin, is at least as important as personal protective equipment. Attempts to determine which in dividuals are especially sensitive to contact with these materials, by patch tests or otherwise, are of doubtful value. Controlling Air-Borne Bacteria Control of air-borne bacteria in industrial and public buildings has been the subject of much research. In addition to the personal health aspect, control of such bacteria is sometimes requix-ed by manufactur ing processes. Ultra-violet radiation and chemi cal bactericides have been found capable of < hroying bacteria, al though pr ctical methods of appli cation impose numerous difficulties. Ultra violet radiation using lowpressure mercury lamps with ultra violet transmitting glass or quartz envelopes will destroy many micro organisms. Application is by irradi ating the upper air stratum of a room, beaming or screening to pro vide a narrow barrier of protective light, or inserting a radiation source in an air duct. Radiations of adequate intensity are dangerous to eyes and skin. Lamps should not be in the range of vision. Chemical bactei-icides are also used, propylene glycol being the most effective under most condi tions. Effective concentrations are odorless and non-toxic to human be ings. Use of chemical bactericides requires close control of humidity in the area to be protected. Food Service IN-PLANT FEEDING has become firmly established in industry. While plant cafeterias and canteens have been in operation for many years in the larger companies, more and more smaller concerns have been provid ing facilities for food service on a smaller scale. Originally planned to provide a fairly substantial meal in the middle of the shift, industi-ial food service now includes the morning and after noon "coffee breaks," which are helpful in avoiding fatigue. Two important developments have aided in the extension of food serv ice to smaller concerns. (1) Vending machines now dispense almost any thing that can be packaged, including hot drinks. (2) Sanitary disposable paper utensils eliminate dishwashing and breakage, and maintaining a staff of employees. Types of Service Food sex-vices for industry are of four main types: 1. Cafeterias preparing and serv ing hot meals. 2. Canteens or lunchrooms dis pensing sandwiches and other packaged foods and hot and cold bevei-ages. A few hot dishes may be included in the menu. 3. Mobile canteens circulating through the plant. 4. Box lunch services. Management. In larger plants, food service may be operated by the company, often at a loss. The deficit, if any. is charged to employee goo, will. In smaller establishments the mon common practice is to engage an in- dustrial caterer' to provide foot service. Foods are prepared in -K central kitchen and tx-ansported tc the plant in vacuum containers, al though coffee may be prepared on the spot. The company provides the quartei-s, with any necessary dish washing facilities. It avoids the in vestment in kitchen space and equipment and maintaining the necessax-y staff. In some plants food service is * under the supervision of the safety department. Whether operated by the company or by a concessionaire, constant supervision is desirable to maintain standards of quality and sanitation. Location. Convenience for employ ees and efficiency of supply and op eration are points which often decide the location of the lunchroom. In many plants the lunch hour has been shortened to allow employees to leave earlier and quick service is important. Wholesome and palatable food eaten in clean, pleasant suxtound ings have both physical and psycho logical benefits. Lighting and venti lation of the lunchroom should receive careful attention. In many plants lunchrooms are used for safety meetings and other gatherings for business or pleasure. Canteens offer less elaborate menus --To page 62 More than 2,400 hot pre-packed meals are served daily during three lunch periods at this carry-out canteen counter. (Factory Stores) 60 National Saftttv New* Mctrrh Section 3--Industrial Health Engineering YOU can COUNT ON THE PAX LINE Whatever your cleaning problem, you can count on one of the many PAX Products to fill your need exactly. You can count on it for safety, quality, efficiency and the most for your money. Pick the PAX Product you need from the complete PAX Line--and count your savings, too! PAX-LANO-SAV HEAVY DUTY Granulated Skin Cleanser has been aworded the Seed of Approval of the Committee on Cosmetics of the American Medical Association. PAX*LANO*$AV HEAVY DUTY is the most popular skin cleanser used in the industrial field. Its lively but gentle granules get really dirty hands clean in a hurry. PAX-lANO-SAV Emollient blended into every granule gives plus protection. When you specify any PAX Product you get as an extra dividend the experience, ability and special know-how of our PAX Research and Testing Laboratory, acquired through more than a quarter-century of continuous research and development. LOOK for the PAX ROOSTER Your Assurance of a Superior Product Distributed Nationally Through PAX Warehouses and Jobber Stocks. Write for the Name of Your Nearest Distributor. National Safety News, March, TP54 6 Section 3--Industrial Health Engineering Food Service (From page 60) than cafeterias, but investment in equipment and operating costs are considerably lower. Where only limited quarters are available for lunchrooms, a schedule of staggered lunch hours for different departments is sometimes arranged. Workers who bring lunches from home and those who patronize box lunch services should have a clean place to eat. Eating in the work places is permissible when opera tions do not create any health haz ard. Locker rooms may be used if clean and well ventilated. Drinking water should be pro vided in all rooms assigned for eat ing purposes. Sanitation Strict cleanliness in the kitchen is most important. Patrons who get a glimpse of the kitchen should be re assured by what they see. All perishable food and beverages should be kept under refrigeration except when being prepared or served. Preemployment and periodic physical examinations for employees are important health measures. Dishwashing. Clean dishes can be obtained with either hand or ma chine washing, although lower bac teria counts on utensils are obtained by machine. Hand dishwashing requires a two- or three-compartment sink, provi sion for scraping dishes and disposing of scrapings, prerinsing arrange ment, adequate water-heating facili ties, an effective detergent, trained personnel and capable supervision. Baskets for utensils make it possible to use hotter water than the hands could endure. Most codes require a bacterial rinse for dishes after washing. This can be accomplished by immersion in water of at least 170 for at least two minutes. A chlorine solution of 100 parts or more per million is also effective. Drying with towels, while not ex pressly prohibited, is not recom mended. Newer types of dishwashing ma chines are efficient and easier to keep clean. Most models now have devices to maintain the temperature of recirculated wash and rinse water. Helpful information for planning and operating food service facilities are often obtainable from local and state health departments and from publications of the U. S. Public Health Service. See also: Rodent and Insect Con trol. Vending machines. Conveniently located coin-operated vending ma chines provide such items as cookies, candy bars, sandwiches and soft drinks. Some machines dispense hamburgers, frankfurters and coffee heated by electronic devices. Ma chines should incorporate recom mended principles of sanitary design. Beverages are dispensed either in bottles or in paper cups. The latter method avoids the problem of lost and broken bottles. Plastic cups, plates and tumblers reduce the cost and hazard of break age. Some types withstand the high temperatures of dishwashing ma chines. Paper utensils for both hot and cold foods and drinks are popular for smaller lunchrooms and canteens and for restaurants handling take out orders. They avoid the health hazard of poor dishwashing and loss through breakage. Receptacles should be provided for disposal of used utensils. Vending machines are usually op erated by a coin that leaves a small margin of profit (which has almost disappeared on some lines). Freauently the profit goes to the em ployees' welfare or recreation fund. Nutrition An employee cafeteria has an op portunity to help workers follow recommended diets. It can offer daily specials that will encourage choice of proper food. Diets recommended by nutrition experts include the "Basic 7" foods: 1. Green and yellow vegetables, raw, cooked, frozen or canned. 2. Oranges, tomatoes, grapefruit, raw cabbage or salad greens. 3. Potatoes and other vegetables and fruit--raw, dried, cooked, frozen or canned. 4. Milk and milk products, fluid, evaporated, dried milk or cheese. Recommended Areas for Lunchrooms Max. No. Persons Using Lunchroom at' One Time Less than 25 25 to 74 75 to 149 150 to 500 More than 500 Square feet per Person 8 7 6 5 4 5. Meat, poultry, fish or dried beans, peas, nuts, or peanut! 6. Bread, flour and cereals, whole grain or enriched. 7. Butter or fortified marga Rest periods. Principal meg served in the middle of the wofl shift but there is growing appf,_ tion of the-value of mid-morning mid-aftemooi^ snacks as a conti tion to comfort and efficiency. Snacks are made possible growing number of plants by of 10 to 15 minutes to go to lunchroom. In cipher plants moljj snack bars are wheeled throu working areas, giving employe chance for refreshment and rela tion. REFERENCES Food Service National Safety News Pood Fights Fatigue--Rheta Hyatt, 1951, p. 28. Energy Restored--July 1951, p. 38. Miscellaneous Employee Feeding--John W. Stokes < Boston, 1951. Lunchrooms for Employees--B405, Meta polltan Life Insurance Co., 1944. Rodent and insect Control RATS, mice and insects are respon- i sible for an annual toil of destruc- r tion and spoilage that runs into mil- ' lions of dollars. In addition, these pests are carriers of many diseases, j Ratproof construction helps to 1 keep rodents out of buildings but t adequate control measures must t cover a wide area. Rodents must l be routed out of burrows and hiding ' places under lumber, scrap and i trash piles. Materials should be stored on j racks 8 inches above the floor with | 18 inches between rows. Outdoors, j materials should be stored on racks I 18 inches above the ground and with | at least 18 inches between rows. f Permanent control measures are j based on the fact that rodents can not exist without food, water and ' shelter. This makes good house keeping vital, inside buildings and ; in the yard as well. Scraps from the kitchen and from employees lunches should be placed in covered metal containers. Spilled grain should be swept up daily. Extermination. Temporary GOntrol consists of removing the existing rat population by means of traps, gases or poisons. Their natural enemies, such as dogs and ferrets, are not al ways dependable. This step should precede permanent measures to pre- --`To page 65 62 bimtlanat Mow* fe km Sxtioa 3--industrial Hnaltk infinoottag . eliminate dust with WESTONES Dramatic proof of ANTISEPTIC WESTONE'S effectiveness. The hand at left was rubbed across an ordinary untreated section of floor. The hand at right was rubbed over a section which had been treated with dust-controlling ANTISEPTIC WESTONE. Sweeping: only rearranges dust. As a matter of fact, sweeping and floor traffic are the main dust spreaders--not open doors and windows as you might think. And dust is damaging. It spreads many harmful disease bacteria that often cause absenteeism. It affects precision apparatus and delicate finished products. Makes store merchandise, office and institutional floors unsightly. ANTISEPTIC WESTONE CONTROLS DUST. Loosens and picks it up from floors, bins, shelves, furniture. Seals floor surfaces. Im proves their appearance. Holds down subsequent dust so traffic can't raise it. Its antiseptic properties inhibit growth of bacteria. ANTISEPTIC WESTONE is economical. It works as fast as a man can walk. One man can do the work of three in maintaining floors. And it goes a long way. One gallon covers 4,000 square feet. Interested? Check the coupon. WANT DETAILS? fear eat tits coupon and matt with year letterhead Dpt. 7 42-16 West Street, Long Island City 1, N. Y. I'm interested in: ' A free leaflet on WESTONE. A talk with a West ex pert about my special floor problems. No sales pitch. No obligation. Just discussion and a demon stration If I want it National Safety News, March, 1954 63 ACTAMER Remarkable New Soap Antiseptic Helps Reduce Absenteeism... Cuts Skin Bacteria 97$ You can help keep plant employes on the job by helping them reduce skin disorders. How? Keep washrooms supplied with soap containing ACTAMER, Monsanto's new bacteriostat. Regular use of soap containing Actamer reduces resident skin bacteria by as much as 97%, thus cutting the chances of skin infections. Control of skin bacteria is important because 60% of all occupational disease compensation cases are based on skin disorders. Industrial soaps with Actamer--bar, liquid or powder-- are now available. Write us for a list of suppliers. Organic Chemicals Di .ision, MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY, P. O. Box 478, St. Louis 1, Mo. Actamer: Reg. U. S. Pat. Off. Serving Industry ... Which Serves Mankind 64 National Safety Newt, match. If Section 3--lnciustriai H*aHk Smgiatrmf Insects and Rodents from page 62 veJ1t the rat's migration to other premises. y Calcium cyanide, applied to rat furrows with a foot-pump duster, is an effective poison. It should be used only out of doors. Indoor ap plications may not provide sufficient moisture to liberate cyanide, thus creating a delayed hazard. Carbon monoxide from gasoline engine exhaust, chloropicrin and methyl bromide are also effective. Manufacturers of rodent killers pro vide directions for using them. Lethal fumigant gases, applied by licensed exterminators, are some times effective in controlling infesta tion. Red squill has long been a popu lar and effective rat killer. It acts only as an emetic on other animals but rats cannot vomit and death results. Warfarin, a more recently intro duced rat killer, is also relatively harmless to most other animals and to human beings. It is used in estab lishments handling food products where more toxic remedies would be highly dangerous. Barium carbonate, phosphorus or arsenic compounds, thallium sulfate, ANTU, and sodium fluorosilicate (1080) are also widely used. The latter two poisons must be used with particular caution since no antidote for them has yet been discovered. All poisons, except red squill, should be handled with rubber gloves. The user should avoid breathing the dust Manufacturer's directions should be followed. Insecticides In agriculture and n some indus tries, such as food products, a con stant fight must be waged against insects. For farm and garden the traditional poisons such as lead arse nate, Paris green and nicotine sul phate have been supplemented by much safer products such as rotenone, pyrethrum, and DDT. All insecticides, however, should be handled with caution. The user should avoid inhaling dust or spray of any kind and allowing any of it to remain on the skin. For extensive use, protective clothing and gloves and a respirator may be desirable. Lethal fumigant gases are used for exterminating weevils, moths, beetles and other insects. Carbon disulfide has been used for controlling wee vils in grain but it has the serious drawbacks of being highly toxic and highly flammable. Fumigation should be done only by licensed fumigators. National Safety News, March, 1954 Heat and Humidity EXCESSIVE HEAT, whether due to climate or to manufacturing proc esses, provides some of industry's most complicated and expensive problems. The loss of productive efficiency at high temperatures is serious and human health and com fort are affected to a greater or lesser degree. Accident rates are also influenced by the lack of alertness caused by excessive heat and humidity. When temperatures approach 90 degrees, especially when accom panied by high humidity and lack of air movement, the human body rapidly loses its ability to compen sate for atmospheric conditions. In dividuals vary considerably in their susceptibility to heat but it is good economics to cool the air of work spaces as much as possible in sum mer and to protect workers exposed to heat-producing processes. Avoiding the ill effects of heat and humidity requires close attention to working conditions by the employer and observance of reasonable pre cautions by the worker. Even where comfortable air conditioning is not practicable much can often be done to improve conditions. Good ventilation is one of the most important items. Keeping the air in circulation by general mechanical ventilation is helpful and spot cool ing by fans often affords increased comfort. However, when the wet bulb temperature of the surrounding air is higher than that of the body, blowing air over the worker does not cool him, it makes him feel more uncomfortable. In industries such as hot mines and in glass plants, steel mills and other hot industries, it is frequently useless to blow cold air over workers unless it is cooled and dehumidified. In hot industries there are many operations in which the atmosphere cannot be kept below maximum sug gested temperatures. Radiation from nearby hot objects is another source of discomfort; Heat received through radiation can be decreased by means of shields, 'insulation where fans would be ineffective. Adequate washroom facilities and plenty of cool, pure drinking water also contribute to health find com fort in hot surroundings. Work clothing. For general condi tions of heat and humidity, clothing should be porous, light in weight and allow air to circulate around the body. For exposure to local sources of intense heat and infra red and ultra violet radiation, special pro tective garments are needed. Leather is widely used, and for more severe exposures, asbestos and wool are needed. Acute Ailments Exposure to extreme heat, espe cially when accompanied by physi cal exertion, may result in heat cramps, heat exhaustion, or heat stroke. Knowledge of correct first aid treatment for each type of ail ment is important. All cases should receive medical attention. Heat cramps are due to excessive loss of salt and moisture from the body. They come suddenly and may involve skeletal or intestinal mus cles. Even if the moisture of the body is replaced by drinking plenty of water, loss of salt may cause heat cramps. Heat cramps are relieved in a few horns by proper treatment but sore ness may persist for several days. Heat exhaustion is a shock-like state also resulting from loss of salt and moisture. Symptoms are pallor, relatively low temperature, weak Heat Accident Facts Data from the National Office of Vital Statistics show that male death rates due to excessive heat tend to increase sharply with age. This is particularly true after age 65. A high year for excessive heat deaths, such as 1936, accentuates these facts when compared with a more temperate year--1950. Male Deaths due to Excessive Heat Age 1936 Deaths Rate* Deaths 1950 ' Rate* 25-44 456 2.39 28 13 45-64 1,309 10.48 43 28 65 and over 1,261 31.73 16 .27 * Deaths per 100,000 population. Source: National Office of Vital Statistics. 65 Section 3--Industrial Health Engineering pulse, a feeling of restlessness or anxiety, and sometimes unconscious ness. It is a much more severe con dition than heat cramps and is occa sionally fatal. A person with either condition should be given salted water, if conscious, and put under medical care as quickly as possible. Heatstroke (also known as sun stroke) is caused by exposure to an environment in which the body is unable to cool itself sufficiently. It is not necessarily the result of expo sure to the sun. As a result, body temperature rises, and the heat-reg ulating mechanism breaks down. Symptoms are severe headache, flushed face and high temperature, visual disturbances and loss of con sciousness. Death may occur within a few hours, but if timely treatment is available the patient has a good chance of recovery. One of the after effects is inability to withstand heat. In general, the same precautions will help to prevent or minimize all types of disability due to heat. Serious exposures include boiler and engine rooms, foundries, steel The answer to industrial dermatitis is effective cleansing combined with antiseptic action. Vestal-- SDC (Skin Degerming Cleanser) provides both. It cleans efficiently, removing irritants such as cutting oils, lubricating oil, chemicals and solvents; it provides antiseptic protection against secondary in fections arising from cuts, abra sions and chemical irritation . . . promoting quick healing of injured skin without crippling, infectious complications. Daily hand washing with Vestal --SDC forms an invisible but pro tective film on the skin. For SDC contains the antiseptic agent, Hexachlorophene, which remains on the skin after the hands are rinsed and dried. This antiseptic film provides a continuous barrier to infection and disease trans mission. Vestal--SDC lathers instantly; quickly cleans heavily - soiled hands. WRITE DEPT. N FOR COMPLETE LITERATURE INCORPORATED ARAJ MANCHESTER AVt ST. IOUIS TO, MISSOURI SAFEGUARDS FOR HOT Good ventilation Adequate washroom facilitie. Drinking water Salt tablets Fans and blowers Shields and insulation for tion against radiant heat. prM Suitable clothing. mills and glass plants. Seasonal hazards are found in construction work, public utility^, highway railroad maintenance, and farming Sunburn can be painful and dan, gerous. In strong sunlight, the head j should be covered and exposure o( i the skin kept at a minimum. Tan should be acquired gradually. Treatment is the same as for any other type of bum. Use of Sait Maintaining the salt in the body at an adequate level enables men to work at strenuous occupations where temperatures are unavoidably high. For sedentary workers, normal use of salt with food may be sufficient, but those whose jobs require greater physical exertion may not take enough by this method. Dispensing. The most convenient and popular method for providing salt is in tablet form. The 10-grain size is more frequently used, and it may be obtained either as pure salt or in a combination of 70 per cent salt and 30 per cent dextrose. Tablets containing dextrose are more pal atable and more easily assimilated by many persons. For those who find difficulty in taking even a moderate amount of salt, enteric-coated tablets are avail able. These pass through the stom ach intact and dissolve in the intestines. In most plants, a dispenser for salt tablets will be found beside the drinking fountain. Dispensers are made in several styles and sizes. The drink of water is as important as the salt. A full glass of water (eight ounces) should be taken with each tablet. Another method is to add salt to the water. This is practicable where the drinking water is not used in the industrial processes. Concentrations of from .1 to .5 per cent, depending upon the temperatures and nature of the work, are used in some plants. Use of salted drinking water should be under medical supervision. Caution. Persons with kidney or heart disease or high blood pressure S4 National Softly Newt, March, 1954  seek medical advice on the f 5&a gajt. However, such men use o not be placed on jobs where shoUiwouId be exposed to high tem- (heytures or heavy manual work. Controlling Noise and Vibration vrESSlVE noise in a workplace is tban an annoyance; it can be a !f finite occupational hazard, causing ermanent impairment of hearing, f dividual tolerance of noise varies c0ntinued exposure causes nerv es tension and fatigue. j^vel of Sound. The unit of meas uring sound is the decibel. The decibel scale is strictly a physical scale. It does not measure the fre quency, which also affects the sen sation felt by the ear. In general, the higher frequencies or pitch, of sound are more trying to the ear. Between zero and 10 decibels is the threshold of audibility. From 10 to 75 decibels is within the comfortable hearing range. Noise above 90 decibels is consid ered injurious to the hearing and nervous system. At 120 it becomes acutely painful. Noise Makers. Here are some noise levels recorded at three feet from various machines: Punch presses--98-103. Drop hammers--99-101. Hydraulic press--130. Automatic riveters--95-99. Lathes--80. Automatic screw machines--93-100. Airplane riveting guns--94-105. Airplane propeller grinding--100-105. Looms---94-101. Wood planers--99-110. Wood saws--100. The accumulated effect of smaller noises may also create an excessive total. Measuring levels. Where noise is present more or less continuously it is recommended that operations be tested with an approved sound meter. If a meter is not available, it may be assumed that noise is ex cessive where it is necessary to carry on conversation by shouting. Methods of Control Substitution of a less noisy proc ess, such as welding for riveting, is sometimes possible. But in most operations there are four methods of attack:1 1 Isolate vibrating machines by put ting them on damping mounts of rub- National Safety News, March, 1954 Section 3--Industrial Health ieglneerUtgl industrial engineers and production men are * REPLACING CARBON TETRACHLORIDE with FINE ORGANICS' 'SAFE-TEE'SOLVENT F.0.-I28 (low toxicity--high flash) and are safe-guarding personnel from nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, headaches, dizzi ness, jaundice, loss of memory and the more harmful effects on the lungs and the liver. Combined with the exceptional safety features is the extreme CLEANING AND DEGREASING effectiveness of F.O.-128. ADVANTAGES OF F.0.-128 Minimized toxicity- fifteen times more safe than carbon-tetrc.,,,oriue. High flash poir,, reduces fire hazards. Will not produce dermatitis. Perfect for cleaning electrical and mechan ical equipment without damage to surfaces or insulated components. Zero residue on drying. May be used in process cleaning for pre paint or pre-plate operations. WRITE TODAY for information on this and other FINE ORGANICS' "SAFE-TEE" Solvents. Represen tatives in Principal Cities: Write to Dept. "C" for FREE technical bulletin "How to Clean Electric Motors." ^ See July 1952 issue of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicines 67 Section 3--Industrial Health Engineering ber, cork, springs, or other material. 2. Enclose noisy operations in insu lated rooms. 3. Apply acoustical treatment to walls and ceilings. 4. Maintain machinery to avoid noise from worn and loose parts. Frequently it is necessary to use a combination of measures. Keeping floors in good condition and free from bumps is helpful. Rubber tires on trucks also make operations quieter. Personal Protection. Where noise cannot be reduced to a comfortable level at the source, ear plugs or stopples often afford considerable relief. These are made of plastic, rubber or wax. Stopples properly made and fitted have reduced noise from 25 to 30 decibels while permitting ordinary conversation. See Section 4, Hear ing Aids. REFERENCES Noise and Vibration National Safety News What We've Learned About Noise--K G. Meiter, Apr. 1952, p. 39. Muffling the Noisemakers--*Aug. 1951, p. 37. Noise Can Drive You Nuts--Oct. 1950, p. 100. What Can We Do About Noise?--Martin Hlrschom, Sept. 1952, p. 28. American Standards Assn. The Relations of Hearing Loss to Noise Exposure--Report. Drinking Water HEALTH and efficiency, as well as physical comfort, require an ade quate supply of pure drinking water. It can be provided at a moderate cost in any industrial plant. Drinking facilities should be con veniently located and inviting in ap pearance. Workers will not drink enough water unless it is clean, cool and palatable. Attractiveness of fix tures is also important, particularly for women employees. In providing for the needs of workers, the following should be considered: 1. Number of persons to be served. 2. Type of work--light or strenuous. 3. Temperature of workroom. 4. Purity of water. 5. Temperature of water. 6. Design of fixtures. 7. Location of outlets. One outlet for each 50 employees has been su jested as a minimum. More will be needed if temperature is high or work involves physical exertion. If outlets are too far apart work ers will not drink enough water or they will spend too much time away from work. It should not be neces sary to walk more than 50 feet for a drink. A supply of drinking water should be provided in all rooms assigned for eating purposes. Drinking water facilities should not be installed in toilet rooms. Water supply. Pure water is an important responsibility of every city, and health departments main tain a close watch over the water supply. But when the plant is lo cated outside the city limits, and for temporary operations such as con struction, public utility and oil-field sa work, the employer must supervise the water supply. It should be analyzed regularly. If unapproved or "service" water is used for industrial processes or for fire protection, signs should be posted warning against its use for drinking. Care must be taken to avoid possibility of cross connections between the two systems. Sterilization. Water of question able purity can be made safe for drinking by chlorination or boiling. Compounds for sterilizing water, some in convenient tablet form, are available. Filtration is desirable for removal of sediment but it will not destroy harmful bacteria. Temperature of water. For work ers who perform heavy manual labor, 'rom 50 to 55 degrees F. is recom mended. For office workers, restau rant patrons and others who are less active, the temperatures may be as low as 45 degrees. Drinking water and salt tablets are aids to health and comfort in hot weather Methods of Dispensing 3 Two approved methods of dispe^J ing drinking water are: (1) ing fountains of approved desi^B (2) Paper cups provided at the Drinking fountains with individy^ cooling units, are more suitable f0t many types df industry than a cen. I tral cooling system. Fountain, > should conform to specifications of the ASA Code Z 4.2. Important fea. tures are a diagonal jet, which (1) prevents the water falling bach ' on the nozzle, (2) g. guard to keep the user's lips away from it. If ice is used for cooling it should | be in a separate compartment with- out direct contact with the water, i Older installations in factories, l offices, stores and public buildings t which do not conform to hygienic { standards can often be modernized \ at reasonable cost Desirable accessories in drinking fountains are line strainers and I pressure regulators. An outlet for f filling glasses is also useful, par- ticularly for office use. A dispenser for salt tablets should ? be located near the drinking foun- \ tain. t Hazardous locations. For use where | flammable gases, vapors and dusts l may be found, explosion-proof > fountains are available. Paper cups should be kept in dustproof containers and receptacles provided for used cups. The container must be kept filled or workers will salvage old cups. | ; 1 : Maintenance. A cuspidor or sand urn at the fountain will prevent much discarded chewing gum, to bacco, etc., being deposited in the fountain bowl. Regular cleaning of porcelain and metal keeps the fix tures attractive and sanitary. Maintenance of drinking fountains must be watched to prevent un sightly and unsanitary conditions. A few employees will need reminding of the importance of habits of clean liness and education is easier when accompanied by a good housekeep ing program. Isolated Jobs Portable containers. For many jobs remote from the city water mains, as in construction work, public util ity and railroad maintenance, in mines and other isolated working places, an open water bucket too often is the means of supplying drinking water, with one cup or dipper serving the entire crew. National Safety Newt, March, 1954 Portable coolers, with dispensers paper cups, are particularly use0n temporary jobs where em- i yees must work at a distance r 1, a source of pure water. The ntainer should have a tight-fitting cofl' ^portable drinking fountains proje another method. One model ^es a hand pump to maintain presSlight pressure on a valve re lease a jet of water at an angle, as in apProve<^ permanent installations, and a guard prevents lips from comjj,g in contact with the nozzle. In sulation keeps water cool for several hours. Vacuum bottles may be provided for individual use by employees in remote or hard-to-reach places, such as crane cabs. Salt tablets in individual packages should be available in hot weather. Ventilation --from page 52 Filters are the oldest and simplest way of removing dust They are porous mediums through which dust laden air is drawn. Some filters are designed to collect dust in the form of a layer on the upstream surface. This is characteristic of cloth and paper filters. The thicker types, such as those of metal mesh treated with oil, have greater dust-holding capac ity. A filter should have these charac teristics: 1. Low initial resistance to air flow. 2. Reasonable length of service. 3. Efficiency under changes of tem perature and humidity. 4. low flammability. 5. Reasonable replacement cost or ease of cleaning. 6. Low maintenance cost 7. Freedom from odors. Electrostatic precipitation. This method is highly efficient, particu larly for fine dusts which are diffi cult to remove by other methods. It offers low resistance to air flow. First cost and maintenance cost are rela tively high. Precipitators have comparatively low efficiency in collecting large particles moving with considerable force. For high concentrations of dust they generally require pre cleaners. They are valuable when the manufacturing process requires a practically dust-free atmosphere. A combination of viscous filter and electrostatic precipitation with a selfeleaning feature on some models is National Safety News, March, I9S4 COMPLETE PROTECTION AGAINST ATHLETE'S FOOT at moderate cost!______, IMPROVED ALTA-CO POWDER Refinements and improvements in essential ingredients and production methods make Dolge's famed ALTA-CO more quickly soluble, more agreeable generally and better to handle. Dissolved economically in watar for the all- important foot bath, ALTA-CO kills in fess than a minuto all different species of fungi commonly found in Athlete's Foot. Non-irritating; harmless to towels. \ ALTA-CO FOOT POWDER For dusting feet after shower or other exposure to moisture. H.D. FUNGICIDE FLOOR WASH Diluted I to 300 in water, this powerful wash provides additional protection against Afhlete's Foot on surfaces where fungi are commonly found. Aik your DOLGE SERVICE MAN about moneysaving offer on the DOLGE FOOT TUB. FrvO/>R i FREE SANITARY SURVEY OF YOUR PREMIA* I - -- -- #(>R%firC : WESTPORT. CONNECTICUT && FOR YOUR FREE COPY OF lljghtfoot ANSWERS TO THE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ABOUT SOAP i BUYING . no commercials -- no sales chatter but a wealth of informative data' that should prove invaluable to you and your company throughout the future. LIGHTFOOT SCHULTZ COMPANY 380 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK 17. N. Y. Send your free Question end Answer Soap Data Name_ ANrtn. City___ _ .State_ I I I I .1 69 Section 3-lnduitriof Health Engineering %74 USE ONOX TO STOP ATHLETE'S FOOT 74 of the 100 Largest Manufacturers use ONOX SKIN-TOUGHENER Modern research has upset old theories about Athlete's Foot control. Skin specialists have proved that the best way to prevent Athlete's Foot is to improve the condition of the skin. That's what ONOX Joes. ONOX mineral salts toughen the skin and make it resistant to fungus growth. No splash No mess No waste Odorless Easy to maintain Nothing to get out of order Eden like ONOX Relieves tired, aching feet 60 DAY TRIAL OFFER We will ship your trial order for any amount of ONOX and footmats. Youpay nothing unless fully satisiied after 60 days' use. V. ONOX, INC. DEPT. F, 121 SECOND STREET SAN FRANCISCO 7, CALIF. * WAREHOUSES BROOKLYN CLEVELAND . NEW ORLEANS HAWTHORNE, CALIF. ACE SALT TABLET DISPENSER NEW-DIFFERENT ECONOMICAL SANITARY 95% GLASS AND PLASTIC STRONG-SIMPLE FOOL-PROOF The last word in self tablet dispensers. Holds 750 JO-grain tablets. Price $2.50 each, Postpaid. ACE MANUFACTURING COMPANY DIVISION OF AMERICAN DEVICE MFG. CO. STEELEVILLE, ILLINOIS 70 available. It solves the problem dust capacity and of heavy partjci Cyclones. A cyclone consists outer cylinder fitted with an inve cone-shaped hopper and an concentric cylinder which serve* 8 a discharge duct. Air from the mJ* duct of the exhaust system, un<j^ high velocity,infers the large chain, her where the. air is given a circuit motion. The heavier particles ^ thrown to the outer wall by cen. trifugal force and fall along the wa^ Air escapes through the top. Cyclones are most effective f0r large particles, such as sawdust shavings, heavy lint, etc. Aft<$ passing through them, air cannot be returned to the workroom without further filtering. Cyclones are rela. tively inefficient for removing small particles. Dynamic separators combine fan and collector in one unit. In form this type of separator is somewhat like a cyclone, but the centrifugal separating action is performed by the revolving blades. It is more efficient than the cyclone. In some types water spray is in troduced with the dust at the inlet. Wet collection increases efficiency for fine dusts. Wet collectors use several devices for obtaining contact of water with the exhausted air so that dust par ticles form a sludge. One type con sists of sprays or water curtains through which dust-laden air is drawn. These are efficient collectors for many types of dust. An impor- REFERENCES Ventilation and Air Conditioning National Safety Council Accident Prevention Handbook tor Indus trial Operations. National Safety News Conditions Under Control--Aug. 1951, p. IS. No Smoke from These Stacks--Apr. 1951, p. 34. Disposal of Oil and Varnish Fumes-- J. C. Dlttmer, Jan. 1951, p. 36. Heat, Hazard and Humidity--May 1953, p. 33. Practical Aspects of Dust Suppression-- W. B. Lawrie; Part I, Feb. 1953, p. 26; Part II, May 1953, p. 28. Protection Against Radiant Heat--A. M. Wallach, June 1953, p. 30. American Standards Assn. Light and Ventilation, Building Code Re quirements for--A53.1-1946. Toxic Dusts and Oases, Allowable Con centrations for--Z37 series. Blower and Exhaust Systems for Dust. Stock and Vapor Removal, Regulations for Installation of--Z33.1-1950. ( Miscellaneous Heating, Ventilating and Air Condition ing Guide (1949)--American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers. Industrial Health Engineering--Allen D. Brandt; John Wiley & Sons, New York. 1947. The Industrial Environment and Its Con trol--!. M. Dalla Valle; Pittman Publishing Co., New York. National Safety News, March, 1954 t appl'catlon >s *n prevention !^dust explosions from grinding alu minum or magnesium. Supersonic flocculation. Suspended , t is passed through a field of -upers0nic vibrations, inaudible to the human ear, generated by a highfrequency siren. Vibration floccu lus the fine particles, and the ag gregates are then collected by "v'clones or ether measures for col lecting relatively coarse particles. General Safety Measures Personal protective equipment is needed where exposure is occasional or where complete protection is not practicable. Removal of the hazard at its source should remain the ob jective. Sanitation and housekeeping must receive constant attention. Otherwise equipment will lose its effectiveness and unhygienic conditions develop. Supervision and training of em ployees, particularly in hazardous operations, is important. Workers exposed to toxic substances should receive frequent physical examina tions. Medical control is seldom success ful as a primary method of control, but is an important check on other methods. Maintenance of engineer ing control is sometimes inadequate and symptoms of absorption of toxic materials by a worker may be the first real warning. The safety de partment should be notified of the introduction of new materials and processes so that possible hazards may be assessed and safeguards pro vided. Specialized Applications of Air Conditioning Operators of overhead traveling cranes are often subject to extreme heat and humidity, as well as to f gases, vapors and dusts from operaj tions below. To improve conditions, cab coolers have been designed. These coolers are self-contained units which need only an electrical connection. They supply clean air, cooled and dehu midified to the cab. Locomotive cranes, which often must operate in excessively hot lo cations, can be provided with similar equipment. These units can also be used to heat the cab in cold weather. For pulpits and other control loca tions in steel mills where heat, dirt or fumes create uncomfortable new hazardous conditions, similar equip ment has been designed. National Safety Now*, March, 1954 INDUSTRIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL SECTIONAL TABLES with SWING SEATS formica Edge Grain Maple Caf-O-Ute Stainless Steel MAXIMUM SEATING CAPACITY IN LIMITED SPACE! Colorful tops and wide range of enamel paint finishes add attractive new color to industrial and institutional dining rooms and recreation rooms. Units in varying lengths seat 4 to 24 people. Attached seats (with or without backs) swing under table to eliminate crowding, noise and confusion of loose chairs and tables. Ideal for industry, schools, hospitals and institutions. WRITE TODAY For NEW Catalog! Illustrates complete line together with outstanding installation photos and complete engineering specifications. Sent free of charge. ryj [ ..1 DISTRIBUTORS IN ALL PRINCIPAL CITIES THE CHICAGO HARDWARE FOUNDRY CO. Dependable S-n:e ] a9? 1034 Commonwealth Avenue North Chicago, III. COOLER FOIITAIM NEWS VITREOUS CHINA TOPS NOW AVAILABLE f Popular 15-inch Line of Halsey Taylor Cooler -ins |gw wjf.h Vi^l* gjina Industrial users of Electric Coolers prefer the space saving 15-inch size. Therefore, it's welcome news to know that Halsey Taylor now furnishes this pop ular size with Vitreous China Tops. Gleaming vitreous china is always easy to keep clean, and--with the Halsey Taylor distinctive two- stream projector -- these coolers are the most hygienic and health- safe you can buy. '' Sm Mr catalog m Sw--t`, or wriM ~~ ~T SUMu S1#a Tt Slu Auilafe Sa is^dl CaWMtt Cafeteria MM> THE HALSEY W. TAYLOR C0,, Warren, Ohio Halsey Taylor COOLER FOUNTAINS 7\ Section 3--lnduiirial Health Inginttring Accidents in 1953 Preliminary estimates show 1,000 fewer fatalities. Home deaths down; other classifications practically unchanged THERE WERE approximately 15,000 deaths from work accidents in 1953, no change from 1952. However, both increases and decreases were re corded for individual industries. Reductions of 100 were recorded for the mining and quarrying, and trade industries. The construction and service industries each had 100 more deaths than in 1952. Manu facturing, agriculture, transportation, and public utilities had the same number of fatalities as in the pre vious year. Nonfatal injuries also totaled the same as in 1952--2,000,000. Perma nent impairments numbered about 85,000 each year. Employment in all industries dur ing 1953 was about 1 per cent greater than in 1952. In manufacturing alone, employment rose 5 per cent. Accident rates cannot be computed at this time on a national basis, but preliminary information indicates that the all-industry frequency rate probably was unchanged from 1952. Nonfatal injuries, as noted above, numbered the same both years. The number of workers rose slightly, but average hours worked decreased a little. Accident Costs Wage loss, medical expense, and (he overhead cost of insurance for work accidents in 1953 amounted to about $1,500,000,000. The so-called "indirect" costs also amounted to about $1,500,000,000, including such items as time lost by workers other than the injured, interference with production schedules, property dam age, and partial disability due to ALL ACCIDENTAL accidents which did not result in lost time. Total costs thus were about $3,000,000,000. Off-The-Job Accidents In addition to work accidents, the nation's productive capacity was lowered by off-the-job accidents to workers. The 1953 death toll from these accidents was approximately 34,000 and the injury total about 2,600,000. Accidents to workers, on and off the job, thus totaled 49,000 deaths and 4,600,000 injuries. The time lost during the year from these accidents, and from less serious in juries and indirect losses, amounted to approximately 315,000,000 mandays. Industrial Commission Records Deaths reported to Industrial Commissions in 22 states during 1953' totaled 7,196, only 31 fewer than THE NATIONAL ACCIDENT FATALITY TOLL All Accidents ........... ...................................... Motor-vehicle ............ ................... ...... ............ Public non-motor-vehicle .......................... Home........... ........ Work .................................................................. 1953 95,000 38,300 17,000 28,000 15,000 1952 96^000 38.000 17,000 29,000 15,000 Per Cent Change --1 f1 0 3 0 Note: The motor-vehlcie totals Include some deaths also Included In the work and home totals. This duplication amounted to about 3,300 deaths In 1953 and 3,000 In 1952. All figures are National Safety Council estimates. 72 were reported in 1952. Increases 1 to 23 per cent were recorded? 8 states, and decreases of 1 to per cent in 12 states. Two states i ported no change from 1952. \ 1953 Totals lor 22 states ............7.196 Alabama .................... 93 Arizona...................... . 89 California ..................1,074 Connecticut ............ . 63 Florida ............ .......... . 163 Georgia...................... . 162 Idaho......................... .. 66 Illinois ai Mos.) .... 335 Kentucky .................. . 80 Massachusetts ........ . 561 Missouri..... ............... 69 Nebraska .................... 74 New York....................1,716 North Carolina ......... 130 Oregon ....................... , 128 Pennsylvania ........... 862 South Carolina....... 93 Texas .............. .......... 615 Virginia ..................... 235 Washington......... . . 206 West Virginia........... 242 Wisconsin (10 mos.) 140 1952 Cha^' 7,227 119 91 1,130 65 160 132 89 334 117 473 101 82 1,679 131 155 320 80 591 233 205 305 135 --12 --% --3 4- 2 --26 0 --32 4-19 -- 32 -- IQ --2 --1 -17 -f 5 4-16 f 4 4- 1 0 -- 21 +4 Railroad Accidents Deaths of railroad employees on duty, except those occurring more than 24 hours after the injury, num bered 225 in the first nine months of 1953, a decrease of 13 per cent from 1952. Injuries with more than three days' disability numbered 14,727, or 2 per cent fewer than in 1952. Coal Mine Accidents : Deaths in coal mine accidents dur ing the first 11 months of 1953 totaled 427, or 14 per cent less than in the same months of 1952, according to a preliminary report of the U. S. Bureal of Mines. This is the lowest llrmonth death total on record. Incomplete information indicates that falls of roof or face continued to be the outstanding type of acci dent, followed by haulage accidents. f \ 1 Fire Loss The 1953 value of property'de stroyed by fire was $925,000,000, ac cording to the National Board of Fire Underwriters. This was 17 per cent more than .the comparable 1952 total. In 1952, more than half the loss from building fires was in in dustrial and business establishments. National Softly Ntwt, March, 1954 Mcnen u--inuum iui *< Working Women yVOMEN workers in America today, according to the Bureau of the Cen- reach the surprising total of ,19 000.000 -- approximately 30 per t,ent of all workers. fwo thirds of employed women are found in domestic and personal serv es and in the manufacturing and trade groups. Except for a few pro hibited occupations they can do practically any work that a man can ,jo, although their employment at some occupations is not desirable. During World War II women served as welders, riveters, truck drivers, lathe operators, blast fur nace topmen, and in other occupa tions previously considered unsuit able for female workers. Experience has shown women are exceptionally proficient at the fol lowing types of work: 1. Work requiring care, patience, alertness, good eyesight, and use of light instruments. 2. Work requiring manipulative dexterity and speed. They prefer jobs which permit the individual to set her own tempo and to work in a sitting position. 3. Work requiring skill but not too much strength, either in handling parts or setting up machines. Placement Pointers Ten pointers for successful place ment of women workers are offered by the Women's Bureau of the U. S. Department of Labor: 1. Sell the idea of women workers to present staff, foremen and men workers, if they are not already ac customed to women on the job. 2. Survey jobs to decide which are suitable for women. 3. Adapt jobs to fit smaller frames and lesser physical strength of women. (Generally about 60 per cent the strength of men.) 4. Provide service facilities in the plant to accommodate the anticipated number of women. 5. If the number of women em ployed justifies it, appoint a woman personnel director and the head of a woman counselor system. 6. Select women carefully and for specific jobs. 7. Develop a program for induc tion and training. 8. Maintain good working condi tions. 9. Supervise intelligently. 10. Give women equal opportunity with men. Accident frequency and severity rates are generally lower among women than among men employees although the difference may be due in part to the fact that jobs on which women are employed are generally less hazardous. Most states have enacted legislation regulating work ing conditions for women. These regulations place restric tions on weight lifting, night work, employment in certain occupations, industrial homework, and employ ment immediately before and after childbirth. Provisions found in some state laws cover maximum daily and weekly hours, days of rest, meal periods, rest periods and seating. Recommended standards for main taining health and efficiency have been published by the U. S. Women's Bureau. Many women in industry suffer disabling injuries and more women are injured in machinery accidents than in any other way. This may be due in part to the physical differ ences in men and women. These differences are not always taken into account when operations are set up and guards are adjusted for the lat ter. Frequent injuries occur in con nection with punch presses, power cutting, and sewing and knitting machines. When women are placed in ma chine jobs ordinarily done by men, it is important that adjustments be made at all points of operation. Guards should be set close enough that women's smaller hands cannot enter the openings. Height of benches, distances away from piece parts, and foot pedals or hand con trols should be reset to conform to the generally shorter stature and reach of women. Injuries sometimes result because personal protective equipment for women is neglected. Women require the same safety features in protec tive clothing and equipment as men, but greater attention to appearance is important, as many women will resist the use of garments that are unnecessarily ugly. Although this may seem merely a feminine foible, thoughtful safety men have capitalized on vanity as a means of promoting the safety pro gram. Suppliers recognize this and offer safety .clothing and equipment styled so it will be acceptable to women. Work clothing for women should be comfortable and appropriate to the job and, wherever possible, should be attractive--again for psy chological reasons. Suitable dresses, uniforms and smocks are available and, where skirts are a hazard, slacks and coveralls are used. Women's work shoes should con form to standards that apply to men --adequate in weight, comfortable and well-fitting--and should be equipped with safety toes where hazards so indicate. High heels should be discouraged, since women usually are more susceptible to falls than men. Feminine Foibles Two hazards peculiar to women are to be considered where moving machinery is involved--the wearing of jewelry, and loose, flowing hair. These are overcome by the use of hair nets or caps, and by establishing a rule that no jewelry can be worn on the job. Stature and strength of women must be considered when jobs are assigned and work operations are laid out. Particular attention should be paid to lifting. Women should be trained in proper lifting methods, just as men workers are, and their limita tions must be remembered. The Women's Bureau reports that a gun factory, after thorough tests in an excellent job analysis, set the weight limit at 18 pounds in repeated oper ations, with a top limit of 35 pounds for occasional lifting. Many changes in work operations to prevent fatigue for women work ers have proved doubly profitable because of increased efficiency. Re designing job methods to permit sit ting in a rubber products plant operation enabled 16 girls to do the work formerly done by 20. An air craft plant suspended an air-oper ated wrench, too heavy for a woman to lift, and she found she could then operate two simultaneously, instead of one handled previously by a pian. Sanitary facilities are important --To page 78 National Safety Newt, March, 1954 73 a little thing like a salt tablet* can prevent a big thing like accidents It's an established fact that as the heat curve goes up, so does the accident rate. Salt sweated out must be replaced, or else your workers become easy victims of beatfatigue. When this happens, care lessness results and costly accidents can occur. *Morton Yellow Impregnated Salt Tdblets combat this safety threat easily, safely and inexpensively. Their controlled ac tion gives immediate reliefwithoutcausing nausea, as each salt crystal is thoroughly impregnated by a special patented proc ess that controls the tablet's rate of dis solving. In this way, salt is replaced immediately, but at a gradual rate. Morton Patented Impregnated Salt Tablets are included in a new Disposable Dispenser. A plastic and a heavy-duty aluminum dispenser are also available, as are plain salt tablets. IP your local safety equipment dis tributor cannot supply you, write: MORTON SAIT COMPANY D.pt. N-AI3, 120 So. La Sail. St. Chicago 3, Illinois Approved by Safety Engineers... % HAWS $ EYE-WASH FOUNTAIHS offer a way to more adequately protect employees' eyesight and avoid costly insurance claims... by providing a safe method for workers to flush injurious chemicals and particles from their own eyes immediately-- before greater damage can be done! And, wherever there is danger of workers' hands, face or clothing being contaminated by acids or caustic chemicals-- install HAWS Emergency Drench Shower Equipment. Cost is negligible. Ask your plumbing contractor, or write today for complete information. HAWS DRINKING FAUCET CO. 1439 FOURTH STREET BERKELEY 10, CALIFORNIA 74 Washrooms and Lockers --From page 56 Exposure to toxic substances ^ | for extra precautions to prevent (jrfgerous materials being carried av,? on clothing. Separate lockers pr'' vent contact* between street ^ work clothes. 'Jhey should pref?f` ably be in separate rooms %i)j shower stalls between them. In such plants supervised wasW periods and shower baths are portant safeguards. Sloping tops prevent their use f0! storage. Dust is conspicuous aijj easier to remove than with flattopped lockers. Built-in lockers extending to th* ceiling avoid dust-catching surfaces Lockers should be at least fout inches off the floor to permit flushing the floor without wetting the con. tents of the lockers. Forced ventilation supplied through perforations in the bottom of the lockers or through louvers in the doors is helpful in removing odors. If the work is heavy or wet, circulation or heated air through the lockers is desirable. Lockers in which oil-soaked cloth ing, waste, or newspapers are kept create a serious fire hazard. Lockers should have solid, fire-resisting sides and backs, but doors should have louvers for ventilation. Employees should not be permitted to leave clothing or rags saturated with oil or paint in lockers. Locker rooms should be fire-resistant, separated by fire walls from the main building. Baskets and hangers on elevating chains are used instead of lockers in some industries, such as mines and foundries. Damp work clothing can be dried out between shifts and the drying is often hastened by steam coils at the ceiling. Such an arrangement conserves floor space. Rest Rooms A rest room should be provided in all establishments where 10 or more women are employed. Where there are fewer women and a sep arate .room is not available, suitable space, properly screened, should be provided. For 10 women, minimum space is 60 square feet, with at least 2 square feet for each additional woman em ployee. For less than 100 women at least one bed or couch should be provided; for 100 or 250 workers, 2 beds, and 1 bed for each additional 250 workers. National Safety News, March, 1954 section j--industrial neu<< ki^Mieou^ CLEAR PLASTIC The attractive, sanitary, low-cost dis penser that has captured the fancy of industrial buyers and men-in-the shop , . . the Fairway "Crystal" dispenser. Tablets are sealed in at our plant . . . and there is no re-filling ... no serv icing! Cost of the "Crystal" is so low, the dispenser Is discarded when empty. Available in 500 or 1,000 tab let size. Write today for information on the "Crystal" dispenser. ULtter 1-1700 ALL-METAL Guaranteed five years against me chanical failure, StaSafe metal dis pensers are rugged . . . sanitary . . . and easy to operate. Made of corro sive-resistant alloy, they are designed for the heavy demands of busy plants. They come equipped with lock and key. Write in today for information on StaSafe "Midget" (600 tablet cap.) and "Junior" (1,500 tablet cap.) dis pensers. OPAQUE PLASTIC Fairway moisture, dust and corrosion resistant dispensers minimize the dan ger of contamination. Quick-Lock-Top makes re-filling a pleasure ... in just seconds a new supply of tablets is ready for use. No wasted time ... no stoppage in the supply of salt when it's needed the most. Write in today for information on Fairway "Midget" (350 tablet cap.) and Fairway "Junior" (1,500 tablet cap.) dispensers. FAIRWAY SALT TABLETS Fairway Enteric Coated salt tablets meet all rigid govern ment specifications! This coating prevents the tab let from dissolving prematurely and causing the all-too-familiar sickness and ill effects suffered by many. Enteric coated salt tablets are available in pure salt or combi nation tablets containing salt and dextrose. Write in today for price list and bulletin on all Fairway salt tablets. ' STANDARD SAFETY EQUIPMENT COMPANY 2 3 2 WEST ONTARIO STREET CHICAGO 10, ILLINOIS NEWARK 4, N. J. 591 BROADWAr CLEVELAND 10, OHIO 855 EAST 151nd ST. LOS ANGELES 16, CAL 1951 CRENSHAW ILVD. National Safety Nows, March, 1954 75 Section 3-lnduiirial Htalth Engineering Wire from Washington By HARRY N. ROSENFIELD Washington Counsel, National Safety Council SAFETY on the nation's highways and airways seems to have had special interest for the members of Congress during the early weeks of the Second Session of the 83rd Congress. Highways The basic legislative fact con fronting Congress in connection with highways is that under present law the Federal excise tax on gasoline falls back from its present rate of 2c to 114c, on April 1, 1954. The President, in his State of the Union Message and in his Budget Message, recommended that this gasoline ex cise tax, among others, "be con tinued at present rates, so that maximum progress can be made to overcome present inadequacies in the interstate highway system" and in order "that an expanded highway program can be undertaken." Another factor of some importance is the report which is due by March 1, 1954 from the Commission on Inter-Governmental Relations set up by Congress. The President re vealed, in his State of the Union Message, that this Commission is likely to make recommendations on the financing of highway construc tion as one of the major items in its study of Fed -al aid to the states. In the r mgress itself, bills have already been introduced in this gen eral area. H.R. 7179 (Dondero) would continue in effect the taxes on gasoline and diesel fuel at the present rate of 2c per gallon. Another and supplementary ap proach is represented by four bills concerning the amount of Federal grants to states for highway con struction. H.R. 7124 ( Mack) and H.R. 7207 (Scudder) would authorize an increase of 50 per cent in Federal highway grants. This would mean an increase of $287,500,000. The sponsor's stated purpose of the bill is to implement the President's recommendation to retain the ex cise tax on gasoline at 2c, by pre venting the diversion of gas-tax revenues to non-highway purposes. H.R. 7678 (Watts) would,increase Federal highway grants by $250,000,000 annually for two years. 76 In the Senate, Senator Case, Chairman of the Senate Public Works subcommittee on roads, in troduced S. 2859, to increase Federal aid for highways to slightly more than one billion dollars a year for two years, an increase of $188,000,000 annually. This bill would also make administrative funds available to the Bureau of Public Roads for safety engineering. It also would authorize the Commissioner of Public Roads to assist in carrying out "the action program of the President's Highway Safety Conference and to cooperate with State highway departments and other agencies in this program to advance the cause of safety on the streets and highways." Motor Vehicles Several regulatory bills were in troduced. H.R. 7287 (Cole) would forbid the use or shipment in inter state commerce of motor vehicles intended for highways, unless such vehicles were equipped with speed governors limiting the speed to 65 miles per hour. H.R. 7468 (Bennett), H.R. 7471 (Cederberg) and H.R. 7513 (Bent ley) would amend the Interstate Commerce Act to authorize the regulation, for purposes of safety, of notor carrier transportation be tween points in foreign countries, insofar as such transportation takes place within the United States. Marine Safety S. 2818 (Bricker) deals with the' biennial inspection of hulls and boilers of cargo vessels, and H.R. 7066 (Ray) provides for additional safeguards to assure the safety of persons carried for hire on motorboats not exceeding 65 feet in length. Industry H.R. 7553 I Elliott) would set up a Commission on the Coal Industry, composed of 13 members, to investi gate "the conditions and problems of the coal industry," and to report to the President and the Congress, within one year, its recommenda tions for "a healthy and progressive coal industry." The Commission would be specifically authorized study "the existing and prospect^ employment conditions of coal tnj^' ers, including . . . safety factors. Congressional Investigations The Senate has passed S. Res. ^ making $115,000 available to tbj Senate Comhiittee on Interstate aj^j Foreign Commerce "to make a and complete study and investigj, tion" of, among other matters, civjj aeronautics, domestic surface traps, portation and maritime matters Committee plans fpr this study hav. not yet been released. Airplanes Legislative attention seems to have been focused on reorganization of Federal agencies in this field. S. 2647 (McCarran) is a 177-page bill completely redrafting the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938. It would create an independent Civil Aero nautics Authority of seven members appointed by the President, with Senate confirmation, and also an independent Air Safety Board of five members, also appointed by the President, with Senate confirmation. This bill is more extensive than the earlier S. 8 introduced by the same sponsor. The Committee on Inter state and Foreign Commerce an nounced that the first of public hearings on S. 2647 will be held on March 1. On the floor of the Senate, this same Senator protested the abolition of the position of Aviation Safety Division Chief in the CAA. H.R. 6895 (Hinshaw) would abol ish the Civil Aeronautics Board and substitute for it a Civil Aeronautics Commission of five members, to be independent of the Secretary of Commerce. It would also abolish the position of Administrator of Civil Aeronautics and substitute in its place an Undersecretary of Com merce for Air Services, who would have responsibility, subject to the Secretary of Commerce, for all the functions and duties of the Secre tary relating to aeronautics, air commerce, airports and navigational aids. The Civil Aeronautics Board's Draft Release 53-25, indicates its proposal to amend the Civil Air Regulations by making it manda tory to install by September 30, 1954, high intensity, anti-collision lights on all aircraft weighing more than 12,500 pounds, and requiring the use of such lights from sunset to sunrise. The Board feels this pre caution would "contribute material ly to the safety of night operations." The CAB invited comments on MfiftAnnl **----*- Section 3--Industrial Health Engineering every worker's lips You can't repeat your safety messages too often. And a good way to get in several extra licks a day is to use Continental's Safety Slo gan hotdrinkcups. Each attractive cup delivers two practical safety messages that are brief, right to the point, and not a bit preachy. And these messages reach your worker at snack or meal times when he is relaxed and friendly. QUICK DATA: Safety slogan cups are available in 6-, 8-, and 12-oz. sizes. Made of virgin pulp with double-wrapped sidewalls that won't leak... keep hot liquids really hot. Series of three cups (two messages to each cup) packed in rotation for variety. Safety engineers from many plants where Safety Slogan cups are regularly used tell us these little messages from "Oscar the Life-Guard" are particularly acceptable to workers. They can help you put your points across too. Ask your paper jobber for hill details or write Continental today. Paper Container Division 349 Oraton St., Newark 4, N. J. BOSTON PHILADELPHIA CLEVELAND CHICAGO NEW YORK KANSAS CITY ATLANTA LOS ANGELES SAN FRANCISCO National Safety News, Mareh, 1954 JT Section 3--lndustriat Health Engineering Save up to 85% of washroom costs with new, faster drying Sani-Dri hand and hair dryers. No buying and storing of paper towels ... no monthly service fee for doth towels. Sani-Dri reduces maintenance over head and provides 24-hour, automatic dry ing without mess and clutter. Washrooms are more sanitary with no towel waste and no fire hazard. AH Sani-Dri models carry the Underwriter's seal of approval and full 2 year guarantee! Only Sani-Dri--The Original Electric Dryer, Offers So Many Exclusive Features! No other dryer offers all the advantages of SantDrf. No other dryer gives you as complete a line of models to choose from for your particular wash room requirements. HERE'S PROOF You, too. Can Save with Sani-Dri! WRITE TODAY FOR NEW ILLUSTRATED FOLDER! Manufactured and Guaranteed By THE CHICAGO HARDWARE FOUNDRY CO. ``Dependable Since 1897' 1034 Commonwealth Avenue. No. Chicago, III. 73 these proposed amendments, and received them from nine manufac turers, airlines or associations. These comments ranged from approval to disapproval. Some comments sug gested deferment of the effective date in order, among other reasons, to enable further work on problems of design and installation of satis factory lights. The Board has the matter under consideration. Government Reorganization of Safety Functions Reorganization of the structure and functions of the Federal Gov ernment is under study by several official commissions established by the Congress or the Executive branch of the government. One unofficial report recently is sued on this general subject devoted a good deal of attention to the or ganization of safety functions within the Federal establishment. The Temple University Survey of Fed eral Reorganization was organized, and privately financed, in order to bring the first Hoover Commission report up to date '`and to prepare guidelines for continued reorganiza tion in the new Administration." It was set up as a bridge between the first Hoover Commission on govern ment reorganization, which operated under the Truman administration, and the present Hoover Commission On Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government, which is operating under the present admin istration. The Temple University Survey made a series of recommendations which would affect federal agencies involved in one way or another with safety: 1. Air Safety: The Survey recom mends that all functions relating to air safety should be transferred from the Civil Aeronautics Board to the Civil Aeronautics Administration, except that the Board should retain responsibility for the investigation of major aircraft accidents, and that the Board should be authorized, in an appeals procedure, to review the CAA's actions in connection with air safety rules. The Survey's ra tionale for this recommendation is as follows: "There is considerable confu sion in the orderly process of safety regulation and investigation which this change would probably cure and at least improve." 2. Motor and Railroad Safety: The Survey recommends transfer of motor carrier safety functions and railroad safety from the Interstate Commerce Commission to the Department of Com merce. Its justification for this proposal is that these functions "are essentially executive, not regulatory . . . (and) not suitably performed by the board type of organization." The survey suggests that "motor carrier functions rnt Interstate Commerce Commissi f be tied into related activities of bureau of Public Roads [of the ^ ment of Commerce]. Closer liaisop state highway and vehicular would also be possible." 0,11 3. Industrial Safety: The Survey r ommends (a) transfer of the Diyp of Industrial Hygiene from the pun] Health Service to the Department ' Labor; (b) consolidation into one C* reau within the tabor Department three presently separate bureaus, . Bureau of Labor Standards, the en's Bureau and the Bureau of prenticeship; and (c> creation witk the Department of ffie Interior of Minerals Service, which would consoi date and abolish the separate identity of six present bureaus including tL Bureau of Mines. 4. Federal Transportation Service,. The Survey recommends the creation of a unit called the Federal Transput, tation Services in the Department Q{ Commerce, under the jurisdiction of an Under Secretary for Transportation, This new unit would include the CAA the Bureau of Public Roads, the Mari time Administration and Maritime Board, the Coast Guard, the National 1 Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, [ the Office of Transportation and the De- 1 fense Air Transportation Administra- ! tion, . At the request of President Eisen hower. the Temple University Sur vey report was submitted to the President's Advisory Committee cn Government Organization. Although privately organized, the Survey's recommendations may therefore have more than unofficial status. Working Women --From page 73 to the morale of women workers. Properly equipped rest rooms, toilets and showers are necessary to their comfort and health, and of course, mirrors must not be overlooked. Work and Pregnancy With many married women at work, the effect of work on preg nancy is receiving much considera tion. The problem also involves questions of social adjustment, in dividual cases may need specific ad vice and treatment. In general, it is not constrict cd de sirable to employ women in . upa- tions that involve heavy In'iuu: and other strenuous work, or . -i.n.is standing or moving about 1 ; <tions involving expostno . ,-,.ic materials are also consul* > v'ra hazardous during preen.* with serious injury ha,m' k fis that require a good set balance should be avoid.-a women should have opi . Im !,| ,, prenatal care and suffi. before and after delivet \ if National Safety News 1954 Work Furniture Vacuum Insulated HOT FOOD, SOUP and l COFFEE CARRIERS i ^ BEGIN WHERE COOKING KETTLES AND COFFEE WELL-DESIGNED work furniture prevents much unnecessary fatigue. Work surfaces should be of correct height. Chairs should be adjusted to the needs of the individual. Alternate periods of sitting and standing at work reduce fatigue. Since this is not always practicable, furniture should be planned for maximum comfort and efficiency. Work benches. Height of work surfaces, such as benches, machines, tables and assembly lines is deter mined by whether the workers sit or stand. Another factor is whether hands or eyes are more important to the operation. Tilted or recessed tables facilitate some types of work. Seating. Height relationship be tween seat and work is important. j Workers differ quite widely in i height and proportions and seat height should be adjusted accord- i ingly. Following are essential qualities ; for factory chairs: | 1. Is it comfortable? ! 2. Is it safe? 3. Is it easily adjustable? 4. Is it economical to maintain? | 1 Leading industrial doctors advise immedi ate washing with plenty oi running water as the best first aid treatment for any chemical in the eyes. Records prove that washing with water for ten minutes or more, dose to the accident is necessary to seduce or eliminate eye damage. Forehead operation leaves hands free to open eyelids so water can be directed wher ever chemicals might be lodged. Sanitary white baked enamel bowl is resistant to most lumes. Over 500 industrial plant installations have been made to date. Write For Details. VALVE NEW Chain Operated EMERGENCY Quick Action Sell-Closing SHOWER A chair should provide back sup- j port. Without it the worker uses | much energy just sitting erect. The I back rest supports the back between | When you have hot foods, hot soup, hot coffee to be serviced a distance from your kitchens . . . THAT'S WHERE PORTABLE AerVoiD VACUUM INSULATED HOT FOOD AND LIQUID CARRIERS COME IN. | -- " AerVoiDs begin where cooking kettles and coffee urns, leave off. They provide a means by which the output of stationary cooking equipment can readily be frani> I | the lower ribs and the hips. A deep form-fitting seat, of the ; tractor, bucket, or western saddle i type, is better than one that is flat j G.P. M. quickest and most satisfac tory way to saturate a work er with gallons of water the Instant an accident occurs, to prevent a dis figuring burn--even a fatality. Special shower head, no holes to clog---can be used where unfiltered water prevails. Write For Details. ported and serviced at points distant from your kitchens . . . expediting service, saving time, money, labor. -- TM I AerVoiDs cost but a fraction of the cost of urns, steam tables, cooking kettles. Made of stainless steel, sanitary, high vacuum insulation (exclusive with AerVoiDs) that insures thermal efficiency to keep foods hot for servicing even miles from a central kitchen and with high retention of all the essential food elements and flavors as dem- onstrated by laboratory tests. | _ | -- I -- , s ] j j Not being anchored to one location, portable AerVoiDs open up immense new possibilities in expediting mass feeding. The only "com* plete line" of portable hot food servicing equipment on the market . . . sizes and types to feed thousands or |u$t a few. -- I Experienced mass feeding consultants to help you without cost. | ! I i j Write for illustrated price li$tN*54 Compare. See how much less portable AerVoiDs cost . . . how much you can save. Ij j j | VACUUM CAN COMPANY 19 SOUTH HOYNl AVENUE CHICAGO 1 1. ILLINOIS, L---------J Hand-propelled rotary magnetic sweeper removes small particles of iron and steel from doors. (Eriez Manufacturing Co.) DISFIGURING FACIAL CUTS, and burns.' NEW LOW COST B&A SAF-T-BAGS are widely used for the safe handling of glass bottles con* taining harmful chemicals; also the storage and recovery of expensive serums, biological*, and other costly products. Painful cuts, disfiguring bums, loss of eyesight or ven a fatality, do result from corro sive liquid splash and flying 5 PINT glass when unprotected bottles shatter. 1 GALLON Write For Details. 5 GALLON BENSON S ASS0CIATES.1NC. P. O. Box 7542, Dept. N.S., Chicago 80, 111. National Safely News, March, 1954 79 aecnon j--inaunnai necwn engineering or slightly curved. The seat should not touch the tendons and blood vessels on the back of the leg just above the knee. Too soft a seat is not desirable. Contour is more important than upholstery. Edges and comers should be rounded to avoid damage to clothing or injury to persons. F ut rungs shorter than the foot .sp< ad of the chair lessens possibility of tipping, particularly on the higher chairs. ' A posture chair must be adjusted to the individual's need or most of its benefits will be lost. The user should also be taught to sit properly. Fire Protection for Windowiess Plants Plants without exterior windows introduce new problems in fire fighting. These are more compli cated in multi-story buildings with combustible floors and roofs. Lack of access and delay in use of hose streams from outdoor hy drants may hamper extinguishment when there are no windows. An other difficulty is lack of ready means of smoke ventilation. Automatic sprinklers would ex tinguish an ordinary fire as in any other building. But, if the fire is shielded, or if sprinklers happen to be shut off. serious consequences are likely. Continuing liberation of heat and smoke make it difficult to locate and attack a fire. This is further com plicated when the lighting system is put out of service. If the fire reaches the stage where the building can not be entered, and if the building has combustible floors and roof, de struction is almost certain. Air-conditioning equipment should be arranged so that it can be used for smoke ventilation in case of fire. This is contrary to recommended practice for buildings of conven tional construction, where airconditioning fans are shut down at the start of a fire, and the area vented by opening doors and win dows. To ventilate by the air-condition ing system, it is necessary to pro vide: (a) louvers in outside walls which will open at low positive pres sures; (b) fire dampers in return duct systems arranged for automatic closing by thermostats or photo electric cells in ease of fire. With such an arrangement and fans run ning, smoke will be forced out through the louvers. Additional exits for person^ I means of access for firemen 6fl<j streams may be necessary. Al standpipes for 2^-inch hose in wells or just inside fire escape'I cess doors, and water-flow ajj-f on all sprinkle risers shouljjp provided. ^ Fire brigades, both company k city, should be well drilled !j/ should know what to expect ' fighting fires in windowless, J' conditioned areas. Their equips' should include smoke masks . portable lights. ^ Handling Chemicals Acids, alkalis and other corrosive require a variety of specialized han. dling apparatus. Devices inclnij, buckets, dippers, funnels, pitchers pumps and carboy inclinators. Bags "for carrying bottles of corro, sive liquids lessen the risk of aceidental breakage. The bag is of padded impermeable, acid-resistant material. Containers for bottles are available commercially. Materials used for equipment inelude rubber, neoprene, stainless steel, and certain types of plastic. These materials are of many types which differ quite widely in resist ance to corrosives. the ECONOMICAL solution to your smoking problem SIPCO DUNKING STATIONS Wo matter what you are now using as industrial smokers to solve your plant smoking problem, SIPCO DUNKING STATIONS will do a better job--at less cost! Why? Because SIPCO DUNKING STATIONS are specifically built from heavy, rust proof cast aluminum for hard industrial use --and abuse! They need not be replaced periodically because they will last a lifetime! YOUR PLANT SHOULD CONSIDER THESE ADVANTAGES Cigars, cigarets, matches, etc. are doused immediately. There is no smoldering--no fire hazard. SIPCO DUNKING STATIONS are the perfect solution--the economical solution to your plant smoking problem* Sipco Dunking Stations are the safest industrial smokers made--were specifically designed for this purpose. Sipco Dunking Stations promote the cause of Good House keeping and neatness by providing employees with the first suitable industrial smoker. Sipco Dunking Stations reduce wasted time caused by "sneak smoking." Sipco Dunking Stations will fit in perfectly whether yoUu ]permit smoking in restricted areas or over your entire PtVit. Unit y\o, 1--Heavy cast aluminum canister, at tractive metal sign, upright and heavy weighted has''., for use on floor aisles, etc. Unit No. 2--Same as Unit No. 1, except without base and upright. For walls, columns, etc. Unit No. 3--(Not Illustrated) Canister alone, >. uh mounting bracket Write Now tor Illustrated fofdov Which Gives Complete Details! STANDARD INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS CO. 116 SOUTH GARFIELD AVE., DEPT. S, PEORIA, ILLINOIS <0 National Safety News, M,.<i> 1U Eye Conservation f.gjjtlAIi operations expose ^to a var`ety ot hazards. Flying rf*' splashes of corrosive liquids tibj^ 'iten metals, dusts, and harmjiw ,Sj are among the causes of |lil injury<'>? :.,vies to the eyes result in a ^degree ot" disability and often b^.^enient. Cost per injury from standpoint of medical treatment ^hee- sCto4 m.pensation is high, and total 'oSt to employers and employees is oine eye hazards can be con ned at the source by means of ^closed processes and shields on quipment- Many eye injuries, howt?er, are causeh by casual flying Articles in occupations considered ^on-hazardous. for this reason, some companies iequire eye protection for all em ployees and for visitors. Many of inese companies have reported sub stantial savings through eyes saved, few accident prevention activities have produced such measurable re sults as eye protection. In prescribing corrective lenses for safety goggles or for ordinary spec tacles, the refractionist should be familiar with the job. It is particu larly important to know the distance of the working level from the eye. Corrective lenses. For visual de fects, the wearer may have the cor rection ground in heat-treated lenses, or cover goggles may be worn over spectacles. For most cases corrective goggles are preferable for optical reasons as well as convenience. Most prescrip tions can be ground in protective glass. Cover goggles are often preferred where a near-sighted person re quires deep minus lenses. These would be excessively thick at the edges and too thin for adequate pro tection at the center. Cover goggles also have advantages where the cor rection is complicated and expensive Better Vision A complete program of eye con servation includes both protection against injury and correction of visual defects which reduce efficien cy and increase liability to accident. Visual surveys. For pre-employ ment examinations and periodic re examinations there are devices which indicate the visual status of the individual. Manufacturers of this apparatus have prepared systems which use the data obtained from the tests in determining the fitness of the employee for various occupa tions. These tests may be given by trained laymen. Their purpose is to detect visual defects, not to prescribe correction. Those needing corrective lenses are referred to refractionists (ophthalmologists or optometrists) to be fitted with glasses. Cup type goggles for heavy duty. Spectacle type goggles with stdeshields. lenses would be subject to pitting on the job. Familiar types of cover goggles are the cup type with heat-treated glass lenses and the wide-vision type with plastic lenses. Types of Protection General types of protective equip ment for eyes and face include: 1. Goggles (safety glasses) 2. Face shields 3. Welding masks and helmets 4. Acid hoods These devices are available in many types for practically every oc cupation. The protective medium may be heat-treated glass, trans parent plastic, wire screen, or light filtering glass. Heat-treated lenses in spectacle frames, or cup goggles offer basic protection. The nature of the job and its eye hazards determine the specifications. Spectacle goggles are worn for light or moderately heavy work, such as grinding, machine work and assembling where working positions are not too close. National Safety N%ws, March, 1954 81 4 Section 4--Personal Protection The frame must be rigid enough to hold the lenses in proper position in front of the eyes. The nose bridge should be adjustable, or goggles should be available in enough sizes to fit various faces. Side shields of metal or plastic provide protection against light ob jects flying from the side. They should be used where operations are close together, or where employees work together on the same operation. Cup goggles are used for heavy grinding, machining, chipping, rivet ing, work with molten metals, and similar operations. The cup should be wide enough to protect the eye socket and distribute the impact from any blow over a wide area. The cup should be flame proof, corrosion resisting, and non irritating to the skin. Mask-type goggles, with frames of soft vinyl or rubber, offer protection against splashes of corrosive chemi cals and exposure to fine dust. This type is obtainable with lenses of heat-treated or untreated glass or acid-resistant plastic. Some types may be worn over spectacles. The ventilated types are less troubled by fogging. Dust goggles, leather mask type, for non-corrosive dusts, are made with heat-treated, untreated or filter lenses. Wire screen ventilators around the eye cup provide air cir culation. Miners' goggles of corrosionresisting wire screen are used for work underground and in other locations where fogging is a serious problem. The screen is coated a dull black to reduce reflection. Plastic lenses have qualities of optical glass in light transmission and freedom from distortion. They are light in weight and resist fog ging. They are useful for spotweld ing, as molten metal does not adhere to plastic as readily as to glass. They v withstand considerable impact but are marred or scratched more easily than glass. --To page 94 REFERENCES Personal Protection National Safety Connell Accident Prevention Manual fQf trial Operations. How Industry Protects Workers* Safety Reprint Gen. 2. National Safety News 1 Between Eyes and Danger--stAh, e Herbtne, July 1951, p. 28. ^| Safety Eyewear, Good Practice arid practice--Hedwig_ S. Kuhn, M. $q Vj' 1950, p, 34. '* m Vision and Acc.dents--N. C. Kepw Joseph Tiffin-^Oct. 1950, p. 90, Sun Glasses, Facts and Fiction ; Victor A. Byrnes. Jan. 1951, p. 51, Tinted Optical Media--Safety t>. Gen. 31. They'll Wear Clean Respirator*^, 1950, p. 32. ** Good Customers for the Shoe Buju* --Oct. 1952, p. 122. When Can We Stop Guessing av. Safety Belts?--C, W. Rose, Oct. 1948, p 7* Your Hands and Feet--Thomas B. iw* son, June 1949, p. 32. Rays That Injure Eyes--A. L, Knv. M. D,( Feb. 1954, p. 22. Protection Against Contaminated Atov, pheres--Benjamin F. Postman, Nov io< p. 24. 8SJ Gas Masks for Peace Time--G, M. Glv< den, Jan. 1953, p. 20. What Good Vision Can Do for Manaw ment--Robert Clair, Feb., 1953, p. 30. American Standards Assn. Protection of Head, Eyes and Respirator* Organs, Safety Code for, 22-1938. fH&rm, book H24, National Bureau of Standard*! Under revision. Women's Industrial Clothing--LlS-im* Series. Protective Occupational (Safety) Clothin* --L18-1944 Series, Protective Occupational Footwear, Men's and Women's--Z41-1944 Series. Identification of Gas Mask Canisters-- K13.1-1950. TYPES OF PROTECTION TYPES OF EXPOSURE (National Bureau of Standards Handbook H24) Heavy impact, large particles--Chipping, calking, some r.-eting operations, sledging in quarries. Moderate impact, protection from dust and small flying par ticles--Scaling and grinding metals, stone dressing where quartz is not involved, some woodworking operations. Metal sparks and spatter--Electric spot and butt welding where there is no exposure to excessive energy or excessive glare. Splashing metal--babbitting, pouring lead joints for pipes, casting hot metal, dipping in hot metal baths. Splashing liquids--Handling acids and caustics, dipping in galvanized tanks, some japanning operations. Reflected light and glare--Long exposure to light reflected from snow, water, roads, etc.; incidental glare from furnaces, working near acetylene welding, etc. Injurious radiant energy--moderate reduction in visible radiant energy--Oxyacetylene welding and cutting. Injurious radiant energy--Large reduction of visible radiant energy. S2 tU/Jl d 0 0 0 Ua3. tunt d< 0Ua.I (QA Ui Xin Uai UmQIt sin >UUII 0 tn < a. UI 5 UI <0ife U 5<* a. a UI VXA z UKI 0(A UUI i <UAI do oo 2u- oo oo Q o oz Z3ui XX X X XX XXX X XX X X XXX X XX X X X National Safety Newt, March, 1954 r^iVE s eyeA SAVERS Section 4--Personal Protection H^tflPtN&SO&0t? Soft Vinyl Frame form-fits face for greater comfort, better protection. illustrated is Model 492 with No. 5 Shade perfectly matched glass filter lenses. Lens Holder (fight) is of heavy flexible opaque plastic with lens pockets which hold lenses tight in perfect position for best vision. Lenses are easily removed and replaced. A Position Lock Bar secures lens holder in frame. Eye * Savers perfectly matched lenses are Standard 50 mm. Federal Specification Glass Filters available in shades No. 3, 4, S or 6. Hard plastic cover lenses .020" thick protect the glass filters and wearer inside and out. Outside cover lens is easily changed with* out disturbing the lenses. e^* The New Light-Tight STAC-VENT ventilation which drafts-off moist air from inside the goggle to eliminate fogging now permits adaptation of these modern, safer soft vinyl frame Eye Savers to welding applications. SAFER because the soft vinyl form-fits comfortably to the contours of the face and nose -- dosing all gaps. MORE COMFORTABLE because of light weight and soft fit next to the skin and because cover goggle design provides easier vision. MORE FLEXIBLE because lenses are easily changed or re placed, because lens holder is easily replaced. And StacVent Eye Savers are wide enough to fit over the largest prescription frames. FOR STAND-BY PR0TFCTI0N IN ARC WCIDING ARIAS MODEL 490 STAC-VENT Opaque black, soft vinyl frame furnished with replaceable (in terchangeable with lens holder) medium green (S3) or dark green (G5) methacrylate lens. These lenses are shatterproof, will not pit, and will resist heavy impact (.080" thick). Methacrylate Eye Saver lenses absorb sufficient ultra-violet rays to provide protection in welding areas, but not for direct arc welding. Also sufficient to provide full protection from the less intense glare of gas welding or cutting. Lightweight -- comfortable -- Low Cost Protection. MODEL 425 "VISOR-TUC" Almost 100% protection in a light weight comfortable spectacle with over-eyes visor protection and semi-cup side shield protection. Furnished with medium green (G3) or dark green (G5) metha crylate lenses (same as above), ideal for wearing under welding helmet and for working in welding areas. Replaceable lenses snap-in-out; available in clear and light green shatterproof metha crylate as well. Retrax temple telescopes to perfect fit and easy comfort. "Visor-Tucs" weigh slightly over an ounce. See Your Authorized Eye Savers Supplier, or write direct for full Information on the New MODEL 492 and other modern Eye Savers WATCHEMOKET OPTICAL CO., INC. 234 West Exchange St., PROVIDENCE 3, R. I. In Canada: Levitt-Safety Limited, Toronto 10, Montreal 26 National Safety News, March, 1954 63 National Safty New., March, 1954 Section 4--Personal Protection It could have been his eye... BAL' SAFE MAKE THE DIFFERENCE Your foresight may save a man his eyesight. The accident blow is sudden! Whether the result is an injured eye, or merely a cracked lens --it happens in a flash. Then the person respon sible for eye safety is either on the spot---or to be congratulated. Safety directors who specify Bausch & Lomb Bal-SAFE lenses rest assured they're providing the most dependable eye protection available. Impact resistance to an extraordinary degree is built into Bal-SAFE lenses through a precision controlled heat treating process that radically changes and strengthens the glass structure. Every lens exceeds the U. S. Bureau of Standards re quirements for impact resistance. Of finest quality ophthalmic glass, coming from the world-famous Bausch & Lomb Glass Plant, they're made to the same rigid specifications as regular ophthalmic lenses. For workers who wear or need prescription glasses, professionally prescribed Bal-SAFE lenses ground to individual requirements increase safe ty, comfort and efficiency. Swift, accurate, de pendable laboratory service is available in your area. The Bausch & Lomb representative in your area will be glad to show you the complete line of Bausch & Lomb Safety Eyewear. Call him to day, or write for catalog: Bausch & Lomb Optical Company, 90327 Smith Street, Rochester 2, N. Y. BAUSCH & LOMB National Sofoty Newt, March, 1954 8 sr *. m *.4-. .* i,-. "a- * 'NOW! A Complete Line of AT?'- -- s.,, -J*-' * ~ Jfr- r K:**Ssfe' `Ki ''"A `% . J '3; + >KI' I .>>< r/fe i? *vfe*j3 ^ ... ' Rift iiaag Because Workers Wear Them! There's one simple, practical reason why USSSCO equipment helps so many plants set safety records. That is because workers will wear USSSCO equipment! Every USSSCO item is painstakingly designed, carefully manufactured and exhaustively tested to assure the most desirable combination in safety equip ment . . . protection plus comfort. Comfort is the key to safety because it guaran tees worker acceptance. As a pioneer in the use of lightweight plastics, USSSCO has long demonstrated its understanding of this vital fact. Its continuous search for greater protection with greater comfort is your assurance that USSSCO will always be working for you to make safety work. If you have any safety problems, solve them to day by writing for complete information on USSSCO equipment, or contact your nearby USSSCO sales of fice listed in the classified section of your telephone directory. ,t. .,, 5**# JF Working for You to Make Safety Work Hi'fk *, . r`-yS:7 * 'jaL H iq Ev - - UNITED STATES SAFETY SERVICE CO. KANSAS CITY 6, MISSOURI K/e&A-fyua/u/ Acetate Frame Spectacle Goggles STYLE No. H20 Featherweight Plastic Goggles Clear and Green STYLE No. 1050 PROTECTIVE PRODUCTS We&k-tfuaMf Welders Fiberglass Helmet STYLE No. 700-3-C Wefa/o-tyttct/Mf Featherweight Plastic Goggles Clear and Green STYLE No. 1060 WELSH1925 MANUFACTURING COMPANY 11 Magnolia Street Providence, R. I. National Safely Newi, March, 1954 89 UCion 4-F.r.onol Fro,.dion ijAirt, wft, aw SAFE! *0>. ^ v>w n** ?od W co*'a ** Look at your goggles -- Do they have a Ks etched in the lens? If they do, you can go about your work secure in the knowledge that your eyes are getting the finest protection against industrial hazards that modern science can devise. Other KIMBALL Safety Products EYE PROTECTION: Spectacle Goggles, Weld ing Goggles, Composition Goggles, Sideshields. HAND PROTECTION: GLOVES: Welder's, As bestos, Steel Stitched. MITTENS: Welder's, Asbestos, St^el Stitched. BODY PROTECTION: CLOTHING: Wool, Flame-Proofed Cotton. LEGGINS and SPATS: Leather, Asbestos, Flame-Proofed Cotton. APRONS: Leather, Asbestos, Flame-Proofed Cotton. imball SAFETY PRODUCTS COMPANY 9310 Wade Park Avenue Cleveland 6, Ohio 90 Natietnnl Section 4--Persona/ Protection WHETHER YOU USE PLASTIC OR METAL FRAMES fiefeeud rut SPECTACLE. TYPE m SAFETY GOGrGLES Model 707 -- With flexible cable temples. Model 707S -- Side shields; cable temples. Model 707P -- Spatula temples, wire reinforced. Model 707C -- Rocker pads; cable lemples. Model 707R -- Rocker pads; spatula temples. Model 220 -- Rocker pads; basic frame for series. Model 220W -- With wire screen side shields. Model 220C -- With clear acetate side shields. Model 220G -- With green acetate side shields. Model 220L -- With leather side shields. The many combinations of Penoptic spectacle type safety goggles fill the eye protection needs of many industrial operations. Both the plastic and metal frame goggles are constructed to meet the most rigid tests. The clear or green safety lenses exceed all Federal Lens Specifications for protection from impact and glare hazards. All models are quick to win worker acceptance with their distinctive personal appearance, light weight and many other comfort features. Penoptic's manufacturer-to-you distribution lowers your cost of worker protection and assures a closer association with the people directly responsible for product performance. For Full Information And Prices Write Direct To Pennsylvania Optical Co., Reading, Pa. P S NOPIIC Boston, Mass. Los Ang*ls, Cal. SALES REPItilNTATIVES IN - ' ' i. , n- Buffalo, N. Y. Cltvtland, Ohio . 1 Pittsburgh, Pa, Rsading, Pa. THESE AREAS , Dttrort, Mkh. San Francisco. Cal. PENNSYLVANIA OPTICAL COMPANY | REArDTNG, Pf NNJYtVANfA CfCnottm tjfet* SPince 4886 National Safety New*, March, 1954 9? YOU GET COMFORT PLUS SETTER EYE PROTECTION MODEL 441 with Acetate Lens FOR LIGHT IMPACT Contains all the features of Model 440 except the lens is laminated acetate - optically perfect - light and comfortable to wear. MODEL 440 with Methacrylate Lens FOR HEAVY IMPACT SOFT VINYL FRAME --FITS OVER LARGEST f!/ PRESCRIPTION GLASSES Extra-soft plastic frame with soft nose flange form-fits snugly, yet comfortably, around facial contour . . . closes the gaps around nose and cheeks. EXTRA WIDE REPLACEABLE LENS The optically perfect, shatterproof methacrylate lens provides full protection against the heaviest impact. Lens is extra wide for picture-window vision. Improved metal lock bar holds lens tightly in frame. Frame acts as bumper to prevent scratching lens when laid face down. VENTILATION AND COLOR STYLES Available with standard ventilation shown in Model 440 (above) or screen ventilation shown in Model 441 (left) or no ventilation. Lens colors: Clear or light, medium and dark green. CHEEPEE This low-cost, one piece acetate goggle provides safe, light-weight, com fortable eye protection. Exceeds federal specifica tions. Available in clear or medium green. Qualify Eye Protective Equipment METHASPEC Model 55 Here is a low cost, shatterproof methacrylate eye shield, ideal for a visitor's goggle. Easy lens angling and Retrax temple adjustments assure perfect fit. Available in clear or light or medium green. Made by the Leaders in Plasties WATCHEMOKET OPTICAL CO., INC. 232 West Exchange St., Providence 3, R. 1. In Canada: Levitt-Safety Limited, Toronto 10. Montreal 26 92 National Safety Nr.i 1954 Section 4--Personal Protection QUALITY AT LOWER COST WITH THE EYE SAVERS LINE! TUC-AWAY Model 415 for Lightweight Comfort SPLIT JOINT SPREADS APART FOR EASY LENS REPLACEMENT No need for special heaters. A simple operation, and lenses are quickly removed and easily inserted. All parts are stand ard and replaceable at low cost. DOUBLE NOSE-BRIDGE DESIGN GIVES EXTRA STRENGTH Bridge fits comfortably ON the nose at the geometric center between the eyes. No adjustment is needed. One size elim inates extra stock. TWO FRAME SIZES AVAILABLE to hold 45 x 48 mm and 42 X 44 mm standard safety lenses. RETRAX TEMPLES shown be low are standi, d. EYE SAVERS "RETRAX" TEMPLES are easily adjusted to fit any head. All Eye-Savers Spectacles are available equipped with new. ^ PUSH IN ' Kflht weight plastic Retrax tem- J ptes that telescope in or out for J? perfect fitting. Plastic "ball- p chain" hook design fits comfort ably over the cartilage In back of ears and is self ventilating. Quality Bye Protective Equipment ... comfortable and attractive. Shatterproof, optically perfect, methacrylate lenses provide safe protection. Universal nosebridge fits every face. SNAP THREE LENS STYLES EASILY REPLACED: Snap-out, Snap-in j.Qyr .ty \ . x-- All methacrylate lenses absorb 96 to 100' r of harmful ultra-vioiet rays. Available in clear or infra red absorbing light, medium or dark green. Available in lens styles shown below. Q> SEMI-CUP LENS FULL 1" SIDE SHIELD for side and for complete .ide bottom protection protection REGULAR SIDE SHIELD for minimum side protection RETRAX TEMPLES are standard on the Tuc-Awav. Model 415 ( Plastic Retrax) Model 412 (Metal Retrax). Also available with club temple Model 410. Obtain complete details from your nearest authorized EYE SAVERS Jobber or write direct. Sew catalogs and prices are now available. Made by the Leaders in Plastics - t "TUC-AWAT* *MftA*Cr-fT'' .i.MUAtw.tfNS'ry MtAVY DUTY IACS SHIELD J- WATCHEMOKET 232 West Exchange St., PROVIDENCE 3, R. I. ^ National Safely News, March, 1954 OPTICAL CO., INC. in Canada: Levitt-Safety Limited, Toronto 10, Montreal 26 93 Section 4--Person/ Protection mem... before your Eyes! \ J MI / () ~ No. 374 / No. 380 Sidoshield Comfort-Bridge Goggle Comfort-Bridge Goggle Now, CISCO Comfort-Bridge Goggles have new symmetrical tip temples which are interchangeable-bright or left. These new temples are better looking and have greater strength at the endpiece joint where breakage usually oc curs. That's because the flat bar of the temple is at a right angle to the tip. Attractive flesh-colored plastic insulators are easy to replace. Closed end keeps shaft from poking through. Workers like to wear CESCO Safety Goggles with these new temples. Re pairs are easier, service costs lower. They're ''RIGHT... before your Eyes. '* Send TODAY for CESCO literature fed c/i s clo | CHICAGO KYK SHIKIO COMPANY-2306 Wsrran Sogiavarrf, Chicago 12, Illinois CESCO FOR SAFETY OFFICES IN; Artonfo, lirwwifham, lotion, tuftalo. CnctnMK, Cltv*lon<f, Colvrabot, DaKai, Coil Oranft, Hswtion, Widioflopoin, KanMt City. KnotvtUo. lint* Rock, lot Angtloi, Miico Gty D. F,, MRwawkto, Maatrtai, F*eoc, kMadtlpkia. ftmbvfjh, Soli lok Gfy, Son fronoteo, ipokono, St looit, St Ravi, lotcrfe, futia, Wich/fo Eye Conservation --From page 82 I j Important considerations. Ease ] cleaning and sterilization is essentia | Most types on the market meet th^ j requirements. Goggles should be fitted as close ^ the eyes as possible without tou^, ing the eyelashes to give the wides( possible angle of vision. : Minimum permissible size for ovaj .lenses is 44.5 mm. in the vertical i dimension and 48 mm. in the hori. | zontal. Round lenses should he 5(j | mm. in diameter. . | Lenses should have no appre. j ciable distortion or prism effect. I Strength of heat-treated lenses | (resistance to impact) should conI form to specifications of the Federal i Standard Stock Catalog, the Gov ernment's official purchasing guide j Specification GGG-G-G-501B. Harmful Rays Glass which filters out harmful ultraviolet and infrared rays is avail able in many types of goggles, face < shields and helmets. These filter lenses are worn for welding and cut EYEthe "greatest" protection and comfort EYEGARD COVER GOGGLES fit over the largest prescription glasses 'OVCBrX?*** -*>22 d* fields New Eyegard Imperial Goggles provide the maximum in protection and comfort | . . . the most desirable features of any | cover goggles on the market today. Compare their quality and design . . , then compare their cost and see why you get I more for less with Eyegards, Avoid sub- j "sfitution, insist on Eyegard imperial Gog gles. Write for literature and prices. /,// tookdMhese features ' * Uses standard 50 MM round lenses * 22 % larger than ordinary goggles * More ventilation through cup slots -- no fogging of lenses * feather-weight aluminum rims and side shields * Face shaped contour to fit snugly, comfortably * Available with or without metal ad justing top bar AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL SA FETY EQUIPMENT COMPANY 3501 LAKESIDE AVENUE CLEVELAND 14, OHIO Division of Tht Bordttf Oxy gen Company, CteveJencf, Ohio ting, furnace and boiler observation ; and other operations where there | are high temperatures and excessive j glare. ! Didymium glass is used for pro; tection against bright yellow enj countered in glass blowing and simi: lar operations. It is also useful for I some precision operations in laboj ratories. j Melter's goggles of cobalt blue j glass come in spectacle and cup I types in graded shades. Lenses with j color in the upper half and clear 1 glass in the lower half are also obj tamable. j Sun glasses are not effective ray filter glasses for most industrial ex- 94 National Safety News, March, 1954 o0sures. They are designed for pro tection against discomfort caused by iun glare. The better glasses con form to optical standards but many ,f the cheaper ones show consider able distortion. Welding helmets provide protec tion for the eyes and face under the severe conditions of arc welding. They are attached to headgear so tbey can be raised for placing the work. Impact goggles worn under tbe helmet provide protection when the helmet is raised. Helmets are made of dielectric fiber resistant to sparks, molten metal and flying par ticles, and having low heat con ductivity. Replaceable cover glass protects filter plate. Some helmets have a lift-front glass holder which permits rapid in spection of work without removing helmet. Welding hand shields are used on operations where a helmet is not practical, and on tack welding, set up work, inspection and time study work. .Construction is similar to welding helmets. Filter Lenses. The following shade numbers are listed in National Bu reau of Standards Handbook H24: No. 3--For protection against glare or reflected light, spot welding operations, light brazing. No. 4 or No. 5--Light acetylene cut ting and burning. No. 6--General acetylene welding, or welder's helper or set up on arc weld ing. No. 8--Heavy acetylene welding or cutting, or very light arc welding. No. 10--Arc welding up to 250 am peres. No. 12--Arc welding of more than 250 amperes, atomic hydrogen welding. No. 14--Carbon arc welding. Goggles are available in shades up to No. 8; higher numbers in helmets. Heat-treated cover lenses can be provided to protect filter lenses against pitting and scratching. Heattreated filter lenses are also avail able. Face Shields Face shields of transparent plastic give eye and face protection on such jobs as metal sawing, working with chemicals, buffing, sanding, light grinding, bottle manufacturing, etc. They should not be used for weld ing, heavy grinding to severe impact is necessary. Shields may be worn over spectacles. Wire mesh screens are used for pouring low-melting point metals, as in babbitting. The mesh stops splashes of metal and allows better ventilation than a solid shield. --To page 97 National Safety News, March, 1954 Section 4--Personal Protection IT TAKES MORE THAN A SALESMAN Once a worker slips on a face shield if has fo prove itself. No amount of arguing by the man who sold it is going to make that shield do a better job or make it more comfortable. * Yes, the mark of a good face shield is acceptance on the job . . . and that's where you will find StaSafe Face Shields .. . on the job . . . doing the job. Sweeping full face protec tion and floating comfort are the marks of StaSafe Shield No, 4, Friction swiv els and spring retaining clips provide instant ad justment* and speedy re ti r placement of acetate Font ^ Featuring a sturdy fiber half-dome, StaSafe Face Shield No, 5 slams the door on flying particles. Ratchet headgear on StaSafe Face shields al lows immediate, positive fitting to any one of 32 fractional head sizes. StaSafe Face Shield No.^ 1 IS (shown here| and No. 14 (without fiber half-dome) are mount ed on a Hinged-Offset headgear , , , they can be adjusted to both the head size and to the bump on the back of the head. STANDARD SAFETY EQUIPMENT COMPANY 232 WEST ONTARIO STREET CHICAGO 10, ILLINOIS NEWARK 4, N. J. 597 BROADWAY CLEVELAND 10. OHIO 855 EAST 15nd ST. LOS ANGELES 16, CAL. 5t CRENSHAW ELVD. 95 Section 4--Personal Protection J Seecloth CLEANS AND MISTP-ROOFS OTHER USES: WHAT SEECLOTH IS: SEECLOTH is a chemically treated fabric which when rubbed on glass both cleans and prevents fogging or misting. It has found use in industry as a convenient method for cleaning and preventing the fogging of goggles of workers who must protect their eyes in various industrial operations. ECONOMICAL: It is the most convenient and economical method known for this purpose. One piece (8" *9"! will last for a number of months when used on goggles or glasses. INCREASES WORKER SAFETY: The fact that the worker has the means for preventing misting of his goggles right on the job increases the safety of the operation since it reduces the temptation to continue to work with misted glasses. He can fogproof them without leaving his work. HOW TO USE SEECLOTH: SEECLOTH has also found use in pre venting misting of the inside of windshields in foggy or damp weather. Here also all that is necessary is to rub the dry or very slightly moistened glass surface with the dry SEECLOTH, Mist will then not form on the area that is rubbed. Other applications include its use on spectacles, mirrors, win dows, etc. HOW SEECLOTH IS PACKAGED 3" * 8" pieces (not individually packaged). Suitable for eye glasses and may be kept in the case with the glasses. 8" x 9" pieces (individually packaged in 31/2" * 6" polyethylene envelopes!. Suitable for goggles and masks and fits easily in the pocket of coveralls. 16" * 18" pieces (individually packaged in 5" x 10" polyethylene envelopes). Suitable for automobile windshields, household use, etc., and tits comfortably in the glove compartment of a ear or in the drawer of a kitchen cabinet. In addition to the standard sizes listed above, SEECLOTH will be cut to special sizes on order and is also available by the yard HYGIENE RESEARCH, INC. All that ts necessary is to wipe the dry or very slightly moistened glasses with the dry SEECLOTH and thus mistproof the glasses for a considerable period. 5JJ jfcy 664 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N. Y. 2704 S. HILL $T., LOS ANGELES, CALIF. Samples on request. Write Pent. N54-1. 'mem.ee before your Byes! NEW Mounting "SAFEPRON" !. HCA06IAR A. HllMIT B. PLASTIC SHillD C. SCMIN SHillD fAssemble Your Own Combinations' Items A, 6 and C can be used with either items 1 or 2 illustrated above to you can make six different combinations. The oldfashioned way you would buy a helmet and headgear, a shield and headgear, and so on until you had six combinations (twelve items) to do the same thing these five separate pieces will do. Save buying extra parts...nave money. On your next order specify CESCO inter changeable helmets and face shields. They're--"Right... before your Eyes/* Send TOOATI for Cra9CO iiteratvu* vM-r:'x S' CHICAGO CYC SHICIO COMPANY* 2306 Werrsn lutvarrf, Chkaa 12, IIKctab CESCO FOR SAFETY tvHato.OFFICES IN: AHent* Ewmingham- latlea, GacmomIi. Cleveland, Catwnbvt, Oeltat, Detroit, (tt OraAR*. Meviton. tftrfioiMpaht, Kaeeai City, Kiesnvile, Ltti# Rack, `.at Vieles. M**ios C*T 0. E* MKwavfcea. Montreal, feana, Nuladelptua, P.tttbu'g*', W< laia Cty. $* ftenoMe, baattene, leva, St. Favt, Tetede. Tvfta, WJe**a 96 NO STRINGS OR SNAPS "DON'T BE TIED TO AN APRON" SLIPS ON - PULLS OFF BLUE DENIM--$2.00 EA. (Sanforixed) ACID PROOF--$3,50 EA, , (No Poekats) 29"x40,,"Plus Postage Fet'd. U. S. end Canada MFG. AND SOLD BY GEO. H. BOWMAN, JR. SALEM, OHIO, U.S.A. National Safety News, March, 1954 gweatbands, worn across the forein hot, humid locations, help hefeVent fogging of goggles and spec tacle^on-fogging compounds, applied 0 the lenses, help to keep the glass clear. Hoods and Helmets Hoods (loose-fitting) and helmets d'iuid frame) of various types are w0in to protect the face and head against hazards which do not involve heavy impact. These are equipped with windows but goggles may be worn under- Many optical companies offer in struction in this work. Unless goggles are fitted properly there will be opposition to eye protection. Cleaning and sterilizing. Both goggles and spectacles become smudged and facilities for cleaning them on the job are desirable. Sta tions which dispense cleaning liquid and tissues encourage frequent cleaning. Goggles kept in stock and reissued to other employees should be cleaned and sterilized at frequent intervals. Goggles worn only by one person should receive the same care. Good Vision Near acuity. Ability to focus and see well with both eyes separately at a distance of 15 inches. This is the dis tance at which most machine and office work is done. Distance acuity. Ability to focus eyes for a distance of 20 feet or more. This is necessary t'or crane operators, jeep and truck drivers; railroading, for ex ample. Adequate field bf vision. Ability to see to both sides, and up and down, while focusing on a small target. Depth perception. Ability to judge space relationship. This is important for accuracy in almost any job. Jackson for Safety JACKSON Arc Welding HELMETS Plastfc face shield. neath. If toxic fumes, dusts or gases are encountered, an air line should be supplied. As these hoods are rather warm, an air line may also be desirable for comfort. Fabric hoods protect the wearer from nuisance dusts, paint spray, etc. Fire-resistant duck and asbestos hoods are used for varying degrees of exposure to heat, as in furnace and burning operations and fire fighting. Hoods and helmets of rubber, neo prene, plastic film, and fabric im pregnated with rubber or plastic provide protection against splashes of acids, caustics, organic solvents, etc. Not all of these materials are resistant to all exposures and the manufacturer should be consulted. High-compression molded of glass fiber thermo setting plastic, one-piece helmet shells hold their shape, resist high heat, high voltage, moisture and weld spatter. Extruded plastic headgear has padded sweatband and adjustable friction pivots that will permit helmet to float down without jolting, or stay in any desired position. Stationary Front Helmet H-l has light metal lens holder. Cover glass is replaced from the front by sliding it out, without disturbing other parts. Lift-Front Helmet, type H-2, per mits work inspection without raising entire helmet. Plastic lens holder has hinged door held by coil springs. Filter lens has cover glass, while a second clear glass stays in place when lift-front is opened. JACKSON UNIGOGGLE typeW-60 Administering the Program Supply and Distribution. In some companies the supply is kept in the main supply department. In larger plants a supply of goggles and repair parts may be kept in each shop. Some operate goggle carts with trained attendants who make the rounds, cleaning, adjusting, repairing and replacing goggles on the job. The first one-cup headrest goggle made for gas welding, cutting and brazing. Plastic lens frame bears gently but firmly against face. * Goggle pulls forward and up to clear various prescription glasses now used. It's worn slightly lower than other goggles for comfort. Lens is standard 2x4 }4 size in shades from 3 through 6, protected by a cover glass. Both are easy to replace. Fitting goggles. Prescription glasses should be fitted by a refractionist but fitting piano goggles also requires training and experience. | Sold woHd-wido through distributors and doctors. For groaior tafoty in tho wilding shop, ato Jackson's famous insutataJ ore wWding ofoctrodo hoidors and cabio connocfors. PRODUCTS, INC, WARREN`MICHIGAN National Safety News, March, 1954 97 Section 4--Personal Protection of equipment which is seldom The following items of training maintenance are important: I, Train each person in putting mask ,, and adjusting it rapidly to his face. . Have each person wear it long enough to become accustomed to the breathing resistance and to putting it 0I1 and taking it off. 3. Repeat training at regular intervals. 4. Set up a card for each mask to indicate date of latest inspection and replacement of canister and amount of use, if any, which canister has had. 5. Replace canisters at least annually, even if they have not been used. . When a canister is replaced, exam ine facepiece, harness, hose, and headbands for leaks or deterioration. Replace defective parts. 7. Canisters are ordinarily supplied with seals to keep out air until they are placed in service. Remove seals when canister is placed in service. 8. Store mask in a place accessible to hazardous area, and as cool and dry as possible. 9. If mask is for emergency use only, canister should be replaced after use. --To page 126 Eye, Head and Respiratory Protection -- Definitions National Bureau of Standards Handbook H24 Protector. A device placed in front of or over the eyes, face or head to afford protection from the hazards in industrial processes or from the natu ral elements. Goggles. An optical device worn in front of the eyes, whose predominant function is protection to the eyes only. Face Mask. A device worn before the eyes and a portion or all of the face, whose predominant function is protec tion to the eyes and face. Helmet. A rigid device worn by the operator which shields the eyes, face and neck, and a portion or all of the other parts of the head and is held in place by suitable means. Hood. A non-rigid device which completely covers the head, neck and portions of the shoulders so as to ex clude dust and flying particles. Shield. A device to be held in the hand, or supported without the aid of the operator, whose function is protec tion to the eyes and face. Gas Mask. A device to be worn on the face, and so arranged that the in haled air is drawn entirely through a canister which cleans it chemically. Sitpplied-Air Respirator. A device designed to supply the wearer with air suitable to breathe while surrounded by a contaminated atmosphere, and to prevent the latter'from being inhaled. Hose Mask. A supplied-air respira tor having a tighf-fitting facepiece to which is attached a hose through which air may be forced by a blower, and through which the wearer can inhale whether the blower is operating or not. Air-Line Respirator. An air-line respirator is a supplied-air respirator designed to be connected by a hose to a supply of fresh air under positive pressure sufficient to maintain a con tinuous flow into the facepiece. Filter Respirator. A device designed for the wearer to inhale the surround ing atmosphere after it has passed through a filtering medium to remove the impurities. The filtering medium may chemically absorb or mechanically obstruct the impurities. Cartridge-Type Respirator. A filter respirator whose filtering equipment is carried in one or more cartridges mounted on the facepiece. Such a res pirator may be a mechanical filter res pirator, a chemical filter respirator, or a combination of both. BEET"-,'y.our Eyes! ACME . . . the only Gas Mask with the "PICTURE WINDOWS" You never have that "jammed-in" leeling, wearing the Acme Full-Vision Gas Mask. Its patented, larger lenses are like picture windows, giving you full natural vision for that safe, unconfined feeling. When you walk, you can actually see your toes with out bobbing your head. This factor alone makes Acme outstanding among gas masks . . . well worth looking into. Write for the complete story on Acm Gas Masks for all occupational hazards. ACME PROTECTION EQUIPMENT COMPANY 303? West laic. Street, Chicago 12, Illinois National Safety News, March, 1954 ta. Approved by Bureau of Minet Organic Vapor Respirator No* 99 New CESCO twin 85 cc absorbent cartridge respirator has positive acting inhale-exhale valves which prevent re breathing or exhausting through car tridges. Valves replaced without tools. Cartridges replaced by unscrewing re taining caps. B of M approval No. 2307. Converts to Oust Respirator No* 96 Replace vapor cartridges with CESCO filter pads to make No. 96 Dust Respirator. Treated wool-felt filters use entire frontal surface, provide max imum efficiency, little breathing resist ance. B of M approval No. 2167. Dual Purpose Saves Money CESCO Respirators have contoured facepiece for snug, comfortable, leakproof fit.You buy only one respirator and elements as desired. Send TODA* for CESCO literature \} CHICAGO EYE SHIELD COMPANY* 2306 Warren 8lvd. * Oiicaga 12, III. CESCO/pel c/i s cia | FOR SAFETY OffKIS (Ns Atlanta, Jtfrrunqham, lotion, tuftalo. Oncfcwati, Cleveland, Columbus. Detro.1. (ail Oranae, Haoiion, Kantot Gty. *nev.(le, little lock, lot Anaeiec, MeiKO City, 0 f Milwaukee, Montreal, rwadelphia. Pittsburgh, Salt toko C*ty, San FraM'tt* ie&kan*. St, lov'i. St, Pawl, Toledo, Tuba 105 Scott AIR-PAR Cool, fresh AIR in hazardous atmospheres! Why take chances in explosive atmospheres when you can be assured of perfect safety with the Scott AIR-PAK. Breathe cool, fresh AIR with confidence and comfort. It goes on and is ready for action in seconds. Just turn on the valve and yo re ready to go. No complicated training or practice is necessary. Other exclus ve AIR-PAK features include a large-dial easy to read gage for constant, dependable check of remaining air supply. Cool air absolutely prevents lens fogging. The AIR-PAK is the most economical all-purpose breathing protection available. Operates for as little as 50c per hour with no waste. For complete information write today! SAFETY EQUIPMENT DIVISION SCOTT AVIATION CORP. 211 ERIE STREET LANCASTER, N. Y. Canada; Safety Supply Co., Toronto -- Branches in principal cities Export: Southern Oxygen Co., 15 West 57th Street, New York 19, New York 98 Ear Protectors CONTROL of harmful noise at source by use of sound absorb' materials, isolation of noisy ^ Li chines, or revision of proc * should be the ultimate goal. this is not immediately practical" ears can be^pretected to a consi^ able degree by well designed 5., fitted plugs or-stopples. To keep out noise effectively stopple must close the ear complet^L with an air-tight seal. Since hunJ/ ear canals differ considerably in jj* and shape, this is extremely difficult Materials used for stopples must be comfortable, nontoxic, and non.l irritating. A rigid material is qqJ satisfactory unless molded to the im| dividual ear. Otherwise, the pres.l sure needed to make a tight seal! soon causes considerable discomfort I Ear protectors available commer. | daily give a satisfactory degree of I noise exclusion and fair comfort. Soft rubber, neoprene and vinyl I plastic are the materials commonly used, the latter two being resistant to the action of ear wax. 1 To overcome the problem of get ting a snugly fitting stopple without uncomfortable pressure points, in dividually fitted ear molds have been developed. To make the mold a plaster cast is made in the ear. The cast is then used to prepare a lucite plug which can withstand a heavy blow, will not shatter, is nonflam mable and has a relatively low coefficient of expansion. With a lucite mold, loud noises are reduced 30 to 40 decibels, al though ordinary conversational tones are heard without difficulty. Another form of ear mold is made by placing soft plastic directly in the ear canal where it is allowed to harden. After it is withdrawn TO CONSERVE EY^S 1. Make periodic survc of work areas for eye hazards. 2. Provide type of protei on suitable for the job -- goggles, shit ds, masks, hoods, etc. 3. Make provision for corrective lenses for those who need them. 4. Provide goggle-adjusting service and encourage employees to keep their goggies in adjustment. 5. Be sure that all those in the work area have goggles, including employees from other departments. 6. Encourage employees to rfeport foreign bodies in the eye immediately for medical treatment. 7. Supervisors should wear goggles for their own protection as well as to set an example to employees. S. Insist on eye protection for visitors as well as for workers. National Safety News, March, 1954 No. 1225 Turretype handshield-built for long life. Nl-1250-80 Cap and helmet -for use where falling objects are hazards. ABSOLUTE SAFETY... COMPLETE COMFORT Dockson Helmets and Handshieids are your finest protection buy No. 1235 Turretype handshield -- face piece extends straight down ward. RUGGED AND DEPENDABLE--Dockson Helmets and Handshieids give you complete protection against sparks, flash, and dangerous rays of arc welding. BUILT FOR BETTER SERVICE--Dockson Helmets and Handshieids are leakproof, shock-proof, and are equipped with Federal Specification Plates. LIGHT-WEIGHT AND ROOMY--Dockson Helmets give you real comfort--elim inate fatigue, strain, and restlessness of hot, heavy, uncomfortable protection. Designed,for over 30 years,with the welder in mind, Dockson Helmets incorporate these safety-comfort features: adjustable, cushioned headgear; form-fitting chin rests; spring pivot to hold shield in any position and allow easy raising and lowering. LONG LIFE AT LOW COST--No rivets to tear, burn out, or loosen. One piece, formed, heavy-gauge fiber sheet assures you these Dockson Helmets and Handshieids are built to last. Whatever your needs--there is a Dockson "Better-Built" Helmet or Handshield to do the job-SAFELY AND COMFORTABLY. No. 1750 Herculite con struction -- mois ture-proof, non warping, light weight. No. 1525 Handshield - of the Herculite construction. m CORPORATION 3839 WABASH AVENUE, DETROIT 8, MICH. from the ear, surplus material and sharp edges are trimmed off. The sufficient on some jobs to bring the noise down to a safe level. important phase of vocational refi. bilitation. inner end of the mold is coated with rubber and heat treated. An expendable type of ear mold consists of a mixture of wax and cotton. The pellet is softened by manipulating with the fingers before insertion in the ear. The mold is discarded when soiled. Ear plugs also protect the ear canal, drum and middle ear from injury caused by entrance of foreign bodies. This is a hazard in welding and chipping of the weld metal. Hearing Aids Deaf persons can work with nor Many persons with varying grees of deafness have been help, by hearing aids. For best resujj these devices require careful fittjj, and service at intervals after fitting The American Medical Associate maintains a list- of hearing device which meet essential requirement The simplest and least effective mal efficiency and safety in many Helpful information is also contain? form of ear protector is a wad of jobs. In other occupations, however, in National Bureau of Standard cotton. It lowers sound 10 to 15 deafness may be a handicap and a Circular 516, Selection of Hearin decibels, depending on how efficient hazard to the individual and his fel Aids. ly it is packed into the ear canal. low workers. Salvaging the skills of Audiometric examinations are us? However, even this reduction is persons with defective hearing is an ful in measuring progressive loss o hearing. When hearing has suffer^ NewJ*-*! KIMWIPB from exposure to excessive noise, ar employee may be transferred tc quieter surroundings. Plastics Aid Safety Plastics are filling an important role in industry and in the home, Their safety uses are important. For years they have been doing a good job against hazards from chemicals, falling objects, dust, gases, fumes and other injurious agents. One reason for the popularity of plastics is their resistance to deterio rating agents. Plastics that will do a particular job most effectively can be selected from hundreds of com pounds, from flexible materials like neoprene to the rigid types. Natural materials ordinarily offer limited resistance. Rubber does not stand up well to oils, acids, sunlight, etc., and prolonged wear next to the KIMWlPES*-industry's favorite disposable wipes--now better than ever skin may produce irritation. Un treated fabrics are flammable and Here are the new 5" x 9" Kim wipes -- now improved to meet your goggle wiping needs to a ing carton --it serves just one at a time! Get new Kimwipes today --the scratch-proof way to readily affected by acid. Protection from specific dangers, as certain types of acids, is not pos sible with any natural substance. It ' T 'l Manufacturing advances clean safety goggles and face is, however, usually possible to com make them even more lint-free, more efficient than ever before -- and at a far lower price. They're in a new modern look- masks. Don't forget that Kim wipes come in the 15" x 18" size for your other wiping needs. Get your sample now! pound a plastic that will successfully re 'st any particular hazard. Comr>. can be made impervious to ...Us and acids, highly resistant to breakage, non-conducting, heat and A Product of cold proof. It is often possible to combine several of these qualities in Kimberly- one compound. These products can be rendered *r M MBS U. * PAT. OFF. Clark non-toxic and odorless, and can be molded to exceptionally close toler ances, reducing production difficul ties and lowering expense Articles of safety equipment in J Send for sampU and 1 information today which plastics have been emp'.uscd to perform a particular mb > . dole transparent eye and f.u.- .ids, Kimberly-Clark Corp. J Xeenah, W'S^nsm 1 Please send me a | sample of the new | improved Kimwipes Firm Citv chemical-proof garments coated fabric for the ha;..:- body and head; respiratm. . ,.,,j dust masks, containers i -t is aid kits; lancets, syringes ... i instruments used in first . ,,t- ____________________ ______________________________ _____m__e_n_t.j too Notional Safety Newt. Ma,,h 1954 Section 4--Personal Protection Announcing the NEW omozing SELL STROM Because of its greater strength and water resistance, the new Sellstrom No. 230 Fiber Glass Helmet should outlast 5 ordinary -fiber helmets. It is available with either the Standard Front Loading Plate Holder, as shown above, or the new "S" lift Front Plate Holder shown below. Your Choice of Headgear The Sellstrom No. 230 Fiber Glass Helmet may be fitted with either the Standard Headgear No. WMXK shown above or the new Sel-O-Matic "M" model headgear shown at the right-- which can be easily adjusted with one hand while the helmet is on the head. National Safety News, March, 1954 WELDING HELMET The only helmet with these advanced features 1. 400% Stronger Than Ordinary Helmet An 8 ounce steel ball, dropped from a height of 5 feet onto the Sellstrom Fiber Glass Welding Helmet, merely bounced from the helmet. The same ball, dropped from the same height onto an ordinary fiber helmet, cracked it. 2. A Better Insulator from Heat Made of Fiber Glass, the perfect insulator, this Sellstrom Helmet transmits less heat than ordinary helmet -- keeps face cooler. 3. More Resistant to Moisture After immersion for 48 hours in salt solution of 160F., the Fiber Glass Helmet absorbed less than */2 ounce of moisture. Holds its shape indefinitely. 4. Lightest Helmet of Its Kind 5. Choice of Plate Holders and Headgear TEST A SAMPLE -- Satisfaction Guaranteed! Let us ship you a sample Sellstrom No. 230 Fiber Glass Helmet equipped with the famous Sel-O-Matic headgear and the new "Lift Front" plate holder on a 30 day memo, with the under standing that if you are n,Ot entirely satisfied, you can return it for credit. We will also give you the name and address of a nearby dealer who can supply your future requirements. The price---no higher than for an ordinary quality helmet. Send for your sample today! Ask your dealer or write us for a copy of this 60 page buying guide to more than 300 Eye and Face Safeguards. Mr. Dealer: The interchangeability of headgears and plate holders for this new Sellstrom Fiber Glass helmet means maxi mum profit and minimum inventory for you. Write for details! iCTJJRlNG COMPANY , iflf.22, Illinois : ............ . ,,ZA 101 Section 4~P*rsonal Protection Respiratory Protection RESPIRATORY equipment protects the worker against inhalation of air contaminants. These range from relatively harmless "nuisance" sub stances to toxic dusts, vapors, mists and gases. Removal of contaminants at the source and enclosure of processes helps to keep down concentrations of harmful substances in the work room air. However, leaks and break downs may occur, and there are operations where exposure is brief or infrequent. For such contingen cies, personal protection should be provided. The worker's air intake may be safeguarded by three principal methods: 1. Mechanical filters to remove dusts and mists, 2. Absorption or chemical reaction to remove gases and vapors, 3. Supplied air. Approval. Equipment which meets accepted standards carries the label of the Bureau of Mines. Approval specifies type of exposure as well as design and construction. Gas Masks A gas mask consists of a face piece connected by a flexible tube to a canister. Inhaled air is drawn through the canister which cleans it chemically. No one chemical yet dis covered will remove all contami nants, so the canister must be chosen for the exposure. The nearest approach to complete protection is the universal mask for protection against combinations of Types. Four general types of re spiratory equipment are: 1. Canister gas masks. 2. Chemical cartridge respirators. 3. Filter respirators. 4. a. Supplied air equipment (hose masks and air-line respirators.) b. Self-contained apparatus supplying oxygen or air. Each type of equipment has a definite field of usefulness, as well as limitations. Manufacturers and dealers want to know the type of exposure when equipment is ordered. acid gases, organic vapors, ammo nia, carbon monoxide and smokes. It should be remembered, however, that as the number of gases in- creases, the service time of the ister decreases. Canister gas masks with fyjj . piece are for emergency prot^. in atmospheres immediately dat)"1 ous to life. Their effectivene^ limited to concentrations of 2 , cent by volume, except for for which the limit is 3 per cent, \ Characteristics. Types of masks, their identifying colors uses are: A. White--Acid gases, such as |,, drogen sulfide, sulfur dioxjj chlorine, hydrocyanic acid, ' B. Black--Organic vapors, sue),. aniline, benzene, ether, g^J line, carbon tetrachloride, c|,|" ropicrin. C. Green--Ammonia gas. D. Blue--Carbon monoxide, AB. Yellow--Combination acid gj, and organic vapor. ABC. Brown--Combination acid organic vapor and ammonigas. N. Red -- Universal -- Acid gasej organic vapors, ammonia, carbon monoxide and smokes. Cartridge Respirators Chemical cartridge respirators usually have a half-mask face con nected directly to a small container, Chemicals are similar to those used in gas masks. Cartridge respirators are used only for non-emergency situations --for atmospheres which are harmful only after prolonged or repeated ex posures. Filter Respirators Protection against any form of particulate matter can be provided by a mechanical filter respirator of proper design. Major items to be Diagram of mobile service cart for cleaning, sterilizing and adjusting goggles, face shields and respirators on the job. 102 considered are resistance to breath ing offered by the filter element, adaptation of face piece to faces of various shapes, and fineness of par ticles to be filtered out. ASA Code Z-2 requires that the complete respirator show a resist ance not in excess of 50 mm. of National Safety News, March, I9S4 Section 4--Personal Protection Air-Line Respirators Air-line respirators, connected to compressed air-lines, provide essen tially the same protection given by hose masks. They are not intended for atmospheres immediately haz ardous to life where the wearer could not escape if failure of the air supply required him to remove the respirator. This respirator differs from the hose mask mainly in two features: It has a hand-operated, quickly de tachable coupling connected to the belt or body harness so that the op erator can connect to a compressed air hose, also a flow-limiting device with capacity to permit air flows only between 2 and 20 cubic feet per minute. A trap and filter installed in the compressed air line ahead of the masks to separate oil, water, scale, or other extraneous matter from the air stream is desirable. An air-pressure regulator in the line is required if air is supplied at a pressure in excess of 25 pounds per square inch, also a pressure release valve which will operate if the regu lator fails. Supplied-air respirators are the most desirable for operations requir ing continuous use of a respirator. Other types may give adequate pro tection, but they offer breathing resistance and are consequently more fatiguing. To obtain clean air, the compres sor intake must be kept away from Hose mask for irrespirable atmospheres. all sources of contamination. The compressor should be well main tained. It must not run too hot, as dangerous amounts of carbon mon oxide can be produced by decom position of lubricating oil. Air supplied suits. Sometimes res cue or emergency repair work must be done in atmospheres extremely corrosive to the skin and mucous membranes, in addition to being acutely poisonous. For these condi tions, complete suits of impervious material with breathing equipment are available. If a hose line is used, it should be connected to the suit itself as well as to the helmet. It is fatiguing and dangerous to wear such a suit for a long period unless it is well venti lated. Abrasive Blasting Abrasive blasting requires not only an adequate supply of filtered air, but also mechanical protection for the head and neck. This protec tion can be supplied either by an impregnated cloth hood or by a hel met of some rigid material. It should be covered both inside and outside with a plastic material, such as soft rubber, to increase both comfort of wearer and resistance to abrasive. A window of transparent material, suitable for optical use, protected from the abrasive by a 30- to 40mesh fine wire screen should be pro vided. Both window and protective screen should be readily replaceable. Self-Contained Apparatus For work in atmospheres imme diately hazardous to life at distances more than 150 feet from the source of fresh air, self-contained oxygen breathing apparatus should be used. The two principal types of selfcontained apparatus are: (1) Com pressed air or compressed oxygen type; (2) Internal generation type which produces oxygen by reaction of chemicals in the canister with the moisture in exhaled breath. Care of Equipment A central station for care and maintenance of respiratory equip ment is desirable where many res pirators are in use. Such a unit can also handle distribution and main tenance of other items of personal protective equipment. Each employee should be provided with two respirators and either a Atomic Suit Juvenile space cadets will probably cast envious eyes on this General Elec, trie atomic attire now in vogue at the huge plutonium-producing plant at Richland, Wash., operated by G. E. for the Atomic Energy Commission. Plastic, balloon-like suit provides protective barrier against radiation in "hot" areas and permits a man to deter mine extent of contamination and do clean-up and maintenance work in such areas. "Train" in rear is a flexible plastic tunnel leading from suit to entrance port in wall. It provides air and serves as an entrance and exit passage. Air mask worn is used only if, by accident, the suit becomes torn or punctured. Suit and tunnel remain inflated be cause air inside contaminated area is at lower pressure than air outside. Pressure differential assures that any flow of air will be into the contaminated area rather than out. locker or a hook at the central sta tion. Respirators should be branded or tagged with a number to indicate the employee to whom it is assigned. The respirator should be turned in to the central station at the end of each shift to be cleaned and steri lized, and repaired if necessary. Where the maintenance crew works several shifts, one respirator per employee may be sufficient. Usually, however, it is necessary to have one complete unit in the proc ess of cleaning while the other is being worn. Training in Use of Respiratory Equipment Respiratory equipment is often used under conditions of strain and excitement. Those who will have to use it should therefore be trained thoroughly. Regular inspection is also necessary to avoid deteriora- tne Section 4--Personal Protection Air-Line Respirators Air-line respirators, connected to compressed air-lines, provide essen tially the same protection given by hose masks. They are not intended for atmospheres immediately haz ardous to life where the wearer could not escape if failure of the air supply required him to remove the respirator. This respirator differs from the hose mask mainly in two features: It has a hand-operated, quickly de tachable coupling connected to the belt or body harness so that the op erator can connect to a compressed air hose, also a flow-limiting device with capacity to permit air flows only between 2 and 20 cubic feet per minute. A trap and filter installed in the compressed air line ahead of the masks to separate oil, water, scale, or other extraneous matter from the air stream is desirable. An air-pressure regulator in the line is required if air is supplied at a pressure in excess of 25 pounds per square inch, also a pressure release valve which will operate if the regu lator fails. Supplied-air respirators are the most desirable for operations requir ing continuous use of a respirator. Other types may give adequate pro tection, but they offer breathing resistance and are consequently more fatiguing. To obtain clean air, the compres sor intake must be kept away from Hose mask for irrespirable atmospheres. all sources of contamination. The compressor should be well main tained. It must not run too hot, as dangerous amounts of carbon mon oxide can be produced by decom position of lubricating oil. Air supplied suits. Sometimes res cue or emergency repair work must be done in atmospheres extremely corrosive to the skin and mucous membranes, in addition to being acutely poisonous. For these condi tions, complete suits of impervious material with breathing equipment are available. If a hose line is used, it should be connected to the suit itself as well as to the helmet. It is fatiguing and dangerous to wear such a suit for a long period unless it is well venti lated. Abrasive Blasting Abrasive blasting requires not only an adequate supply of filtered air, but also mechanical protection for the head and neck. This protec tion can be supplied either by an impregnated cloth hood or by a hel met of some rigid material. It should be covered both inside and outside with a plastic material, such as soft rubber, to increase both comfort of wearer and resistance to abrasive. A window of transparent material, suitable for optical use, protected from the abrasive by a 30- to 40mesh fine wire screen should be pro vided. Both window and protective screen should be readily replaceable. Self-Contained Apparatus For work in atmospheres imme diately hazardous to life at distances more than 150 feet from the source of fresh air, self-contained oxygen breathing apparatus should be used. The two principal types of selfcontained apparatus are: (1) Com pressed air or compressed oxygen type; (2) Internal generation type which produces oxygen by reaction of chemicals in the canister with the moisture in exhaled breath. Care of Equipment A central station for care and maintenance of respiratory equip ment is desirable where many res pirators are in use. Such a unit can also handle distribution and main tenance of other items of personal protective equipment. Each employee should be provided with two respirators and either a Juvenile space cadets will probably cast envious eyes on this General Elec, trie atomic attire now in vogue at the huge plutonium-producing plant at Richland, Wash., operated by G. E. for the Atomic Energy Commission. Plastic, balloon-like suit provides protective barrier against radiation in "hot" areas and permits a man to deter mine extent of contamination and do clean-up and maintenance work in such areas. "Train" in rear is a flexible plastic tunnel leading from suit to entrance port in wall. It provides air and serves as an entrance and exit passage. Air mask worn is used only if, by accident, the suit becomes torn or punctured. Suit and tunnel remain inflated be cause air inside contaminated area is at lower pressure than air outside. Pressure differential assures that any flow of air will be into the contaminated area rather than out. locker or a hook at the central sta tion. Respirators should be branded or tagged with a number to indicate the employee to whom it is assigned. The respirator should be turned in to the central station at the end of each shift to be cleaned and steri lized, and repaired if necessary. Where the maintenance crew works several shifts, one respirator per employee may be sufficient. Usually, however, it is necessary to have one complete unit in the proc ess of cleaning while the other is being worn. Training in Use of Respiratory Equipment Respiratory equipment is often used under conditions of strain and excitement. Those who will have to use it should therefore be trained thoroughly. Regular inspection is also necessary to avoid deteriora- tne Section 4--Personal Protection DUPOR No. 4 For nuisance dusts and fumes. Weighs only 4 oz. $000 DUPOR No. 40 U.S.B. of M. Approved. Has 40 sq. in. filters for Type A dusts. $ooo light weight greater visibility no blind spots face cloth for personal sanitation panorama view controlled breathing exclusive patented features H. S. COVER South Bend, Indiana DUPOR Automatic With sponge filter for water-cooied breathing. $000 DUPOR Smoke Mask Equipped with *'Nod & Shake" fog-proof, gas-tight goggles. $coo DUPOfc No.4& U.S.B. of I* Approved*; for Type A^and Lead dust^ $025 % DUPOR No. 24 U.S.B. of M. Approved. Has 24 sq. in. filters for Type A dusts, $000 DUPOR No. 10 Chemical cartridges. For organic and inorganic gases. $00 DUPOR No. 20 Double sponge, for cool, water-washed breathing. $0 50 COVERS "Nod & Shako" GOGGLES Gas-tight, fog-proof Wear with any respirator. $000 Section 4--Personal Protection THE SAFETY WARDROBE HATS, CAPS HELMETS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 X XX XXX XX X XX X XX X XXXX Asbestos Plastic-Rubber X Cotton-Wool Metal Plastic COATS, APRONS WAIST PROTECTION 61 2 3 4 s 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 XXX XX X XXX XXX X X XX XX XX XX Asbestos Chrome Leather X Plastic X Rubber X Canvas-Fiber Chemical Resistant Reflective Fabric SLEEVES WRISTLETS 1 234567 XXX XX X XXX XXX XXX X X 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 XX X X XX Asbestos Chrome Leather X Flameproofed Ouch Plastic Rubber Chemical Resistant Reflective Fabric GLOVES, MITTENS HAND PADS FINGER GUARDS 1 234s67 XX X XX X XXX XXX 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 L XX XX j 1 Asbestos Chrome Leather Rubber X X Plastic-Rubber Coated Fabric Metal Mesh X Cotton-Canvas PANTS, KNEE PADS LEGGINGS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 XXX Asbestos XX X X XX X XXX X XX X X -X X X XX X X XX Chrome Leather X Flameproofed Duck X Fiber-Metal Plastic Rubber Chemical Resistant Reflective Fabric 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 XI | X !x Steel Toe Caps XX XX XXXX XXXX XXX I1 X |x X Non-Skid Shoes Wooden Soles Chrome Leather Rubber MIX, Conductive Rubber 10$ that's overhead won't worry you... Section 4--Personal Protecti YOU'RE SAFE WITH THE SUPER TOUGH WILLSON SAFETY HAT rHE NEW WILLSON SAFETY HAT gives you effective, comfort able head protection in areas of overhead hazards. It is entirely new in design, material and method of manufacture . . . tough as metal and more resilient! It has been field-tested for over two years. Here are some other outstanding features of the new Willson Super-Tough* Safety Hat. . . streamlined contour-defiects objects more effectively and provides a greater safety "pocket" inside new suspension design~a djustable "hammock" headband is suspended inside at 6 points. No exposed rivets or lacing--r - holes through hat. comfortably cool --space between headband and shell provides ample air circulation for wearer five colors -- green, red, yellow, brown or white... to provide job or company identification. Posses oil required tests with on extro margin of safety! WILLSON PRODUCTS, INC., 205 Washington Street, READING, PA. Write for your copy of the new bulletin describing the Willson Super-Tough* Safety Hat *Tradmrk section 4--Personal Protection Steel, molten at 3000 F., was poured over a Bullard Fiberglas Safety Hat. The white hot metal did not pierce any part <0 of the hat. Proof of the extra margin of safety built into all Bullard Fiberglas Hats and Caps. Hat after test BULLARD FIBERGLAS SAFETY HATS AND CAPS Test-Proven ^ * SAFER! Exceeds all standard industrial tests: impact, dielectric, moisture and is selfextinguishing. Lighter, more comfortable to wear, with adjustable headband. Your choice of permanent molded colors at no extra cost. _____________________ EVERYTHING u s pat opr, f Uoai', V IN SAFETY Since 1S98 E. D. BULLARD COMPANY 275 Eighth Street, Sen Francisco, California Distributors Throughout The World UNITED STATES DISTRIBUTORS E. D. BULLARD COMPANY 275 Eighth Street, San Francisco 3, Calif. 6719 S. Figueroa St., Los Angeles 3, Calif. ABERN INDUSTRIAL SUPPLY COMPANY P.O. Box 6004, Hamden 17. Connecticut AMERICAN ALLSAFE COMPANY, INC. 1245 Niagara Street, Buffalo 13. New York 2704 Erie Boulevard East P.O. Box 1116, Syracuse, New York AVERILL EQUIPMENT COMPANY 12225 Conant Avenue, Detroit 34, Michigan CAREY MACHINERY AND SUPPLY CO. P.O. Box 206, Baltimore 3, Maryland CHASE SAFETY SERVICE, INC. 6 Chase Terrace, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts CONTINENTAL SAFETY EQUIPMENT CO, 1551 Selby Avenue, St. Paul 4, Minnesota DAYTON SAFETY SUPPLY COMPANY P.O. Box 34, Greenhills, Cincinnati 18, Ohio 316 Longworth Street, Dayton 2, Oh'.o J. E. DILWORTH COMPANY Box 13, Tuscaloosa, Alabama Little Rock, Arkansas Box 3161, Jackson, Mississippi 730 South Third Street, Memphis 2, Tenn. ENGINEERING SUPPLY COMPANY 2656 Main Street, Dallas 26, Texas 1124 East Fourth Street, Tulsa, Oklahoma GOODALL RUBBER COMPANY 226 Purchase Street, Boston 10, Mass. GUARDIAN SAFETY EQUIPMENT CO. 491 Prospect Street, East Orange. New Jersey 1915 Westheimer, Houston 6, Texas GULF COAST MARINE SUPPLY. INC. 199 South Royal Street, Mobile, Alabama HAWAIIAN GAS PRODUCTS, LTD. P.O. Box 2454, Honolulu 4, Hawaii RICHARD O, HAWKINS COMPANY Wolfeboro, New Hampshire INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS COMPANY 2820 North Fourth St., Philadelphia 33, Pa. INTERMOUNTAIN EQUIPMENT COMPANY P.O. Box 1129, Boise. Idaho P.O. Box 151, Pocatello, Idaho W. P. & R. S, MARS COMPANY 324 West Michigan Street. Duluth 2, Minn. P.O. Box 434, Hibbing, Minnesota McCONKEY-DOCKER AND COMPANY 126 West Madison Street, Phoenix, Arizona MINE AND *SMELTER SUPPLY COMPANY 4205 East Waverly Street, Tucson, Arizona 1008 Richard Street, Carlsbad, New Mexico P.O. Box 1162, El Paso. Texas P.O. Box 1348, Salt Lake City 11, Utah PALMER AND KLINE P O. Box 9294, Rosslyn Sta., Arlington 9, Va. RICHMOND RUBBER COMPANY 7th and Leigh Streets, Richmond, Va. SAFETY AND SUPPLY COMPANY 115 Blanchard Street, Seattle, Washington SAFETY EQUIPMENT DISTRIBUTING CO. 832 West Maine Avenue. Knoxville, Tenn. 3317 Cherokee Avenue, Tampa 9. Florida SAFETY FIRST SUPPLY COMPANY 4251 West 35th Street, Cleveland, Ohio 103 East Bancroft, P.O. Box 226, Toledo. O. 425 Magee Street,^Pittsburgh 19, Pa. P.O. Box 1007, Charleston, West Virginia No. 1 Garland Avenue, Wheeling, West Va. SAFETY INCORPORATED 17tz East 31st St, Kansas Citv 8, Missouri 2608 Olive Street, St. Louis 3, Missouri SANDERSON SAFETY SUPPLY COMPANY 816 S.E. Hawthorne Blvd., Portland, Oregon ROBERT L. SCHMITT COMPANY 732 East Market Street, Louisville. Kentucky SPOKANE SAFETY APPLIANCES CO. West 314 Pacific Avenue, Spokane 4, Wash, UNIVERSAL SAFETY EQUIPMENT CO. 5115 West Diversey Avenue, Chicago 39. 111. 3155 South Seventh St., Milwaukee 15, Wise. Articles Manufactured By E. D. BULLARD COMPANY Fiberglas and Aluminum Safety Hats and Caps Miner's Caps Fire Helmets First Aid Kits and Supplies Face Shields Protective Hoods and Helmets Air Purifiers Safety Belts * Bollard-Burnham Safety Hooks * Gas Masks CAUGHT IN THE ACT OF SAVING A LIFE! High speed photographs of a 3-lb, pipe wrench dropped from 14 ft. prove that Bullard's exclusive ribbed crown construction gives an added margin of safety, and exceeds standard 40 foot pound drop tests. BULLARD ALUMINUM SAFETY HATS & CAPS Only metal safety cap manufactured. Flared brim protects ears and neck, but does not interfere with carrying or working in close quarters. `R0UGH- . NECK' I hat. Weighs only 12 ounces. Universal headband can be adjusted to any standard size in two minutes. EVERYTHING FREE- write for illustrated folder IN SAFETY T.M/S R tO. U, S. PAT. OFF, tong. Since t898 E. D. BULLARD COMPANY 275 Eighth Street, Sen Francisco 3, California Distributors Throughout The World 110 National Safety News, March, 1954 Section 4--Personal Protection ere have been big advances in so have there been advances in y clothing and equipment -- True they ave not been as spectacular but they have been very effective. New materials for clothing such as the various synthetics; new items such as plas tic face shields; new ensembles like the as bestos suits for airplane rescue work, tunnel kiln servicing, etc. -- these are just a few of the many advances in safety clothing and safety techniques. You may be sure that Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. will be pioneers in every improvement that will give better protec tion and better service to the users of GARDWELL PRODUCTS. WRITE FOR COMPLETE CATALOG DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED DESIGNERS AND MANUFACTURERS 1990 EAST 69TH STREET CLEVELAi ND 3, OHIO * PHONE HENDERSON 2-0400 lationat Safety News, March, 1954 111 Section 4--Personal Protect*** Head Protection PROTECTIVE HATS are needed on jobs where heads are menaced by falling objects. These hats are widely used in the mining, lumbering, con struction, shipbuilding and petrole um industries, and for certain occu pations in other industries. Protective hats are also useful where there is danger of bumping the head against overhead struc tures. Resistance to impact is the most important essential for these hats. They must also be fire resistant and impervious to moisture. Where con tact with electricity is possible, the material should be non-conductive. Types. A hat with a brim all the way around provides the most com plete protection for the head, face, and back of the neck. For confined spaces where a brim might be in the way, the cap type may offer ade quate protection. Some models have brackets to support welding masks or miners' cap lamps. Materials. Laminated plastic molded under high pressure is wide ly used. It is resistant to impact and to effects of water and oil. Di electric strength is high. Glass fiber impregnated with resin is a recently introduced material. It has a high strength-weight ratio, high dielectric strength and resist ance to moisture. Hats which giow in the dark, due to a phosphorescent pigment, are ob tainable on special order. Aluminum alloy meets all require ments for resistance to impact and 11 moisture but is low in dielectric strength. Metal hats should not be worn where there is danger of elec trical contact. Weight. Not more than 14'/a ounces for the complete hat is speci fied by Federal Specification No. 367A. The specification also lists several tests which hats must pass. These include moisture, impact and electricity. The hard outer shell of the hat is supported by a cradle or hammock which keeps the shell away from the head and cushions it against blows. Cradle and sweatband should be replaceable because of deterioration when exposed to perspiration for long periods. This is also important for sanitary reasons, especially when the hat is worn by more than one person. The shell can be sterilized by any of the common methods. For cold weather a winter lining may be attached to the hat. This lining is made of water-resistant cloth to protect head, neck and ears. Where the wearer may be ex posed to strong winds on such loca tions as bridges and oil derricks, a chin strap Is useful. An eyeshield of transparent plas tic can be attached to some types of hats. It is hinged under the peak and lies flat against the peak when not in use. Work caps. Where protection against impact is not required, light cloth caps are worn to protect the hair against paint splashes, dust, oil and other non-corrosive substances. Recently introduced are work caps Disposable work cap of neoprene-treatw paper. On most jobs it will last as w as a cloth cap and costs less. (Du Pont) of heavy Kraft paper treated with neoprene, and a flame retardant. The material is water-repellant and re sistant to acids and alkalis. Cost is about 30 per cent less than most cloth caps. Colors. With some manufacturers, hats are now available in seven standard colors--white, gray, red. green, blue, brown and black. Other colors are available on special order. Color is permanent because it goes all the way through the material. Special colors are sometimes ordei'ed, or stock hats painted, to match the color used by the company on vehicles, in advertising, etc. Dis tinctive colors and designs are also used to designate the wearer's de partment or trade. This is often done in large plants where certain areas are restricted to authorized employees. For Women Workers Women are seldom employed in occupations where protective hats are required. Their hair, however, provides a problem around moving machinery. Much effort has been expended in designing headwear that provides adequate protection and is reasonably attractive in appearance. Scalping is likely to occur at points where hair may come in contact with rotating parts, or where enough static is produced by the machine to lift the hair. Enclosing the machine may be practicable in some operations but women who work around such ma chinery should wear caps which cover the hair completely. Hair covering is also desirable from the standpoint of cleanliness in many occupations. Hair covering should be made of --To page 120 National Safntv lot* Section 4---Personal Protection No. 660-4 GLOVE $t#el-Grip Chrome side split {other general purpose work glove. Steei sewn throughout -- practically rip proof. Thumb patched and strapped for longer wear and protection. Choice of 2" or 4" cuff. Chrome side split leather welder's half jacket. Also made in asbestos and flameproofed duck, I Small, medium and large sizes. Extra large and jumbo on request. Complete line of welder's Nothing, gloves and mittens. No. 347 LEGGING Chrome side split leather wrap around legging. Easy oneasy off. Also made in asbestos and flameproofed duck, as well as spring type design in all materials. THE KIND YOU REALLY NEED Only Quality Safeguards can actually pro tect a workman. Steel-Grip Safeguards are and have been real values and top quality for over 40 years. Users' approval of Steel-Grip Quality Safeguards, from both the protection and value standpoint as manufactured by Indus trial Gloves Company, is the reason why Steel-Grip Safety Apparel has kept the' leadership in the field. INDUSTRIAL GLOVES COMPANY ... I Keep* n (he alert to detect now hazard* brought * on by changar in Industry, . r" 2Consciantiously product* tho bast safeguards * possible for combating thasa hazards by using tho best quality raw materials and producing safaguards by skiiltd workman who constantly strive for perfection. 3 If you judge performance by coal .. you will find * Steel-Grip Safety Apparel by Industrial Is the best value you can buy. Try Industrial Steel-Grip Safeguards for your industrial safety needs--see if they are not more protective, easier to wear, more Comfortable, longer lived, contributive to better worker performance--the kind of safety apparel you really need. We manufacture a complete line of indus- . trial safety apparel. Send for our catalog. INDUSTRIAL GLOVES COMPANY A CORPORATION 1702 Garfield Street, Danville, Illinois (In Canada: Softly 5uppfy Geur Toronto) OPEN END FINGER GUARD Eliminate minor, but costly, finger injuries by using Steel-Grip finger guards on burring, grinding, buffing, sanding, assembly, machine and punch press operations. Choice of materials. Sizes for men and women. (U.S* Patents 2,351,906 and 2,461,872.) No. W3-9 WOVEN-GARD Woven-Gard closed end mitt. For lower temperature jobs where asbestos is not required. Highly oil absorbent. Resists cuts and abrasion. Complete line of WovenGard hand spats, arm guards, closed end mitts and aprons. ASBESTOS GLOVE Asbestos giove, J4" length. Underwriter's 2Vj lb. per sq. yd. asbestos with tough chrome side split leather reinforcement over entire palm, face ef all fingers, well around small finger. Thumb seam entirely away from wearing zone. Full line of as bestos gloves and mittens, plain and leather reinforced. Your choice of lined or unlined. H", 14" and 23" standard lengths. Special lengths on reguest. DYNEL CLOTHING Dyne! chemical resistant clothing. Coats, Pants, Shirts, laboratory Coats and special designs to order. We manufacture a complete line of indus trial safety clothing in your choice of leather, asbestos, flameproofed duck and Dynel. 0?amau4 9tteUt4tn4eU Safe^uareii Since 19W National Safety Newt, March, 1954 See yoct at "Ifew- Safety SAet# ... JUd, 9-W-t? M3 Every time your workers stop to dear fog from their safety eye wear; Every time safety goggles are perched uselessly on caps; Every time a fens is scratched in cleaning; --It costs you money. You can eliminate this cost with K-LENS-M Liquid Method of lens cleaning. Fog that interferes with vision can steal production time all along the line wherever there is humidity, body heat or temperature extremes. K-LENS-M Lens Cleaner and K-LENS-M Anti-Fogging Liquid have proved for more than a decade to be the most effective and most economical way to combat this loss. Tested Along the Line tttENSM The Acknowledged Leader in the Lens Cleaning Field 1 cLf r) * Send for FREE sample on your company letterhead K-LENS-M . . Campf.lt Uni Cleaning and Anil-Faggimngf Equipmani MUONS ITHE CO., INC. CORTLAND 1, N. Y. Liquid Lent Cleaner Lint-fret Lens Tissues Anti-Fogging Liquid Dispenser Cabinets Anti-Fogging Station K-LEMS-M U4 National Safety New*. Mnrrh TO*d Section 4--Persona/ Protect!* the yardstick by which SAFETY IS JUDGED k \ s' To improve on the best is not an easy job. It takes the finest technological know-how, a broad practical experience, and most important of all -- the proper facilities. v Several years ago we brought all these factors ' 'together under one roof. We equipped and fully staffed a complete, modern safety research labo ratory to provide the best in protective garments. Among the results of our research program have been: vastly improved garment compounds, armored seams, cast soles, and the adding of days, weeks, months and sometimes years to gar ment life. These and many other developments have combined to make StaSafe Gra-lite and Neoprene garments "The Yardstick by Which Safety is Judged". elk A* ^ * Men handling lines containing the most corrosive chemicals used in in dustry, wear Gra-lite clothing. This large petrochemical plant found Gra-lite superior to all others for this tank draining job. You can't fool the man in the lab... he knows chemicals. That's why he insists on Gra-lite when the danger is the greatest and the best in pro tection is needed. The way Gra-lite shrugs off many chemicals makes it his favorite. m A study in adventurous living! The man in this photo is filling a tank car in a chemical processing plant. He works in constant peril of a line leak or break. Yet he works without fear of injury . . . Gra-lite coveralls and hood provide tested and proven protection. STANDARD SAFETY EQUIPMENT COMPANY 232 WEST ONTARIO STREET CHICAGO 10. ILLINOIS NEWARK 4, N. J. 597 BROADWAY CLEVELAND 10. OHIO 355 EAST ISlnd ST. LOS ANGELES 16. CAL. 2951 CRENSHAW ILVD. Designed for the dirtiest and grimiest jobs, StaSafe Neoprene garments were planned from the drawing boards to last longer. Don't be afraid to send them to the laundry . . . they come back again and again to give top notch protection. National Softly News, March, 1954 IIS Section 4--Personal Protection r ta National fafmtv Nmw Mareh fQCJ Section 4--Personal Protection '%&zv<}-0Dutty GLOVES Alto wailabli aa Modal 7705, 12" sauntM Hood's new Heavy Duty neoprene-coated gloves were de signed especially for use in plants when heavy objects witli sharp edges are handled. They have an extra-heavy coating to give longer wear, yet, due to a unique process, they re main flexible. Hood Heavy-Duty gloves proved their durability in on-the-job wear tests in a radiator factory--they were still usa ble after several pairs of ordinary gloves had worn out. Hood makes a complete line of industrial rubber and plastic gloves. Write today for our new illustrated catalog featuring the Hood Glove Guide, which shows you "now to choose the RIGHT glove for EACH job". HOOD RUBBER CO., Watertown, Mass. HEAT RESISTANT GLOVES - ALL-LEATHER For Temperatures Up to 800 Degrees F. Pliable -- Durable -- Comfortable -- Economical These all-leather, heat distant gloves, developed after nearly ten years of research, are made from soft, flexible leather impregnated with insulating and refractory materials. They are both pliable and comfortable and possess remarkable wearing qualities along with a resistance to high temperatures. The gloves are designed with an inseam con struction on the palm which avoids undue contact with the threads, thereby adding con siderably to their life span. The inner lining is made from a soft selected leather and is sewn into the tips of the fingers, thus avoiding separation of the plies upon removing the glove from a perspiring hand. The Heat's off when you wear ALL-LEATHER GLOVES Full Information Upon Request LIBERTY PROTECTIVE LEATHERS Inc. BOX 987 GLOVERSVILLE, N. Y. <1 Snf+tv Nmwt March. 1954 \\7 gafety-minded people should keep frese circumstances in mind. They an Iok at the situation from a humanitarian angle, thinking of the roubles the unsuspecting self-doctor ,,an cause himself. They can look at ^ from the standpoint of human relations. and the ills the self-doctor can cause others. Or they can look a it from the standpoint of pure materialism--profit and loss, dollars arMi cents, loss of man-hours and material. prom any point of view, the final analysis must be the same. If state legislatures, through action or in action, encourage self-diagnosis and self-correction of visual deficiencies, die cause of safety will inevitably suffer from their shortsightedness. the Employee Is a Customer --From, page 3 ployees should be instructed as to the precise equipment required dur ing the .various stages of operations. The first step in any program of personal protection is the prepara tion of a list of approved equipment for various operations. Equipment should be selected on the basis of design, performance, reliability of the manufacturer, and compliance with accepted standards. It is desirable to standardize items throughout the plant as far as pos sible. It is also good policy to re view the list periodically, revising it when improved equipment becomes available. Company policies vary consider ably in the matter of charging em ployees for personal equipment. Items not likely to be used by employees off the job, such as respi rators and piano goggles, are gener ally furnished without charge, although the employee held respon sible for taking reasonable care of them. In some companies employ ees occasionally borrow protective equipment for work around home, which is generally regarded as evi dence of safety mindedness. With some items, such as safety shoes and prescription goggles, the company absorbs part of the cost. Employees generally take better care' of property in which they, as well as the company, have a financial interest. Low cost items used in consider able quantities can be issued most conveniently at the various manu facturing areas. More expensive and specialized equipment should be stocked and issued at a central point, so that a minimum stock may be maintained. Authorization for its National Safety Newt, March, 1954 Section 4--Personal Protection Here's Inexpensive Forearm Protection JOMAC SAFETY SLEEVES Tough jomac Safety Sleeves give wrist and forearm protection against burns, cuts, lacerations --and at low cost! They're washable. They will outwear many pairs of ordinary gauntlet gloves. They can be used with any style of work glove. Also available in ted, flame-cesistant material. Write for new illustratedJomac Work Glove catalog. C. Walker Jones Co., Dept. D, Philadelphia 38, Pa. Plants in Philadelphia, Pa., and Warsaw, Ind. JOMAC INDUSTRIAL GLOVES outwear ordinary gloves by 700% 119 Section 4--Ptrtenai Protection 40% to 70% cost-saving with Edmont work gloves job-fitted to your needs NEOX (reinforced neoprene) coated gloves fit widest range of work Never before a glove so equally re sistant to abrasion, cutting, oil, acids, solvents, caustics, degreasants and heat. Good flexibility and grip. All Edmont coatings are bonded to strong fabric linings for comfort and snagresistance. Full coated or palm coated. "Redmont" NEOX gloves for heaviest duty service and safe grip Non-slip finish, cured into 30% thicker red NEOX coating, grips wet or greasy surfaces as well as dry. Longest wear ing, safest of all liquid-proof gloves. Seamless wearing surface, extra wide thumb span, curved fingers. Safety engineers approve white-fabric lined, rubber-coated Grab-its Tough, flexible, rough-textured natu ral rubber, bonded to sturdy white fabric lining, gives positive non-slip grip, wet or dry. Outwear ordinary canvas gloves up to 10 times. Far safer, too. Grapplers grip even in grease; outwear other plastics 50% Coated with DUROX, a leather-like reinforced plastic that retains its grip when wet, is extremely resistant to abrasion, oil and coolants, and stays flexible. Perfect fitting, too. Note wing thumb and curved, pre-flexed fingers. Hand-fitting Monkey Grips far outwear leather, ordinary plastics Special Edmont vinyl coating is second only to "DUROX" in wearing qualities and grip. Same wing thumb and pre flexed finger design as "Grappier" gloves; fit the hand all over. Make this FREE TEST to cut your costs, improve safety. Send us a brief description (on business letterhead) of your operations, materials handled, and temperature condition. Without cost we will recommend the best glove for the condition and forward samples for testing on the job. Edmont Manufacturing Company, 1205 Walrfut Street, Coshocton, Ohio World's largest maker of coated industrial gloves Vi-T Edmont Edmont. iob-fitted gloves ion withdrawal should come from worker's immediate supervisor is in a position to watch its use check needless waste. From the standpoint of morale" well as health, it is desirable , clean, sterilize and repair equipuJ* as needed, and always before use k, another person- * Some plants have an employ^ who moves throughout the operatic! areas, cleaning, sterilizing and justing safety devices, such as go," gles and respirators. Other items can be cleaned an,) repaired more conveniently at a cen. tral point where spare parts ar? available. Manufacturers are invari. ably glad to furnish instructions f0r maintenance of equipment. If the company provides employ, ees with adequate, comfortable equipment, teaches them how to it, and maintains it in a clean and sanitary condition, the program will be on a sound basis. Head Protection --From page 112 fabric sufficiently durable to with stand repeated laundering. Design should be simple so that pressing may be done by machine. Flame resistant material should be used if worn near spark or flame. Caps with peaks provide warning before the head comes in contact with a moving object. They should be provided in a sufficient variety of head sizes or with a sufficient range of adjustment to fit all persons. Hair nets or turbans, preferred by many women, are not considered sufficient protection around moving machinery. Sometimes their use is a compromise with feminine taste. Leg, Foot and Toe Accident Facts According to the experience of com pensation commissions of eight states, one out of every eight injuries and 12 per cent of the compensation awarded were charged to leg accidents. Foot injuries were 8 per cent of cases and claimed 6 per cent of compensation, while injuries to toes were 4 per cent of injuries and 2 per cent of compen sation. Disabling toe injuries alone have been estimated to total 80,000 in 1952. Handling objects and falling objects were the chief sources of injuries to these parts of the body, while falls were indicated to be the source of about onefourth of the leg injuries. Approximately 3 per cent of toe inju ries reported to the Pennsylvania De partment of Labor and Industry in 1951 were charged to lack of proper shoes. Hands and Arms pjjlGERSi hands and anns are in^ved in more than one-third of 'll report^ industrial injuries. No ^part.s o_J?f itUhe KbrotrdJTyT ratxre/\ TmVo\nrea ne.xwproAsCelndrt to cuts, scratches, bruises, and burns . the course of the day's work. finger movement is necessary for practically all work and this makes protection difficult. For the forearm jjejni-rigid protectors are often prac ticable. Finger stalls, gloves, mittens, and j,and pads are made of a variety of materials to protect hands against cuts, abrasions and hot objects. Some common materials and their uses are: Canvas, the least expensive and least durable material, is satisfactory for light work. Duck and terry cloth are also used for handling objects which are not excessively hot. A heavy twisted weave fabric is used for "hot mill" gloves. This ma terial is also quite durable for han dling rough objects. Leather is more expensive and more durable for most jobs. It offers greater protection against cuts and abrasions. Chrome leather is used where there is exposure to sparks or molten metal. However, no animal or vege table material will stand continued excessive heat. Metal staples in gloves, mittens and hand leathers give increased pro tection when handling sharp or rough objects. Metal-studded gloves should not be worn around electric apparatus. Asbestos is used where hands must be protected against extreme Section *--Pnanai Protection TIME AND MOTION STUDY THAT WOULD ROCK THE NATION During the hot summer months, a worker must stop frequently to remove his goggles or glasses .. . take out his handkerchief . . . mop his forehead . . . wipe his goggles . . . replace his goggles . . . puf his handker chief back . . . and resume work. Wifh dozens or even hundreds of workers doing this several times an hour, the expense is staggering, in some cases it adds up to hundreds of dollars a week in lost time. You can turn this wasted time into efficient output . . . simply by using StaSafe Koolpads. With one of these cellulose sponge headbands dampened, then slipped on, the man who wears glasses can comfortably concen trate on production. Writ* today for Bulletin No. 30 and a sample Koolpad STANDARD SAFETY EQUIPMENT COMPANY 232 WEST ONTARIO STREET CHICAGO 10. ILLINOIS NEWARK 4, N. J. spy (ROADWAY CLEVELAND 10, OHIO 8SS EAST ISlnd ST. LOS ANGELES 16, CAL. 295* CRENSHAW (LTD. Work gloves of heavy twisted loop pile fabric protect the hands against rough, sharp and hot objects. (C. Walker Jones Co.) L5CHTMAN LEATHERS NEWARK, N. J. For Best Results INSIST ON LICHTMAN Heat Resistant LEATHER For Protective Clothing Section 4--Personal Protection No Time Wasted! WHEN WORKERS WEAR STA0AFE WINDSOCKS The Safety Hat Liners That Need No Installation 9" length $2.64 Doz. 11" length $3.00 Doz. Windsock is a throw-away type head covering that's easy to use. Inexpensive--it actually costs less than the time alone spent by a worker in installing or in removing a permanent type liner. Warm, lightweight and snug-fitting. Windsock puts an end to those chilly drafts that whistle between the safety hat shell and cradle. Write for Descriptive Bulletin No. 52 STANDARD SAFETY EQUIPMENT COMPANY 232 West Ontario Street, Chicago 10, Illinois 1 A JaOrSifcfa . n tl Gei Use^^^Stanzoils Only a liquid-tight glove gives positive phys ical protection from chemicals and germs that cause hand dermatitis. Also protects products from contamination by hands. PIONEER milled neoprene stands extra hours of use in contact with oils, acids, caustics, deter gents and solvents--has higher tensile, greater tear resistance than any other oil-resistant rubber. Super-safe grip creates confidence, speeds work--handles wet slippery objects as if dry. 32 PIONEER styles, weights sizes and colors. Send for Stanzoil catalog--shows quickly how to select best, most economical glove for each job. Stanzoil N-$0 Whitecapt lightweight neoprene, sanitary white. Non-slip , grip, curved fingers. Length iOVi*. n. PIONEER Rubber Company 237 TIFFIN ROAD WILLARD, OHIO 122 heat, as in steel mills, heat treatdB plants, welding, galvanizing, gr* manufacturing, etc. Asbestos gloves may be obtainJB unlined or with wool lining fj added comfort and protection. | Heat-repelling mittens of alurrsi 1 num-coated fabric between two laj,' 1 ers of asbestqg, jersey lined, o[f^ 1 unusual protection against ] These mittens ard reversible. ` Rubber, neoprene and vinyl fjj^ are suitable for chemical laboratories and plants where acids, and other corrosives are handled. Neoprene and vinyl are parties, lariy useful where petroleum prod ucts and some organic solvents are handled. Synthetic films vary jj their resistance to chemicals and the manufacturer should be consulted about exposures. Fabrics coated with rubber, neo prene or vinyl are used for light cleaning operations. They offer greater protection against abrasion than uncoated fabric. When rubber or plastic gloves are worn for long periods, a lightweight cotton liner is desirable. If no liner is available, talcum powder should be shaken into the gloves before wearing. Rubber, plastic and asbestos gloves should be long enough to come well above the wrists. Gauntlets should be equipped with locking devices to assure a snug fit about the wrists. Sleeves should be kept rolled down, leaving no skin exposed. Metal mesh gloves are used in meat and other cutting. They should fit snugly. Linemen's gloves. Rubber gloves worn by linemen and others en gaged in electrical work are of a special type made to exacting speci fications. They should be tested reg ularly and discarded when found worn, cracked or punctured. For line work, overgloves of leather are worn to protect the rubber against damage. Generally, gloves should not be worn when operating revolving ma chinery. An exception is buffing and polishing on high-speed lathes where parts become too hot to handle with bare hands. Wrist and Arm. Gauntlets offer some protection to the wrist, and arm protectors guard the forearm against light blows. The materials, depending on the protection re quired, include duck, wool leather, rubber, plastics, and asb vt,a. Fingerstalls may be um-<1 me a complete glove is not :.. .~.*ary. National Safely Newt. Marti. 1954 provides complete protection pr men operating high speed cutting and milling ftiachines VEST Four bullets of .22 and .38 caliber were fired at close range as shown on the above photograph. Note that none of these missiles--even at high velocity--was able to penetrate the Shok-Vest. X-ray examination shows bullets still embedded in the light, but super-tough armor. Developed by Lockheed safety engineers, the McDonald Shok-Vest provides complete torso and groin protection--so effectively that even a .38 caliber bullet fired at close range can not penetrate this laminated glass-cloth vest. The Shok-Vest is light in weight (less than 3 lbs.) and only thick. Comfort able to wear --but absolutely does not restrict.working freedom. Hinged groin protector allows complete freedom for operator when standing, bending or stooping. WRITE FOR BUUETIN AND PRICES F-MDorrM COMPANY MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF INDUSTRIAL Safety EQUIPMENT 5721 WEST Kid ST, LOS ANGELES 45 1255 Howard Son Frn<tu 3 3745 Grtenbriar Dr., Howto* 5 .a Section 4-->Personaf' Profec#on FLAME RESISTANT for Greater Safety THE NEW NEOPRENE APRON Protect workers against hazards of fire, acids, caustics, oil, etc. Prevent loss of man hours. Save a life. Resists heat --absolute safety when working with combustibles, liquids or sparks. THE KENNEDY "Veki" Safety Cap POSITIVELY COVERS ALL HAIR Stylo No. 75-GN. Combination twill with mnh back. Adjustable olacticmado to fit all head si. Workers can got all thoir hair in this cap-- it's proforrod nationally. SPECIAL CLOTHING MADE TO YOUR SPECIFICATIONS Also manufacturers of Leather Aprons, `'Qhem-Tex*' Plastic Aprons, Fire Resisting Duck and Asbestos Aprons, Welding Curtains. WRITE DEPT. N-3 for complete information RELY ON KENNEDY-- "We ore pledged to safety" V. E. KENNEDY-- INGALLS CO. 3735 NORTH 35TH STREET MILWAUKEE 16, WISCONSIN LEADING MANUFACTURER OF SAFETY GARMENTS PROTECTION! PRODUCTS INCLUDE GLOVES SPATS HELMETS MITTENS ARM PROTECTORS SLEEVES HATS PANTS COATS MASKS APRONS FOUNDRY LEGGINGS FOUNDRY BLANKETS FINGER . PROTECTORS JUMPER SUITS OVERSHOES CURTAINS KNEE PADS HAND PADS MADE IN ASBESTOS --LEATHER --FIREPROOFED DUCK HOLCOMB SAFETY GARMENT CO. 118 North Jefferson Street Chicago 6, Illinois 124 These are available in combo of one or more fingers. used are rubber, leather, pjj duck, asbestos, and Hand leathers, or metal hand mpa<^SiLi often more satisfactory than gj1 for protection from heat, abrasjJ* splinters. They can be made heZ and less flexible than gloves, tv' should not be, worn around mow? machinery. ' s Protective Creams Creams are helpful in protect!, the skin against many irritants w], safety clothing is 'not practical,? These products are made in watc, soluble and water-resistant typjl each in severed grades for differi. 1 exposures. ! Water-soluble creams are used f0f protection against cutting oils, paint, lacquers, varnishes, etc. Water-resisting applications aj, used where the cutting oil, cooling lubricant, or other irritant has a water content of more than 10 per cent. These can be removed with soap and warm water. To be effective, coatings should be renewed frequently. They are not intended for protection against high ly corrosive substances. Leg Protection PROTECTION for the legs is re quired in certain industries against the hazards of hot materials, corro sive substances, blows from sharp tools or heavy objects, and bites of poisonous snakes. Protective garments vary from waist-length leggings to spats. For some occupations the extra protec tion of the longer types is desirable. Materials commonly used are: 1 Asbestos for protection against molten metal, severe heat and heavy sparks. 2. Chrome-tanned leather for less severe exposure to splashes and sparks. 3. Fire-resistant duck to ward off tight splashes and sparks. Combination foot guard and shin guard. Notional Safety News, March, 1954 Section 4--Personal Ptofvoioa N-32 Medium weight neo prene. t 1* length. Sizes 10, 11 NL-34 Neoprene coated, elastic knit lined. Non-slip grip. Small, medium, large. fN-54 Heavy neoI prene. Curved fin gers. 14* length. Sizes 9, 10, 11. When employees hands are comfortable and properly protected by the right gloves for the job: there are fewer work stoppages injury claims decrease work goes faster, pro duction increases --all at lower per hour glove cost to your plant! Long-wearing liquidtight neoprene Stanzoil industrial gloves resist damage from acids, oils, solvents, caustics. 3 2 styles, weights, sizes, col ors. New PIONEER cata N-31 milled log shows you at a glance neoprene. how to select the most Lightweight. efficient and economical 10 Vi* length. gloves for eachoperation. Sizes 7. 7 Vi, 8, It pays you to write for 8 Vi, 9 your copy today. N-36 Medium weight neoprene. Curved fingers. 11" length.Sizes 10,11. R-28 Extra duty twin-lined insu lating style. Neo prene coated. SCIENTIFIC INDUSTRIAL SUPPLY CO. 2955 South Vornon Avo. Chicago 16, Illinois DAnubo 6-4335 17 E. 23rd StrMt National Safety Nwi, March, 1954 4. Rubber, neoprene and plastic for work with acids, alkalis and hot water. 5. Lightweight alloys or fiber for pro tection against blows from axes, adzes, and heavy objects. Men who work with molten metal use leggings designed to be removed instantly in an emergency. The leg gings should have flares to protect the instep, and should be free from projecting buckles and clasps. Shinguards of metal or fiber may be obtained separately or combined with footguards which cover the instep. Chrome leather, when new, is less resistant to hot metal splashes and sparks. With use it acquires a tougher surface. It has been recom mended that the operator keep out of the line of fire as much as pos sible until the garment has been broken in. Knee pads are worn on jobs which require continuous kneeling. Poisonous snakes are a hazard in some regions. Construction, petro leum, public utility and farm work ers are among those most exposed. Bites received by a standing person are invariably below the knee. High boots are frequently worn, but more effective protection is provided by fiber leggings. Coverings of water proofed duck protect the leggings against long wet grass. Protect With The Best PROTECT WITH MILLER APRONS LEGGINGS GLOVES BUCKETS PITCHERS TUBING CARBOY CLOTHING TILTERS MATS & FOOTWEAR MATTING HOSE FUNNELS it DIPPERS Largest Stocks in New York City Immediate Delivery SPECIAL items made TO YOUR SPECIFICATIONS For Complete Information Send for Catalog No. tOt <V.S. MILLER PRODUCTS COMPANY, INC. 33NS Warren St., New York 7, N. Y. 125. Section 4--Personal Protection Designed for PROTECTION Respiratory Protection --From page 105 Filters should be replaced when clogged, and the used ones dis! carded. Canisters should be replaced at regular intervals as recommended by the Bureau of Mines. Even when not in use they lose their effective( ness with time. Cleaning and disinfecting. All parts, except canisters and car tridges, should be cleaned after use. Face pieces, air lines and hose may be washed with soap and water, rinsed in clear water, and dried. All respiratory devices should be disinfected before being passed from employee to employee. Methods of disinfection include: 1. Immersion in solution of quaternary ammonium salt detergent. This mate rial is not injurious to skin or to rubber. 2. Subjection to a moist atmosphere of antiseptic gas, such as formaldehyde, for 10 minutes. 3. Immersion for 10 minutes in a solution of formalin made by dissolving 1 part of 40 per cent formaldehyde in 9 parts of water. Parts should be rinsed thoroughly after sterilizing to remove traces of disinfectant, then dried. Elastic head bands may be dam aged by sterilizing but they should be washed with soap and water. Bands should be replaced when the respirator is transferred to another employee. CLOTHING can take it! Tough -- wears like iron, takes endless snagging, scraping, chafing and still gives full protection. Rotproof -- not affected by oils or chemicals -- will not blister, crack or peel. Waterproof -- made with top quality base fabric, first saturation-coated, then coated on the inside as well as on the outside with specially blended Neo prene Latex. Many styles -- in black, yellow or Hunter's green Write for catalog THE H. M. SAWYER & SON CO. Cambridge, Mass. 124 Occupational Disease Facts The incidence of occupational dis eases is considered greater than records indicate, since the effects of these dis eases are reportable only when disabil ity becomes evident. In a recent year 5 per cent of the compensation claims approved by the Wisconsin Industrial Commission were for occupational diseases. The amount of compensation paid was 4 per cent of the total. The New York State Workmen's Compensation Board reported occupa tional diseases as 3 per cent of all cases. About 6 per cent of the compensation paid was assigned to occupational dis eases. The seriousness of occupational dis ease is quickly apparent The average disease award in New York, was for 80 weeks, compared to 34 weeks for all other cases.- In Wisconsin the average disease award was 16 weeks, compared to 14 weeks for accidents. If dermatitis cases are excluded the average New York disease award rises to 146 weeks, and the average Wisconsin award to 26 weeks. EMALFON --SINGER'S "Patented INSULATED GLOVE A new kind of glove--no different it's patented--ideal on hot jobs that do not exceed 700 degrees. Made with three thicknesses of material: Outer layer of terry cloth, treated to make it flame* resistant; inner layer of all-wool for added insulation; third layer (next to skin) of soft, fleeced cotton. This combi* nation gives flexibility and long wear. In many cases it has replaced asbestos gloves at a big saving. Fine for extra warm welding jobs. If not available from your safety equip* ment dealer, write us for information and prices. NEW CATALOG--just off the press! Trade Mark Re*. U S. Pat. Off. Patent No. 2,650,345 SINGER GLOVE MFG. CO. 860 W. WEED ST. CHICAGO 22 "Work Gloves That Sing" APRONS THAT PROTECT Flame Resistant Acid Resistant 4 Grease & Oil Resistant OTHER SAFETY FIRSTS W.ld.n' Curtain., Glov.t, Hand Pads for St..l and Glass Handl.rs. ALL BASCO - QUALITY PRODUCTS Send for our FREE catalog. What are your needs? Write for Samples and Prices. ASSOCIATED BAG & APRON COMPANY 2450 W. Bsldsn Avs., Chicago 47, III. National Safety Newt, March, 1954 Multi-Tenant Buildings GILDINGS shared by several ten- nts must impose restrictions which f0 not confront companies which [jave sole occupancy. Fellow ten ets and the building management, ^ well as the company's own per sonnel. must be considered. Tenants of these buildings are usually smaller concerns engaged jn mercantile and light manufac turing operations. Often the bulld ogs are located in built up districts. Traffic and parking may cause diffi culties. Zoning regulations may restrict some types of operations and ap proval of buildings and facilities should be secured. Mutual responsibilities for main tenance and services should be understood by tenant and manage ment. The following should also be checked: 1. Floor load capacity. 2. Plant protection Type of building construction Exits Fire alarms and fire-fighting ap paratus Emergency lighting equipment Watchman service Proximity to hazardous operations 3. Electric wiring--Is it adequate and safe for light and power require ments? 4. Ventilation and exhaust--To protect health of employees and avoid creating a public nuisance. 5. Elevators -- Location and provision for operation and maintenance. 6. Personal service facilities Wash and rest rooms Neighboring restaurants and pos sibilities for in-plant feeding. 7. Public transportation and parking. 8. Possibilities for expansion. Waterproof Covers Waterproof covers are often needed to protect material and equipment against water damage in case of fire. They are also useful for other emer gencies such as leaks in piping or when rain enters through broken windows or tom roofing during se vere windstorms. In addition to the familiar tar paulin, waterproof covers of vinyl plastic sheeting are used for some purposes. These covers are non conductors of electricity and are transparent enough for easy visi bility of work to be done. They are sometimes used by public utility companies for protecting linemen's repair work. They are also used for covering boats and trucks and for other specialized uses. National Saftty Nows, March, 1954 INDUSTRY j. I ii TREMBLES American industry is a big, powerful, moving force capable of creating i 00-story skyscrapers, fifty-thousand- ton warships, 200-passenger aircraft, and atom bombs by the score. Its heart is as big as ail outdoors and its friends are as numerous as the sands on a beach. , But every once in a while, its mighty arms tremble and its massive heart skips a beat . . . and the cause of it all is a little man . . . but a very important man . . . the welder. American industry herself is a tribute to the welder's efforts. Still, when he moves into the shop for a repair job, American industry -- as big as she is -- holds her breath . . . for the welder brings with him a shower of sparks and the almost constant threat of fire. After the recent disastrous fires, we placed our full research facilities on the problem of the welder and his sparks . . . and have developed a simple system to con trol these sparks and globules of hot metal. Write to us at one of the addresses shown below and we will send you information on Stasafe developments de signed to help American industry protect herself against the sparks from her favorite son . . . the welder. STANDARD SAFETY EQUIPMENT COMPANY 232 WEST ONTARIO STREET CHICAGO 10. ILLINOIS NEWARK 4, N. X. 597 IROADWAr CLEVELAND 10. OHIO <55 (AST 15tad ST. LOS ANGELES 16, CAL. S9St CRENSHAW ILVD. 127 Section 4--Personal protection STA0AFE HAIRGARDS for Cooler, More Comfortable Hair protection For Full Information writ* today for Hairgard Bulletin No. 53 ALL MODELS ARE: Adjustable Lightweight Safe Designed for safety, StaSafe Hairgards guard against scalping and possible infection from oil mist and dust. They are available in a wide variety of attractive styles and color combinations. -#naeM.cf STA@AFE/2W*Wl. STANDARD SAFETY EQUIPMENT CO. 232 WEST ONTARIO STREET . CHICAGO tO, ILLINOIS FOR SAFETY and PROTECTION FROM THE WET GREASE OILS ORDINARY ACIDS TOWER'S FISH BRAND *NEOPRENE These sturdy, durable, 100% DuPont NEOPRENE gar ments give that extra serv ice to those who require protection from greases, oils, and most acids. There is a TOWER protective gar ment especially adaptable for every type of industrial activity. We will be glad to recommend the garment which best meets your in dividual requirements. *A chemical rubber product of the DuPont Company For folder of styles and detailed information write Deportment NS. NEOPRENE RUBBER'. A. J. TOWER CO. ^bbas 14 SIMMONS ST.BOSTON. MASS. lit No. 2396A REINFORCED LEATHER GAUNTLET W* ) No. 1250 ASBESTOS JSSSt? Beei*. Advance"glov by industry and Worker aide* as Hia superior work * gtbve because they are designed? for specific job applications. High quality materials, exacting workmanship and Advance mass, production techniques insure you of o product that you can depend on for quality and wearability ot low cost. ? Three styles of these economical, longer wearing gloves are shown above. For the complete story on the Advance line of work gloves and safety clothing for all industries, write today for the latest catalogue. */4iette* tuoftd ffam ft* fumjttte GIOVE MANUFACTURING CO. National Saf.ty Newt, March, 1954 Section 4--Personai Protection Foot Protection tf/jOTWEAR for the industrial orker must protect the feet against '*oisture and hot substances, rough ^rfaces and sharp objects underfoot, * d fading objects. Shoes must be durable, properly fitted and comfort[jje. Many types of industrial shoes ^uet these requirements. pootguards, supplementing safety fioes for more severe exposures, protect the instep as well as the toes. Safety shoes. As generally used, die term means shoes with rein forced toecaps. These are available in a variety of styles for men and women. Steel toecaps are specified for most occupations because of their ability to resist heavy blows. Fiber and plastic are used for shoes worn around electric equip ment where resistance to impact is less important than insulation. Standards. American War Stand ards, Z41 Series, of the American Standards Association, are still the accepted guide for purchasers of safety shoes for men and women. Specifications call for a well-con structed, durable work shoe with the toe reinforced with a steel cap. The cap is supported on a flange resting on the sole. It must support a static load of 2500 pounds and resist the impact of a 50-pound weight dropped one foot. When subjected to either test, the inside of the toecap must not come closer than one-half inch from the upper surface of the sole. Strength requirements for shoes for both men and women are identi cal. Shoes meeting these requirements bear an identification stamp on one shoe of each pair. The stamp indi cates the type of shoe according to the code classification. Distribution To secure acceptance of foot pro tection, safety shoes must be com fortable and properly fitted. Pur chasing must also be made convenient. Many of the larger companies maintain well equipped stores with a wide range of lasts and sizes and trained attendants to fit the shoes. Shoes are sold at cost and employ ees may buy them on the payroll deduction plan. Safety shoes are sometimes awarded as contest prizes. Smaller plants are not always in a position to stock an adequate range of sizes or provide expert fitting service. Many companies have made arrangements with local shoe deal ers whereby employees may pur chase shoes through payroll deduc tion. A mobile shoe service is offered by dealers in some areas. A truck equipped as a shoe store is manned by an experienced fitter who is re sponsible for all adjustments. A variety of styles and a full range of sizes are carried. Periodic visits are An adequate range of styles and sizes, expert fitting, and an attractive stockroom promote safety shoe sales. (John Morrell & Co.) arranged and between visits shoes can be obtained quickly on special order. This service is rendered on a mod erate mark-up basis and the plant can charge the employee any part of the cost. It is desirable for a worker to have more than one pair of safety shoes so they'can be rotated. Shoes will last longer and be easier on the feet. The wearer will also have a pair available while the other is be ing repaired. Many companies encourage pur chase of safety shoes for dress. They know that the buyer's feet will be protected when the shoes end their days on the job. Types of Shoes Safety shoes, generally, are well made on lasts designed for comfort. They are available in many types and styles, some suitable for street wear. The protective toecap does not add appreciably to the weight or cost of the shoe. General purpose shoe. The most widely used type is the blucher, in high cut or oxford styles. It is avail able in a wide range of sizes, widths and lasts, ranging from rugged, heavy-duty styles to those suitable for street wear. It is the basic type, with certain differences in detail for special occupations. Foundry shoes. An early type of safety shoe was the foundry shoe with elastic panels at the sides. There is no opening on the instep where molten metal or hot sand can pene trate and the shoe can be pulled off quickly in an emergency. This model is furnished with steel box toe. Spark-proof shoes. Shoes with brass hooks and eyelets and brass nailed heels are worn in some in dustries where sparks from iron or steel might ignite flammable gases. Shock-resisting shoes. Some are non-metallic with fiber box toes; others have steal box toes which are partially insulated. These shoes are designed for work around electric , current. They are also worn by those handling flammable materials, by workers in-explosives plants, and in grain products refining operations. Conductive shoes are designed to ground body static and prevent its building up in the body to the point where it could cause a spark. The conductivity of these shoes is affected by other conditions. Wool, natural silk and nylon socks act as insulators to the body; cotton, lisle To page 142 f.i.. M. Meteefc T9*4 129 Section i--Personal Protection COMING EVENTS Mar 7-9, Louisville, Ky. Southern Safety Conference and Ex position (Kentucky Hotel). W. L. Groth, executive director, P. O. Box 8927, Richmond 25, Va. March 10-11, Philadelphia, Pa. Twentieth Annual Philadelphia Re gional Safety and Fire Conference and Exhibit (BeUevue-Stratford Hotel). Walter W. Matthews, managing direc tor, Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce Safety Council, Architects Building, 17th and Sansom Sts., Philadelphia 3. Mar. 17-18, Indianapolis, IntL Central Indiana Safety Conference and Exhibit (Claypool Hotel). Jack E. Gunnell, director, Indianapolis Safety Council, 320 N. Meridian St., Indi anapolis 11, Ind. Mar. 22-23, Boston 33rd Annual Massachusetts Safety Conference and Exposition. (Hotel Statler). Edgar F. Copell, president, Massachusetts Safety Council, 31 State St., Boston 9, Mass. Mar. 24, Madison, Wis. Wisconsin Canners' Safety Institute. March 29-30, Dallas, Tex. Annual Texas Safety Conference. (Baker Hotel). J. O. Musick, general manager, Texas Safety Association, 830 Littlefield Bldg., Austin, Tex. March 29-31, Los Angeles First Annual Southern California Safety Congress. (Ambassador Hotel). Joseph M. Kaplan, secretary-manager, Greater Los Angeles Safety Council, 610 South Main St., Los Angeles 14, Calif. Mar. 30-Apr. 1, Pittsburgh, Pa. Twenty-ninth Annual Western Penn sylvania Safety Engineering Conference and Exhibit (Hotel William Penn). Harry H. Brainerd, executive manager, Western Pennsylvania Safety Council, 605 Park Bldg., Pittsburgh 22, Pa. Apr. 5-6, Toronto, Ont Industrial Accident Prevention Asso ciations, Annual Convention (Royal York Hotel). R. G. D. Anderson, gen eral manager, 600 Bay St., Toronto 2, Ont. Apr. 5-9, New York Twenty-fourth Annual Greater New York Safety Conference and Exposition (Statler Hotel; Convention, April 5-9; Exposition, April 6-9). Paul F. Strieker, executive vice-president, Greater New York Safety Council, 60 East 42nd St., New York 17. Apr. 14-16, Charleston, W. Va. Twentieth Annual West Virginia Statewide Safety Conference. Charles Hopkins, managing director, West Vir ginia Safety Council, Inc., 316-17 Masonic Building, Charleston 1, W. Va. Apr. 20-22, Buffalo, N. Y. Fourteenth Western New York Safety Conference and Exhibit (Hotel Statler). Eugene C. Hohlstein, executive secre tary, Blaw-Knox Co., Buflovak Equip ment Div., 1543 Fillmore Ave., Buffalo 11. Apr. 20-22, Detroit, Mich. Michigan Safety Conference (Sher- aton-Cadillac Hotel). Jerry E. Moore, executive secretary, c/o Corporate Serv ice Inc., 2210 Park Ave., Detroit X, Mich. Apr. 20-22, Columbus, Ohio Twenty-fourth All-Ohio Safety Con gress and Exhibit (Deshler-Hilton Ho tel). James H. Fluker, superintendent, Division of Safety and Hygiene, Indus trial Commission of Ohio, Columbus 15, Ohio. Apr. 27-28, Fort Wayne, Ind. Northeastern Indiana Safety Confer ence and Exposition. Ivan A. Martin, manager, Safety Council, Chamber of Commerce, Fort Wayne 2, Ind. Apr. 27-29, St Louis, Mo. Central States Safety Conference. (Hotel Chase). Reyburn Hoffman, secretary-manager, The Safety Council of Greater St Louis, 511 Locust St., St Louis, Mo. Apr. 29, Prairie du Chien, Wis. Southwest Regional Conference, Wis consin Council of Safety. Apr. 30-May 1, Boulder, Colo. Colorado Joint Governor's Teen-Age and Adult Traffic Safety Conference. (University of Colorado). H. A. Storey, executive director, Colorado Highway Safety Council, Room 302, State Capitol Bldg., Denver 2, Colo. May 4-6, Washington, D.C. The President's Conference on pational Safety. William L. Corm0 director. Bureau of Labor Stand United States Department of La" Washington 25, D.C., or Chas. F. j(jander, manager, Industrial Departn\a National Safety Council, 425 N0,, Michigan Ave., Chicago 11. May 4-6, Raleigh, N. C. Twenty-fourth. Annual North Car^ Una Statewide Industrial Safety Cos ference (Sir Walter Hotel). H. s Baucom, safety director, North Cam. lina Industrial Commission, Raleigh, May 5, Bethlehem, Pa. Twenty-seventh Annual Eastern Pennsylvania Safety Conference. (Hotel Bethlehem). H. A. Seward, secretary, treasurer, Lehigh Valley Safety Coun' oil, 602 E. 3rd St., Bethlehem, Pa. May 6-7, Baltimore, Md. Annual Governor's Safety-Health Conference and Exhibit (Lord Balti more Hotel). Joseph A. Haller, director of safety, State Industrial Accident Commission, Equitable Bldg., Baltimore 2, Md. May 13, Sheboygan, Wis. Fox River Valley and Lakeshore Re gional Conference, Wisconsin Council of Safety. May 18, Janesville, Wis. Rock River Valley Regional Confer ence, Wisconsin Council of Safety. May 20, Kenosha, Wis. Southeast Lakeshore Regional Con ference, Wisconsin Council of Safety. May 20-21, Seattle, Wash. Forest Products Safety Conference. (New Washington Hotel). Robert L. Gilmore, c/o Rayonier Incorporated, P. O. Box 539, Hoquiam, Wash. May 27-28, Toronto, Ont Annual Meeting, Mines Accident Pre vention Assn. (King Edward Hotel). S. W. McIntosh, secretary, 320 Bay St., Toronto 1, Ont June 8, Wausau, Wis. Wisconsin River Valley Regional Con ference, Wisconsin Council of Safety. June 9, Eau Claire, Mis. Northwest Regional Conference, Wis consin Council of Safety. Sept 14-16, Cleveland, Ohio Sixteenth Annual Ohio State Safety Conference and Exhibit (Hotel Carter). Carl L. Smith, executive secretary, 2073 East Ninth St., Cleveland 15, Ohio. Sept 16-17, York Harbor, Me. Twenty-seventh Annual Maine State Safety Conference (Marshall House). A. F. Minchin, secretary, Maine State Safety Conference, Department of La bor and Industry, Augusta, Maine. Oct 18-22, Chicago 42nd National Safety Congress and Expositipn (Conrad Hilton Hotel). R. L. Forney, general secretary, National Safety Council, 425 North Michigan Ave., Chicago 11. T30 Notional Safety Newt, March, 1954 Section 4--Personal Protection PUNCTURE PROOF PtOtectfoh! Never before available in safety shoes! Thin, flexible, lightweight stainless spring steel plate under neath outsole. Gives you more protection-- SAFETY IN FRONT SAFETY UNDERNEATH Another RICO Exclusive! NEW, PATENTED TRI-VAC NEOPRENE SOLES AND HEELS PROTECTS FROM ALL WiTTa OCY yppmMC FLEXIBILITY PLUS Even with steel plate, shoe is extremely flexible. Pliant-requires "no breaking in." UNDERNEATH PROTECTION Sharp metal frag ments with jagged ends, spikes, nails, glass, etc., cannot penetrate steel plate. UatlMsof C *tnr Mau Mntffc 19SI NO. S-484, CHUKKA STYLE (Illustrated above) Non-marking Brown Tri-Vac Neoprene Soles and Heels, brown waterproof upper leather, patented welt-sealing process, dacron stitched, genuine rawhide laces, bellows tongue. FREE CATALOG ON REQUEST "Safety Shoes for Every Job in Industry" Ilf NEOPRENE Safety Soles Biltrite Neoprene Oiiproof Composition Soles have long been famous for premium quality and unusual long wear. Now thev are improved still further with the twin SI HESTER Green Safety Plugs. Engi neered specifically for the industrial trade, and for the approval of exacting industrial safetv engineers, ail Biltrite SURESTEP Safety Soles have matching heels of identical materials. Section 4--Personal Protection They Insulate They are Puncture |>r. WOOD SOLES THAT BEND Stock No. 351 An improved REECE "HOT FOOT" SANDAL with two strong sole leather hinges provides real insulation for those hot fobs. Straps on quickly over any shoe. Sizes: Small--Medium-- Large. No. 300..................... One Hinge Sole No. 500......................... Pavers Sandal No. 555..... ..... ...... Hinged Heel Stock No. 809 PROTECT FROM "ATHLETE'S FOOT" No. 440.................... Perfect Rocker No. 809..................... Perfect Rocker No. 140. ................. Platform Rocker No. 180.................. Platform Rocker Sizes--5 to 13 Incl. or small, medium, large, lightweight, sanitary protection. No. 504-S--Double duty for sa{ewith this Reece "Perfect Rocket1 Wooden Sole and Steel Toe Shoe ., made with durable leather uppers. Keeps the feet at body temperature, regardless of room or floor condition; * Sizes--5-13--No half sizes. No.501-S--Same as above with water proof leather for those wet jobs. Stock No. 7711 Reece Acid-Shoe withstands ex treme caustics. Canvas uppers im pregnated with neoprene. "Perfect Rocker" Wood Sole--Lightweight. Sizes--5-13. No half sizes. No. 7704-S--Same as above with built in STRONG STEEL TOE. 134 REECE ORTHOPEDIC SHOE No. X175-CG-Men's No. X173-CG-Women's for BROKEN FOOT BONES-CRUSHED TOES SMOOTHLY finished WOOD SOLE with AIRFOAM insole acts as splint., Keeps injured foot immobile. Keeps a man on the job despite injuries. Fits over bandages. Easily stocked--no lefts--no rights. Also available with out foot guard. SIZES -- SMALL-MEDIUM-LARGE 'Write fa* (fanfitete (fateUoy. Stock No. 511-C. G. Reece Corrugated Foofguard has great strength, is lightweight, can be attached to any Reece "Perfect Rocker" Wood Sole Boot or Shoe. Also protects from hot sand and boiling liquids. Sizes--5-13--No half sizes. REECE WOODEN SOLE SHOE CO. Depf. NS-M-54 Columbus, Nebraska National Safety Newt, March, 1954 5ect>on 4--Person! Protection f-NEO--* H COMP ^4 SOLES & HEELS EMfTREAD DESIGN Greater wear and greater slip-resist ance is afforded by the wider, longer and deeper tread design of the new Neo-Comp sole. Well spaced lug de sign reduces pick-up of foreign material. YELLOW PLUG An easy-to-identify mark that you can depend on for greater comfort, safety and wear. It denotes a quality sole made of oil-resistant duPont Neoprene--"Look for the Yellow Plug before you buy." 18-14 IRON Now Neo-Comp soles are available in 18-14 as well as straight 14 iron thickness. Great er wear-better balance is assured by this new 18-14 iron sole. Avail able in brown, black or natural with straight breast 13 washer matching heel. "Sell 'em the Shoe with the sole for the JobM WRITE FOR SAMPLES TODAY Address a card to the Industrial Division, Gro-Cord Rubber Co., 217 N, Jackson St., Lima, Ohio--Ask for a pair of the new Neo-Comp soles with matching heels. They will be gladly furnished at no cost to you. u toed GRO RD RUBBER CO. UmA, OHIOv Canadian Plant GRO-CORD RUBBER CO. of CANADA LTD Mltonburg, Ontario 135 0 Safety shoe experience is at your call when you consult any of these fine Iron Age representatives. These friendly people operate in all important industrial centers. They have been thoroughly trained to tailor and install safety shoe programs to meet any individual plant requirement. But their first consideration is the foot health, comfort and safety of your employees. Sure, they represent Iron Age and handle the style and value leaders in the safety shoe industry. But Iron Age believes in service first. That's ________ why ours is the fastest growing line. Ask us to have the Iron Age representa tive in your locality survey your opera tion without obligation. He will impar tially recommend the stock of safety shoes that will best suit your needs; styles that will appeal most and give you improved rate of employee coverage. JAMES H. CHILDS, JR. Salas Manager CALL UPON THEUf'ia albeb Ho W|Y CHILDS, JR. "`ho*"8 om`8 CHARLES GARMANN Pittsburgh, Pa. ANDREW MAY Chicago, III. E. A. MEYER Los Angeles, Calif. ROBERT H. LOHR Detroit, Mich. V' KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE FOR FRIENDLY ADVICE *AKR gham, Al0. GRACE R. CHRISTIE Buffalo, N. Y. G. S. ALDERSON Hinton, W. Va. D. C. MACNAUGHTON Philadelphia, Pa. ROBERT D. BURNS Boston, Mass. Iron Age STEEL TOE Safety Shoes The Safety Shoe For Industrial America w t \ scientifically engin material ha* made the *otes of / a* important a* the protects / / prene--a synthetic rubber remarkable characteristics--has i standard of work shoo and safi service and comfort, giving unp wear and protection under the ishing conditions. - By their very chemical nature, non types of Bearfoot Neoprene Soles < ject to the usual deterioration from ( with sunlight, oxygen, oils, greases' acids and industrial chemicals. Besid safety factor involved, this eharacl results in remarkably <tpng service | these soles in fields where rubber 01 position soles deteriorate rapidly. All Bearfoot Neoprene Soles pro excellent insulation for the foot ag temperature extremes. In addition important protection for the wearer, | soles do not break down under heat, giving an indefinitely long service I foundries, road-building and roofing v and other industries where high temp tures destroy shoe bottoms quickly. All types of Bearfoot Neoprene Soles j phenomenal wear. Neoprene Type "S a DuPont development fabricated naily into a shoe sole by Bearfoot--}j a unique resistance to abrasion and wears any other soling material of kind known to us. Also, through its I density and toughness, Type"S" Neop is highly resistant to cutting, giving protection and longer wear in industrj where sharp grit and hot or cold me chips cut ordinary soles to ribbons.1 types of Bearfoot Neoprene Soles eij "micro-cellular" in construction, using i ferent forms of Neoprene and contain)! countless perfect little nitrogen -fillj "bubbles" to make a thicker, lighter 11 HAT IS A SAFETY SHOE? It used to be a shoe with a protective toe Now it is a shoe with a NEOPRENE SOLE and a protective toe for toft, cushiony comfort. These soles ' outwear any other micro-cellular soling material known to us. All type* of Bearfoot. Neoprene Soles offer unusual protection against slipping. Lab> oratory tests--made on many different flooring jurfaces, both dry and coated with . Wathr, oil and other substances -- show Type "S" Neoprene has a squeegeeaction and gives maximum traction. Bearfoot Neoprene Soles are made in four type*. On the chart at right are compared . both their characteristics and those of con ventional work soles also fabricated by The Bearfoot Sole Co., Inc. A TRUSTED NAME ON SHOE BOTTOMS SINCE 1924 raii[?Biica@soiE$: ..PROVED THE IDEAL SAFETY SOLES FOR EVERY INDUSTRY which of thesej four soles is best for your workers? resistance TO j?jr '& s /AoT'. ,oV DETERIORATION CUTTING (Metal Chip*, Grit, < i "...... ..... OIL, CAUSTICS, CHEMICALS 'INSULATION VALUE (Electrical) f----------------------------------INSULATION VALUE (Heat and Cold) 1 WEIGHT ! CUSHION COMFORT 2J Dsign 3 !D**ign3l Nop 2 Nap 2j I 2 j P|CK THE RIGHT SOLE / ri-vn ------ I Bearfaot Type "S" Neoprene features longest wear, hijhttl resistance to slippage and to cutting and abrasion by sharp grit and chips, The other three typos of Soarfoot Neoprene aro micro-cellular soles, featuring light weight, soft floating eomfort and massive good looks while still main taining a very high rating on endur ance and safety. All types of Bearfoot Neoprene Soles are fully flexible, are supplied in attractive colors, and maintain their shape and profile edge indefinitely without spreading or deterioration. tow available on ALL famous brand safety shoes KlYs 1 = Superior; 2 = Excellent; 3=Good; 4=Fair v THE BEAR BOSTON: 183 ESSEX STREET . J. M. Calvin, Manager MWILWAADUKSEWE: O122R5TWHAT,EOR SHTRIEOET C. R. Gage, Manager CO., IMS . ST. LOUIS: 1602 LOCUST STREET f. . Alston, Manogsr jecnon --rerionai noivsn No matter what kind o: in foot safety... Lehigh1 WRITE FOR THIS TODAY THIS ONE'S A DILLY --an all-felt, plastic-bottomed "Parka" boot developed to prevent frostbite common in mines and lumber camps. 7-layer toe construction includes aluminum foil liner that reflects body heat and acts as vapor-barrier. To be worn with rubbers, or 4-buckle arctic in deep snow. MUCKER--a brand new type of steel-toe safety work boot devel oped by Lehigh for engineers, oil field workmen and all others who get into muck and sludge. Levis or regular pants can be tucked inside or worn outside. Loose fitting top is cooler.easier than laced-up boots. 140 HIGH WIRE ARTIST--specially designed for linemen. Built up heel hooks the pole step--steel plate and extra leather wedge under the arch keep feet from going to sleep on narrow rungs. Note extra flap at instep to resist scraping against pole; ease pressure of climb ing spikes. National Safety News, March, 1954 Section 4--Personal Protectrom a problem you've got knows the answer: free display poster Your employees will find it easy to order the best safety shoe for any job--from this poster in your safety or stores depts. Shows all 57 different styles that Lehigh makes, with com plete details. You can order one pair or hundreds, as you need them. Size W- x 24"--no advertising. sa*ety shoes LEHIGH SAFETY SHOE COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES) shipping and receiving address: FIRST and MINOR STREETS, EMMAUS, PA. SPORT SHOE? Try and tell this one from any ordinary crepe-soled oxford! But the sole is Neoprene crepe that resists oil, grease, heat and abrasion, and inside is steel toe that withstands impacts up to a ton. Your men will like this smart way to save on two-in-one shoes for dress and work. National Safety Nows, March, 1954 BRILLIANT YELLOW TOE CAP identifies this shoe in atomic energy plants so it can't be worn outside dangerous radia tion areas. A simple change to adapt one of Lehigh's most popular work shoes to a highly specialized industrial hazard. What's yours? TOO WET FOR SHOES-TOO HOT FOR BOOTS? Creameries, dairies, pack ing plants needed an in-between safety shoe for wet-floor departments. So Lehigh came up with this light-weight, ankle-hugging boot that keeps feet dry and safe--helps to prevent bone-breaking skids and falls. 141 Section 4--P*t*ono( Protection SAFETY m. COMFORT with TOP NOTCH INDUSTRIAL FOOTWEAR OILACE COVERALL All neoprene, net lined short boot with adjustable knee strap and black neoprene non-skid design outsole. Also available, a Neoprene 12" Snugfit Boot and a regular Neoprene Short Boot. WQRKIN 6" all rubber work shoe with the ap pearance of a leather shoe, DURATEST non-skid design outsole, cushion insole. Steeltoe or plain. BAR-FLEX SHORT All black industrial boot with white Bar-Flex outsole, the patented outside arch and heel for more comfort and traction. Also avail able, the regular industrial Boot in all heights, and a popular price Utility Boot. TOP 'NOTCH' INDUSTfMl *F MMACUOSN , CONN DURATEST SOLE BEACON FALLS RUBBER FOOTWEAR BEACON FALLS, CONNECTICUT 142 Foot Protection --From page 129 or rayon are satisfactory. Foot der also serves as an insulator floor as well as the shoes must C't conductor. Rubber footwear. Where ^ must be done in deep mud 01,(. water, rubber* boots contribute '! health, comfort and safety. boots are available with steel toes. Soles and 'Heels Leather is comfortable and ^ 1 rable for normal conditions. Q,J leather will not give satisfactory! service where heat is excessive 0', I where the shoe is subjected to con!. I tinuous dampness. Chrome taring 1 leather is more resistant to heat. Rubber is resistant to moisture, alkalis and most acids. It deterio. rates quickly when exposed to grease, oil, solvents, some acids, or excessive heat. Neoprene is resistant to moisture and to grease, oil and solvents that would ruin rubber. It stands up well against cutting and abrasion. Cord soles and heels of rubber or neoprene, similar in construction to automobile tires give good traction under severe conditions for many years, Cork blended with the rubber or neoprene is an excellent material. Slip resistance is good and the soles are light and flexible. Cork also helps to insulate the feet against heat or cold. Wood soles are used for extreme conditions of heat, damp ness, oil, acids or caustics underfoot. They are popular in steel mills, foundries, and other hot operations. They also afford protection against nails, broken glass, scrap metal, and other sharp objects. National Safety News, March, 1954 s Jen-soled shoes can be ob^with steel toecaps or with which cover toes and insteps. firfhLe shower baths are used, pa- " dippers or woo^en sandals are ft times provided to reduce the so01 r 0f foot infection. Paper slip- gj-g destroyed after one use; peI*|ajs must be disinfected frefently- Foot Guards ylhere unusually heavy objects handled, feet may need more Section than shoes with rein- ?\L.gd toes. For such work, there foot guards of heavy gauge, Lnged and corrugated metal. Yhe guards are strapped on over ihe shoes and protect the instep as wgll as the toes. flTith the flange resting on a firm goor surface, foot guards should stand an impact of at least 300 foot pounds without being dented suffi ciently to damage the shoe underaeath or injure the foot. Foot guards are also made with soles of 'rubber or calked steel to minimize slipping hazards. Combination shin-foot guards, with an aluminum alloy shin protector hinged to the foot guard, are avail able. Records for each employee cus tomer should be kept. A 3 x 5 inch card shows name, department, pay roll number, and details of each transaction. These include date, stock number, size, width, price, and payment. On the reverse side of the card, such information as history, details of foot trouble, and other comments may be recorded. Section 4--Fvnoaai NMhit Comfortable, Low Cost Protection sta@me TOE CUPS These heavy gauge steel caps are designed to protect the toes against injury caused by dropping heavy loads or sharp objects on the foot. Reinforced for greater resistance to impact, they offer lightweight, com fortable protection at an economi cal price. Fits on the outside of any square toed shoe. May be ordered with removable attachment for intermittent wear or fastened to the shoe permanently. Write for Bulletin No. 51 STANDARD SAFETY EQUIPMENT COMPANY 232 West Ontario Street, Chicago 10, Illinois ARE YOU FULLY PROTECTING THE FEET OF YOUR EMPLOYEES? If the Shoe Doesn't Fit Misfitted shoes are a frequent source of discomfort and disability, both on and off the job. In industry it has been estimated that 65 per cent of the men and 75 per cent of the women suffer from foot ailments. Comfortable and apparently cor rect shoes are responsible for a sur prisingly large number of cases. Although the shoe may feel com fortable, it may be so constructed that it upsets the normal balance of the foot. Short shoes are among the worst offenders. When too short from the heel to the ball of the foot they can cause more trouble than shoes which are too narrow. Shoe lasts that do not allow for normal foot movement within the shoe cause much foot fatigue. Much of the success of any safety shoe program will depend on the fit and comfort provided. -* c-x-j,. re*u "SAtfkEY" IMPROVED FOOT GUARD `U# "SANKEY" FOOT GUARDS consist essentially of a metal shield to be worn over the shoe whenever the foot is in danger of being either crushed or cut. The metal shield is designed to furnish a maximum amount of protection to the entire front of the foot--not merely the toes alone, but also to the instep against hazards from falling, rolling or flying objects, or from accidental tool blows. Write for a trial pair. For additional information about "SANKEY" Foot, Toe and Leg Protective Guards please write the ELLWOOD SAFETY APPLIANCE CO., 219 Sixth St., Ellwood City, Pa. Foot Guard Equipped With Anti-Skid Full Sole 743 Section 4-Personol Protection Hr YOU NAME 1 THE JOB We'Ve! ( 144 Section 4--Ptrtonol Protection SOLD 2 WAYS 1. At Thom McAn stores. 2. Direct to your plant. Write'today for details of this last-named service and Thom McAn's 4-way employee purchase plan, plus descriptions of the full line of Thom McAn Safety Shoes to ... THOM McAN SAFETY SHOE DIVISION 25 West 43rd Street, New York 36, N. Y. Notional Safety News, March, J954 M5 the WOWsl with the J HY-TEST AMCHOn FLAMOS Safety S6oe& DIVISION OF INTERNATIONAL SHOE COMPANY ST. LOUIS 3, MO. PHILADELPHIA 23, PA. Writs hr Catalog- Broadside H430 Men's Brown $kf Medallion Win# Tip Oxford, Leather Sole, Half Rubber Section 4--Per%onai Protection h i I SAFETY BOX TOE COMPANY National Safety Newt, March, 1954 | Section 4--Personal Protection : ft .-.f'-yf!i-''i. 5' tip' m &*' *;, <Jt ,'rS) m .V& '$$A `M * is -yi #j The development and production of modern safety foot wear are exacting and highly specialized endeavors. Each new foot hazard calls for a trail-blazing job that requires imagination, many varied skills, and downright creative know-how. The net result is a specific shoe for every particular foot hazard. The protection of industrial workers' feet has indeed become a joint enterprise. From the Safety Engineer on the front line back through a vast army of allied technicians the battle for foot safety moves ever forward with promptness and precision. Our part in this foot safety program is to develop and pro duce sturdy austempered steel toes to meet and anticipate every safety footwear requirement. We offer nineteen dis tinctive styles for your safety shoe supplier to select from. WINGUARD 400. of course, is the favorite when fine styl ing is essential. WINGUARD 500 will assure maximum toe protection when heavy duty work shoes are required. Of -\M' |{*V A i ifn jr* a ip,) See us st Booth 5 Greater New York Safety Council 24th ANNUAL Safety Convention and Exposition April 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1954 812 STATLER BUILDING * BOSTON SELLING AGENTS: BECKWITH MANUFACTURING COMPANY, DOVER, N. H. WRIGHT-GUHMAN COMPANY, ST. LOUIS, MO. BECKWITH BOX TOE, LTD., SHERBROOKE, P. Q,, CANADA LENNART UUNGQVIST, THRO, SWEDEN National Safety News, March, 1954 749 Section 4--Pertonal Protection Safety Beits and Harness WHEREVER men work at high levels, in closed spaces where the air may be irrespirable, or where there is danger of being buried by slides of loose material, safety belts and harness with life lines are needed. Occupations in which safety belts are used routinely or occasionally include: linemen, window cleaners, structural steel and bridge workers, cranemen, shipbuilders, forestry workers, miners, mechanics, paint ers, and workers entering tanks, bins and underground passages. In selecting equipment, two types of use must be considered--"normal" and emergency. Normal use involves comparative ly light stresses applied during reg ular work. These stresses rarely ex ceed the static weight of the user. Emergency use means stopping a man when he falls. This may subject every part of the belt to an impact loading many times the weight of the wearer.. Types of Equipment Several types of belt and harness have been developed for various oc cupations. Most familiar of these are the lineman's belt and safety strap and the window cleaner's belt. Belts of these types are built for extra severe use. Belting material and hardware have both received much study. The belts are usually serially numbered and dated so that records of age and condition may be kept. For many occupations a lighter belt will provide ample protection against falls. These may be of the simple body type or the harness type. Both have dees to which a lanyard is attached. The harness type distributes the shock over the shoulders, back and waist instead of concentrating it at the waist. Body harness with lanyard at tached worn by workers in certain locations expedites their rescue if they should be overcome by gas or vapors, buried by falls of loose ma terials or injured in confined spaces. Wherever the work requires a supplied-air respirator, harness and life line should also be used. If long free falls are possible, the harness should be designed to dis tribute the impact force over the 1^ and chest as well as the waist. The longer the free fall, th? greater the impact force exerted upon harness and lanyard. It therefore advisable to tie off the line as short as movements of the worker will permit. Materials. Leather and cotton or linen webbing belts are furnished bv most manufacturers. Well tanned and well oiled leather is not easily attacked by most chem icals but it should not be left in con tact with them. Regular cleaning after use is important. --To page 158 FOR SURE-GRIP TRACTION ON SLIPPERY SURFACES... FOR COMFORT ON HOT, COLD OR WET FLOORS ...USE SKIDMASTER Skidmasters are non-skid sandals worn over the shoes to provide sure footing on slick surfaces, and insulate the feet against the discomfort of working on hot, cold or wet floors. Skidmasters stand up under rough usage. Steel mills, laundries, breweries, dairies, cold storage houses--hundreds of industrial users find them practical insurance against hazardous floor conditions. f Bone-Dry STEEL TOE SAFETY SHOES Promote Safety in Your Plant--Write Today for Bulletin No. 50 STANDARD SAFETY EQUIPMENT CO. 232 West Ontario Street, Chicago 10, Illinois 150 BONEORY SHOE MFC. CO. I TACOMA, WASH. NEOSHO. HO. National Safety Newi , a c ACCIDENT PREVENTION MANUAL "most complete safety reference ever published" A summation of the 38-year safety experience reported to the Council by many hundreds of its industrial members. It is the standard reference for anyone with substantial safety responsibility. The 2nd Edition, published in 1951, contains 812 pages--50% more than the previous edition--completely revised, with 12 new sections added. Each of the 26 sections are also published as SAFETY MANUAL REPRINTS--separate 32-page 6" x 9" pamphlets--to permit low-cost distribution of pertinent material through out an organization. SAFE PRACTICES PAMPHLET $ **supplementing the ACCIDENT PREVENTION MANUAL" Detailed studies of important accident and health problems, 8*/2" x 11", 4 to 8 pages in length. The 51 pamphlets comprising the revised general set have been selected for their continued use as supplements to the 2nd Edition of the ACCIDENT PREVENTION MANUAL FOR INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS. Pamphiets formerly published but not listed in the index on the following three pages have been discontinued in favor of the new SAFETY MANUAL REPRINTS. The GENERAL PAMPHLET SET is in a 11/2" three-ring binder. The SPECIAL INDUSTRY PAMPHLET SET (not included in the Safetymans Library) is in a I" three-ring binder. Selected pamphlets in both sets may be ordered individu ally In any quantity. DATA SHEETS "concise, reliable solutions to your problems" Each DATA SHEET gives you the most authoritative information possible on a specific subject--including the experience of many companies which have dealt with the subject and assisted in preparing the data. They are 8V2" x 11" in size; I to 8 pages in length. Complete sets of DATA SHEETS are now available in two I*/*" three-ring binders--indexed for easy reference. Selected DATA SHEETS may be ordered in any quantity. DETAIL SHEETS "show bow to build if faster--cheaper-safer" Eliminate guesswork and long explanations. DETAIL SHEETS are the easy, time saving way to build safety devices on the job. They are simple working drawings that any competent workman can follow. May be ordered as set, complete with three-ring binder, or by individual sheets. 8f/2x llw, I to * pages in size. SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARDS "fbe handiest file of safety check lists you've ever seen" These 3" x 5" cards are concise check lists of safe practices and accepted methods of performing specific operations. They are invaluable for preparing job analyses, writing speeches and articles, planning safety meetings. The Complete Set consists of approximately 735 cards, including motor trans portation and off-the-job safety subjects, a 2-way index, a set of numerical dividers and a metal file case. The smaller industrial Set contains approximately 500 cards of interest to all industry, plus the Special Industry cards that pertain to the purchasers operations. A Non-Industrial Set also may be ordered as a separate item. See Service Guide 5.2 for a listing of the subjects included in the three sets. The combined index of SAFETY MANUAL REPRINTS, SAFE PRAC- ACCIDENT RECORDS Section 25^ Report forms, accident analysis chart, use of reports, accident investigation, comput ing rates, accident analysis, accident costs, accident records and analysis 214 Acetic Acid D-Chem. 29# Acetone ............ D-Chem. 23# Acid Measuring, Diluting and Transfer Device ... .....................................II2B Acid Plant...................... ...... D-210# Acid, Removing from Carboys (rev. 11-39) ................................D-Cham. 9# Air Compressors and Receivers, Cleaning .............-- ..........D-Ma. 14# Aircraft Ground Fuel Servicing Fire Haiards ................................................D-A. 4# Air Hose Coupling Hooks..............................551 Airplanes, Electrical Grounding of ...D-A. t Air Terminal Vehicular Traffic Safety Guide.......................................................D-A. 3# Alligator Shears, see Shears Amyl Acetate................................................D-208# Aniline ....................... D-Chem. 24# Antimony and its Compounds....D-Chem, 22# Arsenic and Its Compounds.......D-Chem. 13# Asphalt .......... D-215# Atmospheric Conditions in Underground Structures .......................D-250# Autoclave Safety Device, Quick Opening ..........................................................I39B Automotive Equipment Operators on Airport Ramps............. ................D-A. 2# Auxiliaries, see Slashers Babbitting. Bearings............................. D-Ma. 24# back injuries.................................. hpp. 174 Barrel Skids, Adjustable Stand......... .........32B Barrels, Tumbling....................... D-Gen. 18# Barricades, Fence................................................221 Barricades, Horse ............ 211 Barricades & Werning Devices for Highway Construction Work .D-Con. 6# Benzene (Benzol)............................. D-Chem. 47# Blasting, Electric Power Circuits..,.D-Min. 10# Blasting, Stray Currents in Electric ......... D-Min. 2# Bleaching Compounds, Textile ......... D-T. 1# Blow Torches end Plumbers' Furnaces, Gasoline ............. D-Gen. 6# BOILERS Section 3* Purchase and installation, auxiliaries, safety appliances, placing in service, types of fuel, operating in service, taking out of service, emergencies. Bonding Clamps for Pip# Lines......... ........1181 Boring Mechines, Wood-and Hollow Chisel Mortisers.............. D-W. 6# Boring Mills, HorizontalMetal.......... D-Ma. 6# Boring Mills, VerticalMetal ........... D-Me. 8# Bottle Carrier for Corrosive Liquids.......... 71 Bottles and BrokenGlass........................ D-F. 2# BOX MANUFACTURING, PAPER (Rev. 1936)........ ......... ...... PP-2-# Bridge Painting......................... D-RR. 2# Bromine D-Chem. 21# Buildings, Cleaning Exterior Walls of........ ...D-Gen. 12# Bulldozers, sea Motor Graders Cadmium , ............ D-Chem. 42# Calender Rolls, Handling (rev. 4-49) D-PP, 2# Can Opener, Pneumatic... . 301 Capacitors ........D-Pu. 3# Carbon Bisulphide (Carbon Disulphide).......... D-Chem. 1 Carbon Monoxide......... ...... 50# Carbon Tetrachloride (rev. 10-44)............................. D-Chem. 25# Cards, Cotton ............................. .............D-T. 3# Cards, Wool and Worsted. .. .............D-T. 5# Cathode Ray Tubes ................. .......... D-EE. I# Caustic Soda, Handling (rav. 11-49)............................. 2# CEMENT BURNING................ ..............CEM-3-# CEMENT MILL GRINDING, RAW AND FINISHED (Rev. 1941)...................... CEM-2*# CEMENT MILL SHOPS (Rev. 1941) ..CEM-4-# CEMENT MILL YARDS AND RAILROADS ......................................... CEM-6-* CEMENT ROCK QUARRYING AND CRUSHING (Rev. 1943)..................CEM-I-# CEMENT STORING, PACKING AND SHIPPING ............................................. CEM-5-# CHAINS, HOISTING--USE AND CARE OF........................................................... 984 Chains--Safety, for. Locomotives..................661 CHECKING PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR SAFETY.............534 CHEMICAL BURNS............................. CHEM-3^ CHEMICAL LABORATORIES (Rev, 1952).......................................................604 Chisel Bar Holder................................................641 Churn Drills, Drilling Blest Holes Safely with .................................................................. 200# Chute Platforms and Car Stop.................... 82B Chute-Selnmour, Details and Assembly......SIB Chlorates (rev. 7-45)..................... D-Chem. 8# Chlorine ......................................................... D-207# Chloro-Waxes, see Waxes, Electrical Insulating Circuit for Dead Man Control on Mina Locomotives.............................. 80B Cleaning with Hot Water and Steam ................................................D-Gan. 33# Color in Industry.................................D-Gen. 44# COMMITTEES, SAFETY.................................... 724 COMPRESSED AIR MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT........................................ 474 COMPRESSED GASES.................................... 954 CONSTRUCTION BUILDING.............CON-1 # CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION (from 1st edition)^ Demolition of buildings, excavation, hoists, cranes and derricks, miscellaneous machin ery and equipment, welding and cutting, railings and toeboards, ramps, stairways and ladders, scaffolds and staging, steel erec tion, salamanders. CONTESTS, SAFETY.........................................744 CONVEYORS .................................................... 354 Conveyors, Belt, Dust Control for............ 1381 Conveyors--Belt, Safety Stop..... ................. 74B Conveyors, Safety Devices at Pinch Points on Power Driven...................... 77B COORDINATING SAFETY IN INDUSTRIAL AND VOCATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAMS...................Voc. 14 Cores, Cutting Paper..........................D-PP. 9# Cores, see Shafts COSTS IN INDUSTRIAL PLANTS-- ESTIMATING ACCIDENT....................... 1114 COTTON MILLS (Rev. 1947).................... T-I-# Cotton Slashers end Auxiliaries, see Slashers Crane Wheel Guard....................... ..... Crane Rail Stop............... ............... ,. Crane Rail Stop--Temporary.......... ol CRANES, OVERHEAD TRAVELING Cresols ............................................... D-Chem >} CYANIDE COMPOUNDS ............CHEU,6' Cylinder Head Lifter--Horizontal ^ En9'"B .......................................... Cylinders, Safety Clamps for K-Type Oxygan Cylinder and WK-Type Acetylene ........................... ||?k ' ^ . DDT Insecticides, Use of......................D-F . DEMOLITION OF STRUCTURESCOM** Die-Casiing Machines................. , . D-Me, J|. Die Guards, Individual, and Adjustable Press Barriers.............D-M, j;. Digesters, Pulp Mill............................... D-PP DISTILLERIES--GRAIN HANDLING ' DISTILLERIES--MASHING, ^ FERMENTING, DISTILLING AND STILLAGE DRYING .......................... DISTILLERIES--WAREHOUSING AND BOTTLING.................................. f4< Dock Plates and Gangplanks..... D-Gen. 35j Dolly, Hydraulic Lift-Type........... ............ |3| Dolly for Moving Heavy Machinery........ Draglines, see Power Shovels Drill Presses, Metal Working....... D-Me. Drilling in Mines.............................. D-Min. 7f Drinking Water Cooler............................... |0( Drinking Water on Construction Jobs ................................. D-Con. 3t Drop Hammers and Drop Forges... D-Me. 10# Drums, Cleaning, which have held Flammable Substances (rev. 1-48)........ D-Chem. 10# Dry Ice (Solid Carbon Dioxide} (rev. 2-40) ....... D-Chem. Ill Dust Control, Belt Conveyors, see Conveyors DUST EXPLOSIONS .....................................1044 DUST, INDUSTRIAL.............................. HPP. 4+ Electric Extension Cords ............ D-Gen. 21 Electric Equipment, Portable, Grounding ....................................... D-Gen. 42# Electric Motors, see Machinery Electrical Equipment, Grounding in Coal Mines ............. D-Min. If ELECTRICAL HAZARDS Section 15* Electrical injury, equipment selection and installation, switches, fuses and breakers, control equipment, grounding, explosion- proof fittings, extension cords, equipment for testinq, inspection practices, specialized equipment, motors, motor maintenance. Electrical Test Unit for Receptacles.... .1231 Electroplating ........ D-Gen. 46f ELEVATORS ...................................... Equipment Cart for Roof Bolting................1091 Ethyl Alcohol, Industrial................. D-Chem. 48# Ethyl Ether (rev. 7-46)...................D-Chem. 7# Ethylene Dichloride..........................D-Chem. 41 f EXCAVATION WORK ................ Con. 34 EXITS, FIRE ALARMS& FIREDRILLS..........194 Falls Down Openings In Mines, Prevention of...................... D-Min. Ilf Feed Roll Guard for Langston Printer-Slotter ........................... Ferrosilicon.................................... D-Chem. 20 f 158 1271 clRE BRIGADES ...............,..........-................... 36$ iE EXTINGUISHMENT AND CONTROL f Section 184 pined water systems, special fixed systems, portable extinguishers, industrial fire orga nisation. at Extinguisher Washer................................ I36B &, Hose Holder.............................. 96B PREVENTION Section 174 Classification of fires, types of industrial fires, explosive atmospheres, preventing ex plosions, miscellaneous fire causes, fire-safe construction. pre-Retardant Treatment for fabrics......................................................... D-220* pr#-Retardant Treatment for Wood ............................................... D-Gen. 20# firearms for Plant Protection.......D-Gen. 27# prst Aid Facilities, Coal Mines....D-Min. 6 Prst Aid Kits, Unit.......................................D-202* FIRST aid service in INDUSTRY ........................................... HPP. 8# first Aid Station, Portable.................................I8B fLAMMABLE LIQUIDS Section 164- Definitions, classification of liquids, general safety measures, health hazards, tanlc cars, tank trucks, storage, cleaning tanks, com mon uses. floodlight Tower, Portable............................. 411 FLOORS AND FLOORING............................!! floors, Slippery (rev. 4-41).............. D-Gen. I FORGING AND HOT METAL STAMPING .................................................. ;85+ Formaldehyde .................................. D-Chem. IS* FOUNDRIES (Rev. 1938 or 1941)............... 73 + Freight-Car Doors.................................D-RR. 5* Fulminate of Mercury..................... D-Chem. 40* Fusees, Storage and Handling of Fusees and Torpedoes......................D-RR. 7* Sangplanlcs, see Dock Plates Gantry Trucks........................................D-Gen. 24* Gantry (Straddle) Truck Drive Chain Guard.................. 1321 Garnetting Machines.................................D-T. 10* Gate, Plant Railroad Crossing...................... 99B Gear Hobbing Machines...................D-Me. 23* Glass--Broken, Disposal Cans.......................52 Glass--Broken, Disposal Units.........................5I| Glass Shield for Test Stands........................... 791 GOGGLES ............................................................ 14+ Goggles and Respiratory Equipment, Cleaning and Sterilizing...............D-Gen. 16* GUARDING SPECIAU EQUIPMENT Section 104 Cement, quarry, ceramics, food, foundries, garment trades, ice processing, laundry and dry cleaning, meat packing, paper, printing, rubber, tanning and leather, textile. GUARDING AND TRANSMISSION GUARDS, PRINCIPLES OF Section 64 Built-in protection, general safe practices, principles of design, materials, inspections, oiling devices, rails and toe boards, prime movers and transmission equipment, starting and stopping devices, belts, shafting. Guillotine Cutters................................. D-PP. 3* handling of material, manual, AND STORAGE Section 114 Accessories, specific materials: liquids, sol ids; shipping and receiving, fuel and ashes. HANDLING OF MATERIAL, POWER Manganese (rev. 2-43)................. D-Chem. 26* Section 124 Power trucks and tractors, conveyors, cranes, MARINE BOILERS (Rev. 1938)........MAR-2-* MATHEMATICAL TABLES AND DATA other hoisting equipment, ropes, chains and FOR THE SAFETY ENGINEER................78+ slings. MEDICAL SERVICES AND TABLE OF Hatch Cover Fastener for Bulk Cars...........84B CHEMICAL HAZARDS Section 234 HEALTH ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Types of services, medical records, physical Section 214 medicine and rehabilitation, occupational Control of air contaminants, personal serv diseases, mechanical vibration, repeated ices, food service. motion, noise, radiation, occupational in Heat Cramps (And Use of Salt). D-Gen. 15* fections, occupational skin diseases, table HEAT TREATING.......................................Au. 1 + of chemical hazards. Highways and Municipal and MEETINGS, SAFETY ...................................... 77 + Industrial Plant Roadways, MEETINGS, TOPICS FOR (Rev. 1950) ...93 Center Striping of.........................D-Con. 8* MERCANTILE ESTABLISHMENTS........ CE-I-* HOISTING APPARATUS............................... 33 + Mercury (rev. 1-47).....................D-Chem. 17* Hooks--Safety, for Iron Workers..................44B Metal Parts, Removing Oil and Hookup for Main Line Switch Signals....! 101 Grease from (rev. 7-49)............. D-Gen. 13* Hot Line Tools................................................... D-Pu.2* Metallic Sodium .............................D-Chem. 37* Hydro-Extractors ................................D-Gen. 9* Metalizing ............................................. D-Me. 29* Hydrogen Sulphide....................................D-Chem.16*METALWORKING MACHINERY AND Impact Test for Heat Treated Lens.............98B ABRASIVE WHEELS Section 84 Infirmary for Construction Project.............171 INSPECTIONS, SAFETY ................................75+ Jackhammer Devices for Starting Holes,...421 Jackhammers in Quarries........ D-C. & Q. I Jointer Guard..................................... 1031 Jointers, Wood ...................................... D-W. 4* Jumbo Poster Billboard..................................II4B Jumbo Poster Billboard...................................USB Knives, Hand .............. D-Gen. 30* LACQUER MANUFACTURE, PYROXLIN (Rev. 1941)..................CHEM-5^ Ladder, Double Cleat.................. 9B Ladder, Single Cleat........................................... 81 LADDERS (Rev. 1949)...................................... 1 + Ladings, Thawing Frozen......................D-RR. 6* Lathes, Engine........................................ D-Me. 13* Lathes, Wood Turning.......................... D-W. 9* Laver on Carton Punching Press, Safety....871 Lighting, Emergency.................................... D-248* Lime .................................................... D-Chem. 19* Machine tools, metal saws, spinning lathes, abrasive wheels. Methanol ...........................................D-Chem. 18* Milling Machines, Metalworking....D-Me. 3* Mine Car Dumping and Chute Bar............ 83B Mine Car, Seat for Brakeman....................... 1131 Mist Projector ...................................................I04B Mixers and Pavers, ConcreteD-Con. 7* Motor Graders, Bulldozers and Scrapers (rev. 11-47)........D-Con. I* MOTOR TRANSPORTATION Section 204 Driver selection, driver training, sustaining interest, records, reports and analysis, pre ventive maintenance. Naphthalene (Crude and Refined) ...................................... D-Chem. 34* NITRIC AND MIXED ACIDS. FUME POISONING FROM...... CHEM 2M Nitrogen, Oxides of.................................... D-206* NURSING SERVICE IN . LINEMEN'S RUBBER PROTECTIVE INDUSTRY .........................................HPP. 11 + EQUIPMENT ................................... PU-3-* OFF-THE-JOB ACCIDENTS .....................102 + Loading Machines--Mines, see Machines OFFICE SAFETY .............................................. 108+ in Mines ORGANIZING A COMPLETE Lock Rim Holding Device..............................I20B INDUSTRIAL SAFETY PROGRAM........ 42 + Locomotive Appurtenances, Oxalic Acid .................................... D-Cham. 14* Handling ........................................... D-RR. 4* Oxygen, Liquid ................................D-Chem. 50* Looms, Cotton ...........................................D-T 6* Low Voltage Extension Light Cords and Systems ..................................D-Gen. 47* Lubricants, Underground Storage in Coal Mines........................................ D-Min. 5* Lumber, Foundation for Stacking..............HU Luminescent Materials, see Reflecting Paper Bags, Manufacturing Standard..D-PP6* Paper Calenders, Roller Tool for Threading ..................................................62B Paper Machines .................................... D-PP. 14* PAPER AND PULP MILLS........................... PP-I-* Paper Rolls, Stripping, Pneumatic Tool for....... .................................291 Machinery and Electric Motors, Paper Roll Skinners.................. 78B Cleaning .........................................D-Gen. 37* Pavers, Concrete, Safety Guards on.........1351 Machines in Coal Mines, Cutting Perchloric Acid................... D-Chem. 44* and Loading .................................... D-Min. 9* Pedestrian Rail Guard...................................... 65B Machines in Mines, Safe Operation of' PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT, Rocker Type Loading............................. D-209* CONSERVATION OF ............................ 106 + Magazine, Portable ........................................... 28 Phenol (rev. 9-47)......................................D-Chem.3* Magnesium Safety Board................................ 1211 Phosphorus (White) .................... D-Chem. 39* MAINTAINING INTEREST IN SAFETY. ...67+ PHYSICAL DEFECTS ........................... HPP 13 + MAINTENANCE AND MAINTENANCE PHYSICAL MEDICINE IN CREWS Section 24 INDUSTRY .........................................HPP. 16+ Including: buildings, excavation and con Pickers, Cotton .........................................D-T. 4* struction, ladders, scaffolds. Pickers, Wool ........................................... D-T. 7* Man Lifts (rev. 10-50)...................... D-Gen. 2* Picric Acid ...................................... D-Chem. 28* PILE DRIVING CON-4-* Railroad Car Wheels, Changing PIPE LINES AND TANKS, Out ............. D-RR. 3# CHEMICAL Chem. ! RAILROAD TRACK CARS (HAND Piping in Pulp Mills, see Pressure Vessels AND MOTOR) ......... RR-I<4 Pit Guard . 76B Reel Guard on Felt or Paper Machine 92B Planers, Metal .............................. D-Me. 2# Reel Spools, Machined Ends of I28B Planers, Wood, Power Feed D-W. 3# Reels, Drum Type...... D-PP. I# Plant Parking and Public Loading Reflecting and Luminescent Points D-Gen. 28 Materials ... D-Gen. 39# Plumbers' Furnaces, see Blow Torches REFRIGERATING EQUIPMENT Section 5* Poison Ivy, Poison Oak and Types of systems, uses, codes, hazards, lo Poison Sumac .............. D-Gen. 17# cation of equipment, testing--overpressure POISONS, INDUSTRIAL Section 22* devices, fire prevention, toxic end irritating Characteristics, precautions for storage, refrigerants, operation and maintenance, handling and use, and emergency treatment treatments for exposure to gases. for 96 industrial poisons. Removal of Snow and Ice in POLES, HANDLING OF.......................... PU-4- Industry D-Gen. 43# Poles, Setting or Removing, in or Respiratory Equipment, see Goggles near Energized High Voltage Roadways, Center Striping, see Highways Conductors . . D-Pu. 4* Rock, Falling or Sliding in Pole-Top Resuscitation ........... D-Pu. I Quarries , D-C & Q* 2# POSTERS AND BULLETIN BOARDS, SAFETY .......... 384 Rock or Ore, Detecting Loose Rock, Testing, Removing and D-Min. 3# Power Brake Treadle Stop................................561 Supporting Loose D-Min. 4# Power Press Dies, Setting Up Roll Safety Release, Master.... ,............. I37B and Removing D-Me. 1641 Roof Bolting in Mines, Method of Power Press Maintenance, D-Me. 18# Suspending Canvas from Plates ........ I05B POWER PRESSES Section 7* Roof Bolting Sections in Mines, Wire Guards, primary operations, secondary op Hanger ......... ................. ........ I06B erations, auxiliary devices, hydraulic and Roof Sections in Mines, Pipe Support.. 108B air presses, foot (kick) and hand presses, Rope Drop Hammers............... D-217# setup, inspection and maintenance, forging ROPE, FIBER (Rev. 1935 or 1941)................64 and hot metal stamping, metal shears, press Rope, Manila, Safe Loads for brakes. Slings ... ....... .............D-Gen. 3# Power Shovels, Draglines, and Similar Rope, Sisal ............. D-Gen. 23# Equipment, Operation of D-Gen. 25* ROPE, WIRE 26# Press Barriers, see Die Guards Rope, Wire, Safe Loads for Slings D-Gen. 7# Press Brakes ............................ D-Me.28R#opes--Hoisting Apparatus for Presses, Baling ........................... D-PP.7# Measuring Low Spots ..............................I25B Presses, Kick-Type ...................... D-Me.19# Rubber Cement, Spreading... D-Ru. I # PRESSURE VESSELS Section 4* RUBBER INDUSTRY, COMPOUND Location and design, inspection, training ING MATERIALS USED IN THE operators, safety devices, operating prac (PART I) (Rev, 1945).............................RU. (*# tices, RULES, INDUSTRIAL SAFETY--THEIR Pressure Vessels, Unfired, and Piping FORMULATION AND USE............ .804 in Pulp Mills.............. .................. D-PP. tl# Printer Slotters ................... ......D-PP. IS# Printing Plant, Analysis of Injury Experiences of a Large.......................D-205# Printing Presses, Cylinder, Safety Toe Guard for Flat Bed Mlehle............ 13IB PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT, PERSONAL Section I ? Head protection, fae and eye protection, respiratory equipment, care of respiratory equipment, safety belts, band, foot and leg protection, SAFETY MAN'S RESOURCES, THE Section 26* Service organizations, standards 2nd spec ifications groups, fir protection organiza tions, federal agencies, state and provin cial departments or bureaus; associations of governmental labor officials, international safety, insurance associations, trade asso ciations, insurance services, professional so cieties, bibliography of safety and related periodicals. SAFETY OBSERVATION PLAN ......... 1094 PUBLIC EMPLOYEES ......................... MUN-M PUBLIC UTILITY EMPLOYEES. PRO SAFETY ORGANIZATION AND TRAINING Section 24* TECTING ON STREETS AND HIGH Basic elements of organization, safety com WAYS .......................................................PU-1-* PULPWOOD LOGGING ...... PP-3^ Pulpwood, Unloading at the Mil! D-PP. 4# Punch Presses, Handling Finished Pieces at .... ........................., D-Me. 25# Punch Presses, Scrap Handling..... D-Me. 22# mittees, inspections, engineering revision, purchasing, small plants, scattered opera tions, municipal and state employers, staff vs line status of safety personnel, employee participation, training employees, influenc ing employee attitudes, safety instruction, PURCHASING FOR SAFETY................... 5034 safety education for supervisors, instruction Pyridine ................... ......... D-Chem. 46# in safety skills, integrating safety with other Quarry Safety Shelter.................... I33fl training. Radioisotopes, Introduction to..... D.Gen. 45# Salamanders .... ........ D-Con. 4# Rail Brake, Sliding ... ...................... , 68B Sanders, Wood . . D-W. 7# Saw-Band, Guard for Point of Operation Saw-Circular, Guard Saw Guards, Circular, Cross-Cut Saw Guards, Circular, Rip Saws, Band Woodworking lQt| o.y Saws, Hand, Electric Saws, Metal (Cold)... Saws, Overhead Swing Cut-Off Saws, Power Chain in Logging Scaffold, Bricklayers' Square D.\y * Scaffold Horses, Heavy Trades Scaffold Horses, Light Trades Scaffold-Pole, Heavy Duty Scaffold-Pole, Heavy Duty indep6n(jent e Scaffold-Pole, Light Duty Independent Scaffold-Pole, Single for Light Duty SCAFFOLDS . e "i Scaffolds, Rivet ....... Scaffolds, Roofing .... !< Scrapers, see Motor Graders Scraping Operations in Mines, Safety in 2qi Selective Placement Shafts and Cores, Handling Shapers, Metal ........................ Shapers, Wood ................ Shear Guards, Alligator Shears, Alligator , Shears, Cloth .............. Shears, Metal Squaring (rev. D-6n, ft, 0-PM, 0-Ms, 5, D-W. ,, 140* 0-213, 0-T.4, 2-47) D-M*. 9, Sheave Block, Well Drill, Lubricating System for a................... I34| Sheave Grinding Arrangement 1161 Shift Bar Safety Lock........................ 85* Shuttle Car Operation D Min. 84 Shuttle Guard ........................ , 581 Sidewalk Hatch Cover Brace . 631 Sidewalk Shed ................ . 261 Sidewalk Sheds . ........................D Con. St SIGNS--INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT PREVENTION .................................... ... 81* Skids ............................. D-Gen, 404 SKIN AFFECTIONS .... HPP. 104 Skull Crackers (Yard Drops] . D-Me. 14 Slashers and Auxiliaries, Cotton D-T. 84 Slotters, Metal ....... D-Me. 74 Slug Casting Machines.............. Smoking Booth D-PRN. 14 88* Snakes, Poisonous, of the United States D-Gen. 194 Spiders, Bleck Widow (rev. 7-47) ............................... D-Gen. 84 SPRAY COATING ?! STATE HIGHWAY EMPLOYEES HY-N STATIC ELECTRICITY 524 Steel Strapping, see Strapping Stickers, Molders and Matchers, Wood .......................................... D-W, 104 Stoper, Cover Over Handle ............ 93* Stoper, Handle for,. .......................... 94l Stoper in Mines, Hand Guard for Short. 1071 Storage Batteries............. D-2464 Stranding of Communication and Power Cable .................. D-EE, 24 Strepping, Steel, Flat or Round... D-Gen. 38* Stretcher, Mobile ................ 86! STRUCTURE, PERMANENT, AND PLANT LAYOUT Section I* Including: site, outside facilities, ola1'*' ... &%*> -VS*'*? OiTAit JHftj tIES PAMFHIETS {iwf lBclu<l4 In $*fotymon' Library) If t publication h (m4 a msJ6t t* af ek rWon I* them following fta'MH' { ~ sT SUGGESTION SYSTEMS 40# $y|fur, Handlingand Storage of D-PP. 5# Sulphuric Acid D-Chem. 49# vfiteh, Oil, Model for Demonstration of - .............. *30* Switches, Electric, Method of locking Out ............................. D-Gen. 41 Switches, Safety Handle for Operating, etc. .................. 73* fetryl , . . ......... D-Chem. 43# lick Bites (rev.5-48).......... D-RR. I# fire and Tube Curing D-Ru. 2# fire Safety Rack.................. .. .. -. 3* Toluene, see Xylene and Toluene Tongs--Safety, for Handling High Voltage Cable ...... ...................... 33* Tool Box Fasteners for Truck Beds.... ...........43* Tool Racks, Safety................................ .24* Toolhouse--Section, Interior Arrange ment 54* Tools, Flexible Shaft . , ............. D-Me. 26# Tools, Impact, Safe Ending...............D-Gen. 31# Tools, Powder-Actuated,Hand D-Gen. 34# TOOLS, POWER, HAND AND PORTABLE Section (3* Purchase and control, maintenance and re pair. use of meta! cutting tools, use of wood cutting tools, misc, cutting tools, material handling tools, torsion tools, shock tools, nonsparking tools, portable power tools, electric tools, air power tools, special power tools. Tools, Pulpwood and Log Handling ...... .... __ D-PP. 12# Torpedoes, see Fusees Tractors, Canopy for TD9 and D4 ,...., .126* Tree Trimming ... .. D-244# Trench Excavation (rev. 5-44) D-Con. 2# Trichloroethylene (rev. 6-48) , D-Chem. 27# Trimmer, Safety Stop on , 122* Trinitrotoluene (rev. 8-43).. D-Chem. 3P* Tripping Device for Bunk Stakes, Opposite Side .......................................... 141* Trucks--Dump, Body Locks............................. 27* Trucks--Dump, Cab Protector......... , ,J9* Trucks--Dump, Safety Block......... ........... 5* Trucks--Dump, Safety Prop............................. 20* Trucks--Hand, Attachment for Handling Dock Plates .. - 60* Trucks--Hand, Device for Loading Calender Rolls .............................................. 119* Trucks, Hand Powered.................... D-Gen. 51# Trucks--Lift, Overhead Guard.................... 90* Trucks--Lift, Safety Rack................................72* Trucks for Mines, Quarries and Construction, Motor .....................D-Gen. 26# Trucks--Seats, Hinged for Pickup or Stake ........ 16* Trucks--Seats, Planks for Stake Body........ 15* Trucks--Seats, Removable for Pickup........ 4* Trucks--Seats, Removable Plank for Pickup ,___ .... .........(4* Turpentine ............. D-Chem. 12# Valves--Steam, Control ............................. 53* Valves, Testing Relief .................... 91* VULCANIZERS AND DEVULCANIZERS (Rev. 1949) ...... RU-2* WASTE DISPOSALS, INDUSTRIAL AND BIBLIOGRAPHY ON CHEM ICAL WASTES ............. Chem. 7# Watchman Safety ... Waxes, Electrical Insulating D-Gen. 32# D-Chem. 31# WELDING AND CUTTING Section 14* Gas welding and flame cutting--resistance welding---arc wetdirig. Welding Screen 37* Welding Screen & Rod Supply Box.. 31* Welding Shield, Pipe ,, 57* Welding Table and Safety "V" Block 38* Welding Truck, Single Cylinder 40* Welding Truck, Two Cylinder 39* Winder--Cameron, Nip Guard 69* Winder Guard Winder Guards, Two . .. , 100* 89* Winder Shaft Dolly.............. 70* Windups and Letoffs ........ D-U. 3# Wires and Cables, High Voltage Testing of Insulated . . ... D-EE. 3# WOMEN IN INDUSTRY Wood Rooms ..... . 107 + D-PP. 13# WOODWORKING MACHINERY Section 9 Saws: circular, overhead swing, $*raiaht line pull cutoff, underslung cutoff, radial vari ety, power teed ripsaws, band' circular saw blade maintenance, jointers, power feed planers, woodworking lather, combination machines, senders miscellaneous woodwork ing machines. Work Stand, Portable ............... 75* Wrap Roll, Arm Extension for .............. 129* Xylene and Toluene........................ D-204# Zinc and Zinc Oxide........ ....... D-Me. 12# Zirconium ............ ......................... D-Chem. 45# ACCIDENT ANALYSIS CHART For use by small plants, hotels and other service industries to record frequency rates and general accident history of the organi zation. Sire &/i" x 11'*. 2 sides; in pads of 50. SAFETY INSPECTION CHECK LIST A check list of safe and unsafe conditions. Reverse side blank for making detailed com ments or recommendations. Site &/i" x 11". In pads of 50. ACCIDENT RECORD FORMS For use in recording, reporting, and analyz ing various types of accidents. Please use both number and name of form when order ing. Sample copy free on request. IS-IA--Supervisor Accident Report x 11" 2 sides). IS-3 --Industrial Employee Injury Record (4M x 6" f side card). IS-4 --Industrial Injury Summary (8l/j" x 11" 2 sides). IS-5A--Monthly Summary of Industrial In juries (8,/2"x4'* f side). 15-6 --A First Aid Report Form. In pads of 100. (Size 4" x 6"). IS-7 --Department Supervisor's Accident Cost Report (8(/2"xll" I side). IS-8 --Investigator's Cost Data Sheet (8l/j" when you quote--don't guess --use ACCIDENT FACTS . . . the most complete and authoritative source of accident statistics. This annual roundup of facts and figures on accidents in every field of safety puts the answers at your finger tips. It's easy to use, easy to understand. Normally released m July, each issue contains over 100 pages of information on the accident picture for the previous year. Anyone involved with safety needs a copy of this eye-opening fact book. ACCIDENT RATES PAMPHLETS These pamphlets review the accident experi ence of about 200 industries and about 30 general groups annually. The pamphlet for your industry will enable you to compare your company's accident frequency and se verity rates with those of other companies doing similar work. Size 51/2" LIST OF PAMPHLETS Automobile Chemical Construction Food (Food, Tobacco) Foundry Iron and Steel Products (Sheet Metal, Misc. iron and Steel Products) Lumber and Woodworking Machinery and Electrical Equipment Meat Packing and Leather Mining and Quarry Miscellaneous (Office, Miscellaneous Manufactur ing, etc.) Motor Transportation Fleets Non-Ferrous Metals and their Products Pulp and Paper (Pulp and Paper P -> and Publishing) Petroleum Public Utility (Electric, Gas. Co"*'*-** :stions, Misc. Utilities) Rubber Service (Laundry, Hotel, Mercant . Steel Stone, Clay and Glass Products Textile Transportation (Transit, Air Tra"soo' - and Warehousing and Storaqe) Transportation Equipment (Shipbw i -q * * C-aft, and Railroad Equipment)  Koap your management group informed with Newsletters ere the safety Idea swap shops for the Council's 28 occupational Sections. Edited by volunteers from each Section, they provide you with a valuable source of information slanted to your own operations--new methods and equipment, novel safety promotional stunts and gadgets, recent technical develop ments, plus news of Section meetings, projects, people. Monthly Newsletters are particularly helpful to organizations with diversified operations or scattered locations. You can select Newsletters to match specific operations; address subscriptions directly to key personnel at each location-- your nurses, plant managers, training personnel, maintenance foremen, transporta tion supervisors, and safety engineers. Four pages, 8%"x 10%". Newsletters are published monthly by the following Sections: Aeronautical industries Air Transport Automotive and Machine Shop Cement and Quarry Chemical Coal Mining Commercial Vehicle Construction Electrical Equipment Fertilizer Food Glass and Ceramics Hospital Safety Service Marine Metals Meat Packing, Tanning and Leather Products Mining (other than coal) Occupational Health and Nursing Petroleum Power Press and Forging Printing and Publishing Public Employee Public Utilities Pulp and Paper Railroad Rubber Textile Transit Wood Products HANDBOOK OF ACCIDENT PREVENTION Where safety is a part-time job--as with your foremen and other key personnel--the Handbook is just the condemn safety guide you need, it's brief, yet covers the essentials of a sound safety program: inspections, records, material han dling and storage, fire prevention and control, training, per sonal protective equipment, and other important subjects. Use the HANDBOOK OF ACCIDENT PREVENTION to broaden the understanding of safety through your organiza tion; bowk up your part-time safety people with a reliable source of ormation. 96 pages, 5%** x 8%*`. SAFETY MANUAL FOR THE GRAPHIC ARTS INDUSTRY The first complete, authoritative manual for the Graphic Arts In dustry. Shows how to stop accidents, gives the how to, whys, and results of successful safety programs in the printing industry. Ex plains what stopping accidents will meen in terms of production, efficiency, worker morale and reduced costs. 96 fact-filled pages, 6" x9M. -10 I 63s- The Congress is the annuel safety idea freefor-all. Literally hundreds of years of suc cessful accident prevention experience back up the speakers and panel members who participate. Condensed, and published in 34 pamphlet-size sections, they are ideal for distributing throughout an organization. Safety men find the TRANSACTIONS Set a rich source of ideas from other industries which can be adapted to their own pro grams; as reference material for speeches, articles and buiiatins. SAVE 45% To encourage more widespread knowledge of the various fields of safety, the Complete Set of 34 volumes may be ordered for little more than Yz the cost of the individual voiumas. LIST OF VOLUMES General Sassions and Detailed Index to all Voiumas. Aeronautical Industries Air Transport Industry Automotive and Machine Shop Industries Cement and Quarry Industries Chemical Industries Coel Mining Industry Construction Industry Electrical Equipment Industry Farm Safety Food industry Glass and Ceramics Industry Home Safety PUgt industrial Subject Sessions (Sponsored by ASSE) Maritime industries (Marine Section) Meat Packing, Tanning and Leather Industries Metals Industry, Mining Industry Motor Transportation Industry (Commercial Vehicle Section) Occupational Health and Nursing Section Petroleum Industry Power Press and Forging Operations Printing and Publishing industry Public Employment (Public Employee Section) Public Utilities Industries Pulp and Paper Industry Railroad industry Rubber industry School and College Safety Textile Industry PUBLIC SAFETY MAGAZINE Traffic Safety Transit Industry Wood Products Industries Early Morning Sessions PUBLIC SAFETY is the best single source of up-to-the-minute information in the traffic safety field. Its 40 or more pages feature stimulating articles by fleet and traffic safety experts, current accident statistics, news of accident prevention, reviews of new safety publications, etc. FLEET SAFETY MANUAL The Fleet Safety Manual shows you how to organize and conduct an effective safety program. It consists of eight parts and supplementary material in a rich maroon loose-leaf binder. The sections include information on: Fleet Safety Program--a general discussion of accident prevention tech niques and how they may be organized into a safety pro gram; Selection of Drivers; Driver Training; Accident Reports and Records--a recommended system of recording and analy sis including sample forms; and many other specific subjects. SAFETY IN QUARRY OPERATIONS An all-new edition of the well known safety manual for the quarry and related "open pit" industries is now available. This authoritative manual provides all the basic information for setting up and oper ating an effective safety program. Included are sections on safety organization and accident investigations, technical discussions on drilling, safe storage and use of explosives, quarry railways, truck `ransportation in quarries, and use of mechanical equipment. 48 oages< 6"x9". N-l I iSS-*"*?; JIG AND FIXTURE DESIGN FOR WOODWORKING SAFETY A new and extremely comprehensiy6 book for supervisors dealing with 4|| types of woodworking jigs and fixture. Provides a complete description of the various kinds of jigs and fixtures with precise instructions on how to build-., how to use them. Includes 61 excellent drawings. 104 pages, Blfa" x 11". SHOWMANSHIP IN SAFETY Here are 160 of the brightest, most unusual and most successful safety promotional ideas of the last 40 years. Old or new, you're bound to find loads of attention-get ting gimmicks for publicity stunts, pepping up safety meetings, getting bulletin boards looked at. Season your safety program with some of these novel interest builders and you'll have your workers talking and thinking safety even on their own time. 2 colors, 64 pages, 51/2" x 8". THE WOMAN ON THE JOB Management will welcome this new survey on the health and safety problems of women in industry. Accidents and occupational diseases, gynecological and other physical problems, job clothing, place ment, training and supervision are some of the im portant subjects covered. Green and pink hard cover book with illustrations. 96 pages, 6" x 9". OFF-THE-JOB SAFETY KIT A packet prepared by the Off-The-Job Safety Committee to help safety men put across a pro gram to both management and employees. Con tains about 85 items--booklets, instruction cards, planning material, sources of help, posters, etc. Write for information. DISASTER CONTROL Handbook reprinted from the American Machinist deal ing with the control of disasters that may befall a plant. Explains steps that should be taken to avert a disaster, what to do in case of an emergency, and how to speed the task of getting back into production if a disaster occurs. Covers in detail the problems of organiiation for plant protection, bombing, panic, sabotage, cyclones and earthquakes, floods, fire, pestilence, rescue and first aid. 40 pages, B1/^" x I H/j". N-12 I AfETY BELL RINGERS V 6fld new edition l? brand new edition containing 1000 1 fety slogans. Catchy phrases to use (!* safety talks, slogans to pep up a : fety program, the right saying to help across an idea so that it makes an ^pi-ession. Slogans are divided by sub,.|s such as fire prevention, general lagans, etc. 32 pages, 6" x 9". SPEAKING STRAIGHT--THINKING STRAIGHT Four lectures on public speaking given at the 1946 Safety Congress by Dr. Irving J, Lee, Professor, School of Speech, Northwestern University. 24 pages, 5l/2" x 81/2". i^m}. I HOW TO MAKE THE SAFETY SPEECH A handy booklet presenting the fundamentals of speech making. Shows safety men, supervisors and foremen how to put safety talks across to large and small groups. 64 pages, 5l/2" x 8^". HOTEL SAFETY SERVICES The Council publishes a number of items de signed for hotels, restaurants, and similar serv ice industries. Write for information. HOSPITAL SAFETY SERVICE The American Hospital Association and the Na tional Safety Council offer an accident and fire prevention service especially designed for AHA members. Through this service, hospitals obtain the basic materials and techniques needed for a sound, practical program to combat personal injury, fire, equipment damage, and other accident losses. Write for information. NATIONAL DIRECTORY OF SAFETY FILMS A comprehensive listing of 963 motion pic tures and slidefilms, both sound and silent, for safety education within business and industry, on the farm, in homes, and on the streets and highways. Sources and basis of availability shown for each film. 48 pages, 8" x 11" 9 '^'" 3 TR A.thi^Q supervisors PI ANT MANAGERS J MAINTENANCE ' FOREMEN AdjtHMsbtatm Units Supply essential safety information to the right people ... in balanced quantity on the right subfects ... all the year around WHAT THEY ARE An Administrative Unit is * creem-ofth.-erop combination of monthly, annual, and sp.cial Council mat.rials s.I.ct.d to provid. a baianc.d information sarvic* for th. Lay man in your safaty program. Each Unit indud.s copi.s of know how publications, such as a saf.ty manual, and subscriptions to n.ws-typ. publications, such as th. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS and N.ws Latter. Whan ordered as a Unit, these publications cost at least 10% less than they would if purchased individually. HOW THEY WORK The Unit provides the subscriber with a background of safety information, and keeps him up to date with safety engineering and program developments. The Unit permits participation in Council Sectional activities. The Unit keeps sub scribers informed about new Council services and materials. Unit holders receive all Council Service Guides, announcements, literature describing new safety aids, as well as samples of many 4( the new publications. WHO NEEDS THEM - "A" Units are for fult-timt safety supervisors. MB*' Units are for peopie with substantial safety rtspon. sibility: personnel directors, industrial training supervisors, p|4nt engineers, insurance engineers and inspectors, part-time safety pervisors of installations with 100 to 400 employees. "C" Units er for people with incidental safety responsibility: medical directors, chiefs of plant protection, maintenance foremen, part-time safety supervisors of installations with less than 100 employees, in addition to the eight Units described below, there are many other Units for people interested in various fields of safety. Information on these Units will be sent on request. HOW TO ORDER When ordering Units, be sure to specify: name and title of the individual, company name, street address, city, zone, end state, type of Unit desired, choice of sections. You'll find a list of Council sections under "News Letters" on pageN-10. General Industrial TYPE OF ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS AA-I A-l B-l C-l Services Included: 1. Nefionel Safety News, monthly _______________ 1 1 1 1 2. Public Safety Magazine, monthly ............................... 1 __ 3. Sectional Enrollment and monthly News Letter.... 3 3 2 1 4. Industrial Supervisor, monthly .............. ...... 1I S. Accident Rates pamphlet, annually _ 21 1 6. Manuals, as issuad a. Accident Prevention Manual b. Handbook of Accident Prevention c. Fleet Manual, large d. Fleet Manual, small e. Construction Job Manual i r1 __ -- -- 1-- __ __ 1 __ --. * __ ?. Congress Transactions, annually General ....... ...... ............. ............. .............. 1 i 11 Subjaet Sassions.............................................. .......... 1 i 1 1 Section Meetings........ ........................ ...................... 8. National Safaty Caltndar, annually ........ ....... ....... 9. Accident Facts, annually ..... ........... ............................ 3 1 1 32 11 11 1 1 10. Technical releases for your industry, as issued...... 1 I 11 N-14 Transportation A-2 8-2 C-2 I 1t1 32 1 11 .. __ -- 11 __ 1 11| 1 32 | t|I (| 11i Con struction B-l 1 1 1 1 1 --a. - 1 | f 1 1 \ 1 to a successful safety program Your supervisors and foremen are the management people nearest the accident firing line. They give most of the job instruction; they are responsible for keeping equipment in safe condition--spotting hazards before they become acci dents. Their approach to human relations influences em ployee attitudes. How well these vital jobs are carried off can make a BIG difference in your accident experience. The materials shown on the next seven pages are among the most widely used by American Industry to equip foremen to handle their safety responsibilities effectively. t They teach your foremen the fundamentals of acci dent prevention as it relates to their jobs. t They build interest in your program by showing foremen how safety boosts production and im I. proves morale. t They give your foremen a basic understanding of human relations, and show how to use this knowl edge on the job. PSYCHOLOGY Of SAFETY. IW SUPERVISION . . . a tromondously popular st of booklets writtor by Dr. J. L. Rosonstoln, noted industrial psychologist author and (octuror. AH six booklets in this serieshave:a safety slant--but they do nWch irttre courage safe practices. i to do a better fob of coirfrollinotiieir < >. by developing a better Midirkdiwma. of dbifei!: ; attitudes and actions--how to dear with' fh^, .-V fundamental human relation problems tha^ idpT,*1 : pervisors run up against day--after,.; deyr^ThikS'^ series covers such interesting ' ' workers feel toward changes; 'feb#; more understanding) how foigRjjl employee training, how so the workers basic human wantST more stimulating safety mattings. - - \-r. Here's O'GRADY again! to pass along some of his hard-earned seen of "SUPERVISING FOR SAFETY" Though popular Gustave G. O'Grady, the safety skeptic of "A Gray Day for O'Grady" does the talking, the ideas he dramatizes belong to Dr. Arthur Secor^j well-known lecturer on human relations from the faculty of Brooklyn College Yes, this brand new foreman training series is based on Dr. Secord's "stand room only" presentation at the Early Morning Sessions of the 1952 Congress In three narrative-style films, foreman O'Grady develop* the Secord formula- with a series of revealing "boss- worker" episodes. Your foremen will laugh when they see some of their own mistakes through O'Grady's eyes, but FRAGILE--HANDLE FEELINGS WITH CARE After studying the discontented attitudes of some of his em ployees. O Grady reaches the decision that as supervisor, a really important part of his job is to consider the feelings of his em ployees. He realizes that each worker wants to know the ``reasons why'* for rules, or changes that are made. The supervisor must give employees recognition for their ideas, take their requests into con sideration, and give his men an occasional pat on the back. 4* they'll learn at the same time how to become more effec tive in the art of handling people. Each film deals with one specific trait of successful supervisors. Together, they drive home the idea that happy workers are less likely to have accidents--that worker happiness depends a lot on intelligent supervision. Running time is 12 minutes for each film. Available in either 35mm sound slidefilm (Class I Films) or 16mm sound motion picture (Class V Films). CALL 'EM ON THE CARPET Confronted with the problem of trying to correct some of his men, O'Grady realizes there is no standard method of reprimanding. Each worker is different--each must be treated as an individual. He learns too that he should "cool off" before he ' sounds off". That it's best to correct a man in private, explain the reasons for his instructions, work in a compliment when it's deserved. It's always hard to correct a worker, but there is always a better way than the old fashioned tongue-lashing. * IT S AN ORDER O'Grady is having accident trou ble at the plant when he receives a note from management listing instructions on "how to give an order." He is indignant at this suggestion, but after a series of humorous misunderstandings, O'Grady decides that maybe there's more to giving orders clearly than he realized. He re-reads the list of instructions: say what you mean, make written orders dear not too many orders at once, show by doing, explain why. When he thinks back over the days happenings, it becomes obvious that he's been missing a lot of these check points. ** PICK YOUR SAFETY TARGET Shows foremen how to analyze their accidents, act on the evidence. It gives them a simple, workable system for classifying accidents, interpreting the facts, translating them into action. Combined car toons and live shots. 13 minutes. 35mm sound slidefilm in full color (Class III Film). 16mm sound-motion picture in color (Class VI Film) or black and white (Class V Film). *f< A GRAY DAY FOR O'GRADY O'Grady learns the hard way--by almost losing his chance ,a promotion--that accidents are very much his business. Th* * shows him how a couple of recent accidents tied up his time, bf0 production to a near standstill and spiraled his departmentsc< 13 minutes. 35mm sound slide-film (Class I Film). I6mm i0< motion picture (Class V Film). -J- i "Human Factors In Safety shows supervisors How to UNDERSTAND and USE basic human traits in building a Better Safety Program Here's how to make your supervisor a dynamic part of your program. Give them this complete film train ing course that shows how understanding basic human behavior and putting it to use can make Better Safety Supervisors . . . Better Production Men . . . Better Builders of Employee Morale. Human Factors In Safety is a set of six 35mm sound slidefilms with Leader's Manual. Each film covers one important part of the complex art of handling people. They include tips on breaking in new workers, keeping experienced workers on their toes, gaining and keeping employee respect, cooperation and loyal support. The course is entertaining, instructive, effective--a film series that will make your foremen sit up and take notice, because they all want to learn more about the fascinating subject of handling people. Complete set includes an attractive tan leatherette carrying case. Running time of each film is 15 minutes and are Class I Films, except Safety Case Histories which is 30 minutes, and a Class III Film. PEOPLE ARE ALL ALIKE --explains that all normal people want the seme things: a feeling of belonging to the crowd, recognition for good work, knowledge of what goes on, the ability to talk things over with the boss, and pride in their jobs. With the help of Ditzen's cartoons, the film shows how supervisors can satisfy these besic wants--get their men to work with them. EVERYBODY'S DIFFERENT --points out that while people heve many things in common they also differ from one another in personality, ability and back ground. The film--a Bruce Shanks cartoon special--shows super visors what allowances to make for these differences . . . how to handle the rough guy, the show-off, the loud-mouth, the daydreamer, end the practical joker. TEAMWORK FOR SAFETY THI SECRET OF SUPERVISION --s*ts the stag* For tha other five films. In story form, it illustrates why workers respond enthusiastically to one supervisor, while they resent and rebel against another. It explains that the films to follow show how to be boss and still be liked--the art of handling people. --suggests way for supervisors to make safety interesting and im portant to their workers. Holding stimulating meetings, encour aging suggestions from workers, using safety literature to good advantage, getting the workers to inspect for hazards... are some of the techniques discussed. f TEACHING SAFETY ON THE JOB --shows supervisors how to pre pare and give job safety instruc tions. The four steps of good job training illustrated ere: PRE PARE--tell the worker whet he hes to learn and why; PRESENT ---demonstrate how the job is done; APPLY--let the worker try it; TEST--spot check until the worker masters the job. SEE PAGE N-46 FOR INDEX AND PRICES SAFETY CASE HISTORIES --the first safety sound slide of its kind! It presents case histories of accidents that actually happened. After each, the film is stopped so the audience can discuss what caused the accident, and how it could have been prevented. This unusual way of giving the audience e chance to show what they've learned is a wonderful wind-up for a great training course. N-17 Safety Management for Foreme the complete Safety Training film course that makes your foremen the "SPARK PLUGS" of your safety program Here's the proven wey to get your foremen actively behind you end your company program. Build your foremen training sessiont around this series of ten 35mm sound slidefilms with Leader's Manual. They contain all the fundamentals of acci dent prevention. They sell your foremen on safety . . . show them what and how to teach your workers. How a safety program is organised, the important part the foremen piays, and how the program boosts production and employee good will are all fully explained in the course. Safety Management For Foremen have been acclaimed the most popular safety films ever produced. More than 2,000 sets are now in use--and the Council's files are filled with unsolicited letters in their praise. Hundreds of executives have written in to say that these films have done more than any other training aid to develop the safety knowledge and training ability of their supervisors. The set is packed in a sturdy leatherette carrying case. Run ning time of each film is 20 minutes. All are Class II Films. FOLLOW THI LEADER Sives a step-by-step description of how a safety program is organixed. Assigning safe ty responsibility, analyxing accident records, holding safety meetings, inspecting, guard ing machinery, training employees--are a few of the subjects discussed. kt i a CAUSE AND CURE Shows how to analyxe an accident to deter mine its real causes. The film covers ten unsafe acts and eight unsafe conditions every foreman should be on the lookout for. GUARD OUTY Pictures effective guards for common power machines, and points out that it's up to fore men to see that these guards are kept in place. SAFETY IS IN ORDER Good housekeeping from the foreman's an gle. Some of the points stressecT are: pick out a place for everything and insist that everything be kept in its place; a minimum of raw material on the floor; aisles clear; supervise piling of material; every man keeps his own work aree clean. RIGHT DRESS It's up to your foremen to see that their workers has the right dress for Every foremen should be familiar common types of protective equip,, tured in Right Dress; namely, goggl,, hoeds, gloves, hand pads, wrist protectors, ear stopples, metal foot" *0*1pic^ safety shoes, aprons, respiratory and safety belts. S DOCTOR'S ORDERS Your workers' attitude toward first pends on your foremen. Doctor's ^Ordd,. sells your foremen on the importance value of prompt first aid. The film also adnid cusses the value of regular physical axamii,^ tions, and of accident reports on every (; i aid case. BRAIN BEATS BRAWN Improper handling of material causes on(. fourth of all reported injuries in industrial plants. Brain Beats Brawn teaches your foro. men how to prevent these injuries--teaches them the best material handling practices. The film gives detailed instructions on lift, ing and covers other material handling haxards. STOP, LOOK AND LISTEN This film pictures a typical safety inspec tion committee at work--shows exactly what to look for when malting a plant inspection. "Stop and think about safety long enough to look for unsafe conditions, and listen to safety suggestions" is the committee's slogan. PRINCIPLES AND INTEREST To sell safety to workers, your foremen must create an active interest in the subject. Principles and Interest discusses ways in which this can be accomplished: posters, contests, inspections, safety meetings, awards, payroll enclosures, publicity in the plant paper, etc. PRODUCTION WITH SAFETY "It takes less time to prevent accidents than to have them" is the theme of this film. And the accident case histories presented in the film prove the point. They give spe cific examples of how safety increases pro duction end cuts costs. The film also shows your foremen how to give effective, on-thejob safety training. ^ea&*ta ' . irvi{or< and foreman art the vital linlc in communicating , jaement ideas to workers. Make it easier for your men , '"'die tin* to speak up for safety. Help them talk persuasive- J'J1 wjt(, more confidence and conviction by showing this ' fs'sted set of training films. i You don't have to be a speech training expert to put on this I .nrte. The easy-to-follow Leader's Manual which accompa- j c.(t set provides detailed plans for a series of six maet- j^as and practice sessions. Anyone who can thread a sound tide projector and lead an informal discussion meeting can i do an effective job---yes, even learn himself as he is exposed I t to these six practical lessons. I pr Irving d. Lee, Professor of Public Speaking, Northwestern 1 University prepared this series in the same easy-moving con I vincing style so well remembered from his presentations at the Early Morning Sessions at the Congress. It consists of six f 3Smm sound slidefilms and Leader's Manual packed in an j jttreetive leatherette carrying case with two-sided records for 1 use with either manual or automatic projectors. Running time 1 is 13 minutes for each film. (Class I Films). TIM POWKR OF SPCICH An introduction to the films to follow. It lists some of the occasions when foremen and supervisors may be called upon to give a speech, explains the difference between a formal speech and a wo-king speech, and discusses the purpose ct a speech, both from the audience an'1 speaker standpoints. The film then outlines the subject matter of the other films in the series. BUTTIRFUIS IN YOUR STOMACH Describes "that strange feeling that hits you the moment you stand up to talk," explains the physiological reactions that cause stage fright, and shows how to overcome it. THI KIT TO GOOD SHAKING Outlines four methods of preparing a speech, discusses the advantages and dis advantages of each, then explains which method is recommended and why. The film gives a stop-by-step description of how to prepare a typical safety speech by using the recommended method. SEE PAGE N-46 FOR INDEX AND PRICES ON YOUR FIST Explains what to do physically whan you get up to talk; how to stand; the purpose of moving around and how to do it effectively; what to do with your hands; where to look. NOW YOU'RI TALKING Discusses the actual speech making: how loudly you should talk; your vocabulary, and how to phrase your ideas; your attitude-- why it is important not to "talk down" to your audience ... how friendliness, sincerity, and enthusiasm can make your speech a success. RING TNI MIL Shows how to hold the attention of your audience from beginning to end. It explains how to "break through the ice"; the value of demonstrations, scale models or mockups, films and still pictures, graphs, charts, and diagrams; how to illustrate a point by telling a personal experience, a humorous story, or by using comparisons. a basic-safety booklet course A set of i 2 pamphlets, each devoted to a major part of the accident prob lem, and treated wholly from the fore man's viewpoint. These pamphlets provide a ready-made course for teaching the principles of accident prevention to supervisors. An instruc tor's outline is provided with each order. ?OREMANSH||t Each is 6" x 9" in size with from four to eight1 pages of swift-moving, narrative-style safeJni"^ cussion. Booklet No. I is an introduction ^ booklets to follow. The others are: 2. "The Foremen's Opportunity--Production With $ (foremen's responsibility for the safety of worlrSrs| *Y' 3. "Have You Thought About This?" (the human suffering caused by accidents) 4. "Do You Know How Much An Accident Costs?" 5. "Safeguards--Why and How" 6. "Look Out For That First Step!" (safety instruction for the new worker) 7. "Are You Following Through?" (enforcement of safety instructions) 8. "What Accident Statistics Tell The- Foreman" 9. "Why And How To Be A Good Housekeeper" 10. "Detecting And Correcting Unsafe Conditions"- 11. "After An Accident--What?" 12. "What About Fire In Your Department?" fet your mtim a fine iefween SAFETY *"1 PRODUCTION Month in and month out, the INDUSTRIAL SUPERVISOR sells the idea that safety IS one of TODAY'S production problems . . . that efficient production depends on safe methods. The SUPERVISOR backs up the do if today motivation with practical "what to do" and "how to do it" tips that maka tha job look a lot lass formidable. Raadymada safety talks, supervisor checklists, down to earth human relations articles and many other stimulating features combine to make the SUPERVISOR a once a month shot in the arm for 124,000 supervisory person* net. Your foremen, too, will read, use--and it if they're like so many others--save every Issue. So make sure each of them receives a personal copy next month. Here are just a few'titles of articles that appeared in recent issues of the INDUSTRIAL SUPERVISOR HUMAN RELATIONS-- Psychology end th. Supervisor (a series of 16 articles bated on notes from Dr. J. L Rosen- 'stein's "One-Day Course in Hu man Relations for Supervisors") Playing Favorites How Well Can You Set Along With People? Attitudes end Safety Sive Thenwthe Slad Hand Psychology vs. Enforcement SELLING THE IDEA TO FOREMEN-- Little Things Spark Safety Pro gram it Can Ba Done Why Safety? Safety Effort Paying Off CASE HISTORIES-- (A continuing series of eetual problem end solution experiences submitted by SUPERVISOR read ers.) TRAINING-- Train 'Em for Safety The Spirit of Training How to Read a Speech Aloud Gadgets Set Interest How Well Do You Tell? FIVE MINUTE TALKS-- Protect Your Toes Know Your Job Job Clothing A Matter of Habit Emergency First Sfeps Fire Prevention Don't Fall For It Accidents Are Caused No advertising . . . nothing to sell but BETTER PRODUCTION WITH SAFETY instru ctioo iob so-' A well-planned, continuous use of employ^ education publications and promotional mat* for Pra rials is a basic part of any safety program It adds impact to your safety training--make fo shape sound worker attitudes it easy to give; easy to take on the receivln< end. It sharpens the meanings of your safety rules; shows workers why they should be ok to better Coperation served. Most of all, these materials do the daily reminding job to keep employees think, to st/n>i*/ate one/ bold ing . . . selling themselves on doing it the SAFE way. e*p/0 re ,n*er.ost Most of the Council's major publications are described on the next 20 pages. For detailed lists of additional materials, refer to these sources: Directory of Occupational Safety Posters; Safety Instruction Cards-- Service Guide 5.2; Safety Incentives--Service Guide 9.1; National Direc tory of Safety Films jlists films available from NSC and other sources). B--Booklet F--Film L--Leaflet CODE M--Monthly Publication T --Illustrated Safety Talk S --Safetygraph GENERAL RULES Learn and Live.................... ....... F Learn Safety ............................ B Shop Safety ......... .......................... R So Help Me!.................................. B Steps to Safety............................... B Ten Commandments of Safety in Machine Operation............. L Working Together for Safety... B ATTITUDES Accidents Don't Happen............ S An Accident Happens to Sam. .F Aren't People Funny?................... B Cause and Cure............................ F Deadly Ideas .8 Does Your Accident Show?....... .S 1 Just Gave My Seat to a Lady! ........ ............................. ..... B If You Took Your Family to Work With You......................... F National Safety Calendar and contest material ...................... Personal Side of Safety Film Series ............. . F Safe As You Make It................ F Safe Worker, The ......... ............. 1 vt Safety Zoo .......... ............. . .......... B Take Time to Live .... .............. .F Wanted--Safe Workers ........... .5 What's In It For You?............... B Wise Bird Follows the Rules, A. B FIRST AID AND HEALTH Down Time .............................. . B Fifteen Minutes to Go......... F First Aid Reminder Series*..,,..... L Get First Aid.......... ................ B Get First Aid Fast........ L In the Pink................................. . B Only a Scratch............... ......... S Save Your Own Skin ... t.......... S Still Waggin1 ...... ...................... 8 Two Methods of Artificial Res- piration S FALLS Fall Guy, The............. B Falls .................................. .......... B Falls , . S How to Prevent Falls........... B Ladder Safety ........ ................ S No Laughing Matter................ F HOUSEKEEPING A Clean Plant.................... B N-37 N-42 N-24 N-24 N-25 N-28 N-27 N-32 N-35 N-24 N-37 N-24 N-33 N-25 N-34 N-35 N-41 N-23 N-24 N-34 N-33 N-26 N-25 N-26 N-36 N-27 N-42 N-27 N-26 N-33 N-33 N-26 N-33 N-24 N-42 N-33 N-25 N-32 N-36 N-42 INDEX OF EMPLOYEE MATERIALS Keep It Clean.................................. F K. O. Dirt andDisorder.................B Plant Housekeeping....................... S Ship Shape .......................................B N-37 N-25 N-32 N-24 MATERIALS HANDLING Freight Handling ........................... B Freight Handling Safety............ F Giant Hands of Industry............... F Handle With Care........................... B Heave Ho! ...................................... B How to Lift.........................................S Industrial Power Trucks..................S Laboratory Glassware ..................F Lift Safely ......................................... L My Aching Back!............................... S Safe Handling of Materials...........F Two Wheel Hand Trucks............... S N-42 N-36 N-38 N-42 N-24 N-32 N-33 N-38 N-27 N-33 N-36 N-33 CLOTHING AND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Dress for Safety..................................B Easy on the Eyes............................... F My Eye Deal......................................F Personal Protective Equipment (Construction) ........ T Protect Your Eyes........................ _..B Toe Protection ............................... S Wear Safe Clothes...........................L Wearing Goggles ........................ S N-42 N-37 N-37 N-28 N-42 N-33 N-27 N-32 FIRE AND EXPLOSION Be Fire Wise...... ........................... B Cause for Alarm.............................F Control of Fire....................................B Housekeeping Prevents Fire......L Prevent Fire .................................... B Preventing Fire ............................... S Static Sparks and Flammable Liquids ........................................... j Stop the Fire Thief...........................F There'll Be a Hot Time in The Ol' Plant .................. B Using Fire Extinguishers................S MACHINERY Bench and Stand Grinders.............S Operating a Power Press.......... S Woodworking Machines............. F N-25 N-36 N-42 N-27 N-42 N-32 N-33 N-37 N-28 N-32 N-32 N-32 N-38 TOOLS--HAND AND POWERED Common Hand Tools....... ...S For Safety Sake................................. F Four Principles of Hand Tool N-32 N-41 Machinists Hand Tools Maintenance Tools ............. B B Safe in Hand.................... F OFF-THE-JOB Driver's Lucky Seven, The ..... B Follow the Leader B Have a Holiday....................... L Here Are Winter Facts for Pas senger Car Drivers Hold Everything! 8 B Off The Job Safety.......................... S Safe At Home................ ... 8 Safety Round the Clock B So You're Going On A Vaca tion? .................... B What's Your Safety I. Q.7 F You Can Take It With You F Your 10,000 Mile Living Room B SPECIAL SUBJECTS AND INDUSTRIES Blasting Safely in Mines. F Building Construction Safety.... F Chemical Spills and Splashes. S Close Clearance (Railroad).... B Construction Equipment Safety. F Electrical Hazards . ........................S Go Fly a Kite (Public Utility) B In The Clear (Logging) B Jackhammer Safety F Keep 'Em Rolling (Railroad) F Man With the Badge, The (Safety Committee).... B Men and Motive Power (Railroad)................. F Men of Maintenance (Railroad) ........................... F Message to Woods Bosses B Minute Men (Public Utility) F Operating Heavy Dufy Trucks Safely .............. F Packed with Safety (Meat) F Ramp Safety (Air Transport) S Safe Builder, The (Construction) M Safe Haulage in Coal Mines F Safe Railroader, The M Safely We Work (Railroad) F Sawmill Safety................ Shovels, Cranes and Draglines Timber .... F T F Why Accident Prevention in the Construction Industry? T N-42 N-42 N-37 N-27 N-26 N-28 N-28 N-26 N-33 N-26 N-26 N-27 N-36 N-35 N-27 N-39 N-39 N-33 N-28 N-38 N-33 N-28 N-28 N-39 N-38 N-25 N-38 N-38 N-28 N-39 N-39 N-39 N-33 ' N-23 N-39 N-23 N-38 N-39 N-28 N-3^ N-28 It's published monthly 16 pages 3%" x 57/," in size. Soft RAILROADER This popular magazine for railroad workers is now published monthly in a new 8-page format. Patterned after the SAFE WORKER, it makes liberal use of Cartoons, common sense safety rules and humorous stories to win employee in terest. It is suitable for all railroad men---engi neers, firemen, trainmen, shop and maintenance of way personnel. This pocket-size safety salesman works wonders with those who've been told and TOLD--but haven't been sold. It feeds your work ers a regular diet of the soundest safety psychology you've ever seen. With cartoons, humor and homey philosophy it shows how foolish it is to fight safety . . . and how it profits a worker to do every job the one right way--the safe way. Yet it's done in such pleasant fashion that 96 out of 100 employees take SAFE WORK ER home for their families to enjoy! With your name imprinted on the cover, SAFE WORKER becomes your own company safety magazine. Safie DRIVER A big package of safety in capsule form, it influences drivers to accept responsibility for equipment, encourages good driv ing habits, sells drivers on the benefits of safety. It is written in language drivers understand and believe. They enjoy the cartoon illustrations and like the common sense approach to safe driving. 16 pages, 3%'' x 5%". and here is a NEWCOMER! J(6c SAIBuilder Yes, here's the construction industry's own employee monthly magazine--aimed at the specific hazards, unsafe practices and attitudes peculiar to the industry and its workers. The early bird contractors that have already climbed on the BUILDER bandwagon have given it a big vote of confidence. Write for sample copy and full details of the new, flexible ordering N-21 orocedure.______________________________ SHIP SNAPS A nautical-theme booklet that shows the Importance of good housekeeping. Amusing car toons impress the need for cleanliness, proper storage of tools and materials and fire prevention to reduce accidents. 16 pages, 3" x 5I/2". THK FAIL GUY Stresses the hazards that cause falls in industry: poor house keeping, failure to use hand rails, unsafe ladder practices, undue haste, hitching rides, lack of attention, makeshifts and faulty equipment. 16 pages -3" x 51V\ HKAVI HOI One of the most complete and effective lifting stories you can give your workers. It takes them through material han dling from start to finish, from sizing up the job to actual lift ing techniques. Cartoon illus trated, 12 pages, 3" x 5^/2". SHOP SAFETY An illustrated safety for workers. Deals with pr0|lc. tive clothing, hand and p0,K tools, materials handling, Bl chinery, plus many other safety measures. 32 pages, $1/.% 8i/,,". K1 fill* inddue hurr- of ' iifust 1 pa AREN'T PEOPLE FUNNYT Illustrates a number of com mon human foibles and faults that can lead to accidents. It shows in humorous fashion the relationships between attitudes and unsafe behavior, spotlight ing various unsafe characters. 16 pages--3" x S*/*". N-24 SAFITY ZOO Pokes fun at human foibles with an amazing collection of animal photos combined with clever captions. Safety com mitteemen and foremen will expecialiy enjoy it. 32 pages, S^/2" x 8". SO HELP ME! A sprightly safety rule booklet jam-packed with no-accident tips, eye catching safety car toons and lilting safety jingles. An inspirational memory re fresher highlighting the fried and true safety precautions. 20 pages--3" x 5^/4". fisei DEADLY IDEAS mat! A new comic type book!#! 11 *crib< full color, it routs out fire, foolish attitudes that hamp* ijping accident present.on . . . blart1 ^nts, them with double-barrel^ ij, fl charge ot logic end lampoon be fi 16 pages. 4 1 9` manual i protec. d powr n9. maer safety . S'/e" t 0 TO PRIVINT TAILS ffi with many safety do'sJJon'is that prevent falls K to jumping, hitching rides, frying on stairs, incorrect use : ladders, running. Cartoon ^rations with serious text, pges, 3%" x 8". THt SAFITY RSOISTIR A basic rule booklet for all hotel employees. Brief copy combines with clever stick-fig ure illustrations to drive home idea that the safe way is the easy way to get things done. 16 pages, 3" x 5". THI MAN WITH THI RAOCS Shows safety committeemen how to deal with committee problems, tips on conducting safety inspections, committee meetings, getting along with supervisors and workers. Car toon illustrations. 64 pages, 4" * 6'/,". I HIST RAVI MY (IAT TO A LADY A collection of safety cartoons by Walt Ditun. 120 pages of humorous and enjoyable safety training. Fine souvenir for safety dinners or plant rallies that workers will enjoy for months. 4'/2" x 6'/}". FIRS WISI mafic pictures and copy ooklet h* tribe the causes and cures >ut seven fire. Hits at poor house- t hamp*r ping, improper handling of . . blasts. -barreled ants, faulty electricity, man ia fires---shows workers how lampon,f()le fire-safe. 16 pages, 4" x K. O. DIRT AND DISORDIR Sells workers on plant house keeping. Colorful cartoons and light-touch writing drive home important points in keeping the plant clean, neat and orderly . . . free from accident and fire hazards. 16 pages--3" x A WISI BIRD FOLLOWS THI RUUS Answers a basic nead in safety programs -- showing workers why rules exist, who makes them, and how they are formu lated. Clever cartoons and copy give workers a better slant on the safety program. 16 pages--3" x 51/2". STIRS TO SAFITY A personal checklist of sound safety rules that apply to any worker on any job--and offthe-job, as well. The straightfrom - the shoulder approach portrays the safety program as the personal concern of each employee. Cartoons on all its 16 pages. 3" x 5'/j". J\}_25 HOLD KVMYTHIMG! Deals with accidents in the home, on the street, at play, on summer vacations. Includes an interesting self-test for checking hazards in the work er's home, and a "What's Wrong With This Picture?" traffic quiz. 16 pages--4" * 7". SAFK AT HOMS This all new edition is packed with suggestions for eliminat ing hazards in every room of the house. Lists safe practices and danger signals and in cludes section on safety for children and the aged. 2-color, 16 pages, 4" x 71/1". FOLLOW THK LKADIR Re-teeches the cardinal points of job safety, shows the worker how these same points can pro tect him while off the job, and impresess him with the great job industry does in keeping him safe while at work. 8 --314" x 8" SAFITY 'ROUND THf CLOCK Extends interest in safety the home and to the worUr's family. It gives hour by hour hints on home safety, frorn ^ time to rise until the cat puf out for the night. Cartoon i|. lustrated. 8 pages--31/2" , j- IN THI PINK A Dihen cartoon-illustrated booklet presenting basic rules for good health, with a fresh approach. Covers posture, sleep, eye and foot care, weight, cleanliness, and first aid. 16 pages, 3Mx5%". N-26 DOWN TIMK Crammed with helpful facts that keep workers healthy and on the job. Deals with per sonal housekeeping, proper diet, relaxation and medical car*. Fun to read, with lots of cartoons. 16 pages, 3" x 5'/2". WHAT'S IN IT FOR MKT A brand new booklet that points out to the worker the personal advantages of prac ticing safety. Proves that it`s not where he works, but how he works that makes for good safety records. Humorous il lustrations, serious text. Full color, 16 pages, 4" x 9". STILL WAGGIN' Encourages workers t prompt first aid no matter ho# minor the scratch or iniurY* is a new approach on the va of first aid, with amu*'n9 toons and short factual^0*" ers. 16 pages--3" x 5*4 ! VACATION An attractive, readable boollit {or vacation bound em ployees. Presents safety tips m motoring, swimming, hunt ing and camping. Shows ftortars how to have fun while fjvoiding vacation hazards. Full jcolor, 6 pages, 4" * 8". SAFIYY Handy manual of safe prac tices for workers. Covers gen eral safety regulations, special operations, fire prevention, lifting and carrying, piling, health and many other topics. Ideal for orienting new em ployees, and as a safety re fresher for older employees. 2-color illustrations, 22 pages, 4" x 7". ROOM A new slant on safety. Com mon sense captions drive home the need for courtesy, safe speed, good manners and safe practices to prevent costly ac cidents both at home and on the road. 12 pages, 3" x 6". Shows that driving a car needn't be a gamble. You can make your own luck by: keep ing the car safe; holding down speed; stopping, looking and listening; being in shape to drive; passing with care; and other steps. 3 pages--3*/j" x FIRST AID RIMINDCRS This set of nine leaflets is designed for quick reference in emergencies, and for effective first aid instruction. Site 3*/j" x 6I/V\ 4 to 6 pages, in attractive colors. Titles are: What To Do For a Wound- For Shock What To Do For Bleeding What To Do For A Broken Bone What To Do For Heat Cramps, Heat Exhaustion, Sunstroke and Fainting What To Do For Poisoning Artificial Respiration (Schaffer) Artificial Respiration (Armlift) What To Do For Bruises, Sprains, and Strains -- How To Move An injured Person What To Do For Burns and Scalds Mrodwclngl the ACCIDSMT RRIVSNTCRS ... a brand new series of employee training tools. Each colorful leaflet in this continuing series pinpoints a specific operation or safe practice. Accident Pre venters teach safety with lots of pictures--few words. Each subject is introduced with a humorous cartoon cover; the safety lesson being developed in a sequence of straight illustrations. Printed in 2 colors, 4 pages, 3" x 5". The first 5 subjects are: No. 101 LIFT SAFELY No. 201 HOUSEKEEPING PREVENTS FIRE No. 301 WEAR SAFE CLOTHES No. 401 GET FIRST AID FAST No. 501 THE FOUR PRINCIPLES OF HAND TOOL SAFETY N-27 YOU'M GOING ON A vacation |An attractive, readable bookl|et for vacation bound em ployees. Presents safety tips gn motoring, swimming, hunt ing and camping. Shows workers how to have fun while ivoiding vacation hazards. Full color, 8 pages, 4" x 8". WORKING TOGSTHIR FOR SAFITY Handy manual of safe prac tices for workers. Covers gen eral safety regulations, special operations, fire prevention, lifting and carrying, piling, health and many other topics. Ideal for orienting new em ployees, and as a safety re fresher for older employees. 2-color illustrations, 32 pages, 4" x 7". YOUR 10,000 MIL! LIVING ROOM A new slant on safety. Com mon sense captions drive home the need for courtesy, safe speed, good manners and safe practices to prevent costly ac cidents both at home and on the road. 12 pages, 3" x 6". THI DRIVER'S LUCKY MVIN Shows that driving a car naedn't ba a gamble. You can make your own luck by: keep ing the car safe; holding down speed; stopping, looking and listening; being in shape to drive; passing with care; and other steps. 8 pages--V/i" x 8" FIRST AID RIMINDCRS This set of nine leaflets is designed for quick reference in emergencies, and for effective first aid instruction. Size Ji/j" z 6*/1", 4 to 6 pages, in attractive colors. Titles are: What To Do For a WoundFor Shock What To Do For Bleeding What To Do For A Broken Bone What To Do For Heat Cramps, Heat Exhaustion, Sunstroke and Fainting What To Do For Poisoning Artificial Respiration {Schaffer) Artificial Respiration (Armlift) What To Do For Bruises, Sprains, and Strains -- How To Move An Injured Person What To Do For Burns and Scalds Intredecinil tha ACCIDfNT PMVINTIR* . . . . . . a brand new series of employee training tools. Each colorful leaflet in this continuing series pinpoints a specific operation or safe practice. Accident Pre venters teach safety with lots of pictures--few words. Each subject is introduced with a humorous cartoon cover; the safety lesson being developed in a sequence of straight illustrations. Printed in 2 colors, 4 pages, 3" x 5". The first 5 subjects are: No. 101 LIFT SAFELY No. 201 HOUSEKEEPING PREVENTS FIRE No. 301 WEAR SAFE CLOTHES No. 401 GET FIRST AID FAST No. 501 THE FOUR PRINCIPLES OF HAND TOOL SAFETY N-27 there'll be&s B B ilB B liB B 10 COMMANDMENTS OF SAFETY IN MACHINE OPERATION An attractively designed list of the ten fundamental safety rules for machine operators. Printed In 2 colors on light card stock. Handy 4" x 7" size. With each 100 ordered, one 9/4" * I03/V` reproduction is included (free of charge) for display on shop bulletin board or another prominent !8 place in the shop. HAVE A HOLIDAY A holiday send-off leaflet that does double duty --- expresses warm holiday wishes and re minds workers to return to the plant safe and sound both at Christmas and New Years. Cleverly illustrated in 2 colors. 4 pages, 3" x 51/*" HERE ARE WINTER FACTS FOR PASSENGER CAR DRIVERS Gives passenger car drivers the special facts and sugges tions needed to deal with win ter driving hazards. Explains the effect of temperature on stopping distance, how to start and stop on ice and snow, the use of chains and special tires. Prepared by the Committee on Winter Driving Hazards. 2color, 16 pages, 3%M x 81/2". loggers, this booklet gives the woods boss the basic princi ples of how to prevent acci dents In the saw log and pulp' wood togging industry. iy#s pointers on how to handle men successfully. Available in both English and French versions. 2* color, 12 pages, x&. SafefeiDemtt KEEP FLOOR LUfu around THIS SPRINKLER valve DO not close unless AUTHORIZE ^ machine ACTUAL SIZE 2-X3I/V Safety decals attached to machine frames, guards, fuse boxes and fire doors constantly remind workers to observe safe practices and follow instructions. These colorful decals conform to ASA specifications. Order by letter and number code. Available only in site 2" x 31/2'*. A Green Cross for Safety emblem printed in white letters on green ground, with the words "MEMBER NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL" un derneath in green. For use on office doors or windows. Emblem is avail able in 2" and sizes. SAFETY DECALS $ 1--Sound Warning at Comers and Aisio Crossings $- 3--Do Not Talk To or Distract Operator S- 4--Before Starting Be Sure Everyone Is In the Clear S- 5--No Riders $- 6--Keep Toots in Safe Condition and in Proper Place After Use $ 7--Keep Floor Clean Around This Machin* S- 8--First Aid Kit $- 9--Only Authorized Parsons May Change Fuses or Make Repairs S>10-s-K*p This Space Clear S-ll--Deposit Waste Material Here S-13--Avoid Falls. Walk--Do Not Run--Use the Handrail 514--Please Keep Your Locker Clsan CAUTION DECALS C- 1--Shut Off Machine When Not in Us. C- 2-fir. Door-Do Not Block C- 3--Shut Off Engine Before Refueling C- 4--To Bo Operated Only by Authorized Employees C- 5--Pull and Lock Switch Before Oiling, Ad justing or Repairing Machine C- 6--Use Brush to Remove Chips C- 7--Stop Machine Before Making Adjustment* C 8--Use Fuse Puller to Remove Fuses C- 9--Do Not Operate Without Guards C-IO--Keep Guards in Correct Adjustment C*13--Ground Equipment Before Use C-14--Do Not Use Near Electrical Equipment C-17--Do Not Open While Machine Is in Motion D- 1--Do Not Wear Glovee While Operating This Machine D- 2--High Voltage D- 4--Keep, This Guard in Place D- 6--Wear Goggles While Operating This Machine 0- 7--Flammable--Keep Hamas and Heat Away D- 8--Corrosive Liquids--Use Personal Protec tive Equipment 0- 9-220 Volts 0-10-440 Volts D-12--No Smoking D-13--1Wear Goggles in This Area D-14--Oxygen--Keep Oil and Grease Away D-15-Actd D-16--Caustic D-t 7--Replace Guard Before Using Machine FIRE DECALS hl-for Wood, Paper, Textiles and Rubbish (Class A Firas) Not Elactrical Equipment F*2-dFor Wood, Paper, Rubbish and Burning Liquids (Class ABB Firas) Not Elactrical Equipment F-3--For Burning Liquids (OasoBns, Oil and Paint and Electrical Equipment) (Class B t C Fires) F-4--Sprinkler Valve--Do Net dese Unless Authorized PoitetA ui-J /(,, i direct J ll' the mass advertising and selling aids for safety POSTERS SIU YOUR SAFETY PROGRAM BECAUSE they are aimed straight at the sources of trouble--the underlying worker attitudes and the acts that lead to accidents fa they bring interest, color and impact into your program they cash in on the three basic rules for good advertising -- Timeliness, Repetition and Continuity tkr they reach your entire audience many times each day at a low, low cost--driving safety messages home at the time and place they can do the most good $, ! r S The Council's DIRECTORY OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY POSTERS illustrates 744 poster in miniature, covering safety, fire prevention and health, classified and indexed for easy reference. Posters are produced in four sixes: "A" size, SW* x I U/j"; "B" size, 17" x 23"; "C" size, 25"- x 38"; and the 8-sheet Jumbo described on the facing page. One "C" poster and one Jumbo poster are produced each month, and are shown in the NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS along with other new posters produced during the year. All posters shown in the Directory and the NEWS are available throughout the year. Those who do not wish to select their own posters may have them selected by Coun cil staff engineers, and shipped automati cally each month. Staff engineers make selections each month to provide special ized automatic poster service for 56 dif ferent types of operations. See the DI RECTORY OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFE TY POSTERS for a complete explanation of automatic poster service, or write the Council for information. N-30 BO POSTERS ARE-- so BIG they can't bo missed a so COLORFUL they demand attention so FORCEFUL they can't be ignored From the president right down to the office boy, nobody can help but give a thought to safety when they pass your Jumbo Poster board. Spotted near the entrance, these giant-sized billboards also carry plenty of community relations value. They literally shout to every passer-by that your company is vitally concerned with the safety and welfare of your workers. These thought-starting safety displays are a big 11 feet 8 inches wide by 9 feet 11 inches high, and come in eight sheets for easy handling. The ink and paper used are of regular outdoor qual ity, and are weather resistant for at least 30 days. A subscription gives you 12 posters--a ne and different message for each month. P for erecting an attractively styled Ju Poster display board will be sent on request. "C" SIZE POSTERS ...... FUAMES tm* ar * inside the plant n th* Jumbo poster does outside--tt. advertises your safefyprogrem. ft tails everyone, every day^af safety is a. top priority matter in youreompony. ,fwelve . metal frames,' ntWNF tovf8 "A" and,"*' size Council poster**-':frames ere large enough to accommodate card- board baching and' a glass or plastife.shaet in frontof the poster. i . **, ' ' ,, L'/ -: new "G" sin posters are released'eechYear... --one per month. Each is previewed .hi, the NATIONAL SAFETY dared on annual subscription or individually. POSTER ELECTROS You may obtain electrotypes of any poster illustrated In one color in the poster direc tory K in the NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS. Order by poster number. f%" % 2%", v-r- -********a# .a.' .- .....reproductions of safety; pa*tfts, :5eiact 12 different posters from- these shcmn in One color in the pester dirdotoiy'ir in NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS. Enclosures ere printed 12 to a sheet; then cut to iViP sise. Minimum order-- 1200 enclosures (100 sheets). Quantities of tech of the miniatures selected must be identicaL: When-more than one group of 12 are ordered, eeh group of 12 is priced as an indfvidysit Order. See Directory of Oc cupational Safety Fosters for details. Teaching Safety is a cinch when SAFETYGRAPH Safetygraph* are illustrated safety talks complete within tt selves, ready for use at a moment's notice. They consist of 12 to 16 large [18" x 24") spiral bound picture pages with a ^ plete safety talk, instructions, questions and answers and sum C0,,'' They employ the tested training method of I) tell them, 2) ,1,^ them, 3) let them try, 4) discuss the "reasons why", 5) test the* knowledge, 6) review the essential points. Ir Give the talk as it's written, omit parts to shorten it, or stretch it out by using all the demonstrations, questions and group p4r ticipation suggestions in the instructions. You'll find the SAFETY GRAPH one of the most popular and effective visual aids avail, able for training small groups. # I HOW TO LIFT Teaches workers efficient and safe pro* cedures for lifting, handling, and carry ing materials. The rules stressed are; keep hands clear; get a good grip; have a good footing; bend your knees; keep the load close to you; get help for heavy or awkward loads. 2 BENCH AND STAND GRINDERS Discusses eye protection around grinders; spacing for work rests; work pressure; exploding wheels; over-heating; checking for damage; checking speed ratings when changing wheels; ring-testing for defects; hood adjustments; dressing wheels; excessive vibration. zt 3 OPERATING A POWER PRESS Emphasizes guarding--types of guards, and why the operator should use them. Also discussed are: use of sticks to re move pieces that are caught; special tools to insert and remove work; pre venting damage to dies; proper dress; handling stock parts. C 4 WEARING GOGGLES Is a head-long attack on complaint about wearing safety goggles. It shoots holes in time-worn excuses like: "they're too heavy" .,. "this job'll only take a min ute." With humor and logic, it wins over non-believers and reconverts backsliders who have been careless about wearing goggles. ip 5 PLANT HOUSEKEEPING Stresses it's up to workers to wipe up grease, put scrap in a box, keep the work place clear, and lockers clean. It discusses the safe way to stack materials: start foundations; keep piles straight; cross-tie layers; stepback of Ul\ piles; keep aisles and fire exits clear. # 6 LADDER SAFETY Teaches the four primary rules of Ud<Jr safety: I. Select the right ladder; 2 Inspect it before use--look for weakness or faulty repairs; 3. Secure it--place at proper angle, use non-slip feet, or ia*h; 4. Use properly--climb the safe way, secure tools. 4 7 USING FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Explains the classes of fires, what type of extinguisher to use for each, and how to use it. it also discusses what to do in case of fire. The safetygraph is most effective when used in a two-part course, part 2 being outdoor demonstrations of extinguishers on actual fires. # 8 ACCIDENTS DON'T HAPPEN Gets right down to the grass root of safety--to the basic principle that acci dents don't happen, they are caused. It discusses unsafe conditions and unsafe acts, cites specific instance of each type, and shows how each accident could have been prevented. # 9 COMMON HAND TOOLS Shows how to avoid hand and finger injuries caused by hammers, wrenches, chisels, knives, files, and screw drivers. The four ways to prevent hand tool acci dents are: use the right tool; use a tool in good condition; use it the right way; keep in a safe place. # 10 PREVENTING FIRE Explains how it can be prevented by controlling two of the three fire com ponents---heat and fuel. It die cusses the major sources of heat in industrial fires; electricity; smoking, and the types of fuel involved in most industrial fires-- greasy rags, flammable liquids, etc. {) TOE PROTECTION a persuasive presentation of the facts l ut safety If examines all the 0Ufion objections to wearing safety Cl s and Proves that each is based on * founded prejudice or lack of informa'/V It also shows some off-the-job uses iafety shoes. . ,2 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS <k^s UP fnPor^an* P0'*1** to remember j,out electricity and electrical equip%nt* I* Use 9d equipment, 2. Don't ygrload circuits, 3. Keep away from live inductors. 4. Ground an electrical tool j^fore use. Discusses the common causes electrical burns and injuries. ,3 INDUSTRIAL POWER TRUCKS piscusses parking, loading, inspecting trucks, and safe driving practices. Il!ufrate* the wrong ways to use a truck. Rovers operating in close quarters, the <afe way to approach and enter an levator, etc. Drives home the main causes of plant truck accidents. - 14 ONLY A SCRATCH goes to work on how to get workers to use first-aid on little injuries. Shows how to treat different types of wounds such as punctures, lacerations, and Incisions. Sells workers on the idea that protecting themselves against infection is a sign of good sense. r 15 WANTED--SAFE WORKERS An informal session on what makes a safe worker. Deals with the worker who under stands his job and does if well, and with the fellow who learns the hard way. Covers, in story style, how to act at work, and dress at work. Stresses cooperation between fellow workers. = 16 FALLS Shows that falls are one of the most serious sources of industrial accidents. It covers everything from plunging down unguarded elevator shafts to stumbling over obiects. Shows how to prevent falls and discourages the use of makeshift equipment and horseplay, - i ; DOES YOUR ACCIDENT SHOWY Attacks the employee's attitudes which lead to accidents. It shows employees the reasons why people pull boners that can lead to injury: being "safety lazy," failure to follow rules, horseplay, distrac tions, failure to think, not feeling up to par. ~ !8 MY ACHING BACK Treats the subject of back injuries--why and how they happen. The drawings show how the bact functions, and what happens when it is strained or twisted. An effective way to drive home the proper ways to lift, and the need for securing help in lifting. ~ 19 STATIC SPARKS AND FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS It spares no punches in showing your workers how static sparks are caused, how they ignite flammable liquids, how to bond against these dangers. The in formation will sink in, take hold, and help every time workers transfer flam mable liquids. :: 20 OFF-THE-JOB SAFETY Doesn't mince words. It is designed to help stop the off-the-job accident toll, at home, in recreation and In traffic. It illustrates hazards to watch out for, and makes workers stop, think and watch their step---and play it safe off-the-job. " 2 l AVE YOUR OWN SKIN Discusses the causes and dangers of der matitis. It shows workers how to protect their skin; the need for protective cloth ing, and for keeping it clean and in good condition; discourages the use of sol vents, and encourages the use of pro tective creams, and first aid for all skin infections. n CHEMICAL SPIUS AND SPLASHES Emphasizes the dangers of liquid chemi cals, their safe handling and transport ing. it instructs workers to clearly iden tify them; how to empty drums, carboys and tank cars; what to do when chemi cals are spilled, splashed on workers, or if they are overcome by chemical vapors. - 23 TWO METHODS OF ARTIFI CIAL RESPIRATION Large line drawings and clear-cut instruc tions simplify the job of teaching the Arm-Lift and Hip-Lift methods of ar tificial respiration. Safetygraph #23 is the only available visual training aid cov ering these methods, which are now officially accepted by virtually every na tional organization concerned with arti ficial respiration. r 24 RAMP SAFETY Covers a wide range of ramp equipment --fork lifts, cargo conveyors, passenger loading stands, tractors and freight carts, air conditioners and fuel trucks. Pertinent points in safe fueling opera tions, cargo handling and general ramp procedure are brought to light. Suitable for refresher training or indoctrination of new aviation personnel. = 25 TWO-WHEEL HAND TRUCKS Shows the correct use and handling of a two-wheel hand truck. It discusses how to load and unload materials, difficult loads, the proper way to lift materials, careful procedure at corners and Inter sections and the proper use of hand trucks on inclined surfaces. - 1Q{ WHY BACK INTO TROUBLE? An Illustrated safety talk for commercial truck drivers. It gets down to actual cases and teaches drivers when and why to avoid unnecessary backing, hazards to look for, curb parkinq hazards, how to back safely, and tells the safe backing speeds. - i 02 YOUR MARGIN FOR SAFETY AT INTERSECTIONS Contains suggestions for commercial ve hicle drivers on how to prevent accidents at intersections. It warns to be suspicious of all intersections, to avoid sudden stops, to obey traffic signals, how to make left turns, and to be on the alert for pedestrians. N-3 TRAINING F|M! Trainees learn as much at 55% fastar, and ramambar up to 70% mora--and longer-- whan films art used to help taaeh. This means that you can cut dottn new-worker safety training time, give fewer refresher courses, and still get bettter results by using films. Each National Safety Council film hat been carefully planned to do a specific job in your safety program--to serve as an effec tive discussion springboard for supervisor' and worker meetings. All fundamental and general interest films are designed to cut acrost industry lines. Specific industry backgrounds are mini. mixed; emphasis is on safe practices--not environment. ' ! > 35mm Sound Slidefilms ; ] All of the films described on the following sis pages consist of a 35mm filmstrip end a 33I/3 RPhf recording. Fifteen of these films are also produced in 16mm sound-motion, a listing of the titles is shown on page N-41. ' All 35mm sound slidefilms released since. 1948 (marked with this symbol }) can be shown with either a standard projector or the new automatic 30-50 low frequency-.v-rj models. One side of the sound slidefilns ^ recordings uses an inaudible signal to auto matically advance each picture in synchro nisation with the narration. Previews and Rentals Individual films and film sets may be pro. viewed prior to purchase. Preview service .* charge is waived if the film is retained. The preview charge is NOT a rental fee.,:,; It is necessary to offset the CouncH't ee* pense in rendering a preview serocew4fta? packing, postage end return inspeeKon^fJj charges billed the Council by He verlpu ';: 't| film producers for each shipment; rejpfacemant costs for lost or damaged films; amt* the clerical and administrative cost of pro- ' cessing each order. 80th Rental and Pre- ? view charges are par week or fraction there-of exclusive of time in transit. Preview end rental service ts available only' within the continental limits of the U.S.A. unless the member- agrees to pay air-mail postage both ways. Canadian members mayv ] obtain ail Council-produced films for either' | rental or preview from the Canadian Film Institute, 142 Sparks Street, Ottawa 4, . Ontario, Canada. Replacements .0 Filmstrip or record replacements may be purchased at % the price listed for' they- complete film if the damaged record or fQm-.ii| is returned with the order. Otherwise costs^S of replacement is /* the price listed for the:;-. S complete film. Replacement footage - for/v^S all 16mm motion- pictures is avaHeWe ;#(' :';T laboratory cost. . N-34 BRAND NEW FILMS IF YOU TOOK YOUR FAMILY TO WORK WITH YOU Provo* that a worker's family plays an important part in his attitude towards safety oft the job. The film evolves about a day in the life of Jerry Reynolds and his son Butch. Jerry keeps imagining he sees Butch watching him do things that violate the safety rules. He is reminded of how he scolds Butch for doing the same type of unsafe things at home. As the day progresses, Jerry becomes more and more safety conscious. He realizes that even though Butch was not present physically, the boy was on his mind all day--that he should practice safety on the job just as though his family were wifh him--waiting for him to break soma of the rules he's been preaching to them. 13 minutes. Black and white. (Class I Film). Also 16mm sound-motion pic ture (Class V Film). < TAKE TIME TO LIVE Shows the worker how, by allowing himself (ust a few minutes more each day he can be relaxed and happy at the end of the day, instead of being worn to a nub. The central character in the film is Horace, the worker who is always in a hurry. He gets up late, doesn't have time for breakfast, trips on his way out, runs for the bus--and with ail the rushing is late to work. By contrast, the scene changes to show Horace getting up on time, enjoying his breakfast, leaving for work in a normal fashion-- and arriving on time. The film proves that nine out of fen acci dents in the home or on the street are caused by rushing. Figures from an actual test prove that allowing only 5 minutes more a day will prevent hurrying and give a worker time to get to and from work with ease and safety. 12 minutes. Black and White. (Class I Film). Also 16mm sound-motion picture (Class V Film).*}* "PERSONAL SIDE OF SAFETY'' T corrects unsafe attitudes by helping your workers to ANALYZE and UNDERSTAND themselves e front-door approach and stair stap logic, PERSONAL j|0E OF SAFETY raducat this complax attitude business to (tsily understood fundamantals. The five films build a convinc ing formula for personal safety that shows a worker that no one njn keep from getting hurt if he doesn't help. He must know |,jl job and know himself; be the master of his habits and amo tions; believe in the power of safety; WORK AT IT1 The metuge it believable because each worker sees himself in the humorous cartoon sequences and actual work scenes. It's painjus training at its best. Explains the steps in developing a new habit pattern; how to erase an unsafe habit. Each routine task is accomplished largely by one or more of the habit sequences we form. It's as easy to build safety into your habits as it is to do things unsafely. 15 minutes. (Class II Film). Emphasizes that award winning safety records don't "just hap- I pen." They are the results of careful planning and hard work. I They are the accomplishment of the individual worker who adopts j a "be safe" attitude for himself and towards his fellow Workers. 15 minutes. (Cless II Film). Enlarges on the idea of self understanding. Shows how feelings and emotions can undermine determination. Explains how to recognize the danger signals in time--make your emotions work for instead of against you. 15 minutes. (Class II Film). This film s wt that you've got to mix deter mnation with knowl edge a'd experience. KNOW YOUR JOB -- be thoroughly aware of the possible hazards; how to avoid them. KNOW YOURSELF--the personal peculiarities that make foi* accidents; how to control them, 15 minutes. (Class II Film). Wraps up the formula for personal safety with a quick review of the key points made in the previous films. To make it all work, it explains, each of us has to underline our efforts with determination--a sincere decision to be safe. 15 minutes. (Class II Film). ,i sssi'i 11 "iXV* -'A * - I In most plants the industrial nurse is the safety man's star salesj man. Your workers will learn and laugh as the accident-wise Miss Miller proves to skeptical Sam that accidents DON'T (ust hap pen. She shows him that accidents aren't funny--that they can be stopped by using a little common sense. She first softens him up by showing him some "scare" pictures of major accident in1 juries; then follows up by explaining why they happened. By j the end of the day, Sam's converted. 13 minutes. (Class I Film). ; Also 16mm motion-picture (Class V Film). A humorous story ed the worker who won't go home after a series of nerve-shattering home accidents. It takes a lot of doing, but the boss finally convinces him that he CAN take the plant safety program home with him; stop home accidents just like they do on-the-job. The film touches on all phases of home safety from housekeeping, ladders and electricity to lifting and home repairs. 13 minutes. Full color (Class III Film). Also 16mm sound-motion in full color (Class VI Film) or black and whiti (Class V Film). W ?! EVERYTHING you need to run a complete course in safety fundamentals. Ten of fhe sound slide films produced by the Council have been selected for use, in a series, as a basic safety training course for workers. By progressing step-by-step through the course, workers obtain a well-rounded fund of safety knowledge in amounts they can absorb and remember. The course can be put on easily, and with practically no timeconsuming preparation. With fhe leader's manual provided for each subject, anyone can do an effective job. The set is packed in a sturdy leatherette-bound carrying case. FIFTEEN MINUTES TO 60 SAFE HANDLING OF MATERIALS Dramatically compares the odds of getting an infection in a small cut or scratch with "Russian Roulette". They're in your favor, but would you take the chance. You'd have nothing to gain-- everything to lose. Actual photos of wounds, burns, and scratches before and after infection lends the realism that will convince your workers that they're playing it smart if they invest "!5 minutes" to get immediate medical attention. 15 minutes. (Class i Film) One-fourth of all industrial accidents involve handling of materials. Every worker -- regardless of industry -- lifts, carries, or handles some type of material every day. Whether it's an office or a heavy steel foundry, the same fundamental problem exists* the same simple precautions apply. With simple illustrations this film leads your worker through all the safe material handling "do's" ... backs them up with pictures of accidents that can happen if you ignore them. 15 minutes. (Class I Film) NO LAUGHING MATTER WHAT'S YOUR SAFETY I. Q.? Here's a film that covers falls from every angle. The scene Is a film studio where a group of safety experts are meeting to discuss a training film on fall prevention. As the plan session progresses, each man describes the fall hazards peculiar to his industry--bow to prevent them. Clever flash-back illustrations show how to stop falls in every work situation; trucks and trailers, ladders, scaffolds, elevator shafts, stock piles, stairs. Emphasizes the importance of keeping the work area clean; eliminating oil and grease on floors. 15 minutes. (Class I Film) Aimed squarely at one of your hardest-to-get-at problems--the off-the-job safety of your workers. Using the popular "what's wrong with this picture" technique, this film gets your workers to thinking .. .talking about safety in the home, In traffic, and at play. After each set of pictures is flashed on the screen, the audience is given 15 seconds to spot the safety errors. They then check their answers as the narrator identifies the hazards; explains how to avoid them. 15 minutes. (Class 1 Film) Also 16mm sound motion. (Class V Filmj.|< CAMS* FOR ALARM FREIGHT HANDLING SAFETY Sives a step-by-step description of what to do in case of fire; how to turn in an alarm--then what to do while you're waiting for the professional fire-fighters. In simple terms, it explains what fire is; how they start. It shows workers how to recognize the difference between Class A, B, and C fires; the types of extin guishers--when and how they should be used. 13 minutes. (Class I Film). Also 16mm motion picture (Class V Filmj,*|< Shows the worker how to lift, carry, and pile materials; how to safely operate a hand-truck. The main emphasis is on freight car and motor truck unloading hazards: the safe way to open a freight car door; lowering the dock plate into position and anchoring it; how to guard against "sleepers." The film is in story form and features a luckless cartoon character named Happy Jack whose exploits will hold your workers' interest. 11 minutes. (Class I Film) Also 16mm motion picture. (Class V Film 1 faming course A v\ - \_A__ KEEP IT CLEAN SAFI IN HAND Sells the Idea that it's easy to keep the plant ship-shape if every one cooperates--does his small part of the job. Presente an easy-to-follow housekeeping checklist keyed to a series of before and after shots of typical plant scenes. Emphasizes that a clean plant makes the job easier, safer, a lot more pleasant. 15 min utes. (Class I Film) Consists of two parts. Part I, Machinists' Tools, shows how to pick the right too) for the job; how to use each safely. Covers all the common hand tools. Part II, Maintenance Tools, discusses the heavier tools used by plant maintenance crews. 12 minutes for each part. (Class I film) EASY ON THI KYIf LBARN AND UVB If you're having trouble enforcing your goggle rules, here's a twofisted film that will open their eyes. It leads with a dramatic, emotional appeal that shows what it means to be blind or lose the sight of an eye. After this impact, your workers will be an attentive audience to the job-by-job explanation of the type of eye protection required; the three easy rules for eye safety. 20 minutes. (Class I Film) Also 16mm sound motion. (Class V Film) No matter how specialized your operations, your company rule book probably includes the 10 fundamental safety rules discussed and illustrated in LEARN AND LIVE. Too often when workers read these rules they get little out of them; they are unable to visualize from a few words on a printed page what can happen if the rules are ignored. This film lifts these rules from your book and brings them to life with action shots showing how and why they are applied. 15 minutes. (Class l Film) STOP THI FIRS THIIF Shows workers how to prevent fires before they start. Actual fire scenes, illustrating how costly and terrible fire can be, lead into a discussion of what can be done to root out the hazards encoun tered with: flammable liquids, electricity, hot slag, sparks, fric tion, etc. 13 minutes. (Class i Film) Also 16mm sound motion. (Class V Film)*J< CAUI ... he was just careless . . . th< floor was slippery... the grinding wheel broke ... he disobeyed instructions--these are just a few of the answers too many foremen give when asked why an acci dent happened. Accidents have definte causes; just as definite cures. This film shows--with actual case histories--how super visors and workers can root out accidents before they happen; what to look for and how to correct it. 17 minutes. (Class II Film) MY CYK DIAL Color cartoon film that combines giggles with goggles. Tells the humorous story of Herkimer and how he learned--by a near miss --the value of wearing safety goggles. Here's 10 minutes of good entertainment with a moral that your workers won't soon forget. (Class III Film) N- WOODWORKING MACHINIS GIANT HANDS OS INDUSTRY Covers ell phases of safety in wocdshop work from guards and machine operation to housekeeping and eye protection. Gus. an old safety-wise woodworker, takes two new safety committee recruits on a machine-by-maehine tour of the plant. With actual demonstrations, he shows them the importance of guards; how they work, as well as the safe practices to follow in using saws, splitters, jointers, shapers, and planers. 17 minutes. (Class I Film) Points out that the fWo causes of crane accident, urice to usec cuouririervcit hmaqniidu signals and failure to keep in th Explains the three basic movements of a crane; the t jr' hand signals for each. The film goes on to give other saf,| don't overload--check load-limit charts, how to place slina I '***' balancing long objects, and how to use hand hooks to guid | ' These points are driven home by showing accidents that It pened when someone "forgot." IS minutes. (Class 1 Fj|mj LABORATORY GLASSWARE Most laboratory accidents are caused by improper handling of glass equipment. This film shows the simple precautions to ob serve; wear gloves, fire-polish sharp edges, don't try to force glass into the wrong size rubber hose, loosen tube from stopper before you try to take it out, clear solvents from glassware before using, damp equipment carefully, clean up broken glass imme diately. 10 minutes. (Class i Film) CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT SAFETY A dozen common mistakes account for three out of four accidents with construction equipment. Among the safety rules covered are: keep equipment a safe distance from power lines, make sur# everyone is clear before you move machinery, block suspended parts before repairing or moving. A must film for ail tractor crane, dragline, shovel, and truck users. 20 minutes. (Class i R|mj Shows that while railroad round house is a busy place, It can be a safe place too, if everyone observes the fundamental safety rules. It explains that moving engines and cars art one of the biggest hazards; tells workers to look both ways before crossing tracks, don't cut be`*een or under cars. Shows how to work safely on top of tanks and boilers, in cabs, and on ladders and scaffolds. Stresses trip and slip hazards on floors; need for housekeeping. Film concedes with a discussion of shop tools, mechanical ma terial handling equipment, protective equipment, importance of first aid. 15 minutes. (Class IV Film) MEN OF MAINTENANCE There's a lot of behind-the-scenes preparation before freight cars get the go-ahead signal. Here's a film that will tell your car men both the big things and the little things they have to do to protect themselves and others from injury. The film stresses the precautions necessary in working near moving cars; use of blue warning flags; how to safely cross between cars. Also dis cusses the use of jacks and blocks; handling of coil springs; fall hazards; use of burner's torch, sledges and other tools; lifting with cranes and hoists. 15 minutes. (Class I Film) a; `K%ff SAFELY WE WORK Deals with the diversified safety problems of the men who con struct and maintain the roadbeds, buildings, bridges, and signals. Maintenance work is hazardous; demands extra precaution. Film stresses the safe practices relating to motor track cars: operation, inspection, emergency signal equipment, loading and placing of tools, getting the car on and off the track. Also discusses the safe use of all the basic tools and equipment: adzing machines, pneumatic stamping machines, ballast cleaning machines, wrench es, claw bars, jacks, and tongs. Shows how to lift and carry rails and ties; the need and use of protective equipment. 15 rpinutes. (Class I Film) Long years of experience have established the safe ways of doing every job in railroading. Moving quickly from point to point, the film is aimed at the fundamentals you want your new workers to learn. Explains how to get on and off a moving car; how to climb freight and tank cars; how to ride the top of a car or on the still step of a box car or gondola. Points out the warning signs in territory where car riding is prohibited; the safe use of hand, power, and air brakes; how to walk across or between tracks--many other vital safe practices. 15 minutes. (Class VIII Film) OPERATING HIAVT DUTY TRUCKS SAFELY Here's a brand new framing film covering the highly specialized operation of heavy earth-moving trucks. With on-the-job photographs, it covers all the hazards the operator will encounter; the safe practices that must be observed in driving over roadways, dumping, towing, and loading. The film is suitable for construction companies, quarries, and ail types of open-pit operations. It's an excellent indoctrination film for new drivers; an effective refresher for your experienced men. 12 minutes. (Class ( Film) SAWMILL SAFETY MINUTE MSN A mill superintendents tour of the plant with a new worker sets the stage for a job-by-job summary of safety in ail phases of sawmill operations. He is shown the precautions the head sawyer, dog ger, and tail sawyer must take--how their jobs affect the safety of every man on the crew. He's then shown the pond and what's done there to prevent injuries. Back in the mill, the superintend ent emphasizes the importance of keeping guards in place; the safe practices in using or working near edgers, cutoff saws, small pull saws, planers, piling machines, and carriers. The need for prompt first aid, housekeeping, personal protective equipment are also stressed. 17 minutes. (Class I Film) TIMBER A fogging company's safety com mittee proves "there's something to this safety business" to the skeptical, old-time logger. Using a check list of the chief causes of logging accidents, the com mittee draws upon the experience of its members to explain the common sense precautions for each operation. Falls are the number I problem, but they could be eliminated if: the men would walk only on firm, big logs; look out for loose bark; not try to jump too far from log to log; watch their step. They then move on to the safe practice? in using axes and saws; how to avoid injuries from widow makers, rolling logs, lines and gear, cats and trucks. 17 minutes. (Class i Film) Dramatizes the hazards involved in the work of utility company linemen--the safety precautions they must observe. "Service with Safety" is the slogan of the utilities industry, and they back it up with extensive safety training. The film goes on to illustrate a typical training program--the safe practices stressed. Covers: how to safely climb a wooden pole, how to work on top of the pole, the use and care of protective equipment such as rubber gloves and safety belts, how to use a grounding stick, instruction in artificial resuscitation. 20 minutes. (Class I Film) PACKED WITH SAFETY Covers the safety problems pecu liar to meat packing operations, and also touches on the basic safety subjects: housekeeping, first aid, lifting, ladder safety, and electrical hazards. The film fea tures a "gremlin" character called Axie Dent, and his running battle with a safety-wise superintendent who is trying to explain the basic safety rules to his men. Covers the care and use of knives and meathooks, steel mesh gloves, special machinery, meat trees, how to handle a load. IS minutes. (Class VIII Film) WOVEN WITH SAFETY The safety committee of a targe textile mill meets to discuss their over-all accident problem. By the time they break up they're agreed that it's the little things that cause most of the accidents; that they can be stopped if the mill workers will heed the fundamental rules: never clean, repair, or adjust the parts of a machine while it is moving; keep guards in place; keep knives and scissors where they belong; lift properly; get first aid promptly; don't waar loos# clothing naar machines. 15 minutes. (Class I Film) NSPORTATIO SMOOTH OPERATION Driving a truck in city traffic needn't be a nerve-fraying ordeal. The secret is smooth operation-- the skillful coordination of driver, vehicle and traffic. Sudden stops, starts and turns are apt to catch other drivers off guard. Make your moves g-r-a-d*u-a-!-i-y after proper signaling and a quick check of the rear view mirror. A sportsmanlike attitude leaves you relaxed and smiling at the end of the day. 16 minutes. (Class I Film). Also 16mm motion version (Class V Film). DEFENSIVE DRIVING Tells your drivers that preventing accidents is not so much the knack of squeezing out of tight places as It Is the ability to dodge trouble BEFORE they get into it. Keep your equipment in safe condition, follow at a safe distance, stop slowly, use hand signals, consider others. 20 minutes. (Class I Film). I IF IT HAPPENS Three important things to remember if you have a L keep the accident from getting worse--set out iiCCK^n*' record dll the facts--get all names, addresses, license *res: ^ etc.; 3. get your vehicle back on the job as soon as Q minutes, (Class I Film). 3SSl ^ 2Q P. U. D. DRIVER WINS AGAIN The story of a typical day in the life of a pick-up ancj ^ . driver--how he resists the temptation to ignore the ' iv?rY Points out that the real professionals are the best driver/ rU^S` road. They check their trucks every morning, they |ookV^ ways before entering traffic and at intersections, they sta in the posted speed limit, make their turns from the proper follow at safe distances, are courteous to other drive minutes. (Class I Film). rS' PILOTS OF THE HIGHWAY Moves from the first interview to the day the new man bee a full-fledged "pilot of the highway". An excellent mdocM^ tion film that covers all the safety fundamentals; gives the " ` behind your careful training efforts. Covers emergency maim!, nance, vehicle inspection. I.C.C. speed regulations, road signs standard hand signals. 20 minutes, (Class I Film). THE PROFESSIONAL SAFE DRIVING SERIES --5 safety psychology films aimed squarely at experienced drivers Wilbur Shaw, President of the Indanapolis Speedway Corpora tion and three-time winner of. the 500 mile classic, narrates this popular film series that dramatizes the whys and hows of safe driving, Shaw demonstrates that the right kind of practice, sensible health habits, concentration and correct mental attitude are as necessary to keep a professional driver from having acci dents as to keep a professional athlete in winning form. Big name baseball, bowling and golf stars contrast the fine points of their sports with the skill and finesse the "pro" drivers rely on to maintain their safety records. SKILL IS YOUR BUSINESS Wilbur Shaw illustrates that with relaxed coordination, profes sional driving skill can become automatic--can be maintained day after day regardless of adverse traffic conditions or unex pected emergencies. THE CHAMP BECOMES DEAF AND BLIND Lloyd Mangrum points out that the ability to shut out distrac tions makes the difference between a championship golfer and a duffer--and that concentration is just as important to pro drivers as it is to pro golfers. NINETY-DAY FLASH Paul Richards, White Sox Manager shows how a slight miscalcu lation repeated often enough can become a disasterous habit, and how a small driving error, repeated frequently will lead inevitably to accidents. WATCH YOUR HANDICAP Ned Day, long-time bowling champion explains that drivers, like professional bowlers, can handicap their performances through lack of sleep, improper food and health habits. The film corre lates clean living habits with clean driving records. TAKE A LOOK AT THE ODDS The concluding film in the series shows that the right attitude towards safety is the best insurance against accidents--proves that the odds are always in favor of the driver who plays H safe. Available in color or black and white. Running time of each film, 10 minutes. 16mm--Black and white (Class V) 16mm--Color (Class VI). 35mm SOUND SLIDEFILMS Reissued by popular demand FIRE The careless flip of a match causes a large plant to burn down; puts hundreds of men out of work. An appeal for caution on the part of every employee. 25 minutes (Class I). &RIME DOESN'T PAY--Dramatizes importance of good house* keeping in preventing accidents, 20 minutes (Class I). HANDLE WITH CARE--Illustrates safe oractices and precau tions in using hand trucks. 20 minutes (Class 1). MINUTE MEN--*A specialized training film for utility company employees. Presents basic safety rules for linemen, boiler room, substation and meter department personnel, 20 minutes (Class I). OPEN FOR INFECTION--Warns against neglecting even the smallest scratch--why prompt first aid is important. 25 minutes (Class I). RULES FOR TOOLS--Explains 4 basic rules for hand tools; right tool for job, in good condition, used properly, stored safely when job comple*^ 20 minutes (Class I). SAFE ALL AROUND--Shows workers how to spot lethal hazards present in their own homes; how to correct them. (8 minutes (Class I). THE FALL GUY--Points out that falls are one of the biggest causes of lost time accidents in most industries. Shows types of falls--how to avoid them. 25 minutes (Class I). > mm Motion Pictures SAFE AS YOU MAKE BT Combines sound safety training with amusement park thrills by contrasting the safety of the high rides with the hazards of the safe-appearing things we encoun ter every day. For all their speed, amusement park rides are safer than many of the little things of daily living. Amusement park operators can't afford to take risks--and neither can we. Each individual must observe the simple safety rules, weed out the hazards and not take foolish chances. This fast moving film captures interest--sells safety with the speed of the "Flying Turns". 10 minutes. (Class V Film). FOR SAFETY SAKE An excellent training film for all workers that use portable power tools. Shows how to use, inspect and maintain drills, grinders, saws and other electric hand fools with emphasis on the basic safety precautions. IS minutes, all motion. (Class V Film). An Accident Happens to Sam 13 minutes (Class V Film). See page N-35 A Gray Day For O'Grady 13 minutes (Class V Film). See page N-16 Cause For Alarm 13 minutes (Class V Film). See page N-36 Easy On The Eyes 15 minutes (Class V Film). See page N-37 Freight Handling Safety II minutes (Class V Film). See page N-36 If You Took Your Family To Work With You 13 minutes (Class V Film). See page N-34 Rental Films Rental service is available only within the continental limits of the U.S.A. unless the member agrees to pay airmail postage both ways. Rental limit is two weeks unless special arrange ments are made through the Council's Membership Department. Rental rate is $5.00 per week or fraction thereof. User pays return shipping charges. INDUSTRIAL The Safety Sleuth --accident causes Eye Accidents --eye protection in underground mining Diaqnosis Danger --hospital safety program And Care Of Hand Tools (series of six films; rent singly) Wrenches Pliers and Screwdrivers Chisels Hammers Punches, Drifts, and Bars Hack Saws Breath Of Life -tree-top resuscitation MOTOR TRANSPORTATION The Operator And Safety --city bus operators The Truck And The Driver --city trucks They Drive In Safety --indoctrination film for commercial drivers It's A Big Job --streetcar and city bus operations Caution At The Cross Roads --intersection hazards Personal Side of Safety Series Set of five 13 minute films (Class IV Films). See page N-35 Pick Your Safety Target 13 minutes--black & white or color. See page N-16. Black & white (Class V Film). Color (Class VI Film). Smooth Operation 16 minutes (Class V Film). See page N-40 Stop the Fire Thief 13 minutes (Class V Film). See page N-37 Supervising for Safety Series Set of three 12 minute films (Class V Films). See page N-16 Take Time to Live 12 minutes (Class V Film). See page N-34 What's Your Safety I.Q.7 15 minutes (Class V Film). See page N-36 You Can Take It With You 13 minutes--black & white or color. See page N-35. Black & white (Class V Film). Color (Class VI Film). Danger In Reverse --how to back safely Too Close For Comfort --following too close Too Fast For Conditions --gear speed to road conditions Wrong Side-Suicide --crossing the centerline What Happened? --accident reporting Looking For Trouble --vehicle maintenance Split Second Survival --avoiding highway emergencies Mind Your Manners --avoiding accidents through courtesy Dark Daze --after dark hazards Kfedtodc/tipft Photoscripts put safety across to your workers with realism. They're short, brief, to the point--they're convinc ing and easily understood. Actual photos drive home a story that sticks. Handy pocket site makes them ideal for payroll enclosures, handout liter ature, or mailings. Twelve Photo script booklets are available as de scribed below: ____ ~ ~-- I N-42 A C-SAN PLANT A clean plant is safer, more efficient, a better place to work. This photo script points out that plant house keeping is the responsibility of each worker. -S'--NT = >RE Pictures common fire causes--how they can be spotted and eliminated. Stresses importance of knowing where emergency fire equipment is and how to use it. SET F'RST A-.D Stresses the importance of immedi ate first aid for ALL injuries. Tells workers that a minor scratch--un treated--can result in a crippling injury; never fake a chance. :*:* safety Stresses clothing that fits you and your job, and the need for special protection on special jobs. Covers goggles, hard hats, safety shoes, gloves, etc. safety Presents the ten basic rules for the prevention of personal injury. Dis cusses unnecessary chances, horse play, handling material safely, first aid, safe clothing, good housekeep ing, etc. falls Palls rank second only to automobile accidents as a cause of accidental death. This photoscript pictures ten safety rules for avoiding falls; elimi nating fall hazards. MACHINISTS HAND TCClS Presents four easily-followed rules for eliminating hand tool accidents; I. The right tool; 2. In good condition; 3. Used correctly; 4. Kept in a safe place. HANDLE WITH CARE Presents practical tips on lifting, carryinq and piling. Stresses impor tance of weartnq gloves and protec tive foot gear when lifting. MAINTENANCE TOOLS Drives home the A B C`s of handling fools. It shows how to prevent acci dents by using them correctly, keep ing them in good condition, and in the proper place. PROTECT YOUR EYES Illustrates the two good reasons for wearing safety glasses--both your eyes. Gives the prescription for eye safety; wear the right glasses, make sure they fit, and keep them clean. FREIGHT HANDLING Covers such standard procedures as how to lift; how to carry; how to pile materials; how to operate hand trucks; unloading hazards, and dock plates. CONTROL OF FIRE What to do when fires start. It ex plains the different classes of fires, pictures the various types of extin guishers, how to use them, and on which type of fire. TRAINING INSTITUTE FIVE-DAY COURSE IN FUNDAMENTALS OF INDUSTRIAL SAFETY The aim of this course is to give practicing safety men a broad view of the whole job, an understanding of the principles of industrial accident prevention, and prac tical help for their day-to-day operations. Though the course is particularly valuable for new-comers to safety work, it offers the experienced safety man a stimulating opportunity to view his activities with a new perspective--to re-evaluate some of the things he's known, pick up new ideas, and talk over specific problems with instructors and other class members. Each student receives a 45-page detailed course outline and a kit of reference materials for follow-up safety. Fully half of the 1300 graduates have had two or more years experience before attending. Their job titles have ranged from foreman to vicepresident for industrial relations. The 1954 courses will be held at the Council's Chicago offices March 15-19, May 10-14, June 7-11, November 15-19, December 6-10. RU FIVE-DAY COURSE IN SAFETY MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES This advanced course is for safety men who feel they have sufficient knowledge of the fundamentals, and for those who have completed the basic course. It is taught by Council staff members as well as outside specialists in the fields of writing, speaking, psychology, visual aids and photography. Held April 12-16, 1954. N-43 NAT IONAL SAFETY COUN CONSULTATION SIRVICI The Council's staff of engineers, safety tech nicians and industrial hygienists are at your command by mail, wire or phone. They are equipped to give you unlimited assistance in planning and running a successful program of accident prevention. LIBRARY SIRVICI The world's biggest collection of safety in formation---thousands of publications, arti cles, photographs, illustrations on every conceivable safety subject--is yours to use. Material on any subject will be mailed to you on request. AWARD SIRVICI The Council evaluates each organization's occupational accident prevention record on a sound statistical basis. The Award of Hon or, Award of Merit, Certificate of Commen dation, and President's Letter are given in recognition of various degrees of progress. tests: Aeronautical industries, Chemical, Commercial Vehicle, Food, Glass, Marine, Meat Packing, Metals, Pulp & Paper, Petro leum, Printing & Publishing, Public Utilities, Rubber, Tanning & Leather, Textile, Transit, and Wood Products. Any Council member or Federal installation qualified under rules established by the sponsoring section may compete by submitting a simple monthly report. Entrants compete only with organi zations of their own size which have similar operations. Each month you receive a re port of your standing. If you win, there's a handsome trophy that's yours to keep. Con test rules and report forms are sent on request. STATISTICAL SIRVICI The information maintained on accident fre quency and severity in 200 industries permits you to check your, standing and the progress of your program against the records of other organizations doing similar work. Charts and tables are prepared on unsafe acts, agencies of injury and unsafe conditions that lead to accidents. IMPLOYII PUBLICATIONS SIRVICI The Council will keep you supplied with safe ty publicity material for company magazines, newspapers, and bulletins. Mats and proofs of safety cartoons and a monthly newsletter containing safety news items of general in terest are yours for the asking. NATIONAL SAFITY CONGRISS The biggest annual event in safety--a week of talks and discussions by the country's leading safety authorities--exhibits of safety equipment. Chicago plays host to the 12,000 delegates in mid-October each year. You can send any number of representatives to learn about the latest safety developments, and to meet and exchange ideas with safety men in your industry. SICTIONAL ACTIVITIES Part of the income from Council dues and publications covers the costs involved in developing safety codes and safe operating procedures for your industry and other technical studies. intra-industry contests are also supported by dues. These sections sponsor annual con PUBLIC INFORMATION SIRVICI Due to the ever expanding publicity activi ties and services directed to newspapers, magazines, radio and television stations throughout the country, the American work er and his family receive an average of at least two safety messages a day. PIRSONNIL BURIAU The Council maintains a confidential file of safety men who are interested in changing jobs. If you need a safety director or en gineer, the Council can help you find the right man for the job. SPIAKIRS BURIAU A file of both volunteer and professional speakers is maintained to place you in con tact with persons qualified to give safety talks to any type of audience. PUBLICATIONS SIRVICI More than 4,000 items produced by the Council for promoting accident prevention are available to members and Federal in stallations at nominal rates--in most cases at 40% to 50% of the established non member rates. GREEN CROSS FLAG AWARD PENNANTS { Flown at half-staff, this SAFETY FLAG is a mournful an- Available only to Award of Honor or Award of Merit winners, | nouncement of a lost-time accident. Run to the top on this attractive pennant is made of white, extra-heavy nylon. j accident-free days, it's a symbol of life free from the The safety emblem is of green nylon, anchor-stitched on both i tragedies of accidents. Or award it to the department with sides of the pennant. Pennant points are quilt-stitched to the best record for the month. Any way you choose to resist fraying due to wind whipping. 3' x 6', use it, this FLAG adds drama and color to your program. Organixations which have won the Award of Honor or the former DSS Award in previous years may order stars show Made of heavy-duty white sheeting, with the safety emblem ing the,year each award was earned. Additional stars are centered on both sides in permanent color. 4' x 6'. Flame- also available for Award ot Merit pennant. proofed on request. I SAFE DRIVER AWARD BANNER Dress up your award presentation ceremony with this striking banner. The award emblem is shown in three glowing colors on a white satin background, edged with rich 2" gold bullion fringe. 40" x 41". Sold only to members receiving Complete Motor Transportation Service. SAFETY DESK F1AG Miniature silk flag -- 4" x 6" --on a jet black 10" staff with (34" base. The safety emblem is in emerald green on a white ground. Also effective as 4 banquet table decoration. AWARD DESK PENNANTS Give your award "in plant" publicity with attractive, minia ture, white silk reproductions of the Award of Honor or Award of Merit. Pennant is 3" t 6", on a black 10" staff with i V4" base. Lettering in green. Available to Award winners only. X *c mt 5 ' o -* UHA m U) O IA ooo ppo NNO ..ooooooo 2 'O'OOpOO 2 ~ a. 2 : fg O TM <J ** -- > oin oin oin oo ooopoo eSo'On '-^cmsotminino>o* e -7T E E in O "D 6 * in rz < g j J * c ~ Q ? 19 8 ct " in _ r: = ^ > > -- > uc C ^5 55 -2* c d J_ t, -- o X 55 LU U. 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I Q o m o* 2 i K ; ^ X *_ ox i O T3 >o lo >. 35 o o if g? o ,0c %: o o fo "> 01CO *A* ,t ? 3 t 252 c 5 <j >. i-- 2 co.co g- >.0 c2 .2 vf 2 1> o Z *5 ^ _ OK X x , "Z IA -- -o --' ----------------- n 2 < i: TJ TJ U. to ~E o E 5-0 Ja? s >*2Z c jo>. < i|8 tft 5-S-S g a-o ; t t> _ iio . 9 ft i ?~J O ! ol -< ? - -o if 1? i oo 2S o________ Z- I o ; Ui <S --tt: > ^ _ o O Ift M V* M zz 22 .o S o" I 1 to 9 10 to 99 too to 999 Safetyman s Library, ea. 65-00 -- -- Safety Manual for the Graphic Arts Industry, ea 2.50 -- -- Safety Manual Reprints, ea. Safety Patch,* ea. Safety Register, ea. ,75 .60 .50 .50 .35 .25 .15 .09 .08 Safety Reprints--see Special Releases Safe*'* R-rond the Clock.* ea. ,10 ,06 ,045 5,000 to 9,999 $.03: 10 000 to 19 999, $.028 20.000 or more $.026 Safety talks tor Construction & Maintenance Foremen, ea. 1,70 1.50 1.45 Safety Training Institute Fundamentals of Industrial Safety $60.00 Safety Management Techniques, $90.00 Safety Zoo, ea, .20 ,16 .12 5,000 to 9,999, $.08; 10.000 to 19,999, $.075; 20,000 or more, $.07 Ship Shape, ea. .12 .07 .06 5,000 to 9,999, $.04; 10,000 to 19,999, $.035; 20,000 or more, $.03 Shop Safety, ea. .29 .22 .17 Showmanship In Safety, ea. So Help Me! ea. 1.25 ,17 LOO ,09 .90 .07 5,000 to 9,999, $.045; 10.000 to 19,999, $.04; 20,000 or more $.035 So You're Going on a Vacation, ea. .12 ,07 .06 5,000 to 9,999, $.04; 10,000 to 19,999, $.035; 20,000 or more, $.03 Speaking Straight, Thinking Straight, ea. Special Releases-- 1 or 2 pages, ea, .29 .23 ,23 ,10 ,04 .03 4 pages, ea. .10 .07 .06 6 pages, ea. ... .15 ,09 .08 8 pages, ea. .15 .11 .09 10 pages, ea. .20 .13 .11 12 pages, ea. ,20 ,15 .13 16 pages, ea. .20 .17 .14 18 pages, ea. Steps to Safety, ea. .25 .19 .15 .12 .07 .06 5.000 to 9,999, $.04; 10,000 to 19,999, $.035; 20,000 or more, $.03 Still Waggln*, ea. ,12 .07 .06 5,000 to 9,999, $.04: 10,000 to 19,999, $.035; 20,000 or more, $.03 Ten Commandments in Machine Operation, 4" x 7", ea. .10 .05 .03 9,/4" x 10%", ea. ,30 .25 .20 There !) Be a Hot Time in the 01' Plant, ea. .12 .07 5,000 to 9.999, $.04; 10,000 to 19,999, $.035; 20,000 or more, $.03 .06 Transactions, sets, ea. 6,90 6.30 5.70 What's In It for Me? ea. .20 .10 .08 5.000 to 9,999, $.055; 10000 to 19,999, $.05; 20,000 or more, $.045 Wise Bird Follows the Rules, A, ea. .12 .07 .06 5,000 to 9,999, $.04; 10,000 to 19,999, $.035; 20,000 or more. $.03 Woman on the Job, The, ea. 2.50 2.00 .90 Working Together for Safety, ea. .20 .15 .11 5,000 to 9,999, $,085; 10 000 to 19,999, $.08; 20,000 or more, $.075 You Factor in Accident Causes, The, Bus or Truck, ea. Your tO,000 Mile Living Room,* ea. 5,000 to 9,999, $.022; 10,000 to 19,999, $.021 .17 .10 .10 .04 20,000 or more .08 .03 $.02 .000 *0 4.999 -- -- ,45 .20 .06 Page - 4 10 5 51 25 035 26 1.35 20 43 .09 24 ,045 24 .16 24 .85 12 .05 24 ,045 27 .23 .03 .05 .07 .08 .09 .(1 .12 .13 .045 13 25 .045 26 .02 .18 .045 28 28 28 5.70 .06 II 26 .045 25 1.80 .09 12 27 .058 .025 50 27 CONDITIONS AND TERMS Prices shown in this catalog are effective February 15, 1954, payable U. S. Funds. They are subject to change without notice. All prices shown are based on a single order for delivery in one shipment to one destination (one shipment per month on annual subscriptions). Quantities are not cumulative over a period of time, or for a number of locations, to obtain quantity prices. All prices unless otherwise shown are pre-paid destination within the United States and Canada and Pan American Union. Customs charges will not be paid by the Council. An additional charge equal to 4% of the order will be made on shipment to foreign countries. Terms of payment on all invoices are 30 day net, except quantity calendar purchases. Annual subscriptions payable in advance. Remittance should accompany all orders totalling one dollar or less to conserve labor and speed up handling of the order. Single copies of monthly publications--12 issues annually--can be purchased at 1/10 the annual subscription rate. Special sorting or packaging, trimming to special sizes or other special handling of publications will, wherever possible, be per formed as requested* Service charges will be made for the cost of such work. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL IN-48 IMPRINTING CHARGES Imprinting can be done on all Council publications (outside front and back covers only) provided there is sufficient space and a light background color. In general, imprinting is limited to three lines. On large posters, imprinting is limited to the right hand half of the lower margin. It is understood that a quantity within 4% above or below the quantity requested will constitute an acceptable delivery on any order requiring imprinting. Imprinting at time of publication: Safe Driver, Safe Worker, and all other publications imprinted at time of publication (except calendars), regardless of quantity--per lot or per month on monthly publications.................................... $3.50 On monthly publications, the per lot-per month charge of $3.50 is effective only when the imprint remains the same during the period of subscription. Imprinting after publication: Large posters (I7"x23)---1st 1,000 or fraction........... ., $10.00 additional 1,000 or fraction......................... ................................ 7.50 Other publications imprinted after publication, where space permits 1st 1,000 or fraction ........... ....... . ..... ......$7.03 additional 1,000 or fraction ............ 3.00 425 North Michigan Ave., Chicago 11, III. SAFE DRIVER AWARD Recognized as the national standard for safe driving achievement--the most val ued award a professional driver can re ceive. Qualified drivers employed by organizations using the Complete Motor Transportation Service receive this gold plated award each year; it cannot be purchased. In three styles--cap or lapel pin, and key chain'--with an individual certificate. SAFETY POSTER SETS Popular, colorful, driver safety posters from the world's largest collection. Each poster presents driver situations in a new, attention-getting approach with special emphasis on important safe driv ing fundamentals. They are slanted to season, weather and the specific needs of fleet operators. Available in two sizes: large (I7"x23") and small x ilt/2"). A s^t consists of two different large and two different small posters mailed each month for a year. Sets should be ordered to provide a weekly change of posters on each bulletin board for drivers. FLEET SAFETY MEMOS 2. Fleet Safety Posters, 1950. 3. Publicity Procedure When Presenting Safe Driver Awards, 1950. 10. Protective Coloring for Commercial Vehicles, (950. 13. Safety Meetings for Commercial Drivers, 1950. 18. Investigating Commercial Vehicle Accidents, 1950. EXPERT DRIVER AWARD CERTIFICATES A new award certificate for exceptional safe driving performance. Available in blue for 5 year Safe Driver Award Winnar, silver for 10 year Award Winner, and gold for 15 year Award Winner. Name of winner will be hand lettered on certificate if requested. Available only to members receiving the Complete Mo tor Transportation service. 8" x I0`\ suit able for framing. DRIVER LETTERS Individual monthly letters on Council let terheads. Short, to-the-point safety mes sages . . . informal, friendly reminders on the normal high frequency and high severity accident causes, and seasonal hazards. They are cleverly cartooned and written in the driver's everyday language. FOR EXPERTS ONLY A booklet that seifs drivers on keeping a perfect no-accident record. Gives the rules for qualifying for the National Safe ty Council Safe Driver Award, and stress es the safety measures that must be taken to stay clear of the situations that cause accidents. 24 pages, x 8I/2". DRIVER MEMO PADS Every memo you give your drivers is a safety reminder when you use these handy-size memo pads. Each sheet fea tures a miniature safety poster. Available In sets of 48 pads; each pad bearing a different poster design. 25 sheets to a pad, size 4" x 41/2". Driver Training Materials HOW TO BE A SMOOTH OPERATOR A new booklet revealing the secret of smooth operation-- the skillful coordination of driver, vehicle and traffic. Points out how will prevent accidents, spare the driver's nerves and stretch the life of his vehicle . . . leave him relaxed and pleased with his job at the end of a day. 24 pages, 3" x 5". THE YOU FACTOR IN ACCIDENT CAUSES Aimed at the basis, underlying personal factors that cause transportation accidents. Its 24 pages strike home with every YOU factor from temper to worry. The cartoons invite read ing and the hard hitting text spares no punches in showing drivers how important these factors are in accident causes. 3%" x 51/2". Specify choice of Truck or Bus edition. DEFENSIVE DRIVING Two popular 24-page booklets filled with sound tips on good driving, backed up with cartoon illustrations picturing the folly of aggressive or sloppy driving habits. Designed to con vince drivers that preventing accidents is not so much the knack of squeezing out of tight spots as it is the ability to anticipate and avoid such situations in the first place. 3" x 5". Specify choice of Truck or Bus edition. SAFI WINTER DRIVING FACTS FOR TRUCK DRIVERS Summarizes the basic facts, safe practices and equipment information on winter driving hazards. Treats such important subjects as speed, braking, steering, jackknifing, and traction. Prepared by the Committee on Winter Driving Hazards. Charts and illustrations throughout. 2-color, 24 pages, 3%" *8i/2". DASH STICKERS A new type of ever-present safety reminder that adheres to any type 'of surface! They are bright, 4-color safety ads that keep drivers on their toes. Carefully chosen subject matter makes them equally effective for truck drivers, bus operators and passenger car drivers. 3" x 6". Sold only in sets of 12 different stickers. few SAFETY CONTEST TROPHY* An attractive award plaque to reward the best safety record in Inter-department or mter-organfration contests. Solid bronze casting. 6" x Hfi" on an 8" * iO^/V walnut plaque. Space for engrav ing inscription. SAFETY LAPEL PIN (K) The Green Cross for Safety emblem, %" diameter, gold finish with sparkling green and whiteenamels. Clutch back pin. MERITORIOUS SERVICE AWARDS A striking new award with gold lettering and laurel wreath and accented with red, green and white jewelers enamels. The three legends illustrated, CP). (. (HI. are carried in stock. Nickel-silver joint, pin end safety catch. Pins with your com pany name in outer band or another legend In center can be made. Write for details and prices. COMMITTEE BADGE (I) A handsome emblem of service in glittering green and white hard-fired enamel. The outline and lettering has a polished gold finish; the entire badge is protective coated. Nickel-silver joint, pin and safety catch, I" diameter. Personalized COMMITTEE BADGE (J) An inexpensive way to produce your own company badge. Top and bottom panels ere die struck and enameiad with any title or company name for an initial die charge of $20.00 per panel ($40.00 for both panels). Die charges will nof be repeated on subsequent orders. No charge is made for use of stock "COMMITTEE" die in top panel. SAFETY PATCH The Green Cross for Safety emblem for use on jac ets, sweaters, shirts, caps, etc. Hsndsomely emhoxJered in washable green and white silk. 2*/2''. GREEN CROSS ELECTROS An electrotype of the safety emblem suitable for use on letterheads, booklets, and in advertising. May not be used directly or by implication to in dorse or approve e commercial product. Members may use the words: "Member, National Safety Council" in conjunction with this registered trade mark. Mats and proofs of the emblem in , I" and 2" sizes, free. New Enameled NO-ACCIDENT AWARD PINS* (A) An outstanding new design in green, rad and whit, jeweler's enamels with gold edges and lettering. Pins show ing ell years, I to 40 are stocked. Nickel-silver joint, pin and safety catch. Now Personalized AWARD PINS (B) This style permits you to display your own company name in gold letters against a grean enamel background, with any selection of years, I to 40. A die service charge of $25.00 is made on the initial order. Metal NO-ACCIDENT AWARD BUTTONS* A low cost pin made of jeweler's bronxe wifh a sturdy screwpost beck. One to 4 year awards are bronze color (C); 5 to ? year awards are sliver plated (D); 10 to 40 year awards are gold plated (E). * NOTE: * NOTE: Sold only to Council members end U. S. Government Instal lations. In ordering, please submit brief description of the plan for use, including the basis for determining who will receive awards. Award pins may be given according to your own rules, but may not be used as driver awards. I Section 9--Safety Promotion and Trainu WHAT'S NEW National Safety Council, 425 I Michigan Avenue. Chicago 11. Ill; nois. Quarry Safety The Council's new booklet, Safet IN in Quarry Operations, provide NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL SERVICES*! quarries and related industries witl the basic information needed to buffi and maintain an effective safet; program. The booklet is a complete revisioi Machine Safety Several months ago the Council's publication for foremen, the Indus trial Supervisor magazine, offered cash prizes totaling S100 for the best "Ten Rules of Safety in Machine Operation." Although the contest required considerable thought and effort, hundreds of entries poured in. A committee of safety experts chose the winners. dren. Second, any public spirited company is interested in the welfare of all the children in the community. In addition to the humanitarian aspect, such concern is good busi ness. Safeguarding employee's chil dren shows tangible results, for an employee often loses time from work when his child has an accident. Even though he may come to work, the parent's efficiency is lowered by worry over the ailing youngster. And of an earlier one. and covers organi zational topics such as safety com mittees, accident investigation anc records, and medical and first aic facilities. Speenie physical problem; it's obvious that a company's inter est in the children of the community is good public relations. in quarry COMMANDMENTS Of SAFETY IH MACHINE OPERATION The place to start reducing your community's child pedestrian acci dent toll is through the people in your own plant--by educating your operations j tnoxhtn* an(y >1 hor* owtKvntrN > employees to give children a break in traffic. And Operation Safety's 9>ia>cU and 0> April leaflet can help you. This leaflet features Sammy Sore v4.r 1th i|utlmRlv which ,4b $1*4 IK* <h.n *- [Mil r' lhroiu head, a character whose highway antics no one would want to imitate. Sammy's the irritable type. Every thing annoys him. But kids on the ia it <> up i * by (EBB urn til #tabliih4 p#tolii4 \p**4 tiy (hr wrk plat* rdily-lh H--t (Uan 4>t KiUl and mU &**> h*r l**t-no cinyt lng i>4 Wt# tf*4 p*nanat pttf!# Mw,pmnt ipvcififd f*f th# |*fc h# u(rrv>t4r tyt ( 04 *rer fl4t K*rp r*ut m.rwl art f*ui wu'li. IF mwtl folk with ^^9* tamran* ityp Ixitk N hupiuy i>or mvinf moihift4fy* WHIM IN OOUtT ASK ?QU SUMHVlSOItt street are his pet peeve. He expects youngsters to act like adults and he penalizes them when they don't. He's one of the reasons why so many children become statistics. The leaflet urges readers to see that there's no similarity between their own highway conduct and that of this horrible example. It gives are discussed, such as scaling the face, ingress and egress from pits, drilling, etc. Extensive sections also are included on explosives, railway and truck transportation and many I MlOqfM * <*e m* tnaptmill m, Ium'Mjt some common-sense rules for drivers to follow. other topics. The publication contains excerpts Give "Sammy Sorehead" wide cir from American Standard Quarry culation in your plant. Place the Safety Code M-28. Council data In order to give publicity to these rules, a composite list of the best entries has been prepared. These "Ten Rules Sf Safety in Machine Operation" are now available in handy pocket size for distribution to workers and also on heavy cards suitable for posting. leaflets wherever they are likely to be seen or picked up by employees. Handout boxes and bulletin boards are excellent spots. Distribution with pay checks, house organs or any company literature is also a good way of getting them in circulation. For prices and complete informa tion on this leaflet and on the entire sheets--particularly those relating to the prevention of accidents from falling rock and the operation of heavy duty trucks--have been drawn upon for safe practices. The 40-page Safety in Quarry Operations has a two-color cover, and is illustrated with both photo graphs and diagrams. It is available Operation Safety Child Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety program, write to Operation Safety, to Council members at SI.25 each and to non-members at S2.50. Have you ever thought of child pedestrian safety as part of your off-the-job safety program? Child pedestrian safety belongs in your program on two counts. First, a company is naturally interested in the welfare of its employee's chil Look to this page each month for latest news about NSC services. Address.^^gpaste,, for additional information, samples or prices to the Membership dt^?artmenf. National Safetv News, March, 1954 305 take it from meACCIDENTS DON'T ALWAYS happen TO THE OTHER GUY/ JU/'AbO POST6Q for APRIL. 196"4 Tho /umbo posttr, ittuod monthly, is dtsifflod for outdooruto and it avaitabto to mombort on annuo/ subscription but is not stockod, its actual siso is 9* 11" by IV somebody SUPPCDUP onthzClAN-(/P 0067-A 8*2X11 U This new four color postor is illustrativo of tho 72 four color posters shown in the J954 Posses Directory. 0136-C 25x38 Above new 'C" posfer, issued monthly, it indicative of the of/ier two color postort-- shown in one co/or on tho following pagos and in tho 1954 Postor Oirectory. ON THE BEAM! HE new 1954 Directory T of Occupational Safety Posters will help keep your safety program "on courted It contains miniatures of 744 posters--topnotch se lections on a great variety of subjects. Additional copies are available at 50 cents each --write to Membership Dept., National Safety Council. Posters miniatured on this and the following pages are NEW. Excepting the Jumbo poster (left, upper), all will be in stock throughout 1954. Those posters shown in one color on the following two pages are actually printed in two or more colors. For a more successful poster program: first make your selections from the brand new posters shown on these pages and then- from the hundreds of illustrations in the 1954 Directory. Electrotypes of poster miniatures on this page are not available, nor can payroll inserts be supplied. Naiiomt Safety News, Manh, 1954 Posters below are printed in two or more colors (Available only in sizes indicated) 0066-A 8'4xl l'/2 NATIONAL 0128-A IAHTY COUNCIL 8Vixl I'A 0105-B iiilr1- xinuiii nniiiun mi>- -'iiiiiifiiiiiHii'mimmiimm'iiiiiiiiiiiiiimmiiiimiiMiMiMM ui-i 17x23 0117-A -fi -MiM-inumti .M'-MMiii,-i iM'iiilliiiM|MiiimiiitMiriiiiMiic"i'*-' 814x11'A NATIONAL 0122-A IAMTY COUNCIL 814x11V4 NATIONAL 0096-B tAPITT COUNCIL 17x23 Electrotypes of payroll inserts can be furnished in all poster illustrations shown above. National Safoty Nows, March, 1954 307 Posters below ore printed in two or more colors (Available only in sizes indicated) NO *. SMOKINGi AREA ^5 431 s7M -a NATIONAL 0119-A IAIITV COUNCIL 8%xl1% SIGNS ARE MADE TO BE OBEYED/ NATIONAL 0098-A lAFITV COUNCIL 814x11% MIMIIMIIIMIItllltfllMItlllllttlfvfMIMIMftlllilllllNItCIIMt1lillIlf>1NXtll!ltfll(l!lllr|1(Ktllltlf?Clflllfllinillt1Cltllltllllllllllll(lf(IKIIIffllltllllCIICril JI[IIIICIIIIIIHt(!IIHi|f inif ll(1ltri)lt11Cfllltllll<lllt1lll1NII1i|1ltlttillllllltlllf MlltlllltlltM ll(CIIIII1|||flllllllllllCMIIIIl4ClllltllltllUJItlltUtt(tlltrMUU1 Electrotypes of payroll inserts can be furnished in all poster illustrations shown above. 30$ National Safety Newt, March, 1954 First Aid Men Prove Their Value Where a plant operates around the clock and where operations are scattered, men with first aid training render valuable service. The pro gram of the Marathon Corp. at Menasha, Wis., was described in a recent News Letter of the Industrial Nursing Section bv Lilian Schipferling, R. N. The plant is engaged in the manu facture of paper and conversion of paper board into food wrapping and packaging products. The plant op erates around the clock, rotating shifts weekly. Nurses are on duty from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. This leaves 15 hours a day without nurse service. A trial period with a nurse on duty on the second shift did not prove satisfactory. To provide first-aid care during the hours when a nurse was not present, a program of training firstaid attendants was started. The goal was to have one or two trained men on each shift in each department. Training was done first by au thorized Red Cross instructors, and later by our charge nurse who be came an authorized instructor. The Red Cross Standard Course was taught, plus the standing orders for first aid attendants, authorized by our medical advisor. At the comple tion of the training, sessions were held in the first-aid department treating actual plant injuries under the nurse's direct supervision. First-aid trainees are selected by supervisors and the personnel de partment. Classes run for two hours each, usually one hour of lecture and demonstration and one hour of actual practice. Frequent quizzes keep the men alert and check the quality of instruction. Twenty-two hours are required to obtain the Red Cross Standard Certificate, which is given to those completing the course and a small first-aid kit is presented to each attendant for his personal use at home. The classes are held at change of shift time, and trainees are paid to attend. Arrangements are made with supervisors to have the partners of the trainees who are on shift re place them on the job during classes. To vary the classes, numerous training aids are used. Motion pic tures, magazine articles, bulletins and pamphlets from various sources help. The local Red Cross Chapter is anxious to help in obtaining mate rial. Once trained, the attendants, both men and women, are issued a key to a small locked first-aid box which National Saf*tv Now*. March 10K4 Section 9--Safety Promotion and Training Cut Down Accidents! War5] New Safety Records Achieved WITH OUR Complete Incentive Program Recognition must be given to all whether a member of a winning group or an accident-free worker in a losing group. This may be achieved through the use of group awards supplemented by individual safety awards. Designs and Quotations submitted without obligation Write for free sample of our 1 ti" Celluloid Pledge Button Catalogs Free Upon Request AWARD INCENTIVES, INC. 200 WILLIAM STREET NEW YORK 38, N. Y. Won't Blow Over Folds and Locks in Place EASTERN METAL--1 SOURCE OF SUPPLY for Alj Metal Signs... Harlem Metal Signs give you these Advantages SAFETY Immediate Delivery--over 1200 Types in Stock legible Lettering--Modem Designs FI RST WEAR YOUR NO .GOGGLES. SMOKING Official Legends--Approved A.S.A. Designs Long Lasting--Double baked enamel Economy--low cost; easy to install and main tain OFFICE .SILL 1 HOSE Eastern "A" Stana pictured above won't blow over. Wide angle-iron base and frame locks in place. Free-swinging sign unit folds com pactly for easy carrying and storage. Protect Your Workmen with the Eastern "A" Stand. Eastern Metal also makes all Industrial Safety, Directional Signs, and special warn CAUTION ing signs such as Eastern "iron Cop." -NO- Send for illustrated folder and price list. CLEARANCE EASTERN METAL of Elmira, Inc. Elmira Heights 8, N. Y. 309 Section 9--Safety Promotion and Training WRITE FOR LATEST CATALOG SHOWING SAFETY SIGNS FOR ALL PURPOSES STANDARD SIGNS, INC. 3190 E. 65TM ST. CLEVELAND 4, OHIO STANDARD SIGNS, INC. 3190 E. 65th ST. CLEVELAND 4, OHIO 310 is in their department. They also have access to the first-aid rooms, should more equipment than the simple items in the box be needed. After treating an injury a report is made out covering the name of in jured, his department, time of treat ment, type of injury, treatment given, how injury occurred, whether the injured was instructed to report to a nurse or sent to a doctor, the name of the doctor, and the signature of the first-aid man. This information aids the nurse in following up on night cases the fol lowing day. The attendant may refer a patient to his doctor if, in his opinion, it is necessary. Usually he will advise the patient to see the nurse on the following day and she continues treatment. On minor in juries of the one-treatment type this may not be necessary. The first-aid boxes are maintained by the nurse who checks them fre quently and keeps them clean and supplied. Recently some new oxygen re suscitation equipment was installed in the first-aid rooms and all at tendants were trained in its use. Re fresher courses are scheduled each year for those attendants whose Red Cross certificates run out and, since men are transferred to other depart ments at times, for new attendants to fill vacancies. This necessitates one or two training courses each year and a refresher course. The results of the program have been more than satisfactory. The attendants totaling 125, now serve 2,500 employees. Of an average of 2,750 first-aid visits and treatments per month, the first-aid attendants handle an average of 300 treatment^ or nearly 11 per cent. Employee reaction has been good. Records are well kept, due to thorough follow-up by the nurses. The situation is complicated by the local setup which consists of three separate manufacturing plants plus some operations away from the main plants. The company has two fully equipped first-aid rooms with a nurse in attendance and a charge nurse over all. The attendants are the means of extending prompt first-aid service to all parts of local opera tions. A by-product of the program is the benefit to families of the at tendants and to organizations of which they are members and who use their services at picnics, athletic events, and other gatherings. Further evidence of the success of the program has been the interest shown by neighboring plants who new ioric Regulates Explosive-Powered Tools Use of explosive powered tools which employ blank cartridges to drive metal pins or studs into concrete, will be reg ulated by the State Labor Department after March 1 under the terms of a new Industrial Code Rule prepared and ap proved by the Board of Standards and Appeals. The new code requires registration and approval of all tools by the State Labor Department's Board of Standards and Appeals, minimum qualifications for operators and adequate maintenance and storage standards for the tools. The code also prescribes correct operating methods while using them, and pro hibits their use in driving studs into steel. Hazards of the machine include acci dental discharge, ricochet, explosive at mospheres, and going completely through the work surface and hitting somebody on the other side. Since World War II many industries have used these machines for such pur poses as cutting various sizes and types of cable, splicing or attaching terminal fittings to cables, removing and tighten ing rivets, joining pipe, and driving solid-or-hollow-threaded steel studs. cd-wati. enu SERVICE Recognize your veteran employ* ees--increase ioyoHy--reduce labor turnover. Show your appreciation for years of loyal service with a Metal Arts Service Award Emblem. SAFETY Fewer Accidents mean more man* power, less lost time. Encourage safety with our Safety Emblems. Emblems con be applied to tie clasps, money dips, lighten, etc. QUOTA CLUB Start a Quota Club and watch your sales in* crease. Your salesmen wilt be proud to earn the right to wear an emblem with your company name. SUGGESTION Augment your cash award with a distinctive emblem. Promote competition among your work* ers. Increase labor, material and method savings. Advertising Specialties Name Plates toe.4 Winter Fires With cold weather come numerous (ire hazards. Here are some typical winter fires reported to the Factory Insurance Association: Salamander ignites tarpaulin. A contractor, closing in a section of wail under construction, used tar paulins on outside of building to protect brick masons. A coke-fired salamander placed under the tarps for heating purposes ignited tar paulins, damaging roof structure and walls. Frozen Hydrant. Electrical break down resulted in a fire in an oil-fired heat treating furnace. Employees telephoned the alarm and attempted to extinguish flames with first aid equipment. The first public hydrant to be tried was found frozen. A lead of 1500' of 2 W' hose was required before a line could be put into operation. Neglected System Freezes. In an unheated warehouse protected by a dry pipe sprinkler system, the con densate froze in an exposed low point. The pipe burst, subsequently tripping the dry valve. Presence of ice in the alarm line resulted in failure of the water mo tor gong to notify the night watch man that the dry system had op erated. In the morning, a routine check-up by a plant inspector, re vealed not only the flooded dry valve but ice throughout the entire system which was attributable to freezing temperatures in the build ing. In order to thaw out piping, it was necessary to dismantle the entire system, ca: v pipe and fittings into heated aveas for thawing and then reassemble the system, replacing split pipe, fittings that had burst and frozen sprinkler heads. An excess pressure test revealed further de fects requiring immediate correction before the system could be placed in service. Plan World ComQiittee On Occupational Health The World Medical Association, representing 700,000 physicians of 46 national medical societies, has an nounced plans to establish an Inter national Committee on Occupational Health for the benefit of industrial workei's everywhere. Dr. Louis H. Bauer, New York, secretary-general of the World Medical Association, said the inter national committee will be made up >f physicians who are members of he W.M.A. At an initial meeting in New York recently, more than 60 industrial health leaders in the United States explored the feasibility of embarking on such a program and urged the W.M.A. to do so. Industrial health leaders, representing medicine, industry, and government, pledged support of the new movement at the New York meeting because it was felt that every country with any degree of industrialization has industrial health problems. Dr. Bauer listed these immediate objectives of the International Com mittee on Occupational Health after it is appointed: 1. To formulate and promulgate standards for better medical and health services to employed groups. 2. To prepare a report on the relation of the physician to these major compo nents of industrial health: administra tive relationships, health counseling and health education, preventive medicine workmen's compensation, rehabilitation, medical care, and environmental hygiene. 3. To meet with representatives of other international industrial health groups, such as the International Labor Organization and the World Health Organization, to define specific objec tives, spheres of action and working relations. 4. To sponsor a discussion at an early session of the World Medical Associa tion, independently or in conjunction with other agencies, to bring into focus its own program with that of existing international bodies. "In this way," Dr. Bauer said, "the medical practitioner everywhere -- individually and through his profes sional organizations--can understand more clearly the health problems of the worker and his employer. In dustrial health is directly allied with public health in every country since a workman must be kept healthy 24 hours a day if he is to do an effi cient job." j j j j j Paper Containers Carry Safety Thoughts Among the media for spreading safety slogans and other reminders are various types of paper products. Paper cups bearing safety remind ers, for example, are now being pro duced by several companies for plant canteens and cafeterias and indus trial caterers. These often carry the Green Cross for Safety emblem, which has high attention value. Paper napkins imprinted with safety messages are also used in some plants. For customer distribution, paper bags and wrapping paper and pres sure sensitive tape may also carry slogans. ationa! Safety Newt, March, 7954 Section --Safety Promotion and Training STANDARD SIGNS, INC. 3190 E. 65TM ST. CLEVELAND A. OHIO Section 9--Safety Promotion and Training What, is there about Wausau, Wisconsin, that makes it the ideal home for one of the world's most important insurance companies? Employers Mutuals of Wausau invited a Chicago newspaper columnist to visit its hometown and find out. i *j '. : o "i ~j U.i By PHIL HANNA, Business Columnist of The Chicago Daily News Thsaeuc. o"Gndouocdtotroownnt,h"ehterasainidk.n"eWwaWusaauu people are like Texans--they wouldn't want to live anywhere else." X soon began to see why. My first visit was in Anton Paszek's barber shop. "We're too big now," said Anton, "for everyone in town to know everyone else. But you won't find many places that beat Wausau for people liking each other and giving each other a hand." At Ploss' Drug Store, Baumann's Hardware, everywhere I went, I heard more about the good spirit of this city. Even the "coffee break" in Wausau is a special thing. A company president, or even a chairman of the board, will sit around the table with his employees, relaxing together over a cup of coffee and talking over common problems. 1 heard one story that gave me a good slant on Employers Mutuals. The Com pany's Board Chairman, Mr. H. J. Hagge, had a birthday some time back. The high school band went over and played "Happy Birthday To You!" under his window. That means to me that Mr. Hagge must be a good person to know. And it means that this com pany he has headed for many years must be a good one to do business with. It's only natural that Employers Mutuals would take on some of that "Wausau Personality" I found every where on my visit. Business is people-- and Wausau people are the right kind. Employers Mutuals of Wausau are "good people to do business with." There's a little bit of Wausau on the sidewalks of hew York--and in 88 other cities where this Company has offices. Wc write all lines of fire and casualty insurance -- every thing but life insurance. Our largest line is workmen's compensation. We have two rep utations, born and raised in Wausau, that we aim to hold. The first is that we'd rather prevent than just pay for an accident. Our accident-prevention program, second to none, means lower insurance costs to policyholders. The second is claim service. Handled direct by our branches, this service is unexcelled'in the insurance field for care and fairness, with a signal record for prompt payments. Employers Mutuals ofWausau 372 National Safety News. March, 7954 Section 9--Safety Promotion and Training "Fm proud to be a Savings Bonds for Uncle CHARLES M. WHITE President Republic Steel Corporation "Pm proud to be a Savings Bonds salesman for Uncle Sam and I urge every business executive in the nation to advance the cause of American enterprise in this way. "Every one of us at Republic Steel is proud of the results of our Payroll Savings campaign: 96.7 per cent of our employees saving systematically from each pay in U. S. Savings Bonds. These results were possible only because all 68,344 of us at Republic were part of an enthusiastic team. We feel that this is the best way we can demonstrate our appreciation of the efforts to have a sound dollar and a stable economy." 96.7% of Republic Steel's 68,344 employees--over 66,000 men and women --are enrolled in the Payroll Sav ings Plan. These 66,000 members of Republic's "enthusiastic team," as Mr. White so aptly terms them, are investing more than 116,000,000 per year in U. S. Savings Bonds. In addition to building personal security, these men and women of Republic are making a very important contribu tion to America's "efforts to have a sound dollar and a stable economy." Certainly Republic Steel's Payroll Savings record is out standing-one of the best in the country. But it is not unique. Other companies have comparable records, meas ured in percentage of employee participation, or in annual Savings Bond purchases. In every company with a ffigh percentage Payroll Sav ings Plan you will find that the president or top executive appreciates the importance of the Plan and what it means to personal and national security. He knows that 45,000 companies have Payroll Savings Plans . . . that 8,000,000 employees of these companies are investing more than $160,000,000 per month in Savings Bonds ... that the cash value of Savings Bonds held by individuals today is more than 36 billion dollars --and rapidly mounting, thanks largely to the steadily increasing family of Payroll Savers. He is 100% behind his company's Payroll Savings Plan, and everybody in the company knows it. He takes personal pride in watching employee participation grow to 60%, 70% , 80%, or, perhaps, the high 9Q's. If you are not making this important contribution to America's effort for a sound dollar and a stable economy, a wire or letter to Savings Bonds Division, U.S. Treasury Department, Washington, D. C., will bring prompt coopera tion from your State Director. He will show you how easy it is to join Mr. White and thousands of other executives as a Savings Bond Salesman for Uncle Sam, with a company Payroll Savings Plan that you can be proud of. The United States Government does not pay for this advertising. The Treasury Department thanks, for their patriotic donation, the Advertising Council and NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL National Safety Newt, March, 1954 313 Section 9--Safety Promotion and Training Company and A.A. Rehabilitate Drinkers Approximately two out of every three problem drinkers in the em ploy of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company have been rehabilitated in the last 10 years through coopera tive efforts of the company's medi cal department and Alcoholics Anon ymous, the company reports. Dr. Thomas H. Hogshead, Wil mington, medical supervisor in the company's employee relations de partment, told the 14th annual Con gress on Industrial Health that some 350 workers were restored to use fulness at a cost of less than $100,000. Dr. Hogshead said the gains can not be measured, but he pointed out that it costs the company an esti mated $2,000 to train a chemical or textile machine operator, $5,000 to train a supervisor and $25,000 a year to maintain an already trained re search chemist. Problem drinking received little attention in industry until the ar rival of Alcoholics Anonymous on the scene in 1935. The du Pont pro gram now includes prevention, treat ment and rehabilitation, built around and centered on A.A. fellowship. DON'T LET YOUR EMPLOYEES WALK OUT ON YOUR SAFETY PROGRAM In association with . Anonymous, the progr* A1 by an understanding anri'* a551*tt company policy," Dr However, the company attempts to influence A.A ! ?. there are no groups with3,1,1 company." wuhin ^ Du Font's medical facilit! well as many communitv f 'e? 98 are used in attacking the 9cilitis but always with active assn^S in A.A. as the immediate H C19tin reported. Cases requiring hea-' he zation are referred to understanding the company^0"5 gram Those cases arising fn tlIPr' outside the Wilmington area directed to du Pont approved ** tutions in their localities msti' Five fun-time physicians in du Pont company assist in an edn eational program which nomtc that alcoholism is a disease and T* be treated. In the central office , tufl-time psychiatrists are alert ^ the problem of alcoholism in the ! routine work. hi the Wilmington offices, there are three A.A. members who devote much of their time and effort to the problem drinker. THE BOOK MATCH IS ON THE JOB CONSTANTLY .. . When your employees hear the closing whistle they walk out of the plant and right out on your carefully planned safety program. They are on their own for the next 16 hours. Have you ever thought of this fact? An off-the-job accident can cost you just as much money as an on-the-job accident. Why not send your safety message home with the workers? If you can accomplish a 24 hour selling job on safety you have reached the pinnacle of safety management. BOOK MATCHES ARE READ AND REMEMBERED ... MOST INDUSTRIAL WORKERS SMOKE Book matches are carried by 72% of the population and 90% of industrial workers smoke . . tie these two facts together and you have the solution to conducting a safety campaign that will accomplish its objective. Book matches have a utility value which is recognized and appreciated by your employees and they will take interest in your program. Interest creates thoughtfulness and when you create thought fulness the big job is accomplished on any safety program. WIRE OR WRITE FOR COMPLETE DETAILS ON DIAMOND BOOK MATCH SAFETY PROGRAMS THE DIAMOND MATCH CO. ^tTOOK MATCH ADVERTISING DEPT. 125 PARIDGN ST. SPRINGFIELD, MASS. 314 Can Your Employees Answer These? Here's a quiz on fire safety used at the Chicago printing plant of R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company: 1. Where is the closest fire ex tinguisher from your working station? 2. How many kinds of fire ex tinguishers are there in your department? 3. What kind of extinguisher would you use on: (a) an electric motor fire? (b) a cotton bale fire? (c) a rag can fire? (d) a paper fire? (e) a card fire? 4. Where are the sprinkler head valves in your department lo cated? 5. What should you do if a man's clothes catch on fire? 6. Where do you put empty ex tinguishers for refilling? 7. Who refills extinguishers and where is it done? 8. Who returns the filled extin guishers to their proper storage place? 9. How are C02 extinguishers checked for full charge? This short quiz can tell you how well informed your employees are concerning fire safety. Spring it on your men or supervisors at the next safety meeting. National Safety News, Match, 19U \ DIRECTORY OF ADVERTISERS --A-- Paq No. Ace Fire Equipment Co..................... 224 627 Howard $tM Detroit 26, Mich. Ace Manufacturing Co............... ......70 SteeleviMe, III. Acme Protection Equip. Co........... .105 3037 W. Lake St,, Chicago 12, III. DISTRIBUTORS; Buffalo 9. N, Y., 1443 Main St, Chicago 39. III., 5115 W. Diverse/ Ave. Detroit 34, Mich,, (9225 Conant Ave. Houston, Tex., 1915 Westheimer Knoxville, Tenn,, 832 W, Main St, E. Orange, N, J.t 491 Prospect St. Philadelphia 4, Pa., 214 So. 45th St. Pittsburgh 33, Pa,. 901 Pennsylvania Ave. St. Louts 3, Mo., 2608 Olive St. Vancouver 4, B.C., HO Alexander St. Advance Glove Mfg. Co. ........128 902 W. Lafayette Blvd., Detroit Aerotee Corporation........ ............. 59 Greenwich, Conn. BRANCH OFFICES in Principal Cities Alan Wood Steel Co......................... 17 Conshohoken, Pa. SALES OFFICES: Atlanta 6, Ga., 1018 Blvd., N. E. Boston 9, Mass., 131 State St, Cleveland 3, Ohio, 7016 Euclid Ave. Detroit 2, Mich., 427 New Center Bldg. Houston 2, Tex., 116 Oil & Gas Bldg. Los Angeles 15. Calif., 620 W.M. Garland Bd. New York 17, N. Y., 60 6. 42nd St. Philadelphia 9, Pa., 1527 Fidelity-Phila. Trust Bldg. Pittsburgh 19, Pa., 912 Union Trust Bldg. San Francisco, Calif,, 544 Market St. Seattle I, Wash., 3215 Western Ave. Albina Engine & Mach. Works ..... 42 2100 N. Albina Ave., Portland. Ore. Allen Optical Co........................ . 103 85 Allen St.. Buffalo 2. N. Y. Aloe. A. S., Co. .......... .................. 243 1831 Olive St., St. Louis 3, Mo. BRANCH OFFICES: Atlanta, Ga. Los Angeles 16, Calif.. 1150 S. Flower St. Kansas City 6. Mo,, 204 Bryant Bldg. Minneapolis. Minn,, 610 3rd Ave. So. New Orleans 13, La., 1425 Tulane Ave. Washington, 0. C. American Abrasive Metals Co......... 24 460 Colt St., Irvington 11, N. J. Page No. BRANCH OFFICES: Atlanta, Ga. Boston, Mass., 10 High St, Chicago, III., Ill W, Washington St. Los Angeles. Calif. New Yor*c, N. Y.t 50 Church St. Philadelphia, Pa.. 1700 Walnut St. St. Louis, Mo., 223* Olive St. San Francisco, Calif., Rialto Bldg. Seattle, Wash., 1718 Broadway American Biltrite Rubber Co.. Inc.................................132-133 Chelsea 50, Mass. American Chain & Cable Co. ..176-177 Bridgeport, Conn. DISTRICT OFFICES: Chicago, III. Denver, Colo. Detroit, Mich. Los Angeles, Calif. New York, N. Y, Philadelphia, Pa. Pittsburgh, Pa. Portland, Ore. San Francisco, Calif, York, Pa. American Industrial Safety Equip. Co....................................94 3501 Lakeside Ave., Cleveland 14 Amerlcan-LaFrance-Foamite Corp. .215 100 E. LaFrance St.. Elmira, N. Y. BRANCH OFFICES: Boston 34, Mass,, 28 Brighton Ave. Chicago, III., 445 N. Lake Shore Drive Cleveland 14, Ohio, 109 St. Clair Ave., N.E. Detroit 4, Mich,, 8059 Grand River Ave, Houston 3, Texas, II N. Palmer St. Los Angeles 21, Calif., 733 E. 8th St. Long Island City I, N. Y., 32-20 38th Ave. Philadelphia 8, Pa,, *01 N, Broad St. Pittsburgh 12, Pa., 601 Suismon St. San Francisco 3, Calif., 24 12th St. American Optical Co. Southbridge, Mass. B.C. BRANCH OFFICES: Atlanta, Ga. Boston, Mass, Chicago, ill. Houston, Texas Kansas City, Mo, Memphis, Tenn. New York, N. Y. Philadelphia, Pa. St. Louis, Mo, San Francisco, Calif. Ampco Metal, Inc. .........................199 1745 S. 38th St., Milwaukee 4, Wis. DISTRIBUTORS Chicago, III., 2400 W, Madison St. Detroit, Mich,, 6540 Antoine St. Houston 3, Texas, 3715 Harrisburgh Blvd, Los Angeles 21, Calif., 1728 E. 7th St, New York, N. Y,, U S. William St. Pittsburgh 24, Pa., 5100 Liberty Ave. St. Louis 10, Mo., 3952 Clayton Ave. San Francisco, Calif., 25 Main St. Tulsa 4, Okla., 1850 E. 16th PI, Toronto, Canada Aitsul Chemical Co................. ..210-211 Fire Extinguisher Division Marinette. Wis. Pag# N BRANCH OFFICES and DISTRIBUTORS In all Principal Cities Associated Bag & Apron Co.............12 2650 W. Belden Ave., Chicago 47, II Award Incentives, Inc. .............. 30 200 Williams St., New York 38, N. 1 Bailey, William M. Co. .................. 20 1221 Banksville Rd., Pittsburgh 16, Pa. Bashlin, W. M. Co....................... ...151 Bashlln Bldg., Grove City 3, Pa. Bausch A Lomb Optical Co.___ 84-85 681 St. Paul St., Rochester 2. N. Y. BRANCH OFFICES: Boston, Mass. Chicago, III, Los Angeles, Calif. Montreal, Quebec New York, N. Y. Philadelphia, Pa, Richmond, Va. San Francisco, Calif. Toronto, Ontario Beaeon Falls Rubber Footwear ....142 Beacon Falls, Conn. BRANCH OFFICES: Chicago 54, III,, Rm. 350 Merchandise Mart Minneapolis, Minn,, 209 No. 4th St, New York 13, N. Y., 191 Hudson St. Bearfoot Sole Co., Inc.138-139 Wadsworth, Ohio BRANCH OFFICES: Boston, Mass., 183 Essex St. Milwaukee. Wts., 1225 Water St. St. Louis, Mo.f 1602 Locust St. Benson & Associates ........................79 P. O. Box 7542, Chicago 80, III. Bergman Safety-Spanner Co........... 206 927 Butler St., Toledo 5, Ohio Beryllium Corp. ............................ 194 Reading 14, Pa. BRANCH OFFICES: Houston 13, Tex., 320 Franklin St, Los Angeles, Calif., 5138 W, Jefferson Blvd. Newark 5, N. J., 149 Ferry St. New York 4, N. Y., 29-30 South St. St. Louis 8, Mo., 382? W. Pine Blvd. San Francisco 5, Calif. 40 Spear St, Shreveport, La., 100 Edwards St. Toronto 4, Ont.. Can., 500 MacPherson Ave, Tulsa 3, Okla., 505 McBirnev Bldg. * All Branch Offices are not listed -- write Manufacturer for complete list. National Safety News, March, 1954 315 DIRECTORY OF ADVERTISERS Pag* No. Bethlehem Steel Co........................... 170 Bethlehem, Pa. BRANCH OFFICES In all Principal CYies Blaw-Knox Co............................. .-- 16 Pittsburgh 22, Pa. BRANCH OFFICES: Birmingham, Ala., Brown Marx Bldq. Chicago, III., Peoples Gas Bldg, New York, N. Y., 342 Madison Ave. Philadelphia, Pa., Broad St. Station Bldg. Washington, D. C., Munsev Bldq, Bomgardner Mfg. Co. .................... 239 1384 Hird St., Cleveland 7, Ohio --c-- Pag* No. Cadet Laboratories .........................165 10 Clarence St., Worcester, Mass. Calumet Steel Castings Corp.......... 204 1646 Summer St,, Hammond, Ind. Canfield Oil Co....................................38 3216 E. 55th St., Cleveland 4, Ohio PLANTS: Coraopolis, Pa- ^ Jersey City, N. J. Memphis, Tenn Continental Can Ce. ?1<" 349 Oraton St., NewarkV. Nj' 77 `BRANCH OFFICES: ' '` Cleveland, Oh Franc|o. cilfjfP- Coppus Engineering Corp. 123 Park Ave., Worcest 51 *r 2. Mass. BRANCH OFFICES: Atlanta 3, Ga. Chicago 7, III. Detroit 4. Mich. Houston 2, Texas New York 17, N. Y lulsi> t, Okie. f Bone-Dry Shoe Mfg. Co. ................ 150 224 Washington, Neosho, Mo. Tacoma, Wash. Bowman, George H., Jr................. 96 657 E. State St., Salem, Ohio Bradley Washfountaln Co................. 57 2237 W. Michigan St., Milwaukee 1, WIs. Breck, John H., Inc.............................163 115 Dwight St., Springfield 3, Mass. BRANCH OFFICES: Chicago II, III., 540 N. Michigan Ave. New York 22, N. Y., 5 E. 57th St. Ottawa, Canada, 310 Slater St. San Francisco, Calif. Brossard, Lester L,, Co..................... 15 540 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago 11, III. Buhrke, R. H.. Co..............................158 1403 W. Congress St., Chicago 7, III. BRANCH OFFICES and DISTRIBUTORS: Buffalo 2, N. Y,, 40 W. Seneca Sf. Detroit 34, Mich., 19225 Conant Ave, Lo* Angeles IS, Calif., P.O. Box 1436, Del Valle Station Melrose 76, Mass., 130 W. Emerson St. New York 4, N. Y., II So. William St. Philadelphia 4, Pa., 214 S. 45th St. Pittsburgh 33, Pa.. 901 Pennsylvania Ave. St. Louis 3, Mo., 2608 Olive St. St. Paul 4, Minn., 1551 Selby San Francisco 7, Calif., 374 Brannan St, Bullard, E. D., Co........................... -.110 275 8th St., San Francisco 3, Calif. BRANCH OFFICES and DISTRIBUTORS: Buffalo, N. Y,, 1245 Niagara St. Chicago 39, III., 5115 W. Diversey Ave. Dallas I, Tex., 2656 Main St. Detroit, Mich., 19225 Conant Ave. Duluth 2, Minn., 324 W. Michigan Ave. El Paso, Texas, P.O. Box 1162 Knoxville, Tenn., 832 W. Main Ave. Los Angeles 3, Calif., 6719 S. Figueroa St. Philadelphia 33, Pa., 2820 N. 4th St. Pittsburgh 19, Pa., 425 Magee St. Chemical Specialties, Ine............... 164 54 Waltham Ave., Springfield, Mass. Chesebrough Mfg. Co., Inc. ___ 242 17 State St., New York 4. N. Y. Chic Maid Hat Mfg. Co., Ine..........125 630 High St., Buffalo 11, N. Y. Chicago Eye Shield Ce..................... 94-96-103-105-I.B.C. 2306 Warren Blvd., Chicago 12. III. BRANCH OFFICES and DISTRIBUTORS: Atlanta, Ga., 427'/, Moreland Ave., N. E. Birmingham, Ala., 4215 1st Ave, N. Buffalo, N. Y., 1443 Main St. Detroit, Mich., 19225 Conant Ave. E. Orange, N. JM 491 Prospect St. Houston, Tex.. 19I5A Westneimer Philadelphia, Pa., 2(4 S. 45th St. Pittsburgh, Pa.t 901 Pennsylvania Ave. St, Paul, Minn., 1551 Selby Ave. Spokane, Wash,, W3I4 Pacific Ave. Chicago Hardware Foundry Co. 71-78 North Chicago, III. BRANCH OFFICES and DISTRIBUTORS: Boston, Mass., 104 Hanover St. (Chicago) Glen Ellyn, II!., 501 Greenfield Cleveland, Ohio, 356 Rockefeller Bldg. Los Angeles. Calif., 727 W. 7th St. Milwaukee, Wis., 6052 Plankinfon New York, N. Y., 198 Third Ave. Philadelphia, Pa., 1701 Walnut St, Portland, Oreqon, 1238 N. W. Glisan Rochester, N. Y., HI Mt. Hope Ave. St. Louis, Mo,, 4908 Deimar Chicago Watchclock Ce.................225 1524 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago 5, III. Offices in Principal Cities Columbus McKinnon Chain Corp. -.175 160 Fremont St., Tonawanda, N. Y. BRANCH OFFICES: Chicago 16, 111., 2535 Indiana Ave, Cleveland IS, Ohio, 3030 Euclid Ave. New York 17. N. Y., 1716 Grand Central Terminal Bldg. Cotterman, I. D..................... 4535 N. Ravenswood Ave., Chicago 40, III. C-O-Two Fire Equipment Co.........219 560 Belmont Ave., Newark, N. J. BRANCH OFFICES: In Principal Cities Cover, H. S....................................... South Bend, Ind. Cunningham, M. E., Co............... ..19* 1025 Chateaa St., N.S. Pittsburgh 33, Pa. --D-- Davenport, A. C,, & Son, Inc.........252 311 N. Desplaines St., Chicago 6, III. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., inc............................... 240-241 55 Halleck St., Newark 4, N. J. BRANCH OFFICES: Buffalo 2, N. Y,, 49 W. Seneca Sf. Chicago 10, III., 1342 N. Sedgwick St. Houston 2, Texas, 1011 Bell Ave. Melrose 76, Mass., 130 W. Emerson St, Oakland 18, Calif., 5808 College Ave. San Francisco 3, Calif., 1246 Howard St. Dayton Safety Ladder Co.......... 49 2339 Gilbert Ave., Cincinnati 6, Ohio Detox Watchclock Corp. ........224 75 Varkk St., Now York, N. Y. SALES end SERVICES in all Principe C *s Diamond Match Co, . --.............*** 125 Peridon St.. Springfield. Mess. 0 pe D C J i t i All Branch Officeis are not listed -- write Manufacturer for complete list. DIRECTORY OF ADVERTISERS Page No, Dockson Corp.--------------------------- 99 3839 Wabash Ave., Detroit 8, Mich. Dolge, C. B., Co.................................69 Westport, Conn. Dow Corning Corp. .................... .151 Midland, Mich. BRANCH OFFICES; Atlanta, Ga., 1343 Spring St,. N.W. Chicago I, III., 228 N. LaSalle St, Cleveland 13, Ohio. 2215 Terminal Tower Dallas I, Texas, 2722 Taylor Sf. Detroit' 7, Mich., !900 E. Jefferson Ave, Los Angeles 15, Calif., 1514 S, Hope St. New York 20, N. Y,, 600 Fifth Ave. Washington, D. C. (Silver Sprinq, Md.J, 8561 Fenton St, Dri-Rite Co......................................... 27 100 W. Chicago Ave., Chicago 10, III. DuKane Corp..................... ............. 250 103 N. 11th St., St. Charles, III. Pag* No. Ellwood Safety Appliance Co. ...143 219 Sixth St., Ellwood City, Pa. Emerson, J. H,, Co.......................... 234 22 Cottage Park Ave., Cambridge 40, Mass. Employers Mutuals of Wassau___ 312 Wausau, WIs. `BRANCH OFFICES in all Principal Cities Federal Enterprises, Inc.................. 228 8725 S. State St,, Chicago 19, III. Fendail Company ..204 4631 N. Western Ave., Chicago 25, III. Page No. Gets-A-Lite Co...................................14 3865 N. Milwaukee Ave., Chicago 41, III. Gro-Cord Rubber Co. ...........135 807 N. Jackson St., Lima, Ohio --H-- Halperia, A. E., Co., Inc..................242 75-87 Northampton St., Boston 18, Mass. BRANCH OFFICE; Syracuse 3, N, Y,, 2208 E. Fayette St. Harrington & King Perforating Co. .203 5645 Fillmore St., Chicago 44, III. BRANCH OFFICE; New York 6, N, Y., 114 Liberty $t. Du Pent, E. I. de Nemours & Co., Inc............................... ........ 157-165 Wilmington, Del. BRANCH OFFICES In all Principal Cities Durable Mat Co.___________ _____ 25 75 N. Plaasant St., Norwalk, Ohio BRANCH OFFICE: 2926 16th Ave., S.W., Seattle 4, Wash. --E-- Fine Organics, Inc.______________ 67 211 E. 19th St., New York 3, N. Y. REPRESENTATIVES: Cleveland, Ohio, 2103 Sf, Clair Ave. Detroit 4, Mich., 12147 Manor Ave. Houston 2, Texas, P, O. Box 810 New Orleans 12, La., 227 S. Peters St. Oakland, Calif., 612 20 Sf. Pittsburgh 16, Pa,, 1426 Key Ave., Dormont Richland, Wash., 72 Whitten St, Sorinqfie!d 9, Mass., 64 Monmouth St. Finnell Systems, Inc. ............ 37 2203 East St., Elkhart, tnd. BRANCH OFFICES: In all Principal Cities, United States and Canada Haws Drinking Faucet Co. ....... 74 1439 Fourth St,, Berkeley 10, Calif. Hild Floor Machine Co..................... 34 740 W. Washington Bivd., Chicago 6, ill. BRANCH OFFICES: Atlanta I, Ga., 336-350 Marietta St. Dallas I, Texas, 147 Pittsburgh St. Denver, Colo., 1441-47 Market St. Detroit 2, Mich., 8855 Woodward Ave. Los Angeles 13, Calif., 4271 W, 3rd St. New Orleans 12, La,, 518 Julia St. New York 17, N. Y.. 250 E. 43rd St. Philadelphia 2, Pa., 1200 Commercial Trust Bldg. San Francisco, Calif., 777 Golden Gefe Ave. Seattle, Wash., 6700 17th Ave., So, Eagle Mfg. Co..................................228 Wellsburg, W. Va. DISTRIBUTORS: In Principal Cities Eagle-Picher Sales Ce......................26 American Bldg., Cincinnati, Ohio Eastern Metal of Elmira, Inc.__ .309 Elmira Heights 8, N. Y. Flor-Dry Ce........................................ 32 2318 Wycllff St., St. Paul 4, Minn. Frost Paint & Oil Co.........................28 Minneapolis 13, Minn. `DISTRIBUTORS: Atlanta 6, Ga. Philadelphia 4, Pa. . Dallas I. te*as Pittsburgh. Pa, Dayton 2. O'-o St. Louis 3, Mo. East Orange N. .1. San Francisco 5, Calif, Sa.t Lake City II, Utah Tc-or*o I, Ontario, Canada Edmont Mfg. Co......... .................. !-120 1205 Walnut St., Coshocton, Ohio --G-- Electronic Control Corp..................204 1573 E. Forest Ave., Detroit 7, Mich. Gamewell Co..................................... 222 Newton Upper Falls 64, Mass. Hillyard Chemical Co. .................... 39 St. Joseph 1, Me. BRANCH OFFICES: Jersey City 2, N. J.; 629 Grove 5t. San Francisco, Calif., 470 Alabama $t. Holcomb Safety Garment Ce..........124 118 N. Jefferson St., Chicago 6, III. Hood Rubber Ce. ...... ......... ........ 117 Watertown, Mass, Huntington Laboratories, ine..........32 Huntington, lnd. BRANCH OFFICE; Toronto, Canada * All Branch Offices are not listed -- write Manufacturer for complete fist. National Safety News, March, 1954 *>97 DIRECTORY OF ADVERTISERS Paqe No. Hygiene Research. Inc. ------------ 96-161 684 Broadway, New York 12, N. Y. Page No. Louisville 5, Ky., 1551 Bardsto^n Rd. Rockford, III,, 7(9 Buckbee Si, 5f, Louis 5, Mo., 6625 Delmar Si. Thiensville Wis,, Route 2 pg No, Klein, Mathtas & Sons ..................... . 3200 Belmont Ave., Chicago 18. |||. Hynson, Westcusr & Dunning. Inc. ..233 Charles & Chase Sts.. Baltimore, Md. BRANCH OFFICES: Chicago, III., 58 E. Washington St. New forlc, N, Y., 420 Lexington St, Hy-Test Div., International Shoe Co. 1509 Washington Ave., St. Louis 3. Mo......................146-147 BRANCH OFFICES'. Manchester N, H. New Yor*. N. Y,, 225 W. 34th St. Philadelphia 23, Pa. -I-- Industrial Gloves Co........... ............. 113 700 Garfield Blvd., Danville. III. BRANCH OFFICE: Detroit 3, Mich., 16035 Hamilton Ave, Industrial Products Co.................... 203 2820 N. 4th St., Philadelphia 33. Pa. Industrial Safety Belt Corp.---------158 51 Chatham St., Pittsburgh 19, Pa. iron Age Div., H. Childs & Co. .136-137 1205 Madison Ave., N. S., Pittsburgh 12, Pa. BRANCH OFFICES: B'rrninq1' im, Ala., i30 Elm St., Mountain Broo* Buffal- N. Y., 1391 Main St. Chicago, III., 12201 S, Michigan Ave. Detrc Mich,, 2203 Cass Ave. Houst. Tex., 6417 Tulip Lane Huntington, W. Va,, P, O. Box 195! Inglewood, Calif,, ,0314 Grevillea Ave. Seilersville, Pa., P. O. Box 246 Sauqus, Mass., 39 Stone St, Springfield, II!., 919 S, Eighth St. Jackson Products ............................ 97 31739 Mound Rd,, Warren, Mich. Jerico ____ _205 4744 W. Lake St., Chicago 44, III. DISTRIBUTORS: Kansas City 3, E. Mo., P. O. Box 7998 Moline, III., 2912 llth Ave. C. Johnson Ladder Shoe Co............... .. 50 311 Eau Claire St., Eau Claire, Wis. Jones. C. Walker, Co....................... 119 6135 N. Lambert St., E. Germantown, Philadelphia 38, Pa. BRANCH OFFICE: Warsaw, Ind. Joy Mfg. Co......................................19S Oliver Bldg., Pittsburgh 22, Pa. BRANCH OFFICE: Galt, Ontario, Canada Junkin Safety Appliance Co.................................. 192-198-232 101 So. Floyd St., Louisville, Ky. Justrite Mfg. Co.................................225 2061 N. Southport Ave., Chicago --K-- Kennedy-lngalls, V. E., Co. ,124 3735 No. 35th St., Milwaukee 16, Wis. Keystone View Co............................. 234 Meadviiie, Pa. Kidd*, Walter & Co., Inc. ............ 221 345 Main St., Belleville 9, N. J. BRANCH OFFICES: Atlanta, Ga. Detroit, Mich. Chicago, III. t Kansas City, Mo, Cleveland. Ohio Los Angeles, Calif. Dayton, Ohio Washington, D.C* Montreal, Canada Kimball Safety Products Co......... . 90 9310 Wade Park Ave., Cleveland 6 Kimberly-Clark Corp......................... 100 Neenah, Wisconsin Kinnear Mfg. Co.________227 1720 Fields Ave., Columbus 16, Ohio Offices end Agent in eil Principel Cities Knapp Bros. Shoe Mtg. Corp......... iS2 173 Spark St., Brockton 61, Mass. --L-- Laughlin, Thomas, Co....... .............173 33 Fort St., Portland 6, Maine Legge, Walter G., Co., Inc............. 31 101 Park Ave., New York 17, N. Y. BRANCH OFFICES: Boston 18, Mass., 202 Southampton St. Chicago I, 111., 360 N, Michigan Ave. Cleveland 14, Ohio, 606 Williamson Bldg Detroit 2, Mich., 65 W. Milwaukee Ave. Houston 2, Texas, 431 Kress Bldg, Los Angeies, Calif., 3944 Wilshire Slvd. Philadelphia 10, Pa., 820 Land Title Bldg. Pittsburgh 22, Pa,, 101 Investment Bldg. San Francisco II, Calif., 420 Market St. Washington 5, D. C., 411 Albee Bldg. Lehigh Safety Shoe Co.140-141 Allentown, Pa. BRANCH OFFICE: Emmaus, Pa., First and Minor Sts, St. Louis, Mo., 6 2th & Spruce Sts. Liberty Protective Leathers, Inc. ..117 Box 987, Gloversville, N. Y. Lichtman, JL, & Sons ...... ............... 121 241 Fretinghuysen Ave., Newark, N. J. Lightfoot Schultz Co......................... 69 380 Madison Ave., New York 17, N. Y. BRANCH OFFICES: Brooklyn, N. Y., 27Q Hick St. Chicago, III,, 209 S. State St. Cincinnati 24, Ohio, 2763 No. Bend Rd, Cleveland, Ohio, 1836 Euclid Ave, Detroit 4, Mich., 11700 Nardin Ave, Kirkwood 22, Mo., 306 N. Filmore Ave, Milwaukee 8, Wis., 5019 W. Galena Sr, Philadelphia, Pa., 6929 Sylvester St, Pittsburgh 17, Pa., 660*5 Ridgevlle St. Littell, F. J., Machine Co................. 202 4165 Ravenswood Ave., Chicago 13, III. Louisville Ladder Co.......................42 1101 W. Oak St., Louisville 10, Ky. * All Branch Offices are not listed -- write Manufacturer for complete list. 318 National Safntv News, March. I9S4 DIRECTORY OF ADVERTISERS Page No. Lowry Bros. ............ --........... --184 9340 S. Anthony Ave., Chicago 17, III. BRANCH OFFICES: Fairfield, Ala., 421? Gary Ave. Portland, Ore,, 1925 N.W. 22nd Ave, Vancouver, Wash. Luxo Lamp Corp. . Tuckahoe, N. Y. --M-- Pago No. Milburn Co. ......................................162 3245 E. Woodbrfdge, Detroit 7, Mich. DISTRIBUTORS; Boston, Mass., 26i franklin St, Brooklyn.. N, Y., 644 Pacific St. Chicago 10, III., 634 Orleans St, Cincinnati 2, Ohio, 29-31 W. 6th St, Cleveland, Ohio, 1990 E. 69th St, Los Angeles, Calif., SI30 Venice Blvd, Pittsburgh, Pa., 327 Water St, St, Louis, Mo., 1831 Franklin St. San Francisco, Calif., 489 8ryant St. Seattle I, Wash,, 115 Blanchard St. Miller Equipment Co......................... 156 13th & Eagle Sts., Franklin, Pa. --N-- Page No. National Foam System, Inc..............217 Westchester, Pa. BRANCH OFFICES: Beaumont, Tex., 1650 Brockman St, Buffalo 21, N. Y., l2Q Washington Hiqhway Cambridge 42, Mass,, 82 Broadway Chicago 9, III., 4648 S, Western Ave. Cleveland II, Ohio, M21I Lorain Ave. Detroit 26, Mich., 1437 Brooklyn Ave. Louisville, Ky., 300 E, Main St, Montreal I, Can., 477 Chamos de Mars St, New York 7, N, Y., 30 Church St. Pittsburgh 19, Pa., 904 Union Trust Bldg, Macwhyte Company ---------- ....V 2902 14th Ave., Kenosha, Wis. BRANCH OFFICES; Chicago 6, III., 228 S. Oes Plaines St. Fort Worth I, Texas, P.O. Box 60S Los Angeles 21, Calif., 2037 Sacramento St, Minneapolis 3, Minn,, 1213 Harmon Place W.Pittsburgh 19, Pa., 704 Second Ave. Portland 9, Ore., 1603 N. 14th Ave. San Francisco 7, Calif., 141 King St, Seattle 4, Wash., 87 Holgate St. McAn, Thom, Safety Shoe 01v. .144-145 25 W. 43rd St., New York 18. N. Y. BRANCH OFFICES; In Principal Cities DISTRIBUTOR: Toronto, Canada Miller Products Co., Inc............ ...12S 33 Warren St., New York 7. N. Y. Mine Safety Appliances Co. .I.F.C.-238 Pittsburgh, Pa. BRANCH OFFICES: Atlanta, Ga, Bluefield, West Va. Chicago 10, III. Cleveland 6, Ohio Detroit 3, Mich, Kansas City, Mo. Los Angeles 7, Calif. New York, N. Y. Philadelphia 3, Pa. Wash.Salt Lake City I, Utah Seattle 4, Tulsa 3, Okla. Newman Mfg. & Sates Co..............180 Box 5939, Kansas City 2, Mo. New York Belting & Packing Co. ..197 1 Market St,, Passaic, N. J. DISTRIBUTORS In Principal Cities. Nichols Engineering Co....................183 3816 W. Grand Ave., Chicago 51, III. DISTRIBUTORS: Minneapolis 15, Minn., 706 Portland Ave. Omaha 2, Nebr,, Jackson at 15th St, Pittsburgh 34, Pa., 241 Trotwood Drive McDonald. B. F., Co. ... 5721 W. 96th St., Los Angeles 45, Calif. BRANCH OFFICES: Houston 6. Texas, 3745 Greenbriar Drive San Francisco 3, Calif., 1255 Howard St. Medical Supply Co..................... 235-236 1027 W. State St., Roektord, 111. Mellfex -oducts Co. ------------------ V 41r S. Broadway, Akron I, Ohio BRANCH OFFICES: Fort Williams, Ontario, Canada, 205 N. May St, St, Louis I, Mo., 1123 Washington Ave, Washington, 0. C., Peoples Life Ins. Bldg. Merrill Brothers ..............................186 56-28 Arnold Ave., Maspeth. N. Y. Metal Arts Co., Inc......................... 310 742 Portland Ave., Rochester N. Y. Micro, Dlv, at MinneapolisHoneywell Regulator Co. ....191 11 W. Spring St., Freeport, Hi. DISTRIBUTORS m Principal Cities Miracle Adhesive Corp.--------------- 27 214 E. 53rd St., New York 22, N. Y. BRANCH OFFICES; Worth,Chicago, HI,, 1837 S. Michigan Ave. Lake Fla., 221 Lauriston Bldg. Los Angeles, Calif., 654 S. Anderson St. REPRESENTATIVES: In all Principal Cities and Canada Modern Machine Tool Co. ---------202 Jaekson, Mich. DISTRIBUTORS: Chicago, III., 565 W. Washington Blvd. Cleveland, Ohio, 1392 W. Third St. Detroit, Mich,, 149 E, Lamed St. Detroit, Mich., 1961 E. Milwaukee Duluth, Minn. Norfolk, Va. Pittsburgh, Pa., Frick Bldg. Pittsburgh, Pa,, Jenkins Arcade Bldq, Richmond, Va., 7th & Bainbridge Sts. St, Louts, Mo., 1229 N, Broadway Monsanto Chemical Co. .......... 64 17Q0 S. Second St., St. Louis 4, Mo. BRANCH OFFICES in Principal Cities. Morton Salt Co.-------------------------74 120 S. La Salle St., Chicago 3, III. branch offices in Principal Cities. O- Oil-Dri Corp. of America.............. 29 520 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago 11, III. Onox, Inc. ......................................... 70 121 2nd St., San Francisco 5, Calif. BRANCH OFFICES: Brooklyn 32, N. Y., Foot of 49th St. Cleveland 4, Ohio, 2654 Lisbon Rd. Hawthorne, Calif., 12912 Chadron Ave, New Orleans I, La., (18 N. Front St, Osborn Mfg. Co...............................196 Argonne Road, Warsaw, fna'. Oxy-Catalyst, Inc...........................55 Wayne, Pa. --P-- Pae-Kit Company ............................244 P. O. Box 1306, Greenwich, Conn. * All Branch Offices are not listed - write Manufacturer for complete list. National Safety News, Marth, 1954 319 DIRECTORY OF ADVERTISERS Pag* No. Packwood, G. H., Mfg. Co. ....... 61 1534 Tower Grove Ave., St* Louis 10, Mo. BRANCH OFFICES; Brooklyn 2, N. Y., 270 Hicks St. Buffalo, N. Y., 15 Shimerville Rd. Chicago 10, 111., 427 W. Erie St. Dallas 8, Texas, 1415 Plowman St. Detroit 4, Mich., 5188 Tuxedo Ave. Los Angeles 13, Calif., 923 E. 3rd St. Milwaukee 10, Wi*.t 3511 N. 37th St. Philadelphia 19, Pa., 2505 Cheltenham Ave. Pittsburgh 28, Pa., 205 8arth Ave. West Hartford 7, Conn., 69 S. Main St. Patent Scaffolding Co......................45 3821 12th St., Lang island City 1, N. Y. 8RANCH OFFICES: Atlanta, Ga., 38 Haynes St., N, W. Boston, Mass., 20 Howard St., Roxbury Chicago, HI., 1550 Dayton St. Cleveland, Ohio, 1516 Scoville Ave. Detroit, Mich., 9030 Lumpkin Ave. Los Angeles, Calif., 6931 Stanford Ave. Milwaukee 'Wis., 837 N. Broadway Philadelphia, Pa., 2835 Bridge St. Pittsburgh, Pa., 1254 Voskamp St. St. Louis, Mo., 6168 Bartmen Ave. San Francisco, Calif., 270 13th St. Pennsylvania Optical Co..................91 Reading, Pa. BRANCH OFFICES: Bedford, Mass., 19 Neillian Way Buffalo, N. Y., 285 Parker Ave. Los Angeles 27, Calif., 4237 Avocado St. Oak Park, Mien., 22150 Westhampton Ave. Parma 29, Ohio, 6318 Thornton Dr. Pittsburgh 16, Pa,, 245 Seaforth Ave. San Francisco 16, Calif., l7!2Traval St. Permamix Corp............ ..................... 25 155 W. Wacker Drive, Chicago 1, III. Petersen Engineering Co. Santa Clara, Calif. 174 Pioneer Rubber Co.............................122 637 Tiffin Rd., Willard, Ohio Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co................33 632 Duquesneway, Pittsburgh 22, Pa. BRANCH OFFICES: Atlanta, Ga. Boston. Mass. Brooklyn, N. Y. Chicago, III. Dallas, Texas Detroit, Mich. Milwaukee, Wis, Omaha, Nebr. Pittsburgh, Pa. St. Louis, Mo, Cleveland, Ohio Los Angeles, Calif. Montreal, Cue. P,4t No. N.San Francisco, Calif. Syracuse, Y. Toronto, Ont, Positive Safety Mfg. Co. _196 4403 Perhins Ave., Cleveland 3, Ohio Prairie State Products Co.............. 249 3822 Lawrence Ave., Chicago 25, III. Protectoseal Co......................... ....223 1928 S. Western Ave., Chicago 8. III. BRANCH OFFICES: Clevelend, Ohio Philadelphia, Pa. Detroit, Mich, Stratford, Conn. New York, N. Y, Washington, D. C. St. Paul, Minn. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. .107 644 Pacific St., Brooklyn 17, N. Y. BRANCH OFFICE: St. Louis, Mo.i 1007 Washington Ave. --R-- Ready Made Sign Co. ..........249 115 Worth St., New York, N. Y. Record Industrial Co..131 3301 Arch St., Philadelphia 4, Pa. BRANCH OFFICES: Atlanta, Ga., 914 Healey Bldg. Cedar Grove, N. J., i 10 Sunrise Terrace West Hartford, Conn., 29 Ballard Dr. Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co.___ 134 Columbas, Nebr. Rockwood Sprinkler Co....................213 72 Harlow St., Worcester 5, Mass. BRANCH OFFICES: Boston, Mass. Grand Rapids, Mich. Buffalo, N. Y. Los Angeles, Calif. Chicago, III. New York, N. Y. Cleveland, Ohio Pittsburgh, Pa. 5f. Louis, Mo. Montreal, P. Q., Canada Rose Mfg. Co........................... ......... 47 2700 W. Barberry PI., Denver, Cola. --S_ No, Safety Bex Toe Co. 812 Sfatler Office Bl"dg"'"`U*', Boston 16, Mass. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co ,,, 1990 E. 69th St.. Cleveland 3, Ohi, Safety First Supply Co........... 425 Magee St., Pittsburgh 19, ^ Charleston, W. Va,, 1594 Jackson St Clevelend Ohio, 42SI West 35th St' Toledo, Oltio, P. O. Box 226 Wheeling, W. Va., I Garland Ave, Safety Tower Ladder Co.............. P. O. Box 1052, Burbank, Calif. DISTRIBUTOR: Chicago, III., 5707 W. Lake St. Salisbury, W. H., & Co.............. . 401 N. Morgan St., Chicago, III, Sawyer, H. M., & Son, Co.............124 20 Thorndike St., Cambridge 41, Mass. BRANCH OFFICES: Chicago 10, III., 215 W. Ohio St. Detroit I, Mich., 59 Selden Ave. Birmingham 2, Ala., 27 S. 20th St. Los Angeles 31, Calif., 620Gibbons St. New York 17, N. Yn 18 E. 41st St. Philadelphia 6, Pa., 136 Chestnut Sf. Pittsburgh 22. Pa., 137Water Sf. Portland 1, Me., 42 Portland Pier Richmond 3, Va., 7th & Leigh Sts. Seattle 1, Wash., 1112 2nd Ave. Schrader's, A., Sen..........................193 452 Vanderbilt Ave., Brooklyn 17, N. Y. Scientific Industrial Supply Co. ..125 2958 South Vernon Ave. 17 E. 23rd St., Chicago 16, III. Scott Aviation Carp......................... 98 Lancaster, N. Y. DISTRIBUTORS In Principal Cities. $in< 8 SP* 2 i St St. St s 1 I j | , J j I Flax Carp. ________________ 185 672 Farmbigton Avenue, West Hartford, Conn. SALES OFFICES: Boston, Mass. Chicago, III. New York, N. Y, Philadelphia, Pa. Rubberhide Co., Inc..........................153 700 Whitehead Road, Trenton 4, N. J. Searjeant Metal Products, Inc. ..194 Mendon, N. Y. Ruemelin Mfg. Co..............................59 3885 N. Palmer St., Milwaukee, WIs. Sellstrom Mfg. Co. ................ ....... 101 622 N. Aberdeen Sf., Chicago 22, III. * All Branch Offices are not listed -- write Manufacturer for complete list. 320 National Safety News. March. 1954 DIRECTORY OF ADVERTISERS Pag* No. Singer Glove Mfg. Co.....................126 860 W. Weed St.. Chicago 22, III. Speedi-Dri Corp................................ 23 210 W. Washington Sq., Philadelphia 5, Pa. Standard Industrial Products Co. ..80 116 So. Garfield Ave., Peoria, 111. Standard Safety Equipment Co. ........................ 75-95-115-121-122-127 ..................................128-143-150-205 232 W. Ontario St., Chicago 10, III. BRANCH OFFICES: Cleveland 10, Ohio, 855 E. IB2nd St. Los Angeles 16, Calif., 2952 Crenshaw Blvd. Newark 4, N. J., 597 Broadway Standard Signs, Inc.310-311 3190 E. 65th St., Cleveland 4, Ohio Steel Scaffolding Company ....... 44 856 Humboldt St., Brooklyn 22, N. Y. Stonehouse Signs, Inc.248 842 Larimer St., Denver 4, Colo. Surty Mfg. Co................................... 192 4139 W. Kinxie St.. Chicago 24, III. Service in All Industrial Centers Swivelier Co., Inc. _.... 15 43-34th St., Brooklyn 32, N. Y. BRANCH OFFICE: New York 3, N. Y., 30 Irving PI. --T-- Taller & Cooper, Inc. .........................56 85 Front Sf,, Brooklyn, N. Y. Tamms Industries, Inc..........................25 228 N. La Salle St., Chicago 1. III. Taylor, Halsey W., Co......................71 Warren, Ohio * Taylor, S. G., Chain Co.................... 182 Dept. 7, Hammond, Ind. BRANCH OFFICES: Berkeley, Calif., 2644 Dwight Way Denver, Colo., 1217 California St. Houston, Texas, P, O. Box 2136 Pag* No. Jacksonville, Florida, P. O. Box 4346 Pittsburgh, Pa., 3505 Smallman St. Portland, Oregon, 1310 S.W. Adler St. Tennant, G. H,, Co................... ..... 41 2550 North Second St., Minneapolis 11, Minn. Thompson Electric Co. 13 1199 Power Ave., Cleveland 14, Ohio Tower, A. J., Co..............................128 24 Simmons St., Boston 20, Mass. DISTRIBUTORS: Dallas, Tex., 506 S. Fitzhugh Ave. New York, N. Y,, 66 Worth St. St. Louis, Mo., 317 N. Ilth St, San Francisco, Calif., 45 Ecker St. Trumbull Mig. Co..............................200 Warren, Ohio --U-- Union Wire Rope Corp. _168-169 2224 Manchester Ave., Kansas City 3, Mo. 8RANCH OFFICES: Ashland, Ky. Atlanta, Ga. Chicago, III. Houston, Texas Monahans, Texas New Orleans, La. Portland, Ore. Salt Lake City, Utah Tulsa, Okla. U, S. Safety Service Co.86-87 1215 McGee St., Kansas City 6. Mo. BRANCH OFFICES: Boston LittleBirmingham, Ala., 1727 Sixth Ave., N, 16, Mass., 751 Bldg. Chicago 4, III., 175 W. Jackson 8lvd,, Rm. 1030 Cleveland, Ohio, 14812 Detroit Ave. Detroit, Mich., 15831 Jas. Couzens Hwy. Houston, Texas, 3822 Almeda St, Los Angeles, Calif., 4508 Crenshaw Bivd. New York 10, N. Y,, 160 Fifth Ave., Rm. 710 Philadelphia. Pa., 1123 Western Saving Fund Bldg. Pittsburgh, Pa., 101 Investment Bldg. --V-- Vacuum Can Company__________ 79 19 South Hoyne Ave., Chicago 12, III. Vestal, Inc.......................................... 66 4963 Manchester Ave., St. Louis, Mo. *^--W" Pag* No. Wachs, E. H., Co............................. 200 1525 N. Dayton St., Chicago 22. III. Watchemoket Optical Co., Inc. 83-92-93 234 W. Exchange St,, Providence 3, R. I. BRANCH OFFICE: Chicago 2, III., 29 E. Madison St. Welsh Mfg. Co................................ 88-89 9 Magnolia St., Providence 9, R. I. West Disinfecting Co.........................63 42-16 West St., Long Island City 1, N. Y. BRANCH OFFICES: Birmingham 5, Ala., 1209 1st Ave., S. Cambridge 38, Mass., 49 Fawcett St, Chicago 32, III., 4742-64 So. Kedzi'e Ave. Cleveland II, Ohio, 3140-3150 Berea Rd. Dallas 9, Texas, 5416 Maple Ave. Los Angeles 58, Calif., 2110-16 E, 37th St. Philadelphia 43. Pa., 49th 6 Grays Ave. St. Louis 3, Mo., 3411 Gratiot St. San Francisco 3, Calif., 921 Bryant St. Seattle I, Wash,, 2924 Western Ave. Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc. ..116 224 W. Huron St., Chicago 10, III. DISTRIBUTORS in all Principal Cities Wiesman Mfg. Co.______________ 206 31 S. St. Clair St., Dayton 2, Ohio Wilkins Co., Inc..................................114 248 Groton Ave., Cortland 1, N. Y. Williams Jewelry & Mfg. Co............. 252 10 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago 3, III. Willson Products, Inc........................109 205 Washington St., Reading, Pa. BRANCH OFFICES and DISTRIBUTORS: Baltimore, Md., 3501 8rehr-s i.3-Buffalo, N. Y,, 1245 Niagara S. Chicago, III., 634 Orleans St Cleveland. Ohio, 4251 W, 35"- $. Detroit, Mich,, 149 E, La^-aa i* New York, N, Y,, II S. W. `in Philadelphia, Pa., 2820 N. Pittsburgh, Pa., 425 Maa*San Francisco, Calif., 2?S ?** c* Toronto, Canada, Hermi-* - - j Wyandotte Chemicals Corp............. 30 Wyandotte, Mich. REPRESENTATIVES: In . * All Branch Offices are not listed -- write Manufacturer for complete list. National Safety Newt, March, 1954 321 Classified Section Pag* No. A Abrasives American Abrasive Metals Co. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co. Abrasive Floor Plate, Steel Alan Wood Steel Co,................ 17 Absorbent, Oil and Grease Canfield Oil Co. ............. 38 Dri-Rife Co.......... ........................... 27 aqle*Picher Co......................... ..... 26 Finnell System, Inc, Flor-Dry Co. .............................. 32 Industrial Products Co. Legge, Walter G., Co., Inc. O.l-uri Corp. of America......... 2? Safety Clothing & Eauip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Speedi-Dri Corp. ....................... 23 Surty Mfg. Co. Tarrm$ Industries, Inc. ............ 25 Wyandotte Chemicals Corp...... 30 Accident Prevention Service National Safety Council.......253-304 Alarms, Air Raid Pag* No. Federal Enterprises, Inc............. 228 Alarms, Carbon Monoxide McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Alarmsi Combustible Gas Bullard, E. D.( Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety First Supply Co. U, S. Safety Service Co. Alarms, Fire C-O-Two Fire Equip. Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Federal Enterprises, inc...~.___ 228 Gamewell Co........ ..........................222 Safety First Supply Co. Anemometers Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety First Supply Co. Willson Products, Inc. Peg* No. Chicago Eye Shield Co, Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Industrial Gloves Co. Industrial Produces Co. Kermedv-lngails, V, E., Co.........124 Kimball Safety Products Co. McDonald, B. F,, Co. Milburn Co. Miller Products Co., Inc_____ 125 Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pioneer Rubber Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothinq & Equipment Co. Ill Safety First Supply Co. Sawyer, H. M,, & Son Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. .......... _..... ............ ...............115 Tower, A. J., Co. U. S. Safety Service Co. West Disinfecting Co. Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc. Arresters, Flame Protectoseal Co. Artificial Respirator Trainer 8ullard, E. D., Co. McDonald, 8. F,, Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety First Supply Co. Pa9 No, Miller Equipment Co...,,, Mine Safety Appliances Co".... 56 Safety Clothing & Equip. C0 Safety First Supply Co. Salisbury, W. H,, & Co.. ^ Bags, Linemen's Tool Bashlin, W. M,, Co......... Buhrke, R, H., Co..... Bullard, E. D., Co. ....... -156 -158 Davis Emergency Eauip, Co. Industrial Products Co. ` Inc. Klein, Mathias. & Sons McDonald, B. F., Co. Miller Equipment Co,,M..... <56 Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing & Eauip. Co, Safety First Supply Co. Salisbury, W. H., & Co..,, 159 Bandages, First Aid Aloe, A. S., Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Halperin, A. E., Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F.t Co. Medical Supply Co............. 235-236 Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. U. S. Safety Service Co. i Acid Handling Utensils Athlete's Foot Retardant Barrel Lifters industrial Products Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Adhesive Plaster Anti-Fogging Compounds for Gaggles Acme Protection Equip. Co. Allen Optical Co. ............ .......... 103 Bullard, E. D., Co. Dolge, C. B,, Co. .... .................. 69 Hillyard Chemical Co. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. P., Co. Industrial Products Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. American Optical Co. Milburn Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. ....................................... 240-241 Bausch & Lomb Optical Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Onox, inc. ______ _________ 70 Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. West Disinfecting Co. Barrel and Drum Movers Halperin, A. E., Co,, Inc. Industrial Products Co, McDonald, B. F,, Co, Fendall Co. Hygiene Research, Inc------96 Industrial Products Co. Industrial Products Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Medical Supply Co, ........... 235-236 Mine Safety Appliances Co. Kimball Safety Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Awards, Prize Standard Safety Equipment Co, Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. I Air Blast Valves Milburn Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co, Safety First Supply Co. Wilkins Co., Inc. ......___ -.............114 Willson Products, Inc. Award Incentives ......... ........ --..... 309 Halperin, A. E., Co., Inc. Metal Arts Co., Inc. National Safety Council.............303 Williams Jewelry & Mfg. Co....252 Barrel Stands industrial Products Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Littell, F. J,, Machine Co-,,.....202 Safety First Supply Co. Schrader's, A., Son Air Ejectors Littell, F, J,, Machine CoTM....202 Schrader's, A., Son...__ ______ .....193 Air Pilfers Bullard, E. D,, Co, Coppus Engineering CortH....... 58 Davis Emergency Eauip. Co., Inc. McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety First Supply Co. Schrader's, A., Son Air Pollution Control Qxy-Catalyst, Inc___ _________..... 55 Antiseptics Aloe, A, S., Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Chesebrough Mfg. Co. ____ ~.,,242 Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Halperin, A. E., Co.. Inc. Hynson, Wescott 8c Dunning, inc. ......... ......... .. ...........................233 McDonald, 8. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothinq & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. U. S. Safety Service Co. Aprons Advance Glove Mfg. Co. American Optical Co. Associated Bag & Apron Co.... 126 Bowman, George H., Jr............96 Buhrke, R. H., Co. Bullard, . D., Co. B Badges and Buttons Award Incentives ........................309 Metal Arts Co., Inc.................... 310 National Safety Council....,.,......304 Williams Jewelry & Mfg. Co.....252 Bags, Linemen's Glove Bashlin, W. M., Co,._.TM....,,......156 Buhrke, R. H-, Co....................... 158 8ullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Industrial Gloves Co. Industrial Products Co, Klein, Mathias, & Sons McDonald, B, F,f Co. Belt Dressing Davit Emergency Equip. Co. inc. Halperin, A. E.t Co., Inc. Klein, Mathias, & Sons Safety First Supply Co. Beit Shifters Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety First Supply Co. Surty Mfg. Co. Belt Shock Absorbers Miller Equipment Co., inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co, 1 Numbers indicate pages on which the Product is described or illustrated in this Issue Please mention National Safety News when writing any of thesa companies. Classified Section Pag* No. Pose Mfg. Co. Safety Clothing & Eauip, Co. Safety First Supply Co. Belts, Linemen's Bashlin, W. M,, Co..........__..........156 Buhrke, R. H,, Co........................ 158 Bullard, E, D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. Klein, Mathias, & Sons............... 160 McDonald, B. F., Co. Miller Equipment Co., Inc......156 Mine Safety Appliances Co, Pulmosan Safety Eauip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Belts. Safety Bashlin, W. M,, Co...................... 156 Buhrke, R. H., Co...............--,,-l58 Bullard, E. D.t Co, Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. industrial Safety Belt Co,........... 158 Klein, Mathias, & Sons......_....... '60 McDonald, B. F.f Co. Miller Equipment CoM Inc......!56 Mine Safety Appliances Co.-.I.F.C. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Rose Mfg, Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co, Blankets. Fireproofed American Optical Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Halperin, A. E.f Co., Inc. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Industrial Gloves Co. Industrial Products Co. Kimball Safety Products Co, McDonald, B, F,, Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc. Blankets, Linemen's Rubber Bullard. E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Eouip. Co., lrc. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F,, Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Salisbury. W. H,, & Co....... -...159 Blankets, Wool Safety Bullard, E, Dv Co. Industrial Gloves Co. Industrial Products 8o Junktn Safety Appliance Co., Inc, Blast Furnace Equip. " Bailey, Wm. M., Co................... 201 Blocks, Truck Wheel Calumet Steel Castings Coro...2CM Page No. Blockersi Min* Car Industrial Products Co.............--203 Mire Safety Appliances Co. Safetv First Supply Co....... -...... 198 Blockers, Railroad Car Industrial Products Co, .......203 Safety Clothing & Eauip. Co. Safety First Supply Co.......... ,....198 Blowers. Hoso Mask Acme Protection Equip. Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B, F., Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. U. S. Safety Service Co. Blowers, Portable, Electric Coppus Engineering Corp........ 58 Hlld Floor Machine Co. Safety First Supply Co. Blowers, Ventilating Coppus Engineering Corp.... ..... 58 Mine Safety Appliances Co. Ruemelin Mfg. Co. Boards, Changeable Letter Davenport,, A. C., & Son, lnc...252 Industrial Products Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co, Safety First Supply Co. Books on Safety National Safety Council, Inc.......... .... .............. .... 253 to 308 Boots, Linemen's Bashlin, W. M., Co.......~...........156 Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Boots, Rubber American-LaFrance-Foamite Coro. Beacon Falls Rubber Footwear..l42 Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., inc. Industrial Products Co. lehlqh Safety Shoe Co., Inc...._I40 McDonald, B. F., Co. MHIer Products Co., Inc.......... 125 Mine Safety Appliances Co, Record Industrial Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co, Safety First Supply Co. Scientific Industrial Supply Co. Page No. Boots, Wooden Sole Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Bottio Carrier Benson & Associates............... . industrial Products Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. 79 Breathing Apparatus, Air Supplied American Optical Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency uquip. Co., Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety First Supply Co. Scott Aviation Corp... ................ 98 Buckets, Hoisting Bashlin, W. M., Co,..,..-............. 156 Buhrke, R, H., Co.................... .... 158 Industrial Products Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Buckets, Rubber Miller Products Co., Inc, Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Bulletin Boards Bullard, E. D., Co. Davenport, A. C., & Son, Inc...252 Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. Fv, Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co. National Safety Council___ 2&i 283 Pulmosan Safety Eauip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co, Burners, Gas Coppus Engineering Corp. C Cabinets, Towel West Disinfecting Co. Cable, Wire American Chain & Cable Co...J76 Bethlehem Steel Co., Inc.........170 Macwhyte Company .......... i8l Union Wire Rope Corp,.......166-169 Coble Clamps Bethlehem Steel Co., Inc....... .. 170 Laughlin, Thomas, Co. Newman Mfg. & Sale* Co....... -.180 Cable Connector Page No Jackson Products Mine Safety Appliances Co. Cable Tester Mine Safety Appliances Co, Cons, Safety Bullard, E. 0,, Co. Dayton Safety Ladder Co Eagle Mfg Co. 728 Industrial Products Co, Justrite M*g. Co, ................ 225 McDonald, B. F,, Co, Miller Products Co., inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Protectoseal Co......... 223 Pulmosan Safety Eouid. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equ pment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety equipment Co U, $, Sa*ety Service Co, Canvas, Fireproofed Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supoly Co. Whee'er Protective Apparel. Inc, Caps for Women American Optical Co Bullard, E, D.. Co, Chic Maid Hat Mfg. Co., Inc...125 Halperin, A. 6,. Co., Inc, industrial Products Co. Kennedy-lngalls, V, Co. :24 McDonald, B, F.( Co. Milburn Company Safety Clothing 8r Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co....................................... ... ;28 Car, Hoppsr Closer Industrial Products Co. Safety Clothing & Eauipment Co, Safety First Supply Co, Standard Safety Equipment Co. Trumbull Mfg. Co.................. --.200 Car Door Opener Industrial Products Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. CorD. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Carboy Drainer Industrial Products Co, Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. !07 Safety Clothing & Equipment Co, Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Eouipment Co, Carboys, Plastic Plax Corp.....................................J85 Numbers indicate pages on which the Product is described or illustrated in this Issue Please mention National Safety News when writing any of these companies. National Safety Newt, March, 1954 323 Classified Section 1 Page No. Carboy Tilter Industrial Products Co. Pulmosan Safety au<p, Corp.... 107 Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Carboy Truck Industrial Products Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp.,,J07 Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Carrier. Bottle Benson & Associates,TM_____ 79 Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Carriers, Drum and Barrel Industrial Products Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Carriers, Food Vacuum Can Co,-------------------_ 79 Carriers for Cylinders Industrie! Products Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Chain Columbus-McKinnon Chain Corp. .................................... 175 Taylor, S. G., Chain Co__ ,__ J82 Chains, Magnet Taylor, S, G., Chain Co............182 Chains, Sling American Chain & Cable Co. Columbus-McKinnon Chain Corp................................ ................ 175 Taylor, S. G., Chain Co...............182 Chairs, Safety, Boatswain Buhrke, R. H., Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Chisel Grip Bullard, S. 0., Co. Rose Mfg. Co. Chocks, Wheel Calumet Steel Castings Corp.,.204 Clomps, Rail Page No. 6ullard, E. D,, Co. industrial Products Co.............. .203 Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co...... .,...,...158 Standard Safety Equipment Co. Clamps, Sockets and Eyebolts Laughlin, Thomas Co..--.--~--.178 Macwhyte Co......... ....................181 Merrill Brothers ----- ---------------185 Newman Mfg. & Sales Co-..... 180 Cleaners, Vacuum Industrial Finnell System, Inc. ......... . 43 Hild Floor Machine Co..... --34 Hillyard Chemical Co. Cleaning Compounds or Solvents Dolge, C. B., Co. Fine Orqanics, lnc._.--- 57 Finnell System, Inc-- 37 Hild Floor Machine Co. Hillyard Chemical Co....... 39 Huntington Laboratories, Inc. Leqge, Walter G., Co., Inc. Packwood, G. H., Mfg. Co--. 61 Vestal, Inc. West Disinfecting Co..--....--~ 53 Wyandotte Chemicals Corp. Cleaning Machines, Floor Finnell System, Inc....... ........ .-- 37 Hild Floor Machine Co......--.... 34 Hillyard Chemical Co. Legge, Walter G,, Co., Inc. Tennant, G. H., Co.......... ........ - 41 Vestal, Inc. West Pisinfecttng Co. Cleaning Hums, Goggle Bullard, E. D., Co. Dow Coming Corp--- --------- ---15! Halperin. A. E., Co., Inc. industrial Products Co. Kimberly-Clark Corp. --...100 Wilkins Co., Inc.------- -----,...114 Climbers for Linemen 8ashlin, W. H., Co.---------(56 Industrial Products Co. Klein, Mathias, & Sons.........,150 Miller Equipment Co., Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip, Corp. Safety Clothing 8t Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Clothing, Acid Proof American Optical Co. Associated Bag $t Apron Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Page No. Industrial Gloves Co. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, 8. F., Co. MUburn Co. Miller Products Co., Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp, Record Industrial Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Sawyer, H. M., & Son Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. ... ..... ....... ......__________ ___115 Tower, A. J.. Co. U, S. Safety Service Co. West Disinfecting Co. Clofhing, Fireproofed Advance Glove Mfg. Co. American Industrial Safety Equip. Co. American-laFrance-Foamite Corp. American Optical Co. Associated Bag & Apron Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., inc. Holcomb Safety Garment Co, industrial Gloves Co. Industrial Products Co. Kimball Safety Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Milburn Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Record Industrial Co. , Safety Clothing & Equipment Co, ..... ............................11 Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. If. S. Safety Service Co. Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc. Clothing, Industrial American Optical Co. Associated Bag & Apron Co. Industrial Gloves Co,.--.-.,..-.113 Industrial Products Co. Milburn Co. Miller Products Co., Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Co. Record Industrial Co. Safety First Supply Co. Safety Clothing 8t Equip. Co. Sawyer, H. M., & Son Co--------.126 tower, A. J., Co. Clothing, Linemen11* American Optical Co. Industrial Gloves Co. Industrial Products Co. Miller Products Co., Inc. Record Industrial Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co, Safety First Supply Co. Salisbury, W. H., Mfg. Co..,...J59 tower, A. J., Co. Clothing, Frotoetlv# Advance Glove Mfg. Co. American Industrial Safety Equipment Co. American Optical Co. Associated 8ag & Apron Co. Bullard, E. D., Co.Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Industrial Gloves Co-------113 Industrial Products Co. Kimball Safety Products Co. Pag* No, McDonald, B. F., Co,,......-- Milburn Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Record industrial Co. F.C. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. ____________________ Safety First Supply Co. Sawyer, H. M., & Son Co Sellstrom Mfg. Co. _ -Ill --126 Standard Safety Equipment Co. Tower, A. 4., Co. .115 U. S. Safety Service Co. West Oisinfecting Co. Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc. Clothing, Rubber Bullard, E. D., Co. Miller Products Co., Inc..... Mine Safety Appliances Co. -125 Pulmosan Safety Equip, Corp. Record Industrial Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Sawyer, H. M.t & Son Co,.... ,125 Tower, A. J., Co....--....-..... .128 Clothing, Weatherproof American-laFrance-Foamite Corp, American Optical Co. Associated Bag & Apron Co, Bashlin, W. N., Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. industrial Gloves Co. industrial Products Co. Kimball Safety Products Co. Miller Products Co., Inc.^ Mine Safety Appliances Co. Record Industrial Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Sawyer, H. M., & Son, Co,..,...(26 Standard Safety Equipment Co, Tower, A. J., Co,--128 Clothing for Women Workers American. Optical Co. Associated Bag & Apron Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Industrial Gloves Co. Industrial Products Co. Kennedy-lngalls, V, E,,, Co........ 124 Kimball Safety Products Co. McDonald, 8. F., Co. Milburn Company Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Tower, A, J., Co. Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc. Collectors, Dust Aerotec Corporation ....--.... Hild Floor Machine Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Reumelin Mfg, Co. # Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co, Surty Mfg. Co. 59 Collectors, Fume Mine Safety Appliances Co. Ruemelin Mfg. Co..................... .. 59 Safety First Supply Co. | i i j s J I i , , ' Numbers indicate pages on which the Product is described or illustrated in this Issue Please mention National Safety News when writing any of these companies 324 National Safety Newt, March, 1954 Classifled Section Page No. Connectors, Electrical Joey Manufacturing Co..............195 Connecting Links Laughlin, Thomas, Co. Containers, Explosive Liquid Bullard, E. 0., Co. Industrial Products Co. Justrite Mfg. Co,--,----,225 Protectoseal Co. -------------- 223 Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. U. S. Safety Service Co. Cots Bomgardner Mfg. Co................-239 Cover Lens American Industrial Safety Equipment Co. --.94 American Optical Co. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co.... - D..n___ s c r, r*_ Chicago Eye Shield Co. Dockson Corp. Fendall Co. Industrial Products Co. Jackson Products Co. Kimball Safety Products Co, McDonald. B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pennsylvania Optical Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. U, S. Safety Service Co. Watchemoket Optical Co..... .... 83 Welsh Mfg. Co. Willson Products, Inc. Cover Lifter McDonald, B. F., Co. Covers. Self-Closing Protectoseal Co. Curtains, Fireproofed Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Industrial Gloves Co. Industrial Products Co. Kimball Safety Products Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co, ___________________________ 127 U. S, Safety Service Co. Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc, Curtains, Welder's Advance Glove Mfg. Co. American Optical Co, Bullard. E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Page No. Industrial Gloves Co. Industrial Products Co. Kimball Safety Products Co. fjafety Clothing & Eauip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co_____ --,___________________ 127 U. S. Safety Service Co. Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc. D Deek Platforms Albina Engine & Machine Works ................*2 Deodorizing Appliances West Disinfecting Co. Defectors, Carbon Monoxide Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. McDonald. B. F,f Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co.J.F.C. Taller & Cooper, Inc. .................. 56 U. S. Safety Service Co.-..... 86 Detectors, Fire American-LaFrance-Foamite Corp. C-O-Two Fire Equip. Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Detectors, Got Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. McDonald, 6. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co.J.F.C. Safety First Supply Co. U. S. Safety Service Co. Disinfectants and Deodorants Dolge, C. B., Co. HMIyard Chemical Co. Huntington Laboratories, Inc. Onox, Inc.......... ... .......... ................ 70 Vestal, Inc, West Disinfecting Co. Wyandotte Chemicals Corp. Dispensary Equipment Aloe, A. S., Co. _______ ,,,_243 Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Halperin. A. E.t Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliance! Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Dispensers, Goggle Cleaning Allen Optical Co. .,--.,103 Bullard, E, D., Co. Dow Corning Corp. ............--151 Halperin, A. E., Co., Inc. Page No. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Wilkins Co., The,,.................... .... 114 Dispensers, Salt iaolet Ace Manufacturing Co............... 70 Bullard, E. D,, Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Dockson Corp. Halperin, A. E,( Co., inc. industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Medical Supply Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Morton Salt Co,.--........ ...... .... 74 Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equip. Co.... - 75 U. S. Safety Service Co,,.._...... 86 Dispensers, Sanitary Napkins Halperin, A. E., Co., Inc. West Disinfecting Co. Dispensers, Soap Dolge. C. B., Co. Ftnneli System, Inc. Hillyard Chemical Co. Lightfoot Schultz Co.,,,__ _69 Mine Safety Appliances Co. Packwood, G. H., Mfg. Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. West Disinfecting Co. Dockboards Alan Wood Steel Co. Doors, Fire & Serviee Kinnear, Mfg. Co.--.....-........ 227 Drill Table, Safety Modern Machine Tool Co..,,,..,,202 Drinking Cups, Paper Continental Can Co. ________ ... 77 Medical Supply Co, Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Drinking Fountains Bradley Washfountain Co. Haws Drinking Faucet Co.......... 74 Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Taylor, Halsey W,t Co.--..........- 71 Drinking Fountains, Portable Bullard, E. D., Co, Industrial Products Co. Safety Clothino & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co, Page No. Driver Training Materials National Safety Council.....301-302 Drum Fittings Merrill Brothers -- ___ ,..,TMI86 Protectoseal Co. Dryers, Face & Hand Electric Chicago Hardware Foundry Co. ................-............ .............78 Dryers, Electric, Safety Equipment Chicago Hardware Foundry Co................ ....... -___ _ 78 Dust Arresters Hild Floor Machine Co. Ruemelin Mfg. Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Dust Collectors Aerotec Corporation... ...... ....... ^59 Hijd Floor Machine Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Ruemelin Mfg. Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Surty Mfg. Co. Dust Control Systems Aerotec Corporation .............-- 59 Dust Counter Bausch & Lomb Optical Co. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Willson Products, inc. Dust Hoods American Industrial Safety Equip. Co. American Optical Co, Bullard, E. D.. Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co.____I.8.C. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Dockson Corp. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Industrial Products Co. Jackson Products McDonald, B. F,t Co. Milburn Company Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co, Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc. Willson Products, Inc. Dust Suction Equipment Ruemelin Mfg. Co. Numbers indicate pages on which the Product is described or illustrated in this Issue P/ease mention National Safety Nawt when writing any of thasa companies. National Safety Newt, March, 1954 325 Classified Section Pag* No. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Dusters, Rock Mine Safety Aor'iances Co. E Ear Stopples Oavis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc, Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. P,, Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Scientific Industrial Supply Co. Ejeetors, Air Utteil, F. JM Machine Co........202 Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Schrader's, A., Son ................... 193 Electrode Holders Dockson Carp. Industrial Products Co. Jackson Products Kimball Safety Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Emblems, Safety Award Incentives ..........--___,.~.3Q9 Metal Arts Co., Inc. National Safety Council.........,,...303 Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Standard Signs, Inc. Williams Jewelry & Mfg. Co... .252 Explosives Carrier Mine Safety Appliances Co. Exterminator, Rodent Dolqe, C. B.t Co. West Disinfecting Co. Eye Shades, Non-Flammable American Industrial Safety Equip. Co. American Optical Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equip. CoT, Inc. Dockson Corp. Industrial Products Co. Jackson products t Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Sellstrom Mfg. Co. U. S. Safety Se .ice Co. Willson Products, Inc, Page No. Eye Shields American Industrial Safety Equip, Co......................... -.......... 94 American Optical Co. Bausch & lomb Optical Co. Bullard, E. D,, Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co.* Inc. Dockson Corp, Fendall Co. Haiperin, A. E., Co., inc, industrial Products Co. Jackson Products .............. ........... 97 McDonald, B. F,, Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Sellstrom Mfg. Co. Standard Safety Equip. Co. U. S. Safety Service Co..... . 86 Watchemoket Optical Co......92-93 Willson Products, Inc. Eye Washing Fountain Benson & Associates ..........--.... 79 Haws Drinking Faucet Co.......... 74 Industrial Products Co. Safety First Supply Co. Eyesight Surveys American Optical Co. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co. Keystone View Co. Kimball Safety Products Co. F Face Shields American Industrial Safety Equipment Co. American Optical Co. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co........ I.B.C. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Dayton Safety Ladder Dockson Corp. Fendall Co. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. industrial Products Co, Jackson Products McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co-I.F.C. Pennsylvania Optical4Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co, ........----------------- --------------- Ill Safety First Supply Co. Sellstrom Mfg. Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co, 95 U. S. Safety Service Co............ 86 Watchemoket Optical Co., Inc. Welsh Mfg. Co..... ..... .................. 88 Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc, Willson Products, Inc. Fans, Exhaust Coopus Engineering Corp.......... 58 Mine Safety Appliances Co. Surty Mfg. Co., Inc. Fans. Ventilating Coppus Engineering Corp.......... 58 Mine Safety Appliances Co. Page No. Faucets, Self-Closing Protectoseal Co. Feeders, Punch Press Litteil, F. J., Machine Co........202 Osborn Mfg, Co...... ........ ............ 196 Fillers, Gasoline Eagle Mfg. Co. Films or Slides, Safety American Optical Co. National Safety Council _________ __ _260 to 271--286 to 293 Filters, Air Device Bullard, E. D., Co. Chicago Eve Shield Co. Coppus Engineering Corp. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety First Supply Co. Willson Products, Inc. Fire Alarms C-O-Two Fire Equip. Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Federal Enterprises, Inc. Gameweil Co. .................. ........... 222 Safety First Supply Co, Fire Detectors American-LaFrance-Foamite Corp. C-O-Two Fire Equip. Co. Fire Doors Kinnear Mfg. Co........................... 227 Fire Extinguishers Ace Fire Equip. Co. American Industrial Safety Equip. Co. American-LaFrance-Foamite Corp............ ........ .........,,,,,,........... 215 AnsuS Chemical Co.,...........-210-211 C-O-Two Fire Equip. Co.,,...___ 219 Dayton Safety Ladder Co. Justrite Mfg. Co. Kidde, Walter, Sr Co., Inc. National Foam System, Inc. Protectoseal Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Fire Extinguisher Recharges and Equipment Ace Fire Equip. Co. American-LaFrance-Foamite Corp. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co, No. Fir* Extinguisher Seals Ace Fire Equip. Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co Safety First Supply Co. Fire Extinguishing Foam Ace Fire Equipment Co. American-LaFrance-Foamite Corp National Foam System, Inc....^21*7 Rockwood Sprinkler Co,___ Safety First Supply Co. Fire Extinguishing Systems American-LaFrance-Foamite Corp. Ansuf Chemical Co............... ,,...2i| C-O-Two Fire Equip, Co....... 710 Kidde, Walter, & Co., Inc. Fire Foam Generators American-LaFrance-Foamite Corp. National^ Foam System, Inc. Safety First Supply Co. Fire Hose Ace Fire Equip. Co. American-LaFrance-Foamite Corp. Dayton Safety Ladder Co. Melflex Products Co. Miller Products Co., Inc. Pulmosan Safety Equip, Corp. Safety First Supply Co. Fire Pumps Safety First Supply Co. Fire Sirens Federal Enterprises, Inc____ ,...228 Fire Trucks American-LaFrance-Foamite Corp, Ansul Chemical Co...___ 211 C-O-Two Fire Equip. Co. Fire Trucks, Mine Mine Safety Appliances Co. First Aid Cabinets Aloe, A. S., Co...................... 243 Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co.t Inc. ......................... 240 Haiperin, A. E,, Co., inc. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, 8, F., Co. Medical Supply Co. ......... 236 Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing It Equipment Co, Safety First Supply Co. Surty Mfg. Co., Inc. U, S. Safety Service Co. First Aid Kits Aloe, A, $., Co.... ........... .......... ...243 Numbers indicate pages on which the Product is described or illustrated in this Issue Flease mention National Safety News when writing any of these companies. 32S National Safety Newt, March, 1954 Classified Section Page No. Pag* No. American LaFrance-Poamlte Corp. Bullard. E. D.. Co. Davis Emergency Eau*p, Co.. lnC..................... _...................240-241 Haloer'n, A. E., Co.. Inc. industrial Products Co. McDonald. B. F., Co. Medical Suoply Co..............235-236 M'ne Safety Appliances Co ............................ I.F.C.--238 Pac-Kit Co.................... .2*4 Safety Clothinq & Eauipment Co. Safety First Supolv Co. Sellst^om Mfg. Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Surty Mfq. Co.. Inc. U. S. Safety Service Co. First Aid Materials Aloe, A, S., Co..........................243 Bullard, E. D.. Co, Chesebrough Mfq. Co.----...... _242 Dav-s Emergency Equip. Co.. Inc. ................ _....................240-241 Haloerin, A E., Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. McDonald. B. F., Co. Medical Supply Co..... ....... 235-236 Mine Safety Appliances Co. ___ ______ ________ ___ .J.F.C. 238 Pac-Kit Co.......... -.... ._...............--244 Pulmosan Safety Eauio. Corp. Safety Clothinq & Eauipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Surty Mfg. Co. U, S. Safety Service Co, Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Suoply Co. Flashlight Batteries industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Flashlights, Permissible Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co.( Inc. Industrial Products Co. McDonald. B, F,, Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing & Eauip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Floodlights, Emergeney American-LaFrance-Foamite Corp. Bullard, E. D., Co,. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Floor Cleaning Machines, Electric First Aid Room Equipment Aloe, A. $,, Co......................... 243 Bomgardner Mtq. Co................. 239 Bullard E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Eauio. Co.. Inc. Halperin, A. E., Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co, McDonald, 8. F,. Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothinq & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Surty Mfg, Co. First Aid Trainer Finnell System, Inc.............. 37 Hild Floor Machine Co--..--........ 34 Hiltyard Chemical Co. Huntington Laboratories, Inc, Leqge, Walter G., Co., Inc. Tennant, G. H., Co........................41 Vestal. Inc. West Disinfecting Co. Floor Coating, Conductive, Non-Slip Hild Floor Machine Co. Legge, Walter G., Co., Inc. Bullard, E. D.t Co. McDonald, B. P,, Co^. Safety First Supply Co. Flags, Danger Buhrke, R. H., Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Eastern Metal of Elmira, Inc,.,..309 Industrial Products Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Stonehouse Signs, Inc. Floor Finishing Compounds Dolge, C. 8., Co. DuPont, E. I. DeNemours & Co.. Inc. Finnei. System, Inc..................... Hild r.oor Machine Co. H 'lyard Chemical Co.............. Huntington Laboratories, Inc. Legge, Walter G., Co., Inc... Miracle Adhesive Corp............ Tennant, G. H., Co................ Vestal, Inc. West Disinfecting Co....,,........ Wyandotte Chemicals Corp. 37 39 31 27 41 63 Flags, Safety Award Incentives 4 Eastern Metal of Elmira, Inc, industrial Products Co. National Safety Council.............297 Safety Clothing Sr Equipment Co, Safety First Supply Co. Floor Plate, Abrasive Alan Wood Steel Co............ (7 American Abrasive Metals Co, 24 Floor Plate, Steel Alan Wood Steel Co......... >7 Flashlights Industrial Products Co. Justrite Mfg, Co,..........................225 Flooring Materials, Safety Alan Wood Steel Co,. ... ? Pag* No. American Abrasive Metals Co. 24 Industrial Products Co. Legge, Walter G., Co., Inc. Masury-Young Co. Melflex Products Co. Miller Products Co., Inc, Miracle Adhesives Corp........... 27 Permamlx Corp.............................. 25 Safety Clothing & Eauip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Surly Mfg, Co. Fluorescent Tube Disposal Standard Safety Equipment Co. Fog-Nozzle 8law-Knox Co, Safety First Supply Co. Food Carriers Vacuum Can Co............................. 79 Foot Guards Bullard, E. D., Co, Ellwood Safety Appliance Co. 143 Industrial Gloves Co. Industrial Products Co. Kimball Safety Products Co. McDonald, B. F,, Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothinq 8c Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equip. Co......143 Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc. Foot Mots, Disinfecting Onox, Inc. ..................... .......... ...... 70 Fume Collectors Mine Safety Appliances Co. Ruemelin Mfg. Co....................... 59 Safety First Supply Co. Fumigants Dolge, C. B.( Co. Hlllyard Sales Co. West Disinfecting Co. Fungicides Dolge, C. B., Co. Hlllyard Chemical Co. Onox, Inc........................................ 70 West Disinfecting Co. Fuse Pullers industrial Products Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co, Safety First Supply Co. Pag* No. G Gage Glasses Dockson Corp. Satefy Clothing & Equip. Co. Seitstrom Mfg. Co. Gages, Hydraulic Schrader's, A., Son Germicides Dolge, C. B., Co. Hlllyard Chemical Co. Huntington Laboratories, Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. West Disinfecting Co. Willson Products, Inc. Wyandotte Chemicals Corp. Glass, Safety Fendall Co, Industrial Products Co. Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Glass, Welding Plates and Lenses American Industrial Safety Equip. Co. American Optical Co. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Dockson Corp. Fendall Co. Industrial Products Co. Jackson Products Kimball Safety Products Co. McDonald, B. F,, Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pennsylvania Optical Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co, Sellstrom Mfq. Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co, U. S. Safety Service Co. Watchemoket Optical Co......... 83 Welsh Mfg. Co. Willson Products, Inc. Gloves and Miffens Advance Glove Mfg. Co............. 128 American Industrial Safety Equip. Co. American Optical Co. Bullard, E. D.( Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co,, Inc. Dayton Safety Ladder Co, Edmont Mfg. Co.............. .120 Halperin, A. E., Co., Inc, Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Industrial Gloves Co.................... |i3 Industrial Products Co. Jones, C. Walker Co.................. 119 Kimball Safety Products Co, McDonald, B. F,, Co. Milburn Co. Miller Equipment Co., Inc. Mtller Products Co., Inc, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp...107 Record Industrial Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. .............................................. 111 Numbers indicate pages on which the Product is described or illustrated in this Issue Pleas* mention National Safety News when writing any of these companies. National Safety News, Marth, 1954 327 1 Classified Section Pag* No. Page No. Page No. P*W No. Safety First Supply Co. Scientific Industrial Supply Co. American Optical Co. Dow Corning Corp....... ...............151 Guards, Foot and Toe Guards, Rentable Lamp ! Singer Glove Mfg, Co.......^ ...126 Standard Safety Equipment Co. U. $. Safety Service Co. Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc. Haloerin, A, E., Co., Inc. Hypiene Research, Inc, ........ -- 96 Kimberly-Clark Corp. ...... .......... 100 Mine Safety Appliances Co. Bullard, E. D.. Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Eiiwood Safety Appliances Co. ................ .. ........ ..... .............143 Industrial Products Co Surty Mfgv Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Industrial Gloves Co. Gu B E 5 I Gloves, Linemen's Protector Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Wilkins Co., The...........................114 Industrial Products Co. Kimball Safetv Products Co. McDonald, B. R, Co. Guards, Lathe f * f Mine Safety Appliances Co. Bullard, E. D,, Co. American Optical Co. 8ashlin{ W. M., Co. Butlard. E. D., Co. Oavis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Goggle Cleaning Dispensers Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equip, Co. Safety First Supply Co, Standard Safety Equipment Harnngton & King Perforating .203 Industrial Gloves Co. Industrial Products Co. Miller Products Co., Inc. Mne Safety Appliances Co. Record Industrial Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Salisbury, W. H,, & Co., Inc.... 159 Allen Optical Co........--.....103 American Optical Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Dow Corning Corp.................... 151 Halperin, A. E., Co., Inc, McDonald, B, R, Co. Mine Safetv Appliances Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co, Co................. ...............--..............143 Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc. Guards, Glass Gage Industrial Products Co, Safetv Clothing & Equip. Co. iurty Mfg. Co. Guards, Planer Bullard, E. D,, Co. Industrial Products Co Pulmosan Safety Equip'. Corp, G Gloves, Rubber or Synthetic Advance Glove Mfg. Co. Wilkins Co., The.....--............ -..114 Guards, Gear Safety Clothing & Equip, Co Safety First Supply Co. Surty Mfg. Co!, Inc. American Industrial Safety Equip. Co. American Optical Co. Bullard, E. 0., Co. Oavis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Dayton Safety Ladder Co. Edmont Mfg. Co. .......................120 Halperin, A. E., Co., Inc. Hood Rubber Co. --_______ 117 Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Milburn Company Miller Products Co., Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pioneer Rubber Co.___ -___122 Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Record Industrial Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Salisbury, W. H., & Co., Inc....159 Scientific Industrial Supply Co..................... .......... ....... .............125 Standard Safety Equip. Co. U. S. Safety Service Co. Goggle Valves Bailey, Wm. M.( Co,,TM___..-.,...201 Gongs, Sirens, Horns and Other Signaling Devices Bullard, E. D., Co. Federal Enterprises, Inc............218 Safety First Supply Co. Gratings, Safety Alan Wood Steel Co. American Abrasive Metals Co, Blaw-Knox Co................................. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safetv First Supply Co. 16 Harrington & King Perforating Co. ................. -........................... 203 Industrial Products Co. Pulmosan Safetv Equip. Corp. Safety First Supply Co. Surty Mfg. Co. Guards, Grinding Wheel Bullard, E. D., Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Fendall Co. Industrial Products Co. Junkin Safety Appliance Co., Inc. --------.... ............. ......... 198 Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing St Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co, Surty Mfg. Co., Inc. Guards, Platen Press Bullard, E. D., Co, Safety Ciothlnq & Equip. Co. Surty Mfg* Co. Guards, Power Press Electronic Control Corp,,, 204 Harrington & King Perforating Co. ...... --203 Junkin Safety Appliance Co.,.,1.192 Lifted, F. J., Machine Co.,.,... 202 Micro ............ ....... .......... --19| Positive Safety Mfg. Co....... ,..A% Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Schrader's, A., Son............ 193 Standard Safety Equipment Co. Surty Mfg. Co, k Goggles Guard Materials Guards, Guide Pin Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Wiesman Mfg, Co...................... 206 American Industrial Safety Equip. Co. ................... ..... 94 American Optical Co--........ B.C. Sausch & Lomb Optical Co.... 84 Bullard, E. D., Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. 94-1.B.C. Cover, H. S..--,,...,.,....106 Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Dayton Safety Ladder Co. Dockson Corp. Fendall Co. Halperin, A. 6., Co., Inc, Industrial Products Co. Jackson Products ..... ........ 97 Kimball Safety Products Co__. 90 Harrington & King Perforating Co. ........... .............----,....203 Safety First Supply Co. Guards, Belt Harrington & King Perforating Co. ................................. .............. 203 Wiesman Mfg. Co............ ,,......,,,206 Guards, Jointer Bullard,, E. D., Co. Industrial Products Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Surty Mfg. Co., Inc. Guards, Power Shear Bullard, E. 0,, Co. Harrington & King Perforating Co........ ....... _.............. ...................203 Pulmosan Safety Equip. Coro. Safetv Clothing St Equip. Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Surty Mfg. Co., Inc. Guards, Saw McDonald, 8. F,, Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pennsylvania Optical Co............ 91 Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. 107 Safetv Clothing & Equip. Co, Safety First Supply Co. Sellstrom Mfg. Co. Standard Safetv Equipment Co, U. S. Safety Service Co.,......... 86 Watchemoket Optical Co. ............. 83-92-93 Welsh Mfg. Co...... ....... 88-89 Willson Products, Inc. Guards, Chip and Spark Chicago Eye Shield Co. Fendall Co. Industrial Products Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co, Standard Safety Equipment Co. Guards. Kick Press Bullard, E. D., Co. Harrington & King Perforating Co. ...................--.... .......... ..... -203 Industrial Products Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Schrader's, A., Son Standard Safetv Equipment Co. Surty Mfg. Co., Inc. Bullard, E. D., Co. Industrial Products Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Surty Mfg. Co., Inc. Guards, Shaper Goggle Cleaner Acme Protection Equip Co. Allen Optical Co.,................ ~.JQ3 Guards for Edged Tools Buhrke, R. H., Co____ ..-..,.-- 158 Bullard, E. D., Co, Industrial Products Co. Safety First Supply Co. Guards, Milling Machine Searjeant Metal Products, Inc..............................--........... --.,194 Bullard, E. D., Co. Industrial Products Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp, Safety Clothing St Equip. Co. Safetv First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Surty Mfg. Co., Inc. Numbers indicate pages on which the Product is described or illustrated in this issue Pleat* mention National Safety New, when writing any of thnte companies. 328 National Safety Newt, Marth, 1954 Classified Section Guards, Shin Page No. Bullard. E. D.. Co. Elfwood Safety Appliance Co. Industrial Gioves Co. Industrial Products Co. Kimball Safety Products Co. M`ne Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Eauip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Wheeler Protective Apparel. Inc. Guards, Wire Safety First Supply Co. H Hair Guards Bullard, E. D.( Co. Chic Maid Hat Mfg. Co., Inc......................... ....... ............... -125 Industrial Products Co. Kennedy-lngalls, V. E., Co.....--124 McDonald, B. F., Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. ___________ _____ ,,_-TMl28 Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc. Hand Cream, Protective Breck, John H,, Inc,---------------- 163 8ullard. E. D., Co, Cadet Laboratories .............. 165 Davis Emerqencv Equip. Co.. Inc, Doige, C. B., Co. DuPont Company ..................... -- 165 Chemical Specialties. Inc......... 164 Haiperin, A. E., Co., Inc. Hygiene Research, Inc....... .........161 industrial Products Co, McDonald, B. F,, Co. Medical Supply Co. Milburn Co........... ----....---------162 Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. West Disinfecting Co. Hand Guards American Optical Co. Associated Bag & Apron Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emerqencv Equip. Co., Inc. Industrial Gloves Co. Industrial Products Co. Kimball Safety Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Record Industrial Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc. Handlings Buhrke, R. H,, Co.......................158 Hand Pumps Protectoseai Co. Page No. Hangers, Lamp Lowering Thompson Electric Co. ...........- 13 Harness, Industrial Safety Acme Protection Equip. Co. Buhrke, R. H., Co.......................158 Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. Kiein, Mathias & Sons McDonald, 8. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Rose Mfg. Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co, Hat Liner Standard Safety Equipment ^ Hats and Caps, Safety Bullard, E. D., Co....... 10 Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc, Dockson Corp. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Industrial Products Co. Kimball Safety Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Milburn Company Miller Products Co,, Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co.J.F.C. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. U. S. Safety Service Co--...... 86 Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc. Willson Products. Inc...------- ----109 Heating Pads Haiperin, A. E.( Co., Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Helmets, Firemen's American-LaFrance-Foamite Corp. Bullard, E. D., Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Helmets, Sandblast American Optical Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Industrial Gloves Co. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F.t Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Ruemelin Mfg. Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co.... Ill Page No. Safety First Supply Co. Seilstrom Mfg. Co, Standard Safety Equipment Co. Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc. Willson Products, Inc. Helmets, Welding American industrial Safety Equip. Co. American Optical Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Chicago Eve Shield Co.... ,,J.B.C, Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Dockson Corp. ............ 99 Fendail Co. Industrial Products Co. Jackson Products .......... ,....... 97 Kimball Safety Products Co, McDonald, B. F., Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pennsylvania Optical Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. 107 Safety Clothing & Equipment Co- Safety First Supply Co. Seilstrom Mfg. Co.....____ -.... ,,)0! Standard Safety Equipment Co. U. S. Safety Service Co...,,......... 86 Welsh Mfg. Co............................. 89 Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc. Willson Products, Inc. Hoisting Buckets Bashlin, W. M,, Co................. 156 Buhrke, R. H., Co._________ ___ 158 Industrial Products Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Hoists, Chain Cohimbus-McKinnon Chain Corp. Wright Hoist Div,, American Chain & Cable Co________...I77 Hoods, Aeid American Optical Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co, Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc, Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. P., Co. Milburn Company Miller Products Co., Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Seilstrom Mfg. Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Hoods, Enameler's Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co, Hoods, Insulator Safety First Supply Co. Salisbury, W. H., & Co., Inc.,.,.159 Hooks, Hoisting American Chain & Cable Co. Page No. Bullard, E. D., Co. Industrial Products Co. Laughlin, Thomas, Co. .............178 Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Hooks, Safety Belt Buhrke, R. H.t Co........... ...........158 Dayton Safety Ladder Co, Industrial Products Co. Miller Safety Equipment Co., Inc. ---- -------------------------(56 Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Rose Mfg. Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Hose, Steam New York Belting & Packing Co. _____. ......... .......... 197 Hospital Equipment, Industrial Aloe, A. S., Co...........................243 Haiperin, A. E., Co.. Inc. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing & Eauipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Hydrogen Analyzer Taller & Cooper, Inc............... .. 56 I Identification Equipment Awards Incentives Williams Jewelry & Mfg. Co. Incllnators, Carboy Industrial Products Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Indicators, Carbon Monoxide Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. McDonald, B. F., gCo. Mine Safety Appliances Co.J.F.C. U. S. Safety Service Co.____ ... 86 Indicators, Flammable Vapors Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. McDonald, B. P., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety First Supply Co. U. S. Safety Service Co. Numbers indicate pages on which the Product is described or illustrated in this Issue Please mention National Safety Newt when writing any of thete companies. National Safety News, March, 1954 329 "*r Classified Section Pag* No. Pag* No. Pag* No. Pag. No. Indicators, Gas Melflex Products Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Lamps, Explosion Proof L*RtepellePnrrerVer' Wot" I ( i Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc, McDonald, 8. F., Co. M'ne Safety Appliances Co. Safety First Supply Co, U, S. Safety Service Co. Patent Scaffoldinq Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Rose Mfg. Co................................ 47 Safety Clothing & Eauipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Surty Mfg. Co., I nc. Bullard, E. D., Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Surty Mfg. Co., Inc, Dow Corning Corp........ .. U, S, Safety Service Co. Indicators, Oxygen Deficiency Ladders, Aluminum Lamps, Extension industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Bullard, E. D., Co. McDonald, B, F,, Co. Louisville Ladder Co..... .............. 42 Mine Safety Appliances Co. 5 Co.Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Lamps, Miners' American Optical Co. Bullard. , 0,, Co. Industrial Gloves C0 Industrial Products Co. Liberty Protective Leathers I nC. *...................... j Uchtman. j., 4 Sons...........i Mine Safety Appliances'c'o...... Record Industrial Co. fnfialafors Ladders, Rolling McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co Safety First Supply Co. Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc. American Industrial Safety Equip. Co. Bullard, E. D.t Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc, Emerson, J, H.( Co........... ........ 234 McDonald, B, F.t Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co.J.F.C. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing 4 Eauipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Scott Aviation Corp. Co.Cotterman, 1. D.......SO Louisville Ladder Patent Scaffoldinq Co............. 45 Safety Clothing 4 Equipment Co. Ladders, Safety Lamps, Portable Electric Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety First Supply Co. Lamps, Safety Leggings /v.sva"ic v^iove Mfg. Lo American Optical Co. Associated Bag 4 Apron Co Bullard, E. D., Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co,, Inc insecticides Dolge, C. B., Co. Finnell System^ Inc. Hillyard Chemical Co. West Disinfecting Co. American Abrasive Metals Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Dayton Safety Ladder Co.,,,___ 49 Louisville Ladder Co.,..................42 Patent Scaffoldinq Co....,,........ 45 Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Rose Mfg. Co,.......... ................... 47 Co.Safety Clothing 4 Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Holcomb Safetv Garment Co Industrial Gloves Co i, industrial Products Co. ........... Kimball Safety Products Co McDonald, B. F,, Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp Record Industrial Co. Safety Clothing 4 Equipment Co Safety First Supolv Co. Lanterns, Carbide Sawyer, H. M., & Son Co, Sellstrom Mfg. Co, fnsoles Bullard, E. D,, Co. Ladders, Tower Safety Safety Tower Ladder Co.......... 50 Justrite Mfg. Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. fa"daM Safety Equipment Co. U, S. Safety Service Co. Wheeler Protective Apparel hr McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Rubberhide Co., inc..........._...... 153 Safety Clothing 4 Equipment Co. Lamp Guards Lanterns, Eleetrle Lens Cleaner Insulator Stools Salisbury, W. H.t Co., Inc......... 159 Insurance Employers Mutuals of Wausau ................................... 312 Gefs-A-Life Co................................ 14 industrial Products Co. Sellstrom Mfg. Co. Lamp Hangers Thompson Electric Co.. 13 Lamp Shock Absorbers Americen-LaFrance-Foamite Corp. Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. Justrite Mfg. Co. ______ ______ 225 McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Lanyards Acme Protection Equip. Co. Allen Optical Co. ...... ............103 American Optical Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Dow Corning Corp. ..... ........_...,,I5I Halperin, A. E.( Co., Inc, Hillyard Chemical Co. Hygiene Research, Inc. ........ 76 Industrial Products Co. Kimberly Clark Corp. ..............COO Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Wilkins Co.t The ................ 114 L Labels, Adhesive Safety First Supply Co. * Ladder Shoes or Feet American Abrasive Metals Co. American Optical Co'. Bullard, E. D,( Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co.. Inc, Dayton Safety Ladder Co........ 49 Industrial Products Co. Johnson Ladder Shoe Co. .. 50 Thompson Electric Co. Lamps, Adjustable Luxo Lamp Corp....... ................... 14 Swivelier Co., Inc....... -..... ......... 15 Lamps, Eleetrle Bullard, . D., Co, Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc Justrite Mfg. Co, ................ ......225 McDonald, B. P., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pyle*Natronal Co, Safety Clothing 4 Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Surty Mfg. Co,, Inc. Buhrlce, R. H., Co, .................. _I58 Leathers. Hand American Optical Co. Buhrke, R, H., Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Industrial Gloves Co, ............. .113 Indus! '( Products Co, Kimball Safety Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Record Industrial Co. Safety Clothing 4 Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. U S. Safety Service Co, Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc. Lens, Industrial American Industrial Safety Equip. Co. American Optical Co. Bausch 4 Lomb Optical Co....85 Bullard, E. D., Co, Chicago Eye Shield Co, Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc, Oockson Corp. Fendall Co, industrial Products Co. Kimball Safety Products Co. McDonald, B. F,, Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Pennsylvania Optical. Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Coro. Safety Clothing 4 Eauipment Co, Safety First Supply Co. Sellstrom Mfg. Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co, U. S. Safety Service Co......... Numbers indicate pages on which the Product is described or illustrated in this Issue Ploaso mention National Safety News when writing any of thoso companies. L< Classified Section Pag* No. Wafeh<?moket Optical Co......83-93 Welsh Mfg, Co. Willson Products, Inc Lens, Inspection American Optical Co, Bausch & lomb Optical Co. Industrial Products Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. $afety First Supply Co. Surty Mfg. Co., Inc. Lens, Prescription American Industrial Safety Equip. Co. American Optical Co. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co. Chicaqo Eye Shield Co. FendaM Co. Industrial Products Co. Kimball Safety Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip, Corp, Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. U. S, Safety Service Co, Willson Products, Inc. Utters, Vacuum Bullard, E. D,, Co. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Safety Clothinq & Equipment Co. Safety First SuppSy Co. Surty Mfg. Co., Inc. Lighting Equipment, Industrial Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Surty Mfg. Co., Inc, Sniveller Co., Inc......... --___ 15 Lighting, Outdoor Thompson Electric Co, ........... 13 Lighting Units, Portable Safety First Supply Co. Sniveller Co., Inc, Lights, Emergency Vehicle Federal Enterprises, Inc. Sniveller Co., Inc, Lights, Warning Federal Enterprises, Inc. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Line Hose Salisbury, W. H,t & Co.._____ 159 Pag* No. Linemen's Rubber Protective Devices Bullard, E. D.t Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co,, Inc, Industrial Products Co, McDonald, B. F.. Co Miller Products Co., Inc. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothinq & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Salisbury, W. H., & Co. !59 Linemen's Tools Bashlin, W. M., Co.......... ........156 Industrial Products Co. Klein, Mathias, & Sons............160 Safety First Supply Co. Load Binders Laughlin, Thomas, Co.................. 178 Lockers and Hangers for Clothing Safety Clothing Sc Equipment Co, Safety First Supply Co. M Magnifiers American Optical Co. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co. Industrial Products Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Surty Mfg. Co., Inc....................192 Markers. Traffic Line Eastern Metal of Elmira, Inc, Industrial Products Co. Miracle Adhesive Corp. Safety First Supply Co. Stonehouse Signs, Inc. Masks, Abrasive Blasting American Optical Co. Bullard, E. D-. Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co, Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc, Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp, Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Willson Products, Inc. Masks, Acid Gas Acme Protection Equip. Co.... 105 Bullard, E. D., Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc, Industrial Products Co, McDonald, 8. F,, Co. Pag* No. Mine Safety Appliances Co.J.F.C, Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Scott Aviation Corp. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Willson Products, Inc. Mask, All-Service Acme Protection Equip. Co, American Industrial Safety Equip. Co, American-LaFrance-Foamife Corp. Bullard, E. D., Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co, Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Dockson Corp. Industrial Products Co, McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. J.F.C. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothinq & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Willson Products, Inc. Masks, Ammonia Gas Acme Protection Equip. Co...... 105 American Industrial Safety Equip Co. American-La-Fronce-Foamite CorD. Bullard, E. D., Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc, Dayton Safety Ladder Co. Industrial Products Co, McDonald, B. F.( Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co.J.F.C. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing St Equipment Co. Safety Firsts Supply Co. Scott Aviation Corp.^ Standard Safety Equipment Co. Willson Products, Inc. Masks, Babbitting American Optical Co, Bullard, E. D.. Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Ir.c. Fendall Co. Industrial Products Co, McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. J.F.C, Pulmosan Safety Equip. Coro. Safety Clothing Sc Equipment Cc. Safety First Supply Co. Willson Products, Inc. Maski, Carbon Monoxide Acme Protection Equip. Co. American-La-France-Foamite Corp, Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp, Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Scott Aviation Corp. Willson Products, Inc. Masks, Hose (Fresh Air) Acme Protection Equip. Co. Bullard, E. D., Co, Chicago Eye Shield Co, Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. P*g No. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Masks, Hose (Supplied Air) Acme Protection Equip. Co. American Optical Co. Bullard, E. D.. Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co, Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Scott Aviation Corp.,.,.............. 98 Standard Safety Equipment Co. Willson Products, Inc. Masks, Organic Vapor Acme Protection Equip. Co. American Optical Co. Bullard, E. D., CoChicago Eve Shield Co. Cover, H, S. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc, Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F,, Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Eauip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety Firsf^ Supply Co. Scott Aviation Corp. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Willson Products, Inc, Matches, Safety Diamond Match Co..................... 3M Materials Handling Deviees Merrill Brothers ............................(86 Safety First Supply Co. Matting, Floor and Stair Melflex Products Co.................... 35 Miller Products Co., Inc. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Mats, Standing Durable Mat Co........................ 25 Industrial Products Co, Melflex Products Co................. 35 Miller Products Co., Inc, Safety Clothinq & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Surty Mfg. Co., Inc. Mats, Switchboard Industrial Products Co. Melflex Products Co. Safety Clothinq & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Salisbury, W. H,, & Co..............159 Numbers indicate pages on which the Product is described or illustrated in this Issue P/east mention National Safety News when writing any of these companies. T37 Classified Section Pag* No. Mauls, Wood Safety First Supply Co. Mechanical Stirrup, Circular Albine Engine & Machine Works .... Metal, Expanded American Abrasive Metals Co. Safety First Supply Co. Metal, Peforated for Guards Harrington & King Perforating Co. ..... -.-..203 Safety First Supply Co. Mirrors, Plant Traffic Brossard, Lester L,, Co.... -....... - 15 Mobil* First Aid Equipment Bomgardner Mfg. Co........--23? Movers, Railway Car Industrial Products Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. N Nets, Rope Safety Safety First Supply Co. o Oil Cans, Long Handle Industrial Products Co. Oilers, Precision Eagle Mfg. Co. Oxygen Breathing Apparatus Bullard E. D,, Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. McDonald, 8. F., Co. Page No. Mine Safety Appliances Co--I.F.C. Safety First Supply Co. Oxygen Recorders Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. McDonald, B. F.f Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Oxygen Therapy Apparatus Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Firsf Supply Co. Scott Aviation Corp. P Pacs, Miners* Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Miller Products Co,, lnev Mine Safety Appliances Co. Record Industrial Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. U. S. Rubber Co. Pads, Knee Bufirke, R. H., Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc, Industrial Gloves Co. Industrial Products Co. ' Kimball Safety Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Eauip. Corp. Safety Clothing St Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co, Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc. Point DuPont, E. I. DeNemours & Co., Inc. Miracle Adhesives Corp. Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co......-- 33 Tennant, G. H., Co. Paint, Abrasive Resurfacing American Abrasive Metals Co. Frost Paint & Oil Co..._____28 Legqe, Walter G,, Co., Inc. Miracle Adhesives Corp..............27 Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Tennant, G. H., Co. U S, Safety Service Co, Parallels, Safety Jerico .............................................. 205 Partitions, Rolling Kinnear Mfg. Co. ..... ...................227 Paper Cups Paq. No. Continental Can Co................... . 77 Pipe Markers Eastern Metal of Elmira, inc. Safety First Supply Co. Plastics for Shields and Guards Bullard, E. D., Co. Fendall Co. Industrial Gloves Co, Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co, Watchemoket Optical Co. Platforms, Scaffold Albine Engine & Machine Works ................... -- 42 Louisville Ladder Co. Patent Scaffolding Co........ ........ . 45 Platforms, Steel Alan Wood Steel Co. Inland Steel Co. Platforms, Tank Car Nichols Engineering Co...............183 Platforms, Unloading Nichols Engineering Co.... -..... J83 Pliers, Safety Osborn Mfg. Co....... ...................196 Pole Grip, Safety Petersen Engineering Co. Poster Service American Optical Co. National Safety Council ----------- ------ ...____ 306-307.308 Willson Products, Inc, Projectors. Film Strip American Optical Co. 8ausch & Lomb Optical Co. DuKane Corp. Projectors, Sound Slidefilm DuKane Corp. .................... ........ 2S0 Paq. No. Protectors. Arm ouiiara u, wo> Davis Emergency Equip. Co. Holcomb Safety Garment Co Industrial Gloves Co. Industrial Products Co Jones, C. 1 Walker, Co/ Products Co/" ...119 McDonald, B, F., Co Milburn Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co, ^rri'nd^a,^- COrp- Safety Firf Co' Standard Safety Equipment Co. H; S; Equipment Co. West Disinfecting Co, Wheeler Protective Apparel |nc Bullard, E, D.( Co. Industrial Products Co, Kimball Safety Products Co. McDonald, B. P.( Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp Safety Clothing & Equipment Co Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. U'. S. Safety Service Co. Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc. Protectors, Finger American Optical Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc, Halperin, A. E., Co., Inc. Industrial Gloves Co____ ___ _j|3 Industrial Products Co. Kimball Safety Products Co. McDonald, B, F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp, Record Industrial Co, Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. U. S. Safety Service Co, Wheeler Protective Aoparel, Irvc. Proteetors for Linemen American Optical Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Industrial Gloves Co. Industrial Products Co. Safety Clothlnq & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Salisbury, W. H., & Co.............159 U. S. Safety Service Co. Protectors, Knee Bullard, E. D., Co. Holcomb Safety Garment Co, Industrial Gloves Co. Industrial Products Co, Kimball Safety Products Co McDonald, B. F., Co. Milburn Company Mine Safety Applianc-s Pulmosan Safety Eou o C Safety Clothing & Ecj c""* Safety First Supply Co Standard Safety Eo- cTM*1"* Wheeler Protective Arrv- Numbers indicate pages on which the Product is described or illustrated in this issue Please mention National Safety Newt when writing any of fhese companies. 332 National Safety Newt, Match, 1954 Classified Section Pag* No, Publications, Safety National Safety Council. 253 to 305 Pumps, Acid Bullard, E. D., Co, Industrial Products Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp, Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Pumps, Hand Operated Protectoseal Co. Pumps, Oxygen Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc, McDonald, B. F., Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety First Supply Co. R Rail Punch Mine Safety Appliances Co. Ramps and Runways Alan Wood Steel Co. American Abrasive Metals Co. U, S. Safety Service Co. Reflector,, Lamp Safety Clothing & Equipment Co, Surty Mfg, Co., Inc, Regulators, Gas Dockson Corp. Safety First Supply Co. Rescue Apparatus, Diving and Underwater Davis Emergency Equip, Co., Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Safety First Supply o. Respirators, Air-Line American Optical Co, Bullard, E. D., Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co,, Inc. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B, F,, Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co.J.F C. Pulmosan Safely Equip. Corp...J07 Safety Clothing & Equipment Co, Page No. Safety First Supoly Co. Scott Aviation Corp.............. 98 Standard Safety Equipment Co, Willson Products, Inc. Respirators, Dust--Type A. American Industrial Safety Equip, Co. American Optical Co. Bullard, E, D., Co, Chicago Eye Shield Co....105-1.B.C. Cover, H. S. .............. 7............. -...106 Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Dockson Corp. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co.. I.F.C. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp....107 Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Sellstrom Mfg. Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. U. S. Safety Service Co. Willson Products, Inc. Respirators, Dust--Type A & Lead-Combination Acme Protection Equip. Co. American Optical Co, Bullard, E. D., Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co..............105 Cover, H. S.....................................106 Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Dockson Corp. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co...I.F.C, Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp....107 Safety Clothing & Eauipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. U. S. Safety Service Co, Willson Products, Inc, Respirators, Dust--Lead Acme Protection Equip. Co. American Optica! Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co............. 105 Cover, H. S.................. .--............ 106 Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Dockson Corp. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co.J.F.C. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp.... 107 Safety Clothinq & Equipment Co, Safety First Supply Co, Standard Safety Equipment Co. U, S. Safety Service Co. Willson Products, Inc. Respirators, Fume Acme Protection Equip. Co. American Industrial Safety Equip. Co. American Optical Co, Bullard, E. D., Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Cover, H. S. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc, Dockson Corp. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co...I.F.C. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp.... 107 Safety Clothinq & Eauipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Scott Aviation Corp. Sellstrom Mfg. Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Page No. U S. Safety Service Co. Willson Products, Inc, Respirators, Gas American Industrial Safety Equip. Co. American Optica! Co. Bullard, E. D.t Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, 8. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. I.F.C. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp.._..l07 Safety Clothing & Eauipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Scott Aviation Corp. 'Willson Products, Inc. Respirators, Mists Acme Protection Equip. Co. American Optical Co. Bullard, E. D,, Co. Chicago Eve Shield Co. Cover, H, S. Davis Emergency Equip. Co , Inc. Dockson Corp. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. I.F.C. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp.....107 Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supoly Co. Scott Aviation Corp. Standard Safety Eauipment Co. U. S. Safety Service Co, Willson Products, Inc. Resuscitation Equipment Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc, Emerson, J. H., Co ............. ......... 234 McDonald, B. F.( Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co...I.F.C. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp....107 Safety Clothinq & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Rock Dusters Mine Safety Appliances Co. Rope, Wire American Chain & Cable Co....176 Bethlehem Steel Co., Inc.............170 Macwhyte Company ................... !8I Union Wire Rope Co.............168-169 S Safetygraphs National Safety Council.......284-285 Safety Training Institute National Safety Council.............. 295 Salt Tablets Page No. Ace Manufacturing Co,,........... 70 Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Dockson Corp. Halperin, A. E., Co.. Inc, Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Medical Supply Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Morton Salt Co............................... 74 Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Eauipment Co, Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Eauipment Co. 75 U.S. Safety Service Co............. 96 Salt Tablet Dispensers Ace Manufacturing Co................ 70 Bullard, E, D., Co, Davis Emergency Equip. Co. Dockson Corp. Halperin, A. E., Co._, Inc. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F,, Co. Medical Supply Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Morton Salt Co............................. 74 Pulmosan Safety Equip. Cor. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. 75 U. S. Safety Service Co............. 86 Sand Blast Equipment Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co, Safety First Supply Co. Sandals, Non-Skid Record Industrial Co, Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co.......... ........................................ ...150 Sandals, Shower Bullard, E. D., Co. Record Industrial Co. Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co. 134 Safety Clothinq & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Sandals. Wooden Sole Bullard, E. D., Co. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Record Industrial Co. Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co. 134 Safety Clothing & Equipment Co, Safety First Supply Co,, Scaffolding, Rolling Patent Scaffolding Co., Inc-------45 Scaffolding, Safety Sullard, E. D., Co. Patent Scaffolding Co , Inc........45 Numbers indicate pages on which the Product is described or illustrated in this Issue Please mention National Safety News when writing any of these companies, Classified Section Page No. Safety First Supply Co. Steel Scabold'rq Co,................ . 44 Scrubbing Machines, Floor Finnell System Inc.................,..... 37 Hild Floor Machine Co,.............. 34 Legge, Walter 6-., Co,, inc. Tennant, G. H.t Co. Vestal, Inc. West Disinfecting Co, Seal for Fire Extinguishers Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supoly Co, Searchlights Mine Safety Appliances Co, Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Self-Rescuers for Miners Mine Safety Appliances Co, Shields, Welding American Industrial Safety Equip. Co. American Optical Co. Bausch & lomb Optical Co. Bullard, E. D., Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Dockson Corp......................... $9 FendaW Co. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, 8. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Puimosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothinq & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Selltsrom Mfg. Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. U> S. Safety Service...,.............. 86 Welsh Mfg. Co............................. 89 Willson Products, Inc. Shin Guards Bullard, E. D., Co. Eliwood Safety Appliance Co. Industrial Gloves Co. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Puimosan Safety Eauip, Corp. Record Industrial Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co, Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc. Shirts, Anatomical McDonald, B. F., Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Shoe Preserver, Water Repellent Dow Corning Corp,...,.................. ISI Pag* No. Shoes, Conductive Hy-Test Div , Intern'l Shoe Co. Shoes, Leather, Linemen's Bashlin, W. M,, Co.......................156 Miller Equipment Co,, inc. Shoes, Non-Sparking Hy-Test Div.f Intern'l Shoe Co. Iron Age Div., H. Childs & Co., Inc. Lehigh Safety Shoe Co., Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Record Industrial Co. Shoes, Orthopedic, Wooden Sole Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co,..J34 Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Suppiy Co. Shoes, Rubber, Safety Toe Beacon Falls Rubber Footwear..(42 Iron Age Div., H. Childs &Co........................................ 136-137 Lehigh Safety Shoe Co., Inc...,,..140 Miller Products Co., Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Record Industrial Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Shoes, Safety Toe Bone-Dry Shoe Mfg. Co........ .... ISO Hy-Test Div., Intern'l Shoe Co. .....-.......... ,............. ....... 146-147 Industrial Products Co. Iron Age Div., H. Childs & Co., Inc. ........... ........ ...... i36-137 Knapp Bros. Shoe Mfg. Co.......152 Lehigh Safety Shoe Co., Inc.............. 140-141 McAn, Thom, Safety Shoes ...144-145 McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Record Industrial Co...................!3I Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co. Safety Box Toe Co...................148-149 Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Shoos for Women Hy-Test Div., Intern'l Shoe Co...147 Shoos, Wooden Solo Bullard, E. D., Co. industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Record Industrial Co. Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co....134 Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Shower Bath, Industrial Bradley Washfountain Co........ - 57 Page No. Shower, Emergency Benson & Associates..................... . 79 Bullard, E. D., Co. Haws Drinking Faucet Co. Industrial Products Co. 5afety Clothing & Equipment Co, Safety First Supply Co, Signs, Accident Prevention Bullard, E. D., Co. Davenport, A, C., & Sons, Inc. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Eastern Metal of Elmira, Inc.... 309 Industrial Products Co. McDonald, 8, F,f Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Prairie State Products Co...........249 Puimosan Safety Equip. Corp. Ready Made Siqn Co.. Inc....... 249 Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Standard Signs, Inc........ ...... .310-311 Stonehouse Signs, inc....................248 Signs, Reflecting Eastern Metal of Elmira, lnc,~JG9 Industrial Products Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Signs, Inc................310-311 Stonehouse Signs, Inc, Sirons and Signals Bullard, E. D., Co. Federal Enterprises, Inc....... -.... 228 Safety First Supply Co. Skull Caps Kimball Safety Products Co. Standard Safety Equip. Co. ------122 Sleeves, Protective Advance Glove Mfg. Co. American Optical Co. Associated Bag & r\pr^n Co. Bullard, E. D.( Co. Chicago Eye Shield r Davis Emergency E .p. Co., Inc. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Industrial Gloves Co. Industrial Products Co. Jones, C. Walker, Co.............-,,..119 Kennedy-lngalls, V. E., Co........124 McDonald, B. F., Co, Milburn Co. Miller Products Co., Inc, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Puimosan Safety Equip. Corp. Record Industrial Co. Safety Clothinq 4 Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Sawyer, H, M,, & Son Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Tower, A, J., Co. U, S. Safety Service Co. West Disinfecting Co. Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc. Slings, Chain American Chain & Cable Co. Columbus-McKinnon Chain Corp. _________________ 175 Taylor, S, G,, Chain Co, Page No. Slings, Wire Rope ABmethelreichaenm CShtaemel C& oC.,abInlec. Co....[[A7a Lowery Brothers ................ ' 134 Macwhyte Company |g| Union Wire Rope Corp....... 168-169 Smokers* Stand Standard Industrial Products Co. .. ............................... ........... 80 Soaps or Cleansers, Hand Breck, John H,, Inc. ................. )63 Chemical Specialties, Inc......... 164 Oolge, C. B., Co. Finnell System, Inc. Halperin, A. E., Co,, Inc. Hillyard Chemical Co. Huntington Laboratories, Inc, Ughtfoot Schultz Co,...... .............. 69 Medical Supply Co. Milburn Company Mine Safety Appliances Co. Monsanto Chemical Co.................64 Packwood, G. H., Mfg. Co........61 Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Speedi-Dri Corp. Vestal, Inc......................................... 66 West Disinfecting Co................... 63 Soap Dispensers Bradley Washfountain Co. Dolge, C. B., Co. Finnell System, Inc, Halperin, A. E., Co,( inc, Hillyard Chemical Co. Ughtfoot Schultz Co.................. 69 Mine Safety Appliances Co, Packwood, G. H., Mfg, Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co, Safety First Supply Co, West Disinfecting Co. Soles, Shoe, Non-Slip American Biitrite Rubber Co. ................................. ,132-133 Bearfoot Sole Co., Inc........ 138-139 Du Pont Co., Inc. ................ 157 Gro-Cord Rubber Co.v-------------- 135 Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. - Solvents, Cleaning Fine Organics, Inc........ 67 Spectacles, Industrial American Industrial Safety Equip. Co. American Optical Co. B.u. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co. 84 Bullard, E. 0., Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co __ L8.C. Davis Emergency Eou u. Co. Dockson Corp. Fendall Co. Industrial Products Co. Kimball Safety Product Co *0 McDonald, B. F,, Co Mine Safety ApphVces Lj. Pennsylvania Optical C: Puimosan Safetv Eau-c C r Safety Clothing 4 Fj- - '**'* Safety First Supply C- $e St* \\ Sr s t * Numbers indicate pages on which the Product is described or illustrated in this issue Please mention National Safety Newt whon writing any of those companies. 334 National Safety News. March, 1954 Classified Section No, s Co ITi m lf>4 <81 168.169 Pago No. Sellstrom Mfg, Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. U. S, Safetv Service Co............ 86 Watchmokef Optical Co........ 92-93 Welsh Mfg. Co................... 88-89 Willson Products, Inc. Sprinkler Systems Blaw-Knox Co. Rockwood Sprinkler Co.......... ,213 and Stain Remover, Floor Hunfmgton Laboratories, !nc.... 32 6? - 64 61 -a. 66 63 Stair Treads, Safety Alan Wood Sfeel Co. American Abrasive Metals Co. 24 Bullard, E. D^ Co. Inland Steel Co. Melflex Products Corp............... 35 Miracle Adhesives Corp 27 Safety Clothinq & Equipment Co. Safety F*r$t Supply Co. Surty Mfg. Co. Stamps, Steel Marking Cunningham, M, E., Co______ 196 Jerico Standards and Signs, Accident Prevention, Portable Bullard, E. D.( Co. Eastern Metals of Elmira, lnc.-309 Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Prairie State Products Co..........249 Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safetv first Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Standard Sinqs, Inc...............310-311 Stonehouse Signs, Inc. Static around Davies, Personnel Legqe, Walter G,, Co., Inc, Sterilizing Equipment Aloe, A. S., Co.... ..................... _,243 Mine Safety Appliances Co, Safety First Supply Co, Stools, Insulating Salisbury. W. H., & Co....... ...... 159 Straps, Safaty Bashlin, W. M., Co... Suhrke, R. H,, Co,.,.,,,,. ..IS6 ..158 Pag* No. Bullard, E. D,, Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. Klein, Mathias, & Sons................ 160 McDonald,tB. F,, Co. Miller Equipment^ Co., Inc........ 156 Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Pose Mfq. Co, Safety Clothing & Equipment Co, Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Stretchers Bomgardner Mfg. Co.................. 239 Bullard, E. D.t Co. _ Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc, Halperin. A, E., Co., Inc........... 242 Industrial Products Co, Junkin Safety Appliance Co. I nc. ............--,............--............. 232 McDonald, B. F., Co. Medical Supply Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safetv First Supply Co, Standard Safety Equipment Co. Stretcher Klfs & Coses Bullard, E. D., Co. Halperin, A. E., Co., Inc ........242 Junkin Safety Appliances Co., Inc.................................. ........... ..... 232 Sun Glasses American Optical Co. Pennsylvania Optical Co. Safety Clothina & Equipment Co. Watchemoket Optical Co. Willson Products, Inc, Sweat Bands American Optical Co. Associated Bag & Apron Co. 8u!lard, E. D., Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co,, inc. Docks n Corp. Halpc m, A. E., Co.. Inc. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothinq & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Sellstrom Mfq. Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. ............... ......... ....................... 121 Willson Products, Inc. Sweeping Compounds Hillyard Chemical Co....... .. ..... .. 39 Switchboard Matting Industrial Products Co, Melflex Products Co, Safety First Supply Co. Salisbury, W. H.t & Co............. 159 Syphons, Acid Page No. Bullard, E. D., Co. Industrial Products Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Tools, Linemen's Page No. Bashlin, W, M., Co,............. ...... 156 Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. Klein, Mathias, & Sons............. 160 Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Tools, Marking or Stamping T Cunningham, M. E., Co..............196 Jerico Tables, Luncheon Chicago Hardware Foundry Co. 71 Togs. Accident Prevention Bullard, E. D., Co. Industrial Products Co. Metal Arts Co., Inc. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Stonehouse Signs, Inc. Testing Instruments, Tool Fendal) Co................................ ...... 204 Tire Chain & Accessories American Chain & Cable Co., Inc. Taylor, S. S., Chain Co. Toe Guards Bullard, E. D., Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Gllwood Safety Appliance Co--143 Industrial Gloves Co. Industrial Products Co. McDonald, B. F.c Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. ..........._____ _____ _______ 143 Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc. Toilet Paper West Disinfecting Co. Tool Holder Bashlin, W. M., Co..................... 156 Burhke, R H., Co. Cunningham, M. E., Co..............196 Miller Equipment Co., Inc..--156 Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Rose Mfg. Co. Tool Tester Fendal! Co......................................204 Tools, Safety Ampco Metals, Inc, ............... (99 Beryllium Corp. ................ . 194 Bullard. E. D., Co, Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Coro. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co, Safety First Supply Co, Scientific Industrial Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Torches, Blow Klein, Mathias, & Son Torches, Welding Dockson Corp. Towel Cabinets West Disinfecting Co. Towels, Paper West Disinfecting Co. Towers, Roiling Steel Scaffolding Co.................... 44 Treads, Floor Alan Wood Steel Co. American Abrasive Metal Co-- 2* Melflex Products Co. Minnesota Mnq. & Mfg. Co. Miracle Adhesive Corp............. 27 Safety Clothinq & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co, Surty Mfg. Co. Trench Covers Alan Wood Steel Co. American Abrasive Metals Co. Trestles, Extension Patent Scaffolding Co........ ......... 46 Safety First Supply Co, Steel Scaffolding Co.-... . .44 Numbers indicate pages on which the Product is described or illustrated in this Issue Fleas* mention National Safaty News whan writing any of thasa companies. National Safaty News. March, 1954 335 Classified Section Pag* No. Trolley Guard Hanger Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety First Supp'v Co. Trophies Award Incentives Metal Arts Co., Inc. Williams Jewelery & Mfg, Co...252 Trucks, Carboy Industrial Products Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp, Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co, Standard Safety Equipment Co. Trucks, Portable Hand American Industrial Safety Equip. Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Turbines, Steam Coppus Engineering Corp. Type Holders, Stool Cunningham, M. E., Co............ J96 u Uniforms, Industrial Industrial Gloves Co. Milburn Company Record Industrial Co. V Vacuum Cleaners, Industrial Finnell System, inc.............. ....... 37 Hild Floor Machine Co............. 34 Vacuum Utters Bullard, E. D,, Co. Industrial Products Co. Utfell, F, J., Machine Co* .....202 McDonald, B. F., Co. Osborn Mfg. Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Surty Mfg. Co. Valves, Air Blow Schrader's A., Son Valves, Gas Main Pag* No. Bailey, Wm. M., Co................... 201 Valves, Gate American Chain & Cable Co, Valves, Oxygen Safety First Supply Co, Scott Aviation Corp. Vault Cover Wachs. E. H., Co.................. ...... 200 Vending Machines, Sanitary Napkins Halperin, A, E,, Co., Inc. West Disinfecting Co. Ventilating Devices, Portable Coppus Engineering Corp........ 58 McDonald, 8. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co.J.F.C, Ventilating Equipment Coppus Engineering Corp.... . 58 Mine Safety Appliances Co.J.F.C. Vest, Protective McDonald, B. F,, Co.,..... ....... ...123 Vision Testing Equipment American Optical Co. Bausch & tomb Optical Co. Keystone View Co..... ....... ........... 234 Visual Aids National Safety Council......284-285 W Walk-waySurfacing, Non-Slip Alan Wood Steel Co................... 17 American Abrasive Metals Co,.. 24 Bullard, 6. D., Co. Legge, Walter G., Co., Inc,,..... 31 Miracle Adhesive Corp. 27 Safety First Supply Co. Warning Lights Pag* No. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Federal Enterprises, Inc. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Washers, Safety for Grinding Wheel Bullard, E. D.. Co. Industrial Products Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co................ ........ .......................,.,.,205 Washfountaln Bradley Washfountain Co._.....,, 57 Washroom Equipment, Industrial Bradley Washfountain Co.......... 57 Chicago Hardware Foundry Co. ........... .................. ........ ....... . 78 Watchmen's Cloek Systems Chicago Watchclock Co...,.,,,.....225 Detex Watchclock Corp...224 Water Carrier Haws Drinking Faucet Co. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Water Coolers Taylor, Halsey W.t Co.,------------ 71 Water Repellent, Shoe Dow Corning Corp_,^,,.____ 151 Wax Applicators, Floor Dolqe, C. B.( Co. Finnell System, Inc. Hild Floor Machine Co.............. 34 Hillyard Chemical Co. Tennant, G, H., Co. Welder's Protective Equipment Acme Protection Equip. Co. American Industrial Safety Equip. Co. American Optical Co. Bullard, E. D,, Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co..........I.B C. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Dockson Corp, ........... ................ .. 99 Fendall Co. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Industrial Gloves Co. Pag* No, Industrial Products Co. Jackson Products ................ ,,,,...... 97 Kimball Safety Products Co. McDonald, 8. F., Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pennsylvania Optical Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Coro. Record Industrial Co. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co. Safety First Supply Co. Sellstrom Mfg. Co....... .....................|QI Standard Safety Equipment Co, U. S. Safety Service Co. Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc. Willson Products, Inc, Wetting Agent for Fire Fighting National Foam System, Inc....,,..2l7 Rockwood Sprinkler Co___ ____ 213 Wheel Blocks, Truck Calumet Steei Castings Corp,, 204 Windshield De-icer Johnson Ladder Shoe Co. Wire Rope Fittings American Chain & Cable Co,, Inc. Bethlehem Steel Co., Inc. Lauqhlin, Thomas Co. Lowery Brothers ................184 Macwhyte Company ............. _J8! Newman Mfg. & Sales Corp.... 180 Workstands, Elevating, Portable & Stationary Cotterman, I. D........................ 50 Patent Scaffolding Co......... -...... 45 Wrench, Spanner Bergman Safety-Spanner Co.,.,,J20& Wrenches, Hopper Car industrial Products Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing & Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Trumbull Mfg. Co.........................200 Wrenches, Non-Ferrous Metal Ampco Metals, Inc. ............199 8eryllium Corp. .......... .-.194 Bullard, E. D., Co. Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. Pulmosan Safety Equip. Corp. Safety Clothing 8t Equip. Co. Safety First Supply Co. Schinker, Michael'A., Mfg. Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Numbers indicate pages on which the Product is described or illustrated in this Issue Please mention National Safety News when writing any of these companies. 336 INDEX OF ADVERTISED PRODUCTS Page No. Absorbents, Oil and Grease ........................... ...23-25-26-27-29-30-32-38 Accident Prevention Service ....... 253 to 304 Air Ejectors .......... .....................................193 Air Pollution Control .................. 55 Anti-Fogging Compound 96-100-103-114-151 Antiseptics ...... --.................................. 233 Aprons ..... ................. 86-96-115-124-125-126 Athlete's Foot Retardent ..................... 69-70 Awards, Prize .........-..........252-303-309-310 Badges and Buttons ............252-303-309-310 Bags, Linemen's Glove ............ 156-158-159 Bags, Linemen's Tool ..................156-158-159 Belts, Linemen's ................... 156-158-159-160 Belts, Safety ................... l56'!!o Blankets, Linemens Rubber ...................... 159 Blast Furnace Equipment ---------- ----- -----201 Blowers, Portable ............................ -......... 58 Blowers, Ventilating .................................... 58 Boots, Linemen's ------------...... .......140-156 Boots, Rubber................................ 125-140-142 Bottle Carrier ........................... 29 Breathing Apparatus .................................. 98 Buckets, Hoisting ..................... -........156-158 Bulletin Boards ............ --252-282-283 Cable, Wire ........... 168-169-170-176-181 -18-4 Cans, Safety .............. -...............223-225-228 Caps for Women ........................ 124-125-128 Car, Hopper Closer .................. ...........--200 Carboys, Plastic ................................... -.... 185 Carriers, Food ........................... 79 Chain ............... . .................................... --182 Chain, Sling ....... .............. -...............175-182 Chocks, Wheel ............................. ...204 Clamps, Cable ............................ 178-180-186 Clamps, Rail ............... 198-203 Clamps, Socket and Eyebolts ....178-180-186 Cleaners, Vacuum, Industrial ............. 34 Cleaning Compounds & Solvents ------ 34-39 Cleaning Machines, Floor ........... --34-37-41 Climbers, Linemen's ..................... 156-160 Clothing, Linemen's ....... 159 Clothing, Protective 11 l-l 13-115-124-126-128 Clothing for Women ...........................-- 124 Compounds, Floor Finishing 31-34-37-39-63 Connectors, Electrical ................. 195 Containers, Explosive Liquid ....... .....223 Curtains, Welding ........ ...... ............. ........127 Detector, Carbon Monoxide ....... 56 Detector, Gas ..............................,........ I.F.C. Disinfectants and Deodorants ........ 70 Dispensary Equipment_______ 243 Dispensers, Goggle Cleaning ................. ............. ....... 96-100-103-114-151 Dispensers, Salt Tablet ....................70-73-75 Doors, Fire ....... -................ -........ -......... 227 Drill Table ...... 202 Drinking Fountains ...................... 71 Driver Trainer Materials ...... 301-302 Drum Head Cutter ............. 186 Dryers, Face and Hands ............. 78 Dust Collectors.................... 59 Emblems, Safety .......... 252-303-309-310 Eye Shields ....,,............ ....... 83-86-92-93-I.B.C- Eye Washing Fountain ......... 74-79 Face Shields ............... 86-88-95-96-111-I.B.C. Fans, Exhaust......................... 55 Fans, Ventilating ....................... 58 Feeders, Vacuum ......... .202 Films or Slides, Safety ................................268 to 271--286 to 293 Fire Alarms ...... 222-228 Fire Doors ......... 227 Fir* Extinguishers ... 210-211 -215-219-221 -224 Fire Extinguishing Foam ...... 217 Fire Extinguishing Systems 211-219-221 Page No. First Aid Kits .. .235-236-238-240-241-242-244 First Aid Materials 235-236-240-241-242-244 First Aid Room Equipment........................243 Flags, Award S Safety................................297 Flashlights ............. ................ _................... 225 Floor Cleaning Machines,Electric .........37-41 Floor Finishing Compounds....31-34-37-39-63 Floor Plate, Steel ............ 17 Flooring Materials ...... 16-17-24-25-27-28 Food Carriers ....... 79 Foot Guards .................................. --......... 143 Foot Mats .................................................... 70 Fume Collectors ............................... 59 Fungicides ............................... 70-72 Glass, Welding Plates and Lenses ............... 94-97-99-104 Gloves and Mittens . ... 111 -113-119-126-128 Gloves, Linemen's Protector ......... 159 Gloves, Rubber or Synthetic 117-120-122-125 Goggle Cleaning ........... 96-100-103-114-151 Goggle Valves ........................... 201 Goggles ............... 83-84-86-88-89-90-91 -92-93 ........................................94-97-106-107-I.B.C. Grating, Steel ................................. 16 Guard Materials ..................... 203 Guards for Edged Tools ............................ 158 Guards, Foot and Toe........ ......... -...........143 Guards, Grinding Wheel .......................... 198 Guards, Guide Pin ___ 206 Guards, Hand ................... ..........................113 Guards, Lamp..................... ...................--.. 14 Guards, Milling Machine ............--...... 194 Guards, Power Press 191-192-193-196-204-206 Guards, Shear .................. 204 Hair Guards ....... .....124-125-128 Hand Cream, Protective i Al -162-163-164-165 Harness, industrial Safety ...156-158 Hat Liners ............................. --.................. 122 Hats, Safety ..............................86-96-109-110 Helmets, Sandblast ........................ I.B.C. Helmets, Welding 89-96-97-99-I0I-I07-I.B.C. Hoists, Electric ........... 177 Hoods, Dust.............. I.B.C. Hoods, Insulator ........................... 159 Hooks and Snaps ...... 158 Hose, Steam ................................................ 197 Hospital Equipment, Industrial ............ 243 Hydrogen Analyzer ..... 56 Indicators, Carbon Monoxide ...... 56-86 Inhalators ............................................. I.F.C. Innersole Shoes & Boots ........... 153 Insulating Stools ........................... .........159 Insurance Brokers ....... 312 Ladder Shoes or Feet........................47-49-50 Ladder Step, Safety ....... 45-49-50 Ladders, Rolling .... 44-45-50 Ladders, Safety ............................ 42-47-49 Ladder, Tower ............................................ 50 Lamps, Adjustable ......... 14-15 Lanterns, Electric ...... .................................225 Lantern, Vapor Proof...... ........ 225 Leather Preserver ................................... 151 Leather, Safety Clothing ....................117-121 Leggings ................................... 113 Lens, Industrial ................... 86-91 Lighting, Outdoor ...................... 13 Line Hose ............................................ _.....159 Linemen's Rubber Protective Devices ....159 Linemen's Tools .................................... 156-160 Load Binders ............................... 178 Magnifier, Illuminated ............ 191 Marking Tools ........................... 196 Masks ........................... 105 Matches, Safety ............................. 314 Materials Handling Devices ............. 186 Mats, Standing ........................................25-35 Page No. Mats, Switchboard .................................... 159 Metal, Perforated for Guards ............ 203 Mirror, Plant Traffic.................. 15 Paint .............................................................. 32 Paint, Abrasive ..................................24-27-28 Paper Cups .................................................. 77 Parallel, Safety ............................................205 Platforms, Scaffold ................................ 42-45 Platforms, Unloading ................................ 183 Pliers, Feeder ............................................ .196 Poster Service ..............................306-307-308 Projectors, Sound Slidefiim .................. 250 Protectors for Linemen ........... 159 Publications, Safety ...... ..............253 to 304 Respirators ....... ..................105-106-107-I.B.C. Resuscitators ...... I.F.C.-I34 Safety Training Institute ............................ 295 Sait Tablets .......... 72-73-75-86 Salt Tablet Dispensers ......... ,,..........70-73-75 Sandals, Non-Skid ................... Sandals, Shower ......... 134-150 134 Scaffolds, Extension ................. 44-45 Scaffolds, Rolling .................................... 44-45 Scaffolding, Safety ....... 44-45 Scrubbing Machines, Floor..... ..............34-37 Shoes, Rubber ...................................... 125-142 Shoes, Safety Toe ! 31 -134-136-13 7-140-141 ........... .............. --144-145-146-147-150-152 Shoes, Wooden Sole ........... ,,................... 134 Shower, Emergency .............................. 79 Shower Equipment ...................................... 57 Signs and Signals, Accident Prevention .... .................. 248-249-309-310-311 Sirens ......................... 228 Sleeves, Protective .......................... . 111 -119 Slings, Chain ...... 175-182 Slings, Wire Rope 168-169-170-176-181-184 Smokers' Stand ..................................... 80 Soap or Cleanser, Hand ............61-64-66-69 Soles, Shoe, Non-Slip ............................... 132-133-135-138-139-157 Solvents ....................... 67 Spectacles, Industrial ....... 84-86-88-89-90-91 Sprinkler Systems ...... 213 Stain Remover, Floor .............. 32 Stair Treads, Safety ................... --24-27-35 Stamps, Steel Marking ..............................196 Sterilizing Equipment ................................243 Straps, Safety ...................................... 156-158 Stretchers ............................................232-239 Sweat Bands .............. 121 Switchboard Matting .................. 159 Tables, Sectional ................ 71 Tool Holder ....... 156-158-196-202 Tool Tester ..................... 204 Tools, Marking or Stamping .................... 196 Tools, Non-Ferrous Metal ................ 194-199 Transformer Gin ..................... 174 Trestles, Extension ....................................44-45 Type Holders, Steel .......................... 196 Vacuum Cleaners, Industrial ............... 34-37 Valve, Goggle ....... 201 Vault Cover ....... 200 Ventilating Devices, Portable Emergency ............. 58 Vest, Protective ..........................................123 Vision Testing Equipment ..........................234 Visual Aids .......................................... 284-285 Walk-Way Surfacing, Non-Slip 17-24-25-27 Washer, Safety ............................................205 Washfountains .......... _............................... 57 Watchmen's Clocks ........................... 224-225 Welder's Protective Equipment ............... 83 Wire Rope Fittings ............................ 178-180 Workstands, Elevating ............................44-45 Wrench, Spanner ........................................206 Refer to Directory of Advertisers for Nearest Branch Office National Safety News, March, 1954 337 N/ Advertisers' index Pag* No. Ac* Fir* Equipment Co. Ac* Manufacturing Co......... Aem* Protection Equip. Co. Advance Glove Mfg. Co....... 224 70 ............105 ,..-.128 Aerotec Corp...................................... 59 Alan Wood Steel Co........................... 17 Albina Engine 4 Machine Works 42 Allen Optical Co......................................... 103 Aloe, A. S., Co............................ 243 American Abrasive Metals Co................ 24 American Biltrite Rubber Co..... .132-133 American Chain & Cable Co., Inc.....l76-I77 American Industrial Safety Equip. Co.... 94 American-LaFranee-Foamite Corp............ 215 American Optical Co.............................. B. C. American Tel. 4 Tel. Co. ................ 251 Ampco Metal, Inc.........................................(99 Ansul Chemical Co.............................. 210-211 Associated Bag 4 Apron Co. .......... 126 Award Incentives ........... 309 Bailey, William M., Co........ ................. 201 Bashlin, W. M., Co..................................... 156 Bausch 4 Lomb Optical Co...................84-85 Beacon Falls Rubber Footwear..... .......... 142 Bearfoot Sole Co., Inc. .....................138-139 Benson 4 Associates ................................. 79 Bergman Safety-Spanner Co......... ........206 Beryllium Corp............................ 194 Bethlehem Steel Co. -- ........................... 170 Blaw-Knox Co. ............................................ 16 Bomgardner Mfg. Co. ....... 239 Bone-Dry Shoe Mfg. Co. .......................... 150 Bowman, George H., Jr, ...................... 96 Badley Washfountain Co........................... 57 Breclc, John H., Inc. ..... ............................163 Brossard, Lester L,, Co.............................. 15 Buhrke, R. H. Co.......... 158 Bullard E. D,, Co................................. 110 Cadet Laboratories ................ 165 Calumet Steel Castings Corp. .. --204 Canfield Oil Co............................. 38 Chemical Specialties, Inc.................... .... 164 Chesebrough Mfg. Co. Cons'd................242 Chic Maid Hat Mfg. Co., Inc................. 125 Chicago Eye Shield Co...94-96-103-105-1.B.C. Chicago Hardware Foundry Co............ 71-78 Chicago Watchdoek Co............................ 225 Columbus-McKinnon Chain Corp............. 175 Continental Can Co. ................................. 77 Coppus Engineering Corp.......................... 58 Cotterman, I. D................ 50 C-O-Two Fire Equipment Co.................... 219 Cover, H. S.................. -.................... 106 Cunningham, M. E,, Co............................. 196 Davenport, A. C., 4 Son, Inc........... ...... 252 Davis Emergency Equip. Co., Ine.......240-241 Dayton Safety Ladder Co. ....................... 49 Detex Watchclock Corp.............. 224 Diamond Match Co.....................................314 Dockson Corporation ............................... 99 Dolge, C. B., Co......................................... 69 Dow Corning Corp. .................................... 151 Dri-Rite Co. ........................ 27 Dukane Corp. ........... 250 Dupont, E. I., DeNemours S Co., Inc. ................... 157-165 Durable Mat Co. ...... 25 Eagle Mfg. Co................... 228 Eagle-Picher Sales Co. ........... 26 Eastern Metal of Elmira, Inc. ......... 309 Edmont Mfg. Co. .................. ..120 Electronic Control Corp. .......................... 204 Pag* No. Ellwood Safety Appliance Co. ....... .143 Emerson, J. H., Co................. ..................234 Employers Mutuals of Wausau................. 312 Federal Enterprises, Inc.............................. 228 Fendall Company ................................. . 204 Fine Organics, Ine................. Finnell System, Ine. ............. Flor-Dry Co............. 67 37 32 Frost Paint 4 Oil Co................. 28 Gamewell Co............. 222 Gets-A-Lite Co................................... ......... 14 Gro-Cord Rubber Co...................................135 Halperin, A. E., Co................................... 242 Harrington it King Perforating Co........ 203 Haws Drinking Faucet Co......................... 74 Hild Floor Machine Co.............................. 34 Hillyard Chemical Co.................. 39 Holcomb Safety Garment Co. .................124 Hood Rubber Co......................................... 117 Huntington Laboratories, Ine.................... 32 Hygiene Research, Inc...........................96-161 Hynson, Wescott 4 Dunning, Ine.............. 233 Hy-Test Div,, Intern'l Shoe Co. ____ 146-147 Industrial Gloves Co................................... 113 Industrial Products Co............................... 203 Industrial Safety Belt Co........................... 158 Iron Age Div., H. Childs 4 Co..........136-137 Jackson Products ....................................... 97 Jerico ............................... 205 Johnson Ladder Shoe Co. .................... 50 Jones, C. Walker, Co.................. Joy Mfg. Co. ........... 119 195 Junkin Safety Appliance Co., Justrite Mfg. Co....................... 225 Kennedy-lngalis, V. E, Co. ......................124 Keystone View Co....................................... 234 Kidde, Walter, 4 Co., Inc.......................... 221 Kimball Safety Products Co. ................... 90 Kimberly-Clark Corp. ............................. 100 Kinnear Mfg. Co......................................... 227 Klein, Mathias, & Sons ................................160 Knapp Bros. Shoe Mfg. Co. ....................152 Laughlin, Thomas, Co................................. 178 Legge, Walter G., Co., Inc. ................. 31 Lehigh Safety Shoe Co....................... 140-141 Liberty Protective Leathers, Inc. ..............117 Lichtman, J., 4 Sons .................................. 121 Lightfoot Schultz Co. , ............................ 69 Litteli, F. J., Machine Co......................... 202 Louisville Ladder Co................ 42 Lowery Bros.................................. Luxo Lamp Corp. ....... 184 14 Macwhyte Company ........ 181 McAn, Thom, Safety Shoe Div......... .144-145 McDonald, B. F., Co...................... 123 Medical Supply Co. .......... 235-236 Melflex Products Co. ........................... 35 Merrill Brothers ..... 186 Metal Arts Co., Inc.................................... 310 Micro .................... Milburn Co............................ 191 162 Miller Equipment Co........... . ..156 Miller Prods. Co., Inc........................... ,125 Mine Safety Appliances Co. . I.F.C.-238 Miracle Adhesive Corp............................ 27 Modern Machine Tool Co. ................. 202 Monsanto Chemical Co. Morton Salt Co................ 64 74 National Foam System, Inc.,..................217 National Safety Council............... 253 to 308 Newman Mfg. 4 Sales Co. ...................... (80 Page No. New York Belting 4 Packing Co............... 197 Nichols Engineering Co...............................183 Oil-Dri Corp. of America ................. 29 Onox, Ine............................................ 70 Osborn Mfg. Co.................. 196 Oxy-Catalyst, Ine......................................... 55 Pae-Kit Company ..................................... 244 Packwood, S. H., Mfg. Co....................... 61 Patent Scaffolding Co., Inc. ................... 45 Pennsylvania Optical Co........................... 91 Permamix Corp. .......................................... 25 Petersen Engineering Co. .......................... 174 Pioneer Rubber Co............................... 122 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co.......................... 33 Plax Corp.................... ..185 Positive Safety Mfg. Co...............................196 Prairie State Products Co. ........... 249 Pfatectoseal Co., The ........................... 223 Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp............. 107 Ready Made Sign Co........ ........................ 249 Record Industrial Co................................... 131 Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co................. 134 Rockwood Sprinkler Co.............. 213 Rose Mfg. Co..................... 47 Rubberhid* Co., Inc....................................153 Ruemelin Mfg. Co....................................... 59 Safety Box To* Co. ............................ 148-149 Safet Clothing 4 Equip. Co. .................... Ill Safety First Supply Co............................... 198 Safety Tower Ladder Co........................... 50 Salisbury, W. H., 4 Co.......*....... 159 Sawyer, H. M., 4 Son, Co.........................126 Schrader's, A., Son .................................... 193 Scientific Industrial Supply Co................. 125 Scott Aviation Corp................... 98 Saarjeant Metal Products Inc. ..................194 Sellstrom Mfg. Co....................................... 101 Singer Glove Mfg. Co.................................126 Speedi-Dri Corp. . 23 Standard Industrial Products Co.............. 80 Standard Safety Equipment Co. ......75-95-115-121 -122-127-128-143-150-205 Standard Signs, Inc........................ 310-311 Steel Scaffolding Co., Ine.......................... 44 Stonehouse Signs, Inc.................................248 Surty Mfg. Co.................... 192 Swivelier Co., Inc....................................... 15 Taller 4 Cooper, Inc. ................................ 56 Tamms Industries, Inc.................................. 25 Taylor, Halsey W., Co................................ 71 Taylor, S. G,, Chain Co. .........................182 Tennant, G. H., Co.......................... 41 Thompson Electric Co, .... Tower, A. J., Co................... Trumbull Mfg. Co............................. 13 128 200 Union Wire Rope Corp. ................. 168-169 U. S. Safety Service Co. .................... 86-87 U. S. Treasury Dept............................... 313 Vacuum Can Co......................................... 79 Vpstal, Ine..........-......................................... 66 Wachs, E. H., Co. ..................................... 200 Watchemoket Optical Co., Inc........ 83-92-93 Welsh Mfg. Co.........................................88-89 West Disinfecting Co................................ 63 Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc...............116 Wiesman Mfg. Co............................. 206 Wilkins Co., tnc...........................................114 Williams Jewerly 4 Mfg. Co.................... 252 Willson Products, Ine.................... 109 Wright Hoist Div............... 177 Wyandotte Chemicals Corp...................... 30 SEE CLASSIFIED SECTION, PAGES 321 TO 336 ALSO DIRECTORY SECTION, PAGES 315 TO 321 338 National Safety News, March, 1954 a / i 4. 1 with choice of 4 Temple Styles Now, with AO's popular line of acetate spectacle safety glasses, workers can have any of four types of temples. These are: (1) Comfort Cable (easily adjustable), (2) Skull Type (extra strong), (3) Solid Core Riding Bow (moisture proof), (4) Spatula (broad flat tip for comfort fit). These safety glasses are widely used, both with and without side shields, throughout industry for protection against flying particles. They are indispensable where spark hazards exist as in electronic work and spot welding... ask your nearest AO Safety Products Representative. QUICK FACTS LENSES -- 6 Curve Super Armorplate dear or Calobar in medium, dark or extra dark shades, or 6 Curve Plastolite Lenses. Super Armorplate Lenses can be ground to worker's prescription. UNOBSTRUCTED VISION --Note hinges and temples out of line of sight KEYHOLE BRIDOE -- Strong, lightweight ORBIT-SHAPED LENSES -- Conform to and cover eye orbit COMFORTABLE NOSE PADS -- Spread goggle weight broadly* SIDE SHIELDS --Perforated for ventilation and lens fog control *FX9200 model furnished with odiust* able nose pads for hard-fo*ftt workers. American Optical Ah r . ' Keep your workers in the Safety Zone with American Opti cal Safety Equipment SOUTHBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS BRANCHES IN PRINCIPAL CITIES Section 4--Personal Protection FOR DIRTY GLASSES install Keep them clean. Like dim lights and dull tools, dirty glasses are dangerous and inefficient. And what's the remedy for dirty glasses? SIGHT SAVER tissues. They're known and used by millions of people as the quickest and easiest way to clean and polish eyeglasses. They're properly treated with the right kind of SILICONE to quickly wipe away the best excuse men give for not wearing safety glasses. Supplement your eye safety program. Reduce accidents and rejects caused by grimy glasses. Improve morale. cleaning stations FOR WET OR Oil. SOAKED FEET Keep them dry. SHOE SAVER is a durable, water repellent SILICONE treatment that keeps water and oil from penetrating the leather and yet allows leather to breathe! It therefore reduces medical care traceable to contact dermatitis or wet feet. And by keeping leather soft and pliable, SHOE SAVER makes shoes more com fortable to wear makes shoes last longer * improves morale cuts overhead. Readily Available from leading Safety Supply Houses SIGHT SAVER DISPENSERS Cat. No. 60 (Black) No. 61 (White) No. 62 (Safety Green) $2.50 Refill Packets (Cat. No. 65) $1.45 SHOE SAVER Cat. No. 81 (Pints, $2.00, Quarts, $3.75, Gaitons, $12.75) Cat. No. 82 (4 ounce bottles, $0.60) MAIL TODAY for distributor DOW CORNING CORPORATION, Dept. DZ-15, Midland, Mich. Please send me your complete listing of sources of "Jppty for SIGHT SAVER Cleaning Stations and SHOE SAVER. Name Company Address City State National Safety Newt, March, 1954 FIRST IN SILICONES DOW CORNING CORPORATION P MIDI AND, MICNIOAM 151 Section 4--Personal Protection SAFETY COMFORT IP S. r* 5 /\ KNAPP AF-TEST SAFETY SHOES WITH THE PATENTED CONSTRUCTION H| |f(l ij; STYLE K-56 HAND WOVEN BROWN STOUT, OIL-TREATED LEATHER SOLES Sizes 5 to 14, Widths i to EE 2>eiiy*ted fat SAFETY Built {/0*... COMFORT Styled j/sn . . DRESS KNAPP SAF-TEST FEATURES y' Posif re Longitudinal and Metatarsal Arch Support y Austempered Steel Toe Boxes with Complete Inside and Outside Insulation y Specially Designed Tempered Steel Shank -- Extra Wide -- Extra Thick y Smooth, Comfortable, Non-fraying. Genuine Leather Toe Lining y Specially Treated 10 oz. Duck Lining -- Mildew and Sweat Resistant i/' Uppers Stitched with NYLON for Extra Durability y Complete Size Range from 5 to 14 -- Widths A to EEE 152 National Safety News Mo<h 1954 Section 4--Personal Protection T, RUBBERHIDE Safety, INNE RSOLES FOR RUBBER WORK SHOES AND BOOTS "RUBBERHIDE" Safety Innersoles provide low-cost maximum protection against foot injuries due to punc tures by nails or other sharp-pointed underfoot ob jects. They make rubber shoes and boots more thor oughly punctureproof than the heaviest leather soles, and will last longer than the shoes and boots them selves. NAILS CAN'T GET THROUGH . . . . . . even when jumped on! This protection means actual SAVINGS . . . eliminates lost time because of foot injuries . . . contributes to lower compen sation insurance rates. TOP-QUALITY SOLE LEATHER.... ONE-PIECE, FLEXIBLE SPRING STEEL SHEET OF RUBBERIZED CANVAS... Foot Contoured -- Flexible -- Light Weight Each "Rubberhide" Safety Innersole consists of a solid sheet of high-tensile spring steel between a layer of top-grade sole leather and a sheet of rubber-impregnated canvas . . . the three insepa rably bonded together. Made and stocked in all Rubber Boot and Rubber Work Shoe sizes. Safeguard your employees with "RUBBERHIDE" Safety Innersoles. $2.25 per pair, prepaid. Mail the coupon today! Distributor Inquiries Invited RUBBERHIDE COMPANY, INC. 715 WHITEHEAD ROAD, TRENTON 4, N. J. RUBBERHIDE COMPANY, INC. 715 Whitehead Rd., Trenton 4, N. J. DATE.................... Please ship following "RUBBERHIDE" Safety innersoles, at $2.25 pair, prepaid. (Give Number of Pairs of Each Size Wanted! Company........................................... .................... Address............................................................. City........... ................... .................. Zone......... Charge Check Attached St . S*"d C O D. National Safety News, March, 1954 153 Sector? 4--Personal Protection Safety Clothing SAFE CLOTHING may be any type of clothing that is clean, in good repair and suitable for the job. Most garments offer some protection against minor hazards. Safety clothing refers to specific garments designed for certain haz ardous jobs where ordinary work clothes do not provide sufficient pro tection. Proper fitting is essential in all work clothing. Long, loose sleeves and neckties may get caught in ma chinery. Trouser cuffs may cause tripping. Clothing soaked in oil or flam mable solvent is ignited easily. Both flammable and non-flammable sol vents may cause skin irritation. Cleanliness is also an important aid to morale. Laundered overalls, coveralls, aprons, smocks, and other garments are furnished by companies for oc cupations where extreme cleanliness is necessary because of the product or because of health-hazardous processes. Exposures that require special protective garments include mois ture, high temperatures, hot or cor rosive substances, flying particles, sharp or rough edges, etc. See chart on page 108 for types of garments and materials for various hazards. The following are essential in all work clothes: 1. Adequate protection. 2. Comfort and freedom of move ment. 3. Durability. 4. Appearance. Flameproofed garments resist hot sparks thrown off by scarfing: torches. Appearance of clothing is particu larly important with women em ployees but men are not indifferent to it. Standards. Specifications estab lished by the Federal Government have provided widely used standards for many years. During the war the American Standards Association ap proved a series of War Standards for Protective Occupational Clothing --Series L18. These are still accepted standards. Specifications cover protection against sparks, molten metal, infra red and ultra-violet rays, and limit ed impact forces. Details of pat tern, design, workmanship and range of sizes are also included. Protective Materials Asbestos is preferred for protec tion against intense heat and flame. Many garments are made of this ma terial, including complete suits for fire-fighting and rescue work. Airplane crash fires have focused attention on protection for fire fighters and rescue crews. These suits use not only insulating material against conductive heat but also a radiation barrier of reflective ma terial, such as aluminum foil. Suits of this type have been developed by the U. S. Air Force. Wool clothing should be worn under asbestos garments where in tense heat is encountered. Leather of various grades is used for protective garments. Chrometanned leather affords protection from sparks, molten metal splashes, and infra-red and ultra-violet rays. Leather, however, deteriorates under continued exposure to heat. For severe exposure, asbestos should be used. Leather provides protection against limited impact. Padded leather or fabric aprons and hard fiber or metal protectors for the abdomen absorb much of the force of hard blows. Leather reinforced by metal stitching or wire staples is resistant to cuts and abrasion. Impervious materials of many types provide protection against dust, vapors, mists, moisture and corrosive liquids. They are useful in handling materials which would cause dermatitis or burns. This type of material includes rubber, neo prene and vinyl films and fabric coated with them. What the safely dressed construction worker should wear is modeled at Car. negie Institute, Pittsburgh in an exhibit of medieval safety armor and modern safety armor. Equipment was supplied by Dravo Oorp. whose safety director, Gerard O, Griflin, is adjusting life belt on model. Other equipment includes safety shoes, protective gloves, eye shield and hard hat. Rubber Is widely used because It resists acids, caustics and other cor rosive substances. Garments of rub berized fabric are used when han dling low concentrations of acids and non-caustic liquids and for pro tection against weather. Rubber's high dielectric strength makes it useful for protective equipment where electricity is used. Neoprene has numerous applica tions in safety equipment. It forms a tough durable film resistant to oils, solvents, acids and alkalis. It has high dielectric strength. Flame-resistant duck, a light weight fabric, is quite strong and will outwear ordinary material used in work clothes. For protection against extreme heat, asbestos should be used. Water-resistant duck is recom mended in exposures to water and non-corrosive liquids. It combines strength and durability with light weight. Vinyl plastic has many uses in safety equipment. For some gar ments the plastic is rolled or cal endered onto fabric. For others the strong pliable film is used without backing. Synthetic fabrics, such as dynel, orlon and vinyon, are used for du rable work clothing. These fabrics resist acids, caustics, mildew, abra- --To page 161 154 National Safety News, March, >954 Section 4--Personal Protection DUSTRIAL HEALTH Abstracts of current literature on Industrial Hygiene, Medicine, and Nursing BY F. A. VAN ATTA Industrial Department, NSC fuberculosis in Industry tuberculosis Control in Industry, by garold A. Vonachen, M.D., Milton H. Cronenberg, M.D., and Dan Morse, |H.D. Industrial Medicine and Surgery 23:9-12 (January, 1954). Tuberculosis control in industry is of importance chiefly because the industry is usually located in the urban areas where the incidence of tuberculosis is usually relatively high and where there is, consequent ly, the maximum probability of get ting employees with undiscovered cases of active tuberculosis. Since the X-ray is the only effec tive way of finding tuberculosis cases, pre-employment X-rays should be used on all prospective employees. This should be done both as a protection to fellow work ers who will be protected from con tagious disease, as a protection to the company and the insurance com panies. and, finally, as a protection to the prospective employee who has a chance to have his case diagnosed and gotten under treatment while it is still in a minimal and curable stage. At the Caterpillar Tractor Com pany. between 1947 and 1952, 65 oases of active tuberculosis and 10 cases of pieurai effusion were dis covered in just under 65,000 pre employment X-rays, fn addition to these, there were discovered 103 ar rested and inactive cases of tuber culosis and 22 cases which required further diagnostic procedures. All of the 103 arrested cases and most of the 22 suspected cases were permitted to work in the company but they were kept under medical supervision and kept out of types of employment which would be apt to cause a flare-up of their tuberculo sis. They were also required to have periodic X-rays throughout the pe riod of employment. To check up on the possible cases of tuberculosis developing within the group of employees, it would be de sirable to have annual X-rays. This is being done in some industries but National Safety News, March, 19S4 not in all. In Peoria, the State Health Department has provided mass X-ray surveys from time to time, and Caterpillar employees have had an opportunity to be X-rayed in 1944, 1947, and 1951. In the 1944 survey, 22 active cases of tuberculosis were found among 13.000 employees; in 1947, there were 2 cases among 16,000 employees; and in 1951, one case among 23,000 em- plovees who volunteered to have an X-ray. The 23,000 X-rayed in 1951 represented 96^ of all the available personnel. Caterpillar cases of tuberculosis have shown a greater decrease than in other industries in the same area who also have the mass X-ray sur veys. The reason for this is probably the pre-employment X-rays which Caterpillar has had since late in 1945. When X-ray surveys are made, there should be no reluctance to hire inactive and arrested cases of tuberculosis. Such a refusal to hire people who have been in the tuber culosis sanitarium has long been one of the most severe handicaps in tuberculosis control. Of the 103 ar rested and inactive tuberculosis cases hired by Caterpillar over the six year period, only 3 have broken down and all of these have been off temporarily and then returned to work. One reason for this is the highly organized rehabilitation departments now existing in the Peoria area which gets people ready to go to work prior to being discharged from the sanitarium and the sheltered work shop where they start out on a restricted schedule of activ 'y and work up to the ability to do a full day's work. An effective job placement sys tem is of the greatest importance in handling arrested cases of tubercu losis. They should not be where there is excessive dust from any cause, whether or not it is silica dust and they should not be expected to do heavy lifting, pushing or pulling, or any other heavy labor, although really heavy labor has almost dis appeared from most large industries. It is necessary that they' not be transferred from job to job without consulting the medical department. The finsil part of a good tuberculo sis control program is tuberculosis health education for all employees. There should be pamphlets available for employees and occasional articles on tuberculosis control in the plant publication and materials available through the local tuberculosis con trol association should be distributed by the management and posted on bulletin boards from time to time. Cases of tuberculosis found either in mass surveys or in pre-employ ment surveys should, of course, be reported to the local community tuberculosis control associations and every effort should be expanded to get them under observation and treatment as soon as possible. Labor's Medical Plans Union Health Centers, by the Com mittee on Medical Care for Industrial Workers of the Council on Medical Service and the Council on Industrial Health of the American Medical Asso ciation. The Journal of the American Medical Association 154:361-363 (Jan uary 23, 1954). Union health centers are a com paratively recent development in the United States, although the earliest one, that of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union in New York City was organized in 1913 This was the only union health plan in existence for about 25 years. The present rather large union interest in health plans arose in 1942 when the price and wage freeze attendant on World War II essentially altered the wage increases, but increased benefits for workers in the form of health and welfare services. These services could be added on to the extent of not more than five per cent of the payroll. The interest in health plans has remained active even since the wage controls have been discontinued. --To page 161 ISS ashlin's^* SAFETY EQUIPMENT Chippewa.Boot--6 to II ,_3 with'16" fop. With or wS$l Packing. Stock. lth^ Tool Bolt with or with out holster with tap* sling, ham- mo r loop, snap. Stock. Tool Buckets -Canvas, fi- , bro top. loath- or bottom 12" , 16" Oopth. Chan-Kel-lock gripping tongue Stock. and groove Pliers. Stock. Vacuum .Grip Pliers perfect balance easy cutting. Stock. Safety Straps--24 Styles Finest Leather, . Bashlin Craftsman ship. Stock. Clear Grip-- Base E Grip PliOr Handles. 9"--8"-- 7"--6"--420PUerf. Stock W. M. BASHLIN COMPANY GROVE CITY 3, PA. INSURE YOUR SAFETY with... Millet EQUIPMENT NO, 6119 4ES MAINTENANCE MAN'S BELT New Miller Safety Snap completely eliminates the hazards of "ROLL OUTS." and "HANG UPS" without any spe cial operations or extra gadgets. R SERIES SAFETY STRAPS NO. HINT CHEMICAL WORKER'S BELT a Mdl&i original NO. 2MC WEB BODY BELT NO. 406 WINDOW CLEANER'S BELT NO. 6-7-8 NEVER-SLIP PLIER GRIPS NO. 21W BOLT AND NUT BAG Milled EQUIPMENT CO. INC. is* L SERIES SAFETY STRAPS WRITE FOR CATALOG ON COMPLETE LINE Thirteenth Ave., FRANKLIN, PA. IN CANADA: SAFETY SUPPLY CO,, TORONTO National Safety News, March, 1954 NEOPRENE SOIK Section 4--Personal Protection add smart appearance and long wear to "Black Beauty" safety oxfords by * Courtesy: Iron Age Division H. Childs & Co., Inc. Pittsburgh, Penna. With their trim neoprene soles and glistening black dress leather uppers, "Black Beauty" oxfords live up to their name in appearance . . . and make a name for themselves on the job. Steel toes, storm welts, and stitching of "Dacron"* give lasting safety and comfort. And the sturdy neoprene soles take the roughest duty in stride. There's a strong sales story in the durability of neo prene soles. They provide a high degree of abrasion re sistance. And, because they resist deterioration from heat, oils, greases, and most chemicals, they retain their re sistance to abrasion giving long-lasting service. Through the most rugged conditions, neoprene soles remain firm and tough . . . flexible and resilient . . . cushion and sup port the foot with every step. Safety shoes.today Eire leading a double life--as work shoes and street shoes. No wonder so many designers ; iccify Du Pont neoprene for soles that wear longer, look neater and sell better. *I)u Font's registered trade-mark for its polyester liber DU PONT NEOPRENE Tht rubber made by Du Pont since 1932 RtG.U.S.PAT.Off. BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING National Safety News, March, 1954 THROUGH CHEMISTRY SEND FOR FREE BOOKLET E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. (Inc.) Rubber Chemicals Division NS-3, Wilmington 98, Del. Please send me your booklet which contains information about neoprene soles... descriptions of neoprene's unusual properties and superior qualities. Name_ Position. Firm Address. 157 Section 4--Personal Protection Do you hove a "Pet" We will immediately de sign or duplicate any belt in any quantity to your exact needs. ! Submit your sketches and ! specs to: INDUSTRIAL SAFETY BELT CORPORATION SI CHATHAM ST. PITTSBURGH, PENNA. 58 Safety Belts --From page 150 Leather 14 inch thick and lh2 inches wide will have an ultimate strength of about 500 pounds. This is adequate for lifting a man out of a tank or bin. Webbing will stand more heat than leather, and when soaked in water will dry out in its natural condition. Friction buckles can be used with webbing, avoiding the loss of strength at buckle holes. Belts intended to check a fall de mand strength proportionate to the possible distance of fall and weight of body. A 2" by U" leather belt would probably arrest the fall of a window washer at 6 feet. It might break at a 10-foot fall. For a comfortable margin of safety, a window cleaner's leather belt should be at least 3" by '4". or the equivalent. Special types of webbing are avail able for certain uses. It can be wax treated to resist paint and mildew. For the chemical and petroleum in dustries webbing impregnated with neoprene resists acid conditions. Quick release from a safety belt may be desirable in case of tire. Petroleum workers, for instance, use belts with a quick release buckle which can be disengaged instantly by a single motion of the hand. Belts for some occupations contain loops and pockets for light tools. Collapsible canvas tool buckets are also needed on some jobs so the worker may have his hands free while climbing. Edge tools should be protected by guards while being car ried. Shock absorbers incorpomv.i n harness and lanyards reduce 'he severity of impact. This -.s both the possibility of injui\ hie wearer and failure of the c; , . nt. Lanyards. A `a-inch has an ultimate strength. 2,600 pounds. Nylon rope is sonic stretchy than manila v. it to absorb shock and It has high tensile stn dry, is tough, flexible. easy to handle--is reseture and mildew and wet. Unoiyn, another s\ ne a ,. i ; National Safety N*rv*. ' - .| Section 4--Personol Protection W. H. SALISBURY & CO. MORGAN AT KXNZIE STREETS * est. isss CHICAGO 22, ILLINOIS MANUFACTURERS OF RUBBER PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR LINEMEN AND OTHER HIGH VOLTAGE WORKERS INTERLOCKING LINE HOSE Completely surrounds the wire .yrth a thick wall of rubber hav ing high dielectric strength. Locks itself in place but is easy to apply or remove. Sizes: V, 1", lU", I'/z" inside diameter. Lengths: 3`. 4>/4'. 6'. RUBBER INSULATOR HOODS Used in conjunction with Line Hose to cover conductors as they pass over insulators. Inward ex tending flanges prevent acciden tal dislodgement. Compact con struction. Convenient to handle. CONNECTOR-END LINE HOSE Standard Line Hose with built-on connector-end for joining to ad ditional lengths or for covering enlarged wire taps, leads on stud type transformers, etc. Sizes same as standard line hose. LINEMEN'S RUBBER BLANKETS Indispensable for covering odd shaped equipment. Made of best grade rubber with long-life and high dielectric qualities. Sizes 36"x36" and 36"x27". Also avail able with "Snap-Button'' and eye lets. SNAP-BUTTON RUBBER JACKETS Highest quality small size rubber blanket, 22"x22", equipped with Salisbury hard rubber button fasteners and used to cover dead ends or other similar hazards that require securely fastened protection. LINEMEN'S TOOL BAGS Non-metallic can vas bags properly shaped and con structed for safety in. raising heavy tools and supplies to men on poles or other elevated places. Sizes 8"x 14" or 12"xl6" for tools and 7"x48" for line hose. LINEMEN'S LINEMEN'S RUBBER SLEEVES RUBBER GLOVES Protect the arms and shoulders from acci dental contact with "hot" equipment. Held in place by adjust able rubber strap across the shoulders. Made in chromium plated molds to insure high voltage resist ance, smooth surface and long life. Regular and extra Iarqe sizes. NON-SPILLABLE P. B. COMPOUND POTS Best grade steamcured gloves, care fully made to meet all standard specifi cations. Furnished in curved or straight finger style. Stand ard gloves are rated at 10,000 volts. 16"- 18" Igths.;' 1S.OOO or 20,000 volt gloves are available, and half sizes from 9 to 12. Provide a safe and convenient means to carry insulating paint and brush. Be ing made of semihard synthetic rub ber, they are non conducting, nonbreakable and are unaffected by the usual P. B. com pound used. LINEMEN'S GLOVE BAGS RUBBERCUFF PROTECTOR GLOVES Similar to our standard all- leather protector glove with the addition of a fulllength molded rubber cuff. Rub ber cuffs do not increase current creepage to the forearm. They prevent costly snags in gauntlets of linemen's rubber gloves which are required to extend beyond ordinary leather protectors. Fur nished in several sizes to fit perfectly over rubber gloves. Necessary for glove protection in storage and transportation and useful, when properly labeled, for personal identification. Made of heavy waterproof duck, sturdy and durable. Snap hook and "D" ring attached. Size 8" wide, 15" long. ALL-LEATHER PROTECTOR GLOVES Worn over rub ber gloves to pro tect them from injury. Made of specially tanned Grade ''A'' buffed horsehide and carefully designed to fit perfectly over rub ber gloves. Soft and pliable un der all conditions. Do not become slippery when wet. Band-top or gauntlet styles. All sizes. A DEVICE FOR EVERY ELECTRICAL HAZARD SWITCHBOARD MATTING Made especially to provide insu lation from pos sible ground in front of switch boards or pother [electrical iequipment. Rated at 40,000 volts and meets the A. S. T. M. specifica tions. Widths 24", 30", 36", 48". Any length. National Safety News, March, 1954 MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT Static Resisting Rain Coats Electric All-Rubber Rain Coats Industrial Rubber Rain Coats Linemen's Rubber Boots Linemen's RubberHats Cotton Liner Gloves Marshall Tagging Device Elbow Length Sleeves Slotted Side Blankets All-Rubber Cable Bandages Blanket Canisters Blanket Clamp Pins Linemen's Sleeve Containers Cable End Test Caps and Separators SEND FOR CATALOG L-4 * ELECTRICIAN'S INSULATING STOOLS Designed to provide a sale, low platform for men with hazardous tasks in substations, underground vaults and power plants. Size 18" xI2''x8" high. Guaranteed. 159 Section 4--Personal Protection \ has shown remarkable ability e absorbing impact force. It elonga*/ with constant resistance up to times the original length. Howevef' after being subjected to severe sWj it will not return to its origi^ length and should not be used agajj, I Care of Belts i Dust should be brushed off care, fully so as not to scratch the belt, ^ leather belt should then be washed 1 with warm water and saddle soap 0f ( castile soap. It should be rinsed ^ Regular cleaning and oiling prolongs the life of safety belts. 5233 K!ein-Kord Safety Strap Also Available in Nylon If you've ever been up on a pole fifty feet off the ground--you know why the lineman prefers equipment bearing the familiar Klein trade mark. For instance-- Klein Climbers take him up and down in safety --provide sure footing while he works. Klein-Kord Safety Straps provide maximum safety on every job the red center unmistakably sig nals when the strap should be replaced. Klein-Line Tool Belts give the safety, comfort and convenience necessary for fast, efficient work. Klein Pliers help linemen to do any wiring job better and quicker. Yes, Kleins are the year-round favorites for safety and service--made by a company with a reputation for quality "Since 1857." ASK YOUR SUPPLIER Foreign Distributor: International Standard Electric Corp., New York 1628-3BH Klein Chicago Grip If you have not received your copy of the Klein Pocket Tool Guide, write for one. It will he sent to you without obligation. "Since 1857' KKLLEEIINN,"ffl V'V Mathias & Sons 3200 BELMONT AVE , CHICAGO 18, ILL clean warm water and allowed to dry in room temperature. Leather belts should be treated with neatsfoot, castor, soybean or a compound oil, to prevent drying out, not a mineral oil. Leather should never be exposed to excessive heat. Webbing belts may be washed in soapy water, rinsed and dried by moderate heat. They are not dam aged by any temperature up to the boiling point of water. The manufac turer of the belt should be consulted about the dressing. Belts should be inspected before use by the employees wearing them. Every one to three months they should be carefully inspected by a trained individual. Leather belts must be watched carefully for cuts or scratches on the skin side of the hide. A deep cut on the skin side warrants condemning the belt. Fabric belts should not be used if the outer plies are cut or worn through. All belt hardware should be checked and replaced if it shows signs of wear. If the belt is riveted, each rivet should be examined sepa rately. Life lines should be washed with mild soap and water and dried in circulating air. They should not be exposed to high temperatures. Rope should be kept in open coils and never bent sharply. 160 National Safety News, March, 1954 jofety Clothing ,,from, page 154 sion and tearing. They stand up well under repeated laundering. Aluminized duck and drill are used for garments where radiated jjeat is a problem. Flameproofing for cotton garments js desirable in some occupations, ffewer flameproofing materials are said to withstand repeated launder ings. Welder's Clothing Protective clothing is as much a part of the arc welder's equipment as the helmet and goggles. Cotton shirts and dungarees worn in warm weather can be ignited quite easily. Garments of chrome-tanned leather may prevent serious bums. Welders' leather garments include overalls, pants, chaps, aprons, jack ets, sleeves, gloves, mittens and spats. Garments should be of good qual ity leather, solidly constructed. Fastenings must prevent gaping and should be so designed that the wearer can get out of the garment quickly. There should be no turnedup cuffs or other projections to catch hot metal. Pockets should be equipped with flaps. Industrial Health --From page 155 Some 16 million industrial workers are now provided with health and welfare benefits of some sort, mostly through the usual insurance proce dures. The major exception to the insurance procedures is the plan of the United Mine Workers of Amer ica, which pays physicians and hos pitals directly for their services to the members, and the various union health centers which mostly provide diagnostic services for union mem bers and, in some instances, for their dependents. This committee report describes 12 of the centers and goes into consid erable detail of their organization and operation. They include both CIO and AF of L unions and are located throughout the United States, although mostly in the east and middle west. The committee re port is simply a classification of the plans according to history, member ship, objectives, facilities, financing, budget and operating costs, admin Section 4--Personal Protection istration, business and professional personnel, benefits and preventive medical aspects of the service. No attempt is made to evaluate the plans in any way at this time.. The International Ladies Garment Workers Union Health Centers has a number of branches throughout the country, of which six are* in cluded in this report. The only other one which has branches is the Sid ney Hillman Centers in New York and Philadelphia. The others are the American Federation of Labor Med ical Service Plan in Philadelphia, the Labor Health Institute in St. Louis, the Hotel Trades Health Cen ter in New York and the United Auto Workers Health Institute in Detroit. After the founding of the Inter national Ladies Garment Workers Health Center in 1913, the next de velopment was the United Automo bile Workers Health Institute started in 1942. Half of the total plans were founded in 1950, 1951 and 1952. The International Ladies Garment Workers Union Health Center was also unique in that it was originally financed entirely by the contribu tions of the union members. Em ployer contributions were brought in gradually by collective bargain- National Safely News, March, 1954 THE SOLUTION TO AN OLD INDUSTRIAL PROBLEM Gn^ja^DenmaMi VEREX--a generel purpose barrier cream widely used in both the office and the plant in the mechanical, toxtila, ehamieal, rubber and process industries--protecting the skin against coolants, dirt, grease, inks, cement, sulphur, dust, carbon black, etc. Protects against casual contact with poison ivy. Soothing to the skin. Washes off with soap and water. CLEREX--a gel which protects the skin against organic solvents. Forms a continu ous, strong elastic skin-adherent film which does not interfere with tactile sensation. The film is insoluble in all anhydrous organic solvents, such as the hydrocarbons (benzine, benzol, toluene, gasoline, varsol, turpentine, kerosene, solvent naphthe), the chlorinated hydrocarbons, nitriles, and the polymerizable monomers (styrene, acrylonitrile, and unsat urated esters for producing polyester resins). Used in making and using paints, varnishes, plastics, polyester resin--fiber-glass compo sitions, lacquers, inks, and in metal degreas ing using trjchlorethylene. Washes off with soap and water. H-R CREAM is a modification of CLEREX (having a vanishing cream base) also used for solvent protection. HrDREm-A is a protective cream which forms a film on the skin, protecting if against water solutions. A plasticized ethyl cellu lose-castor oil composition in a vanishing cream base, it adheres to the skin in spite of washing with soap, detergents and water. It resists weak acids, alkalis, aldehydes and water solutions of salt and other water sol uble compounds. It may stay on the skin for long periods if desired--without removal. Easily removable by an alcohol solution-- HYDREPEL REMOVER. HYDREPEL-S is a protective composition useful against more severe exposure than HYDREPEL-A. Hare a plasticized ethyl cel lulose-castor oil composition in a vanishing cream base is combined with a suitable silicone oil to reinforce its resistance to a variety of reagents. Because of greater cost, recommended only where HYDREPELA does not meet required exposure condi tions. Easily removable with HYDREPEL REMOVER. HYGIENE RESEARCH INC. 2704 South Hill St., los Angeles 7, Calif. 684 Broadway, New York 12, N. Y. literature and Samples on request. Write Dept. N54-I. 161 Section 4--Personal Protection IF YOUR EXPOSUREj IS HIGHLY IRRITATING SOLVENTS It's a proven fact. Actual tests show Ply No. 9 Gel effective against chemicals causing dread Dermatitis. This non-irritating gel, developed and thoroughly tested over a period of years under actual working hazards, is completely transparent, spreads easily and becomes invisible on the skin. Ply No. 9 Gel contains the ingredient "Milbex" to prevent spotting or corroding of highly finished metals due to acid de posits from perspiration or any moisture caused by handling. With Ply No. 9 Gel the worker no longer need fear the most commonly used acids, resins and solvents. Whatever the hazard, Milburn has developed a specific Ply Cream to combat it. | i ; WRITE FOR THIS VALUABLE BOOK! A****1 SPECIFY PLYGLOV FOR 10 TIMES THE WEAR Plyglovs can reduce your work glove costs as much as 75% -- will outwear up to 10 ordinary pairs. Plastic coated to protect hands from industrial liquids. THE MILBURN CO.^p <PL Y DETROIT 7, MICH. ^Jy y The Standard of Per fet tian ,n Protection ing through the years. Most of the other centers are financed in whole or in large part by contributions from the employers. The Labor Health Institute of the United Auto Workers is now unique in that it is the only union health plan which receives no contributions from man agement. In all of the centers, with the ex ception of the Labor Health Institute, the union membership is equivalent to health center membership. In the Labor Health Institute, eligibility includes both the workmen and their dependents, and their dependents are not yet covered by collective bargaining agreements. In this in stance, the number of members en rolled represents only about half of those eligible. Among the 12 union health cen ters studied, 317 union locals, of which 170 are in the Labor Health Institute, are represented and the members covered number 703,324. The number of members actually seen at a center during a year gen erally ranges between a third and a quarter of the members with the extreme range being between the International Ladies Garment Workers Union center in Minne apolis, which served nearly half of its members in 1952, and the United Automobile Workers Labor Health Institute which served only 22 per cent of its eligible members during a year. The centers usually emphasize di agnostic services for ambulatory patients and some treatment in clinics for ambulatory patients. The Hotel Trades Health Center includes hospital services and the Labor Health Institute provides hospital service and some home care. It is obvious from the buildings and equipment which have been put into these centers that an earnest attempt is being made to provide the most modern and complete fa cilities for good clinical service. The centers are generally well equipped and housed in space adequate to, the number served. The United Automobile Workers Health Institute is financed by a flat rate per member levied on the local unions, the rate decreasing as the distance of the local from the insti tute increases. This center has no year to year limitation on expendi tures but the other union health cen ter plans operate on a budget basis. This budget varies from one to five per cent of the total payroll of the locals involved. Some of the plans have a reserve fund and the others are generally planning one as soon as their initial indebtedness U 1 off. N| Four of the 12 centers stu,. I have only union representative^! their boards of directors. The j ^ 1 maining centers have both union ^ I management represented on ^ boards of director and the LaL' 1 Health Institute is unique in that I addition to management and uni"1 1 board members, it also has two p,,^ | lie representatives on a 25 mem|)' 1 board which elects a six menthf t executive committee to operate th, institute. Each of the centers has medical director for medical ministrations and most of thetn have business managers, either 0t) a full or part time basis. On the average, one office worker is em. ployed in the center for each I20q members. Most of the physicians are on a part time basis. The largest staff of full time physicians is at the New York International Ladies Garment Workers Union center which has 10, Few of the others have more than one full time medical practitioner in addition to the medical director. Payments to the physicians are usu ally a flat rate per hour, although several have graduated schedules of fees, depending upon the length of service at the center, and one has different rates for general practi tioners and for specialists. The primary objective of all of the centers is to provide a complete ambulatory diagnostic service. The completeness varies, of course, with the size of the center. A few of the centers provide some therapeutic care and some are planning or pro viding some hospital service. Several of the centers operate their own pharmacies and prepare prescriptions at cost or at a reduced rate. All of the centers cooperate with the members' private physi cians in sending them reports on tests or examinations and several have invited local physicians to use their diagnostic facilities. All of them are interested in preventive care, the method varying with the resources of the center. All the cen ters emphasize the importance of regular check-ups and one is ex perimenting with multiple screening and with a mobile unit for visiting the various plants. So far the centers are usually on an insurance basis, but the Union Health Centers are gaining, pri marily on the basis of the argument of the high cost of medical care and the exclusion of diagnostic services from most medical insurance pol icies. The centers concentrate on diagnosis, but expansion has in- 162 National Safely News, March, I9S4 Section 4--Personal Protection B RE CK FOUR WAYS TO PROTECT SKIN FROM INDUSTRIAL DERMATITIS BRECK pH 7 PROTECTIVE CREAM protects the hands against irritants such as lubricating oils, cutting compounds, tar, greases, rubber dust, aromatic and hydrocarbon solvents, fiberglass, paint and iron dust. It forms a non-sticky, invisible him over the skin. Breck pH7 Protective Cream is easily applied. It is easily removed with Breck Hand Cleaner or soap and water. BRECK WATER RESISTANT CREAM protects the skin against the action of water and water solutions such as liquid coolants, emulsified cutting oils, mist and spray from alkali baths and plating solutions, cement and lime. It covers the skin with a light, protective film which is not slippery or sticky. Breck Water Resistant ('ream has a pH value of 8. BRECK HAND CLEANER helps eliminate the use of harsh, gritty, highly alkaline or defat ting hand cleaners. It does a thorough cleansing job, yet is mild and non-irritating to the skin. BRECK WORK CREAM is used after exposure to degreasing materials and at the end of a day's work. It substitutes fatty materials for the natural skin oils which have been removed. In this way Breck Work Cream helps keep the hands smooth, pliable and lubricated. A Breck Industrial Preparations Booklet iljgji will be forwarded to you upon request. IoHN 'KW H BRECK VoR K INC . WAX UP AC CURING 0 H E M I a T a . SPRINGFIELD t M AaaACH CaE I I a CHIC AGO SAN FRANCISCO 0TT A WA C A N A ll A t- tost 163 eluded treatment in the home and possibly in the hospital and may go further in that direction. One of the major problems at the moment for most of them is insuf ficient utilization, partly because of difficulty in visiting the center dur ing working hours. Several of the centers are planning to permit or do permit the members' families to use the center in oi'der to increase utilization. A New Occupation in Wise Owl Club Safety, like politics, makes strange bedfellows. The Wise Owl Club, in dustrial eye safety organization, has just enrolled its first rat poisoner. Membership in the Wise Owl Club, sponsored by the National Society for the Prevention of Blindness, is open to workers who have actually saved their eyesight by having worn proper eye protection when other wise blinding accidents took place. Most members qualify at drills, presses, lathes or other machines of movement. Early this year, however, when F'ranklin Delano Rosa was removing prebait stations from a stone wall at the Lihue Plantations, Kauai, Terri tory of Hawaii, a stone loosened and he pitched forward, head foremost. The safety goggles he was wearing struck against a sharp protruding rock and saved him from what Koon Ye Ching, plantation director, says would certainly have been lost vision. James E. O'Neil, director of in dustrial services for the National Society for the Prevention of Blind ness, enrolled Rosa as the 5,123rd Wise Owl. Details concerning estab lishing a Wise Owl chapter may be obtained by writing Mr. O'Neil at the National Society's headquarters, 1790 Broadway, New York 19. High Voltage Equipment Special tools and protective equip ment have been developed for line men and generating station employ ees. Operating conditions vary but certain items are standard. Tools used near energized equip ment should be designed for the job and insulated to minimize the dan ger of short circuits in the equipment and shock to the operator. Insula tion on tools alone, however, is not adequate protection near high volt ages. Items in common use inclUcj? Linemen's rubber gloves I Leather protector gloves I Rubber line hose and blankets 1 Linemen's line hose and safety I Climbers SV*I Rubber coats 1 Tool pouches Tool buckets | 1 Fuse pullers I Switch sticks | Insulated stools Switchboard mats Regular and thorough inspect! should be provided for all prote(!t'1'4 equipment. Any article found < fective should be replaced imm^ : ately. ''! Brooms, brushes and other clegj ing equipment used around etier gized equipment should be free metal. Insulating handles of tool, should be kept clean and dry an(j only non-conducting preservative* used on them. Metal ladders should not be used in such locations. In emergencies where areas arc wet, wood platforms, insulated stools or rubber boots should be worn by maintenance workers. See Specifications for Rubber Praterfive Equipment for Electrical Worker* ASA Series J6. Help to Prevent Wasteful Absenteeism and Costly Compensation Claims Guard Workers' Skin with PRACTI-KREME or Packed in 8 and 16 ft. ox. jars and 1 and 6 gal. cans. PHLO Writ* for tost samplos and fro* literature. Packed to 8 and 16 ft. ox. jars and t gal. cam. By keeping the skin clean, Practi-Kreme checks dermatitis before it starts. When applied before exposure it provides a flexible, fat-based coating over the skin; excludes paints, solvents, resins, dusts and other non-water based irritants. Then, mois tened and rubbed to a lather after work, PractiKreme cleans soil out of deep pores, leaves nothing to irritate on the skin surface. Depend on PRACTIKREME ... an effective skin protector and cleaner for over fifteen years. New Phlo, the neutral skin protector is now fortified with silicones. This cream is a mild protector rich in lanolin -- pure white and smooth -- for workers not requiring the double-duty cleansing action of Practi-Kreme. Phlo just as effectively bars bac teria, irritants and soil. Allows normal skin breath ing, protects without clogging. And new Phlo partakes of the fine qualities of magic silicones water-repellency, adhesiveness, non-toxic ami m >n sensitizing chemical inertness. Try it . . . you'll be convinced that new PHLO should be in d.ulv . at your plant. CHEMICAL SPECIALTIES, INC. 54 Waltham Avenue Springfield 9, Mass. 144 National Safety News ** *$* T PROTECTS HANDS AGAINST OIL: GREASE, GRIME, PAINT Saves Job Time Du pm `noser ms aw an invisible work glove Protect workers' hands--reduce time costs with Du Pont "PRO-TEK." This hand cream shields the skin against grease, grime, paint and insolu ble cutting oils. It's easily rubbed on hands and arms by workers before starting the job. At washup time, "PRO-TEK" washes off quickly, clean ly with plain water--takes all the grime along. It saves job time . . . maintains production effi ciency . . . and boosts morale. Contact your supplier now for Du Pont "PRO-TEK." Or write to E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. (Inc.). Wilmington 98, Del. EBM TtO.U-S.PAr.OTf. PIT TIB THINGS TOR BITTER LIVING THK OUCH CHE MIS I M Y PRO-T HAND PROTECTIVE Guard those breadwinning hands with CADET HAND-SAVER, the famous "invisible work gloves"-- CADET HANDY, the safe waterless hand cleanser--and CADET SEALSKIN that provides safe waterproof insulation against many dangerous solutions. Write for descriptive folders showing many uses of these safety products at home, in your car, at work. Dept. N-3, CADET LABORATORIES National Safotv Nows, Match, 1954 Section 4--Persona) Protection Gloves Solve "Burning Problem" When things got too hot to handle at the Heintz Manufacturing Com pany's metal stamping plant in Philadelphia, they did what many another company has done when confronted with an accident prob lem--they called on a manufacturer for advice. Heintz found that workmen were receiving minor burns through can vas work gloves while handling formed metal parts. While few burns were serious enough to cause lost time, they wrere reducing press shop efficiency. Since canvas gloves were not providing adequate protection, Heintz tried asbestos gloves. They prevented burns but did not stand up under rough use. Then Heintz called on a Philadel phia glove manufacturer. C. Walker Jones Company. They recommended a heavy duty type of hot mill glove. The material is a thick, twisted loop pile fabric, resembling turkish tow eling, which owes its insulating qualities to thousands of tiny air cells. Tests showed that gloves of this material would prevent burns in most of the operations. They also had a cushioning effect against rough and sharp objects. And with extra heat-resisting lining they offered good protection in operations where intense heat was generated. It was also found that the twisted loop pile fabric gave far greater wear than asbestos. Although they cost twice as much as ordinary can vas gloves they wore four times as long. Processing from 1,000 to 1,500 tons of steel per week, Heintz protects some 3,800 employees from hand, finger and forearm injuries. More than a dozen types of gloves are purchased, in addition to finger guards, hand pads, and arm guards. Each job analysis designates safety requirements for the job. Heintz found that twisted pile fabric gloves can be reconditioned from three to six times. Reversible gloves, any two of which make a pair, offer economies in mundition- ing since no time is wasted matching gloves. Reversible glme- give longer service than -.rcie palm gloves. In industries where protec tion is a problem, 'he , 'ice of furnishing work glo\e- . ployees without cost is grounv cn em ployees buy their tran . mlency is to buy the cheapo-' v-mit re gard to protection ibility. 1S5 Section A--Personal Protection Find Fatigue Cures THEBE ARE on-the-job cures for the tired feeling that sometimes comes at the end of the day's work. Industry is finding them with medi cal research and engineering know how, Dr. Lucien Brouha of Du Pont's Haskell Laboratory recently told the conference of the Society for the Advancement of Management and the Management Division of the So ciety of Mechanical Engineers. Research has made it possible to evaluate and classify many jobs ac cording to fatigue potential and the physiologist can do this without cumbersome equipment. Increases in an individual's pulse rate and temperature following muscular ex ertion and the time it takes these reactions to start back toward nor mal levels can be relied upon to measure the amount of physical stress caused by work and the fa tigue it induces. When the plant physiologist starts to ferret out fatigue and its causes on a particular job, he records the pulse rate of workers at rest three times at one-minute intervals, im mediately following the work period. He determines pulse increases caused by exertion and the rates at which the pulse returns toward '`resting levels." Body temperatures are measured during the same fourminute rest period. Whenever a change in job prac tices is made, heart rate and body temperature measurements can be used to determine whether the mod ifications have been effective in re ducing stress of the work, Dr. Brouha observed. Similar studies, which indicate physical aptitudes for certain kinds of work, have assisted in selection of employees. And it has been pos sible to evaluate the relation to fa tigue of age and sex of the workers, their state of nutrition, and exposure to certain toxic chemicals. "Failure to drink plenty of cool water in hot weather promotes fa tigue and, moreover, a man's thirst is not a reliable indicator of how much water he needs," Dr. Brouha said. Physiological tests have been used to determine amounts of water work ers required to replenish body fluids lost through perspiration. Workers then have trained themselves to drink fixed amounts at regular in tervals, much as a sick man with a fever "forces" liquids. Men working in hot areas who did not drink enough water have run temporary "fevers" of 100 F. and higher. The procedure is repeated through out the working shift. If average rise in pulse and temperature is found to be progressive or if re covery to "resting level" is too slow at any time during the shift, the physician knows that something about job activity or working con ditions is causing employees to draw too heavily upon physical reserves. On some jobs, fatigue has been reduced by lowering heat and hu midity, by increasing ventilation and by evolving a schedule of rest pe riods adequately spaced and of suffi cient duration. When high heat and humidity in the plant cannot be remedied, satisfactory physiological recovery cannot be achieved unless workers rest at regular intervals in an air-conditioned room where tem perature and humidity are controlled at a comfortable level. In other instances, studies of work ing stresses have determined where mechanization would be most effi cient in reducing fatigue or the ex tent to which work crews should be increased. Sometimes the working position of the body is such as to tax muscles which do not produce mechanical work but merely help to maintain balance. In one case, fa tigue was markedly reduced by building a platform so that employ ees could work at waist instead of shoulder height. It was emphasized that it is not an easy task to redesign job meth ods and practices which will take fatigue out of work without costly disruption of production schedules. "It has to be done patiently," Dr. Brouha said, "by trial and error and with close collaboration of physiolo gist and industrial engineer." Ready for Disaster --From page 6 will uncover weakness in planning, coordination and communication. After each drill the coordinator can hold a meeting with key personnel to discuss weak spots. In general, the functions of the plant protective services are: 1. To direct workers to safety. 2. To rescue trapped persons. 3. To render first aid. 4. Repair damaged water mains and utility lines. 5. Fight fires. 6. Maintain morale. 7. Prevent panic. 8. Maintain order and discipline. 9. Demolish unsafe structures. 10. Remove debris. 11. Perform necessarv ,, . duties. X 12. Effect emergency restor of plant so production may sumed. The head of each protective S(> ice in the plant is responsibly'^ training workers in his organizeM In planning a training scheduly1''1 mould cooperate with municipa^M partments and with the local ^ defense organization. Vi) Because of the devastating of an atomic attack, it is advisa{^ for an individual trained in 0 * , service to receive training in ott,* services as wenll. Aa rescue work?l. i1 for example, might be able to H l training in fire fighting to good i Teams of each protective servfo i should be trained with teams jj j other services to assure coordination I of activities. Training should be as f realistic as possible. It should re, i produce conditions likely to arise I before, during and after an emer, I gency. | The protective services should also | engage in combined training exer- I eises with the local civil defense or- I ganization. The plant's protection I organization must be well integrated l with that of the surrounding area to j function at peak efficiency in an < emergency. The purpose of the program is to < save lives and property and keep the wheels of production turning. There will be no running for the hills if bombs should start falling. People will have to take shelter where they work, and when the at tack is over, they will come out, do whatever rescue work and fire fight ing is necessary, clean up the mess and go back to work. Hand and Arm Accident Facts The 1952 total of disabling injuries, compensable and non-compensable, for fingers alone was estimated at 320,000. Data from eight state compensation commissions indicate the following relative frequency of injuries to fingers, arms and hands: Finger injuries totalled 10 per cent of the cases, and were awarded 13 per cent of the compensation Arm injuries included 9 per cent of the cases, and 12 per cent of the com pensation. Hand injuries were 9 pei >0111 of the cases, but received onlv 0 per cent of the compensation. Injuries to fingers, h.mo. arms made up three-fifths ot " < ompen- sated permanent disahidt., - ...urding to reports from four Mistrial commissions. Handling objects, n:. 1 opera tion, and use of hand ' - *. re the major sources of fine* hand injuries. 166 National Safetv , i, ! 0 ra Modern Handling Methods AERIALS HANDLING has been 'titled as '^he science and art of '^(iveying. elevating, hauling, trans iting and handling materials from location to another." j Materials handling also includes ! ,jrage and wt.; ..'using of ma- .ila- while in process, in the '(11shd state, and awaiting distin ction. \Iodern handling methods have ,^n planned to tie in with producn methods. To meet these needs, * ,,reat variety of handling devices been developed. By taking the ,'rain off human muscles and re! taring exposure to hazardous proc| 's$es. mechanical equipment has ,ontributed much to improved safety editions in industry. Where large quantities of matejaIs move in more or less conmuous flow in fixed paths, con veyors, traveling cranes, railroads itld elevators are used. When goods move intermittently between many points in plant and vard without regard to fixed limits, mobile trucks of many types and tractors and trailers are employed. Every plant needs portable types of equipment. In the smaller plant they may serve all handling needs. In the larger plant they are useful ittxiliaries to fixed systems. Basic equipment. This discussion all be concerned chiefly with port able equipment in common use. in cluding: 1. Wheelbarrows 2. Hand trucks 3. Hand lift trucks 4. Powered hand trucks . industrial power trucks . Hoists 7. Cranes 5. Conveyors 9. Slings and accessories--wire rope, fiber rope, and chain 10. Miscellaneous equipment -- Skids, pallets, steel strapping, grabs, tote boxes, bridge plates, dollies, etc. Load-Bearing Parts Wire rope, chain and fiber rope are important wherever loads are lifted or hauled. These products are built to meet exacting specifications and their capacities are listed according to size, material and type of con struction. Slings made of these materials, and their accessories, such as hooks, rings, etc., can be obtained from manufacturers planned to meet the needs of every hoisting job. These parts are subjected regu larly to heavy loads, sometimes overloads. They should be selected for the needs of the job and kept serviceable by regular inspection and maintenance. --To page 179 Palletized loads are easily handled with fork trucks. Packages are securely tied with steel strapping. Note fire doors. (American Wheelabrator Co.) Notion*/ Safety Newt, March, 1954 167 ti ON STIFF LEG OR J^MOBILe^ L ii si 48 - Page Handbook and Riggers' Manual, itnf to you on request! Write today for handbook and complete information on Tuffy Hoist1 Line, Be Sure...Be Firm Tell Your Distributor Tuffy Hoist Line... and the diameter and length--that's all he needs to know! For slings, specify Tuffy, sitng type, diameter, length and fittings. Or buy Tuffy Braided Wire Fab ric on the reel it you do your own rigging. Remember, your distributor can always supply the Tuffy yojs needl On Cranes of All Types, The TuffyTeam Will Run Longer! Now, there is no need to monkey with a lot of dif ferent rope constructions trying to find a hoist line and sling combination that will give you the most service. This pair of special purpose constructions will handle your crane work as it never was handled before. Oldest of this tough work-team is Tuffy Slings. From the very start they set new standards of service life throughout industry--continue to set records in keep ing sling cost down and the safety record clear. The reason? An entirely new patented 9-part machine braided wire fabric construction so flexible you cannot materially damage the fabric when kinking and knot ting, and so tough that users asked for a hoist line to match in wearability. Newest of the hoisting team is Tuffy Hoist Line. It's a new rope construction, specially designed for the spe cial purpose of hoisting on any and all cranes. Designed into it is flexibility, wearability and extra toughness to absorb load shocks. Taken out of it is every undesir able feature which many months of laboratory research and testing and many more months of field testing uncovered in other rope constructions used for hoist lines. Just length, diameter and "Tuffy Hoist Line" is all you need to say! No complicated specifications, no chance for confusion! Get extra hoisting service at no extra cost with Tuffy Hoist Line! union corporation 2224 Manchester Ave. Kansas City 26, Mo. :pec:ali;rs in High Carbon Wire, Wire Rope and Braided Wire Fabric 163 National Safety News, March, 19S4 j I R ON CLAMSHELLS AND DERRICKS A NEW Tuffy HOIST LINE Designed to Out-perform Any Rope Construction You've Ever Used For Crone Hoisting! No doubt you've used several different rope constructions on different crane hoisting operations* Now, there is an entirely new construction for crane hoisting purposes which gets you out of complicated specifica tions in ordering and enables you to keep your reserve rope stock down to the very minimum. Tuffy Hoist Line is now on the market because no other rope construc tion could stand up to it through many months of testing in the un matched Union Wire Rope laboratory. More months of field testing, under tough operating condition^ proved to machine operators the su periority of Tuffy Hoist Line over the best rope constructions they had ever used for Crane Hoisting. That is the best way for you, too, to see how much longer Tuffy Hoist Line will run on your clamshells, derricks and cranes. All your distributor needs besides the name Tuffy is the diameter and length. Taffy dozer rope Increase your dozer rope service by mounting a ISO* reel of Tuffy on your. dozer. Feed through only enough to replace section damaged on the drum. Available in >/*'* and f/l4*\ Taffy SCRAPER ROPE Flexible enough to withstand sharp bends ... stiff enough to resist looping and kinking when slack! Taffy DRAGLINES Maximum abrasive resistance, extra flexibility! Rides better on grooves, hugs drum when castingl 169 Section $-~Mat*rials Handling Braided Slings easily handle 186-ton forging This would be called a big lift by any yardstick, since the rough forging shown in the photo weighed 372,000 lb --186 tons. It was over 26 ft long. Its bulk and dimensions combined to make the handling job a real problem, one that was solved by using Bethlehem braided slings. The slings were among the largest ever produced by the Bethlehem shops. Needless to say, they were made with the utmost care. This, however, is typical of all the slingrthat Bethlehem manufactures, whether they're small, or tremendously big ones like those in the picture. Very few lifts are the same in all details, but there's always a Bethlehem sling for the job, whatever the lift involves. Call us for slings of any classificationgrommet, braided, single-part, bridle, or special-- and we can supply them tailored exactly to your needs. And don't forget, if there are some lifting jobs requiring study in your particular layout, Bethlehem will gladly help you work them out--right in your plant where the problem exists. Feel perfectly free to consult with our engineers, who are especially well qualified to serve you in matters involving slings. BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY, BETHLEHEM, PA. On the Pacific Coast Bethlehem products are sold by Bethlehem Pacific Coast Steel Corporation. Export Distributor: Bethlehem Steel Export Corporation BETHLEHEM WIRE ROPE SLINGS MAKt THt TOUOH LIFTS FAST o BETHLEHEM STEEL no National Safety News, March, 1954 I Industrial Trucks and Tractors I j^ELED vehicles of many both hand and power oper- 4. keep goods moving in factories, '^houses, docks and railroad * finals. There are types for every Lung or lifting job. Wheelbarrows are useful for hauland dumping bulk materials. Luey can be used where a two- or . ur_wheeled vehicle could not be Maneuvered. Bodies of aluminum magnesium alloys and rubber (jres have made them lighter and easier to handle. Hand trucks. The two-wheeler, designed for handling bags, drums, barrels, cartons, beverage cases, etc., comes in a variety of sizes and types, [t can be equipped with brakes. Hand platform trucks are available jn several designs with capacities for 150 to 2,000 pounds. They are usu ally designed to be pushed by one of the end racks. They are suitable for short hauls. Hand lift trucks. The load, sup ported on platforms or skids, is raised enough for horizontal move ment and pulled by hand power. These are useful where loads are relatively light and distances short. Power Trucks Power units for moving materials are operated by gasoline engine or storage battery. The type of truck used should comply with fire protec tion regulations for the location. Powered hand truck. Similar to hand lift truck. Power for opera tion is supplied by storage battery. A motor mounted on the forward wheels supplies power for hauling. The truck is controlled by a walk ing operator. Platform truck. Used for hauling baggage, mail, and packages of rail road stations and steamship piers. In industry it hauls tote boxes and miscellaneous materials. Loading is by hand. Low-lift platform truck. Platform elevates just enough for horizontal movement. It picks up loaded skids, moves and sets them down in other locations without manual handling or use of other handling equipment. High-lift truck. A load-carrying truck, with lifting mechanism de signed to permit tiering one load upon another. Brakes give operator control of lifting device and plat form at all elevations. Fork truck. A cantilever type self loading truck with vertical uprights and elevating mechanism. Forks re quire less clearance than platforms and may be used with shallow pallets as well as skids. Double-faced pal lets afford wider load distribution, which is an advantage in tiering. Canopy guards. Where fork truck operators are exposed to danger from falling objects, the truck is re quired by code to be equipped with a canopy guard, strong enough to support a capacity load and have no opening larger than the smallest package carried. Scoop trucks shovel loose mate rials and elevate and dump them into hoppers or bins. Ram trucks handle wire and strip metal in large coils. Roll-handling trucks for handling newsprint or other paper are equipped with a cable drum with two cables. Hooks on the cables hook over the ends of a rod which serves as an axle for the roll. Crane trucks equipped with boom, cable and drum, with special lifting hooks, spreaders and slings are used for moving heavy unit loads and ob jects too large to be handled on truck platforms or forks. Portable elevators (tiering ma chines or stackers). The portable elevator consists of an upright frame to which is mounted a platform that can be raised or lowered. It is moved from place to place manually. The hoisting mechanism can be either manually or power operated. Portable elevators are used in warehouses for piling and storing materials. They should be equipped with a braking device to permit the safe lowering of the platform and a ratchet lock or dog should be pro vided to lock fhe platform in posi tion during loading and unloading. Safeguards include limit stops for top and bottom travel limits on the hoisting cable drum, as well as for the shipper rope, if one is provided. When in use, casters should be lifted off the floor. Tractors and trailers are used where large quantities of materials must be moved over relatively long distances, as at freight terminals and piers. Loading and unloading is done manually or hy crane or other ex ternal means. Powered hand truck controlled by walking operator. Power for hauling Is supplied by storage battery. (Barrett-Craven Co.) National Safety Newt, March, 1954 Power Truck Operation Which end of an industrial power truck is the front? Which is the rear? This has been a frequent point of disagreement among manu facturers and users. Most manufacturers prefer to call the platform part of the truck the front, and many users follow the same practice. Points in favor of this method of operation are: 1. The operator is facing his controls and can act quickly in an emergency. 2. He can watch the load on the platform better in negotiating narrow passageways and aisles. 3. He has a better chance of escape in case anything goes wrong. --To Page 180 171 Wire Rope WIRE ROPE provides high tensile strength and moderate flexibility or heavy lifting and haulage and for supporting rigging. It is serviceable under varying weather conditions but it should not be exposed to ex cessive heat or corrosive substances nor dragged over abrasive surfaces. In selecting wire rope, the follow ing should be considered: X. Size 2. Construction 3. Grade 4. Equipment on which rope is to operate 5. Handling, installation and mainte nance of rope. Constructions Wire rope is manufactured in a variety of constructions, each de signed for certain service conditions. In designating construction, the first numeral identifies the number of strands in the rope, the second, the number of wires in each strand. This is followed by a term describ ing the geometric arrangement of wires in each strand, e.g., 6 x 19 Filler Wire. The 6 x 19 construction is the most generally useful. As the number of wires per strand increases, flexibility and reserve strength increase but ability to withstand abrasion de creases. A 6 x 7 construction has higher resistance to abrasion but less flexibility. The core serves as a foundation for the strands. Three types of cores are used: (1) fiber; (2) independent wire rope, and (3) wire strand. Fiber gives elasticity to the rope and is adequate for normal operating con ditions. Metal cores are used where maxi mum strength and minimum stretch are important, or where heavy loads or overwinding on a drum causes excessive pressure of strands against the core, or temperature is sufficient to dry out a fiber core. Type of Lay. There are two gen eral methods of laying up rope: (1) Regular iay in which the wires in the strands are laid in the opposite direction to that of the strands in the rope, so that on the outside of the rope the wires lay approximately parallel to the rope axis; (2) Lang lay rope, in which the wires and strands are laid in the same direc tion. Regular lay rope is standard for most applications. It is easier to handle during installation and less susceptible to kinking. Lang lay rope has good flexibility and high resistance to abrasion and fatigue. Wire rope is made either right or left lay. In most cases it makes little or no difference which type is used. Right lay is standard. Dynamometer tor proof-testing hoisting equipment. (W. C. Dillon & Co.) Rope Grades Rope wires are usually m the following materials anrj ^ I nated by their names. (Mi SB tensile strengths are quoted Federal Specifications RR-57] Improved plow steel. Has k 1 strength and toughness an<j' wear resistant properties. quently selected for heavy Kl service, as in deep shafts a,.S excavating machinery. I>| tensile strengths, 218,000-244tooq)11),'| Plow Steel. Strength about 15 1 cent less than improved plow Serviceable for haulage, hois?' t logging and miscellaneous Minimum tensile strengths, 19IW f 212.000 p.s.i. 1 Mild Plow Steel. Combines toy-i > ness with pliability, making capable of undergoing repeated in," pact stresses. Used principally f0>! cable tool drilling. Minimum tensil strengths, 165,000-184,000 p.s.i. ' Cast Steel. Where strength is notl the controlling factor, its pliability is important in long fatigue lifj Resistant to acid mine water. (N0, listed in Federal Specifications.) Traction Steel. Used in hoistine ropes for traction type elevators' High resistance to bending fatigue and minimum abrasive action on | sheaves and drums. Minimum tensile 1 strength, about 160,000 p.s.i. Iron. Low tensile strength (about 70.000 p.s.i.) but very ductile. It has been used principally in elevator service where it is being replaced by traction steel. Corrosion-resisting metals. Where j corrosion is a factor, stainless steel, | bronze and monel metal are fre- \ quently used. All-metal ropes are preferred to fiber core ropes. Stainless steel is used in marine operations on aircraft, and where rope is exposed to alkali, acids of an oxidizing nature (such as nitric), neutral brine, food products, and temperatures damaging to carbon steel ropes. Bronze has strength slightly in excess of iron rope. It is used fre quently in marine service. Monel metal is used where rope is exposed to marine atmospheres, acids of a reducing nature (such as sulfuric, muriatic and hydrofluoric), neutral brines, food products, pick ling solutions, and aromatic chemi cals. Corrosion-resisting ropes are fur nished in complete assemblies and slings with fittings attached. Tem perature, humidity, nature and con- --To page 176 172 National Safety News, March, 1954 Load-Bearing Chain -j'gENGTH and flexibility, resistS ,e to abrasion, heat, shock, wear corrosion are qualities which chain suitable for heavy hoistand haulage jobs. It should be ^riiembered, however, that not all 1 .pes of chain meet the requirements {specific jobs. Conditions under which chain will operate should be considered in se lecting types. Impact loading factors ^ould be considered and allowance Jpade for bumpy eraneways, rapid lifts and sudden stops. Heat, corro de atmosphere, and unnatural ^trains also affect the selection. Specifications for various types of ,-hain have been compiled by the American Society for Testing Mate rials. The safe load may be deterpuned from tables issued by the manufacturer. Safe working load means the max imum load which should be applied to a chain in direct tension. Breaking loads are merely of theo retical interest. They are misleading to the user and apt to promote un safe practices. Froof test means the actual test in pounds applied to the chain and at tachments before leaving the fac tory. Proof test figures should not be considered as safe working loads. These tests are followed by visual link-by-link inspection by experi enced inspectors. Types of Chain Conditions of use are important and the manufacturer should be con sulted about applications for the various types. Following are types commonly used in industrial operations: Wrought iron chain (crane or dredge) has high resistance to shock fatigue and corrosion. This chain has close links and is used for slings, hoists, cranes, power shovels, and marine purposes where human life and property depend on its endur ance. Welded steel chain (low carbon) is made in three common types: Proof Coil, BBB, and Steel Loading. Proof Coil is used principally for towing, binding, logging and similar operations. Links are comparatively long. Proof coil chain is not suitable for lifting or for slings. BBB Coil is a higher grade than proof coil, with safe working load approximately 25 per cent greater. Shorter links give greater flexibility. BBB coil chain is not suitable for lifting or for slings. Steel loading chain has a tensile strength approximately 50 per cent higher than BBB. It is used in the logging industry for binding and loading logs and in oil fields for han dling pipe and heavy equipment. High test chain (high carbon) is heat-treated to give it high tensile strength and resistance to impact loads. Tensile strength is approxi mately double that of ordinary steel chain. Ductility is moderate. Where resistance to wear is most important, it permits use of smaller and lighter chain. Alloy steel chain (general purpcse) has exceptional strength for weight and size. It is resistant to some types of corrosion. It is fre quently used where maximum tensile strength and resistance to abrasion is required, with reasonable resistance to impact. Special purpose alloy chain is con siderably higher in cost and is used on high temperature operations and where resistance to the action of corrosive substances is required. Stainless steel is high in tensile strength, fair in elongation, but low in impact resistance. It is used chief ly for ornamental installations and nitric acid pickling. Monel has fair tensile and impact strength and elongation. It is resist ant to sulphuric and hydrochloric acid solutions but not to nitric. Bronze has good elongation and fair resistance to impact, but low tensile strength. It is resistant to sulphuric and hydrochloric acid so lutions but not to nitric. Specialized types of chains have been developed for certain industries, such as those used in marine opera tions. Finishes are sometimes added to chains to provide added protection from corrosion or for decorative effect. Nickel alloy steel hoisting chain is approximately twice as strong as iron chain of the same size. It meets ASTM elongation requirements for iron crane and proof coil chain. It can be used over a wider range of temperature and is relatively im mune to failure resulting from fa tigue stresses and cold working of the metal. Impact resistance in heat-treated alloy steel chains does not increase in proportion to the strength of the chain. Under full working load they will fail under impact before a fully loaded wrought iron or heat-treated carbon chain will fail. Because of wear and impact fac tors, some chain manufacturers rec ommend that link size of sling chains should not be greatly reduced when using alloy steel chains of high strength as compared with wrought iron chain. Longer life and increased factor of safety justify increased cost. Storage. When not in use, each chain should be hung on a rack or placed in a neat pile on a dry floor or platform where it will not create a tripping hazard. Exposure to cor rosive fumes or liquids should be avoided. Safe Loads. Some plants stamp on a metal tag attached to each chain the safe vertical load which may be lifted with that chain. A better way is to stamp the safe load, or a refer ence number, on the ring or hook. Stamp marks should not be placed on links where they might form points of weakness. The useful life of all material han dling equipment, particularly rope and chain, is shortened' by overload ing, jerking, and neglect of the main tenance details recommended by the manufacturer. Chain Slings Chain slings are furnished com plete with all attachments made to proper dimensions and of material specified for various uses with ample factor of safety. Rings and hooks are as important as the chain itself and should re ceive the same attention in inspec tion and maintenance. A hook bent by overloading should not be repaired and put back into service. The stress of bending weak ens metal so that its future strength is unreliable. REFERENCES National Safety News No Mystery About Chain Failures--N. J. Gebert, Nov. 1953, p. SO. Chains That Won't Let You Down--Jess Hogans, Jan. 1953, p. 32. Safer Lifts--S. N. Morrison, Nov. 1950, p. 34. Crossover Bridges Where loading docks are separated by railroad tracks, crossover bridges are needed. Some are of the draw bridge type; others are mounted on four pillars that can be raised or lowered quickly by push-button control. National Safety News, march, 1954 173 Section 5--Materials Handling Fiber Rope FIBER ROPE is widely used for block and tackle work, for suspend ing scaffolds and staging, in marine operations, and for life lines and lanyards. It can be tied and spliced easily and its flexibility adapts it to many uses. The best fibers have good tensile strength and resistance to weather and abrasion. For heavy loads, wire rope furnishes the required strength with less bulk. Fiber rope should never be ex posed to high temperatures or to acid splashes or fumes. Sharp bends should be avoided. Where a sling passes over sharp edges pads should be used to protect the rope. Rope should not be kept in stock for long periods. Vegetable fiber deteriorates with age, even under favorable conditions. When rope is used only at long intervals, age should be considered in its use and retirement. Natural Fibers Manila fiber is standard for tensile strength and durability. A good grade of manila rope, when new and clean, is hard but pliant, yellowish in color with a silvery pearl luster. When drawn through the hands, it has a smooth, almost silky feel. Sisal is the next best fiber. Strength varies from 65 to 80 per cent of manila. Sisal rope has a yellowish color, with sometimes a slight green ish tinge. It lacks the gloss and smoothness of good manila. Sisal fibers are stiff with a tendency to splinter. Mexican sisalana (henequin) lacks the strength of- high quality sisal but has been used to some extent during the shortage of better grades of rope. Strength is about 60 per cent of manila. American hemp fiber is much softer than manila. It has a dark gray color. It is not highly resistant to abrasion but when tarred it will give fair service on some jobs. Strength is about 80 per cent of manila. Jute and cotton are not recom mended for handling material or other uses where strength and du- the PENGO safety TRANSFORMER GIN ^ STRENGTH-WEIGHT RATIO 3 TIMES THAT OF STRUCTURAL STEEL SAFEST Moistur* proof! Will not absorb motsfura even when abused. High Ucfrical resistance -- tasted to over 100,000 volts, and . . . STRONGEST Each Gin tasted to 4500 lbs. single Una pull. LONG LIFE Nearly indastructibU, Impervious to sun, boat, cold, watar, oil, most acids, corrosion, rotting. EXCELLENT DESIGN Pivots for moving transformers from old polo, or installing bank of transformers. rERSEN 6NG. CO. ita Clara, Calif- P*` M or. information sh ma m pENGo Fib"' tba new rENWv ,, Transfer"1" Gin........... no.......... -.... ....... ... ..... ddrtrt............."1............... . SPECIFICATIONS Working load, singi. line . 2500 lbs. {On.-third mor. with doubl. tin.) L.ngth ................................ 4' 2" W.ight ..... 35 lbs. JMad* by the maktrs of tk* World Famous PENGO EARTH AUGER FFTERUTFN ENGINEERING CO. Santa Clara, Calif. rability are needed. Str about 50 per cent of manjj^tj Synthetic Fiber* Ropes of synthetic fibers ing into wider use. They 5* expensive than natural fiber!* '1 restricts their use. "tyj Nylon has a high rating f0r :,uength, toughness, flexibiJ - durability. It is easy to hamj[ 1 Nylon rope has a higher strength, wet or dry, than * ' fibers and does not show ^ deterioration when frozen, at 480 degrees F., it can be r^\ destroyed by fire but it do^l ignite and burn with flame. resistant to rot, mildew and a]V but is damaged by acids. Unolyn has shown desirable om, ties for life lines. It has unujF ability to absorb impact forceT! does not return to its original lenI? after being subjected to S6Veh strain. It is not suitable for hoistin, or haulage. ^ Glass fiber. High strength wh^ dry but low resistance to flexing am abrasion. Poor performance when wet reported. Saran. Resistant to rot and man, chemicals. Practically unaffected bj aging, direct sunlight and moisture Only moderate resistance to abra sion and temperature. Care of Rope Rope loaded over 75 per cent oi its breaking strength will be perma nently injured. Such damage car be detected by examination of in side threads which will be broker in proportion to the overload. Kinking is highly destructive tc rope. It may cause hidden damagr that will result in failure when the rope is again put under strain. Kink ing is more likely to occur when rope is wet. New ropes should be uncoiled by laying the coil on the floor with in side end down; then reach down through the center of the coil and pull this end up, unwinding the coil counter-clockwise. If the rope un coils in the wrong direction, the coil should be turned over and the end pulled out on the other side. Sometimes ropes become kinked after use. One method of removing these kinks is to open up the coil and recoil left-handedly. When the coil is completed, the free end is brought through the coil and the rope is then coiled right-handedly. Uncoiling the rope and stretching it out in a single length is another --To page 176 174 National Safety News, Marsh, 19S4 lln plant after plant HiBC-Atiorl Sling Chains I ... in the Lifting Zone Sec/ion 5--Maferials HcmdJmg 1 give extra protection to men and materials in the Danger Zone } For Maximum Safety in your plant... tm-moY SPECIFY SLING CHAINS HEM-alloy ... is the original alloy steel chain In addition to an extra margin of safety, the special analysis heat treated alloy steel in Herc-Alloy Sling Chains offers two secondary advantages: One is lighter weight that reduces worker fatigue. The other is a longer life that reduces chain costs. A trial of Herc-Alloy Sling Chains in your plant will demonstrate these benefits to your complete satisfaction. (M columbus mckinnon CHAIN CORPORATION HOISTS AND CHAIN TONAWANDA, NEW YORK DISTRICT OFFICES: NEW YORK, CHICAGO, CLEVELAND In Canada: McKINNON COLUMBUS CHAIN LIMITED, ST. CATHARINES, ONTARIO National Safety News, March, 19S4 175 Section 5--Materials Handling ACCO He#t0tmb* WIRE ROPE SUNGS A STANDARD OF QUALITY "acco Registered" is the registered trademark applied by American Chain and Cable Company to slings of the highest grade, but it is more than just a trademark. "acco Registered" is a definite specification of quality in both material and design. To be "acco Registered," a wire rope sling must meet the following specifications: 1. It must be made from high strength "Green Strand" wire rope. 2. All parts of the finished sling must have a breaking strength equal to the catalog strength of the sling body. 3. All fittings and attachments must withstand a proof-test equal to at least two times the rated capacity without permanent distortion. 4. Actual field service tests of each design. As evidence of compliance with these requirements each sling is given a metal identification tag and is accompanied by a Certificate of Proof Test and Registry. What does acco registry mean to you? It means that you can equip your shop with "lifting tools" and be confident that their designs and materials are specifi cally selected for the highest efficiency by trained engineers who spend ail their time on slings. It means that you can be sure that your men, materials, and machines are given the higaest protection against injury duruig lifting operations. Where can you get ACCO registered slings? To make acco Registered Slings immediately available for your requirements, American Chain and Cable Company, Inc. has appointed one of the best industrial supply houses in your community as an acco Registered Sling distributor. Selection for such appointment is made on the basis of the distributors desire to serve you, his grasp of your problems, and his willingness to maintain in his stock sizes and types of slings you need. See your acco Registered Distributor or write to us for literature and his name. ^Trademark Reglsterod ACCO vVire Rope Sling Department m AMER,CAN CHAIN & CABLE aSSra, TMk y', J;' Wilkes-Barre, Pa., Chicago, Denver, Houston, ^0S ^n8e*es' New York, Odessa, Tex., Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, San Francisco, Bridgeport, Conn. Fiber Rope --From page 174 method of unkinking where permits. Rope should be stored in a place where it will not be ejnJM to high temperature and wherV/| may circulate through the coils ` Rope deteriorates very quickly, it becomes saturated with water is not properly dried. Alternate ting and drying will also cause: deterioration. ' When lengths of rope must ^ joined, they should be spliced, ' knotted. A well-made t0ng will retain up to 90 per cent of ^ strength of the rope; a knot only 5^ per cent. 1 REFERENCES ! National Safety News | Instds That Coll of Rope--A. R, Hatch 1 | Feb. 1948, p. 38. J I Miscellaneous Handbook of Rigging--W. E. Rossnaw i | McGraw Hill. 1 . Manila Rope--FederalSpecifications n [ | 601. i ! Wire Rope ! 1 --From page 172 ! ! centration of corroding chemicals i I should he considered in selecting j equipment. j Wire Rope Slings j Wire rope slings are widely used for heavy lifting. Wire rope should not be used, however, where there are sharp bends over an unyielding surface. Tension of outside strands may cause serious injury to the rope. Where a load has sharp corners, pads should be placed between the load and the sling. The maximum load can be lifted when all legs of the sling are in a vertical position. The smaller the j angle formed between the legs of the sling and the horizontal, the greater the tension on the legs and the less weight which can be lifted. Proper selection and attachment of fittings have much to do with rope life and safety. Principal connections and attachments are; Babbitt or zinc socketed connections Wedge sockets Swedged attachments Thimble with clip connections Three-bolt clamp connection Spliced eye and thimble connection When slings are to be used for special purposes the advice of the manufacturer should be obtained. Preformed Wire Rope A preformed wire rope is one in which each individual strand, and at the same time each individual wire, m National Safety News, March, t9S4 i i-manently formed into the heli- I ''^haPe ^ assume in the fin- J rope- Some advantages of pre yed rope are: ' fiigher resistance to bending 1 fatigue- ,, Greater flexibility. kess susceptible to kinking and * therefore easier to install, j More equal distribution of load on each strand and wire. - More resistant to whipping and vibration. g Hugs small drums better and winds more uniformly and smooth ly- Operates over sheaves with less rotation around its axis, with less wear on rope and sheaves. 3, May be socketed with less danger of unbalancing the lay of the rope below the base of the socket. 9, Does not unravel when seizings are removed from ends of rope. jO, When outer wires break through fatigue, they do not protrude or "porcupine." This reduces risk of injury in handling. Since broken wires are less con spicuous in preformed rope, greater ; | . [ ' 1 | care is needed in inspection. How ever, broken ends separate slightly, permitting detection. Strength and other qualities are the same for preformed and nonpreformed rope of the same size, grade and construction. Causes of Failure When wire rope fails to give the expected service, the reason is sel dom a defect in the construction of the rope. Following are some of the more common causes: 1. Use of rope of incorrect size, con struction or grade. 2. Allowing rope to drag over ob stacles. 3. Lack of proper lubrication. 4. Sheaves and drums of inadequate size, causing short radius bends. 5. Overwinding or crosswinding on drums. 6. Sheaves and drums defective or out of alignment. 7. Ropes jumping sheave flanges. 8. Effects of heat, moisture, or acid fumes. 9. Improper fittings. 10. Permitting ropes to untwist. 11. Kinking. 12. Severe overloads, reverse bends, and other excessive stresses. 13. Internal wear caused by grit pene trating between strands and wires. i How to Order When ordering wire rope, the fol lowing information should be fur nished: 1. Length. 2. Diameter. --To page 178 National Safety News, March, 1954 Section 5--Materials Handling WRIGHT HOISTS 5 Features that Reduce Service Costs Here is a crane drive unit made for indoor or outdoor service. It can be furnished with single-speed fluid drive control or vari able speed control. Horsepower ratings from H to 5. Numerous output shaft speeds. MAINTENANCE-SAVER FEATURES 1 Motor Squirrel cage or slip motors: Magnetic reversing type ring, fully enclosed with sealed controller, interlocked to prevent ball bearings. Designed for crane short-circuiting. On variable speed service. Easily removed end bell motors: Controller provides grad permits quick servicing of motor. ual acceleration or deceleration 2 Speed Reducer Heat-treated with 5 speeds in either direction. alloy steel gears. Ball bearing 4 Brake Contracting shoe-type gear shafts. Sealed oil-bath hous "drag" brake. Accessible, easily ing has fill and drain plugs which adjusted. Solenoid released. Has permit mounting in any of three wide torque limits. positions. Sleeve couplings per 5 End Trucks Heavy structural mit close-quarter mounting. steel welded construction. 3 Control by pendant push but Double flange chilled tread crane ton station. On single speed wheels. Rail sweeps provided. When you buy a hoist, remember-- PURCHASE PRICE + MAINTENANCE = TOTAL COST See your wright Distributor today or write us for literature and prices Wright Hoist Division AMERICAN CHAIN & CABLE York, Pa,, Chicago, Denver, Detroit, Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, San Francisco, Bridgeport, Conn. in Section 5-Materials Handling There's never been anything like LAUGHLINS Load Binder BRAND NEW new design, new economy, new convenience. MORE- USEFUL one binder does the work of two. GREATER SAFETY drop forged strength plus non-slip locking. HERE'S THE STORY: The new LAUGHLIN LOADBINDER is a sturdy, drop forged, heat treated steel unit available in two sizes, each of which can use four different hook sizes. You buy only one handle assembly, attach two Laughlin clevis grab hooks to fit your chain. Change hooks in a jiffy with pliers or screwdriver. Stronger, too, because swivel tongue swings on end of slotted jaw, won't spread under strain. Safe, because a positive cam lock action keeps it shut. #1 Binder: U.T.S. 22,000 Lbs. j #2 Binder: U.T.S. 32.000 Lbs. Hook sizes: W, tV', /s" j Hook sizes: W, Xs". 14", %" Laughlin Clevis Grab Hooks are stocked by leading Indus trial Supply, Wholesale Hardware, Oil Field, and other Distributors. Ask your distributor lor information about the new loadbinder, or write tor 4-page folder. It has complete description, specifications and users' comments. For a complete listing of 1500 types and sizes of Laughlin wire rope and chain fittings, ask also for our Catalog 155. THE THOMAS LAUGHLIN COMPANY 33 Fort Street, Portland, Maine Wire Rope ---From page 177 i 3. Construction--Number of Number of wires per strand; ment of wires in strand, such Filler Wire, etc. ^ 4. Type of Fabrication--If prej rope is desired, it should be Otherwise, non-preformed rop/!'!1'*'! furnished. 5. Finish--Galvanized finish a ' be specified if required. Otlw', bright rope is usually furnished, 6. Grade--Improved plow steel 1 i Steel, Iron, etc. 7. Lay--Regular Lay Right Lay,, be furnished unless otherwise specif^ Lang Lay or Left Lay is furnished ,' request. 8. Core--Specify fiber core, jn(!( pendent wire rope core, or wire strJfr core. 9. Lubrication--Type of lubrUatl,( should not be specified unless there a*,, unusual service requirements. s8S; construction and grade of rope is treat?. with a lubricant adapted to that pas' ticular rope for a wide range of servi?, f conditions. 10. Use for which rope is intended i Wire Rope Lubrication All wire rope should be treated at regular intervals with a lubricant to keep it pliable and to prevent rust, Pound for pound, wire rope probably has more bearing surface (inside the rope) than any other equipment, so the importance of lubricating is obvious. Idle wire ropes are most suscep tible to damage by rust. It is im portant to see that they are well lubricated when not in service. The best lubricants are those fur nished by manufacturers and dealers especially for lubricating wire rope. Lubricants which meet specifica tions are free from acids and cor rosives and have good penetrating qualities. They do not cake, gum or ball-up if contaminated with dirt or metal particles. Lubricant may be applied with a brush. It should be brushed on slowly, carefully and frequently be cause it is difficult to get complete coverage and penetration. A more effective method is a simple three-sheave trough. It should be firmly fixed near the reel Wire Rope Strength Grades Breaking Strength (Lbs.) of Rope Iron 12,500 Traction Steel Mild Plow Steel Plow Steel Improved Plow Steel 23,000 24,600 28,300 32,600 178 Hotiono/ Safety News, March, 1954 Sedton 5--Maferiof* Handling . drum and the rope run through J^e lubricant not faster than 30 feet g minute- REFERENCES Ntionl Safety Council ^teel Sinews--Safety Reprint Con, 5. ^rational Safety News ' rfow Safe Are Your Slings? W. C. p-chards, Aug. 1953, p. 22. gnow Your Wire Rope--B, N. Carlson, fe- . P- 39Miscellaneous ' \fflre Rope, Simplified Practice Recom mendations No. 198-43--National Bureau of Standards, Wire Rope. Federal Specifications RR- RJa- ____________ Modern Methods From page 167 Unit Loading Assembly of loads on skids, pallets or trailers to be moved from one part of the plant to another means less handling and more pieces per each handling. To move the load, it is only necessary for the truck to slide the platform or fork under the skid or pallet or to hook a tractor to the trailer. A skid is a platform elevated from the floor by legs, casters or special attachments. A pallet is a development of the platform skid. The most common type is the double-faced wooden pallet with sufficient clearance be tween top and bottom to insert the forks of a fork truck for moving. Steel strapping provides a secure method of fastening some types of bundled materials for shipping and for reinforcing packing cases. Work ers need training in application and removal and should wear goggles and leather palm gloves for the work. Equipment available from suppliers should be used for apply ing and removing strapping. REFERENCES Handling Material--General National Safety Council Accident Prevention Manual for Indus trial Operations. Powered Hand Trucks--Data Sheet D- Gen. 51, Dockboards and Gangplanks--Data Sheet D-Gen. 35. Skids--Data Sheet D-Gen. 40. National Safety News Bigger Loads. Fewer Injuries--H. W. Darr Oct. 1950, p. 82. Materials Handling Equipment in Action --J. R. Clemens, Apr. 1951, p. 24. Looking Over a Mechanized Foundry-- F. B. Skeates. June 1951, p. 20. Our Aging Plants--Leo J. Pantas, Jan. 1951, p. 18. The Freight House Goes Modern--Apr. 1953. p. 34. How High Can a Fork Truck Reach?-- Harold Mllz, Nov. 1953, p. 32. American Standards Assn. Cranes. Derricks and Holsts, Safety Code `or--B30.2-1952. Miscellaneous Material Handling; Principles, Equip ment and Methods--Harry E. Stocker, Prentice-Hall, 1951. Handbook of R'gglng--W. E. Rossnagel, McGraw Hill, 1950. Material Handling Handbook--Electric In dustrial Truck Assn. Hoists and Portable Cranes A HOIST is a mechanical device, suspended from overhead, used for raising or lowering loads through a vertical plane. Common types of hoisting apparatus include: 1. Block and tackle 2. Hand chain hoist 3. Electric hoist 4. Air-operated hoist 5. Portable floor cranes 6. Jib cranes Block and tackle. Blocks threaded with fiber or wire rope are used for suspending scaffolds, raising objects, and other industrial purposes. When used to lift heavy materials or to hold loads suspended, as on heavy duty scaffolds,i wire rope should be used. Hand chain, hoists may he used where overhead cranes cannot be installed on account of lack of head room. They also handle heavy pieces at machines. One hoist may handle the work at one or more machines. Steel is recommended for loadsustaining parts. It withstands sud den shock better than cast iron and is much lighter in weight for equal strength. Chain should be of best quality steel and should be welded. Each hoist should be equipped with a braking device which auto matically locks the load when hoist ing is stopped. Chains and sheaves should be lu bricated at intervals, depending on atmospheric conditions. Electric hoists range in capacity from Vs ton to 20 tons. They are faster than hand hoists and less fa tiguing for large loads. The light duty hoist uses link chain for lifting. The heavy duty type uses wire rope. Limit stops prevent the hoist from traveling too far in case the oper ating handle is not released in time. Air hoists operate on compressed air. They are used where sparks from electric equipment might be a hazard, or where smoothness of op eration is important The air hoist is limited in travel because of de pendence on the air lines. Grabs, grips and tongs of several types have been developed for use with overhead handling equipment, such as cranes, monorails, hoists, etc. Some can handle a variety of objects while others are more spe cialized. Portable floor cranes or hoists are mounted on wheels that can be moved from place to place, either by hand power or under their own power. These raise and lower loads in a vertical line. They will not ro tate around a fixed point. Portable cranes are useful in plants where overhead belting, shaft ing, etc., prevent the use of over head cranes, and where service is not frequent-enough to justify more expensive equipment. The lifting mechanism usually consists either of a winch with wire rope and block, or a chain hoist, operated by hand or by electric power. Hoists operated by electric power should be effectively grounded to prevent shock in case of short cir cuit. Jib cranes lift, lower and rotate loads within the circle covered by a rotating arm or jib upon which runs a trolley. The jib is usually sup ported from a wall or column. A hoist, hand-operated air or electric, is suspended from the trolley. A substantial stop at the end of the jib arm prevents the trolley run ning off. Basic Principles in Handling Material Handle materials in large units. A two-wheel hand truck is better than a man's hands. A four- or sixwheel hand truck is better than either. A fork-truck pallet combi nation is the most efficient system for many jobs. Avoid rehandling. Every time you pick up materials and put them down again, it costs money and of fers opportunities for accident. Ar range your system to handle goods as little as possible. Balance men and equipment. As sign no more men and no more equipment to a job than needed. Equipment sets the pace for men. not men for equipment. Select equipment suited to the job. Study operations. Find out what equipment is needed and standardize on that. Nature of facilities, floor load capacity, ceiling height, volume of material to be handled, intermit tent or steady flow, commodity characteristics, and strength of pack age all have to be considered. Move materials in a straight line. Flow of materials should always be toward destination. Lay out work areas so that back and cross hauling are held to a minimum. In storage, items with greatest ac tivity should be warehoused nearest to entrances and exits. National Safety News, March, 1954 179 Conveyors WHERE material moves in con tinuous flow, power-operated and gravity conveyors eliminate much handling and many opportunities for injury. Principal types are roller, chute, belt, chain, portable, screw, pneu matic, monorail, and overhead trolley. For efficient and economical op eration, fixed systems require thorough study of the plant's manu facturing and material-handling problems before installation. Gravity conveyors are of two gen eral types---chute and roller. Power-driven conveyors should be equipped with emergency stopping devices located at convenient points. Crossover bridges with adequate handrails should be placed where needed. Side boards along edges and at turns of overhead conveyors and screen guards under high runs pro tect workers and equipment from falling material. Portable conveyors, mounted on wheels or casters, can be moved where needed and are time, labor and back savers for short j0Jjs gravity and power-driven tj/S available. They are made belt and bucket types for ha3 packages and loose materials, -Nj are often used at warehouse, (jSl shipping platforms, coal yards 'M sand and gravel pits. ' REFERENCES National Safety News It Does Where Men Can't-^rw, Webb, Oct. 1951, p. 94. 'CI Looking Over a Mechanized fw F B. Skeates, June 1951, p. 20. American Standards Assn. 1 i | Conveyors, Cableways and Related ment. Safety Code for--B20.1-1947. i Holding Efficiency 95% to 100% of Catalog List: Simple to Install It's safe! It's strong! The Newco Wire Rope Clamp and Thimble bearing surface is five to ten times greater than a pressed steel thimble. Eye opening larger than that of standard thimble. Users report greater hold ing efficiency than "U" bolt type clips. Re duces down time. Maximum protection to wire rope. Simple to install, no special tools needed. Lasts up to three times longer! Used by leading companies throughout the nation. Names on request. Compare the Newco Wire Rope Clamp with any other on the market . . . and you'll choose Newco. Here's the Secret! Locking construction, patented by Newman, automatically forces damp to hold tighter when load gets heavier. IMPOSSIBLE TO SHEAR BOLTS OFF, because wire rape pressure pushes keying sections oser, preventing movement of bolts up and dawn. TEAR OUT/ MAIL COUPON NOW FOR ALL THE-FACTS! *UHft Acme, NEWCO CLAMP! NEWMAN MANUFACTURING & SALES COMPANY Dept. 102, 205 Westport Rood, Kansas City 11/Mo, Rush me all the facts: specifications, details, prices on the Newco Clamp, Name Firm_________________________________________________________ Address f dty Zone State I i---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- j m Truck Operation --From page 171 Points in favor of the operator riding ahead of the load are: 1. He will be more careful to avoid hitting anything because injury is more likely to occur. 2. He can see ahead much better. 3. He can negotiate corners and have a better clearance. He is in a better point of observation, particularly blind corners. This difference brings out the need for standardization of controls. Manufacturers have varying ideas of what controls should be used, and, consequently, in some plants, the operator may be confused because he is required to operate a truck with one type of control and then change to another truck with a dif ferent system. A good start toward uniformity would be standardization of the warning signal button. Some manu facturers, at the present time, use a foot button, some a finger button, others a button which the operator depresses with his knee or thigh. It is generally agreed that some sort of operating platform guard is necessary. Some companies prefer merely a bumper type guard, while others prefer a higher guard which comes almost to the knees of the operator. A third group prefers a guard which shields the operator to his waist. Such guards should be completely enclosed in the back, leaving one or both sides open so that the operator may easily climb in or out Guards are usually made of heavy sheet metal and are sometimes re inforced with an angle iron frame. In addition to the sheet metal guard, an angle iron is sometimes placed around the outside of the guard to allow about two inches clearance between the guard and anything it may bump against. This additional guarding will prevent the operator from getting his fingers mashed be- National Safety Newt, March, 1954 decfion j'-muicnui* Another job well done with Macwhyte Slings! 408,600-LB. GENERATOR SAFELY HANDLED WITH MACWHYTE ATLAS BRAIDED SLINGS This Allas P-2 sling assembly is rated at 1600 lbs. Macwhyte slings are available for any load regard* less of size. C)ur experience on thousands of applications is yours tor the asking. Just write to Macwhyte Company. Sling Dept., Kenosha, Wis. Safe installation of a $2,000,000 generator at the Valley Steam Plant of Los Angeles' Depart ment of Water and Power required expert han dling and finest rigging. That's why Macwhyte Atlas Round-braided Wire Rope Slings were chosen to unload and install the largest and heaviest single freight shipment ever handled by the Southern Pacific Railroad. Lift was made with a 180-ton Moffett Crane using Macwhyte's Monarch Whyte Strand Wire Rope. Macwhyte's balanced braiding gives Atlas Slings greater flexibility, longer life, resists spinning and kinking. Macwhyte slings and wire rope offer better service on any lifting job, large or small. Recommendations will be promptly made on request. Macwhyte 8-Part Atlas Type l Round- braided Wire Rope Sling. MACWHYTE Complete line of slings to fit your needs'. Three types of body are available: Atlas Round-Braided, Drew Flat-Braided, Mon arch Single-Part. All are made to order in any size for any job. Suggestions for slings to meet your needs are promptly available. READY now--nciv Circular Number 5308 showing strengths and safe-loads at various angles plus many sling designs. Ask for 5308, See the hundreds of slings in Macwhyte Sling Catalog S-8 MACWHYTI COMPANY 2902 Fourteenth Ave., Kenosho, Wisconsin ' j MACWHYTE / COMPANY KENOSHA, WIS. I Manufacturers of Internally Lubricated PREformed Wire Rope, Braided Wire Rope Slings, Aircraft Cable, Safe-Lock Assemblies, Monel Metal and Stainless Steel Wire Rope. Mill depots: New York Pittsburgh Chicago St. Paul Fort Worth Portland Seattle San Francisco Los Angeles Distributors through out U.S.A. ,o.,, National Saftty News, March, 1954 III You get \ \ A of! 4 / ii -- Safety -- Economy -- Dependability -- Long Life TAYLOR MADE the only complete line of ALLOY STEEL CHAIN because... Tayior Made-Alloy Steel Chain has twice the tensile strength (125,000 lbs. P.S.I.) of wrought iron chain (48,000 lbs. P.S.I.)! This famous nationally adver tised chain is heat-treated--never requires annealing! It has tremendous resistance to shock, grain-growth and workhardness at all temperatures! All slings are furnished with amaz ing new Taylor Made Alloy Steel Tayco Hooks! Rings, joiner links and other sling attachments are of the same analysis, heat-treated alloy steel as the chain. S. G. TAYLOR CHAIN CO., Hammond, Ind. Send coupon for free fotder Name__ Address. 182 A GREAT NAME IN so tween the guard and any ot,.- i might strike. Education of power truck 0. . tors is a most important step, Al by constant education and by grams of strict enforcement 4 speeding and reckless drivitiAL curbed. Fire Hazards of Industrial Trucks Industrial trucks, whether ra j fork or crane type, can be pov^t J by gasoline engines, gasoline-elec)^ f power 'units, or storage battery These power plants present a nite fire hazard. Each industrial truck should ^ equipped with a 2'a-pound cart*),, dioxide extinguisher: a 4-potmj gas-pressured dry chemical extin. i guisher, or a 1-quart vaporiz^ I liquid extinguisher. The sizes list^ I are the smallest approved for indus- trial use. Gasoline trucks should be re. fueled in a safe location, away from [ storage and manufacturing areas-- | preferably outdoors. The engine | should be shut off during refueling I and care exercised to avoid spilling j fuel oi- overflowing the tank. | Collisions also cause damage. In ( two instances on record lift trucks t broke sprinkler pipes, causing heavy . damage to stock. Hand Truck Accident Facts While hand trucks are not normally considered a serious industrial hazard, they are a controllable source of in jury and, as such, merit consideration. A recent study of hand truck acci dents which were reported to the National Safety Council showed that in 3 out of 5 cases unsafe conditions were contributing causes; in 9 out of 10 cases the injured person was working un safely. One-fourth of the injuries were attributed to failure to wear safety shoes. Defective equipment was in volved in one-sixth of the cases; nar row or congested aisles were indicated in nearly 1 out of 6 accidents. Principal unsafe acts were pulling trucks that should have been pushed, and pulling trucks while facing the load and walking backward. Other unsafe acts included placing hands on load instead of on handles, braking truck by placing a foot on wheel, and oper ating too fast. Timber Storage (Forest Products Laboratory) SERIOUS losses from decay in wooden structures are due to infec tion of timbers with wood-destroy ing fungi while in storage. These losses can be greatly reduced by keeping lumber yards in a sanitary National Safely Newt, March, 1954 jition. Following are some pre- <0t' ions: Store on well-drained ground, re'eCj from possible dangers of floods I ^ standing water. [[ernove debris, keep down weeds. Ail tt;ng debris scattered about yards 'hoiiid be collected and burned. In ; js already filled in to considerable 1 nths with ...i ..'dust and other woody (,,js the situation can be improved d heavy surfacing with soil, slag, r similar material. Weeds should be 0 l away from piles to allow ventila tion. Use proper foundations. Provide ven tilation beneath stacks. Solid founda tions should never be used. In humid ^gions stock should be piled at least [g to 24 inches from the ground. Wood blocking used in direct contact with wet ground should be protected IjV application of creosote or other gerniicidal oils or replaced by concrete, brick, or other durable materials. Treated skid timbers are also advan tageous. Slope lumber piles. Foundations should be built so that the piles will slope approximately 1 inch to every foot of length. Avoiding close piling in the open. In most regions lumber should not be dose piled in the open, but should be "stuck" with crossers at least 1 inch thick. Lateral spacing is also desir able. Roofing of cover boards on the plies should extend for several inches in front and back. "Stickers." Instead of throwing "stickers" about on the ground to be come infected with decay, they should be handled carefully and when not in use piled on sound foundations and kept as dry as possible. If pine satu rated with resin, or heartwood of such durable species as white oak or red gum is employed, danger of infection is greatly decreased. Keep sheds dry and well aired. In storage sheds the necessity for piling higher from the ground is apparent. Sheds should be tightly roofed and siding should not be run down below the bottom of the foundation sills. Free air circulation should be allowed from all sides beneath enclosures. Only thoroughly dry stock should be stored in close piles under cover. Check fungous outbreaks. Should fungous outbreaks occur in sheds not constructed to meet sanitary needs, the infected foundation timbers should all be tom out and replaced with wood soaked in a fungicidal solution, or by concrete or brick. New foundations should be con structed to keep lumber well off the ground, and soil and timber adjacent to the infected area should be sprayed or painted with a germicidal solution of a water-soluble salt, such as sodium fluoride, mercuric chloride, zinc chlo ride, or copper sulphate. National Safety News, March, 1954 Section 5--Materials Handling ICHOLS ENGINEERING CO. 3816 W. GRAND AVE., CHICAGO 51, ILLINOIS SERVING RAILROADS SINCE 1894 182 NEW SAFETY iec/jon j-mgiciiu*j iiuiiunoy NEW ECONOMY COMPANIES IN ALMOST EVERY MAJOR INDUSTRY are using one-piece, light weight Plaxpak carboys. Age-old breakage problems have been eliminated. Employees move and use hazardous chemicals with new ease and efficiency. Carboy replacement costs are practically zero. DESIGNED FOR SMOOTH POURING. Plaxpak car boys are available in 6% and 13-gallon capacities, either naked or enclosed in a plywood jacket. Made of inert polyethyl ene, they are resistant to acids and alkalies. They can be frozen without damage. YOU CAN ELIMINATE IREAKAGE PROILEMS in your plant--improve your handling, use and storage of hazardous or expensive chemi cals--increase your protection of people and equipment--by adopting Plaxpak car boys. Write for our brochure-,md get all the money-saving facts about this modern way to handle bulk liquids. PLAX CORPORATION i72 FARMINGTON AVENUE WEST HARTFORD, CONN PLAX CANADA, LTD. MONTREAL A TORONTO PLAXPAK CARBOYS ...the safe, saving way to handle bulk liquids National Safety News, March, 1954 105 'etfiQji 5--Maltnals Handling MERRILL MATERIALS HANDLING DEVICES MERRILL BROTHERS 56-28 ARNOLD AVENUE MASPETH, N. Y. 184 Accessories for Manual ttandlf IN SPITE OF the development of in a position that will not power equipment for handling ma tripping hazard. terial, much manual handling is still To decrease the hazard necessary. There are numerous ac wheels should be as far cessories which make the work safer truck as possible. Wheel`S^Uard, and easier, if these devices are kept be installed on some types of'! in good condition and used correctly. Four wheel trucks shou, Hooks are used for handling logs, pushed, not pulled, particularly lumber, crates, boxes and barrels the truck is going down an j where the object will not be dam aged. Hooks should be inspected daily and kept sharp. If a hook is carried in the belt, the point should be covered. The worker should be trained to use the hook so that it will not glance off hard^objects. Bars. The point or edge of a crowbar should be kept sharp and position of hand and^bbdy should minimize the chance of pinching or falling if the bar should*' slip or the object move suddenly. Car movers, not crowbars, should be used to move cars on steel rails. When two men are needed for the job, two car movers should be used. Handling Specific Object, Drums and barrels can be ] more safely on an incline with n*.or other tackle to control tC* motion. The drum or barrel sho^ be snubbed with a rope, one en(j* which is securely fastened to ft platform from which the object is, be lowered. The rope should tk. be passed around the drum and ft* operator can lower the load gradu* ally. Sheet metal should be handled with leather gloves, hand leather or gloves with metal inserts. Bundles of sheet metal should be handled with power equipment. More than one man should not try Sheet glass should be handled with to work with the fame mover. gloves or hand leathers, and wrist, Rollers are used for moving heavy, and forearms should be covered with bulky objects. The principal hazard long leather sleeves. A leather or is that fingers or toes may be pinched canvas apron and guards to protect or crushed between roller and floor, feet and ankles should also be worn and when the direction of the roller Large panes of glass should be is changed. A sledge or bar, not the handled by two or more men, using hand or foot, should be used to move canvas slings and padding to protect the rollers under the load. head, neck and shoulders. Where Hand trucks, wheelbarrows, and dollies. These devices are on the borderline between mechanical and large panes are carried a consider able distance, an A-frame truck should be used. manual equipment. Even simple equipment should be inspected regu Lifting Limits larly and kept in good repair. Axles Physical differences among indi should be kept well lubricated. Re viduals make it impractical to set pair and maintenance records should up safe lifting limits for all workers. be kept to show the condition of Height and weight do not neces each piece of equipment. sarily indicate physical strength. The type of truck most suitable for State codes limiting the load a the work should be used. No one worker may be required to lift differ type of truck is suitable for handling widely. Each employer should know all types of loads. the provisions of his own state code. On a two-wheeled truck, the cen The following weights have been ter of gravity of the load should be set up by the U. S. Department of placed well forward so that the Labor as within the safe limits for weight lies on the axle and not on male and female workers required the handles. Two-wheeled trucks to perform continuous or repetitive may have brakes so that the worker lifting operations: need not hold the truck with a foot Male--50 pounds in compact form. on the wheel or axle. ', Female--25 pounds in compact Two-wheeled trucks and- wheel form. barrows may be equipped with Heavy objects, like lathe chucks, knuckle guards to protect the hands from jamming against door frames or other obstructions. dies and other jigs and fixtures, should be stored at approximately waist height. Tongues of flat trucks may be pro Where lifting must be done con vided with counterweights, springs, tinuously, even though the weights or hooks to hold them vertical when may be within safe limits, mechani not in use. Otherwise workers cal handling equipment may reduce should be trained to leave handles fatigue and speed up work. National Softly News, March, 1954 Guarding the Machine MACHINERY is involved m ap^xjmately one-fifth of all oom^nsatetl occupational injuries. The ^verity of these injuries is indicated L- he fact that 25 per cent of all '.j-rnanent disabilities result from ninet y accidents. .Much attention has been given to niaohine guarding and many types ^ effective safeguards have been developed. Progress, however, has keen handicapped by the variety of niachines and the operations per formed on them as well as by lack 0f uniformity in requirements of various states. There are few ma rines which cannot be guarded, but when safety interferes with produc tion there is a serious obstacle to overcome. Some operations can be guarded effectively with guards available commercially. Others require cus tom-built guards developed through extensive study of the job by both operating and safety departments. Among the machines involved fre quently in accidents are woodwork ing machines, such as circular saws, jointers and planers, and power presses. The majority of machine accidents occur at the point of operation--the area or point on a machine at which work, such as forming, cutting, etc., is performed on material being processed. Individual motor drives for machinery have eliminated much hazardous power transmission equip ment and improved Sighting and housekeeping. Many machines are quite safe for normal operation. It is quite un necessary for an operator to place his hands in the danger zone but sometimes it is done. Guarding, Analysis of workmen's compensation acci dents in the furniture industry. (Kemper Insurance) therefore, must he planned to protect the individual against his own lapses as well as against the normal hazards of the job. Most machines are now built with moving parts enclosed, presenting a trim, streamlined appearance as well as greater safety. Pressure lubrica tion reaches remote bearings with out exposing the oiler to hazard. Housekeeping is also improved. Color is a safeguard. Highlighting the point of operation with Sight tints which stand out against the darker background of the machine enables the operator to watch the work with less effort cm the eyes. Strong colors which give warning when a guard is missing are also helpful. Where built-in guards are not practicable, as in the case of older machines, or machines requiring special guards, standard types of commercial guards are recom mended. Guards for such machines as power presses, circular saws, pa per cutters, and others, are designed to fit most sizes and styles of ma chines. A guard which interferes seriously with output is not likeiy to be pop ular with either the operator or the management. Planning a guard, therefore, should be done in coop eration with the supervisor and the operator. Guard design must often be ap proved by state factory inspectors and insurance engineers. Since state codes are not uniform and at best represent only minimum require ments, the codes and recommenda tions of the American Standards As sociation are the best guides. Point of Operation Guarding the point of operation effectively is usually more compli cated than enclosing power-trans mission apparatus. Point-of-operation guards are in stalled at those parts of machines where cutting, shaping or forming is performed, and at other points where there may be a hazard to op erators inserting or manipulating stock. Guards should protect operators both from moving machine parts and from moving materials. This may be done by safeguards of the following types: 1. Mechanical feeding and ejecting. 2. Two-hand control devices. 3. Redesign of machine parts so that National Safet/ Nows, Match, 1954 tar Section 4--Machine Operation and Guarding it is impossible for the operator to get into the danger zone. 4 Devices that interrupt movement of tools or machines while any part of the body is in the danger zone. 5. Devices that pull or push hands away from the danger zone. 6. Barricades, covers, hood guards and other enclosures. 7. Interlocking devices. Power Presses. Automatic feeding and ejecting devices, enclosure guards, sweep guards, hand or arm "pull-back" guards, and stroke limi tation, are among the means used to control the hazard of operation. Few guards provide 100 per cent protection. For instance, an auto matic or dial feed may make it un necessary, but not impossible, for an operator to place his hands in the danger zone. But frequently an op erator cannot resist the impulse to straighten a misplaced part just be fore it passes under the ram. Automatic feed should be supple mented by a substantial enclosure which isolates the point of opera tion. This provides much safer op eration, especially on slow-moving presses. Machine parts are sometimes ad justed to minimize the hazard of op eration, as in limiting the stroke on a press so that the fingers cannot enter between the dies. Die design. On punch and form ing presses it is frequently neces sary to install guards of a different type for each set of dies used. For this reason, enclosure guards should always be considered integral parts of the dies. Hood enclosure and cover guards are used on woodworking machines and many other types of equipment. Frequently, such guards are auto matic in action. Others are of rigid construction. Nip hazards, such as rubber mills, calender rolls, dough breaks, and others, can be protected by sensi tively adjusted controls that operate dynamic brakes when contacted by any part of the operator's body. These guards stop the machine in the shortest possible time. Two-hand controls' are frequently installed on power presses, bakery machinery, guillotine paper cutters, and other types of equipment where barrier guards are not practicable. Interlocking devices prevent oper ation of the starting control when the cover or barricade is not in place. These are used on centrifugal extractors, dough mixers, tumblers, and some types of pressure vessels. Photoelectric guards. The photo electric relay consists of a beam of light. When this is broken by the press operator's hands the start or completion of the ram stroke is pre vented. The photoelectric relay re sponds instantaneously, is completely automatic, takes up little space, is easily installed and economical to maintain. Against these advantages are comparatively high installation cost and limited uses. On presses with friction clutches, the ram travel stops immediately when the light beam is broken. This method is not effective on presses with positive clutches because the ram will continue its stroke until the end of its cycle. The guard should be operated from a closed electric circuit so that current in terruption will automatically prevent the press from tripping. Radioactive guards have been used on some power press operations. The operator wears radioactive wrist bands. When his hands are in the protected area, the radioactive units are detected by Geiger tubes, and the press will not operate. Radio active materials are within safe limits. Power Transmission Power transmission apparatus in cludes shafting, belting, pulleys, gears, starting and stopping devices, and other moving parts of equip ment used in the mechanical trans mission of power. Also included are prime movers, intermediate equip ment, and other machines. Power transmission parts, particu larly in modem installations, con tribute a relatively small proportion of the total number of injuries. Nevertheless they can cause perma nent disabling injuries and should not be neglected. MECHANICAL APPARATUS INSPECTION Check th points listed below. Make recom* mendations to cover unsatisfactory conditions to that they can be corrected promptly. POWER TRANSMISSION ENCLOSURES OR GUARD RAILS OK Pulleys, flywheels......................... n Gears, sprockets, chains ..... LJ Sells; vertical, horizontal................. u overhead horizontal................. 11 11 Keys, setscrews, collars, couplings . U n Lubrication facilities ...... u CONTROLS Bectrkal storting devices . . . . ` Lockout devices............................. Tripping devices; foot, hand . . . n POINT OF OPERATION GUARDS Condition satisfactory..................... Correct adjustment......................... n /fa SAftTY INSTWiCttON CARO Ho. 77# V Hotfoot Sofoiy p*-t..*u Individual motor drives and i em designs with moving parts closed have eliminated much gy. ing on the job. However, guards must still be added machines are installed. Materials for Guards Sheet metal, perforated metal, ^ panded metal, heavy wire mesh bar stock may be used for types of guards. Transparent plastic is used whet6 inspection of moving parts is nen<?s. sary and the strength of metal h not needed. Shatter-proof glass is used in sim ilar situations, particularly where illumination of guarded parts essential and the flexibility of plas_ tic is not required. Where flying particles may mar safety glass or plastic, the surface may be protected by replaceable glass covers. Wooden guards are relatively low in strength but are sometimes used where splashes and fumes from cor rosive substances would attack iron or steel. Aluminum or other soft metals may be used where resistance to rust is essential, or there is pos sibility of damage to the machinery from iron or steel. Feeding tools. Several types of feeding tools have been developed for use on presses with automatic feeds or enclosed guards. These tools are made of soft metal, aluminum or magnesium. They include pushers, pickers, pliers, tweezers, forks, and suction disks. These tools are not substitutes for guards and should be used only in conjunction with twohand trips or pull-back guards. Supervision. Frequent checks should be made to see that instruc tions are observed and that safety devices are functioning. Operators occasionally make safety devices ineffective in an attempt to speed up production or make opera tion easier. This is especially fre quent with two-hand controls. Op erators should be warned of the hazards involved and instructed in the use of safety devices. REFERENCES Machine Operation National Safety Council Inspection and Maintenance of Power Presses--Data Sheet D-Me. 18 Individual Die Guards and adjustable Press Barriers--Data Sheet D-Me Press Brahes--Data Sheet D-Me .'8 Accident Prevention Manual 'or Indus trial Operations. National Safety News Taming the Saw--L. H. Re nek* July 1950, p. 24. Punch Presses Can Be Ciuaiueo K p. Thuma, Jan. 1950, p. 24. -- To !:<)* 192 iat National Safety News, March. 1954 Section 4--Machine Operation amf Oaardbp Electric Equipment j-CTRICITY for power and light P^Qntributed much to modem in- in efficiency, cleanliness and s*fhe flexibility of electric power ^rinfls installation of motors on inrvidual machines, or for driving Groups machines. This makes it "ossible to dispense with shafting, j^jts and other transmission equip ment which require extensive guarding and interfere with light, ventilatj0n and housekeeping. Installation, maintenance and use 0f electric equipment have intro duced new hazards but these are weU known and effective control measures can be applied. Rules for the use of electric equip ment are given in numerous publi cations, including the National Elec trical Safety Code, which deals with prevention of injuries, and the Na tional Electrical Code, which deals with fire protection. Electrical equipment which bears the approval label of recognized testing laboratories has passed ex acting tests and can be used with confidence. Installation. All electrical work should comply with applicable codes. Transformers, control boards, starting rheostats, and other appara tus should be placed where there is the least danger of accidental con tact with energized conductors. All exposed current-carrying parts should be further protected by en closures, railings or special guards. Motors should be mounted so as not to interfere with normal plant traffic. Non-enclosed type motors should be located in areas relatively free from dust, moisture, or corro sive vapors. Isolating equipment. When practi cable, transformers, control boards and other accessories should be placed in special rooms to which only authorized persons have access. If a separate room is not feasible, enclosures should be built around equipment having exposed conduc tors. Enclosures made of metal should be effectively grounded. Barriers may be used to prevent accidental contact with electrical equipment. Frames may be made of wood, rolled metal shapes, angle ircn or pipe. Filler may be of woodstrips, sheet metal, perforated metal, expanded metal, wire mesh, or shatter-prcof transparent material. Some protection can be obtained fay elevating wires and current-car rying parts at least eight feet above any working level to which employ ees (other than qualified electri cians) have access. Where long metal parts, such as rods, bars and pipes are handled, partial enclosures or barriers should be provided to prevent contact with overhead electrical installations. Warning signs should be displayed near exposed current-carrying parts, especially high-voltage installations. ' Many standard machine-guarding practices apply to electric equipment, but there are certain hazards pe culiar to electricity. Particular at tention should be given to the Na tional Electrical Safety Code and the National Electrical Code. Protective grounding is necessary for exposed non-current-carrying metal parts if the equipment is sup plied by means of metal-clad wiring, when installed in a wet location, and when it operates with any terminal at more than 150 volts to ground. Parts to be grounded include motor frames, cranes, cases of transformers and oil switches, wiring conduit, and metal lamp sockets. Frames of all portable motors which operate at more than 50 volts to ground should be grounded. Motors should be of the type and size required for the load and for conditions under which they must operate. Overloading over long pe riods, use of non-approved motors in areas containing flammable va pors or dusts, and defective wiring should be avoided. Lead-plated sheet steel enclosures (or safety switches and circuit breakers de signed for outdoor use and other appli cations where atmospheres are humid, dust-laden or corrosive. (General Elec tric Co.) Motor windings should be pro tected from metal particles, dirt, dust, lint or other material which may damage the windings or be come ignited. In areas containing flammable dust and gases, motors designed for haz ardous locations should be installed. The National Electrical Code should be followed. . Grounded metal enclosures are rec ommended for starting rheostats, switches, fuse panels, and other op erating accessories. In some devices, both switch and fuses are enclosed in a cabinet so arranged that the switch can be operated without opening the cabinet. The switch is interlocked through a cam so that the fuses are inaccessible until the switch is opened. Another type of enclosed switch permits the door of the cabinet to be opened with a key, even though the switch is closed. With either type of cabinet, it is possible to pad lock the door open or closed, and the switch can be padlocked in the open position. Maintenance and repair work. When repair work is being done on motors, their controlling devices, or the machinery they drive, the cir cuit should be de-energized by opening the necessary switches and locking them in the open position. If a switch cannot be locked open, it should be blocked and a tag at tached showing that the switch is to be closed only by the man whose name appears on the tag. Warning signs should be displayed. Wiring depends upon type of building construction, size and dis tribution of electrical load, exposure to dampness or corrosive vapors, lo cation of equipment, and other fac tors. For most plant conditions, rigid metal conduit, effectively grounded, is most satisfactory. Other methods which may be used under certain circumstances include armored cable, non-metallic sheathed cable, flexible metal conduit (BX), raceways, and open wiring on insu lators. National and local wiring codes should be observed. Over-Current Devices Fuses or circuit breakers should be installed in every circuit. Pro tection of this kind, both for per sonnel and for equipment, is impor tant. These devices open the circuit automatically in the event of exces sive current flow due to accidental ground, short circuit, nr overload. Types of fuses include: A link fuse is a strip of fusible metal between two terminals of a To page 194 National Safety News, March, 1954 189 Section 6--Machine Operation and Guarding Hand and Power Tools HAND TOOLS of various types are used in even the smallest shops. Since their use involves accidental contact with cutting edges cr severe blows, they are responsible for nu merous injuries on the job. Estimates of the percentage of dis abling injuries caused by hand tools range from 5 to 15. While many of the injuries involve only first-aid treatment, these slow down work and offer chances for infection. Hazards are increased by selection of the wrong tools for the job, neg lect of maintenance, and the idea that anybody can use them. Portable power tools have the haz ards of hand tools increased by high speed operation and more severe blows. With electric tools there is also the hazard of shock. Types of Tools Tools commonly used in industry are of the following general types: 1. Metal Cutting--Cold chisels, mark ing tools, bull chisels, hack saws, tin snips, cutters. 2. Wood Cutting-Chisels, gouges, saws, axes, adzes, hatchets, knives, brad awls. 3. Lifting--Levers, crowbars, jacks, hooks, shovels. 4. Torsion--Wrenches of various types, pipe tongs, screwdrivers, pliers. 5. Striking--Hammers, sledges, mauls, picks, punches. Some tools belong in more than one classification. An ax, for ex ample, is both a cutting and a strik ing tool. Accident causes. One or more of four primary causes are responsible for injuries with hand tools. Fol lowing are examples: 1. A wrong or improvised tool--a file or screwdriver for prying; a wrench for hammering. 2. A defective tool--a burred chisel head; a dull saw or knife: a split maul handle; a tool of poor quality. 3. Tools incorrectly used--striking iwo hard-surface tools together; fail ing to take practice swing with sledge to adjust for clearance; pulling on pliers in line with face. 4. Tools not put away--wood chisel loosely laid in tool box; hammer left on edge of machine; knife left on table. Selection. Tools for both routine and special work should be kept in stock or readily available. High grade tools are the best buy and the difference in initial cost is offset by longer life, reduced upkeep and lessened risk of accident. Suitable arrangements should be made and responsibility placed for the purchase, handling and care of tools. The purchasing department should be kept informed of tool per formance as a guide to future pur chases. Alloy steels have strength and toughness combined with light weight which justifies the higher cost for some jobs. Alloys are used for hammers, wrenches, screwdriv ers, wood working tools, pliers, rivet sets, saws, knives and punches. Some alloys offer resistance to mushrooming, and chipping but no tool should be subjected to unneces sarily rough use. Non-ferrous hammers or mallets should be used for striking tempered or case-hardened tools. These ham mers are usually made of copper, lead, bronze, brass, rawhide, or wood. Handles. With hammers, sledges, axes, picks, etc., the greatest strain is where wood and metal join. An adequate supply of good handles should be kept in the toolroom. These should be straight-grained wood, free from slivers. Hickory, ash and maple are preferred. Handles should be fitted by an experienced person. Insulated tools. For working around electric equipment, tools with insulated handles are frequently used. These provide desirable pro tection but are not a substitute for rubber gloves and other protective devices. Marking tools. Steel stamps and holders for stamping Identification marks on machine parts and other metal surfaces are available in al loys which resist mushrooming and do not chip readily. Car movers. For moving cars on rails, car movers which do not slip readily are available. When two men TOOL KEEPERS (Important Responsibiliti,,j Will* only titMt tool* ttiot you inow |0 ^ Permit no tool with a muihroomer l ** the tool room: hov* *'' oil cold chisels, chisel bars, cutter* or other shock tools with bod htads dressed before they ore issued. Keep the jaw* of wrenches In good condition; worn workers ogoinst misusing them. , Keep oil thorp-edged _ toots sharp; Veep the edges protected vh!|t storage. , If any toot shows si.ggnns, of being ,mp,ep,. tempered, withdraw .t from serv.ee; tty the trouble and havee it corrected. 6. Portable electric and pneumatic tools should L kept In the best possible condition; chc^ quently the condition of switches ond contrJ valves, elorftric cord and hose connections, 7. If a grinding wheel has been abused, give it the "ring test." (See Safety Instruction gf(j No. 108,} Know the safe speeds and how t4 mount and adjust the wheels. 8. Store grinding wheels so they cannot be abused 9. When issuing goggles, make sure they are suit, able for the work, and thot they fit comfortably. l) SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARD No, 13$ Revised Nev^ are needed to move a car two car movers should be used. Ordinary crow bars should not be used. The Tool Room 1 Centralized tool control facilitates I uniform inspection and maintenance f of tools. Special equipment, such as } exhausted grinders and welding * equipment permit uniformly good j maintenance. Protective equipment, | such as goggles, can be recom- I mended and issued with the tools. I Centralized control also makes it I possible to keep effective records on I tool failure and helps locate unsafe | conditions and unsafe acts. Tools are j exposed to less damage than with scattered storage. A procedure can be set up so that the attendant can send tools in need of repair to a department equipped for reconditioning. Some companies issue to each em ployee a set of numbered checks at the time of employment. These are exchanged for tools at the supply --To jviqe 202 190 National Safety N*w v0,,* 1954 Section 6--Machine Operation and Guarding Two-hand MICRO trip control on punch press. It is con trolled by feather-touch actuation of both switches at the same time. MICRO trip users report up to 20% increased production from power presses-- with SAFETY MICRO trip and selector control. Requires actuation of four hand switches by the two operators. Can be set for operation by one to four switches. MICRO trip electrical clutch controls provide instantaneous electrical response. Their light-touch actua tion reduces operator fatigue. They permit operators of punch presses, power shears, hydraulic presses and other power machines to work with complete freedom from worry. MICRO trip cannot be "cheated." It is a two-handed tripping device so designed as to prevent tying, wedging or otherwise securing one switch so as to operate with one hand only. Any component failure automatically breaks the clutch operating circuit. It affords complete protection to machine operators and set up men. MICRO trip also may be used with single switch control in circumstances where one hand is otherwise occupied. It is also ideal for multiple operator installation. Electrical signal systems can be tied in with MICRO trip. MICRO trip permits single stroke control for positive mechanical clutch machines and automate cycling control for hydraulic, pneumatic or friction cl^^ch machines. Send lor MICRO trip catalog today. Write to MICRO, Freeport, Illinois, for name of distributor nearest you. MICRO MAKERS OF PRECISION SWITCHES FREEPORT, ILLINOIS A DIVISION OF MINNEAPOLIS-HONEYWELL REGULATOR COMPANY MICRO trip provide* automatic cycling control on huge paper cutter. Operator holds two switches until cut is made. Naftona/ Safety News, March, 1954 191 Section i--Machine Operation and Guarding JUNKIN Your SUREST Protection Against Press Accidents JUNKIN safety guards prevent press accic nts, afford maximum protection, increase press produc tion, lower insurance costs and generally improve plant morale. Make an investment in safety now and investigate Junkin Safety Guards for primary and secondary punch press operations. Write for free catalog "The Key to Protection". JUNKIN ENG'ttfRfD '* SMI* *-* SAFETY APPLIANCE CO. 101 S. FLOYD ST. LOUISVILLE 2. KENTUCKY Guarding the Machine --From page 188 Electronics in Plant Operation--W. A. Black. Jan. 1954, p, 24, Radioactive Press Guards--James H. Lea cock, Aug. 1953, p. 32, American Standards Assn. Mechanical Power Transmission Appara tus, Safety Code for--B15-1953. Compressed Air Machinery and Equip ment, Safety Code for--B19-1938. Power Presses and Foot and Hand Presses, Safety Code fot^Bli.1-1948. ' Machine Guard Accident Facts i Reports from compensation authorii ties in Iowa and Pennsylvania indi; cate that unguarded or inadequately j guarded machines are frequently in volved in work accidents. However, ' detailed investigation of individual accidents shows that guard deficiencies are more frequent than shown in these state reports. Special reports on more than 500 punch press accidents show the follow ing distribution of unsafe mechanical or physical conditions: Guard deficiencies 378 Press deficiencies 97 Poor design 10 Unsafe dress 10 Improper or no hand tools 16 Other 27 Undetermined 52 Total 590 Of 378 cases of deficient guarding, in 254 there were no guards, or guards were inadequate, incomplete, or out of adjustment. In 171 of these cases the press itself was involved; in the re maining 83 cases tools or dies were not sufficiently guarded. Power saws are one of the most fre quently used machines, and one of the most hazardous. The lack of, or re moval of guards, and improper use of guards are the foremost accident fac tors. Other important causes of acci dents include failure to use push sticks in feeding material and removing ma terial from around the blades, and use of machines by other than regular operators. The most frequent single unsafe practice in the operation of all machin ery is failure to stop the machine !w 1 adjusting, repairing or cleaning. danger of contact with moving part, been fully demonstrated by the U* quency with which accidents of fr; type occurred. In a recent anal?!1 f metal working lathe accidents ,1 example, cleaning or adjusting with power on was a factor in 25 U* cent of the reported injuries. ^ Lubrication MODERN MACHINES operate high speeds on countless bearing, which need proper lubrication * l frequent intervals. New lubricant, \ and new lubricating systems had te t be developed to meet industry'. . needs. ? Lack of lubrication contributes to j the danger of fire or machine failure I by causing excessive heat or damage j to the surfaces of moving parts. 1 Over-oiling also creates hazards, I If oil drops or is splashed on motor f bearings, it deteriorates the insula tion, exposing live conductors. These will arc, causing fires or electrically charge ungrounded surfaces. A survey of the plant should be made to determine lubrication re quirements and the information shobld be entered on the machinery records. Machinery then should be checked for missing fittings and oil cups and plugged oil holes. Automatic lubrication is safer and more efficient than direct applica tion of oil or grease to bearings by use of an oil can or grease gun. I Automatic oilers are of the fol lowing types: Capillary oilers Wick oilers Ring and chain oilers Gravity feed oilers Pump feed oilers Cartridge lubricators Machines with hundreds of remote bearings can be served efficiently Secure PERFECTION in PRO DUCT by using an ILLUMI NATED MAGNIFIER now av;ili able in many sizes and enlarge ments. With the data mi ,-mir INSPECTION or safety y-,44, our engineers with 40 ,a experience can solve ......... THE 5URTT MANUFACTURING CO. 4136 W. Kinzie Chicago 24 Headquarters for ALL POINT OF OPERATION GUARDS 192 Notional Safety New,, 1954 Section 6--Machine Operation and hoarding Operator confidence soars--and so does production --with the Schrader Press Control. For this control is definitely a two-hand device. It is designed so that the hands that feed the die must also operate the press. Both hands must be used simultaneously for each operation of the press and cannot stray into the danger zone when the ram comes down. This increased safety of Schrader's Press Control lets operators build a worry-free rhythm that puts new speed in your presses in just a short time. What's more, Schrader Controls end the fatigue common with mechanical foot pedal operation --a Schrader- Reduce Danger Here equipped press can be run as easily as an ordinary typewriter. Wherever you have a power press or any machine with a mechanical clutch--there's a chance to increase safety . .. boost operator confidence and thus increase production with a Schrader Control. Let us help you decide what will best fit your needs. Write, describing the machines you plan to equip--or fill i out the coupon below. RC6, 0. 5. PAT. OFF. Air Cylinders Operating Valves Press & Shear Controls * Air Election Sett Blow Guns Air Line Couplers Air Hose & Fittings * Hose Reels * Pres* sure Regulators & Oilers Air Strainers Hydraulic Gouges Uniflare Tube Fittings National Safety News, March, 1954 products control the air Mail This Coupon Today A. SCHRADER'S SON Division of Scovill Manufacturing Company, Incorporated 452 Vanderbilt Avenue, Brooklyn JS, N. Y., Dopt. R-1 I am interested in more information on................................. Name________ --_____________._____________________ Title Company----___________________----............... ................. Address----------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- 193 Section 4--Maefcin* Operation and Guarding Do your present safety tools give you these four advantages? ; SAFE-"Berylco Safety Tools aren't half safe--they're absolutely safe, because they're made of beryllium copper and are non-sparking in the presence of explosive or Inflammable liquids, gases and dusts. Nonmagnetic and noncorrosive, they are also ideal for chemical or marine use. TOUGH --Beryllium copper is a high- performance material so rugged that It is used for bearings in hard-working machine tools. Berylco Safety Tools have the strength of mild steel. They resist heavy impact, retain their cutting edges for a long time, outlast cheap tools by far. HANDY-- Because of Ihe great strength of beryllium copper, Berylco Safety Tools are better designed -- and thus easier to use--than safety tools made of less sturdy materials. Ordinary safety tools are given strength through size; workmen like to use easy-to-hand!e Berylco tools. LOW COST-- Berylco Safety Tools are competitive with steel tools of equal quality, yet the pennies you spend on them may save you dollars in plant damage or lost production time. Remember, foq, initial cost doesn't include replacement cost; you replace Berylco tools less often than cheap tools. Here's another important advantage of Berylco Safety Tools. They're sold by regional warehouse distributors the country over. For the name of the one nearest you--and for a complete, illustrated catalog of over 400 tools--write The Beryllium Corporation, Dept. 4B, Reading 14, Pa. SAFETY on MILLING MACHINES SEARJEANT NEW ENCLOSURE-TYPE GUARD Made tor easy adjustability, the Searjeant Enclosure Guard on your milling machine* will serve both safety and production. . . . Safety is assured because this Guard eliminate* the hazards of exposed cutters and of operators being caught and pulled into the cutter*. ,, t Because of this increased safety, production i* increased: no need to stop cutters while changing pieces; pieces can be changed closer to rotating cut ter*: operator* work with greater confidence--and, therefore, greater speed. Other Guards Made by Searjeant: Single H Double Adjustable Sweep Guards Basket Guard End-Zone Barrier Guard Non-Repeat Mechanisms SEARJEANT METAL PRODUCTS, INC. 10 Pimford Road Mandon, N. Y. 194 and economically by central^-, terns. Clean oil or grease 4 ^ !i\Jplied under pressure from th ^ tral pumping unit to every The lubricant is renewed as the machine and operati* ^ quire, which may be once 0r each shift or several times an >vl On some systems an irxdicat hr,,. I nals the delivery of the ^ *''1 amount of oil to each bearing ^ With a central pressure ^ there is no need to stop the chine for lubrication and the i"5- ardous job of crawling machines is eliminated. over % Pressure lubrication systems quire the use of special greases, single lubricant has been found ^ for all types of machines. ? For Older Installations On older machines addition of an j automatic system may not be prac \ tical. Other measures will help j, improve lubrication and reduce th* hazard to the oiler. One or more of these methods may be used f0t reaching remote bearings: 1. A service platform or runway giving access to several bearings. Mov. ing parts of machinery should not pro. ject over platforms: if this is unavoid able, these parts should be enclosed 2. A small car suspended from an ! overhead I-beam enables the oiler to I travel parallel to the line shaft, and j reach bearings with his oil can or j grease gun. I 3. Long-spout gravity flow or force- s feed oil cans enable the oiler to stand i in the clear. Some of these have spouts long enough to reach overhead line shaft bearings from the floor. 4. Oil reservoirs at individual bear ings with control devices operated by hand poles. ' 5. Extension pipes on bearings where grease or oi cups are in the danger zone. These may not be practical in cold places where low temperatures make it difficult to force oil or grease through the pipes. Electric Equipment --From page 189 fuse block. If exposed, it may scatter hot metal when it blows. Explosion fuses are used in cen tral stations, power houses or on overhead lines. When they blow, the gases generated aid in quenching the arc. Plug fuses are used on circuits which do not exceed 30 amperes at not more than 150 volts to ground. The type which cannot be bridged inside the holder is recommended. Cartridge fuses have fusible metal strips enclosed in fiber tubes. Those National Softly Ntwt, March, 1954 Section 6--Machine Operation anti Guarding Safety is no accident WhetiJ OYelectrical connectors are on the job In Industry . . . metallic dust, grime, moisture and careless handling are dangerous enemies of electrical connector performance. Con stantly present around most installations they quickly try to increase resistance, crack insulation, fray wiring and corrode contacts, thereby shortening the life span and reducing the safety of electrical con nectors. Fortunately, JOY plugs and receptacles are little affected by these conditions. Vulcanized to their cable as one-piece molded Neoprene units, they can't crack ... won't lose shape ... and require no special consideration to insure a long life of safe, efficient service. Hundreds of styles and sizes are now available for Industrial needs. So for safety's sake remember JOY when you next need electrical connectors ... and in the meantime ask for your free copy of Bulletin MC108. It provides valuable additional information on Industry's favorite plugs and receptacles. MORE THAN 100 YEARS ENGINEERING LEADERSHIP JOY MANUFACTURING COMPANY HENRY W. OLIVER BUILDING, PITTSBURGH 27, PENNSYLVANIA IN CANADA JOY MANUFACTURING COMPANY CANADA! HD GAIT. ONTARIO BULLETIN MC108 M E, 253.1 National Safety News, March, 195 Utility Outfit (Cot. Ill) There is no dangerous spalling or mushzooming when you use Mecco Saiety Marking Tools! These tools--thoroughly proved in every type of marking appli cation--provide maximum serv ice life, deeper and more legible impressions--with greatest safety made possible by means of out special alloy steel, available only in Mecco Safety Marking Tools. A few of these tools are illus trated-- hundreds more are avail able to fit your marking needs. W.dg.-Grip St.*., (Cat. 101) Hevi-Bevl Stomps (Cat. 101) Wedge Grip Hand Holder (Cot. 128) Write for new Catalog 100 today! M.E.GUNNINGHAM CO. 1 053 CHATEAU STREET, PITTSBURGH 33, PA. THE NEW AND IMPROVED POSSONS POSITIVE DEVICE OSBORN SAFETY PLIERS Positive Safety Fast Production Smooth Operation A type for every kind of press. Meets all safety requirements. More than 30,000 in use! Write today for catalog and names of users near you. THE POSITIVE SAFETY MFG. CO. 4403 Perkins Avenue, Cleveland 3, Ohio IN CANADA: SAFETY SUPPLY CO., TORONTO 196 And they eliminate another hazard too: shattering. That's because Osborn pliers are made of Osmolloy--the aluminum alloy that flattens instead of shattering under impact. That means double pro tection: to workers' hands ... to ex pensive dies. Remember: one ruined die cays for hundreds of Osborn pliers. Ask for folder $553 showing dozens of Osborn safety pliers. OSBORH Manufacturing Co. Dept.-N$ Warsaw, Indiana National Safety News, March, 1954 Hazard!WMfMATEVm Here's why HY-TESTsteam hose spells SAFETY... Special tube assures extra long life. Braided steel wire plies provide tremendous strength and safety. Asbestos breaker ply serves as insulator. __ fough cover withstands external abrasion. NYB&P's HY-TEST hose is built so that it just can't burst and spray out superheated steam--steam that can badly scald and even kill! This unique steam hose is reinforced with several rubber-encased plies of closely-woven braided steel wire that positively prevent sudden failure--at working pres sures up to 200 pounds! After long and severe service, harmless seepage through these blowout-proof plies provides ample warning of the need for replacement. Add to this safety feature a specially-compounded steam-resistant inner tube, a breaker ply of spiraled asbestos cord that keeps the outer surface cool, and an extra tough, abrasion-resistant cover and you have a super-service, super-safe hose for superheated steam: HY-TEST steam hose! Such advanced industrial rubber products as Gilmer "Timing" Belts, Resistorip Conveyor Belting and HY-TEST Hose are available only from NYB&P Distributors. For name of your nearest distributor, write us ... or phone PRescott 7-6940, Passaic, N. J. National Safety Now$, March, 1954 NEW YORK BELTING & PACKING CO. 1 Market St., Passaic, N. J. 7 America's Oldest Manufacturer of Industrial Rubber Products 197 Section 6--Machine Operation and Guarding JUNKIN ELECTRO-LOCK SHIELD ' which indicate when the fuse is I I blown and the refillable types in I ; which fusible elements may be re- ! | placed are available. j ; Insulated fuse pullers should be I kept on hand for pulling and re- j I placing fuses. It is a code require ment that fuses be protected by a switch which will deenergize the | fuses when opened. If the fuse is ; j not protected by a switch, the supply I end of the fuse should be pulled out . first, and in replacing, the supply end ! should be inserted last. Circuit-breakers are used in high voltages or large current capacity circuits, and are becoming more common in many kinds of circuits. , They may be instantaneous in op- i oration, equipped with timing de- i vices, manually or power operated. The Shield Which Commands Operator Safety The position of the Junlcin Electro-Lock Shield is controlled by mercury switches. Interlock ing power and light circuits will not perdltt the machine to operate unless the shatter-proof shield is in a completely pro tective position. Affords per fect visibility, and protects the operator from flying particles. Write for free bulletin No. 103. Switches | I Types of switches in use include snap switches, knife switches, en closed externally operable air-break switches, and oil switches. Those de signed for controlling individual mo tors and machine tools and for lighting and power circuits are of (he enclosed type. Open-knife switches are undesir able because of exposure of live parts and because of the arc formed when the switch is open. It is ad visable, therefore, to enclose knife switches in grounded metal cabinets having a control lever extending through a slot in the cover. Oil switches have contacts which operate while submerged in oil. They are especially desirable in circuits of 750 volts or more and may be used also in lower voltage circuits. Snap switches, such as pushbut ton or toggle types, usually have live parts enclosed. Flush switches should be installed in metal boxes, and surface switches used in open wiring and moulding work should be mounted on porcelain or plastic sub bases. These switches should indi cate whether the circuit is open or closed. Snap switches are preferable to key or pull-chain sockets. Key sock ets, if used, should be of porcelain, plastic, or other non-conductive ma terial. Pull-chains should contain non-conductive links. Protection against accidental shock from live electric parts, such as I switchboards, fuse panels and co.. trol equipment is obtained by in sulating the floor area within reach of live parts. For low-voltage exposures, dry : wood floors without metal parts, or insulating mats, may be used. Mats should be non-conductive, moisture resistant, and able to withstand and Reduce Danger of Costly Accidents with the RAIL CLAMP . . . It will not slip! Its safe per formance has been proven in heaviest industries--steel mills, foundries, shipyards, mines, quarries and cement plants. The M & M Rail Clamp will give years of safe, economical service. Body is electric furnace steel casting; lugs and wedges are highest grade drop forgings. Simple construction saves time in positioning and moving up. Why not give employees in your plant this low-cost extra pro tection and at the same time' reduce danger of costly derail ments. Order an M & M Rail Clamp and see how well it per forms for you. SAFETY FIRST SUPPLY COMPANY 425 Magee St. Pittsburgh 19, Pa. 198 National Safetv Newt. March T9S4 For tools with cutting edges or gripping teetn -- specify Ampco be* ryIlium Copper Tools, f I How to select the proper Safety Too! c For tools subject to im pact and/or torque -- specify tools of Ampco Metal. For jobs in the vicinity of acetylene and similar gases -- specify Ampco Monel* Tools. *T. M. International Nickel Co. National Safety Newt, March, 1954 ALL fires are costly -- in property damage, in lowered employee morale, in interrupted production. And the best way to fight a fire is not to let it start. That's why a small investment pays off in real fire protection, when you provide Ampco Safety Tools for use in hazardous locations. Ampco Safety Tools are approved and recommended by Fac tory Mutual Laboratories and other leading safety authorities for use wherever there's a special fire hazard -- spray booths, paint lockers, gasoline-storage areas, etc. The Ampco Safety Tool line is the largest available anywhere. From more than 400 items select the right tool for practically every one of your jobs. Order today -- to take advantage of reduced insurance rates and greater employee safety. Rg. U. S. Pat. Off. AMPCO METAL, INC DEPT. NS-3 MILWAUKEE 46, WISCONSIN West of the Rockies, it's Ampco Burbank Plant, Burbank, Calif. In Canada, Safety Supply Co., Toronto, Ontario 199 Section 6-Machine Operation and Guarding VAULT COVERS FOR VALVE, METER, TRANSFORMER AND DISTRICT GOVERNOR VAULTfJ ,?r- The Wachs Safety Counterbalanced Vault Cover can be opened with ease and safety by one man. To open, merely insert the combination Key-Handle, give it a half turn and open the cover with one hand. The counterbalance weights that make lifting the cover a one handed job also hold it in an upright, protective position while a man is below. Designed and manufactured to withstand the heaviest traffic, many of these units have given trouble free service for over 40 years under the most rugged conditions. Several leading utility companies have had them in use for this period of time. Write todayfor descriptive literature showing dimensions, weights, construction, prices, etc. THE E. H. WACHS COMPANY f. nA.*v Uf Usu:*- J 1525 NORTH DAYTON STREET - CHICAGO 22. ILLINOIS What Is He Using to Prevent Serious Injury? The Prescott Safety Tool Those who have been using danger ous, old-fashioned hand, foot and bar methods of closing hopper bottom car doors with latch-type locks should be provided with this protective tool. It will prevent many ruptures, strained backs, and smashed fingers. Write today for free folder. The Trumhull Mfg. Company WARREN, OHIO 200 mechanical abuse in service Cords, Sockets, Lam Extension cords should k. type listed by Underwriters' t5* ratories and labeled to show ance with all requirements50?11! National Electrical Code 1,'V should be inspected regularly JV) ing or excessive bending "0f : should be avoided. ^ Ordinary lamp cord should n used where it will be expos2 mechanical wear or to moists ^ never for extension lamps in b0jj*'' tanks, or on damp or metal floor^ Cord for portable tools and equ. ment is made in several gr^ Rubber-sheathed cord should t. used with tools and lamps in tanks and other grounded enclosq^ For heating devices, such as el% trie irons and water heaters, cord has an insulating covering COn> taining flame-proofing material suejj as asbestos fiber. It resists high ten. perature but not dampness. Sockets should be of porcelain non-conducting plastic, or rubbi covered. Ungrounded metal-shell sockets are not recommended. Extension lamps are sometimes used under conditions where a shock of 110 volts might be fatal. Safe cords and lamp holders must be pro. vided and maintained in good con dition. Handles should be of non conducting material and there should be no metallic connection between the lamp guard and the socket shell Miniature voltage. Portable trans formers which step the lamp voltage down to 6 volts are frequently used where the shock hazard is serious. Training. The safety program should include thorough training of all employees who install or operate electrical equipment. In addition to instruction on the hazards of elec tricity they should be trained in arm-lift, back-pressure method of resuscitation. Distribution employ ees should also know the pole-top method. REFERENCES Electricity National Safety Council Accident Prevention Manual for Indus trial Operations. Grounding Portable Electric Equipment --Data Sheet D-Gen. 42. Methods of Locking Out Electric Switches --Data Sheet D-Gen. 41. Scientific Pacts Concerning Electrical Hazards--Safety Reprint Gen. 4. National Safety News Electricity and the Human Body--W. B. Kowenhoven, Feb. 1951, p. 30. Your Electric Equipment--D. L. Beeman, Nov. 1948, p. 24. Low Voltage, High Hazard--Herbert Hein rich, Oct. 1953, p. 122. American Standards Assn. National Electrical Code--Cl-1951 .Na tional Board of Fire Underwriters Pamphlet No. 70). National Electrical Safety Code--C2-1947 (NBS Handbook H30). National Safety News, March, 1954 T niifrtiITIntl HOW A FORCE OF NATURE IMPROVES STEEL MILL SAFETY Section 6--Machine uperai goggle blocks the main, forming a tight, leak-proof seal. BAILEY THERMAL EXPANSION GOGGLE VALVES Safety and efficiency in closing the larger sized gas mams are provided by Bailey Thermal Expansion Goggle Valves. In them, the powerful force of linear expansion and contraction of three steel tubes is used to free or clamp the goggle plate--providing an absolutely gas-tight seal. In operation, steam is passed into the tubes, which are spaced evenly around and perpendicular to the rigid steel flanges of the valve. The resulting ex pansion frees the heavy goggle plate so it may be swung to the open or closed position. When the steam is shut off, contraction of the tubes takes place, closing the flanges tightly against the goggle plate. Since both sides of the plate are machined to conform to the machined edges of the valve flange, Bailey Valves are leak-proof in both Designed to protect men and equipment, this heavy duty Bailey Valve was produced for one of the nation's major steel makers. Although its diameter is 120" and its weight is close to 42,000 lbs., it is precisely machined to assure a tight, positive gas seal. j AN UNFAILING force of nature--the I linear expansion and contraction of steel--is being used to increase steel mill safety. This powerful force, applied to Bailey Thermal Expansion Goggle i Valves, provides a safe, dependable , means of positive shutting off large gas mains in emergencies or for repairs. | The Function of Goggle Valves j Ranging in diameterfrom 36" to 120", this type of valve long has been indus try's standard method for controlling gas in the large mains for blast fur naces, gas washers and boilers. They take their name from one of their component parts--a large, moveable plate shaped like a pair of aviation goggles. This plate has one "goggle" open, the other of solid steel. When a gas main is in operation, the open goggle allows gas to flow through it freely; when the gas is to be shut off, the plate is moved until the closed Bailey Thermal Expansion Goggle Valves are produced in diameters from 36" to 120". open and closed positions. Sound design and precision manufac ture are combined in these valves to assure the ultimate in safety and reli ability. They have been thoroughly proved on the gas mains of blast fur naces, gas washers and boiler plants. Bailey Thermal Expansion Goggle Valves are completely dependable in hot or cold, dirty or clean gas mains. National Safety Newt, Match, 1954 WILLIAM M. COMPANY 1221 Banksville Road Pittsburgh 16, Pa. 201 Section A--Machine Operation and Guarding Try the MODERN SAFETY DRILL TABLE Uutler Our FREE TRIAL OFFER For Faster, SAFER Work Combines a drill table, a vise, a set of par allels and V bloclc. No more lost fingers, from hand held jobs that slip. No more 30 minute set-ups for a I minute drilling oper ation. Made in 6 sizes, from 8" to 28" dia. We guarantee each Safety Drill Table will save its cost on labor alone in A months, to say nothing of plant down time when vital maintenance is delayed even a few minutes. WRITE FOR FREE FOLDER Shows many typical set-ups, and use on redial drills. Complete specifications on all models. Covers MONEY BACK GUARANTEE and 30 DAY FREE TRIAL OFFER. MODERN MACHINE TOOL CO. Jackson, Michigan Hand and Power Tools --From page 190 room. By this system the atten knows where each tool is and call it in for inspection at re* intervals. In companies with jobs at sev; locations it is not always practiea' to maintain a tool supply room, such cases the foreman should uus, spect all tools frequently and *4 out of service those found defectiv^J A check list for tools considered! most hazardous is helpful. Some workmen prefer to use they own tools rather than those nished by the company. Privately, owned tools should be subject to the* same inspection as those owned by the company. Carrying Tools Tools should never be carried where they might interfere with using both hands while climbing. 4 strong bag, bucket, or other con tainer should be used for hoisting or lowering tools. Chisels, screw drivers and pointed tools should never be carried edge or point up in the pocket. They should be carried in a tool box or cart, in a carrying belt like those used by electricians and steel work ers, in pocket tool pouch or in the hand with points and cutting edges away from the body. Display boards are often used for maintenance and repair tools and do much to encourage return of tools. In other plants, racks or bins which can be moved to the work area are PORTABLE ELECTRIC TOOLS 202 t. Use only equipment that is in good condition. Take food car# of it. 2. I# sure fht tool is properly froundod. 3. Report tho following unsafo conditions: Dofoctivo or broken insulation on cord. Improper or poorly mado connections to torminals. Broken or othorwiso dofoctivo plug. Loos# orbroken switch. Brushes sparking. 4. Oo not overstrain tho tool, thus overloading tho motor. $. Never use a portable electric tool in tho prosonco of flammable vapors or fasts, unless it it do* signed far such use. I SAKTY INSTRUCTION CAHO No. 9 I Hattooat Safety Cowell National Sahty Newt, March, 1954 These require periodic checkto see that tools are in good i! _ 1 individual workman's tools shelUld be kept in a box or rack con'venient to his work area. The j^'x should have designated places fg[ such things as wire brushes, jjjisels, saws and knives to avoid ex posing sharp edges. Inspection. Permissible wear limits j-or tools should be set up as a guide for inspection when they are re amed to the crib. Lacking such standards, the attendant or inspec tor should be qualified to pass on condition of the tool for future useperiodic inspections of all tool op erations are needed to insure effi cient control. Inspections should in clude housekeeping in the tool crib, tool service, number of tools in the inventory, handling procedure, and condition of tools in general. Maintenance and repair require adequate facilities, such as work benches, vises, forge or furnace for hardening and tempering, tempering baths, repair tools, grinders, gog gles and adequate lighting. Repairs should be done by trained men. An adequate supply of repair parts should be kept on hand. Non-Sparking Tools Where hand tools may strike a spark and ignite flammable dust, gas or vapor, non-ferrous tools are wide ly used. These tools are made of such metals as aluminum, bronze, brass and beryllium-copper. Tools made of these alloys in clude hammers, chisels, punches, prybars, screw drivers, scrapers, spatulas, picks and shovels. Special tools of any type can be made to order. Substances easily ignited include gunpowder, lint, TNT, carbon disul fide and ethyl ether. Being softer than steel, non-fer rous tools are less likely to break off fragments from the metal being worked on by the tool. With continued use, these tools may become impregnated with par ticles of foreign substances which may cause sparks if not removed. Non-ferrous alloys are more ex pensive than steel and these special tools are used only where there is an explosion hazard. Portable Electric Tools General classifications of handoperated power-driven tools are: I. Abrasive tools, such as disk and portable belt sanders, polishers, and bench and flexible shaft grinders. --Next page -AND h A*e so **** ihstaui Section 6--Machine Operation and Guarding H&K &toMxlci/icCiyed' SAFETY GUARD PARTS make guard building so easy. With our perforated angles, bands and gussets the sturdy frame is quickly assembled and mounted on our detachable floor posts and sockets. Then our peforated sheet, which provides fine visibility and a smooth easily cleaned surface, covers the frame and from then on limbs and lives may be saved. Standard steel strips, 5" and 6" wide with slots %" wide punch press guards are easily and inexpensively formed. Safety inspectors recommend-- shop operators are grateful. Harrinqton & K>nc? P L H F O h'a r i N G I 'Co ' 5445 Fillmore Strut, Chicago 44, Illinois 114 Liberty Street, New York 4, New York SAFETY EQUIPMENT FOR AIL INDUSTRIES M&M RAIL CLAMPS Used for car stops, on loading platforms, tempo rary sidings, cars on grades and traveling cranes. THIS : The Dangerous Way l THIS THE SAFE WAY Used end recommended by leading Steel Companies, Manufac turing Plants, Mines, Grain Elevators, Cement Plants and Quarries, I lilil WRIT1 Equipment fo>i all 9nduAinie6. inDUSTRIM PRODUCTS CORIPRRV I 2850 N. FOURTH STREET PHIIADEIPHIA 33, PA. Section 6--Machine uperanon ana wuoramg 2. Drills. 3. Saws and other cut-off tools, rout ers, etc. 4. Assembly tools, such as screw drivers, nut runners and tappers. 5. Hammers. 6. Sheet metal shears. 7. Fans. Portable electric tools are gener ally designated as: Light duty, for intermittent use on light work. Special duty or standard duty, for slightly heavy work or fairly con tinuous operation. Heavy duty, for continuous opera- | tion and production service or for i heavy work. r Safety switches, which operate the ! motor only while the switch is held ! in the closed position by the opera- ! tor, should be used. Three possible methods of pre venting electric shock to the opera tor are: (1) Prevent electric contact with the shell; (2) Use non-conductive material for the shell and all parts which the operator may handle; (3) Ground the shell by j means of a third wire grounding. ' Grounding is generally c. the most practical method61 guarding the operator ag^': REFERENCES Tools, Portable Hand and J>0 National Safety Council ^1 Accident Prevention Manual , trial Operations. ** i Hand Knives--Data Sheet D-rs, Powder-Actuated Hand Tools-.,?' V. D-Gen. 34. National Safety News SI Maintaining Electric Hand tv> A. Hill, Pen. 1950, p. 30, When You Use Portable Electric *, i B. B. Ramey, Apr. 1948, p. 20. Check It to Check Your acom L George MacDonald, Feb. 1953, p. 34 % I alloy steel WHEEL BLOCK HOLDS ANY TRUCK, TRAILER Large size Wheel Block available for Extra Hoavy Duty. Stop Accidents... Reduce Insurance Rates with Positive...Safe CASTEEL WHEEL BLOCKS! Cute*! Safety Wheat Block! will prevent acoldents and damage due te movement or shifting of parked trucks, trailers or tractors--eap bo used to anchor any round object dur* Ing storage, shipment or use. Ahe widely used on tow trucks to provtde additional holding power during winching operations. Lightweight, tough, Indeetruotibio. Casteel Wheel Blocks havo a wide curved tread plate te provide maximum tiro contact; heavy steel gripper teeth on base plate prevent creep or slip even on ice or anew. Center rib support and hlph strength (80,000 lbs. per In. tensile strength) alley steel make Casteel Safety Wheel Blocks the strongest safest, most durable blocks on the market. Block can be carried on truck or chained te dock, using holo provided in center rib support. Writ* for fiteraturo, prim, and noma of nearest distributor. Hand Tool Accident Facts Hand tools were responsible .1 per cent of all compensated work T juries, according to reports from Departments of nine states. Cuts 'I lacerations were the type of injur, half of the cases. '| Surveys by the New York State D, I partment of Labor shows that 44 cent of compensated hand tool ca*, were permanent partial disabilities, 55 per cent temporaries, and less thaa\ per cent permanent total and death, a worker other than the one injured yrj, using the tool in one out of 17 accidents It was also shown that the principal New... Improved POW-R-SAFE TOOL TESTER *3! CALUMET STEEL CASTINGS CORP. 1646 Summer Street Hammond, Indiana Safety Guard for Shears and Presses A Safety Application of the "Electric Eye" If operator's hands are too close to blade or die during the closing stroke, machine is automatically stopped. Cur tain of Light equipment available from 1-inch (illustrated above) to 12 inches height. Fail-safe circuit, foolproof operation. Bulletin with full information is available. ELECTRONIC CONTROL CORPORATION 1573 E. Forest Avenue Detroit 7, Michigan 204 Instantly, Accurately Detects Un safe Conditions In Electric Tools, Extension Cords Stops Accidents BEFORE They Can Occur Fendall POW-R-SAFE Tool-Testers prevent accidents and injuries caused by electri cally defective tools. The New Model B, featuring one-button operation, automati cally safety-checks tools in only 7 sec onds. Other models also available. Send for lull details NOW! FENDALL COMPANY 4631 N. Western Ave., Chicago 25, ill. National Safety News, March, 1954 in hand tool injuries, 76 per cent, ^ the glancing or slipping of the tool injjuasned' tool injuries reported in Penn,jvania in 1951 indicate that of unsafe ahanical conditions involved, defec tive tools were reported for half of the jCCjildents, while the majority of the 'plaining cases involved hazardous gngements or procedures. it* fhe Circular Saw The circular saw is one of the most uSeful of woodworking power tools, gnd it is also the most dangerous. It causes more permanent disabilities than any other machine in the in dustry. Rim speed of a circular saw should got exceed 12,000 fpm, unless the saw has been manufactured or ham mered for a higher speed and is so marked. When turning at high speed the teeth are almost invisible. Following are important points in guarding: 1. The saw must be equipped with a hood that will cover the saw to at least the depth of the teeth. 2. The hood must automatically adjust itself to the thickness of the material being cut and remain in contact with it, unless the hood is in a fixed position. Then the space be tween the bottom of the guard and the material must be no more than half an inch. 3. Exposed parts of the saw blade under the table must be guarded. 4. There should be a clear view of the saw at the point of operation. 5. Guards should be designed and constructed to avoid vibration. 6. All teeth should be even in length. 7. The blade should not be lumpy or warped. 8. The depth, size and shape of the gullets should be such as to let all sawdust discharge freely. The bottom of the gullet should be round. 9. The cut in th wood should be a trifle wider than the thickness of the saw blade. 10. A saw must be discarded if it has a crack longer than 5 per cent of the diameter, unless the diameter is reduced to eliminate the crack and the tension is corrected. Swing Cut-Off Saws 1. Swing cut-off saws must have a device to return the saw auto matically to the back of the table when released at any point. Fiber National Safety News, March, 1954 Section Machine Operation and Guarding THE STORY of the BROKEN GRINDING WHEEL! A whirling grinding wheel can tell its own story of havoc when it explodes . . . But in this case Perks Safety Washers do the telling! A test conducted in the StaSafe laboratory used the new neoprene faced Perks Safety Washers and an 8" grinding wheel cracked in two places. At 5,000 RPM-- an outer surface speed of 12,500 feet per minute --Perks Safety Washers held the wheel intact! Standard Safety does not recommend to you the use of broken grinding wheels--even with Perks--but Standard Safety does recommend Perks Safety Washers as a precaution against pos sible tragedy in your company. Perks Safety Washers are easily installed on any size grinding wheels. Keep your equipment and personnel safe-guarded. Write now for Bulletin No. 54 con taining complete information about Perks Safety Washers. STANDARD SAFETY EQUIPMENT CO. 232 W. Ontario St., Chicago 10, Illinois For Greater Safety be sure it's ACRO Safety Parallels For Drilling, Tapping, Counterboring, Milling & Grinding. ACRO SAFETY PARALLELS Support Dies & Jigs Speed Up Work. Give your hands greater freedom around the machine. WRITE FOR INFORMATION (Some jobber territories open.) JERICO SAFE AND ECONOMICAL 4744 W. Lake Street, Chicago 44, Illinois 205 >ecnon o--matm/ic Power Press Guards Protect Operators * Increase Production Wiesman cam-action press guards enable operators to work at top speed without fear of accident. Guarding is effective and com* piefeiy automatic . . . does not hamper operator's vision or movement. For all sizes and styles of presses. Used by hundreds of firms. Inexpensive . . . easy to install. Over 30,000 sold Write for descriptive folder and 30-day FRfJF trial offer. Address- Wiesman Manufacturing Co. 31 South St. Clair Street Dayton 2, Ohio Guide Pin Covers PROTECT OPERATOR AND GUIDE PINS Effectively guard against injury to op* erator, die and press on operations where bushings leave the guide pins. Protect pins and bushings from chips and dirt when entire pin and bushing are covered. Inexpensive, easy to attach. Felt Oiler Ring top units provides POSITIVE lubrication. WRITE TODAY FOR DESCRIP* T1VE FOLDER AND PRICE LIST Name_____________ Address .......... ... Title__ ____________ Wiesman Manufacturing Co. 31 South St. Gair.Streef Dayton 2, Ohio rope or cord must not be used in the device for this purpose. 2. Limit chains, positive stops or table extensions must be provided to prevent the saw from swinging beyond the front edge of the table. 3. Where it is possible to pass be hind a swing cut-off saw, the rear of the saw must be completely housed when the saw is in its back position. The housing must include the swing frame as well as the saw. Manual-Feed Ripsaw 1. A hand-feed ripsaw must be equipped with a splitter or spreader to prevent pinching or binding. It must be slightly thinner than the saw kerf and slightly thicker than i the saw disc. 2. Anti-kickback devices of steel J should be designed and installed so as to be effective for material of all thicknesses. Announce Development of | New Acoustical System | A method for reducing noise in large industrial areas, through the , combined use of aluminum panels , and glass fiber insulation, has been ' introduced. Perforated, corrugated aluminum panels are suspended on aluminum angles to form a ceiling; then, the glass fiber insulation either is placed directly on top of the panels or is separated from the panels and attached above them to existing ceiling, to leave space for ventilating ductwork or other installations. The system has been tested by Riverbank Acoustical Laboratories, Gene va, 111., and by a number of indus trial installations, one of them an aircraft plant. The technique, known as the Rey nolds Lifetime Aluminum Acoustical System, was introduced by Reynolds Metals Company, and is being dis tributed through Elof Hansson, Inc., New York. The combination of aluminum panels and glass fiber insulation ab sorbs sound at all frequencies and provides an efficient fire-resistant acoustical system of pleasing mod em design. The system can readily be installed in old buildings, covering up utili ties, fixtures, and pipes. Also claimed for the system is ease of mainte nance. The lightweight panels and blanket, weighing less than one-half pound per square foot, can quickly j be pushed up or removed from their I supports to provide unlimited access ' to utilities. If necessary, the ceiling also can be inexpensively changed j to conform to a new floor plan. I In addition to providing a noise- reduction coefficient of Up one of the highest on record il acoustical material, the glas^l blanket offers these impo^ \| tures: It is non-combustible * ture-repellent, and automati,,l''li, provides efficient thermal inspi^i! As a result of its insulating qyj"it | both summer cooling and TjS heating costs are greatly reduc*?^ I The system can be installed S i by suspending the rustproof, staining panels from the roof,'fJ1'u ing or truss work by wires or ^ straps, or by direct attachment the existing ceiling. When the oi ^ fiber blanket is separated from* ^ j aluminum panels, the ceiling ! adaptable to air conditioning Sv'! 1 terns. *s' The aluminum panels are of ,024 inch thickness, and are available six or eight-foot lengths with 3334, inch width to give net coverage 0"| 32 inches. The six-foot panels pro. vide 16 square feet nominal net cov. erage and the eight-foot panels 2p, square feet coverage. The glass fiber blanket comes in thicknesses varying from W to 2" and can be mounted with various backings to meet specific needs. Installation is done by a nation wide chain of experienced franchised acoustical contractors. THEBERGMAN a$ty,-panner yu can *rust MADE OF THE TOUGHEST ALUMINUM-MAGNESIUM ALLOY WILL MOT The Bergman SAFTY"SPANNER CO. 927 BUTLER ST., TOLEDO 5, OHIO 206 National Safety News, March, 1954 Defense Against Fire SAFEGUARDING life and property against fire depends upon four fun damental principles: j. Fire prevention engineering. 2, Early detection and extinguish ment3, Limiting Uu.nage due to fire and 0re extinguishment. 4, Prevention of personal injuries from fire or panic. Causes. The majority of fires in industry can be traced to four gen eral causes: 1. Open flames and high temperatures _stoves, furnaces, ovens, lamps, weld ing and cutting, dryers, heated pipes and surfaces, matches, smoking. 2. Friction--hot bearings, belts, cut ting, grinding, drilling. 3. Electricity--defective wiring, static electricity, arcs, sparks, heat resistance. 4. Chemical reactions -- spontaneous ignition, use of reagents, acids, oxidiz ing agents. Incendiary fires. These may be the acts of enemy agents, individuals with grievances, and trespassers who try to cover up theft or are merely careless with fire. A general tightening up of plant protection measures and careful identification of employees are sometimes needed. In some cases, establishment of re stricted areas may be desirable. Regional offices of the Federal Bureau of Investigation are ready to work with industry in the pre vention of subversive activities. Planning Protection The first step is a survey of the plant -- its layout, manufacturing processes, materials handled, stor age methods, and fire protection facilities. With this information, plans can be made for improving structure and layout, installing additional or dif ferent equipment where necessary, and training employees in methods of prevention and extinguishment. The municipal fire department should have a prominent place in all plans. Its members should be fa miliar with the plant and its prob lems. They can also give helpful suggestions on training and equip ping plant fire brigades. The plant should not depend on the city fire department alone. Even under the best conditions, it takes time for outside apparatus to reach the fire, and in times of emergency the department may be busy else where. In many plants, fire protection is one of the responsibilities of the safety department. Even in larger plants where there is a division of duties, the safety department has an important part in any program in volving protection of life and prop erty. Plant organization for fire-fighting may range from a few trained employees with hand extinguishers to a full-time company fire depart ment rivaling those of some cities. Fire squads. The first step for any plant is to organize fire squads. A squad may consist of five or six men in each department. They should act as inspectors, reporting and cor- Flrst-aid fire extinguisher boards are located in each section of Eaton Manufacturing Company's Axle Division plant. Carbon dioxide, foam, vaporizing liquid, and soda acid extinguishers are mounted on boards, with instructions on what type of fire they are to be used on. (Walter Kidde & Co.) Section 7--Plant Protection reefing conditions which might cause fires. They should be taught the use of extinguishers, by actual dem onstration of equipment on small fires, where practicable. Men so trained will keep their heads in an emergency. They put out many fires before they do any serious damage, and also help to prevent panic. Fire brigades. For the larger plant, hydrants and hose systems are basic items of protection and they need trained men to use them. Mem bers of department squads can be members of the plant fire brigade. These men should be familiar with all details of the plant, its pro tective system and water supplies. They should be drilled frequently in handling hose streams, which is no job for an amateur. Each man should have a definite task. Some should be assigned to protecting goods and machines from water damage. Private fire departments. Some plants whose buildings and grounds cover a large area have full-time fire departments with motorized equipment. The department super vises the whole plant protection pro gram and is trained in specialized techniques of fire fighting. Any program of fire protection should be in operation around the clock, not the main day shift alone. Watch service. Watchmen are vital to the protection of industrial property. They discover and cor rect fire hazards, detect the out break of fire, extinguish incipient fires, and call help promptly when needed. The watchman should be a ma ture, able-5 died man who is loyal and dep ridable. During period? when the regular working force is absent the safety of the plant de pends to a large extent upon him. The watchman should be familiar with all parts of the fire protection system, including sprinkler systems, valves, drains and fire pumps. He should know how to operate extin guishers. Recorded hourly rounds for watch men are recommended for most plants. Approved watch clock or supervisory systems give a record of calls at each station. Fire prevention engineering. Con ditions responsible for starting fires and causing them to spread rapidly are avoided by fire-resistant con struction, isolation of hazards, good housekeeping and power storage for combustible materials. First step in the control of fire hazards is recognition that they nrta exist. The services of a qualified fire prevention engineer will be helpful in planning for both preven tion and protection. Extinguishing Methods There are many types of apparatus designed for a variety of risks, but all extinguishers are based on one of two fundamental methods of quenching fires: (1) Bringing the temperature of burning material be low the kindling point; (2) Depriv ing burning material of oxygen which supports combustion. Water Supplies. Water is the most widely used and effective extin guishing medium for most types of fires. Important exceptions are those with electrical equipment, flammable liquids, and in materials where wa ter damage would be excessive. In determining supply require ments, structural conditions and processes must be considered and the number of streams that might be required to cope with a blaze. Pumping equipment should be able to supply enough streams at adequate pressure. Allowance should be made for pumps out of service for repairs and for continuity of pumping in event of power failure. Hydrants should be located throughout the plant area so as to give adequate coverage of all build ings, and preferably not more than 50 feet from any building. Systematic maintenance is essen tial. When hydrants are installed, attention should be given to drain- FIRE PREVENTION CHECKLIST Fir* Extinguishing Apparatus In proper place Q Unobstructed Q Clearly marked Q In working order Housekeeping Premises free of com bustible materials Q Metal containers for oily rags No accumulations of rubbish Q Safe storage of flam* mables No leaks and drippings of flammables [j Passageways clear of obstacles 0 Electrical Equipment No bar* wiring or badly worn insulation Q Ground connections clean and tight Q Fuse and control boxes clean and closed Q Motors and tools free of dirt and grease Q No lights near combus* tible materials Q No poor splices No makeshift wiring Q Heat and Flame No Smoking areas clearly indicoled Q Ashes kept in metal containers 0 Gas jets off 0 No gas leaks Q Hot pipes clear of combustible moteriaisQ Safety Instruction Card No. 237. Types of Fires Fires have been classified by derwriters and manufacturers'1*1' three main groups. '*) Class A. Fires in ordinary comb tible materials, such as wood, p,"' textiles, and rubbish. They renf?' quenching or cooling effects of or solutions containing large prc tions of water. r' Class B. Fires in flammable liqujj such as gasoline, solvents, oil, gr^T' paint, varnish and lacquers, v;Wj blanketing or smothering effect is m sential. Class C. Fires in electric equipn,e_, such as motors, generators, and switch panels. These require a non-conductivi, extinguishing agent. Fires in motor vehicles, aircraft anti motorboats have the same problems of extinguishment as Class B but equip, ment must be portable. Extinguishing agents must be nonfreezing. age to minimize the danger of freez ing in cold weather. Hydrants should be kept clear of snow and a thaw ing device provided. Standpipe and hose provide effec tive protection inside buildings when used by men trained in handling heavy streams. They are a valuable auxiliary to the city fire department. Piping should be of sufficient size for buildings of more than four stories. Couplings. All outside hydrant nipples and hose couplings should be of the American Standard 2M>inch fire hose thread. For outside use, 214-inch singlejacketed rubber-lined hose is ordi narily used. It is flexible and light in weight. Double jacket hose is used principally for the rougher service in municipal fire depart ments. Rubber-covered hose is sometimes needed where there is exposure to fumes or corrosive liquids. Neo prene has been found superior to natural rubber for fire hose. The 1%-inch hose is useful for small fires and for wetting down fires after the blaze is under con trol. It can be handled easily by one or two men. Playpipes and nozzles. Standard underwriters' playpipes throw an effective stream but are difficult to handle, particularly on ladders. The short rigid playpipes with strap and ladder hook, with shut-off nozzles to prevent excessive water damage, are more suitable for plant use. --To page 214 Nfitinnnl fnfmhs Mu/ T9C4 I Section 7--Plant Protection First-Aid Extinguishers Larger units of %- to 3-gallon capacity are operated by stored gas or air pressure. PORTABLE extinguishers can be brought into action in the vital min xes before the company or city tire bj-igades can reach the blaze. Their prompt use by employees has pre rented a vast amount of damage by both fire and water. Effectiveness of extinguishers de pends on: 1. Right type for the risk. The wrong type may actually spread a fire, or create other hazards. 2. Correct location. If the employee must go too far to reach one, or if the access is blocked, valuable minutes may be lost. 3. Regular inspection and mainte nance. Apparatus is subject to deterio ration and misuse. 4. Training of employees. The best extinguisher is useless if the user is un trained in emergency procedure. Types and Uses Common types of extinguishers are: 1. Soda-acid 2. Vaporizing liquid 3. Carbon dioxide 4. Foam 5. Dry chemical 6. Gas cartridge 7. Hand pump Some extinguishers are available in both hand and wheel types. The wheel type is highly mobile and ex tra extinguishing capacity is needed for severe exposures. For Class A Fires Only: Soda acid extinguisher is filled with a solution \ of bicarbonate of soda. A P bottle in the top contains sulphuric acid. When the extinguisher is turned upside down, the chemi S cals mix, forming a gas which propels a stream of water. Most extinguishers of this type have a capacity of 2Vz gallons. They provide a stream of 30 to 40 feet lasting about_i>ne minute. Gas cartridge extin guishers look much like the soda-acid. They op erate the same way ex cept that when inverted they must be bumped on the floor. This drives a pin into the cartridge, re leasing the compressed gas which forces water through the hose. The extinguisher may contain either plain water or water with an anti-freeze chemical added. Pump tank is made in 2Vs and 5 gallon sizes. Plain water or a nonfreezing solution can be used. Hard pumping will force a stream 30 to 40 feet. It is difficult to use while being carried. Somebody else can refill it while it is in use. Carbon dioxide extin guisher discharges gas through a horn-like noz zle by operating a hand wheel, squeeze grip or trigger type mechanism. These extinguishers are available in a wide range of sizes, containing from 2 to 750 pounds of car bon dioxide. The larger units are For Class A and Class B Fires: These extinguishers are suitable for use on Class A fires in ordinary combustibles and Class B fires in mounted on wheels. The gas is noncorrosive and leaves no residue. Successful operation requires a close approach to the fire. flammable liquids. They should not be used for fires in electrical equip ment. Dry chemical extin guisher operates by squeezing a handle or turning a handwheel at Foam extinguisher is the top, which punctures shaped like the soda-acid a cartridge of carbon di and is operated the same Sway. In the outer part of the extinguisher is a solution of water, bicar bonate of soda and a foam making ingredient. Inner chamber contains oxide in the neck of the extinguisher. This forces bicarbonate of soda out through the hose. The powder is treated to pre vent caking. The 15-, 20-, 25- and 30-pound water and aluminum sulphsaitzee.s have a range of 10 to 12 feet. When the extinguisher is turned The 140- and 300-pound extin upside down the chemicals mix and guishers can discharge a stream 35 force out a foaming stream. The ex to 45 feet or a fan shaped stream of tinguisher contains gallons of liquid and generates eight times that amount of foam. Foam extinguishers also come in 10-, 20 -and 30-gallon wheeled units. shorter range. Approval. Approved extinguishers carry the label of Underwriters' Laboratories and/or Factory Mutual Laboratories. Such extinguishers Loaded-stream extinguisher looks and operates like the gas cartridge type. Instead of water it contains a special solution of an alkali-metal salt. bear an instruction plate giving di rections for inspecting and recharg ing, also the type of fire (Class A, B or C) for which the equipment is recommended, and its unit rating. Only approved extinguishers For Class B and C fires: should be purchased. One essential is adequate capacity. A vaporizing These are the only extinguishers liquid extinguisher must contain not which may he used safely on Class less than one quart of the extin C fires (electrical equipment) as guishing agent to meet recognized well as flammable liquid, or Class B, standards. fires. They do not contain water. Placement. An extinguisher may Vaporizing liquid ex tinguisher, one-quart be useless if an employee must spend valuable minutes looking for size, is one of the most familiar types. Carbon it, or if it is blocked by piles of materials. Here are six recom tetrachloride is the ex tinguishing agent. It is operated by pumping the handle. In contact with heat the liquid turns into a heavy vapor which blankets and smothers fires. In addi tion, vaporizing liquid works effec tively on Class A fires. Range is about 20 feet and stream lasts 45 mended rules: 1. Locate extinguishers close to likely fire hazards but not so close that they will be in the fire zone should fire occur. 2. Place extinguishers so access to them will not be blocked by fire. 3. Install enough extinguishers to deal with any blaze which may be expected, the rapidity with which it might spread, intensity of heat, etc. seconds. --To page 214 209 Section 7-Plant Protection FASTER MORE EFFECTIVE... MORE DEPENDABLE F/RE-STOPP'NC POWER ANSUL FIRE EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT FASTER... A short, quick downward motion of the puncture lever pressurizes the extinguisher and it ready for instant use. MORE EFFECTIVE . . . Even the inexperienced oper ator gets near-expert results because of the ease of operation and handling. In addition ANSUL "PLUSFIFTY" Dry Chemical has greater fire-killing power. MORE DEPENDABLE . . . Exclusive ANSUL-ENG1- NEERED design features include water-tight and corro sion-resistant construction, easy, on-the-spot recharge without special tools and other exclusive Ansul devel opments which insure greater dependability. FIRE-STOPPING POWER. . . ANSUL FIRE EXTIN GUISHERS have the highest ratings for fire-stopping power ever awarded any type of class B and C fire extinguishing equipment. Send for File No, B-208. You will receive a variety of helpful printed matter. Included is our latest catalog which describes Ansul Extinguishers of all sizes -- from the small Ansul Model 4 to Ansul Piped Systems and An sul 2000 lb. Stationary Units. OFFICES AND DISTRIBUTORS IN PRINCIPAL CITIES IN THE U. S. A., CANADA AND OTHER COUNTRIES 210 Notional Safety News, Match, 1954 T ANSUL Section 7--Plant Protection PROVIDES THE MOST COMPLETE LINE OF DRY CHEMICAL FIRE EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT HAND PORTABLES NEW WHEELED PORTABLES MODEL 4-C MODEL 20-B MODEL 30-B MODEL 150-B MODEL 350-B In Ansul's complete line of Fire Extinguishing Equipment there is a model of just the right size to adequately protect nearly every type and area of class B and C fire hazards in, or around, your plant. And, more important, even the largest capacity wheeled portable and station ary equipment by Ansul, is designed for quick, easy, one-man operation. Ansul Fire Extinguishers are designed for max imum effectiveness even when used by inex perienced employees. They are easy to operate and can be quickly recharged "on-the-spot." No special tools are required for recharging, in spection or maintenance. In addition, all Ansul Equipment is water-tight and corrosion-re sistant for longer, trouble-free service. TRUCK MOUNTS, TRAILERS AND FIRE TRUCKS I STATIONARY EXTINGUISHERS AND PIPED SYSTEMS ANSUL v&m FIRE EQUIPMENT DIVISION MARINETTE, WISCONSIN MANUFACTURERS OF DRY CHEMICAL FIRE EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT, REFRIGERATION PRODUCTS, INDUSTRIAL AND FINE CHEMICALS AND LIQUEFIED GASES 2J1 Section 7-Plant Protection Automatic Protection AUTOMATIC DEVICES which detect fire, sound alarms, and put out fires guard life and property 24 hours a day. This protection is most needed when the plant is shut down at night or on week ends and holidays but it is valuable in sup plementing human watchfulness when men are at work. Automatic plant guards are of two types: 1. Fire detection and alarm systems. 2. Sprinkler and chemical extinguish ing systems. Signal Systems Signal systems of various types detect fires and give alarms, and supervise sprinkler systems, water supplies, and watchmen's service. Signal systems are operated on three main plans: 1. Central station system. Signals are transmitted to an independent central station where they are re corded and proper action for the emergency taken. The central sta tion may serve several companies. 2. Proprietary system. Similar to a central station but controlled and operated by the owner of the pro tected property. 3. Local system. Owned and oper ated by the protected company but does not have an operator constantly on duty at a central station. Detectors and Alarms Fire detection and alarm devices operate on the mechanical, pneu matic-electric, straight electric, and electronic principles. Some of the newer types are based on some form of electronics in conjunction with thermostats. These are more sensi tive than the earlier types. Electronic devices have been in stalled on ships where air samples from the cargo holds are drawn through a cabinet jjast an electric eye or gas analyzer which detects smoke instantly and sounds an alarm. Detectors similar to the ma rine type can be used in many in dustrial locations. Where fires may start slowly and smolder for some time, photoelectric equipment often detects smoke be fore heat-actuated devices are af fected. Watchmen's supervisory systems transmit and record signals made at watchmen's key stations. This sys tem is frequently combined with fire 212 alarm systems. A plant guard's failure to check in at any station along his route is promptly recorded at the control desk or panel. Such supervision has checked many incipient fires, prevented many robberies and brought aid to watchmen rendered helpless by accident or sudden illness. It has also prevented much water damage by sprinklers. Watch service. Watchmen are vi tal to the protection of industrial property. They discover and correct fire hazards, detect the outbreak of fire, extinguish incipient fires, and call help promptly when needed. The watchman should be a ma ture, able-bodied man who is loyal and dependable. During periods when the regular working force is absent the safety of the plant de pends to a large extent upon him. The watchman should be familiar w'ith all parts of the fire protection system, including sprinkler systems, valves, drains and fire pumps. He should know how to operate extin guishers. Recorded hourly rounds for watch men are recommended for most plants. Approved watch clock or supervisory systems give a record of calls at each station. Automatic Sprinklers Sprinklers go into action auto matically soon after a fire breaks out, deluging the area below. They operate in heat and smoke and con trol fires that could not be reached by other means. Since their intro duction in 1875 they have played an important part in reducing indus trial fire losses. Over a period of years, insurance records show that more than 95 per cent of fires in sprinklered buildings were extinguished or held in check by sprinklers. Well-designed spray sprinklers give good lateral and downward coverage. {Auto matic Sprinkler Corp. of America) In the few cases where sprinku i have failed to function when needed the fault has rarely been due to f sprinkler mechanism. Deficient wa,. ter supply, freezing, defective J pipe valves, foreign material in the i system, corrosion, obstruction 0fj sprinkler heads by stock piles, 0t paint on the sprinkler heads are among the causes. The sprinkler head contains a fusible plug which melts and re leases the water when a prede termined temperature is reached. Valves control distribution of water to all parts of the system. Various types of heads are avail able for use under a wide range of temperature conditions. Wet-pipe systems are used where there is no danger of pipes freezing. Water is maintained under pressure right up to the sprinkler heads and operation is immediate. Dry-pipe systems are used where there is danger of pipes freezing. Air under pressure instead of water, is maintained in the pipes. Opening of a sprinkler head releases the air pressure, resulting in the operation of a valve admitting water to the system. There is a slight delay be tween the opening of the sprinkler head and the discharge of water. After a fire, sprinkler heads should be replaced promptly. Sprinkler supervision. Sprinkler systems include devices to give automatic alarms when the sprin klers operate. These devices detect: 1. Open or closed position of con trol valves. 2. Flow of water in sprinkler sys tems, indicating fire or leakage. 3. Water levels and temperatures in gravity and pressure tanks. 4. Air pressure in dry-pipe systems and pressure tanks. 5. Fire pump steam pressure. 6. Voltage of supply for electric fire pumps. --To page 218 National u-..l nit* ^cviiwii # --i ivMii i tvsewiua He likes to go to blazes. "Little Mo" -- a small fire truck that's packed to the hilt with Rockwood fire-fighting equipment -- streaks to fires, knocks 'em down and quenches them in seconds. Can be operated by one man, if necessary! In the test above, fuel in a pit under the tank cars was set on fire -- and more fuel poured on top of the cars from pipes. This, too, was ignited and the blaze given a minute's start. In rushed "Little Mo" -- and out went the fire in 45 seconds, choked off by Rockwood WaterFOG from Rockwood's Remote Manual Control Turret. What's more, 10 inches of water still remained in "Little Mo's" 200-gallon booster tank, after the fire was out. Thanks to Rockwood portable fire-fighting equipment, even a small truck like "Little Mo" can battle fires with powerful efficiency. The Turret Nozzle, alone, discharges solid water stream, WaterFOG, FogFOAM, solid FOAM, "Wet" solid water, and "Wet" WaterFOG! Rockwood engineers water to cut fire losses. Leading manufacturers of fire trucks will install Rockwood Fire Fighting Products at your request. ROCKWOOD SPRINKLER COMPANY Engineers Water... to Cut Fire Losses It'* leaded! "Little MoY' equipment include*: 4 stage centrifugal pump with electric primer, 200-gallon booster tank, Rockwood Dual Suction Proportioning System for FOAM and "Wet", Rockwood Remote Manual Control Turret controlled from within cab, Rockwood Ground Sweep Nozzles, Rockwood Remote Control Ball Valves, 2 Hannay reels with 200 feet of high pressure hose with new Rockwood High Pressure Handline Nozzle on each reel. National Safoty Newt, March, 1954 SEND FOR THIS INFORMATIVE BOOKLET i t i ROCKWOOD SPRINKLER COMPANY i i Portable Fir* Protection Division 72 Harlow Street i Worcester 5, Mass. 5 I t Please send me your illustrated l booklet on Rockwood fire-fighting t t products. I t Name............ ,................... i t t Title............................... I I Company.............................. t l Street .......... ......... I t City........................ .............. I Zone................ ............State 213 Section 7-Plant Protection Defense Against Fire (From page 208) Adjustable spray and straight stream nozzles (for both 2l/fe- and 1%-inch hose) give water curtain protection for firemen and blanket ing effect. They also provide solid streams for penetration. Water spray (fog) nozzles are ef fective for oil fires. Water fog, owing to its low conductivity, can be used safely on electrical fires. Its effective range is limited to a few feet but this can be offset to some extent by using applicator pipes of varying lengths. Foam-generating equipment is used where large quantities of flammable liquids are stored. For some exposures permanent generat ing equipment should be installed. Foam systems may be either auto matic or manual in operation. There are two types of foam, chemical and mechanical. Chemical foam is formed by a chemical reaction in which masses of bubbles of carbon dioxide gas and a foaming agent produce an expanded froth. Mechanical foam consists of bub bles of air produced when air and water are agitated mechanically with a foam solution. Several types of foam nozzles now available produce foam to combat different types of fires. Fire doors should either close automatically each time they are opened or be closed by a heatactuated device if fire should break out. The most common device is the fusible link. The releasing device should be located where it will be affected quickly by heat passing through the doorway and it should be protected against mechanical injury. Where flash fires may occur, quick operating devices are prefer able, except for doors used as exits. Fire shutters are used for windows where there is an exposure hazard from adjacent buildings. Shutters may be of the swing type (tin clad or steel) or rolling steel. The latter type can be installed where space is too limited for swinging shutters. Sliding shutters are not recom mended where snow and ice might interfere with their operation. Sources of Information Specific and accurate advice on fire problems may be obtained from fire insurance carriers, local insur ance inspection bureaus, municipal fire departments, National Fire Pro tection Association, National Board of Fire Underwriters, Underwriters' Laboratories, Associated Factory Mutual Laboratories, and other recognized agencies. is treated to remove impurities ancl to depress the freezing point. Before recharging soda acid and foam extinguishers, the shells and all parts should be thoroughly rinsed with warm water. Protection from Freezing. Carbon dioxide, vaporizing liquid and dry chemical extinguishers will not freeze. Soda-acid and foam extinguishers should be installed in heated cabi nets. Gas cartridge extinguishers, pump tanks and fire pails use calcium chloride solutions. Flameproofed Fabrics Limiting Fire Areas Fire Doors and Shutters. For large buildings, fire-resistive parti tions with fire doors are important in confining fire to a limited area. Several types of doors with varying degrees of resistance have been ap proved by testing laboratories. Extinguisher --From page 209 4. Mark locations conspicuously. 5. Identify each unit for the type of fire it is designed to combat. 6. Protect extinguishers from traffic. Marking locations. Contrasting backgrounds make extinguishers conspicuous in the excitement of a fire. Methods include: 1. Painting a large red or white back ground on the wall. 2. A large red spot on the floor under the extinguisher. 3. Vertical red bands with yellow borders down a wall or column where equipment is placed. 4. Lights of distinctive color which do not conflict with exit lamps. In some cities and states, textile fabrics used in places of public as sembly must be flameproofed. The flameproofing process also increases resistance to weather and mildew. Textiles may be purchased already treated or customers may send their own fabrics to the mills for flameproofing. Flameproofing materials are avail able in proprietary compounds or under their chemical names. In gredients include ammonium sul phate or phosphate, ammonium chloride, borax and boric acid. Thpy are usually applied to the fabric in saturated solution. Detailed information, including materials, methods of tests, stand ards, etc., may be obtained from the following sources: Fire doors are helpful in confining fires to a limited area. They should either close automatically or be closed by a heat- actuaiea device in case of fire. Recharging. Commercial carbon tetrachloride should not be used for vaporizing liquid extinguishers. It may cause deterioration of the shell and interior mechanism. Vaporizing liquid furnished by manufacturers MTXttlI Research InstIt"te: Fireproofing ________ ... . tvwvwvu iuaux nvcWQ* mended Requirements for Flameproofing of Textiles. National Safety Council: Data Sheet DT-2, Fire Retardant Treatment for Fabrics. National Bureau of Standards: Circular C 455, Flameproofing of Textiles. 214 National Safety New,, March, 1954 Section 7--Plant Protection AMERICAN-LA FRANCE NEW DRY CHEMICAL FIRE EXTINGUISHERS PDC-30 When fire hifs, these new Ameriean-LaFrance Dry Chemical models are ready to stop it. Simply pull pin and squeeze lever. No gadgets to operate, no last minute pressurizing from a gas cartridge or cylinder, no inverting, no bumping, no shut-off nozzle on the hose needed. They're ready to go! Their fire-smothering efficiency is aided by a scien tifically designed Discharge Nozzle which fans the Dry Chemical downward in wide pattern and with great density. Their 150 (plus 25 minus 0) psi. air (or nitrogen) pressure maintains uniform duration of the Dry Chemi cal discharge pattern. A glance at valve gauge indicates whether unit is in operating order. When partially operated, the extin guisher can be left standing without loss of air pressure, for use on a possible reflash. The Ameriean-LaFrance Dry Chemical Valve is com pletely new also. It is ruggedly built. No special tools needed. Contains few parts. Equipped with Safety Relief Valve. Complete valve and siphon tube assem bly removes as a single unit for recharging. They're water-tight, and noncorrosive. Tested for vibration and for operation at temperatures from minus 40 s F. to plus 150 F. A Moisture Trap provides for pressur izing with air. Write for free illustrated literature. -e ki. 19*d 215 Section 7--Plant Pretaction Static Electricity SPARKS resulting from accumula tions of static electricity are a com mon source of fires. They are par ticularly dangerous in atmospheres where there may be flammable vapors, gases and dusts. The hazard is most severe in cold, dry weather. In warm, humid weather most surfaces have a film of moisture which helps to draw off static charges. Static charges result from friction between small particles, or from contact and separation of two unlike substances, one or both of which are nonconductive. Flow of gasoline or other flam mable liquids through hose, or dust laden air through non-conductive passages may produce static charges. Static electricity is generated on dry .belts, particularly on rubber or leather belts by the contact and separation of belt and pulley. Excessive accumulation of static charges can be prevented by use of conductive rubber belting. Belts can be grounded with sharp pointed metal combs or metallic tinsel static collectors which are grounded. Where highly flammable vapors may be present, combs are not rec ommended. Chain drive or conduc tive rubber belts with metal pulleys should be used. Conductive belt dressings are helpful if they are renewed frequently. erate static electricity and ignite explosive mixtures of dust and air. Machines should be bonded and grounded at a number of points. Humidity maintained at or above 60 per cent at 70 F. helps to prevent accumulation of static charges. High humidity is obtained by special humidifiers or steam jets installed on blower type heaters. Ionization of air is also used. Ionized air contains electrically charged particles which conduct static charges to grounded parts of machines. Ionization methods in clude gas flames, discharges of high potential electric current, and radia tion from radioactive material. These methods require expert installation and maintenance and may involve fire or health hazards. Body static charges may create a hazard in areas which contain highly flammable dusts, gases and vapors. Shoes with conductive soles or heels help to drain off the charges. Their conductive value is reduced by foot powders and by wool, silk or nylon socks. Cotton and rayon are safer. Conductive floors should be in stalled in hazardous locations. Ordi nary wax and other nonconductive floor finishes reduce the value of grounding measures. Grounding shafting. Shafting and metal pulleys should be grounded with ca~bon, brass or spring brushes or contac =. Powaered materials. Finely di vided materials falling through the air or blown through pipes may gen- Safety can being ailed with flammable liquid. Wire bond connect! storage drum with can being filled. It is also advisable to have bonding wire or receiving container grounded. How Many Extinguishers? In determining the number of portable units required, recommen dations of state or local authorities or insurance carrier should be fol lowed. Following are suggestions for exposures of varying severity: Class I--Light hazard. Small amounts of combustibles and only small incipi ent fires anticipated. This class includes offices, schools (exclusive of trade schools and shops), public buildings, etc. Units shall be so located that a per son will not have to travel more than 50 feet to the nearest unit. At least one unit shall be required for each 5,000 square feet of floor area. Class II--Moderate Hazard. Ordinary combustible occupancies, where incipi ent fires of average severity may be anticipated. This class includes department stores, warehouses, miscellaneous manufactur ing of average hazard, etc. Units shall be so located that a per son will not have to travel more than 50 feet to the nearest unit. At least one unit shall be required 2,500 square feet of floor area. Class III--Extra Hazardous, > because of character or quauy combustibles, extra severe i,,fires may be anticipated. This class includes woodwoj paint spraying and dipping oper ate. Units shall be so located that a i will not have to travel more thaiT, feet to the nearest unit, plus additj ' units as directed by the inspectiorw^ partment having jurisdiction. At ]T" one unit shall be required fot 2,500 square feet of floor area. TM REFERENCES Plant Protection National Safety Council Accident Prevention Handbook for la** trial Operations. "* Fire Retardant Treatment for Wooa Data Sheet D-Gen. 20. Fire Retardant Treatment for Fabrics Data Sheet D-T4. Lightning--Safety Reprint Gen. 8, National Safety News Men Against Fire (Fire Brigades)--w-- ren T. Kimball, Oct. 1950, p. 84. New Methods in Industrial Fire Control --Allen L. Cobb, June 1950, p. 21. Dry Chemical Extinguishers--Wm. p O'Connor, Sept. 1950, p. 26. Wakeful Watchmen--Paul E. Hubby, Fy, 1951, p. 26. A Century's Progress in Fire Detection --Francis E. Evans. Oct. 1951, p. 100. Static Electricity, Its Elimination by Bonding and Grounding--G. M. Klutz, Feb 1951, p. 24. Controlling Static Electricity--July 1952, p. 34. Trained and Alert--T. E. Peters, May 1951, p. 23. Atomic Energy and Fire Protection-- E. J. Kehoe, May 1953, p. 46. Danger from the Sky--John A. Dickin son, May 1953, p. 20. Fire Protection Can't Stand Still--Mathew M. Braidech, Jan. 1954, p. 30. National Board of Fire Underwriters: Building Code (1949). Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguisher Sys tems and Inert Gas for Fire and Explosion prevention--Pamphlet No. 12. Central Station Protective Signaling Sys tems--Pamphlet No. 71. - National Electrical Code (1947). Standpipe and Hose Systems--Pamphlet 14. Water Spray Systems for Fire Protection --Pamphlet 15. Proprietary and Local Systems for Watch men. Fire Alarm and Supervisory ServicePamphlet 72. Suggestions for Organizing, Drilling and Equipment of Private Fire Brigades-- Pamphlet 27. Standards for InstaUation of Sprinkler Equipment--Pamphlet 13. National Fire Protection Assn.: National Fire Codes: Vol. I--Flammable Liquids, Gases, Chem icals and Explosives (1948). Vol. II--Prevention of Dust Explosions (1946). Vol. IV--Extinguishing and Alarm Equip ment (1946). Vol. V--National Electrical Code >1947), Industrial Fire Brigades Training Manual. Handbook of Fire Protection Fiske-Forster (1948). American Standards Asm. erosby- Protection of Head, Eyes and Respiratory Organs, Z2-1938, (Handbook H24 National Bureau of Standards) Under Women's Industrial Clothing 118-1944 Series. Protective Occupational (Safety, < lothlng, LI8-1944 Series. Protective Occupational F-- and Women's, Z41-1P44 Series Men's Identification of Gas Ma.sk < aruaters, K13.1-1950. 216 .f C-l-o. s< . Sattiom 7--Plant Your Company's Future May Depend on 23 '*!!* * $k s?!* !M `B* ' 1 BE IsiM Be Sura It's - AER-O-FOAM The only Foam to carry this seal! THERE'S NO second chance with fire. So guard your flammable-liquids risks with fire-fested AER-OFOAM. This is the foam that is tested on actual oil or solvent fires--every batch of it. Its tough blanket of fire-killing foam has already extinguished a fire when you buy it! Three fire-tested AER-O-FOAM products give you complete protection for flammable liquid fires--6% Regular Liquid and 3% Regular Liquid for petroleum fires, and AER-O-FOAM "99" for either polar solvents or petroleum fires. Write for data on AER-OFOAM products and devices . . . Foam Chambers, Dip-tank or Drain-board Systems, Nozzles, Extin guishers, Trucks, Towers. JUST OUT--"Foam Fire Protection," illustrated booklet on what Foam is, what it does, how it works. Yours free. U/it!nnnl W(v Nflws, March, 1954 COKPORATBD ESI CHESTER, iJttw.--^____ - --___ _ 217 Section 7-Plant Protection Spontaneous Ignition WHEN the temperature of combus tible material is raised to the kin dling point and ignition occurs with no outside source of heat, the proc ess is called "spontaneous ignition." This type of combustion may be divided into two classes: acute cases which occur suddenly and explosive ly, and chronic cases where heat generates slowly until ignition takes place. Most substances subject to acute ignition are well known. Examples are dry yellow phosphorus, which ignites on exposure to air, and quicklime, sodium, potassium and calcium carbide which heat when exposed to moisture. Some materials may be stored for long periods, processed, packed and shipped with no signs of heating. The first warning may be the dis covery of smoke. Uncertainty in creases the hazard. Before spontaneous ignition can occur there must be material that will bum, moisture, oxygen, and a certain minimum temperature. Pres ence of impurities in the combustible material may affect the danger of heating. At ordinary temperatures some combustible substances oxidize slow ly and under certain conditions reach their ignition point. These include vegetable and animal oils and fats, coal, charcoal, and some finely divided metals. Rags and waste saturated with linseed oil or paint often cause fires. In such cases there is a large sur face of combustible material exposed without means for generated heat to escape. Best preventives are total exclu sion of air or good ventilation. With small quantities of material, the former method is practicable. With large quantities, such as storage piles of bituminous coal, both meth ods have been used effectively. Temperatures above 140 F are considered dangerous in coal piles. If temperatures rapidly approach or exceed that figure, it is advisable to remove the pile or rearrange it to provide better circulation of air. Some agricultural products are susceptible to spontaneous ignition. Sawdust, hay, grain, and other plant products such as jute, hemp and sisal fibers, may ignite, especially if exposed to heat or to alternate wetting and drying. Circulation of air, removal of external sources of heat, and storage in smaller quanti ties are desirable precautions. Fires in iron, nickel, aluminum, magnesium and other finely divided metals are sometimes attributed to spontaneous ignition. This is be lieved to result from oxidation of cutting or lubricating oils, or pos sibly from chemical impurities. Detailed procedure for prevention and extinguishment of fires in.materials subject to spontaneous heating have been recom mended by the NFPA Committee on Spon taneous Heating and Ignition. These are found in National Board of Fire Under writers publications. Preventing and Ex tinguishing Fires in Soft Coal, Bulletin No. 30, and Spontaneous ignition and its Pre vention, Bulletin No. 51. ---------- -- -- -- w layer at least 1% inches ga Where large amounts ar3 a wheeled applicator hold* pounds of powder can be u,. powder is discharged by ^ impeller through a hoze and* Flammable Liquids FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS are div, into three classes by the ,, Fire Protection Association ac%!I? 1 ing to flash points, closed-cupT" ] Class I. Below 25 F: I Ethyl ether, acetone, carbon dimi ! fide, gasoline, benzol, collodion. ^ Class II. 25 to 70 F: Amyl acetate, ethyl alcohol, toll*, | ethyl acetate, varnish. Class III. 70 to 200 F: Stoddard solvents, kerosene, amyl al. cohol, creosote oil, turpentine, fuel 0 Portable containers for Class I and Class II liquids should be painted fed. Safety cans, painted red and with self-enclosing spouts are available Osngor < poisoning Dangor d'intoxlcotion Poligro it intoxicacion Automatic Protection --From page 212 Special Systems For special risks, automatic sys tems employing carbon dioxide, foam or water spray nozzles may be installed. Carbon dioxide is'particularly de sirable where the system operates in an enclosed space and the value of the contents is high and subject to water damage. Carbon dioxide is discharged manually or by means of heat-actuated devices. Devices are also provided for clos ing shutters, doors, windows and dampers and stopping blowers to confine the extinguishing gas. These systems are suitable for spaces con taining electric equipment or flam mable liquids. 21* Foam installations are suitable for tanks and operations involving flam mable liquids but not for electric fires. They are usually arranged to operate automatically with provision for manual operation. Water spray systems are used to protect oil-filled electric equipment, such as transformers, oil switches and oil piping and open tanks of flammable liquids. To be effective, water spray systems require expert installation. Metal Fires Ordinary extinguishers are in effective for fires in magnesium, powdered aluminum, zinc, sodium, or potassium. For such fires an ex tinguishing powder known as G-l has been developed. This is availa ble in 40-pound pails and 325-pound Dongaroos radiations Radiations dangoroosos Radiacianas paligrosas Dangar of Ignition Dangar d'lnilammatian Paligra da inflamacian Dangar at axpfosian Dangar d'oxpiosion Paligra da explosion Dangar oi corrosion Dangar da carrotian Paligra da corrosion Symbols for marking dangerous goods in international traffic proposed by the United Nations. Symbols will carry explanations in English, French and Spanish, although they are intended to identify the risks graphically without printed text. National Safety Newt, March, 1954 As never before... Today we are all aware of the disastrous and farreaching effects of a major industrial fire. Owners . . . management. . . employees . . . customers . . . almost every one suffers, in one way or another, when a serious Tire strikes. Could it happen to your plant? Now is the time to take a long, close look at your plant's fire protection measures. Remember, the local fire protection ordinances normally only set minimum standards. Compliance with these ordi nances is no guarantee of fully adequate firesafety. Ono way to be absolutely sure of the efficiency of your plant's fire protection facilities is to call in an expert C-O- TWO Fire Protection Engineer. He is ready and willing to help you with any or all industrial fire hazard problems. There is a personal sense of responsibility inherent with CO-TWO Fire Protection Engineers that assures you of fully adequate firesafety... a definite plus in your behalf. Whether it's fire detecting or fire extinguishing ... portables or built-in systems ... C-O-TWO means top quality backed by experienced engineering that results in operating su periority for you at all times. WHEN BUSINESS STOPS . .. INCOME STOPSI Don't take chances with your investment. Secure the bene fits of highly efficient fire protection engineering today . . . our extensive experience over the years is at your disposal w>hout obligation. Get the facts now! MANUFACTUSEKS Of APPROVED FIDE PROTEGTIOM EQUIPMENT Squeez-Grip Carbon Dioxide Type Fire Extinguishers Dry Chemical Type Fire Extinguishers Built-In High Pressure and Low Pressure Carbon Dioxide Type Fire Extinguishing Systems Built-In Smoke and Heat Fire Detecting Systems National Safety News, March, 1954 C-O-TWO FIRE EQUIPMENT COMPANY NEWARK 1 NEW JERSEY C-O-TWO FIRE EQUIPMENT OF CANADA, LTD. TORONTO 8 ONTARIO Sales and Service in the Principal Cities of United States and Canada AFFILIATED WITH PYRENE MANUFACTURING COMPANY 219 jcuiuii /--riuin in several types in 1 pint to 5 gallon capacity. The larger sizes are equipped with flame arresters to prevent flashbacks. If several different flammable liquids are handled in one depart ment, stripes or distinct lettering should be placed on the cans to avoid mixing liquids. Containers for Class III liquids should be painted green with the warning label on the sides: "Flam mable liquid--Keep fire away. Store outside building." Containers should be kept clean so that the color and lettering will not be obscured. Tank cars, storage tanks, tank trucks, connecting pipes and hose lines and filling nozzles should be interconnected with a bonding wire before an attempt is made to open connections during loading or un loading. When flammable liquids are poured from one container to another, the lip of one container should rest on the edge of lip of the other. The two should be kept in contact dining pouring and the receiving vessel should rest on a grounded surface. Transfer pumps of approved de sign should be used when quantities of flammable liquids are handled. These pumps are self-priming and equipped with flame arresters and protected openings for pressure and vacuum relief. Fire-Safe Construction Fire-resistant construction is essen tial for any industrial or commercial building. Some types of construction can survive a fire with only minor structural damage. Building mate rials should be non-combustible wherever practicable, although all available materials may be damaged by extreme heat. Walls and open ings should be planned to prevent rapid spread of fire. For non-hazardous occupancies heavy plank roofs and floors are per missible. Heavy timbers are slow burning. Wooden walls, joisted quick-burn ing floors and roofs, and inaccessible combustible spaces should be avoided. Hazardous processes should be cut off by fire walls or fire-resistant par titions. If hazards are particularly severe they should be housed in separate buildings. Explosion hazards require explo sion-venting windows or other means of relieving pressures to min imize structural damage. If building or contents are com 229 bustible, large areas can be sub divided by fire walls, with openings protected by fire doors. This will help to limit damage in a single fire. Important buildings with com bustible roofs and floors should be separated by as much yard space as possible. For buildings of more than one story, stairways, elevator wells, con veyors and chutes should be enclosed with fire-resistive walls. Fire doors should be installed at openings to prevent spread of fire to other floors. Blank walls, fire shutters, or wired glass windows offer protection against exposure fires. Open sprin klers are an additional safeguard. Maintenance Work Maintenance crews need thor ough training in accident prevention. Their work involves a complex and constantly changing set of condi tions rather than a set pattern of activity. In addition to the regular tools, the maintenance man is concerned with ladders, gloves, masks, goggles, safety shoes, protective hats, safety belts, respirators, rope, chains and other items of equipment. The training program should in clude first aid and life-saving tech niques. Where irritating, toxic or corrosive dusts, gases, vapors and fluids are present, training should include the characteristics of these substances and methods of control ling hazards. Men must be trained to inspect rope, chains and hoists and to dis card items that show excessive wear. At the start of any job not of a routine nature, the crew should be called together to discuss the prob lems involved and methods of do ing the work safely. If the job is especially complicated or hazardous, the safety director may be called on to assist in the planning. Scale models may be constructed to determine clearances, methods of moving, and sequences of action. Tools and tackle should be in spected for wear and defects before use. When special tools can be de signed to make a job safer, the engineering department should be consulted for design and specifica tions. Safe Storage Fires in storage areas are respon sible for a high percentage of the total loss in fires in industrial plants. While fires do not occur as frequent ly as in manufacturing areas the damage per fire is often higher. Suggestions for safe stor elude: 1. Keep storage out of manuf. areas. ^ 2. Keep storage from below facturing processes unless the is non-combustible and watertight. ** 3. Storage rooms need spring either contents or building win # 4. Store valuable materijj^ sprinklered building. 1 5. Don't overlook fire protection because shed values are small. ' ^ 6. Keep sources of ignition storehouses. 1< 7. Keep materials in low, well rated piles. 5^' Waterproof floors with adeqn-, drainage should be provided if l01v stories contain stock or machine!! susceptible to water damage. Taj paulins should be kept on hand t! prevent water damage. Roofs should be anchored to re<si wind damage. Fire-resisting vaults should provided for business records ana valuable drawings. Civil defense measures suggest storing vital rs ords at some point remote from industrial centers. When construction work is in progress, good housekeeping should be practiced and temporary fire pro tection provided. Salamanders and welding and cutting must be watched. Automatic detection and sprinkler systems are recommended for com bustible construction or occupancy. Fire Loss Facts Fire losses are a serious threat to our national security, as well as a severe blow to our economy. Sabotage, or malicious destruction, differs only in intent from that of carelessness, negli gence, or lack of preparation, when destruction by fire takes place. The National Fire Protection Associ ation places the number of building fires in 1952 at 703,000, with an esti mated cost of $793,500,000. This is a 7 per cent cost increase over 1951. True values, however, go beyond dollars and cents for fire damage fre quently affects vital production through loss of buildings, equipment and ma terials that may be difficult to replace. Deaths, injuries, and loss of manpower are additional important factors that must be evaluated when fires occur. Estimated fire losses in 1952 indicate the extent of direct damage to industry. Manufacturing occupancies had losses totalling $153,600,000, of which metal working was $13,350,000. Warehouses were damaged or destroyed to the ex tent of $45,000,000. Fire losses to lum ber yards, railroad and wharf property and bulk storage and refinery amounted to $51,100,000. Notional Safoty News, Mareh, 1954 Like an evil eye, fire is constantly on the lookout for unprotected hazards such as flammable liquids, electrical equipment, materials in process. Get protection that never sleeps. Guard every hazard in your plant with a Kidde Automatic Fire Extinguishing System. Quick as a wink, check the 'yellow pages' for your local Kidde dealer. National Safety Now*, Marth, 1954 Th* words 'Kidd'Fyr*-Freei' and th Kidd* maf am tradtmarks of Wallc Kidd* & Company, Inc. Walter Kidde & Company, Inc. 345 Main St., Belleville 9, N.J. Walter Kidd* 4 Company of Canada, Lid., Montreal--Toronto 221 Section 7--Plant Protection Lost production means part of a profit is gone, permanently. Only fool-proof answer is a fire alarm system that automatically calls the Municipal Fire Department when an alarm box is pulled or a sprinkler head goes off. A sprinkler system auxiiiarized by a Gamewell Automatic Alarm is the nearest thing you can get to 100% protection against fire and water damage. In addition, such an arrangement may enable you to have your insurance policies re rated, thus reducing your premiums. For complete protection of your personnel, your plant and your production, write for the name of your nearest Gamewell representative. It's easy to add the Municipal Fire Department to your fire protection team . . . and it's good business, too. THE GAMEWELL COMPANY, Chestnut St., Newton Upper Falls 64, Mass. fn Canada: Northern /cfric Co., Ud., Bolhvilh, Ontario 222 Fire No. 3 Killer Survey Shows In 1953, fire caused 12,360 s 1 in the United States and This grim fact is the pubL, estimate of the National Fire p tection Association. ^ Further evidence of the serin ness of fire as an accident fey?' comes from the Metropolitan p? Insurance Company, which pkT* fire third on the list--topped by fatal motor vehicle injuries falls. * A survey of the company's induj trial policyholders at ages 1-74 dur' ing 1950-1952 estimates the numbs, of fire victims as 7,000 annually Since this figure does not inclu^ deaths resulting from fires in ve. hides, in mines and quarries, and those resulting from lightning or from bums due to electric current, it is considerably lower than the toll estimated by the NFPA. Over 3,000 men, women and chil dren annually, the survey shows, are the victims of burns, suffocation, trampling or other fatal injuries in burning buildings, grass or forest fires. Many more died from bums and scalds due to other causes. The principal danger spot, the survey showed, is the home! It was there that more than four-fifths of the deaths originated! Compared with the record of 20 years ago, this shows a dangerous trend--shows that deaths caused by conflagrations have gradually in creased. This does not mean only the widely publicized fires which take many lives but those small ones in the home, each of which claims its victims. It is these fires, many caused by overheated or defective stoves and furnaces and oil stove explosions, that point up the need for greater fire prevention in the home. Decontamination After Atomic Explosions Every atomic explosion is accom panied by dust and smoke that are radioactive and can be carried great distances by the wind. Cleaning up this kind of trouble is a problem that may become vital. Recently, Foster D. Snell, Inc., New York, was asked to study clean-up methods and the result of two years of research was published in an article, "Detergents for Radiological Decontamination" in Soap and Sanitary Chemicals for October 1953. A summary appeared in Foster D. Snell's Chemical Digest, Spring 1954 issue. Cleaning surfaces contaminated P-l-i.. II Section 7--PIon# Protect*0*^ Ca% Production A PLUNGER CANS Insure plant and operator safety in ail cleaning, sponging and swabbing operations. When plunger is depressed a measured amount of the volatile and flammable fluid rises into the dasher to moisten the swab. Excess liquid flows back into the can and is not left on surface to evaporate or be ignited. Dasher containing fire baffle is self extinguishing. Five sizes from 1 pt. to 2 gal. I SAFETY CANS For general use wherever flammables are employed within the plant. Fire prevention baffle is a double concentric cylinder inside base of spout. Spring-loaded cap automatically makes tight closure. Squeezegrip handle; positive control while pouring. C BENCH CANS Reduce waste, speed production and give positive protection against fire and explosion: The spring mounted perforated metal dasher j/hich also acts as the fire baffle covers the liquid surfaceand minimizes evaporation losses. A size to meet every requirement. D OILY WASTE CANS A necessity in every plant for the safe placement of oily or solvent* oaked rags and other waste material. Required by many insurance companies. Pull length cover opens wide by slight foot pressure at any point on full width treadle. CUP COUPON, fill in, attach to company lattarhead and mail for Complete Catalog and Price List. THE PROTECTOSEAL COMPPANPY 1928 S. Western Av*., Chicago 8 Pleas* send complete Catalog of Factory Safety Produc tion Equipment with Price List. We are especially interested in..___ ___ j Address- THE PROTECTOSEAL COMPANY I a,, 18 S. Wostsm Av., Chicago 8, Illinois * In Canada Safety Supply Co., Toronto I___________ _5tate_ Kofionaf Safety News, March, 1954 223 Section 7--Plant Protection with radioactive debris is necessary in laboratories working with radio active isotopes, called "hot" labs, and will be essential in case of the explosion of an atomic bomb near a populated area. When an atomic bomb explodes the resulting smoke and dust con tain radioactive materials. This radioactive smoke and dust can be carried by the wind over wide areas before settling. After an explosion at Yucca Flat, Nevada, the atomic cloud reached New York City four days later and raised the radiation level to the point where the Snell "hot" laboratory had to be shut down for a day. This cloud repre sented no hazard to humans, but it illustrates how far the atomic debris is carried. The results of the study show that the major decontamination can be done by the housewife if necessary, using materials she has on her kitchen shelf, products purchased at her comer grocery. Some sur faces, notably plaster, require special treatment. The nature of the fission products --new atoms produced by the ex plosion--carried by the air depends on the time elapsed since the explo sion and the type of bomb, since they change with time. Chemically, the atoms present are largely in the rare earth group from yttrium to europium. For study, a group of such fission products was incorporated in a syn thetic soil representing the dirt in the air over industrial cities and containing dozens of components. This soil was applied to such diverse types of surfaces as tin, glass, ce ment, gypsum, plaster, unpainted and painted wood, cotton cloth, and even the shaved skin of rabbits. After the deposit had been allowed to dry, it was "deterged" by stand ard technics using commercial soaps, light-duty syndets (synthetic deter gents) and heavy-duty detergents. The degree of contamination and its removal was measured with the Geiger counter. Heavy-duty syndets were gener ally more effective than either lightduty syndets or soap. That proved to be the clue to efficient removal of fission products. The laboratory technicians turned to a class of chemical compounds known as sequestrants that have the property of "locking up" harmlessly in a compound many elements, including the rare earth elements produced as fission products. Of the several of these sequestrants available (including ethylene diamine tetra-acetic phates, tripolyphosph^ rates), the most econ^ was a modified f0rtn hexametaphosphate n\ari ^ a trade name. When this chemical are mixpj0' part of either soap or ,_ applied in one per cent^Hj water, the treatment radioactive contaminants iy all surfaces. An ex<w!1' gypsum plaster, where pS1'* was better than water m cleaning agent. As a typical example, it w that water removed 47 petr the contamination from frosted 1 per cent solution of soap ^ ^ 81 per cent, and an adaixp one-third as much soap parts of the household detergen ** moved 98.8 per cent. In general * harder and smoother the surface i easier it is to decontaminate, the exception of plaster, decontJ?| nation better than 90 per cent eg | no great difficulty when apprQPri^l materials are used. TM Disaster Units Effective In Vicksburg Tornado The effectiveness of preorganiz^l disaster units was demonstrated iJ Vicksburg, Miss., last December j I FULL LINE OF Fire Extinguishers Charges and Repairs Rubber Gaskets Extinguisher Hose Chemical Booster Hose Unlined Linen Hose Rubber Lined Fire Hose Fire Hose Accessories Safety and Waste Cans Safety Signs Fire Axes Shut-Off Nozzles Fire Dept. Supplies Quality Merchandise Prompt Delivery Ace Fire Equipment fa. 627 Howard Street Detroit 26, Michigan 224 Section 7--Pfanf Protection OILY WASTE CANS SAFETY CANS for easy han FOR EXTRA PROTECTION for old rags or combustionable material. Under writers approved, dling of flam mable liquids. Underwriters labeled. In I JIISTRITE prom 6 to 25 gallons. pint to 5 gallon sixes. SAFETY CONTAINERS AND LIGHTS DISPENSING SAFETY EXTENSION PLUNGER CANS lor sponging and cleaning with flammable liquids. UIn I quart, >/, gallon and I gal lon sizes. Ap proved by Factory Mutuals. SAFETY FLASHLIGHT LIGHT (#1727-S) - for safe inspection of storage or oper ating equipment . . . 15" or 30" extensions for lighting inaccessible areas. Un- ^erwriter^ajagrovedj^^^^^^^ SAFETY YOU -- as the man directly responsible tor the working saiety of your personnel and equipment -- are asked to consider the safety features of Justrite equipment. These products have been designed, constructed and tested to meet the highest standards of industries everywhere. Used for inspecting, cleaning or storing . . . Justrite Containers and Justrite Portable Lights discourage sparks or explosions -- wherever flammable liquids, vapors, or gases are present. (#1717-S|-for use LANTERN Besides this safety factor, your decision to use in group D, class (#2144-S) 6 volt -- Justrite equipment will prove sound because Justrite outperforms -- and outlasts -- all other similar I hazardous loca for use in hazard equipment regardless of price. ous locations. tions. Fully insu Wire guard and lated. Underwrit ers Lab. approved. stand* Safety kickout bulb sockets. U.l. approved. SAFETY HEADLIGHT JUSTRITE MANUFACTURING CO.(*I904-S) -- with belt clip for cote and padded headband for light. Fully flexible with 1,500 ft. beam, leaves both hands free. ORDER FROM YOUR JOBBER for free catalog write Dept. NSN. 2061 N. SOUTHPORT AVE., CHICAGO 14, ILL. These Simple Units Add Up to INCREASED PROPERTY PROTECTION and LOWER INSURANCE RATES! THE CHICAGO WATCHCLOCK SYSTEM Quickly Pays for Itself! The CHICAGO WATCHCLOCK System is so reliable, users are given lower insurance rates. The CHICAGO System enables reliable watchmen to PROVE they're on the job. It keeps a permanent record of their performance... YOU get extra protection against FIRE, THEFT and SABOTAGE. Send for FREE booklet that explains the operation of the CHICAGO WATCHCLOCK System and how this low-priced installation is made quickly with only a screw driver! Write to CHICAGO WATCHCLOCK Division Great Lakes Industries, Inc. 1524 S. WABASH AVE., CHICAGO 5, ILL Offices in Principal Cities National Safety Newt, March, 1954 225 S.cfion 7-PI"` W'" Dr George H. Martin. Vicksburg, chairman ' of the Mississippi State Medical Association's committee on industrial health, told the 14th an nual Congress on Industrial Health recently held in Louisville and sponsored by the American Medical Association's Council on Industrial Health. He addressed a session de voted to preparations for meeting major disasters. Within one hour after a tornado crashed through Vicksburg late in the afternoon, leaving behind 38 dead, 385 injured and property dam age of more than $25,000,000, disaster units were in full swing, Dr, Martin reported. Rescue operations were started by police and military forces within a few minutes. Volunteers began digging into ruins and extricating the dead and injured. Flashlights took the place of the wrecked light ing system. Meanwhile, the city's four hospi tals were quickly and completely staffed with doctors, nurses and other medical personnel so that the injured could be given quick atten tion. Emergency treatment was pro vided to nearly all of the injured within five and one-half hours after the storm struck. Doctors made no charge for this emergency treatment. Power company crews went to work restoring service, first to the hospitals and the city's water works and then to the city. Broken gas mains were repaired because gas supplies had to be shut off in order to prevent fires. Two-way radio communication was established while telephone re pairmen rushed to put lines back into operation. Newspapers and the local radio station kept people in formed of developments and needs. They gave casualty and death lists, located missing persons, and allayed fear and anxiety In general. Crews moved in to clear streets blocked with debris and to eliminate immediate hazards to rescuers from leaning walls and hanging wreckage. Industrial plants shut down and re leased employees fqr rescue and rehabilitation work. Heavy duty earth-moving and land-clearing equipment was brought in and oper ated by skilled workmen. Surgical and medical supplies were rushed into the area from nearby and distant points. Calls for blood brought out long lines of people. "Three days after the tornado, re habilitation was well under way and individual concerns were withdrawn from rescue work, and further dem olition and repair were turned over 226 Two-Way Radio Aids Plant Protection Dispatcher Sergeant D. L. Parr in plant protection control office of Beech Aircraft uses two-way radio system to contact foot patrolman in plant yard. Getting the word through in emer gencies has been assured by the plant protection department of the Beech Aircraft Corporation of Wich ita, Kansas. Their new, modern twoway radio communications system is approved by company officials and employees alike. Two company station wagons and a jeep have been equipped with very high frequency Motorola two-way radio units. Operating on the same frequency, the men in these cars are able to talk with each other and with the control center in the plant protection office. For close-in emer gency work where the cars are un able to travel, four lightweight, portable "handie-talkie" radiophones are available. The new equipment got its first emergency workout recently when hail and 100 mile-an-hour winds ripped through Wichita. With the aid of the two-way radio unit in stalled in his car, Bruce Dorman, chief security officer, maintained di rect contact with the plant while to private contractors," Dr. Martin said. "There were no individual heroes in the Vicksburg tornado. Everyone worked to his utmost, with one thought in mind--to save lives." making an inspection tour of com pany warehouses in the hard-hit downtown area. He radioed his in structions to the other radioequipped guards and within minutes the damaged buildings were under tight security. Dorman said, "Although the pri mary purpose of the radio system is to handle emergencies, it is also be ing put to good use in controlling company cars on a 24 hour schedule in the downtown area. In operation only a week, it has already saved us numerous trips." RUSH I am a rush job ... I belong to no age, for men have always hur ried ... I prod all human endeavor . . . Men believe me necessary . . . but falsely. I rush today because I was not planned yesterday. I de mand excessive energy and concen tration. I over-ride obstacles, but at great expense ... I illustrate the old saying "Haste Makes Waste." My path is strewn with the evils of overtime, mistakes and disappoint ments . . . Accuracy and quality give way to speed. Ruthlessly I rush on ... I am a rush job. --Safety Notes Carolina Telephone & Telegraph Co. .$ f-i.t. Section 7--P!anf Protection I. getter Deal 1 f0r the Night Shift ag NIGHT SHIFT presents man" .^ent with a number of problems, ^(he best of circumstances, workll'. look upon night work as an out'"f.the-ordinary assignment--usually '' .el-ved for those who do not have 'nough seniority to merit the day Sift- Management probably cannot do diiich to change this attitude, but it ,an do a great deal to improve mo`ale and production on the afterdark shift, says an article in Em1gyee Relations Bulletin of the Rational Foreman's Institute, The major complaint of night porkers is that while they get from a nickel to a dime an hour extra, die treatment they receive otherwise does not equal that accorded day workers. What, specifically, do night workers complain about? What is management doing about these com plaints? A recent survey revealed the following: Complaint One: "When it comes to feeding facilities, we are treated like second-class citizens." Most companies which do not maintain full forces on night work do have a differential in food service because it doesn't pay to keep a cafeteria open all night to take care of a few. As a result, workers bring in their own food--usually dry sandwiches washed down by a soft drink from a vending machine. As a result, stud ies show, night workers have more gastric troubles than day shifters. The food problem usually requires some type of compromise. Workers at one company, for ex ample, are allowed to have the coffee pot going all night, with the com pany supplying the burner, gas, and necessary utensils. Also, rolling canteens during off hours are used by a growing number of companies. Another company has a rolling can teen make the rounds at 6 p.m. and 2 a.m. Vending machines also have been installed to dispense fruit punch and hot coffee. A lunch box service sells food during night hours at one textile mill, and the company provides hot coffee. On occasions when there are not enough workers to warrant such service, the com pany has the coffee sent in by a local diner. Complaint Two: "We don't get the same medical care as the day shift ers." Management men usually agree. But they also point out that its a costly business to maintain a Kinnear Akbar Window Shutters Akbar Fire Door installed in a corridor The KINNEAR Manufacturing Co. fACTORteS: 1720-40 Fields Av.r Columbus 16, Ohio 1742 Yosemit* Ave., San Francisco 24, Calif. Kinnear all-steel Akbar Fire Doors are the positive, automatic means of blocking off flame-spreading drafts. Coiled out of the way over the door Lintel, Akbar Fire Doors go into action immediately when fire threatens. A strong spring insures positive action. Controlled speed provides added safety of building occupants. Akbar Doors may be opened instantly for emergency exit. They automatically close again at once. A special locking device stops the downward actioa of Akbar Doors at sill level . . . even if the floor is completely burned out. Akbar Rolling Fire Doors can save as much as one third their cost per year in reduced insurance rates. Akbar Fire Doors may be equipped for daily use with manual or motor operation. LARGE SIZES: Kinnear makes doors for firewall openings ranging up fo many hundred square feet In area. These doers are bullt with the same features offered in the labeled doors described above. WRITE FOR DETAILS! Section 7-IW GET OUT FROM first aid staff during particularly when only a Sp employees are working, 9tl1 federal m* SIREN cuts through high noise levels to SAVE LIVES ; You never know when a cable might breaE or a load might shift. Unless warned, workers on the craneway face swift falling death from above. Shouting won't do it, nor will an ordinary^ The practices employ^ . nating the complaint vary ^ \ scale service to some procedure to fill particui^H For example, one company for doctors to visit the plant a to give physicals and check ' aid facilities. Plant guards ^ S quently trained in first aid J K can handle night time emer^^l A fully equipped first-aid stalled in each department f0' l(> elusive use of the night shift other compromise. it- signal. You need a distinctive warning sig nal. ... A siren that overcomes intensely high noise levels. You need the powerful, distinctively high-pitched FEDERAL "J" s Siren--specifically designed for electric cranes and similar equipment for handling heavy materials. Complaint Three: "Why night workers wait so long ^ buses?" This is a common compW' and one that is not easily han^J Generally, companies with initial have worked out some solution h The FEDERAL "J" is a heavy-duty siren, designed to protect for long periods of conferring with the bus compand operation, repeated 24 hours a day. Adaptable to almost any application -- or other transportation agencies de weatherproof -- complete with adjustable brackets for mounting anywhere. serve the area. Where heavy-duty, high frequency of operation is necessary -- where distinctive, penetrating sound protection can save lives -- install a FEDERAL "J" SIREN. Special buses parked in front n| I the plant at the end of the shift h f WRITE NOW FOR INDUSTRIAL SIRENS BULLETIN No. Ill FEDERAL ENTERPRISES, Inc. formerty: Fderol Electric Company. Inc. 8725 South State Street Chicago 19, Illinois Smokey says: PREVENT GAS and Oil FIRES ALWAYS USE SAFETY CANS one solution. The company guaran. 1 tees the bus companies a specific number of riders in return for the privilege. Occasionally, management has been able to lay out special routes for the buses if there are a number of workers living in certain areas. This is a great boon to women workers on night duty who may be afraid to go home alone, | Bus companies will sometimes modi fy their schedules so that night HERE'S THE Safe WAY TO HANDLE FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS listed and labeled by UNDERWRITERS' LABORATORIES, INC. Approved by EAGLE SAFETY CANSk FACTORY MUTUAL ! i An EAGIE 6Oth Anniversary Can s ! PROTECT PLANT AND PERSONNEL MINIMIZE FIRE HAZARD Eagle Safety Cans are specially designed and built under rigid specifications to meet all safety regulations for handling, transporting and stor ing flammable liquids in every industry. j workers won't run the risk of missI ing transportation. On special occa sions when women workers have to stay beyond their regular night shift, some companies pay their taxi fare. Supervision also presents a prob lem to companies operating a night shift. Foremen are no more pleased | about getting "stuck" on night as- ] * signments than are their men. There | is, apparently, no one solution to this problem--each company copes Exclusive Eagle features include: with it in its own way. Protecting Guard Cap that seals tight er if can is upset; Combination FreeSuing Carry and'-OIterating Handle: Cam-Acting Connecting Arm for easy pouring; Body and breast electrically welded together under electronic con trol. Eagle Safety Can features provide ex tra convenience, safety, efficiency, economy and long' service. BE SAFETY WISE! The number of workers one fore man has to supervise may be cut. On day shifts, there are from 17-25 employees under one supervisor At night, there are two foremen to every 25 workers. It is desirable to have some "decision-makirc au- thority on the night shift A gen eral foreman with a th<ito tcl-c";ng knowledge of company pi at . s .,n<i Order TODAY from your nearest EAGLE Distributor policies is assigned to the i cm a. tit Another setup is also >-t- MANUFACTURING COMPANY Wellsburg, W.Va. 60 YEARS OF SERVING THE TRADE ment: Day-shift foremen . * ,t>- til the night supervisors . bt this way they can get to " < m problems that need ha ml. t c l 223 f The Medical Service 0 PHYSICIAN and the safety Ifector share the responsibility for otecting the worker against the of injury on the job and occujtional diseases. ? ^are of the injured worker was j,e first responsibility assigned to 1 dustrial medicine, its importance 1 that field is universally reeog^2ed but its activities have ex uded enormously. " Conservation of manpower is aided IjV (1) Proper placement of emj'oyees through pre-employment examinations; (2) Continued supervision of employee health through periodic check-ups, particularly in health-hazardous occupation; (3) Supervision of plant processes. New processes and new materials, u-ith actual or potential health hazards, have brought new problems and opportunities to the medical department. To study and control health hazards, some large corpora tions maintain industrial hygiene laboratories. Smaller companies ob tain help from insurance carriers, state departments, and private con sultants. Scope of the Program Industrial medical service requires a definitely organized plan, set up by a physician with management's full support. Essentials of such a program are; 1, A staff of qualified physicians, nurses and attendants adequate for the needs of the organization. 2. Dispensary and hospital facilities conforming to standards established by the American Medical Association, American College of Surgeons and the American Association of Industrial Physicians and Surgeons. 3. Efficient care of occupational in juries and diseases. 4. Reasonable first-aid treatment for non-occupational injuries and illnesses while on the job. 5. Physical examinations -- pre-em ployment and periodic. 6. Adequate records of treatments and individual medical histories. The latter should be kept confidential. 7. Supervision of plant sanitation and hygiene measures. 8. Instruction of employees in per sonal health and safety. Hospitals. Use of approved public hospitals, where available, is usually more desirable than setting up elaborate facilities for surgery and treatment of serious cases. Hospital facilities in many communities have been overtaxed since the beginning of World War II and this led to the expansion of many plant hospitals. The medical director. Health and medical services should be under the supervision of a physician. Man agement and the medical director can formulate workable policies. Medical assistants, consultants, nurses, and others, should be se lected on the recommendations of the medical director. Full-time service of a physician may be warranted by the size of the Doctor, nurse and safety director review an accident case. National Safely Newt, March, I9S4 Section 8--Medical and Health Service plant or the nature of its operations. Sometimes a plant physician engages in private practice with the com pany's approval. He may devote part of his time to the industrial organi zation, assuming supervisory re sponsibility and delegating detail work to qualified assistants. For Smaller Plants Part-time service. For a plant not large enough to warrant a full-time medical director, a part-time ar rangement may be the solution. A physician who is present only part of the day should have definite hours at the plant. With such an arrangement it is desirable to have a full-time nurse in attendance so that treatment will be carried out and complete records kept. The nurse is responsible to the physician and works under his direction. Some plants employ medical serv ice on a call basis, the doctor being summoned only in emergencies. This is the least satisfactory type of serv ice. Under such a setup, the physi cian is not likely to develop a real interest in the company, nor will he be able to do effective educational work. Cooperative services. Where sev eral small plants are close together, a cooperative medical service pro gram can often be carried on suc cessfully. A .central dispensary with the necessary personnel and equip ment is maintained. Adequate serv ice can be made available at moderate cost. Physical Examinations Pre-employment examinations have become standard procedure in many companies. Their purpose is to place each employee in a job suited to his capacity rather than to bar anyone from a job. Periodic checkups are desirable, particularly for elderly employees, for those in jobs where safety de pends on physical fitness, and where there is exposure to health-hazard ous materials. Examinations include vision, heart, chest, blood pressure, hearing and urinalysis. Tests in some industries require rather elaborate laboratory facilities. Laboratories. For most industries, facilities for taking urine tests and blood counts are needed. Blood serum samples can be sent to a local or state laboratory for analysis. Where a large volume of toxicologi cal tests is conducted, a complete laboratory at the plant may be desirable. Vision. Several devices for test ing visual acuity and classifying workers for jobs are available. These devices can be used by trained lay men. Employees showing visual de fects are referred to ophthalmolo gists or optometrists for further tests. Hearing. By means of the audi ometer, acuteness of hearing can be determined and treatment indicated. Any progressive loss of hearing, through noisy work or other causes can be measured. Mobile lirst-aid cart. Equipment includes first aid kit, folding stretcher, resuscitator, fire extinguisher, lanterns and blanket. (Barber Greene Co.) 230 Chest. For many occup .. employment and periodicA* tions include X-rays 0f t?V Mass chest surveys are regular intervals in industr/^ health hazards require j6*'. checks, and in public heau^^j paigns to detect incipient ^ V tuberculosis. _ Trained technicians with | equipment can be engaged duct mass X-ray surveys. ^ Cl>t Consultants The medical director, like th vate practitioner, is not an Cru 1 in all branches of medical ' Both find it necessary at tim*1'** call on specialists when dia^< is uncertain or treatment ' specialized techniques. rquir, Surgeons. In all surgical Caspt where there is danger of inaccurj* diagnosis or inadequate treatment outside consultation should be called in early. Frequently, the admin.' istrative and diagnostic ability of medical director is more important than his skill in surgery. The plant --To page 231 REFERENCES Industrial Medicine and Hygiene National Safety News Measuring Plant Needs for Medical Sent, ice--Thomas A. Coates, M.D., July 1953 p. 20. Placement, Not Exclusion -- Prank P Guidotti, M.D., Nov. 1953, p. 22. Getting Pacts About Occupational Der matitis--May 1950, p. 39. Sleuthing for Skin Irritants--C. H. Kalb. M.D., Nov. 1950, p. 32. Hundred Million Dollar Doss -- Louis Schwartz, M.D., Feb. 1952, p. 33. Auditing Industry's Medical Services-- C. H. Walmer, M.D., Feb. 1951, p. 64. Books Principles and Practice of Industrial Medicine. Edited by Fred J. Wampier, M.D. The William & Wilkins Co., Baltimore. 1943. Industrial Health, Kober and Hayhurst. P. Blaklston & Sons Co., Philadelphia, 1924. Industrial Hygiene for Engineers and Managers. Carey P. McCord. M, D Harper Sc Bros., New York, 1931. Industrial Medicine. Clark and Drinker, National Medical Book Co., New York Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene. Rutherford T. Johnstone, MO, C. V. Mosby Co., St. Louis 3, Mo , 194? Industrial Health Engineering. Allen D. Brandt. John Wiley Sc Sons, New York 1947. Toxicology and Hygiene of Industrial Sol vents. Edited by K. M. Lehmann and F. Flury; translated by Eleanor King and Hen ry F. Smyth, Jr. The Williams and Wiikins Co., Baltimore, 1943. Industrial Hygiene. Edited bv A ? t anza and Jacob A. Goldberg. Oxford t \ Press, 1939. Occupational Diseases of the >*;n 1. as Schwartz, M.D., Louis Yulipan \| n *nd Samuel M. Peck, M.D. Lea f* ** yer Philadelphia, 1947. Women in Industry, Their H* ' <ud Efficiency. Anna M. Baetjer AB Saunders Co., Philadelphia, tm Industrial Hygiene and Tom. > w by Frank A. Patty. Inter-Sc:en. * i Inc., New York, 1948, Industrial Toxicology. Alice Harriet L. Hardy. Harper Sc Br< ^ s M, Section 8--Medical and Health Service Care of the Injured Utility crew demonstrates techniques of treatment with unit first-aid kit. PROMPT and skilled treatment of injuries can prevent many minor cases from becoming serious and thereby avoid a great deal of lost time. Sudden illnesses that occur on the job are also within the scope of plant first-aid service and here also complications can often be avoided by prompt treatment. Injuries should be treated by a physician or nurse if possible. Com panies with extensive first-aid train ing programs do not permit laymen to give treatment if medical service is available. Their training is strictly for emergency use. However, most injury cases, in the plant and outside, are first handled by laymen. Many a life has been saved because some trained person used the minutes while waiting for the doctor to check bleeding, apply resuscitation, and treat shock. Military service has extended the training of laymen in first-aid tech niques, and combat experience proved the value of their training. In civilian life many persons have been trained by the American Red Cross, and the U. S. Bureau of Mines in the United States and similar organizations in other countries. Competent treatment of injuries requires: 1. Trained attendants 2. Clean, convenient quarters 3. Medically approved equipment and supplies 4. Proper organization 5. Well-kept records This discussion is concerned pri marily with the needs of plants which employ a full-time nurse and part-time physician rather than those with medical staffs and hospi tal facilities. Personnel. First-aid facilities should be under the supervision of at least a part-time physician. A full-time registered nurse is desir able, even in a medium-sized plant. If a full-time nurse is not prac ticable, at least two employees who have completed standard first-aid courses should be selected to carry on the work. They should be under the supervision of a doctor or a nurse. Attendants should be allov i sufficient time from their jov ; to keep the first-aid room in order, check supplies, and keep the neces sary records. One attendant should be available during all working hours. The Dispensary A separate room should be pro vided, if possible. Patients should have reasonable privacy. If it is not practicable to partition the dispen sary into a waiting room and a treat ment room, a screen can be used. Cleanliness of equipment and sur roundings should be maintained for both hygienic and psychological reasons. The color scheme has an important influence on patients. For walls and ceilings, light tints in washable semi-gloss enamel are practical and cheerful. White is no longer considered necessary for hos pitals and dispensaries. The first-aid room should have: 1. Good lighting 2. Adequate ventilation and comfort able temperature 3. Basin with hot and cold running water 4. A quiet location 5. Floors of durable and easily cleaned material 6. Toilet facilities Equipment. For a dispensary with a registered nurse in charge under the supervision of a part-time physi cian, equipment might include: 1. Two white enameled chairs and a bench 2. Enameled top table or desk 3. Stool 4. One or more beds or cots 5. Linen and blankets 6. Waste can with cover 7. File for medical records 8. Floor lamp 9. Treatment table and instrument cabinet 10. Medicine chest 11. Small sterilizer 12. Small items of office and surgical equipment, such as basins, pitchers, rubber gloves (sterile), scissors, tweezers, forceps, hot water bottle, ice bag 13. Stretcher 14. Telephone Supplies The dispensary operated under full-time medical supervision will naturally carry a wider assortment of instruments and supplies, includ ing many items not ordinarily used by laymen. If the first-aid room is staffed by workers with Red Cross certificates it is better to keep the setup as simple as possible. The supervising physician should be consulted about the selection of materials, particularly when medi cation is involved. It is advisable to leave the choice of such items as first-aid antiseptics and burn dress ings to him. Unit first-aid material is replacing bulk first-aid supplies for smaller plants, for small groups detached from a central headquarters, men working in isolated areas where medical help is not available, and REFERENCES Care of the Injured National Safety Council Emergency Nursing Care of the Eyes In rndustry--Safety Reprint Gen. 4. Improved Pole Top Resuscitation--Safety Reprint 42. Unit First-Aid Kits--Data Sheet 202, National Safety News Treatment of Low-Voltage Injuries - - Henry S. Brown, M.D., June 1953, p. 38. New Thoughts on Resuscitation--F. a. Van Atta, Dec. 1951, p. 20. Section S--Medical and Health Service JUNKIN STRETCHERS STRETCHER CASE S4080 fob The Junkin Stretcher Case affords a con* venlent and compact cabinet for storing the army type stretcher, blankets and first aid equipment. It provides a definite location for the equipment and protects it against the deterioratinc effects of dirt and grime. And because *'s compact it's a SPACE SAVER tool Comes fully equipped if desired. JUNKIN SPLINT-TYPE STRETCHER Construction permits patient to be carried horizontally or lifted vertically without danger from inaccessible locations. Canvas straps and footrests keep patient rigid and comfortable. For complete information write for free descriptive literature. > JUNKIN, l ENGINEERED * \ \ SAFETY /.. J SAFETY APPLIANCE CO. 101 S. FLOYD ST. LOUISVILLE 2, KENTUCKY 232 on trains, buses, trucks, airplanes and other mobile equipment. Unit first aid material is desirable for such groups because each dress ing and treatment is an individual unit, for one-time use only. Ma terials can be kept in sanitary con dition without deterioration for long periods. There is more likely to be a sufficient quantity and wider assortment of bandages. To simplify maintenance of indus trial first-aid kits and to establish commercial standards for sizes of unit cartons and kits, the Division of Simplified Practice, National Bu reau of Standards has compiled Code R178-41 in cooperation with industry. Kit sizes and their contents are determined by the number of per sons to be protected, with consider ation to the nature and frequency of injuries likely to occur. Kits come in 10, 16, 24, and 36 unit sizes. A 24-unit kit for example, would be suitable for a group of 50 men. Specifications'outlined in Federal Specifications GGK-391 (Amended) are generally accepted and used by manufacturers in the production of unit first-aid material and kits. For operations under federal regu lation, assortments have been speci fied although these may not fit all local requirements. Contents of kits include the following items: Adhesive bandages Bum compound Bum solution Petroleum gauze Ammonia inhalants Antiseptic swabs Antiseptic applicators Tincture green soap Eye packets Bandage compresses--2, 3 and 4 inch Tourniquet Forceps Scissors Triangular bandage Gauze bandage Gauze pads Gauze compress Adhesive tape Aspirin tablets Soda bicarbonate tablets Poison ivy ointment Insect repellent Snake bite packet The unit system does away with many of the objections to the old first aid kit but a competent and conscientious employee should be responsible for dispensing the sup plies. Employees may help them selves, often for home use, and sup plies may not be replaced. Also, self-treatment should be discour aged. For the smaller plant, ideal quar ters for a first aid station may not be available but the best possible spot should be chosen. It readily accessible to the zone and convenient for sun^ and maintenance. A lavatory with hot and ,, ning water and toilet should be available. 1 | Reasonable privacy is <je. both for the patient and f possible effect on those worl? ^ I the area. If a separate room in available, a screen can be er'S Equipment may be selected*^ lists suggested for dispen^ keeping in mind the limitation?'* space and the requirements 0f plant. The following are essenth 1. Desk or table for filling out r(nv/' and records. "*** 2. Chair or stool. 3. Filing cabinet for records. 4. Waste can with cover. 5. Bulletin board. 6. First aid manual. Dispensary Records Accurate records should be kept of all treatments. If injuries are in. frequent, a small day book may 1^ sufficient, if kept systematically. Entries should include these details: 1. Date and time of injury. 2. Date and time injury was reported for treatment. 3. Name of injured. 4. Address of injured. 5. Where and how injury was re ceived. 6. Names, addresses and telephone numbers of witnesses. 7. Nature of injury. 8. Kind of treatment given, and by whom. 9. Whether employee returned to work after treatment; if not, when, First-Aid Antiseptics Infection of an open wound can be prevented by killing the germs already present or by removing them mechanically and preventing the entrance of more. It is in this second theory that soap and sterile water are used in aseptic treatment of wounds. Careful and thorough washing with soap will mechanically remove the organisms and a sterile bandage will prevent entrance of more. Very few are destroyed in the process. Many substances will kill germs in a test tube but a successful firstaid antiseptic must kill them in the presence of body substances and not kill too many of the body cells at the same time. Choosing the prop er one is something of an art and for this reason should be left to the doctor in charge. Corrosive sublimate, for instance, is an antiseptic mercury compound and very effective except for its bad National Safety Newt. March. 7954 1 Section $--Medical and Health Service The use of 'Thantis' Lozenges puts first things first. 'Thantis' Lozenges relieve pain promptly--reduce infection--act prophylactically. Twenty-three years' extensive clinical and lay use has proved the safety and effectiveness of this popular product. Reg. U.S. Pat. Off. first aid for wounds Neglect may cause infection which can be prevented by prompt use of 'Mercurochrome'. No antiseptic has been proved to be more effective than 'Mercurochrome' for topical application. HYNSON, WESTCOTT & DUNNING, INC., Baltimore i, Maryland UdL. __________________ _______________________ 233 Section 8--Medico/ and Health Service What your plant can accomplish with Vision Screening We recently made up a re port of savings made by 59 plants: Big savings in cost of train ing new employees (as high as 75%); reduction in accidents and spoilage; labor turnover reduced 30% or more. Also increased earnings of employees, less absenteeism, and other gains. Briefly summarized in a Booklet--which we'll be glad to send to any personnel official, on request. ea* \ WHat X\& accoit'P Keystone View Co., Meatlville, Penna. Pioneers in Bin ocular Vision Testing. KEYSTONE "SSS*- OCCUPATIONAL VISUAL SERVICE EMERSON Resuscitators .......... J SIMPLE to operate. SAFE for adults children, or infants. ACCEPTED by the American Medical Association since 1942 for use by laymen. PROVIDE SUCTION, alternating with pressure, to give vital aid to the circulation. Write for free Medical References on,Resuscitation. NOTE: The first few minutes after breathing has ceased are the most criti cal. Manual artificial respiration should be started immediately and continued until the resuscitator is in use. Write for free bulletin, Emerson Method of Artificial Respiration. "Simplest and Safotf " J. H. EMERSON CO. CAMBRIDGE 40, MASS. 234 effect on tissues. Come as merthiolate, merphenyi'H, curochrome are devise/ antiseptic properties 0f V.i without its toxic effects The halogens (tincture and Dakin's solution) I widely used because of tW6 Q 1 oxidizing action. They / SV 1 6 Combination tweezers and 4X magnify glass. (Hilco Engineering Co.) 1 stronger than hydrogen peroxide which is used for the same reason The various antibiotics (sulpha compounds, penicillin, terramyn^ etc.) are not antiseptics although they are very useful in treating infections. They should not be used in first aid because their use is not without danger. Transporting the Injured Where there is any doubt about moving the patient, medical aid should be brought to the scene of the accident, if at all possible. Lift ing a patient into a car may aggra vate injuries. Before the patient is moved he should be treated for possible shock. Fractures should always be splinted. Stretchers. The army type is easy to handle. It can be used as a cot at the scene of the accident, in tran sit, and at the first-aid room or hospital. It is frequently stored in a canister in a conspicuously marked spot to keep it clean and ready for use. Collapsible stretchers may be folded when not in use and carried in an automobile. Some are equipped with wheels and an adjustable head rest. Bandages, splints and stretchers may be improvised in emergencies when regular equipment is not available. Improvisation is part of first-aid training. Where men are at work, however, approved firstaid equipment and supplies should be kept on hand. j I ! National Safetv Mnrrh ?9*1/1 announces new way. i Operate your unit first aid system at lower cost The secret is... cellophane-wrapped units! MSco gives you this wrapping service free! H ere is how it saves you money... 1 Infrequently used units will not have to be replaced because of the unit carton (not contents) wearing out. Now MSco protects the carton, too ! 2 Pilferage of items from a multiple unit can always be detected . . . like forceps, scissors, or a tourniquet, for example. It's a tamperproof unit! Thus, a man in the field never suddenly finds an important item missing just when he needs it! 3 Inspection time cut 75%. A glance tells the story! No more opening of every single unit package to determine contents. Actual studies prove this reduces inspec tion time 75%. Figure out your savings on vour own hourly rate. 4 Every unit gets continuous protection. No more discards, because other units in the kit are protected against leakage due to partially used and improperly sealed items, such as tubes, applicator vials and bottles. 5 Cellophane builds extra confidence because packages are tamperproof. Y'our employees know this! Turn page... New cellophane-wrapped first aid units and color-matching kits Here's unit first aid in its finest form . . . remarkably improved to lower your costs, give greater service in the field! New cellophane-wrapped units . . . exclusive with MSco . . . and new color-matching kits give you a more prac tical, serviceable unit carton plus a more practical, serv iceable kit. Here's why: Cellophane wrapping eliminates replacement of infre quently used units. . . makes the unit tamperproof, guards against pilferage of items . . . cuts inspection time 75% . .. gives continuous protection to every unit. . . builds extra confidence among your personnel. Kits are of attractive hardfinish MSco Forest Bronze that withstands scuffing, weather, abuse! This hard, baked-on enamel is the same type as used by automotive equipment manufacturers. Your field men know what such protection means! And, most important, too, this new standard color scheme for both the units and cartons . . . highly visible Buckskin Tan with Forest Bronze . . . means extra legi bility, quick and accurate reading of contents and use data. Saves time when it counts most! Such new and practical developments are the kind s<m can always expect from MSco. For MSco people are specialists in unit first aid . . . devoted exclusively to the policy of bringing you the very latest and very l>--st unit first aid for your field operations. Medical Supply Comparn ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS IN CANADA, IT'S SAFETY SUFflY CO N Section 8--Medical and Health Service Resuscitation Methods and Equipment ..<pf application of artificial 1* atin ^ trained persons has rf-'P1! thousands of lives in cases of Jv'e n<jed breathing due to asphyx ia6 drowning, electric shock, pother causes. iFt. Arm-Lift, Back-Pressure thod. recently introduced, has ^e adopted officially by the ^eeriean Red Cross and other or'^izations. and is being taught to P jncleasing number of persons. aflcaI1 be applied immediately with11 apParatus' which is important in II cases of suspended respiration. i iS more efficient than the Schafer proa pressure method which has been widely taught for many years jgd has saved many lives Mechanical resuscitators are used i,y fire departments, hospitals and by some industries where asphyxia tion or electric shock hazards are [serious and where apparatus and [trained personnel are immediately [ available. Such apparatus can be used where [injuries to the patient might prevent [use of manual resuscitation. It also [gives more air exchange and does [not get tired. Mechanical resuscitators are for ; use only by persons trained in their operation. The American Medical Association lists devices accepted for use by hospitals and medical depart ments. The inhalator, which supplies oxy gen to the patient under low, con tinuously positive pressure, is used ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION (Arm-lift, Back-Preisure Method) t vt<t,~ a* head turned to on# side, ch#k o" hand. Clear mOU*h, thoc* C* obt'fUtlion. 2 Kneel at * ? b*cd -- pec**' 3 Ploce ho^dt -- o t-p* together on v>cti>n'$ bo? - v' bt'C* jhouider blade? i Rock forwo-c -'o-'v *o eert pretwte keep yout e t>c> straight. 5 R#t#a?e prence by M#mg your elbow?. Rock beck on your heel?, jliding hc~di vp % back od out along ormj. 4. c/ratp ern? holt way between elbow? and jhoulder? Pull up od toward? you until you feel re?i?tonce. t- 7 lower orm?, repeat back presture. Repeat cycle ' 0 or 12 time? a mingt*. 8 Do not interrupt rhythm. Continue until victim I? breoth.ng ?trongly or it dead. Sk NOT too HEAVY--NOT too FAST, let ?om*one el?e looten tight clothing, go for help, get blonkeft. You haven't time. NSC Safety Instruction Card No. 781. Mechanical resuscitators give more air ex change than manual resuscitation and do not get tired. Manual methods should be employed without delay while waiting for equipment. (J. H. Emerson Co.) with manual resuscitation. It is par ticularly valuable in cases of gas asphyxiation. The inhalator, by it self, does not produce respiration and should not be confused with mechanical resuscitators. Use of pure oxygen, rather than a mixture of oxygen and carbon di oxide, is recommended by the Coun cil on Physical Medicine of the American Medical Association. Some types of apparatus combine the functions of resuscitator, inha lator and aspirator, restoring breath ing, administering oxygen and re moving from the throat secretions which might hinder breathing. The ``Eve" or rocking method uses a stretcher over a support on which the patient is see-sawed up and down. This me nod is used by the British Navy and the U. S. Coast Guard. A folding stretcher and sup port can be carried in an automobile. Application of manual resuscita tion should never be delayed while waiting for apparatus. Medical Service --From page 230 physician should refer all cases which might be beyond his training and experience to a specialist or surgeon. Oculists. Injuries to the eyes are among the most frequent of occu pational injuries. The importance of the eyes is so great that highest available skill should be secured. Specialists should be summoned in all potentially serious cases. The oculist can also serve indus try in correcting defective vision among employees. The employee slfuld, of course, have the privilege of choosing his own oculist or op tometrist but frequently he will ask the advice of the medical depart ment on the selection of a specialist. Where prescription goggles are indi cated, some companies provide the examination. Dentists. Injuries to the teeth are relatively infrequent in industry and such cases are usually sent outside for treatment. The medical depart ment should have a list of dentists qualified to treat such injuries. The importance of oral hygiene has led many companies to provide dental examinations, sometimes in cluding full-mouth X-rays. The findings are usually referred to the employee's dentist since few com panies provide restorative dentistry. Health Agencies Among the agencies furnishing helpful data on general and special ized phases of medical service, first aid and industrial hygiene are the following: United States Public Health Service United States Department of Labor American Standards Association Industrial Hygiene Foundation Atomic Energy Commission State and Municipal Health Depart ments MEDICAL FACILITIES Recommended Standards 1. In plants of 500 or more, a full time nurse should be in attendance. A physician should be present at the daily dressing hour. 2. Number of treatment rooms: 50 to 500 employees............. 1 500 to 1000 employees........... 2 1000 to 5000 employees___ 3 5000 to 10,000 employees... 5 3. For plants of more than 1,000 employees the dispensary should be equipped with bath and toilet, equip ment for minor surgery, and other apparatus and supplies selected by the physician in charge. 4. One or more beds should be provided where severe cases may be made comfortable during observa tion or while waiting for transpor tation to a general hospital. 5. An X-ray room, if facilities are not available in a local hospitai or physician's office. 6. The hospital should be under full charge of the company physi cian. t Waw? March. 1954 237 Section -'" an`, Surgical Cleanliness in The First-Aid Room FIRST AID treatment requires ade quate sterilization of surgical ma terials and rigid precautions during treatment and until the wound is healed. To the physician and nurse, keep ing equipment and supplies free from contamination and cleansing the hands thoroughly has become second nature. But the first-aid attendant called from his job to treat an injury may overlook important precautions. The first-aid room should be quiet and away from odors. Good ventila tion is essential. Windows should be screened to keep out insects. In sum mer, screen doors are also advisable. Furnishings should be simple and neat and the room should not be cluttered. Walls painted with egg shell enamel in a light tint of green, cream or buff are satisfactory. A patient who is nervous or in a state of shock may be upset still more by intricate patterns on walls and ceil ings. The floor should be resilient and easy to clean. Linoleum, rubber tile, vinyl tile, and asphalt tile are satis- factory. Damp cloths f0r . a sweeping compound dust. A vacuum eleanftr . brush attachment is als0 Supplies (bandages, mleents, etc.) should be Nbn ti',ijw'MJ nets. Gauze and band,, chased in packages are stT'S dressings are reconuwj!* t| treatment by laymen, ,* waste and contamination of* supplies and, as in the case* compresses, it is possible dressings without touching ,1^' which comes next to the h. Sterilizers are used to steiir'* struments such as forceps, tv,- M etc., by subjecting them 't07S I water or live steam. Boiling minutes is advised. ^ 111 When treatment is conclude struments should be cleaned f' sterilized and allowed to dry, dressings should be disposed of of sight of patients. A closed* with self-closing foot-operated <5.*1 is a useful item. v Hands cannot be made absolute I sterile but reasonable standards personal cleanliness-should be mJ ] tained. While the packet $yste- makes it possible for a personal dirty hands to apply a sterile dress! I --To page?J Every step in manufacture, all supplies that go into the new M.S.A. First Aid Kits are keyed to the number stamped on each Unit "D" package. This identity is your assurance of individual responsibility on our part . . . the best possible guarantee of product protection to you. MORE THAN 60 ITEMS GIVE YOU COMPLETE SELECTION You name it, we have it! 12 different packages of antiseptics; 15 various kinds and sizes of bandages and dressings; over 21 burn treatments; and more than 15 miscellaneous items, including eye treat ment, snake bite kits, poison ivy oint ments, and many others. Write for details. MINE SAFETY APPLIANCES CO. 201 North Braddock Avenue, Pittsburgh 8( Pa. At Your Service; 82 Branch Offices in the United States and Canada ! i ! 238 NEW HOPE in the battle against CANCER the fight against man's crudest enemy is far from won. If present rates con tinue, 23 million living Americans will die of cancer--230,000 this year. And thousands of these will die needlessly-- through cancer that could have been cured if treated in time. all the same, there have been victories. Thousands who once would have died are being saved--thanks, in part, to your donations to the American Cancer Society. and, last year, the Society was able to allocate $5,000,000 of your donations to research aimed at finding the ultimate cure for alt cancer. That's more money than ever before. much more, ofcourse, remains to be done. So please make this year's gift a really generous one! Cancer MAN'S CRUELESY ENEMY Strike back--Give f AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY National Safety News, March, 1954 Good First Aid Equipment Starts With a BOMGARDNER SUPER-JIFFY EMERGENCY STRETCHER Good first aid equipment must include a modern stretcher . . . one that will give the patient the best in comfort and safety. The Bomgardner Super-Jiffy is the finest stretcher made . . . manufactured by the leading producers of stretchers, ambu lance cots and wheeled service equipment. Check these features. You'll agree that Super-Jiffy is a must in your first aid equipment. # Super Strong . . . heat treated, aluminum aircraft tubing % Absolutely Safe ... no parts move on frame . . never becomes "shaky" 0 Wheels, legs and frame lock auto matically when opened % A Pair of Six Foot body straps 0 Dimensions: Open--72"xl9"x61/4" Supor-Jiffy Folds to 37"xT9"x4" size for easy Carrying or Storago Write for Catalogue for Full Information 7Hi BOMGARDNER MANUFACTURING CO. Dept. N, 1384 Hird Avenue Cleveland 7, Ohio Naf/ona/ Safety News, March, 1954 SINCE IMS 239 tc,io/i gM *'di'i.cct/ ,al *,"v/'c. / S*' the ub 240 &'** >o tk "*** .**ch Item*"" Gtlrl or > ettSes to it boc, ^at. froi^ th79kes */f. aerf. A6W/0'i"of $0f evv. <Ma< te/,. !?S4 DVIS Ssctio* 4--AUdico/ and Health Service CREATED Mode* INDUSTRIAL UNIT FIRST AID Yes . . . three decades ago Davis gave industry the D-CARTON System --the first effectively organized unit system of first aid, designed specifically to meet the many different personnel emergencies encountered in the plant and in the field. Since then it has been adopted as the standard by thousands of companies in every branch of industry. And over the years Davis dedica tion to the cause of industrial unit first aid has resulted in many other innovations that have made first aid more effective. A few of the outstanding Davis contributions to greater industrial unit first aid are described below. OTHER DAVIS "FIRSTS" FOR INDUSTRIAL UNIT FIRST AID 1924--The Adhesive Bandage--now a common household item--was developed by Davis for industrial first aid use. 1924--Coloring of solution in Ammonia Inhalants to produce pink tint on cotton to indicate exhaustion of Ammonia. U.S. Patent No. 1516454. 192G~Tannoid, the then accepted Tannic Acid treatment for burns, made available to industry in a special Davis Burn Kit. An anti-freeze was added to the formula to keep it effective in cold weather. See 1949. 1932--Lot numbers stamped on D-Cartons for maximum quality control. 1933--Isodine, non-alcoholic solution of Iodine developed by Mellon Institute, presented to industry by Davis. 1936--Davis Bandage Compresses adopted Johnson 6s John son Zobec Sponge for greater absorbency and softness. 1940--Davis introduced transparent sleeve for antiseptic swabs. Swab ends cemented to sleeves, will not push back into sleeve, or pull out when in use. 1949--Davis introduced Americaine water soluble jelly in Davis Bum Kit--a topical anaesthetic that provides almost instant relief from pain. The D-Carton System--a standard UNIT FIRST AID FOR INDUSTRY The Davis line of First Aid Kits and equipment has grown to keep pace with industry's needs, so that today there is a kit to meet the special requirements of every type of industrial operation--from the most compact pocket kit to the most complete possible plant kit. These include portable and wall kits of all sizes and combinations of equipment, hundreds of special purpose first aid materials and medicaments; bum kits, snake bite kits, first aid and medicine kits, etc. The Unit System of First Aid is also used by the Armed Forces and the Red Cross. Write lor First Aid Catalog and name of nearest distribution point. DAVISKSCOJNC. 55 HALLECK STREET NEWARK, NEW JERSEY i uw Mareh. 1954 241 Section 8--Medical and Health Service jjri -*Jf %s s rT * ` DEPENDABLE for FIRST AID, for EMERGENCY for DISASTER, for DEFENSE ' With a distinguished record of use by the medical services of the Armed Forces, by other governmental agencies, by hospitals, by emergency and disaster units, by industrial clinics and first-aid stations . , . VASELINE STERILE PETROLA Yto- 19 for immediate an7 Y PplitatlM ,0 on ab'raassiioonn, andj ofuftrenr> '' SUrfa'* juries. have been adopted by surgeons as standard proendure, by nurses as preferred mat&riel, by profes- slotlally-trained aid personnel as the compact, ready- A mode, ready-to-apply dressing of their choice. CHESEBROUGH MFG. CO., Cons'd j".-;.; PrafaitioiMl Product* Division Now York 4, N.Y. Specify these superior dressings in the foil-envelopes to your supplier. VASELINE IS THE REGISTERED TRADE-MARK OF THI: CHISillOVOH MFG. CO., CONS'D HALCO STRETCHER CANISTER The Halco Stretch er Canister is the ideal way to store your Stretcher. Made of heavy gauge steel, the Canister when dosed will prevent dirt and grime from deteriorating the Stretcher. The Canister is 95" high by 5" wide by 8" deep, and comes finished in white baked en amel. Write today for literature and the name and address of the nearest dealer handling the Halco Stretcher Canister. A. E. HALPERIN Co., Inc. 75-87 NORTHAMPTON ST. BOSTON 18, MASS. Branch - 2208 E. FAYETTE ST. SYRACUSE 3, N. Y. 242 Surgical Cleanliness --From page 238 ing without contaminating it, only an emergency would justify it. For the first-aid room, clean towels (cloth or paper) and soap, preferably liquid or powdered in a dispenser, should be available. A nail brush should be used. If extensive dressing or cleansing of a wound is indicated, the patient should be placed in a comfortable position and the injury covered tem porarily, after any severe bleeding has been checked. Wash-up then proceeds as follows: 1. Clean finger nails by scrubbing with soaped brush and warm water, up and down the nails and across the finger tips. 2. Then scrub inside of hands and between fingers. 3. Then outside of hands and arms beyond the elbow. A short-sleeved shirt or jacket is recommended. 4. Rinse so that water runs off the elbows. Finally, wash with a sponge dipped in alcohol. Patient's clothes or hands should not come in contact with a wound during or after treatment. Wounds may also become infected from the nose or throat of the patient or the attendant. Infections Infections were involved ,n one out of ten hand or finger injuries .,, i ending to reports of two State Cotn|.< n-ition Commissions. This is twin- the re. mded frequency for other parts . if on- 'jdy. For example, foot or toe i n:.-* be came infected in only one ise ,n 20; arm injuries and leg injuries n one case in 16. Infections tor .... of the body averaged 1 in 2') s.ited injuries. hJetflonni Sntmhr m ae4 arming or improving a dip Sec/jon 8--Medico/ and Health Service CLINICAL LABORATORY EMERGENCY TREATMENT ROOM EXAMINATION AND TREATMENT ROOM ... .let aloe help you Modern industrial health care is increasingly concerned with the general health of employees as well as the routine treatment of the injured. If you plan to expand existing facilities or establish an entirely new depart ment, A. S. Aloe has a planning department staffed with medical equip ment experts, prepared to help you with layouts and suggested equipnien lists. Our planning service is designed to save valuable time and relie\ you of the burden of endless detail in preparing floor plans, cheek li-t etc. The illustrations above show the Aloe-equipped medical ami lain ratorv installations of the Atlas Pow'der Company's plant in Chat taming Tennessee. Here, the employee is placed in an atmosphere equal, i every respect, to that of the private physician's office, and is 11k-i .-s..1 relieved of any possible doubt that he is the beneficiary of supermi m. ieal care. Please write for complete details. a s. aloe company AND SUBSIDIARIES 1831 Olive St. St. Ic LOS ANGELES IS 1150 SOUTH FLOWER St. SAN FRANCISCO 5 500 HOWARD STREET SEATTLE 1 1920 TERRY AVE. KANSAS CITY 2 4128 BROAOWAY NEW ORLEANS 12 1425 TULANE AVE. ATLANTA 3 492 PEACHTREE ST..N.E. 243 Rehabilitation for the Handicapped THERE ARE few persons so seri ously handicapped physically or mentally that they are permanently unemployable. An intelligently se lective program which places the handicapped worker where he can work safely and productively is both humane and economically sound. Many companies, even in days of plentiful labor supply, have will ingly accepted workers with serious physical defects. Most employers are willing to take care of their own employees who have been injured on the job but are less ready to em ploy those who have been disabled elsewhere. The 'blind, deaf, and crippled, the amputees and the people with bad hearts, the neurotics and the suf ferers from chronic illnesses and sensitivities -- have been studied many times. Statistical evidence seems to show that such people, when properly placed, are produc tive and safe workers. Proper placement for these people demands, first of all, a thorough knowledge of the work operations and the working conditions of each occupation in the plant. This knowl edge should be evaluated by quali fied specialists -- production men, personnel men, safety men, and medical personnel. Physical require ments for each occupation should be established individually, and they should be as strict as needed--but not more so. This information should be as sembled in easy reference form for use in the employment interview and in the final placement following medical examination. It is important that supervisors be made aware of the importance of any limitations placed on the types of work an individual may do safely. The formal transfer of a worker from one job to another is only the most obvious situation in which this point should be considered. There is, on the shop floor, a constant temp tation to shift men and work oper ations quickly to meet temporary or changing situations. No amount of personnel-office record-keeping will prevent misassignment and resulting serious hazard in such situations, unless supervisors are made strongly con scious of the need of observing all restrictions on the work operations of handicapped employees--and un less they have at hand tion on these restrictin'^ W employee. n? C A systematic method of the information from den^N department in cases of' should be established. 1 One objection to the of handicapped workers Nvl disability may be aggra|? VI spurious claims of aggraVH be made, involving the catn'\| increased compensation cost!5|,)v There are, of course, matlv of handicaps which, for anv B ^ | lar type of operation, may he ^ 1 vated. Workers so should not be employed I operations. The best defense against imju claims is a sound physical exai>y I tion, which definitely document*11'?' physical status of the worker at l ployment and at intervals ri,,~ " his employment. r" A number of agencies are read to serve the employer who is cof sidering employing conspicuous? handicapped people. There are V and federal rehabilitation agetV I which have information on the I capabilities of the handicapped gen.! erally, and also contact with handicapped individuals who have prof, ited from rehabilitation training. `PAC-KIT' FIRST AID MODERN UNIT TYPE FIRST AID EQUIPMENT FOR EVERY EMERGENCY cm - - No. 748 SNAKE BITE KIT SUCTION FIRST AID IMPROVED FIRST AID FOR BURNS F|wr aid PaC-Kit' SUPPLIED IN ;ioi,%02ra `PAC-KIT' provides standard products packed in individual cartons with illus* trated First Aid Instructions. Electrically welded 20 gauge steel, dust and moisture proof cases provide complete protection of contents and long service. 7 nrrtovtD PORTSMEN'S ESEARCH INON.MOflU Easily operated with one hand. ANY ONE can give effective first aid. KIT CONTAINS: Tourniquet, lancet and Suction Syringo, with I Curved Rubber Suction Cup ! Large Rubber Suction Cup 3 Iodine Applicators 3 Ammonia Inhalants 3 Adhesive Bandages Wt. complete in metal case, 7 ozs. m wm omwi T.iM^s.nsa rumPACHCIT REFILL UNITS HS4A m wiwomTMtirr.ut^atmu mm' h FIRE, ELECTRICAL, WELDING, STEAM AND FRICTION BURNS. Scalds--Sunburn--Windburn P-K BURN OINTMENT provides immediate and sustained relief. It is a soft Lanoline base cream with an effective analgesic. Liberal free sample on request. VISIT OUR EXHIBIT BOOTH NO. 103 AT THE GREATER NEW YORK SAFETY CONVENTION Write for descriptive literature and prices. THE PAC-KIT COMPANY P.O. BOX 1306 GREENWICH, CONN. 244 Training in Safety iNstbuctiox in safe methods of ^ork and development of sound at titudes toward the safety program jjave been made more effective through use of the many audio visual aids that have been developed ia recent years. These supplement aI1J strengthen on-the-job instruc tion- Safety is so closely associated with efficient operation that much of the instruction serves a double purpose. The following aids are used ex tensively in training programs: 1. Employee manuals i 2. Films--motion pictures and slides 3. Bulletin boards and posters 4. Easels and flipcharts 5. Employee publications 6. Instruction cards Employee manuals are widely used in getting new' employees , acquainted with their jobs and keepj ing older employees reminded of I company policies. These booklets < tell the employee what the company expects of him and what he can ex pect of the company. Group insur ance, medical service, personal serv ice facilities, work and safety rules, and other details of employment. There is a present tendency to avoid the word "rules" in referring to job practices. Manuals range from simple mime ographed booklets to elaborate illus trated books. Cartoons give a friendly, informal tone to instruc tion and make rules seem less for bidding. Films, both motion picture and slide, are valuable for training classes and for meetings. Types of films include: Safety messages in letters eight inches high can be read at a distance. Copy can be changed quickly. (Wagner Sign Service, Inc.) 1. Strip films projecting individual frames, with the instructor adding the commentary. 2. Sound slidefilms using a similar strip, with disk or tape-recorded com mentary. 3. Separate projection slides with either live voice or recordings. 4. Sound and siient movies. Slidefilms can often be made from photographs taken on the job with amateur equipment. Modern color photography has added realism and attention value to both slides and movies, but black and white pictures are still useful for some subjects which do not lend themselves well to color. Movies require more expensive equipment and greater skill in their production but short amateur movies can fill a useful place in the program. Most of the motion picture films, however, will have to be obtained from outside sources and a great variety of films are available on a rental basis. Many are available from the National Safety Council which issues an annual list of movies and slidefilms that can be supplied. Bulletin boards in prominent loca tions are excellent media for official announcements and news as well as for safety information and reminders in the form of posters, charts, photo graphs and exhibits of protective equipment. In a company which does not have an employee publica tion the bulletin board serves some of the functions of a newspaper. Posters bring eye arresting splashes of color and safety messages to the bulletin board. Often the poster dis plays will catch the new employee's eye on the way to his department. Week after week, if the bulletin boards are well maintained, he will see new safety themes. These graphic displays will inform, remind and often amuse, since an occasional light touch has been found effective in getting across serious thoughts. Jumbo posters, 8% x 11 feet in size are often placed *on boards in conspicuous locations where the em ployee cannot fail to see them when coming to work or leaving the plant. If they can be seen by the public passing the plant, they will also help to make a favorable impression. Many companies obtain jumbo post ers from the National Safety Coun cil on a monthly service basis. Some paint bill boards with original art- 245 Section 9-Safety Promotion and Training 1 15. Electrical Hazards 16. Flammable Liquids 17. Fire Prevention 18. Fire Extinguishment and Conb. 19. Personal Protective Equipmej^ 0 20. Motor Transportation 21. Industrial Health Engineering 22. Industrial Poisons 23. Medical Services and Table Chemical Hazards 01 24. Safety Organization and Traini- 25. Accident Records 26. The Safety Man's Resources Sound slidefllms are widely used visual aids in safety training. work, perhaps including the plant's score of accident-free days. Easels and flipcharts are helpful in conducting meetings. Example of this type of material are the Na tional Safety Council's Safetygraphs, each dealing with a specific safety topic designed for use by foremen and others in holding meetings with small groups. Safetygraphs are collections of drawings, cartoons, charts and other illustrations printed on heavy paper and spiral-bound in a folder that opens to form an easel. With the large illustration facing the audi ence, the instructor discusses the subject portrayed, using his own words or reading the suggested talk on the back of the illustration facing the audience. Safety instruction cards, covering safe methods of practically every type of industrial operation, as well as seasonal and off-the-job subjects, are issued to employees as part of their job instruction. Often they are placed near the bench or machine to serve as reminders of precautions to be observed on the job. While the messages on most in struction cards are rather long to serve as posters, some companies make enlarged photostats of the cards and mount them on bulletin boards. Employee publications furnish an excellent medium for the safety mes sage. These publications range from simple mimeographed bulletins to elaborately printed and illustrated magazines. Illustrated safety stories are regular features in some publi cations. Most publications carry news of employee and company activities but some are strictly safety bulletins for employees, supervisors, and spe cial groups. Publications The National Safety Council's Ac cident Prevention Manual for Indus trial Operations, which heads the bibliography for practically every section in this issue, is an illustrated, cloth-bound volume of more than 800 pages. It contains the essentials of a complete program of accident prevention and occupational hygiene. Each major section of the Manual is available as a separate paperbound reprint. These 26 pamphlets are intended for wider distribution of specialized material. They replace many of the older Safe Practices Pamphlets which have been dis continued. Titles of section reprints are: 1. Permanent Structure and Plant Layout 2. Maintenance and Maintenance Crews 3. Boilers 4. Pressure Vessels 5. Refrigerating Equipment 6. Principles of Guarding and Trans mission Guards 7. Power Presses 8. Metalworking Machinery a,,d Abrasive wheels 9. Woodworking Machinery 10. Guarding Special Equipment 11. Storage and Manual Handling of Material 12. Power Handling of Material 13. Hand and Portable Power Tools 14. Welding and Cutting National Safety News brings each month 100 or more pages of practi. cal material on industrial accident prevention, occupational hygiene fire protection, as well as news about people, products and events in the field. Sectional News Letters deal more specifically with the problems and news related to the industries they serve. Accident Facts presents the annua! roundup of accident experience throughout the country, giving sum maries, analyses, rates, charts and tables. The Safe Worker, a monthly pocket-sized publication for employ ees, has a wide circulation through out industry. Written and illustrated in a gently humorous vein, it covers general safety themes. For the transportation fields there are similar publications called The Safe Driver and The Safe Railroader, For construction workers, The Safe Builder was recently introduced. Numerous miscellaneous booklets published by the National Safety Council cover health and off-thejob subjects and are designed spe cifically for the worker. The Industrial Supervisor each month provides help for the foreman in meeting his safety and training problems, offering articles and fea tures on technical and human rela tions subjects, safety talks, how-todo-it features and the like. Other publications for foremen in clude a series of 12 pamphlets on "Safety in Foremanship," six pam phlets on "Psychology of Safety in Supervision," and volumes of sug gested five-minute talks for the foreman to use "as is" or as the pattern for his own version of each subject. Data Sheets offer concise, authori tative discussions on specific safety subjects. They, like the pamphlets, are furnished separately or as full sets in ring binders. Detail Sheets offer working draw ings for construction of temporary structures or safety devices that any workman can follow. --To page 249 246 I 15. Electrical Hazards 'I 16. Flammable Liquids 17. Fire Prevention 18. Fire Extinguishment and Co,,, 19. Personal Protective Equipment 20. Motor Transportation 21. Industrial Health Engineering 22. Industrial Poisons 23. Medical Services and Table Chemical Hazards ^ 24. Safety Organization and Trainj,, 25. Accident Records 8 26. The Safety Man's Resources Sound slidetllms are widely used visual aids in safety training. work, perhaps including the plant's score of accident-free days. Easels and flipcharts are helpful in conducting meetings. Example of this type of material are the Na tional Safety Council's Safetygraphs, each dealing with a specific safety topic designed for use by foremen and others in holding meetings with small groups. Safetygraphs are collections of drawings, cartoons, charts and other illustrations printed on heavy paper and spiral-bound in a folder that opens to form an easel. With the large illustration facing the audi ence, the instructor discusses the subject portrayed, using his own words or reading the suggested talk on the back of the illustration facing the audience. Safety instruction cards, covering safe methods of practically every type of industrial operation, as well as seasonal and off-the-job subjects, are issued to employees as part of their job instruction. Often they are placed near the bench or machine to serve as reminders of precautions to be observed on the job. While the messages on most in struction cards are rather long to serve as posters, some companies make enlarged photostats of the cards and mount them on bulletin boards. Employee publications furnish an excellent medium for the safety mes sage. These publications range from simple mimeographed bulletins to elaborately printed and illustrated magazines. Illustrated safety stories are regular features in some publi cations. Most publications carry news of employee and company activities but some are strictly safety bulletins for employees, supervisors, and spe cial groups. Publications The National Safety Council's Ac cident Prevention Manual for Indus trial Operations, which heads the bibliography for practically every section in this issue, is an illustrated, cloth-bound volume of more than 800 pages. It contains the essentials of a complete program of accident prevention and occupational hygiene. Each major section of the Manual is available as a separate paperbound reprint. These 26 pamphlets are intended for wider distribution of specialized material. They replace many of the older Safe Practices Pamphlets which have been dis continued. Titles of section reprints are: 1. Permanent Structure and Plant Layout 2. Maintenance and Maintenance Crews 3. Boilers 4. Pressure Vessels 5. Refrigerating Equipment 6. Principles of Guarding and Trans mission Guards 7. Power Presses 8. Metalworking Machinery &,,d Abrasive wheels 9. Woodworking Machinery 10. Guarding Special Equipment 11. Storage and Manual Handling of Material 12. Power Handling of Material 13. Hand and Portable Power Tools 14. Welding and Cutting National Safety News brings each month 100 or more pages of practi. cal material on industrial accident prevention, occupational hygiene fire protection, as well as news about people, products and events in the field. Sectional News Letters deal more specifically with the problems and news related to the industries they serve. Accident Facts presents the annual roundup of accident experience throughout the country, giving sum. maries, analyses, rates, charts and tables. The Safe Worker, a monthly pocket-sized publication for employ ees, has a wide circulation through out industry. Written and illustrated in a gently humorous vein, it covers general safety themes. For the transportation fields there are similar publications called The Safe Driver and The Safe Railroader, For construction workers, The Safe Builder was recently introduced. Numerous miscellaneous booklets published by the National Safety Council cover health and off-thejob subjects and are designed spe cifically for the worker. The Industrial Supervisor each month provides help for the foreman in meeting his safety and training problems, offering articles and fea tures on technical and human rela tions subjects, safety talks, how-todo-it features and the like. Other publications for foremen in clude a series of 12 pamphlets on "Safety in Foremanship," six pam phlets on "Psychology of Safety in Supervision," and volumes of sug gested five-minute talks for the foreman to use "as is" or as the pattern for his own version of each subject. Data Sheets offer concise, authori tative discussions on specific safety subjects. They, like the pamphlets, are furnished separately or as full sets in ring binders. Detail Sheets offer working draw ings for construction of temporary structures or safety devices that any workman can follow. --To page 249 246 M___ L Section 9--Safety Promotion and Training 1 FOR INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT PREVENTION , -- OPEN -- 3WITCHES - BEFORE -- ns PLACING FUSES WHEN workers go through the gate, they should find safe working conditions inside. They should feel secure against possible accidents. "Safe---they come to work: Safe--they go back home" is a fine goal for any Industrial plant. STONEHOUSE SIGNS Train your workers in safe practices. Tell them; warn them of hazards and how to guard against them on the job. Do it effec tively, economically--with Sfonehouse Accident Prevention signs. Our complete Catalog---64 pages, in full color--is yours, free on request. SIGNS/ Inc* MANUFACTURERS Sfonehouse Bldg., 9th at Larimer "Signs Since 1863 Denver 4, Colorado ACCIDENT PREVENTION 248 SIGNS IN STANDARD COLORS AND DESIGNS r fining in Safety 'from Pa9e -~iS Special releases include Accident 'ts Memos, Engineering Studies ' ^ Safer;/ Reprints covering a wide J",,ge of subjects. ' Saiety score charts, home-made or ailable in poster services, bolster nine in (^e Plant no-accident record, remind employees of the accident record. photoscripts are give-away book|ets for the workers--to teach safety -ith pictures. Actual on-the-scene photos make these training aids realistic and convincing. REFERENCES 1 Safety Promotion and Training Vational Safety Council * * Accident Prevention Manual for Indus trial Operations. Service Guide 2.1,---Occupational Safety Services. National Directory of Safety Films. Directory of Safety Posters. National Safety Mews Good Medicine for Any Plant--D. H. Tilson, Feb, 1953, p. 20. More Power to Your Words (Photog raphy i--Nona! Burch, Feb. 1953, p. 22. Color Slides Hold Their Interest--Norman Howlen, July 1952, p. 28. The Education of a Safety Man--Glenn Griffin, Jan, 1952, p. 24. Lines of Communication--Robert Clair, Jan. 1952, p. 30. Visual Aids in Safety Training--June 1953, p. 65. American Standards Assn. Industrial Accident Prevention Signs, Specifications for--Z35.1-1945. Getting Results from Audio-Visual Aids AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS can be used effectively to motivate and supple ment instruction. They should be chosen to fit in with the method of instruction to be used, the group to be instructed, and the objectives to be achieved. Audio-visual aids should serve to: 1. Formulate correct ideas. 2. Create interest. 3. Intensify impressions. 4. Broaden experience. 5. Save learning time. No matter how good an aid may be, its effectiveness will be deter mined largely by the way it is used. Audio-visual aids have the advan tage of being easily understood even by poor readers. It should be remembered that audio-visual aids are not a complete program in themselves. Here are some suggestions for their use: 1. The user must know his subject and be thoroughly familiar with the aids. --To page 250 9w<ifnnn/ af#tv News. March, 1954 Section 9--Safety Promotion and training STOPI accidents /> KEEP AIL YOUR/ MEN WORKING, READY MADE SIGNS are on the job day after day, through the years . . . sending home vital messages of safety. For over half a century READY MADE SIGNS have been a powerful influence in helping industry to reduce time killing, man-killing and profit-killing accidents. SIGN UP FOR SAFETY WITH READY MADE! Delivery is prompt on the thousands of different READY MADE stock wordings and on special signs made to SAFETY FIRST your order. All READY MADE SIGNS or* mode in accordance with the American WEAR YOUR GOGGLES fflHHNM Standard Association specifications for Industrial Accident Pre CAUTION vention Signs. ! NO SMOKING UNDE* PENALTY OF | DISMISSAL FIRE ESCAPE! THINK ACCIDtNTS ARE AVOIDABLE FOROtr THC Aim dont clean, oil, OEMIR MACHINERY WHILE IN MOTION HIGH VOLTAGE KEEP AWAY Send for our latest full color, all - inclusive catalog today/ READY MADE SIGN CO. Inc. 115 WORTH ST. NEW YORK 15, N. Y. Te/epftone: WOrth 4-3990 SIGNS11/eathertite BAKEOE/VAMEL STANDARD REGULATION SIGNS OF ALL KINDS FOR SAFETY and EFFICIENCY PRAIRIE STATE PRODUCTS CO. e. S T . ITTO 249 Section 9--Safety Promotion and Training Training in Safety --From page 249 2. The material must be introduced properly. Tell the audience what to ex pect and its significance. 3. Avoid distractions, such as noise, improper focus, etc. 4. Don't use too many devices. 5. Plan the sequence. 6. Try for exact timing and smooth handling. 7. Be sure material is pertinent, and clearly displayed. Audio-visual aids may be rented or purchased. Some may be made to order by an outside agency or within the plant. Home-made aids range in price from a few dollars to several thousand. Following are some of the aids used: 1. Charts--from 8% x 11 inches to 30 x 40 inches. 2. Models, mock-ups, demonstrations. 3. Sandpaper board. 4. Movies. 5. Slide films. 6. Recorders--wire and tape, soundscriber. for CLEAR^iojectum of NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL SOUND SLIDEFILMS USE THE NEW DuKane f*fp cSmOUiMNDn cSiLiInDcEcFuILaMa f W PROJECTORS FOR BOTH KINDS OF SLIDEFILM! AUTOMATICS A 30-50 CYCLE INAUDIBLE SIGNAL ON THE RECORD AUTOMATICALLY ADVANCES Model 14A290 also operates wI,h l/p <* THE FILM IN COMPLETE SYNCHRONIZATION WITH . ......... the record .. and MANUAL: THE PRESENT TYPE OPERATES MANUALLY FROM AN AUDIBLE SIGNAL ON THE RECORD. FILL IM . TEAR Off _________________ ____________ MAIL C0UF0H H0Wt\ DUKANE CORPORATION Setut FOR Dept, nsn-34 St. Charles, III. Q Pleas* send FREE Dttcriplivo Felder on 30-50 AUTOMATIC SOUND SLIDEFILM PROJECTOR. FREE FOLDER NAME__ TODAY! ADDRESS. DuKane CorporationCITY. Ett'd ac Optradio--1922 i--------- STATE. Safety Signs --From page 247 Signboards with change^ are available in small sifcD *W for departmental use anV'1'^ types which may be erected laS spicuous places near the trance where they can be 'a,lt \ both employees and the pub]^n These boards may be u lc' brief safety messages and f ^ cording the plant's record accident days. Awards and Incentives Group and individual awards < safety accomplishments have \ ^ widely used. For plants and den''"' ments, plaques, trophies and ba^" are often presented. For individ,,^ automatic pencils, wallets, key ri and lapel buttons are among tf popular items. e These awards are available jn variety of stock designs. Distinctive ones can be made to order. What Price Accidents? Following is a table of time charges used in reporting accident experiences to the National Safety Council for contest and record pur poses. This table conforms to the definitions specified in the American Standard Method of Compiling In dustrial Injuries Z 16.1: Fatality--6,000 days Arm Any point above* elbow, including shoulder joint--4,500 days. Any point above wrist and at or below elbow--3,600 days. Hand At or below wrist and above prox imal joints of fingers--3,000 days. Thumb At or below (toward tip) proximal joint, and above distal joint600 days. At or below distal joint--300 days. Leg Any point above* knee--4,300 days. Any point above ankle and at or below knee--3,000 days. Foot At ankle and above* proximal joint of toes--2,400 days. Great Toe Above distal joint up to and in cluding proximal joint--300 days. At or below distal joint--150 days. Two great toes--600 days. The term "above" when applied to arm, hand or fingers means "toward shoulder;" when applied to leg, foot or toes means "toward hip." 250 National Safely Newt, March, f954 I A plumber was needed in a hurry A baby was about to be born A house was on fire fust a few of the emergency calls handled recently by one telephone central office. The Spirit of Service Calls like these are familiar to telephone people everywhere. We know them well. What they say so plainly is that our work lies at the very heart of life. We are in the thick of it. Anjl the way we act matters. For day in and day out, minute by minute, we are serving the needs of the people. Our entire business -- everything about it--exists in order that we may render service. Out of this experience comes a certain attitude of telephone people that is one of our most precious assets. It is The Spirit of Service. It begins with a sense of respon sibility and shows itseii in a sort of combination of knowing-how and wanting-to-do. We know that without it there would still be telephone service of a sort. But it wouldn't be the same. And we wouldn't be the same peo ple either. For the spirit that brings the most to the job, likewise returns the most to the people who give it. Much has been done. But tele phone men and women know that all that the years have brought is but the beginning. Our opportunities for Service open wide before us. BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM Local to serve the community. Nationwide to serve the nation. Section 9-Safety Promotion and Training 7(fo>deC '4 ^artqe&teMd 0?ow*ta4t --TKjutttfcietwi&u o SAFETY EMBLEMS SERVICE EMBLEMS PLAQUES TROPHIES and incentive Awards GC-3 PLAQUE . . . Beautiful twotone jewelers bronze etching mounted on a genuine walnut shield. 7W x 7W' --$6.50 1933 SERIES . . . 1V4" diameter hard glazed enamel, heavily gold plated pin and safety lock catch. $i0.50 doz. (plus Fed. Tax) NEWI Industrial Awards Catalog will soon bo off tfie press. Reserve your copy NOWf CLARENCE WILLIAMS WILLIAMS JEWELRY & MFG. GO. Silversmiths Bldg., 10 S. Wabash Avs. Phons: CEntral 6-5018 Chicago 3, 111. KEEP SAFETY OUT IN FRONT GET DAV-SON "TELL-ALL" PLANT SAFETY BOARDS Dav-Sori Bulletin Boards are especially designed to get the maximum attention for your messages. Oav-Son equipped plants everywhere are maintaining envious safety records. Write for circular describing the many styles available. DAV-SON CORK BACK BULLETIN BOARD for Insido or Outdoor Use Wood or Metal Frame* Glass Enclosed or Open Real Cork Mounting Surface Illuminated or Non-MIuminated Many Sixes. Low Cost. We are manufacturers of bulle tin boards for every purpose. Changeable fetter directories, production control and sales bul letin boards, cork back boards, and special display boards of all types. CONSULT US DAV-SON "The Safety Director" Flashing Color, Change able Letter Display for Timely Safety Messages. The most effective safety bulletin made. Write for special circular. Dept. NSN ,, SyBoM3&35>Iira & 8EUai2KBo m !0SmSm --in - --.... ---- tSTABLISHtn 1992 -- -- if 311 N. DESPLAINES ST., CHICAGO 6, ILL. MANUFACTURERS OF BULLETIN BOARDS FOR EVERY NEED Each toe other than complete--150 day" less than complete,. One Eye * < Loss of sight--1,80ft . One Ear Loss of hearing-eoo d=; Both Ears ay Loss of hearing--3,000 a More Than One Finger nf o Hand V Two fingers--750 days. Three fingers--1,200 dav Four fingers--1,800 days Thumb and one finger--.1 Thumb and two a ^ days. Thumb and three days. Thumb and days. Finger, Except Thumb At or above middle joint, u and including proximal'i* 1 300 days. J1 At or above distal joint, up t0. not including middle jointdays. Below distal joint, provided W is damaged--75 days. Tip, without either traumatic or surgical bone involvement--Ac. tual days of disability if any. ' Permanent Total Disability I 3.3.2. The loss of,, or the complete I loss of use of, any of the following in one accident shall be considered permanent total disability (a) Both eyes; (b) One eye and one hand, or arm, or leg, or foot; (c) Any two of the following not on the same limb: Hand, arm, foot, or leg. Temporary Total Disability 3.4.1. An injury which does not result in death or permanent im pairment shall be classified as a tem porary total disability if the injured person, because of his injury, is un able to perform a regularly estab lished job, which is open and avail able to him, during the entire time interval corresponding to the hours of his regular shift on any one or more days (including Sundays, days off, or plant shutdowns) subsequent to the date of injury. Temporary Partial Disability 3.4.2. A regularly established job is one which has not been estab lished especially to accommodate the injured employee, either for thera peutic reasons or to avoid counting the case as a temporary total dis ability. If the injured person is re turned to a regular established job other than his own, the injury shall be classified as a temporary partial disability. See 3.5, Page 7, Z-16.1 Bulletin. 252 National Safety News. March. 1954 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY SERVICES Admutufftafiv^ Pul)(Mb PAGES N-3 THROUGH N-!^ Qup&tvtitf, teng PAGES N-15 THROUGH N-21 Employee fciwj PAGES N-22 THROUGH N-4! PAGES N-49 AND N-50 OFFICERS & COMMITTEE MEMBERS who are guiding the industrial publications program during 1953-54 are: VICE-PRESIDENT FOR INDUSTRY AND CHAIRMAN, INDUSTRIAL CONFERENCE E. C. McFADDENr Texas Employers insuance Assn. VICE-PRESIDENT FOR MEMBERSHIP ROBERT ROSS, Ford Motor Company VICE-CHAIRMAN, INDUSTRIAL CONFERENCE H. J. SPOERER, The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company Audio-Visual Aids Committee Chairman--W. H. ROBERTS, Chicago North Western Railway System Vice-Chairman--M.F. BIANCARDI, Allis-Chalmers Mfg.Co. A. J. DITTMER, Gutman & Company T. R. DONOGHUE, Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. CARL J. PETERSON, Chrysler Corporation R. C. SABENS, New Yorlt, Chicago St. Louis Railroad Co. H. S. SIMPSON, Caterpillar Tractor Co. Off-the-Job Safety Committee Chairman--0. E. MUMFORD, New York Central System Vice-Chairman--R. P. HAMILTON, St. Louis-San Francisco Railway Company R. M. BOYLES, Midwest Rubber Reclaiming Co. R^ H. FERGUSON, Republic Steel Corp. HAROLD LILLIE, Lansing Safety Council ERNA MAYRER, R. N., E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co., Inc. J. S. QUEENER, E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co., Inc. C. H. WEISER, Southwestern Bell Telephone Co. Publications Committee Chairman--FLOYD E. FRAZIER, National Association of Mutual Casualty Companies Vice-Chairman--GEORGE NEURNBERGER, A. B. Dick Co. FRANK BARNAKO, Bethlehem Steel Co. THOMAS R. DONOGHUE, Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. WILLIAM B. FOLGER, The State Insurance Fund G. S. MANSFIELD, Western Printing Lithographing Co. RALPH R. MEIGS, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co. C. P. McBRIDE, Pabst Brewing Co. M. C. M. POLLARD, National Gypsum Co. S. M. MacCUTCHEON, Dow Chemical Co. H. W. RICHARDSON, Construction Methods Equipment GEORGE H. STEEL, Ralston Purina Co. A. F. TYRA, Union Carbide Carbon Corp. STANLEY WRIGHT, Inland Mfg. Div., General MotorsCorp. /Idwiituftctfive Puifeaftbw Keep the management group in back of your Safety with a regular flow of timely, pertinent safety information that whets their interest in accident preflsntion. The technical and administrative materials shown on the following nine pages are "bread and butter publica tions" to the industrial safetyman--but many of them are also ideal for winning the active support and participation of various levels of management. Check over the names in your management group (including branch plants) and order the publications for each key person that will keep him in back of your safety program. put NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS at the top of your list Thirty-thousand management personnel receive this magazine each month, ft is the best, single source of up-to-date information on safety engineering and program developments. It fea tures from 100 to 200 pages of stimulating, informative articles written by experts in the field; factual data on accident hazards and prob lems; safety success stories; industrial hygiene and health information; news about people, products and events. By keeping key executives advised as to what others are doing about safety, NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS paves the way for engineer ing and program improvements in your own organization. Arrange for a personal subscription for the people most directly concerned with determining safety policies and activities. Also plan your lists of other executives and supervisors to whom copies should be routed each month. Last, plan your supply of the magazine so that you will have copies to route to key people when articles of special interest to them appear. Section 4--Personal Protection Self-Prescribed Glasses, A Safety Problem By FRANKLIN M. FOOTE Incorrect "correction" through over-the-counter glasses may injure eyesight and create a hazard on the job THROUGHOUT industry there is general recognition of the fact But no thinking person will come up with this answer: "By testing that good vision is a prime requisite my own eyes." Yet, 42 of our states for a good safety program. A work still permit a man to diagnose and er's sight must be adequate to handle prescribe for his own, visual de all phases of his job. This may take ficiencies. And some manufacturers in many situations of which a worker provide equipment for these self might not always be aware. Think, for example, of the crane doctors. Even in the name of "safety," this operator whose vision has been cor condition exists. It is possible, today, rected to the extent that he sees, quite sharply, all the controls he to purchase welding, or "safety," helmets with magnifying lenses of must manipulate. But his vision is varying powers. Magnification is not equally sharp at the distance one form of correction, and one that where his hook or tongs pick up the has limited application. A magnify material. This man could be a men ing lens that will sharpen an image ace to himself and to his fellow at one point will blur it at another. workers. A machinist with vision corrected Only six states have recognized the insidious danger in this practice to cope with the finest micrometer of self-prescribing of corrective or vernier caliper readings, but not spectacles. They are Maine, Massa for arm-length operations, is work chusetts, Minnesota, Kansas, New ing under a handicap. And it's the York and Rhode Island. The law type of handicap that might well makers of these states have realized lead to a tragedy that would put him that over-the-counter sale of lenses into the class of workers known as intended to "correct" a person's "handicapped." vision may lead to accidents. Too, It doesn't have to be emphasized they have realized that improperly that a truck driver with faulty depth prescribed glasses can lead to phys perception or limited field of vision iological disturbances the self-doctor is a menace not only to himself but may not attribute to the glasses. also to others on the highway. Above all, these ready-made cor These considerations deal with rective spectacles may conceal for personal safety. There is a purely months symptoms of a condition that materialistic element, too. If the will eventually lead to blindness, truck driver is hurt in an accident, may keep a person away from treat his valuable truck will suffer costly ment of a progressive sight-destroy damage. The machinist or tool ing disease until it is too late. maker who has a sight-caused mis hap may ruin a valuable part or die component, and the crane operator The Safety Man's Stake may pick up--and drop--a valuable product ready for shipment to an impatient customer. The instances considered so far point up some of the potential haz ards from lack of proper visual correction. If we ask ourselves: "How does one obtain proper correction?" there might be any number of answers. Safety engineers, and all others who share the responsibility for the safety and well-being of workers, have a vital stake in legislative action to prevent self-prescribing of sight-correction devices. All their programs and all their plans can be thrown out of line by the worker with improper corrective spectacles. The fact that six states have regu lations forbidding over-the-counter Dr. Franklin M. Foote is Executive Director, National Association for the Prevention of Blindness, New York. sale of eyeglasses in retail stores-- where most of them are sold--does not necessarily indicate a trend toward protective legislation of sort. Rather, the trend might be considered as edging toward other direction. Only last year the "Brady was beaten in the New York S Legislature. This bill would ha knocked out the law forbid over-the-counter sale of eorrecti spectacles.' In 1952, *the forces behind sort of sale were able to have writ ten into the New Jersey la regulating ophthalmic dispensers aj| exemption permitting the sale qJ "ready-made glasses or spectacle with simple magnification only where sold as merchandise at established places of business." The magnification may appear simple, but use of such spectacles can produce com plicated safety problems. Earlier, in both Louisiana and Virginia, amendments to control legislation were pushed through that weakened or destroyed much of the protective value of their laws. Protecting the Public All states and the District of Columbia have laws governing the practice of eye care. These came about with the growth, early in the century, of the profession of optome try. Prior to that, professional eye care was, by and large, in the legal province of physicians, particularly those who had specialized in this field--ophthalmologists or oculists. As optometrists grew in number and raised their educational standards, laws were necessary to regulate their practices just as there were laws covering physicians. These laws were enacted to pro tect the people. The governing bodies of the states saw the danger inherent in allowing totally un skilled practitioners to prescribe for patients with visual deficiencies. In every instance these laws would forbid you to prescribe lenses for another human being--even a mem ber of your own family. But in all save six states, tacitly or specifically, you are allowed to prescribe for yourself. These states have, in actuality, created a paradox. They have set up laws to forbid John Doe, Citizen, from prescribing for Richard Roe, Citizen. This has been done pre sumably to protect Richard. ./John is, they say in effect, not qualified to prescribe for Richard. But John is allowed to prescribe for John, and Richard is not considered worthy of protection from the hazards which John's incorrect "correction" may present. ns National Safetv Nmw* Mnr+h TOC/f