Document 4vE06yoYKXNwa92QVvdG8KGxG

SAFETY NEWS SEPTEMBER PUBLISHED IN TWO PARTS--PART 1 1932 / Z 5". S 4^ I To Learn New Operating Economies Front interesting talks and discussions you will learn how other organiza tions are cutting operating costs through education, engineering and en forcement of safe practices. You can meet fellow operators of your own and other industries and exchange experiences on mutnai safety and pro duction problems. To Increase the Efficiency of Your Workers You can examine the most modern equipment and appliances designed to increase efficiency through protection. You can bring your specific protec tion problems to the very source of solution, as the leading manufacturers of these products will he there to give you the benefit of their knowledge. To Gain Knowledge on Industrial Health Measures With the average wage loss through absenteeism due to sickness at $28.00 per person per year, you should know how to curb this tremendous expense in your own company. Industrial health and first aid authorities wilt dis cuss practical information which you can apply in your own plant. To Increase Your Value to Your Organization You will again be inspired to tackle your job with renewed enthusiasm. You will be able to put into practice many sound experiments of other com panies. You will be better equipped to carry on a result-getting safety and health program. You will broaden your understanding of management and labor welfare problems. You cannot afford to miss the 21st Annual Safety Congress and Exposition at Washington, October 3-7. Write for reduced railroad fare certificates. a E" --tested under actual working conditions. There is no trade requiring eye protection where LJ50 has not been >">s. h` op tested"under actual working conditions; no hazardous op eration in any production process which has not tried and found advantages in this light weight, comfortable safety goggle that work men like and wear religiously. LJ50 may appeal to a locomotive fireman be cause of the snug face contact which keeps out flying cinders; to a steel billet chipper because of its light weight for comfortable long-period wearing; to a machine shop me chanic because he obtains full, dear, undis torted vision without eye-strain or headache through Willson Super-tough lenses. Workmen in many trades prefer LJ50 for various reasons. Workmen in all trades obtain full advantage of the unusual features built in this Willson all-purpose goggle to meet spe cific requirements of certain trades. If you are not familiar with the LJ50, order a pair or two from the Willson distributor near you--we will be glad to tell you where he is located. A trial will prove the following claims to be true: Wide Undhtortcd Virion .., thru 50 mm.(2"diameter) Willson Super-tough lenses Cushioned Comfort ... shallow cups edgedwith Willson sweat-proof padding Anatomically Shaped ... to conform to the bone structure of the face Well Ventilated ... to prevent fogging lenses at most any job Light Weight ... yet strong enough to withstand unusual impact Economical ... all parts easily replaceable. Price: $1.65 each, f.o.b. shipping point Willson also manufactures a complete line ef composition cup and spectacle type goggles, welding masks and respirators. "There's a Willson goggle and respirator for every need " WILLSON PRODUCTS, In<,, ReadinG/JPa, iiiii The NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS fa published monthly by the National Safety Council* 20 North Waefcer Drive, Chicago, HL Yearly subscription Price, $4.00. Volume Number 3, Entered m second class matter June 1, 1021, at the postoffice at Chicago, lil., under the Act of March 3, 1870. SEPTEMBER, 1932 General Electric Company is representative of the leading in dustries who today insist upon eye protection as a mmms of eliminat ing waste* The picture shows American Optical Eye Protection in a General Electric Grinding Room A m e r 1 c a ij ?438 --------------- --------- Duratite-"50" Goggles NATIONAL SAFETY a picture like THIS. EVERY workman's eyes are protected with efficient Safety goggles--the most effective. step any company can take to eliminate eye in juries. You can't forget the facts--300,000 eye injuries annually cost industry $50,000,000. Put your 1932 Safety Program in line with good management. There's no money to waste on accidents. Yet it's no time to be penny wise and pound foolish---be sure your eye protection is adequate--modern goggles, in good repair. A small initial investment in Eye Protection pro duces large savings--"We spent $300 for goggles, saved $30,000 in compensationsays a machine tool industry'. These goggles are Duralite-"50's* In this division of the General Electric plant at Fort Wayne, Indiana, each man's eyes are thoroughly pro tected by Duraiite-"50" Goggles. Wherever these goggles are provided men tike them. They are cool and comfortable: do not fog and do not cause goggle headache. 1 You and your men, who know good machine work, who appreciate a welt-made tool, for instance, will sense the superior qual ity of Duratite-"S9". See how easily Durallte-"50" goggles can be obtained through the AO Branches listed below. ` Patented) Optical Company SoUTHBRI0 GE, M A S S A H U SETTS SAFETY ALTOONA AMARILLO ATLANTA BALTIMORE Birmingham BOSTON buffalo butte CHICAGO CHATTANOOGA BRANCHES CINCINNATI CLARKSBURG CLEVELAND COLUMBUS DALLAS DAVENPORT DRS MOINES DETROIT DENVER DUBUQUE ENID, Gfcla. ERIE, Pa. EVANSVILLE FORT DODGE HARTFORD HOUSTON HUTCHINSON INDIANAPOLIS IOWA CITY KANSAS CITY LINCOLN LOS ANGELES PTEMBER, 19J2 LOUISVILLE MASON CITY MEMPHIS MILWAUKEE MOBILE MUSKOGEE NASHVILLE NEW HAVEN NEW ORLEANS NEW YORK OKLAHOMA CITY OMAHA PHILADELPHIA PITTSBURGH PORTLAND, Or*. PROVIDENCE RICHMOND SAUNA SAN ANTONIO SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE SHREVEPORT SIOUX CITY SPOKANE SPRINGFIELD, Mass SPRINGFIELD, Mo. ST, JOSEPH sr, louis ST. PAUL SYRACUSE TERRE HAUTE TOPEKA TULSA WICHITA WICHITA FALLS YOUNGSTOWN WARDMAN PARK HOTEL i ;! extends a most cordial welcome to the ij | members and friends of the NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL WARDMAN PARK HOTEL (Washington1! largest Hotel! Headquarters for the 21st Annual Safety Congress and Exposition October 3-7, 1932 Although only ten minutes from the White House, this magnifi cent establishment located on the outskirts of the city, surrounded by acres of private wooded land, possesses all of the best features of city and country, with none of the disadvantages of either urban or rural environment. Ward man Park Hotel feels highly honored at being selected as the headquarters for the 1932 Congress of the National Safety Council, and the Management assures the Officers and Delegates of a sincere welcome and every cooperation. NATIONAL SAFETY NEW A SAFETY ANNOUNCEMENT OF UNUSUAL I HE INTERNATIONAL SHOE COMPANY now manufactures a complete line of Safety Shoes--a fact of significant im portance to buyers of this type of footwear. The International Shoe Company owns and operates 5 sole leather tanneries and 9 upper leather tanneries devoted exclusively to the production of the high-grade leathers that go into International Shoes, It produces its own rubber heels and composition soles in a special plant producing as high as 135,000 pairs of heels and 35,000 pairs of soles a day. Its own cotton mill, which makes the fabric linings for International Shoes, has a capacity of seven million yards per year. In forty-four specialty shoe plants, each making one particular type or grade, international Shoes are built to definite, unvarying standards of quality. Fifty-nine aux iliary plants producing welting, dyes, chemicals, boxes, cartons, etc., supply the supplementary materials required for the manufacture and marketing of shoes. Now, from this organization comes the newline---Hy-Test Safety Shoes. Shoes specially designed and better fitted to the requirements of real safety. Obviously the quality is higher. Naturally the price is lower. Regardless of the safety requirements involved, every Safety Director will find real interest in this new line of Safety Shoes. Without any obligation to you, we will gladly for ward more complete details on request. Samples will be sent to responsible parties. Just address as below. FEATURES Mortals for every safely requirement, in cluding a special shoo for Electricians. No metal is used in this shoe and the soles are heavily insulated. Hy-Test Safety Shoes are available with either steel or special composition box toes. The composition box toe is non-ex plosive. Its strength is unaffected by water, steam, oil, perspiration, etc. it is a non-conductor of electricity. Hy-Test Safety Shoes are built over lasts that are comfortable and give per fect foot freedom. Special tannage provides a higher degree of resistance to moisture, acids and heat. Hy-Test Safety Shoes are made of the very highest quality materials throughout --priced below the average only be cause of the resources and facilities of the organization behind them. All models carried In-Stock for immediate shipment. The complete line of Hy-Test Safety Shoes will be on display at the National Safety Congress, Oct, 3rd to Oct. 7th, Booth 38, Wardman-fark Hotel, Washington, Q, C, DESIGNED AND MANUFACTURED EXCLUSIVELY BY INTERNATIONAL SHOE COMPANY ST. LOUIS, MO. SEPTEMBER, 1932 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF ACCIDENT PREVENTION AND THE HEALTH OF INDUSTRIAL WORKERS SEPTEMBER, 1932 'O VOL. XXVI, No. 3 Leading Articles The Army Enlists in the Safety Movement--I, I', Scott............................... II (`odes Aid Control of Dust Explosions-- David ./, Price........... 14 How AR-JICO Trains Men--Charles H. Murray..... .......................................... 17 What Do We Mean by "Accident Prone"?--Carl 3. And........................... ID Have We Forgotten the "Three C V?--Benjamin 0. Eynan....................... 21 Giving the Rum Pedestrian a Break--Stanley Omns.............. .................... 22 Building Safety Into the Machine--G. M. Briggs........................................... 24 How Accidents Affect Taxpayers--A. M. Northrup, M. D........................... 28 Helping the Foreman to Help Himself--Marion It'. Smith........................... 30 The Safety Spirit of `22--Illustrated Congress Section................................ 33 The Plant Physician's Big Job--Loyal A. Skmtdtj. M. 1)....... ....... .............. . 42 Delinquency or Disease?--Mels A. Xdsm, M. D..... ......................................... 46 Health Topics at the Congress........................................................................-- 6*2 irritate Them If Ton Want Their Attention--A. Curil Daldif................... 66 Regular Departments Kditorial ............................................... 9 The Managing Director's Page......... ,.,.10 The Bulletin Board............................... .....48 The Safety Exchange............................. -.50 Industrial Health ................. 138 The Accident Barometer.__........64 Personals ......................'............................. 08 The Safety .Library.............................. 70 The Honor Roll..................... .81 Coming Events ........................ ............ ... 82 With the Manufacturer......................... 84 The Buyers' Service........................... 88 Cabman T. Fish, Editor G. M. Briggs, Associate Editor Stanley H. Kebshaw, Poster Editor C. H. Miller, Advertising Manager Copyright 1932 by National Safety Council, Inc. Printed In U, 8. A. Published monthly. Entered as second-class matter June I, 1921, at the Post Office at Chicago, HI,, under the act of March J, 1979. The subscription price to members for extra copies of the NATIONAL, SAFETY NBJW3 Is *4.00 per year. Single copies, 40 cents. Reduced quantity prices for yearly subscriptions and single copies on request. Subecdptions are available only to members of the National Safety CounclL Member Audit Bureau of Circulation. This magasine Is indexed in the Industrial Arts Index. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL INCORPORATED (Cooperative--Non-Commercial--Non-PoUtlcal--Non-Sectarian) 20 North Waeker Drive, Chicago, U. S. A. New York Office, 9 East 41st Street j Office of the Education Division, 1 Park Ave., New York City 6 National Safety Council Officers, 1931-1932 Carl W, Bargquist, President J. I. Banash, VIcp-President for Finance J. , Culliney, Vice-President for Engineering EdSwaaferdty Dana, Vice-President for Public Howard 8. Fonda, Vice-President for Wrahlp ft. T, Helimuth, Vice-President for Business Administration John E, Long, Vice-President for Safety Councils ArSthaufertyM. Tode, Vice-President for Industrial Albert W, Whitney, Vice-President for Edu cation Dr. 0,-E. A. Winslow, Vice-President for Health Will Cooper, Treasurer W. H, Cameron, Managing Director and Sec retary Executive Committee Members at Large J. I, Banath, Consulting Engineer Ernest W. Seek, United States Bobber Co. Carl W. Bergqaist, Western Electric Co. W, 3. Cameron E. I. Catlifi, Aetna Life Insurance Co, Charles L. Close, United States Steel Corp. Will Cooper, The Sterens Hotel J. E. CttUiaey, Bethlehem Steel Corp. Edward Dana, Boston Elevated Railway Co. Howard B. Fonda, Burroughs Wellcome 4 Co. IU.8.A4 Inc. Harry Gailbort, The Pullman Co. ft, T, Helimuth, Chicago North Shore A Mil waukee Railroad Co. Frank J, Lanahan, Fort Pitt Malleable Iroa Co. John , Long, The Delaware St Hudson Rail road Corp. George E. Sanford, General Electric Co. Isaos A. Scott, Superintendent of Schools, Springfield, Mass. Lottes B, Seymour, United Air Lines Arthur M. Tods, Consulting Engineer. Dr, Cassias H, Watson, American Telephone & Telegraph Co., Hew York City Albert W. Whitney, National Bureau of Casualty A Surety Underwriter! Dr. Cv2. A. Winslow, Tale Medical School Representing Safety Councils K. S, Ackerman, Lehigh Valley William F. Ardern, Milwaukee ft, E. Cross, Mason City, la. H. W. Lormor, Cleveland Ernest L, Simenda, Hew Haven John H. Taylor, Birmingham Merle E. Towner, Baltimore Representing Sections ft. A, Doeiler, Public Utilities Frank A. Leuerman, Metal* Dr. M. ft. Lloyd, ASSE-Eugineeriag John Bussell, Jr,, Construction John S. Shaw, Chemical Vinenot Wakefield, Refrigeration Georgs 3. Warfel, Steam Railroad Past Presidents Robert W. Campbell Arthar T. Morey Lew R. Palmer Darid Van Sohaack* Ralph O, Richards* Charles P. Tolman Arthur H. Toting Marcus A, Sow Carl B, Auel Charles B, Scott Walter ft. Sing Homer 1. Hiees* Lieut..Col. Henry A, Benlsger O. Eugene Fettiboae *Deeeased `TABLOID'' FIRST-AID PRODUCTS! *- * BACK. TO WO R K AG AIN =c o.mm V . p i '% sir'" ~ *mO Increased Activity Means Increased Hazards Even though the optimistic hopes for an up ward turn in business activity are not entirely realized, the return from vacation and the sea sonal increase in business activity are certain to call for the protection of 'TABLOID' -- FIRST-AID * NO ,744) Measurements: I3& xlZxlft in. STANDARD UST OF CONTENTS TRADE MARK `TABLOID'-- FIRST-AID In times like these every smallest item of con servation is important--and the elimination of possible serious results from minor casualties is well worth consideration. In protecting your forces you likewise protect your interest. ox. Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia 1--2 o. Tincture of Ilo- dine (half strength) --2 oz. Boric Add Soiutton H%) --2 ox, Castor Oil 4"~'T*blold* Pleated Compressed Band ages, 1 in. x 6 yd. 4--'Tabloid* PIleated Compressed Banda__g_e_s_, _2_V_%.tao..xx 6_y.d. (-""'Taabiloid** Pleated Compressed Band ages. 3 in. * 6 yd, 1--Spool Zinc Oxide Adhesive Plaster, 1 io. x5yd. 1--Package of 6 Wood en Tongue Depress- list Price . 1--Package of 6 Wood- ea Applicators, wound with Cotton 3--2 ox. Tubes of Petro latum and Bicarbo nate of Soda (31b) l--'Tourniquet 1--Package of 6 Splints 1--Glass Tube, contain ing 3 Camel-Hair Brushes T-Triangular Bandage 3--`Tabloid'Cotn pressed AbsorbentCotton (H oz.) 3--'Tabloid ' Pleated Compressed Absorb ent Gauze, I yd. Thu..m...bj Forceps Pair of Scissors --^twrof' Safeettyy-Pins Glass < $14.00 Subject Trad* Discounts BURROUGHS WELLCOME & CO. (U.5.A.) Inc 9 & 11 East Forty-first Street, NEW YORK CITY Associated Houses: London (Eng.) Montreal Sydney Cape Town Bombay SHANGHAI Buenos Aires Milan "Keep your 'Tabloid' FirstAid complete by maintaining a reserve supply of refills." Please send me B W, 8c CO. booklet "SHIELD FROM DANGER" SEPTEMBER, 1932 Individual's Name.............................................. Official Capacity................................................. ........ tLut^t proves THAT LO F SAFETY GLASS PROTECTS YOU src-tt** Vila Wt ust homwiar to draw this dramatic contrast be tween regularplateglassadd Libbey-Oweat- FordSafety Glass. W hen we hit that Safety Glass windshield, the young lady watched with interest, quite unconcerned ahoathersafety...forshe knew she was safe. Nothing naj*pened but a cobweb of fine lines about the point of Impart. But when we hit the other windshield . . . well, you can see the great, gaping hole from which razor-edged daggers flew In all directions, showering the car with sharp fragments. Libbey*Owens*Ford is conducting these tests and telling about them through national advertising to Impress upon the public the fact that Safety Glass is essential in modem motor cars. No one who reads this page can doubt its protective value. No one who gives the matter one moment's dear, unbiased consideration, can deny that it is thought less, even reckless, to drive a car without it. Most automobile manufacturers are lending their sincere cooperation in this search for greater safety. Many offer Safety Glass absolutelyfree as standard equip ment. Almost all the rest make it available option ally. If everyone concerned with public safety actively endorses and supports the wider use of Safety Glass, it will not be long before the hazard of broken, flying glass is removed from the highways. WARNING <,oc*n'* Py *ke f f /U\l , IK K Xw chance when statistics prove that 43$ of the motorists injured in automobile acci dents are cut by broken glass. Be Safe behind Libbey Owens-Ford Safety Glass in your new car. It is used by Packard, Graham, Studebaker, Franklin, Reo, Willvs, Willys-Knight,Ford,Cadillac,LaSalle, Lincolnand Nash. Libbey* Owens Ford SAFETY GLASS' LIBBEY OWENS FORD GLASS COMPANY, TOLEDO, O., auiurfacmren of Hlffeost aallty Flat Drawn Window Ottw, Pojitbed Plate GIsm amt Safety Glacct also distributer* afFIgitrod aad Wire Gtaae sBanofacturedbr tbe B!se Ridge GUu orp, ofEingapart, Tens*. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 9 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS PUBLISHED BY NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, INC. VOLUME XXVI SEPTEMBER, 1932 NUMBER 3 A Professor's Views the stage. Like many .'mother quality, pessimism can lie cither a virtue or a vice, Recently it has been a vice. ORE than two thousand yours ago Plato described But the pessmism that prevents borrowing too heavily on M the ideal state in his immortal " Republic." In the future, that rakes the necessary precautions against the siicecedin# centuries we have built up a highly com physical and financial mishaps, should not be forgotten plex civilization, magnificent but ruthless, yet we seem in the years to eome. to have made little progress toward the ideal of a well ordered state. Human passions and weaknesses have Sn This Issue blocked every attempt to establish a Utopia. The mass mind is a curious mixture of callousness and mawkish sentimentality. It shudders at the guillotine of revolutionary Prance, but refuses to get excited about this year's accident toil. The most vicious criminal on trial for his life is the object of something akin to hero worship. Apparently blood shocks the public only when shed according to judicial processes. But our accident toll does shock the thoughtful. In an Interview published in the Chicago Tribune, Pro fessor Paul Shorey of the University of Chicago ex pressed indignation at the state of affairs which per mitted such a toll of casualties. The venerable professor DECORATION for valor has long been a military cus tom. Xow several units of the United States Army have adopted the plan of awarding medals to motor vehicle operators who operate a year without accident. This method of maintaining interest and recognizing meritorious service is proving just as helpful in reduc ing accidents in the army as it is among civilian operators. Most of us have regarded the army as being interested solely in preparation for war. but the leading article of this issue presents it in a different light. Dust explosions are an ever-present menace in many industries, but their causes and methods of control are now better understood. Dr. David J, Price, who has said in part: been a leader in research work on dust explosions for "How incredibly monstrous is the way we permit the many years, tells of the progress that has been made in killing of people in Chicago by the auto. A thousand formulating safety codes for industries which have this victims a year! Any measures to stop it would be justi- hazard. (Page 14.) iiable. It is incredibly callous, especially in contrast The American Rolling Mill Company is widely known to the reiuetanee we show to punish murderers. We for its employee training program. Charles H. Murray sentimentalize over them and yet butcher a thousand in describes the origin and development of the program nocents a year on our streets. It is the shame of Chicago. and its relation to accident prevention. (Page 15.) Plato's sense of justice and his ideal of a well ordered C. B. Auel objects to the indiscriminate use of the society would be outraged by it." term "accident prone" in referring to the employee who has more than the average number of accidents. Just Pessimism now the expression is enjoying considerable popularity PERHAPS the depression of the past three years was not due entirely to psychological causes, but there can be little doubt regarding the influence of mental faetors in aggravating its evils. In 1929 people seemed to'have forgotten the axiom that ``what goes up must eome down." That applies equally to stock and com modity prices and people's spirits. Deflation was un doubtedly needed, but the mental state of many people caused much unnecessary hardship. and there is danger of it suffering from overwork--like "carelessness." (Page 19.) Observance is better than enforcement, says Benjamin G. Eynon, one of the foremost motor vehicle adminis trators in the United States, who makes a plea for more attention to the "Three C's." (Page 21.) Some progress has been made in incorporating safety into machine design. In the second article of a series G. M. Briggs points out several examples of safety fea tures which have been developed by manufacturers. Those who had previously boasted of their profits be (Page 24.) gan to compete with each other in exchanging hard luck Industrial accidents impose a heavy burden on the stories, doom prevailed in conversation at the bridge state, which, of course, must he shouldered by the tax table, the sewing circle, the first tee and the nineteenth payers. Dr. A. M. Northrup, secretary of Labor and hole. As usual, those who had been least affected often Industry for Pennsylvania, points out how much of a wailed the loudest. Purchases were postponed. Rumors state's activities are devoted to the promotion of safer wrecked many a bank that was fundamentally sound. and more hygienic working conditions, and the ad Confidence, the basis of our commercial and industrial ministration of compensation and rehabilitation. life, was seriously weakened. It must be re-established The first edition of the Annual Congress "Program is before prosperity can return. being published as Part II of this issue of the NewIs. The pessimist was ignored in the days of easy money ; This change effected substantial savings in printing and in the lean years that followed he held the center of mailing costs. SEPTEMBER, 1932 10 THE MANAGING DIRECTOR'S PAGE 1$ The Safety Congress Really Necessary? pression not only industries but cities and schools will jettison the methods of accident prevention which have WHAT i.s the fundamental, the been developed through two decades rreat gift that industrialism has >'f painstaking work--to slip hack made to the worldThis is a triinteto the obsolete, costly, retrogressive question. S suppose, and certainly practices of the past. This is what the answer is a commonplace, it is the safety men of the nation must transportation. But ever more won fight with every ounce of their derful does modern transportation strength. become as we contemplate it. It has changed not only our costumes and our customs--it has changed us! This is why the Washington Con gress, October 11-7, will be one of the most important in the history of or The ancient civilizations were no ganized safety. We must, in a great table largely because of their roads, mass gathering, impress upon the their caravan routes, and their ship world that the safety movement is ping. The dark ages were dark be here to stay, that it has a tremendous cause the roads were destroyed, the job to do, that it knows how to do routes blocked and the shipping that job, and that it can and will abandoned. do it Now, once more, mankind moves about. And once more he has achieved that which he can call civilization. Why could not this have been done without transportation ? Because man learns from man. An idea perceived by one. is developed by a second, and perfected by a third. Instead of only three men. however, the process may require the life work of thousandswidely separated over the earth. One builds on the foundations laid by his predecessors. This fundamental is the reason that the leaders of all great movements meet together periodically. It is the reason for the Annual Safety' Con gress. Especially when a movement is young must those working for it meet as the members of a fraternal order to renew acquaintance, review expe riences, learn of accomplishments, and return home reinspired and re-edu cated. Safety is an infant among the major movements of the world. Meth ods are in the making. Today's prac tices are crude and represent the dint lock musket stage of development. Fifty years from now the principle of protection will be so well accepted that millions of accident causes will have been eliminated. Even then the work of the movement will not have been completed. There is a danger, which we must recognize, that in this period of de NEWS OF THE MONTH Hvgeia Magazine, with a popular circu lation of 40,000, gave a prominent posi tion in its August issue to an article on vacation hazards by Curtis Billings of the National Safety Council staff. An industrial corporation in Wisconsin plans to demonstrate its public interest in safety by distributing the 1933 Safety Cal endar to every Boy Scout Troop in the city in which it is located. This is a con structive way to build good-will and to teach safety to an impressionable group of developing citizens. 222 cities and 23 states reported motor vehicle fatalities for listing in the August issue of Public Safety Magazine. This is a new high record for direct accident re porting. Twelve million people residing in 47 cities are already committed to participa tion in the September Law Enforcement Month Campaign. In July, for the first time, reports on all classes of accident fatalities from states and cities having no Community Councils were included in the Council's monthly tabula tions. This is a significant beginning of a nation-wide effort to get accurate and direct reports on accident occurrence in other than industrial and motor vehicle fields. Six thousand copies of the Council's 64-page booklet. "Accident Facts--1932 edition" have been distributed to members, newspapers, magazines, libraries and other interested agencies. This complete analyti cal story of the accident situation is an outstanding accomplishment. Many organizations have ordered extra quantitie' for special uses and distribution. Do You Know Your Council? SCRYEYS have been made various times to determine whether the majority of Council members are familiar with the wide variety of services available to them. The results have been interesting. Surprising as it may seem to some of the older members and to indi viduals who have given active service on Council committees, there arc literally hundreds of members aware of only the so-called "automatic'' services. These consist of the X.\noN.lL Safety News, Sectional NewsLetters, posters and the annual Con gress Transactions. It i.s not less sur prising to find that many members know nothing of the practical uses of the consultation service. It is obvious that one <>f the real and continuing problems of the Coun cil is the education of its members in the use of the services provided. There is conclusive evidence that the plant with a superficial interest in accident prevention methods does a superficial job of accident prevention. It has been reiterated time and time again that the Council's organization functions as a clearing house for the exchange of information and ex perience. The alert member ean benefit from his affiliation in direct proportion to his understanding of this function. In February of this year a 24-page booklet, "Guide to the National Safety Council's Services'' was dis tributed to all member as Fart II of the National Safety News. This pamphlet summarized the Council's service structure and,principles--de tailed the membership classifications --gave an explanation of the use of the Council's service and also indi vidual descriptions of each of these services. Separate announcements of new services and activities have been made since then in a program to keep all the members informed of their privileges. A regular review of the "Service Guide" might suggest many ideas for the safety program. % NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS The Fifty-Second U. S. Coart Artillery (Railway) Regiment in formation at the Parade and Review held for the presentation of tfo-Accident Driver A wards to ten drivers of the First Motor Repair Section at Fort Hancock. Inset: Colonel J. C. Johnson, Commandant of Sandy Hook Harbor Defenses, congratulates private Howard Johnson of Rochester, N. Y, upon his Award. Captain W. C Thee assisting. The Army Enlists in the Safety Movement By j. v. scon HE urbanized safety movement rhe care and operation of motor ve of the service. The attitude of the Thas the appreciation and active hicles." support of the United States It. is gratifying to the National Army. This interest is .shown by thSeafety Council to have the active co Army leaders toward safety and the recognition of no-accident drivers was summed up by Colonel A. S. Cowan, participation of Army transportation operation of various fleet units of the Commanding Officer at Fort Mon units in the national fleet safety pro Army, and the participation of motor mouth at the decoration there, July gram of the Delivery, Taxicab and transport officers in the Council's fleet 26, of eight drivers. He said: Bus flection of the National Safety Council. The attention of commanders of motorized units at all posts and sta tions has been directed to the Coun cil's program by the office of the Quartermaster General and a number of units have become members of the Council. According to the Army and \ravy Register, automobiles are the greatest cause, of accidental death in the service, reflecting the experience in civilian life, A low rate is en joyed, however, for according to Brigadier General A. E. Williams, Q. St. C'.. Chief of Transportation, the War Department's 6,500 motor ve hicles are ``all operated under regu lations which appear to guarantee the maximum safety." The general expresses the belief that the small number of accidents in which these vehicles are involved, and the extremely low percentage of cases in which War Department drivers are responsible, "`are the result of the Army's careful selection and training activities. It bespeaks an alert in terest in safety and a spirit of progress on the part of the com manders desiring to improve further an already excellent general record. For example, the first fleet to become a member of the Council--the First Motor Repair Section of Fort Han cock--presented 10' No - Accident Driver Awards to members of the organization who operated without accident during 1931. The presentation of No-Accident Driver Awards to drivers of three of the Army fleet members has attracted considerable interest both in and out In the army, as in civilian life, automobile accidents are the outstanding cause of acciden tal death. The prevention of these accidents is receiving in creasing attention from military * ` The National Safety Council gives to drivers who qualify with a year's driving without an accident of any description, the No-Accident Driver Award. This medal has little intrinsic value, but its significance is great. Not so many years ago, our nation was engaged in a mighty conflict that brought many deeds of heroism. Our government rewarded these deeds with little medals---the D. 8, 0., the Medal of Honor--and these were emblems without any particular cash value: nevertheless wearers of these medals were recognized as national heroes. Now this No-Accident Driver Award, which is being sought by thousands of drivers throughout the nation, indicates a different type of ability. Yet in comparison with war medals, it seems greater to me in some ways. 1 suhmit that it is far nobler to save a life than take one!" The first drivers to receive the f 'ouiicil's Award were four enlisted men of the First Motor Transport of drivers, and regulations governing authorities Company, Q. M. C.. stationed at Fort SEPTEMBER, 1932 12 The truck fleet of the Motor Transport Pool at Fort Monmouth. Jay on Governor's Island in New York City harbor. A parade and review of the 16th Infantry Regiment was held June 16, and the post commandant, Colonel W. W. McCammon, pinned the em blems on the drivers. Colin K. Cam eron. writing in the V. 8. Army Re cruiting News, gives the following in teresting comments on the presenta tion and the award winners: "Through the maelstrom of down town New York traffic--than which there is none worse--and through the helter-skelter throngs of rural roadracers, these Army drivers handled their vehicles carefully, efficiently and safely, passing through the entire cal endar year of 1931 w ithout a scratch. When it is remembered that any kind of scratch on the machine would dis qualify the driver for the Council award, and that these men were not always driving up-to-date equipment, but handling some vehicles that are veterans of the World War--trucks and ears that did their bit along the muddy roads of France and with the Army of Occupation on the Rhine--it is understood why the four men are justly proud of their emblems repre senting a combined total mileage for the year of 53,000 miles. ' ' The story gives the following interesting data on the first four Award winners who appear (from left to right) in the illustration with this article: tana, tin sixth ypiir of service and former Field Artilleryman. Handled all manner at government vehicles from motorcycles to Liberty trucks, covering 10.000 miles without a mishap. Private Harry Berman. (1321 Xeptnne Avenue, Coney Island, Xevv York. A doughboy veteran of World War now in thirteenth year of service, achieved 8,000 no-accident miles operating the Governor'.? island baggage truck from freight yards to ferry landings and from steamboat docks to storage houses. Private h>k B. Rarer, 2318 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit. In second enlistment, most of first three years being spent as motorcyclist in E'anama Canal Depart ment. Drove every type of vehicle in Gov ernor's Island motor transport fleet a total of 13,000 miles last year without an acci dent First Lieutenant Bruno W. Brooks commands the First Motor Transport f'ompany and personally supervises the safety program. Another impressive presentation eremony was conducted at Fort Han cock at Sandy Hook. New Jersey, July 15, when ten soldier chauffeurs of the First Motor Repair Section re ceived Xo-Accident Driver A wards. The First Motor Repair Section fur nishes part of the personnel for the Second I'urps Area Motor Repair Shops in time of peace and the main tenance of motor vehicles of the First Division in time of war or emergency. At a review of troops of the FiftySecond Coast Artillery Regiment (Railway) Colonel Jacob C. Johnson, Commanding Officer. Harbor Defenses of Sandy Hook, decorated the ten Award winners, who were -. Technical Sergeant Walter O. inborn, sturgia, Kv. Private Fitst Class Kdward y>. Baldwin, New Turk City. Private First Class A. A. Ludwikovvski, rtica, X. Y. Private First Class Gus Lacovitch, Fort Hancock. X. J. Private First Class Howard ft. Johnson, .Rochester, X. Y. Private First Class Karl H. Painter, Jeanette, Pa. Private John J. Roach, Chester, Pa. Private Peter Mitchell, Xewark, X. J. Private Leo A. Hughes. Keyport, Kv. Private Charles F. Wright. Paulsboro, X. J. Captain Thee, in commenting upon the presentation, praised the Coun- II Sergeant Henry A. Johnson, 847 Park Street, Butte, Montana. Now in seventh year of aervice. Frequently acts aa chauf feur for Major (renerai Dennis B. Nolan, eommander of Beeond Corps Area. Cov ered 0,000 miles without accident in the metropolitan New ^fork City area, along the highways of Now Vorkf New Jersey and Delaware, and on the island roads of Porto Rico. Private First Class Nicholas Volhert. 601 Thirtv-seventh Street, Wdodeliffe. Mon- The first four Army drivers to receive No-Accident Driver Awards beings decorated hy Colonel W. W. McCammon, commandant of Fort Jay at Parade and Review of Sixteenth U. S. Infantry. Lieutenant B. W. Brooks, commander of the First Motor Transport Company, is standing at the left. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 13 ginning toward a profitable introspec tive analysis, ask yourself five ques tions: 1. When you are rebuking a sub ordinate. do you experience a pleas ing sense of your own power, position, or judgment? The supervisor who cannot refrain from self-giorification at the expense of his subordinates is, of course, sadlylacking in one of the primary qual ities of an executive. 2. Do you aim to make the erring employee feel "small?" There is only one justifiable reason for reprimanding, and that is a con structive reason--to help the indi vidual reprimanded and, through him. to help the business. Breaking Opt* S. H. Sherrill. Executive Officer, Fort Monmouth, congratulates Sergeant Oumrke. Adjutant C. W. Clarke, steps forward with the No-Accident Driver Awards for eight drivers decorated at the parade for their perfect records. down a worker's self respect and morale can scarcely be regarded as a constructive pursuit. What the rep rimand should do is to awaken a de j eii'g policy of recognition and reward. A third presentation of No-Accident "The policy of rewarding the good Driver Awards took place at Fort ' f0[- doing good rather than punishing Monmouth, New Jersey, July 26. Em i those who have been involved in ae- blems were awarded to eight drivers. ` indents,'' he declared, "is educational Sergeant T. 0. Dumeke, Corporals and corrective and much hotter than Lawrence Jones and Samuel Rosen- i meting out punishment after the dam- steel, Privates First Class W. W. Rob age is done. ' ' faptain Thee believes, inson, Joe Harrington and M. G. Ihowever, that precaution always Durik. and Privates A. E. Crosby and should be taken through proper train- W. 6. McConnell, mg to prevent the recurrence of aeei- Colonel A. S. Cowan, Commandant ' dents. of Fort Monmouth, presented the "Conceivably there may be such a Awards at a Retreat Parade. The thing as an unavoidable traffic acci eight drivers operate trucks in the dent," the captain asserted, "but an Motor Transport Pool at Fort Mon overwhelming percentage of these mis mouth which supplies vehicles to four haps are caused solely by human care organizations there. First Lieutenant lessness or stupidity. Sometimes the R. V. Thomas, Q. M. C., is in charge fault belongs to a single individual of the tieet and personally supervises against whose recklessness the care the safety program. ful driver cannot protect himself. Frequently the blame is justly di vided between two or more. But with sire on the part of the worker to improve his conduct. 3. Do you reprimand more severe ly when you are feeling grouchy or tired? When a supervisor allows the per sonal equation to enter the rebuke he is merely engaging in an undignified controversy in which he has every thing to lose and nothing to gain. Al ways make the employee feel that ,vour criticism is a company affair, rather than a personal matter. 4. Do you hesitate to reprimand for fear it will make you disliked? Disciplining those who need such attention does not detract from the respect with which you are regarded. Perhaps you will discover that the contrary is true. We know that the boss who is an easy mark does not get maximum production. Nothing is more unfair to subordinates, particu exercise of reasonable care and ordi nary consideration and common sense all around, I dare say 999 out of A Reprimand Should Always Be Constructive larly if they are young people, than to allow them to persist in a fault in stead of attempting to correct it. every 1,000 of the so-called unavoid able accidents would never occur.' ' Captain Thee, who takes a keen in terest in the Council's activities, will appear on the program of the Twentyfirst Annual Safety Congress at Washington in October. He will ad 5. Do you tend to store up resent HE reprimand is one of the most ment over repeated infractions until Timportant implements in the ex you "boil over" and then rebuke ecutive's toolkit. It is a device insharply and in anger? constant and universal use by super The worker, feeling the injustice visors, teachers, parents, and traffic of such a policy, thinks, bitterly: policemen. Often it is used wrongly. "Why didn't he speak to me about dress the Delivery, Taxicab and Bus Properly used, the reprimand is a these things before?" The correction Section and explain the methods used constructive and powerful device in of each offense as it occurs will pre in the Army to encourage safe prac the training, control, and direction of vent explosion due to pent-up emo tices among both drivers and indus human efforts. Errors in its use fall tions. The employee who is reproved trial employees, discussing the appli into three classes: Some executives more severely than the e?fOf warrants cation of these measures to the train use it too much, some use it too little, develops a conviction that the boss i ing of workers in commercial occupa and a great many use it badly even unfair. tions. when the occasion is right. As a be- --Management Methods. SEPTEMBER, 1932 14 Codes Aid Control of Dust Explosions By DAVID i. PRICE4 * Losses from dust explosions and fires have been materially reduced by application of the preventive measures of nine safety codes 3, Pulverized Fuel Instal lations. " 4, Terminal drain Elevat ors. After an exploaon of fiour dust. Damage was confined largely to the upper floors on account of the win dow glass area which provided effec tive venting. 5, Starch Factories. t5. Coal Pneumatic Clean ing Plants. 7. Wood Flour M*nufe taring Estab lishments. S. Spice Grinding Plants. 9. Use of Inert lias for Fire and Ex plosion Prevention. NE of the principal contribu O tions in the control and pre These safety codes, which have been vention of dust explosions in instrumental in reducing losses from industrial plants has been thedudset explosions and fires, have been velopment of representative safety published by the Bureau of Labor {.odes by the Dust Explosion Hazards Statistics of the IT. S. Department of t 'ommittee of the Xational Fire Pro Labor as Bulletin -No. 582, entitled, tection Association. This committee, "Safety Codes for the Prevention of composed of representatives from the Dust Explosions.1' industries directly concerned, and from insurance and safety organiza tions, State and Federal officials, also construction and equipment engi neers, works under the leadership of the Chemical Engineering Division of the Bureau of Chemistry and Soils. The engineer in charge of the dust explosion studies in the bureau has been chairman of the Dust Explosion Hazards Committee since its origin in 1922. The committee has prepared the following safety codes, which have been adopted by the Xational Board of Fire Underwriters, and by the American Standards Association: Safety Code for Starch Factories The cooperation with the starch in dustry is a splendid example of the desire on the part of an industry where the dust explosion hazard is well recognized to develop and adopt control measures. The safety code for the prevention of dust explosions in starch factories was prepared by a subcommittee under the leadership of A. H. Nuckolls, of the Underwriters' Laboratories, Chicago, and composed of engineers from the industry itself, as well as fire insurance, State and Federal agencies. The dust explosion hazard in the starch factory exists in three distinct 1. Flour and Feed Mills. Sugar and Cocoa Pulverising. departments: (1) In the corn re ceiving and storage departments in the form of grain elevator dusts: 12) 'Principal Engineer in Charge Chemical Engineering- Division, Bureau of Chemistry and Soils. 11. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. (Abstract from addresses delivered before the Western Pennsylvania Chapter of Safety Engineers, Pittsburgh, Pa., and combined meeting of Baltimore Safety Engineers and Engineers Club, Balti more, Aid.) in the dust, arising from the milling and storage of the so-called gluten feed, and (3) in the starch dust in drying, grinding, packing, and similar operations. The safety code for the prevention of dust explosions in grain elevators covers the tirst hazard referred to, the second is provided for in the regula tions for dour and feed mills. The code for starch factories, therefore, relates specifically to the hazard in the handling of dried starch. This hazard is present tirst at the starch drying kilns and follows ail processes involving the handling of the starch from the kilns up to and including the packing operation. It is now generally accepted that any kind of starch dry enough to float in air is dry enough to contribute to an expiosion. even though the department may be one in which the air is humid. The safety code provides for: ill construction and arrangement of buildings covering the operations of starch drying; (2) construction- and arrangement of kilns; >31 dry starch grinding and grading; (4) pearl and powdered starch bulk packing; (31 lump starch cooking, pressing, grad ing and packing; (6) control and re moval of suspended dust,; (7 i re moval of static dust; (8) prevention of ignition; (9) mechanical precau tions, and (10) housekeeping. Pulverized Fuel Systems The Dust Explosion Hazards Com mittee made a distinct departure in dealing with the installation of pul verized fuel systems, in that this safety code was prepared in anticipa tion of possible dust expiosion haz ards- rather than waiting for disasf.rous dust explosions to occur be fore safety work was undertaken, it was recognized that, although pul verized fuel systems are of various NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS )t,3, ati involve tiie hazard inch leaf ' jjtf creation and possible liberation fj' ,,(,mbu.stible dusts unless properly 'J lsj^nt'(i, ''iMstnicteri and operated, -'iiis VVHS !ll',`Pfeii under tin' (l i,,i-al direction of It K. .Wwoll, cn" ,,.r. N'.'itinnal l.iiiird of Kiiv t'lnler- arttrrs. N-w Vm-k. jn general, pulverized fuel system'. itup |e arranged in three classes: j) f'liixH A Si/xti'in: Indirect, or tliesf in which the fuel is intimately iui.w`d with air at the point or points wjiere used and- whieh have storage bins at points of consumption. 121 t'htxx ti St/sfeinx: Direct, nr thuse in whieh the pulverized fuel is tVd to a fan by which it is blown as , eninbustible mixture through large pipes to furnaces nr other points of consumption. En the case of circulat ing systems of this class, the unused fuel is returned to the initial point to l,e blown again through the line. In systems of this class the pulverizers are located remote from points of con sumption. (31 t'nit Si/xtemn: Those in which the fuel is pulverized at or near the point or points of use, and de livered directly from the pulverizer into the furnace by means of fan or blower, which may be an integral part of the apparatus; the air being ad mitted in the apparatus or in conjunc tion with the fuel. Systems of this type do not employ bins. The safety Hide rei(uiremeuts for all classes cover: 111 location of pul verizing system ; 121 construction of pulverizing buildings; c!) ventila tion and dust eollecrion; >4> npera' ion nf pulverizers; id' installation of magnetic separators: til elecfi'ieity for light and power; 171 grounding "f machinery; < s i dust col lectors; ill l safety relief vents; i 10! installation of blower systems for handling fuel in suspension; ill) drier design; >12) specifications for construction of transport pipe lines. This safety Hide also includes recommendations covering the storing of pulverized or dried crushed coal and also a recommended procedure for the extinguishment of fires in pul verized fuel conveyors, pipes, ducts, collectors, and bins. Coal Pneumatic Cleaning Plants The safety code for coal pneumatic cleaning plants also was prepared in anticipation of possible dust explosion hazards under the leadership of George 8. Rice, chief mining engineer of the P. 8. Bureau of Mines, Wash ington, D. The coal pneumatic cleaning systems covered in this safety code employ air pressure and evacuation, and are subject to the hazard incident to the creation and distribution of explosive coal dust. The code covers: (1) types of pneu matic coal cleaning systems; (2) Damage to reinforced concrete bin from an explosion of grain dust. Two men were injured and property dam age amounted to about 60.000. potential dust-produoing hazards; (3) location of pneumatic cleaning machinery and apparatus; (4) con struction of buddings; (5) screen room arrangement; (61 arrangement of jig or table room; <7 i window ar rangement and construction; (8) ven tilation and dust collection systems: (IM construction of dust collectors; i 10) safety relief vents; (11) design and construction of coal driers; (12) location of storage bins: (13) elec tricity for light, heat, and power; (14) general requirements for tire and explosion protection. The other safety codes covering (1 j Hour and feed mills, (2) sugar and cocoa pulverizing systems, (3) ter minal grain elevators, (4) spice grind ing plants, and (5) wood dour manu facturing establishments are available for practical use, but space will not permit a detailed reference to the specific requirements of these various codes. The introduction of an electric extension cord with an unguarded bulb in a Hour bin caused this explosion which resulted in the death of one workman and injuries to five others. SEPTEMBER, 1932 Safety Code for Use of Inert Gas it is desired, however, to call specific attention to the safety code for the use of inert gas for lire and explosion prevention. The code was prepared under the direction of Hyl ton ft. Brown of the Chemical Engi neering Division of the Bureau of Chemistry and Soils. Washington, L>, C',, in cooperation with the Com mittee on Manufacturing Risks and Special Hazards of the National Fire Protection Association,-.-Carbon di oxide or other inert' gases, w.h,en mixed with air, reduce the oxygen percentage of the atmosphere below Hi In this recent explosion oi feed dust one workman was killed, five were injured, and property loss amounted to 150,000, the combustion limit and can be used successfully in providing protection against fires and explosions in cer tain hazards. This code indicates a standard method of using carbon di oxide or other inert gases for the prevention of explosions and fires where the hazards are of such a nature as to make this lorn of pro tection necessary or desirable. Examples of equipment and ap paratus in which inert gas protection may be used include ovens, driers, grinders or pulverizers, special ma chinery and apparatus involving the use or handling of flammable liquids, vapors or dusts within an enclosure, tanks used for storage of flammable liquids, and bins, vaults or other inclosures containing material through which gas can permeate and where it is necessary for anyone to enter the inclosure at frequent intervals. wheat, corn, or oat elevator dust to 5.9 per cent for hydrogen gas. The code covers: (1> sources of inert gas supply; (2) gas conditioning equipment; (3) gas distributing sys tem; i4) analyzing, indicating, and recording equipment. It also includes a diagram outlining the application of inert gas to a grinding system. In view of the extensive research work that has been done on industrial plant dust explosion prevention it is not necessary to wait until a dust ex plosion occurs, with costly results, to demonstrate forcibly that the dust in any particular plant is explosive. It must be recognized that practically all The reduction of the oxygen con tent of the. air (normally 21 per cent) necessary to prevent explosions and tires naturally must vary with the different materials being handled. Detailed information concerning the oxygen reduction necessary is given under a special section in this code, entitled ` ` Determining the Amount of Inert Gas Required." This section includes a table listing the permissible percentage of oxygen based on the addition of carbon dioxide. This table gives percentages of oxygen ranging from 16 per cent for Pitts burgh coal dust, and 14 per cent for SHOW THE SAFETY "SPIRIT OF '3S" AT WASHINGTON OCTOBER 3-7 combustible dusts will explode when mixed in the proper concentration with air and ignited. It will be in order, therefore, to recommend a plan of action for safety engineers in deal ing with industrial plant dust explosion hazards. L The degree of explosibility of any dust created during operating processes should be determined. The Bureau of t'hemistry and .Soils has equipment for testing samples of in dustrial dusts and will be glad ro co operate in the making of tests of this character if desired. The bureau can advise also as to what methods might be employed in conducting tests at the plant. There are a number of simple methods which require very little time and effort for determining definitely the possibility of dust ignition. 2. The bureau will be glad to sug gest control methods for dust ex plosion prevention. Et is frequently found that a control method which has proved effective in one branch of industry will be of value in another. The engineers of the bureau are con tinually assisting industrial com panies in the installation of improved equipment and control methods. 3. The plant safety committee should pay special attention to dust accumulations throughout the plant. The efficiency of dust-collecting sys tems aiso should be observed. The employers should be fully acquainted with the dust explosion hazard and the subject he brought to their atten tion at special safety meetings, or at other opportune times. 4. The safety measures recom mended in the safety codes for dust explosion prevention in industrial plants should be adopted and applied in all plants subject to the hazard. 5. In order to secure the benefit of engineering experience, dust ex plosions and resulting tires in indus trial plants should be promptly re ported to the Chemical Engineering Division of the Bureau of Chemistry and Soils. It is important to report the circumstances under which the minor explosions occur, no matter how small the loss. The investigation of a large number of dust explosions has definitely shown that in many in stances more valuable data can be se cured when the- explosion was of a minor nStnfe than when the destruc tion was of large proportions, involv ing large loss of life and extensive property damage. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS How ARMCO Trains The best way to avoid mistakes in manufacturing is to train every individual so that there wj|| be a minimum of costly errors. The training program of the American Rolling Mills Company has effected a steady reduction in accidents and economy in operation oohV By CHARLES H. MURRAY* E ARE kept busy at WARMCO attempting to train every individual to do his job better. With 10,000 employees in 0ur normal working group, the differ ence between this number of men working effectively and safeiv or do ing a haphazard job, represents very nearly the margin in times like these between an operating profit and a loss. It is, of eourse. one problem to train Job training is given to cover every typical job in the ARMCO plants, including many minor operations. 10,000 people in a single locality, and quite another to do this in half a leadership we. modeled our efforts For years we had considered our dozen communities, as our plants are after those of the schoolroom. We safety statistics as a barometer of the located. It is also one problem to had lectures and oratory on topics effectiveness of our manufacturing manufacture commodity products and such as psychology, leadership, mo organization. When good safety rec quite another to manufacture a rale, and the like. Attendance was ords were made in a department, they specialty product to meet thousands voluntary, and while many signed up were usually accompanied by good of different specifications. In our in in the early fall, comparatively few cost and production records. dustry the problem indicates a need were left at the end of the season. After a study of the problem, it for a comprehensive training pro Many who needed training most seemed apparent that our safety de gram. failed to enlist in the classes. We partment, rather than our training Back in 1911 we began to recognize also developed many training addicts department, was more nearly ap the need for organized work in com who enrolled in every course and did proaching our ideas of what should bating accidents. We went through most of the loud talking. Usually be done. For example, our safety the various stages in guarding ma those who were the best orators in supervisor was visiting each of our chinery, Later, we had camp meet the classroom were the poorest ``do plants and observing the departments ings and evangelists, we had cam ers" in the mill. However, this experi to determine where unsafe practices paign*. we had parades and snow ence. like our safety work, gave us a were in effect. He was then institut storms of safety signs and slogans; background that prepared for future ing corrective measures to eombat the meantime, our accident records progress. accidents. This seemed an idea worth showed that we were making real progress. However, most of these Low Costs with Safety developing. Another important point was that our safety program had been programs were based on an appeal to In short, we became dissatisfied thoroughly sold to our organization the emotions, and naturally the re with both our safety and our training and all plant managers were solidly action came quickly. programs as individual functions be behind it because they believed they While we were having this experi cause they were not effective in the were getting tangible results. ence with safety we were having a similar experience with employee training efforts. Under academic EoiSmT'wS! ,,Per*>nal Service, America: ttP*ny. f Abstract of an ad Americana* , ?.he Metropolitan Chaptei nS5?25,,.a^sl*tV of Safety Bnslneer*- neerinf Section, National Safety Coun mill where our major problems ex isted. We fully realized that these functions had a definite place in our organization, but they must be util ized more effectively for the preven tion of accidents, the reduction of costs, and the improvement of quality. Early in 1929 the two departments were combined, the safety supervisor being given the responsibility for both activities; with the uneffijstanding, however, that our safety problem was--- now entirely one of training. The only reason for not dropping the word SEPTEMBER, 1932 We developed many "training ad dicts" who enrolled in every course and did most ol the loud speaking. "safety" altogether was because of the adverse psychological effect it would have on the organization. Our job was two-told; first, that of training supervisors; and second, training the worker in the technique of his job. Our first responsibility was to our supervisory group, and when, we analyzed their jobs we found their functions to be largely manager ial, so that we immediately inaugu rated our foreman-manager training program. This program was designed to give every supervisor a proper and com prehensive view of his responsibilities. For the average foreman's conception of his job was that of handling either skilled or common labor, and he gave comparatively little thought to the broader managerial functions ot" his work. In other words, he did not con sider that he was in business for him self and that he was responsible for costs, quality, tons per hour, and mo rale. Our program was planned to cover a three-year period, and we are just now finishing the third season, in 1929-30 the major subject of the course was "Conservation." In 193031 it was "Prime Yield;" and in 1931-32 it. was "Prime Output per Hour." Each season's work was of six months duration; the remaining six months gave the supervisors an opportunity to train their men. Each season's work is broken down Vouw6ReM into the six most important contribut ing factors, and a full month is de voted to the study of each. The fourth week of every month is always spent in studying the cost aspect of the subject. The week's work is the measuring stick. Our Personal Service Staff prepares the weekly outlines and mails them to the plants. Each subject is intro duced according to a standard plan, the plant manager calling together his entire supervisory force and ad visory committeemen at the beginning of each month. The new subject is introduced and the accomplishments of the preceding month discussed. The general superintendent also con venes his departmental superintend ents in a weekly meeting, and the fundamentals are there applied to de partment problems. The individual department superintendent follows up with a meeting of his foremen, where the outlines are localized to department problems. Synchronized Programs All departments in all plants study the same subject 'at the same time. As the program is thus synchronized, a spirit of friendly competition is de veloped in the inauguration pf new ideas on management. In the beginning we found that some of our department superintend ents, although- excellent operating men, had only a slight understanding of costs. .Since these tnen. according JR to the training plan, were placed jR X the position of explaining costs M their own group, they were in danger nf having to mnfpss their ignorance S They quickly secured the necessary 1 in format ion and so preserved their prestige as well as making themselves more valuable to the company. I Another important benefit was that ft the plan offered the ambitious fore. 1 man an opportunity to advance him. ff -elf. Many <>f our foremen have detn- orisfrated what they could do and have already advanced to better jobs. As an pxample of the interest shown, I have checked the JIarch attendance, which showed ISfj foreman-manager training meetings in all plants, with an attendance in excess of U.pun, lob training, the second part of the , program, is not at all complex. For- tnerly a man made a mistake which might cost the company considerable money before the foreman discovered his tendency to failures. He repri manded the man severely and either; fired him or warned him. In many cases the man had not been taught bow to do the job properly. It-was- merely an accident that came to light. Trained Men Are Safe The first job training class was organized in an attempt to prevent numerous accidents that were occur ring on our roller-leveling machines. When a man does a job properly, he does it safely. Job training classes are always held in the mill on the par ticular job on which a man works and on his own time. All job training classes are organ- ized alike, the foreman leading the instruction, assisted by the mainte nance foreman and the safety and training advisor. Staff men are brought in for consultation as they : may be needed. in the beginning, job training was . used as a " trouble shooter. ' ' When a department had an accident or spoiled iron, or had any difficulty which was attributable to the organization, the men in that department were imme diately job trained. Today our job training is on schedule, organized so that as changes in practice or equip- , raent occur, the men will be given training in the new method. Job training has now been given to cover every typical job in our plants, and it Jiar*also been extended to in clude many minor operations, such as operating an emery wheel or oxygen (Please turn to Page sii; NATIONAL SAFETY' NEWS 19 What Do Wc Mean by ^Accident Prone77? By CARL B. AUEL* * Sometimes the employee who seems to have more than his share of accidents is merely an untrained employee. Or perhaps he has been placed without regard to his abilities E EIAVE been hearing a cident) has not been reached by the Wgreat deal during the past time they retire from service. few years about the accident- [ recognize the fact, of course, that prone employee. Let us see. if npostswio individuals are exactly alike; ble, just what is meant when we speak conditions of body and mind vary, ,,f 'such an individual. and so their performances must differ. He has been classed as one who has Carelessness, ill-health, fatigue, worry, pore accidents than his fellows--a and many other factors all have their high-accident man. He has been called effect. Situations will therefore arise, one who becomes conspicuous by nu due sometimes to the individual, merous accidents, or even by two acci sometimes to external causes, which dents if occurring in a short period may be said to constitute hazards for of time, or by a single serious acci certain individuals but which are no dent. In one utility men with more hazards at all for others. than one accident of any kind per 1000 car-miles are considered in this class. In a certain trucking concern lie is defined as a driver who has more than one accident within thirty days. In short, look where we may, it wms impossible to find a satisfactory definition of `accident-prone." The Travelers Insurance Company has sponsored the statement that for every major or lost-time accident there will be found to have occurred 330 practice performances: in other words, an operation can be wrongly done 330 times, during which there will have been 300 near accidents and 23 minor accidents before a real losttime accident occurs as a result of all the faulty performances. On this basis, every man who has a single accident must be considered a Why should there not. therefore, be individuals more prone to accident than others? We know, for example, that young persons are more prone to accident when working at milling machines than at machines of most other kinds. We know that foreign born work men employed under a boss whose language they do not understand are more prone to accident than when working under a boss they can under stand. We know also that men are more prone to accident at times of peak load--say, 10 a. m. to 3 p. m.--than at other times. The U. S. Government found some years ago that accidents occurred more frequently in the steel industry high-accident risk. But if our goal really "no accidents." then I am inclined to go still farther and say that, on this basis, all workers are ac tually accident-prone, although some are tackier than others, perhaps be cause their 330th faulty performance ' which would have resulted in an ac- `Manager, Employee.** Service Itenartment, ,7*sunjrhou* Klee-trie & Manufacturing ompany, East Pittsburgh, Pa. SEPTEMBER, 1932 nil night turn than on day turn; and the Travelers insurance Company, as a result of a study of !J5,000 accidents, stated that the great majority occur red during the winter months and on the night turn. Moreover, it is common experience that workers younger from the stand point of service or experience are more prone to accident than those older in years or in experience. In our own plant we have found em ployees more prone to accident on Saturday than on other days of the week. If, by these examples, is meant " ac cident- proneness." then it must be admitted that there not only are in dividual employees prone to accident, but whole classes of them; and fur ther, that even safe workers are also actually prone to accident at times. Who Is More Responsible? But I ask you next, who is the more responsible for these situations which arise, the employee or the employer? 1 believe that the employer is the more responsible, because, although know ing the possibilities, more intensive accident prevention measures may not have been taken and more careful job selections made. Formerly it was believed that acci dents occurred largely owing to the want of mechanical safeguards; but it is now known that, notwithstanding all kinds of guards, accidents continue to occur; and it is recognized that other things also have an important place in the work of accident preven tion. Among these important addi tional factors are the following: Minimum labor turnover food health und contentment Good lighting Cleanliness and neatness A measured pare---absence hurry Prohibition * - [^duration Intelligence, skill and carefulness English language -,L * ss These are fundamentals, although ft is only fair to assume, moreover, "My experience of accident preven not named necessarily in the order of that the utilities and the automobile tion work, which dates hack to 1897, their importance; the want of them fleet owners, with further experience, has convinced me that there are com will certainly tend to produce acd- will gradually be able to substitute paratively few employees who are dent-proneness < if you use the term ) grerentire methods more generally definitely and consistently prone to among employees, for their present corrective methods, accidents: so much depends on the But again i ask where the fault and thus select accident-free opera general conditions obtaining in the mainly lies if, due to the absence of tives in the first place. factory or workshop that it appears these requisites to safety, accidents Be assured that I do not stand alone inadvisable to lie too positive or to occur? Some fault lies, of course, in feeling as I do about the so-called generalize on the subject at this stage. with the employee, hut far more with accident-prone employee. The effective liaison of the welfare su the employer. Few Are Incurable In a careful study of accidents by several utility companies, they con sidered that about 70 per cent of their motormen were satisfactory. Of the remainder, however, over 26 per cent, thought to be unsatisfactory at first, became satisfactory after further training or other treatment, while only 2.6 to 2.75 per cent finally were judged incurable and dismissed, A large manufacturing corporation, in a period of 30 months, recorded 936 accidents, but found that only eight men had had two accidents each and none more than that number. Our own plant experience, over a some what longer period and involving more than 3.000 accidents, is much the same. If these examples are typical (and the fact may be, proved), then it would seem to indicate that the bug bear of so-called aeeident-proneness in employees may be dismissed, at least as far as the majority of the in dustries are concerned, else the won derful records in accident prevention that are being made would be impossi ble. in a talk entitled "The Selection and Training of Vehicle Operators." Dr. A. R. Lauer, associate pro fessor of psychology at iowa State College, at the last National Safety Congress, listed 13 tests which should be made in selecting operators. He then stated (and this is the point 1 wish to emphasize) that if these tests are carried out, incomplete though they may be as to comprehen siveness, they wall prevent at least 50 per cent of all accidents due to per sonal factors. The British magazine. Industrial Welfare and Personnel Management, September, 1930, contained an article by Kric Farmer on ' ` Analyzing Acci dent Records. '' He says: "The results already obtained show that the 25 per cent of the skilled ap prentices examined, who failed in certain tests designed to measure hand and eye cooperation, had an accident rate two-and-one-half times greater than those who passed the tests. It has also been shown that the same tests tend to select those who do best at the skilled trades: so that if they were employed for the selection of candidates, a class of apprentices would be selected less liable to acci dents and more proficient at their pervisor or safety inspector with the workers and the management is the surest means of achieving the desired object." Unfortunate Characteristics According to information published by the .National Safety found!: ".Scientific studies of motormen and drivers have shown that high-aceident men have one or more of the following characteristics--poor health or physi cal condition, lack of skill nr knowl edge of driving, the wrong attitude toward safe and proper driving. A driver having any one of these un fortunate characteristics is likely to have a bad accident record. If he shows a combination of any two of them he is almost certain to appear in the accident list." What better evidence need we have that it is possible to examine and study candidates for these positions, finding in advance those who might be prone to accident and filtering them into other positions where they will not be subject to hazard? We are continually seeing recorded remarkable " no-accident " performan ces. In our own plant at Bast Pittsburgh, where a number of years ago we used to have as high as 187 But why should the accident-prone work. accidents per month among the 20,000 employee exist in the utilities and among automobile fleets! There are at least two reasons, as I see it. for this difference; the utilities and the automobile fleets undoubtedly have more and a greater variety of unex pected hazards than the industries; and it will be acknowledged that they are not so far advanced, as a whole, Mental Tests "These preliminary results are most encouraging and show that it is possible to measure in a simple way some of the psychological factors de termining accident proneness before the candidate starts his industrial ca reer. 1 ' employees, in recent years we have at times reduced these accidents as low as nine per month. Disregarding the occasional changes due to labor turn over, it is largely the same employees, who once might have been accidentprone, who are more nearly safe workers today. in the work of accident prevention < 'ommenting on this paper, A. R. F. What has taken place? Principally, and (I dare my) of job selection, as Engeibaeh. works director of the Aus it has been our increasing experience well. tin Motor Company, Ltd., says: "We daring the intervening years, both in Admitting, then, that, accident- do not find that a single workman has job selection and in accident preven prone employees do not exist to any appreciable extent in the industries, they can apparently also be almost wholly eliminated from the utilities by means of corrective methods (as has been demonstrated already hv a many accidents which would label him as accident-prone; if we did we should not keep him at all, as in my opinion he would be equally dangerous in any other department." C, K. Atkinson, factory inspector tion work, that has enabled us to insti tute more effective safety measures. But was our lack of knowledge in days gone by^aiuadequate reason why we should liave called^our employees accident prone, and why we should number of them). for Lever Bros., Ltd., also states: (Please turn to page 83) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 21 Have We Forgotten the "Three C's?" By BENJAMIN G. EYNON # fji* ''^re* E'*" of traffic safety are important but Set's more of the three C's--Courtesy, Consideration and Cooperation ^'E of the primary reasons for pass us in safety. Courtesy would en 0 highway accidents is the ab able us to heed warning signals and sence of highway ourtesv. give a signal to our fellow' driver. ft is because so many motorists haCveourtesy would not permit us to wt their inherent eonsiderateness think we had a supreme right over an jgh civility for others that we need other in the. use of the highway. jjjtrictive laws controlling traffic, The factors in the accident situa fstil we can educate more people to tion are not complex and uncertain, th fact that motor laws are simply but rather the contrary. Let us ex i code of ethics or behavior, addi amine them under the following head tions! laws will be more or less worth- ings: 11) the highway; (2) the motor lea vehicle; (31 the operator; (4) the True, enforcement is one ot the pedestrian: 5) enforcement. beet safety educators, but we cannot eentinnally "pass the buck'' to the The Highway police to dear ourselves of our own obligations. Many of the provisions of our laws would be entirely unnecMKtry if we had not forgotten the cHcntial elements of traffic safety-- politeness, civility, consent as distin guished from right, and consideration for others. To see how courtesy could operate to reduce accidents, let us analyze a few serident reports. ` * 1 blew my horn and proceeded, having the right-of-way." This right-of-way obsession is the an*wer to a large part of the accident list. "A man suddenly appeared in front ofmycar.andl hit him--1 don't know where he came from." (Perhaps he arrived by parachute.) Let us have We must consider safety for the highway from the viewpoint of engi neering. Curves should be super-ele vated to permit present day speed. It is evident from the number of acci dents occurring on curves either that the construction of the highway is not in accordance with good engineering or the car driver is taking the curve at too high a speed. A study of curves will determine proper speed limits and then suitable warning signs may be erected. Warning signs for the convenience of those unfamiliar with the highway should be placed at dangerous points. Maintenance of the highway should less horn and more brakes. A blast include a rough surface to retard of the horn cannot scare others to the skidding. White lines and painted point of evaporation into thin air designations on the highway surface and relieve you of the obligation to should guide the driver during night pre the brake pedal or twist the hours and in foggy weather. Through steering wheel. traffic highways should be designated, Common courtesy on our part requiring vehicles to come to a full Wold give the other driver just the he required to complete that TMand turn. It would give the man Joind just the space he required to stop at their borders. Narrow, highly crowned old types of roadway should be eliminated. In providing more positive identi fOn.?i??,l's,nner nt Motor Vehicles for for* SthLVrlrli^' * Abstract of an address bedivers1 School of the Milwaukee wiy Commission, Milwaukee, Wis.i fication of railroad crossings, particu larly for night drivers, some suggest illuminated signs. These signs should September, 1932 at least be placed so that the automo bile lights will bring them out clearly. Narrow and so-called "one-way" bridges should he eliminated, and adequate guard rails should be erect ed. The building of turn-outs along highways for the use of busses in loading and unloading passengers will add considerable safety. Each community should adopt a comprehensive and practical traffic plan, giving traffic constant study and survey. There should he uniformity in street and highway traffic signs and traffic signals throughout the country. The farts about accidents should be correlated and applied in highway construction and traffic regulation. The Motor Vehicle In Pennsylvania we first had a vol untary inspection of motor vehicles, the inspection covering about 50 per eent of the registration: ot per cent of these cars were found deficient in safety of operation. Our first com pulsory inspection was held in 1929, the inspection being practically 100 per cent, and of these 73 per cent were found defective. The following year, with the inspection again 100 per cent of registration, 71 per cent re quired adjustment or repairs. Thus there was a gain during the year of 2 per cent, or approximately 41)0,000 vehicle owners who had become safety conscious. Realizing that mechanical fitness plays an important part in the reduc tion of highway accidents, and that approximately 10 per cent of highway accidents are due to faulty mechan ical equipment, we asked for addi tional legislation to make the inspec tion more rigid. We now have a law requiring semi-annual inspections, one being held during January.^Feb ruary and March, the second during July, August and September. Fol lowing each of these periods, there will be three months of enforcement by the State Highway Patrol and lo t )ver-emphasis upon speed in adver cerning the ordinary rules ,.1 cal police authorities. tising, and misleading statements as road. * During the earlier campaigns to power in emergencies are things to What a tragedy it would have official inspection stations were ap he deplored. For some years t have to let those untrained persons pointed for the duration of the cam been inclined to believe that in motor- on our public highways! And thli paign. But under the law now effec vehicle regulation we omiid substitute per cent who were unable to tive official inspection stations are the element of recklessness for speed, how to drive at all indicates that appointed permanently. Each garage bur in viewing the accident situation, year almost fi.OUfl persons were ,y. applying for appointment was in i. am gradually coming to the point priced of the privilege because thij: spected, and out of 8,d0<j applications, where 1 consider the high speeds fre were found to be fundamentally jj|. about 6,000 were selected. To further quently advertised as dangerous un competent. protect the automobile owner and as der any condition. Let us inquire what a driver's sure the state that stations are com To me it seems rather ridiculous to cerise law should do. and attempt ^ plying with regulations, a special assume that any car traveling at a reason from those points as to its n,/ group of state highway patrolmen speed of 7(1 or HO miles per hour is eessity. have been trained and assigned to check the appointed stations. Campaigns of this kind will not make our state 100 per cent accident proof, of course; but if Pennsylvania ean by means of compulsory motor vehicle inspection cut down or wipe under absolute control. In Pennsyl vania, at least, we seem to be "hitting them harder" because, while we have during the past year experienced a deerease in total number of accidents, we have had an increase in fatalities and serious injuries. First, it will provide a record ^ operators, and as a corollary a violjf1 tion and accident experience file. (g is important to know the mental physical capacity of those to be grant|;.; ed the driving privilege. Violating records are important because, in out the 10 per cent of its accidents due to faulty equipment, then it will The Operator analysis of 48,888 accidents in Peni sylvania in 1931. of which 1.904 have accomplished something. Many of the worn out. unsafe "crocks'' will be driven into the garage for the last time, for they will be found not worth the expense of making the repairs necessary to secure a certificate of approval. What we can expect when the cam paign is closed is difficult to determ ine. Motor vehicle owners are joining in the movement willingly, but there is no alternative; the law says it. must lie done, and we are looking for good results. The Automotive Industry It is generally admitted that the automotive industry has made great strides in improving the motor ve The question is frequently raised whether it is necessary (aside from augmenting state revenue) to li cense persons who drive motor vehi cles, and this question is immediately followed by another, whether such a provision tends to reduce accidents? I think this argument can be disposed of with a counter question. If operators are not licensed by the motor vehicle department, then what control can be exercised over their actions? The motor vehicle admin istrator grants the privilege (which is not an inherent right) and by virtue of this authority he can withdraw or withhold it. ft has been the experience in Penn sylvania and many other states that suited fatally to 11.038 persons, thi were found to be 38.604 violation of our vehicle code. Experience many cities shows that rigid enfori ment, even for so-called minor viol; tions, is an effective means toward cident reduction. Probably the most important turn tion of an operator's license 1# should be its effect in the reduction accidents. Analysis recently made the National Safety Council shows driver's license law with examinati of new drivers, properly administer! by a centralized department, may expected to reduce motor vehicle taiities by about 20 per cent, t! conclusion being based on (he reco; of states having such laws. hicle, especially as to comfort, con the withdrawal of the driving privi venience and mobility. It is only lege is a most successful deterrent The Pedestrian within comparatively recent years that the industry has recognized that it might have a selfish interest in safety, and has been incorporating in to its product those features which would tend to prevent or minimize against reckless driving. To many people the imposition of nominal tines, periodically, means nothing. They pay the fines, and sometimes are even proud to he termed habitual vio lators of the law. Too often the pedestrian is sight of in considering highway dents. But in Pennsylvania last yi pedestrians were involved in 21 cent of the total accidents. 47 per eel of the fatalities were pedestrians, am accidents. Four-wheel brakes, safe fTpon the question of actual acci we had nine times as many pea ty glass, improved headlamps, addi dent reduction, I believe that our ex mans injured as were killed. tional signalling devices are a few il perience in Pennsylvania is represen In considering the problems lustrations. tative. Twenty-five per cent of appli highway accident reduction in oi The industry should not disparage cants for a driver's license fail upon state, we remember that our eni the accident situation. Sometimes it the first examination, and on subse population is 10,000,000 peopk appears as though it feels that too quent examination 3 per cent fail en While we have 1,800,000 registei much talk or regulation in connection tirely. We examine approximately motor vehicles and 2,500,000 opei with safety discredits the automobile. But it seems to me that, purely from a selfish point of view, the industry should be interested in helping to 300,000 new operators each year. Last year dli.iJOu of those who thought they could drive were unable to pass a first simple test in the operation of tors, all jdLour population at oi time or another are either autonit bile riders or highway pedestriai The operator of a motor vehicle keep the automobile in good repute. a car and answer a few questions con f Flense, t urn to pane i I' NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 1 The sidewalk at the left is a convenience and safeguard to those who must walk into the city. Where pedestrian traffic does not justify sidewalks, signs should provide the needed warnings. Giving the Rural Pedestrian a Break By STANLEY OWENS* ALTHOUGH the United States is Ok generally regarded as a nation f %of automobile riders, the pe destrian is not yet extinct. More than half of the 33,000 persons killed in automobile accidents during 1930 were traveling on foot at the time of the accident. Among children under 15 years, 80 per cent of the fatalities and 73 per cent of the non-fatal in juries were to foot travelers. Programs of safety education are showing results in some cities, but serious injuries on rural highways have shown a startling increase. One of the reasons is that many people must walk long or short distances along country roads and in the great majority of cases there is no place to walk but on the road pavement, fre quently crowded almost to the danger point with motor traffic. Only in exceptional eases are the shoulders lit for walking, even in dry weather. Practically every automobile driver has had the experience while driving at night of coming suddenly upon pedestrians walking in the path of his ear, making proper although dangerous use of the. only walkway available. The installation of highway side walks not only protects pedestrians, but it relieves the fear of motorists .Safety Engineer, Portland Cement Asso ciation, Chicago. SEPTEMBER, 1932 and permits faster travel with safety, thereby increasing the capacity of the road. Cases are on record where pedestrians have, been struck down on public highways without the auto mobile driver being aware that his car had been, involved in the mishap. A car traveling at a relatively high speed may easily strike a person a glancing blow, which might result fa tally, without any unusual shock be ing felt by the passengers or driver of the car. Heretofore rural communities have neglected to offer protection to the pedestrian on the highway. The high way sidewalk offers a solution to this problem. Recently, Newcastle Coun ty, Delaware, has taken steps to pro tect rural pedestrians by the installa tion of some live miles of highway sidewalk. This has been placed along heavily traveled roads, particularly in the vicinity of rural schools, amuse ment parks and cemeteries, where large numbers of pedestrians have been forced to use the paved road way. Where Walks Are Needed Highway sidewalks are recommend ed especially for locations where rela tively large numbers of pedestrians are forced to use the roadways. There are four places where the highway sidewalks are especially valuable: 1. On bridges and culverts. The pedestrian is usually forced to use the roadways on bridges and culverts, due to the absence of a sidewalk. Fortu nately, sidewalks usually can be added to small or moderate size bridges or installed at culverts at modest ex pense. In the case of new bridge or culvert construction, the addition of a walk would be a small factor so far as total cost is concerned. 2. Around rural schools. Side walks are best placed on the school side of the road and extended a reasonable distance--sometimes a half mile in either direction from the school. It is on this half mile or so nearest the school that children commonly crowd the roadways. In the parish of St. John the Baptist (Louisiana) a mile of highway sidewalk is being built adjacent to each rural school. 3. Adjoining rural resorts, road houses, amusement parks and dance halls. In these locations there are at times found large crowds of peo ple who, in the absence of a side walk, are forced to step into the highway. This is also true to a con siderable extent at rural cemeteries. 4. Immediately outside,..the city limits. Many people living a half mile or more beyond the city pave-' ments walk to the end of the city car line or bus transportation. Building Safety Into the Machine Courtesy, Landis Machine Co* Figure l. Single head threading machine operat* ing automatically and well guarded. By G. M. BRIGGS Many modern machines are excellent examples of engineering revision to secure maximun safety for the operator. But the old type machine in which no thought of safety was incorporated is still common AFETY enthusiasts are often S disappointed as they look back over the history of the accident prevention movement. Neither plant safeguarding, nor in employee education, nor in the redesign of ma chinery, they are inclined to assert, has satisfactory progress been made in safety. It is, of course, human nature to weigh the present against what might have been. But is their pessimism fully justified? Can we forget the excellent safety achievements of some plants because the majority are still floundering in a bog of costly acci dents ? A famous statesman once said that he could count himself happy and successful if organized safety effort. Compare the mounting deaths in street and high way accidents under somewhat similar cinonditions. In no phase of the safety program has pessimism been more rife than re garding engineering revision, the re design of the machine in process of building to secure maximum safety for the operator. The fact cannot be disputed that machines originally were built with little or no thought for human safety. It is largely be cause the industrial plants of this country are still making use of such machines, often entirely unguarded or supplied with inadequate home-made guards, that machine accidents in many factories continue to f> com mon. I have already pointed out in a pre vious article that responsibility for the unsatisfactory development of safety by engineering revision must be shared between the machine manu facturer and industrial management Some manufacturers have designed and built machines that are outstand ing examples of the safety ideal. But if most modern machinery continues to be built and sold with little atten tion paid to adequate safeguarding, it is plain that this is largely because there is no widespread and sufficient demand for thoroughly safe machines. There is, however, a powerful minor- he were right only fiftyone per cent of the time. The same philosophy, I think, may be applied to accident prevention effort. Nor, a few only, but a large number of indus trial plants have now be come safety minded. The record of lives saved and injuries pre vented by ail three of the fundamental meth ods is a long one, and the fact that the total of all accidents in in dustry has been reduced even a little in the face of multiplying hazards is a notable credit for Courtesy* E. W. Bliss Co. Figure 2. Maximum safety for the operator is gained by keeping his hands away from dies. Courtesy, The Kina Machine Tool Co. Figure 3. Front view of a boring mill where every gear, sprocket and chain is out of view. NATIONAL SAFETY NEW! anlong industrial plants where is recognized as all essential the production program and f i accidents are classed ns costly The National Safety Council " '"ills among its membership a large '"nib*'1' "f" fbesc. Countless letters 1111 si hi* describing how these plants .kireUeelnpid'acctlousme ,-toumchakwinigth the machine suggestions. aiding blue prints ami models of h iiik -made safeguards, with the re' jt plat as new machines are built "j1(, old hazards are either minimized guarded or sometimes enclosed in Jlif process of building. [[ere aft' sm,1<s paragraphs from the lt,tter of a man whose name would be instantly recognized as that of a leader in the safety world : Last week we received a new i'ourtesy. The Lodge & Shipley Machine Tool Co, Figure 6, A very modern selective head tool room lathe with motor drive in leg. Courfccsy, The Keaid Machine Co. Figure 5. Small automatic internal grinding machine of good design. press, the most powerful we have ever purchased. When it was in position we looked it over, and there were only two moving parts visible--the ram and the flywheel. Every other part is completely covered. You cannot see a tooth in any gear, you cannot see any of the moving parts that ac tuate the ram or anything else. It is the finest job of guarding by the manufacturer that I have ever seen. "And. now, get this--while the millwrights were erecting the press, our guard builder was putting up the guard around the flywheel. All of this had been done without, one word from the safety man. all done just as a matter of course. "That, i say. is the answer to ma chine guarding: no checking of hlupprints by the safety department, no argument with the machine builder, no argument with tiie millwrights, no waiting until after the machine has been run for a while before putting up the guards, but all done simply and completely because it is the right way to do things. "We have both a plant standard and a local safety council standard that says: No gear is completely guarded as long as you can see one single solitary tooth. We have a rule in our shop that forbids the operation of certain machines unless they are equipped with certain types of guards. In no way is it possible for a foreman to get permission to oper ate those machines without those guards, and yet this never stops pro duction. The production problem is simple. Our manager says that no machine can be operated without guards; he also says that a certain machine must be in operation by Monday. The answer is that the ma rine is in operation next Monday morning with all safeguards in place." f Another brief letter from the safety I bureau of one of our country's largest steel companies has this interesting it information : "The lost-time accidents in our company last year charged to moving machinery were eight-tenths of one per cent of the total lost-time accidents. We have been very for tunate in having been able to provide Courtesy, The Cincinnati Shaper Co. figure 4. A high speed squaring shear, with all moving parts, including flywheel, enclosed m guards. SEPTEMBER, 1932 adequate guards for mbcirinery al ready installed and to induce th#s manufacturers to equip new machin ery with the proper safeguards. In Courtesy, The Safety Grinding1 Wheel Machine Co, Figure 7, Modem two wheel grinder with numerous safety features. our purcha.se of equipment, we follow rhe Tufted States Steel Corporation standard requirements for safety and also the codes of the state in which we operate, and we are able hy this means to have all new machinery very well safeguarded when it is in stalled." There are few things more satisfy ing to the safety man's eye than a shapely, smooth-bodied modern ma chine which has* been designed to in corporate the maximum of safety fea tures. Probably we can do no better in a'discussion of "huilding safety into the machine" than to present here as many pictures of these ma chines as the pages of our magazine will hold. The machine shown in Figure 1 is a single head threading machine with lead screw, the work being placed in a vise and gripped hy means of a balanced hand wheel When the proper length of thread has been cut, the die head opens automatically, the lead screw disengages automatically, and this stops the forward movement of the carriage. Provision is made whereby either the die head or the lead screw can immediately be cut out of operation by hand in case of emer gency. The machine is driven through a lever operated friction clutch which also permits of immediately stopping the machine without stopping the motor (or the drive belt in case the machine is belt driven). /is may be clearly seen, the lead screw gear box, chain drive and fric tion clutch are guarded. The guards swing open as needed. The coolant pump is built info the bed of the ma chine, thus eliminating ail pulleys and belts; this pump is a self-contained unit, shaft driven, located directly beneath the lead screw gear box. The die bead of this machine is also guarded by a sheet metal guard which completely covers the outside diam eter of the head, although this guard does not appear in the picture. A great deal has been written about the improvement of power presses and the difficulty of preventing am putation of the unwary operator's lingers. On certain types of presses many plants have secured a very high degree of safety by means of slide feeds and various home-made safe guards. But rhe manufacturer has also steadily advanced in the redesign of the machine, until many of the modern presses are excellent examples of adequate safeguarding. Courtesy, Kearney & Trucker Corp. Figure 8. Milling machine of excel lent safety design. . The greatest possible .safety to the operator is accomplished, of course, by perfecting the operating conditions so that it is not necessary for him to place his hands near the dies or other moving parts. In the machine shown in Figure 2, it is only necessary to keep the magazine (shown at the left ) tilled with blanks; these are then automatically fed to the first opera tion and on through the successive operations until finally discharged into a receptacle, all without the aid of an operator. A reciprocating lateral feed carries the blank or shell to the different die stations, and after the press has made five revolutions, each subsequent stroke gives a com pleted article. (In this picture the guard across the front of the press at point of operation is removed.) Another interesting machine is shown in Figure a boring mill, where the motor is coupled direct to first shaft.of the driving box, without the intervention of gears, sprockets. chains or pulleys and belts, ]] J which are common sources of dangJ All gears are guarded, not one bejj in evidence. The handles are so ranged that they must be moved rhe direction in which the part ,,0l(j trolled by the handle functions, rfa# (voiding confusion on the part of ^ operator. In Figure 4 the machine is a bjgj speed squaring shear. All moviJ parts, gears, flywheel, motor pull<J and belt guards are completely closed. Two control buttons operas the machine. Two slots and a wild depression in the table enable rid handling of work with greater and safety. Another feature of machine is the knife guard, shown id some detail in the inset picture. Thij guard is fastened to the stationary part of the hydraulic holddowns maj fully protects the fingers. Slots arJ (ut in this guard so as to make th<| work visible. ] Figure 5 shows an internal grim# ing machine for handling small work] which is fully automatic with the ception of starring, loading and unj loading, it is an excellent example oj a compact machine, with parts enj closed, the entire unit to he drived by one standard single end motor. Particular attention has been gives to guarding and enclosing units, meeta anisms and belts. Guards that mug be removed for minor adjustments oi service are held with springs and cat be removed without tools. The wori Courtesy. The Feihwwa-tUiar Shaper Cn. Figure 9. Helical cutter sharpening machine with complete automatic con trol. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS f s , i against .splash ami leakage #ui,` t< the table dogs are covered, , U^ .[noKsss--sslitide feeding nierlianism ! j flie | and rims in nil. This it..... llHS hniit-iii motor with ifi' rieal iltrnls, aisii a >rlf- l! T lillll' r(| uater tank iiin111' tin" siit` iuiiits if (lUtiiiimtie I fie drive n-ated within i'he with ill eon- !>*'a ,j adjustments for setting up I, [^etl in trout of the maehme. , '''"w,.idion hearings are provided giving members. ' Hltlont will yon see a lathe with 1 i and attractive contours of ` ^ iU FiglIre This selee' ItW head tool room lathe is arranged 1' "'Vlted motor drive in the leg. AH 10 -nt? parts at the headstoek end of , 0th0ejf ogau.a`hridnse are and fully protected by belt guard covers. ` t good example of a well guarded j "ujjng wheel is shown in Figure 7. | ^ other features eiiaraeterize this minder. One of them is the safety intefioek which automatically cuts off ` ^ power when the grinding wheels *e*r to & predetermined diameter. The other is a changeable speed sys tem which enables the correct surface speed to he re-established by increas ing the r.p.m. of the spindle. This grinder will not run under aDy of the following conditions', (a) when grinding wheel wears to a pre determined diameter, at which point the machine stops automatically; (b) when the operator is changing speeds, no chance therefore of getting caught; (e) when chain tension is not correct, it when the position of motor does not correspond to size of drive iprocket; (d) when size of drive sprocket and position of motor do not correspond to diameter of grinding wheel; (e) when lowest speed is not provided in mounting a new, fullsized wheel. The milling machine, shown in Fig ure 8, has been designed with a high factor of safety to proteet both the t operator and the work. All levers controlling any power movement are operated by pulling outward; acci dentally bumping into any lever will disengage, not engage, a power move- ment. There is no danger from re volving handwheels: all cranks and andwheels are disengaged automaticaUy when power movement is en- Pged. The cross and vertical power movements are interlocked; engaging one automatically trips out the other. The spindle control lever is at a orking height and is operated along ,t horizontal plane--no -stretching or straining to engage it. It is also ad justable to any position around the machine. The spindle control lever operates a brake. ..topping the spindle rotarinii immediately when disen gaged, Hyerilmv of coolant, causing -lippery Moors, is unlikely owing to many large coolant return pockets and ample drain in base. The spiral change gears are completely enclosed, protecting not only the operator but others who pass the *mi of the ma chine table. drivers of the Dahringer Hus & Taxi Company of Ludington, the Michi gan Mutual Class B Trophy for hav ing csiablishetl a record of over half million miles of passenger serviee in 1 D-t 1. over Mime of the most difficult roads in Michigan without an acci dent. The t 'lass (.' Trophy will shortly he presented to the Cray Transporta The final illustration, Figure 9, shows a helical cutter sharpening machine of excellent design. This machine is completely automatic in control and is operated electrically, the reciprocation of the table and the stopping of the reciprocation being controlled through electric switches and relays. There are three motors on this machine, all of the fully en closed type. One, through a reduction gear which is completely enclosed in the bed of the machine, reciprocates the table; the other through an end less belt, which is guarded, drives the wheel spindle; and the third operates the pump for supplying the cooling compound to the wheel and work. The photograph shows the guard over the wheel to proteet the operator in ease of wheel breakage, as well as the splash guards to prevent the com pound being thrown on the Moor. Lit tle, if any, additional guarding is nec essary because of the complete en closure of the working mechanism in the bed of the machine. tion Company, of Niles, for having driven nearly 200,000 miles, carry ing 165,000 passengers during 1931 without an accident. The improved standing of the motorbus industry in Michigan is the result of many contributing factors. Improved and wider road construc tion has eliminated many dangerous curves. Warning markers and many Michigan Motorbuses Are other safety devices, have improved conditions, but by far the most im Becoming Safer portant factor has been the success of convincing the operators and driv OB years insurance companies ers that buses can be operated safely, Fshunned motorbus coverage. It and that safety pays big dividends-- was classed an extremely hazardous not only in building up business, but risk. Today, because of the changes also in automatically lowering insur in the bus industry and effort exer ance rates. cised. the Michigan Mutual Liability Company underwrites property dam age and public liability on motorbus lines operating exclusively in the state of Michigan at a much lower rate than was thought possible a half Military type medals are awarded to individual drivers--bronze for first and second years, silver for third and fourth, and gold for five years or more. Meetings are now held regularly dozen years ago. Organization of operators and drivers, and sponsor ing safety meetings and contests, has helped to bring about a remarkable change. throughout the state, and driver effi ciency has been raised to a very high standard. This campaign has result ed in weeding out drivers with poor records, the securing of a uro're'intei- Recently, J. A. Purdy, director of ligent type, and a phenomenal reduc safety for the Michigan Mutual, pre tion in accidents and building of sented to M. J. Dahringer and fifteen public "good will." SEPTEMBER, 1932 How Accidents Affect Taxpayers! By A. M. NORTHRUP, M. D.* | One of the indirect costs of industrial accidents to the general public is the enlargement of the state department of labor and industry to take care of plant inspection and the supervision of compensation and rehabilitation EVER have we needed closer $100,000 per month in round num N cooperation between safety bers. Naturally, you might ask the councils and other accident questions--"Why do you need it? prevention agencies and the depAanrtd what does it buy?" Both logical ments of state than at this time. Busi questions which every taxpayer ness is in no position at present to should know. meet compensation burdens, nor as Fifty years ago, we were an agri sume additional tax expenditures as cultural nation, busy cutting down the result of accidents in industry. our forests and tilling the soil to feed At many safety meetings, I have our population, and little attention heard discussed the mental anguish, was paid to the small factory or in the depression, the sorrow or suffer dustrial worker. Each person looked ing of the worker, as well as the out for himself or herself, but with anxiety and expense to employers in the growth of our industrial centers, meeting aceident claims; but, in all great mines and factories sprang into this safety work, never yet have 1 being and we began changing from a heard discussed what a terrific cost, rural people into a great manufactur accidents place upon a department of ing nation. Young people deserted state, such as Labor and Industry, the farm for the city; immigrants It might be interesting to refer, began flocking to our shores, and soon briefly, to why employers of Penn far-sighted business men and intelli sylvania attend safety meetings, by gent labor leaders, working in har calling to their attention just what mony with our statesmen, saw the happened last year in this great in necessity of meeting these new condi dustrial state. tions, and enacted the Laws regulat Reported to our compensation de ing industrial conditions. partment during 1931 were some This was the need that in our dif 111.461 accidents, an average of 371 ferent states caused the Departments each working day, or 41 every hour, of Labor and industry to be born, costing $47,254 per day, or $5,250 per and answers question number one as hour. During the past sixteen years, compensation claims have been paid, totalling over $196,000,000. to the necessity. Obligations to industry .Such matters are discussed at most regular .Safety gatherings, but at this time, we are going to be different and state frankly what accidents mean to the taxpayers who supply the cash to run the department of Labor and Industry in the state of Pennsyl vania. At the last session of the legisla ture, a trifle over two million four hundred thousand dollars was appro priated to operate our department for two years, or at the rate of about Most tax payers are more con cerned about what they get for their dollar than the necessity that de mands it. In explanation, our de partment operates eleven bureaus and three boards in fulfilling its obliga tion to our industrial population. Three of these bureaus and the Com pensation Board are directly related to accidents, their prevention and treatment--namely, Inspection, Re habilitation and Compensation. Our Bureau of Inspection, compris Jteoretary Labor and Industry. Pennsyl vania. (Abstract of an address before the Fifth Annual Eastern Pennsylvania Safety Oonterence.i ing some 157 workers, costs annually $387,327; and at least two-thirds of this amount can be said to be used each year in doing inspection W(J recommending safety appliance* 2 is directly concerned in accident 2 vention, costing our taxpayers at 1<2 $258,218. " '1 In our Bureau of Rehabilitate we spend each year about $40,000 a* at least one-half of this amount? used in rebuilding the industrial J fortunate with an artificial leg arm, or giving a vocational train! that will restore his or her usefuloi to M)ciety, at the cost of anoth $20,000 per year. j f What Accidents Cost the Stat< Our Bureau of Compensation is t( clearing house for all industrial ace dents in Pennsylvania, comprising 4 clerks and 12 field adjusters, costa $265,000, Our .14 referees with 3 clerks add another $150,175 to ti annual expense. Three compens tion board members and 7 clerk with the judges and juries to pass o accidents in appeals, cost $94,419. The total of this expense, in th treatment or prevention of accident costs yearly $787,812 <almost $800 000 a year). Our appropriation ro twelve months being $1,200,000 show that two-thirds of our total outla; is directly concerned with accidents What a housecleaning we might hav in the Department of Labor and In dustry if accidents could be elinn nated and this amount of atone; saved for our taxpayers! With all this machinery did yo ever stop to think just what our stat is doing for its people? Our Inspet tion Bureau guards the machine where you work; teaches safety r the many employees and superintend cuts in our mines and mills; protect the lives of your wives and childrei as they go to the theaters, ride u; and down the elevators of our grea skyscrapers; insists on means of exi in assembly halls, or apartment where your family may be sleeping where tire might break out; tests th* higBYprfessure boilers yearly wher* you toil; pulls* Away the poise; gases in the lead, paint, or arseni* plants, so that your lungs may func NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS ! ibm)voufe and healthy to non sn.i k-p ' ! support your io' _ jd about Much the * 'an ,w . After 1|tjr llon-M "f ' Bureau Standards for Mine Timbering SUGGWESETSEDT SVY&STWEMAODf ETP/MABRET&MNE6NOTPOAWF MSLINAETES m MitfCS. Li \ tifliI mljti'iter `ail, .0 .i^n-meut with the msurrrl,.r vi that yiiu ma\ receive M ,1 .Tifi.'n while idle aa re- '"TJ\n,un: ..r if unable to agree, um "an ai-iwar before a referee with Inent Ledieai adv,.wra and pre- vilur case in detail; if justice can- ,,()t iibtained before a referee, jou Z arl-1 to the board for a hearmg .nd have your ease presented. A vbide lot of machinery, that does a hole lot of good, where men must work for a living, even though the ^ to the state is eating up the tax- paver* dollar. The Bureau of Rehabilitation does ,,uch the same. It takes up the load here, compensation leaves off, pro vide* an artificial arm or leg, and in many eaae*, tome vocational training at the expenae of state and national government, that sets the industrial unfortunate on the highway once ore where he can earn a living for biimnif and family. Thaw* bureaus have all been brought into action, after much study, by statesmen, manufacturers, and in telligent labor leaders, and briefly state what you get for your dollar in either preventing accidents or treating the patients after the acci dents hare occurred. fa summing up, we might say that #w department, with its inspection personnel, is the danger signal at the enmraads of industry, flashing its esrnige to all workers, "Stop, look ead listen! lest injury come into your nlst" Like a modern physician, it believes that prevention is far bet ter then cure. For years it has been experimenting with a serum that, in jected into the veins of industry, en deavors to prevent carelessness where f? work with their hands to earn a unng. This serum is called "safe ty. and from our statistics it would Wwjhat we were making some Deifrtment of Labor and Ind*1* wtth people. It rejoices and sympathizes time br ! lt measures unfortL.?" thr?b*i d seeks out the hwS ?,th* baek reets. the mea. wtm? alleys; wherever k in their 5dsTrkmr * Hviae' k _____ mdst- adversity PTraER, 19J2 t<vwn-rUisic,rrts*tturSnHnu^O(rn4.tVeeJuL.0HuOnSirMHrtdaOrfaUw<OtMtaats3 >* SHOWING THE CONDITIONS WHICH MAKE ST NECESSARY TQ POST THE FPiAPLE OWPHAEWN CSOI.AN7DEITPIOONPSTPHEEQOPRIPOETAEDCDTIIOTINONOAfL TOHESTMSiNMEPUSSTWBHEILSEELTOTAODPINPGCWOOUET ATDHEEQCUOAATLE PDStRhIAMOeFETEANETRCSYRTIAOOIONNFNGSt-ES*AMEHLEOLMNULITLNODAEONRASOSLEWUOAASPYESAStoWjfBFrESiPOLKOASESTNTPESTTMANOUSUNSMHTHEBBAPSNEE#DTOINNAFDEKPIEACONPA$DTTrEO$HDW,GEWNAF.AIPLCL$EA,iAtD^WUDtTGWHRECEDHAGTTELSgOYFfOmTFUOflPHUT*C*H-SGEPQHPCF ouMsronmvA. afax t.tttu ULES and standards covering sys agement should constantly be on the R tematic timbering should be estab alert to observe and protect against lished at all mines, says B. M. Lambie,abnormal conditions. In such eases chief, Department of Mines of Westthe foreman in charge should per Virginia. These rules should cover sonally supervise and give special in the minimum requirements and draw ings and sketches should be made to illustrate how and where timbers should be set under normal condi tions. Where this is done the men can be more easily trained to systematic effort. Of course, both men and man- structions. Workmen should be. compelled to use cap pieces over the posts. A cap piece should be no less than three inches in thickness and eighteen Inches long. The chief duty of the cap piece is to act as a cushion over the post and absorb by compression the weight of the roof as it settles. overtakes them, it is there with its compensation to tide them over the interval; when death by accident comes into a home, it is present to take care of the doctor's bill, provide the casket, or care for minor children. It comforts the saddened widow with the thought that the orphans will receive at least a stipend until they have reached their sixteenth year. Like a bridge, it often connects a pleasant past with a hopeful future. It is the Good Samaritan of Indus try that halts by the wayside, places hope in the hand, and sends the dispirited worker on the road to self respect, self support and self con fidence. It has met the industrial changes in the past, faced them squarely as they appeared, and by wise legislation of both labor and capital combined, it has made possible our present compensation machinery. To be most effective, the cap piece should be wide enough to cover en tirely the top of the post. The caps should have the faces coming in con tact with the roof and the top of the post flat and parallel in order that an even, bearing surface may be main tained. When it is necessary to use a wedge it also should be as wide as the post and be inserted between post and cap--never between cap and roof. In most cases posts should be set prior to shooting down the coal, as generally the roof sags because there is too great a distance between room props and the back of cut. This is a source of many accidents and one which can easily be corrected. All entries and airways should be carefully gone over frequently-hj* ex perienced slate men. and wherever timbers are broken or decayed they should be replaced immediately. Helping the Foreman to Help Himsell By MARION W. SMITH Opportunities for displaying true leadership are con tinually presenting themselves to the foreman. Has his training prepared him to take advantage of them HE sympathetic interest and ac managerial responsibilities, including Ttive leadership of those in su instruction. He is interested in shap pervisory positions must be se ing men to fit the requirements of de cured if an effective safety program pisartment methods and the details of to be developed. To this end the ex the work. !f successful, he is either tensive use of foremen conferences a good teacher himself, or he sees to lias proved valuable. In these con it that someone equally competent ferences foremen are encouraged to takes care of the instruction. Too discuss problems of safety without re often foremen look at teaching as of straint. and so determine standard little importance, a thing to get over and adequate safe practice. as quickly as possible so that their Management will quickly realize time may be given to other duties. that by means of the conference meth it is fundamental that the success od foremen acquire the ability to of the safety program depends very teach safety very largely by training largely upon intelligent direction and themselves. They are trained, in the enthusiasm shown by the indi other words, to apply logical reason viduals who play a part in safety ing to the solution of safety problems, work. A single workman may often thus acquainting themselves with the play a star part: and if the attitude theory and practice of analytical pro of all the workmen could be so in cedure involving the simple formula fluenced that they display a personal of cause, effect and remedy. The concern similar to that of their su method invites the participation of pervisors, then the number and sever everyone in the supervisory group, ity of injuries would be limited to with the result that the group think those few accidents beyond human ing is characterized by active mental control. evaluation of the factors discussed, rather th&n by a passive acceptance Cooperation Misunderstood of--or perhaps resistance to---the ideas or plans of one person or official who might address the meeting. The training of foremen to teach safety to their men suggests instruc tion along such lines as: It must be impressed upon all fore men that good will and loyalty are concomitants of cooperation. Many workmen do not understand the meaning of cooperation, which is not surprising, since their foremen sel 1. The philosophy of the safety move ment. 2. Interpretation of company policy. dom can offer anything but a feeble and vague definition of it. Since cooperation becomes apparent in the *i. Technical phases of safety peculiar to the industry. 4. The mechanics of teaching. 3. Fundamentals of leadership in handling men. individual only when he renders vol untarily some additional service after the strict requirements of his job have been met, it is plain that in no ease can cooperation and. good will be se No discussion of the first three seems necessary here, but some bene fit may be derived from a considera tion of the last two. The foreman's job requires the discharge of both supervisory and cured by the power of authority or position. Foremen must be taught that cooperation is an attitude that must be expressed spontaneously and voluntarily, and must therefore be based upon mutual confidence, respect and friendliness. Those personal ac Supervisor, Foremanahip Training*. Wis consin Vocational Schools, Appleton, Wig. tions, mannerisms and traits of con duct which irritate, humiliate .J .iroiise resentment, are certain to duJ mirage cooperation, 1 The safety supervisor has a pro! grant to put over with the foremen! who in turn must put over a part oflj it with the men. Experience ha| shown that foremen as well as work-j men may oppose many provisions fori safe practice, and it is therefore the business of the safety supervisor, after winning over the occasional opposition of foremen, to teach them in. turn how to overcome the opposition of their workmen. Making Minor Concessions A principle of practical applied, psychology may here be used, some-1 times described as that of "making minor concessions." Opposition may be disarmed by asking with apparentseriousness for requirements slightly beyond the actual needs of a situa tion. and then, when opposition lias developed its full scope, some minor* points may be conceded. The result* is a sufficient satisfaction on the part of opponents to make them readily agree to the major and actually im portant provisions of a proposed* safety program. Human beings crave appreciation, regardless of how taciturn, domineer ing or positive their personalities may be. Cultivating a sympathetic atti tude toward others, therefore, regard ing their problems and their view points will go a long way toward building up a cooperative spirit. Al though. enforcing strictly the require ments of safe practice, ill will and antagonism may be minimized if the supervisor will make it apparent to workmen that he appreciates their difficulties in observing safe methods which necessarily may seem awkward or inconvenient. When training foremen in safe practice, consider their point of view: and include in. their instruction an explanafcbff that when they, in turn, try to sell a proposition to others, it will be well to consider any probable reaction to the idea in advance of its NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS I 31 analyzing the job for safer practice Srtciiin* Job r operation meeting the sheet >th the H*ht line. Hazards--Kind of injuries and how they happen. The platform on the lino ends at the raek rail. When a wide sheet is on rhe maehine the sheet in near the mil and i|m*s not leave much room to vrand and if operator is not artful when eominfif through the loops, he may step off and break a iejj or arm or some other injury may result. Safe Practice--How to do the job safely. Watch your step when coming through the loops and do not be iu too big a hurry, and always look for the end of the platform. Replacing o r f(*piring t (> P raek chains. Tu replacing nr repairing top rack chains one must use a lad der, and since ladders have a ten dency to slip, serious falls may result. A safe way to do this is to have some? one to hold the iadde?r or to have a ladder hook rail put up at! along the line on both sides and have ladders the right length with hooks on one end to hook over this rail. This last would be more safe than having some one hold the ladder, and would also save extra man for some other job. ing asked to assist in solving safety problems, and their ingenuity and ex perience may be made not only an asset, but a very satisfactory cause of growing friendliness and coopera tion. it is scarcely reasonable to expect people to become enthusiastic about something in which they have no part. Both .safety engineers and foremen who wax enthusiastic over some idea or scheme--usually their own--are sometimes surprised and disappointed when others do not agree with them. Foremen should lie impressed with the importance of letting the other fellow think that he has invented the idea; or at least arrange so that as many persons as possible may partici pate in working out the problem, and so share in the glory. Oiling and Greasing. Fingers and arms caught in belts, chains, gears and sprockets. Sot paying attention to work. Slipping on loose things or grease or oil. Ho all unsafe work when ma chine is down. Never fool or look around when oiling or greas ing a machine that is in opera tion. Never work around gears, sprockets, belts, chains, or any machinery with loose sleeves or torn clothing. [Tge all safeguards and be sure to put guards back in place after taking off to do any work that cannot lie done without removing them. Working in line* on chain* and sprockets. Getting fingers or foot caught by taking hold of chain too close to sprocket, or getting foot caught between sprocket and floor. Hither take hold of chain on each side of sprocket or back far enough so as not to get hand* caught when putting chains on loose sprockets. Greasing top rick drives. Getting caught in chains or gears or sprockets. Falling off ladders by grease .gun slipping off fitting, or ladder slipping when working grease gun and failing into moving parts. Always stand in position so as not to slip into gears if anything does happen. Best way is to do this work during wash up or Sundays. This is very unsafe work. Use only safe ladders. actual presentation. It is possible, by anticipating opposing arguments or tacts that may be presented, and by stating those ideas yourself at the same time that the new plan is pre sented, to wholly disarm an opposi tion which has had no opportunity to express itself. Abundant opportunities to display true leadership continually present themselves when establishing safe practices for employees. The true leader is far more interested in in fluencing and controlling the action of others than in posing as an im portant person claiming credit for the success of safety methods in the Plant. Too much time can be .spent in proving to ourselves that we are superior to our associates. Why not make someone else feel important! The average supervisor or foreman will have a friendly and sympathetic attitude toward anyone who confirms his own private opinion that he is an important fellow in the plant. To capitalize fully upon this very human characteristic, it will often be found advisable to arrange oppor tunities for others, both foremen and workmen, to achieve small successes iu safety projects, and to give them the full measure of the glory. Fore men should be encouraged to apply this method with their men. The men will appreciate the compliment in be Poor Leadership As an example of poor leadership, one foreman who was in charge of about 50 men and women urged his employees strongly to attend the local safety school which was in session. When few attended, he vented his displeasure in `'razzing-' every work er who suffered an injury, slight or otherwise. The workers became re sentful and it is said that consider able pleasure was manifested when this foreman later suffered an acci dent through his own carelessness. Ridicule should never be used on em ployees, for it wounds not only van ity but self-respect, and creates either an active or passive opposition, either of which is detrimental to a safety program. The experience of the Appleton Coated Paper Company, Appleton. Wisconsin, may be quoted as a fair example of the application of the principles explained here. In this plant of about 250 employees, the management decided that although their safety record was good, it could be improved. The progressive char acter of this company's policies is reflected in the fact that some years ago they adopted a plan of training their foremen in problems of super vision and management by the con ference method. The foremen were called together and plans discussed. All were agreed that more interest and enthusiasm on the part of the rank ajgijilp of em ployees should result in fewer lost- time. accidents, and they approved V plan which would encourage partici pation in the safety program by near- SEPTEMBER, 1932 !y every worker in most of the depart ments. The foremen talked to their men and asked their help in improving the already good record by analyzing for the company the hazards of every job and operation and suggesting ac cident- i-auses and remedies. The workmen were willing enough, but ex pressed doubt of their ability to han dle the work. A simple form was given ro each man, with columns and headings representing operations, hazards, causes and suggested safepractice. They all understood that any suggested safe practice would be that to which the workmen would have no objection if adopted as stand ard practice. To a man they returned the sheets complete, some making out three or four pages of suggestions. A FEW OF THE CONGRESS SPEAKERS hi J. Mehren, president, Portland Cement Association, Chicago, j 2) Alice L. Edwa executive, secretary, American Home Economics Association, \\ iluam J coper, mtssioner, Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, Washington, D-. u >4) ,r, Hanna, president. American Electric Hallway Association and capital Traction i o, Publishing the Suggestions Conferences were then conducted with the various groups, the data col lected being evaluated and final con clusions reached which met with the approval of almost every man pres ent. The suggestions were compiled in booklet form and distributed to workers, and the management re ports that the safe practices recom mended have been studied and adopt ed by the men in a very satisfactory manner. The foremen and manage ment in general were very careful to give the workmen full credit for their analysis and suggestions, at the same time giving them to understand that the value of the safe practices would be tested by the consistent way in which they were followed. The whole work covered a period of about three months. Plenty of time was afforded each man, but to main tain a peak interest a conference was held at least once a week with some group. Two conferences were held during the survey with the foremen only, three with the coating room group, and one each with the calender department, machine shop, mainte nance department, finishing room, color room, and power plant. Discipline of a high order should always be maintained and safe prac tice. should be made mandatory, after being announced, regardless of the source from which the procedure originated. However, less supervision is required to enforce rules suggested by the. working force than similar rules made by management in which the workers have had little or no part. ti Hon, Harold Cl. Hoffman, Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, New Jersey. *2) Dr. Waits .'larfce, American Social Hs'Kiene Assn. (31 Dr. Charles W. Sljst,Sf'leV`:vwaUonJleffiS Mueatton. Maryland Department of Education. (41 John A. Krats, Chief, vocational Kehab^ tatlon Kederal Board for Vocational Education, Washington, U>. t . <1> Mary Emma Smith, R. N.. Director of Nursins Activities, National Society for the Pn ventlon of Blindness. .2) Paul Wooton, Washington correspondent, McGraw Hill Public tions, a) C&dwaiLader Evans, Jr., General Manager, The Hudson t.nal ^o., Scranton. P* ,4) t. Z, Franklin, Manager, Special Hazard Dept., The Automobile insurance i o,, Hartfort Conn. , i) Dr. Robert Arthur Elwood, Founder-Pastor, the Boardwalk Church, Atlantic City, N. J f2) E. P. Prezzano, Vice-president, Westchester Lighting Co. <3> W. O. LeBer, Canadiai National Railways, Montreal, Que. *4) J. C, Wilson, Vice-president. Lumbermen's Mutna Casualty Co., Chicago. NATIONAL SAFETY NEW!  Harris & Swing The Safety Spirit of '32 Will Be Shown at Washington, October 3--7 The Twenty-first Annual Safety Congress will year is attracting thousands of tourists to the be held because it fills a real need in the con capital to visit the national shrines associated tinuous campaign for the prevention of accidents. with the first president. The economic difficulties which have confronted Never before has such an attractive setting both corporations and individu been arranged for an annual als have not lessened the need Underwood & Underwood Safety Congress. The Ward- for concentrated safety effort. man Park and Shoreham hotels, With the Congress two months located at Woodley Road and in the future, hundreds have Connecticut Avenue, Northwest, shown the "safety spirit of '32" overlook a beautiful panorama by writing to Council headquar of parks, boulevards, govern ters for reduced fare certificates ment buildings, and the Potomac and by making hotel reserva River. Here, remote from the tions through the Greater Na noise of street traffic yet only a tional Capital Committee in few minutes from the business Washington. center of Washington, the dele Many who have long had a de gate will find adequate accom sire to visit the nation's capital modations for the business, side have postponed their vacations of the Congress and plenty of until Congress time when busi- opportunities for enjoyment and nss and pleasure can be so relaxation between sessions. agreeably combined. The two Golf, tennis, swimming and rid hundredth anniversary of the ing are available for those who hirth of George Washington this enjoy these sports, while those S3 34 who merely wish to rest will find the quiet, clublike atmosphere of the headquarters hotels con ducive to relaxation. The Congress program, the preliminary edi tion of which is published as Part II of this issue of the National Safety News, lists 41 general and sectional programs with a total of 120 ses sions. General sessions will be held Monday morning and afternoon and Wednesday afternoon. As usual, the Congress will open with the Annual Meeting of Members, followed by the All-Congress luncheon. Afternoon sessions are General Round Table, Industrial Health, and Street and High way Traffic. On Wednesday afternoon the following sessions will be held: Advanced Safety Engineering, In dustrial Health, Fire Prevention, and Street and Highway Traffic. Evening events scheduled include the tradi tional President's Reception and Dance, Monday; a technical session of the A.S.S.E.-Engineering Section, Tuesday; the Annual Banquet, Wednes day, and the "Frolic Party" Thursday. The fea ture this year will be held as a dinner dance in true cabaret style at the Wardman Park Hotel. The dinner will be served at regular evening prices without cover charge. The principal speaker at the Annual Banquet will be Dr. Robert Arthur Elwood, founder-pastor of the Boardwalk Church, Atlantic City, N. J. Dr. Elwood has gained a wide reputation as an in spirational speaker. Details of the general and sectional programs will be found in Part II of this issue. Of more than ordinary importance is the series of lectures on safety in foremanship to be held Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday mornings at 8:30. M. J. Kane, plant training engineer for the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, will conduct the classes. Another unusual feature will be a demonstration of dust explosions at the government testing station at Arlington, Va.. on Tuesday afternoon, October 4. This demonstra tion, planned originally as part of the Food Sec tion program, has been opened to all who are interested. Trophies will be awarded to winners of accident prevention contests in the Marine, Metals, Paper and Pulp, Petroleum, Public Utilities, Rubber and Fleet Owners' Sections. The trophies will be un veiled at the Annual Meeting of Members and presented at sectional meetings. Those who have not yet written to Council head quarters for reduced fare certificates, are urged to do so promptly. These certificates, which are good for a return trip ask'one and one-half fare, are good starting September 28 to October 5, with a 30-day return limit. Stop-over privileges can be arranged with the local agent. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 35 fhe Wonders of Washington There is always a giamour surrounding a na tional capitol. Here is the seat of government ,vjth its magnificent public buildings; here is the 'enter of a colorful social and diplomatic life which is intriguing to the outsider. Washington has all of these fascinations for the outsider. It differs from most capitals in that it vvas planned while others just grew. Many of the old world capitals were centers of government when mythology began to develop into history 5Ut Washington was built to house the govern ment of a new nation. In most European coun tries the capital is also the metropolis, the center of financial and commercial acivity for the nation. In Washington, however, the principal business is that of government and other activities are inci dental. Washington has less to interest the antiquarian than many cities. Boston and Philadelphia are richer in historic lore of the more picturesque periods of American history. But in looking over the relics of the barbarous past which have been preserved in the old world one is likely to come to the conclusion that a country is just as well off without too much history. Washington, however, has seen plenty of his tory since the beginning of the nineteenth cen tury. The capital was still young when it experi enced the ravages of war. Fifty years later hos tile forces again threatened the city but it escaped capture. Within the memory of thou sands now living, Pennsylvania Avenue has seen the triumphant parades of the veterans of three wars. Memories of Lincoln abound in Washington. On the site of Ford's Theater, the scene of his assas sination, now stands a museum with a large and interesting collection of relics of Lincoln and the Civil War period. And across the Potomac are Alexandria and Mount Vernon with their memo ries of the first president. Arlington, with its classic amphitheater, the national cemetery and the tomb of the unknown soldier, is also the object Harris & Ewing Located on Mount Saint Alban, the most command ing elevation in ike District of Columbia, is Wash ington Cathedral. of many a patriotic pilgrimage. Going deeper into Virginia we find Fredericksburg, with more mementos of Washington and of the Civil War, the Wilderness battlefield, and Richmond, the capi tal of the Confederacy. Nature provided a site of more than ordinary scenic beauty and man has taken full advantage of it. On the bank of the Potomac has grown a city more magnificent than Washington and Pierre L'Enfant ever visioned. The statesman SEPTEMBER, 1932 The Union Station and Plaza. The visitor's first view of Washington on leaving the station is most impressive. (8 Underwood & Underwood The Wardman Park Hotel where most of the Congress sessions will be held. The Shoreham, the other head quarters hotel, is across the street at the right. and the architect were a century ahead of their time in their ambitions for the new capital. The broad avenues they laid out were in marked con trast to the narrow thorough fares of other cities of that day. Yet it is doubtful whether Washington or L'Enfant fore K saw the motor age. And the public buildings! They range from the command ing majesty of the capital and the venerable dignity of the White House to the practical but pleasing modernism of the De partment of Commerce building. Among the public buildings is one recognized architectural blunder, the State, War and Navy building, an over-ornate survival of a dark age of architecture. Washington puts her best foot forward. The visitor's first view of the city is inspiring. The Union Station itself is a noble structure in keep ing with the architectural standards of the city. Leaving the vast concourse the visitor sees framed between the pillars of the facade the familiar Harris & Ewln* There are a hundred libraries in Wash ington fmt the Congressional Library stands at the top. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS , beauty and historic atsociation* atdue t0 mc,ke Mount Vernon one of t`<, the nation's greatest shrines. (jorne of the Capitol--an unfor gettable sight. The Union Sta tion Plaza development, not yet completed, is an important part of the city beautiful. Space does not permit a de tailed description of the many sights of Washington. Guide books are readily obtainable and there will be ample opportunities for sightseeing, both for private parties and for the regular tours. However, a few of the outstand ing features of the capital might be mentioned here. Outstanding among the sights of Washington is the U. S. Capitol. Picture post cards and periodical illustrations have made it the best known building in the United States. Its location on Capitol Hill is superb; it is undoubt edly the most impressive building in Washington, and it is one of the outstanding capitol buildings of the world. The grounds, 60 acres in extent, deserve as much attention as the building itself. Almost equal to the capitol in importance and interest is the White House. At first designed as the president's home, it has come to be the executive offices of the government. Its history as a governmental building dates back to 1800 when the government was moved from Philadel phia. At that time there were little more than one hundred government employees. Today there are half a million. A third sight always associated with the capital is the Washington monument. This impressive Underwood & Underwood obelisk, which may be observed from points miW away, is set in a beautiful park known as Sylvan Theater. The monument rises to a height of 55514 feet and may be ascended either by elevator or by stairway. Many departments of the United States gov ernment have made important contributions to accident prevention. The safety service of the Bureau of Mines to the mining industry is well known. Its personnel, scattered throughout the country at numerous stations, has been instru mental in saving many lives in mine disasters. Even more important has been its teaching of first aid and mine rescue work in the industry. The Bureau of Standards, with its unequalled facilities for making tests, has helped to establish safety standards for many materials and safety codes for many industries. The Department of Agriculture has for many years cooperated with iirrrr'HL-" The Arlington Memorial Bridge, with the Lincoln Memorial in the background. SEPTEMBER, 1932 (9 Harris & Ewing The nrpartnu^ of Agriculture industry in studying the causes of dust explosions and has aided in the development of safety codes for industries confronted with this hazard. In the development of safer transportation, the Inter state Commerce Commission has played a con spicuous part. The Congressional Library ranks among the great libraries of the world. No library surpasses it in the size of building or in the number of books. Some of the finest mural paintings in the world are to be found in its corridors. It is pa tronized by persons from all parts of the country who come to Washington to carry on research work, and by many visitors from other countries. Another important institution in the intellectual life of the capital and of the nation is the Smith sonian Institution group. This group in itself is a vast field for study and research. The buildings of this group are the Smithsonian Institution proper, the National Museum of Natural History! building, the National Museum of Arts and Indus.! tries, the Aircraft Building, and the Freer Gallery! of Art. 1 The Lincoln Memorial at Potomac Park with! Its beautiful grounds and remarkable reflecting! pools form one of the great sights of the capital.] The Memorial is a classic Grecian structure with! a main hall sixty by seventy feet with a colossal1 statue of Lincoln seated in a chair. Another of the sights of Potomac Park is the) Speedway, one of the most interesting drives in the entire country. From the Speedway the motorist has a view of three thousand cherry trees bordering the Tidal Basin. Connecting the capital with historic spots in Virginia is the Arlington Bridge, 90 feet wide and 2,150 feet long. Within a few minutes drive is the city of Alexandria which has preserved much of the atmosphere of the past. George The George Washington Na tional Masonic Memorial. (> Underwood & Underwood The Smithsonian Institution group pro vides unusual opportunities for research in the arts and sciences. Even a brief visit will add to any person's educational background. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS rte Bureau of Engraving and Printing, tfere re printed the postage sta-mns, pcncV, passports and government 1 bonds. Washington's life was thoroughly [lientiried with the life of Alexanilria. Here was the church at which he worshipped and the Masonic lodge of which he became the tirst worshipful master. Many of the old landmarks of revolutionary days have been preserved, and to see the town is to get a glimpse of the early history of the country. To see the George Washington Rational Masonic Memorial has been declared by many to be well worth a trip to Washington. Its tower rises more than 300 feet in the air and its beacon light may be seen for many miles. No trip to Washington is complete without a visit to Mount Vernon. The personality of George Washington still lingers in the buildings and grounds of Mount Vernon. Few locations pro vide more attractive natural scenery than the view of the river from the porch. Many of the original furnishings have been preserved in the historic mansion. In the side of the hill, over looking the great sweep of the Potomac, is the last resting place of George and Martha Wash ington. The side trip into Virginia will include, of course, a visit to Arlington. In the national ceme tery are buried thousands of the nation's dead, men of all ranks whose resting places are marked by simple white headstones to show that they 39 ' 1 ............ \> Harris St Ewin^r have served their country. On the platform of the majestic amphitheater is the tomb of the un known soldier which receives the homage of visi tors from every country in the world. The trip back to Washington from Alexandria and Arlington by Fairfax and Great Falls is one of intense interest. Here in Fairfax is the his toric old court house of the days of George Wash ington, and here was the meeting place of the leaders of the revolution. Great Falls is a minia ture Niagara in the Potomac River, and its cas cades and beautiful park attract thousands an nually. Washington is a city of superlatives. To see it is an important addition to any person's educa tion. I I' SEPTEMBER, 1932 The Department of Commerce BnUding -- the world's largest office building. 40 HOTELS AND RATES Rooms with bath only. Numbers refer to the above map. No HOTEL Single i. Wardman Park ............ $4.00 2. Shoreham ...................... 4.00 3. Meridian Mansions ..... 4.00 4. Roosevelt ......... ........... 3.00 5. Chasdeton................... - 2.50 6. Cairo ............................. ...... n Grafton ...................... -- 8. Martinique .... .............. 2.50- 3.50 9. Colonial (New) ........... 3.00- 3.50 10. Burlington .............. -- 3.50 11. Mayflower .................... 4.00- 5.00 12. Blackstone ................... 3.00- 3.50 13. Lee House ................... 3.50 14. Carlton ......................... 4.00 15. Lafayette...................... 4.00 Double $6.00 6.00 6.00 4.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 4.00- 5.00 4.00- 5.00 5.00 6.00- 7.00 5.00- 6.00 5.00 6.00 5.00 16. Ambassador ...... 3.50 17. Hamilton ___ .......... 3.00- 3.50 18. Powhatan .......... 3.50 19. Washington ..... .......... 4.00- 5.00 20. Willard ............. .......... 4.00- 6.00 21. Annapolis ...... . ........... 3.00 22. Ebbitt ........ ..... ........... 2.50- 3.00 23. Harrington ...... . ....... . Z50- 4.00 24. Raleigh .......... . __ ___ 3.00 25. Houston ........... .......... 2.50- 3.00 26. Dodge ..... .......... 3.50- 5,00 27. Driscoll ............. 3.00 28. Winston ........... ........... 3.50 29. Continental....... ........... 2.50- 3.00 30. Capitol Park..... ............ 2.50- 3.00 31. Commodore ..... ........... 2.50- 4.00 5.00 5.00 6.00 6.00- 8.00 6.00- 7.00 5.00 4.00- 5.00 3.50- 5.00 4.50 4.00- 7.00 5.00- 7.00 5.00 -5.00 4.00- 5.00 4.00- 5.00 4.00- 6.00 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Head Protection Pays +1 Three of the Seven Models of M-S-A Protective Hats and Caps DOUGHBOY HAT For use in metal mines, in oil field derrick work, for relining refinery stills and con struction work in general. ANOTHER SERIOUS HEAD INJURY AVERTED! This miner was caught under a heavy fall of roof which knocked him violently to the ground but his DOUGHBOY HAT saved his head from injury. M-S-A Protective Hats and Caps Are Reducing Head Injuries Many of our friends have informed us of unusual instances where the use of M-S-A PROTECTIVE HATS and CAPS have averted serious head injuries ... No matter what the job may be, if it in any way involves the possibilities of head injuries, we strongly recommend that Adequate Head Protection be provided before work is started. M-S-A PROTECTIVE HATS and CAPS are available in seven different models. Write for descriptive literature and details. BE SURE TO SEE THE M-S-A DISPLAY At the Wishinjton Congress and Exposition ssme Safety ^p^jfjppliances Ca BtuMtch Thomas amtAfeaate Sts* Pittsburgh, Pm. "EVERYTHING for MINE and INDUSTRIAL SAFETY" SEPTEMBER, 1932 TYPE *'B** SKULLGARD A new, light-weight protective cap devel oped especially for the coal mining industry. TYPE "C SKULLGARD A new light-weight protectiS^-t&p, with flexible brim, especially adaptable to metal mining operations. 42 The Plant Physicians Big Job By LOYAL A. SHOUDY, M. D.* industrial medical supervision means more than the main tenance of plant clinics and the bandaging of cuts and bruises, ft means the balancing of the industry, and the physician should be the weighmaster of all human material HERE is a wide range of opinion The cost of preventable illness is Tconcerning the scope of activities appalling. According to the IJ. S. of an industrial medical depart Commission of Industrial Relations, ment. Some organizations seem thoe average worker loses about nine feei that the doctor's work should be days each year bv sickness alone. The confined to the small clinic which he loss to thirty million workers, then, conducts during the day. Others feel figuring wages at only $2 per day, that he should go out into the plant plus $1 for medical attention, amounts and see what is being done and how to over ninety million dollars annu it is being done. ally. To this add the effect of the I firmiy believe that the doctor illness upon the man's vigor and effi should go out into the plant. He ciency, upon the welfare of his family, should know the plant and the re and upon the efficiency of the indus quirements of the various operations try in which he is engaged. These involved in turning out the final figures point out, more or less, the product. loss in dollars and cents, but to be Medical supervision of any indus properly understood you must put it try does not mean merely the main all in terms of human suffering. tenance of piant clinics and the band The human scrap heap cannot be aging of cuts and bruises. Today it melted over and turned into a new means the balancing of the industry, form. Human scrap must remain a and the physician should be the by-product of the industry. Have master weighman of all human ma not these men who give their daily toil terial used in the plant. to the industry some call upon that Let the medical department be re industry to give them safe working sponsible for: conditions ? 1. Plant sanitation and hygiene (ad visory). 2. Physical examination before employ ment and placement of men from the standpoint of physical fitness. $ Health committee (determination of titnesa for work and education In personal hygiene). 4. Hospitals. i>, Visiting nurses. The relation of plant sanitation and hygiene to accidents is the relation of direct proportion. Under hygiene. I class preventable diseases. We are aware that sickness causes more losttime from the average plant than ac cidents, and I feel that in a great piany cases sickness, like accident, tjould be prevented. "Chief of Medical Service, Bethlehem Steel Corporation. (Abstract of an address before the Metropolitan Chapter, American Society of Safety Englnfiers--felngineerins Section, National Safety Council.) Four Supervision Factors Medical supervision of plant sani tation and hygiene should look after: 1. The occupational hazards of disease, list) Workers In harmful substances; (b) Workers under harmful condi tions. 2. Irregularity of employment. 3. Unheaithfu! working conditions. 4* Mental working conditions. Scarcely any line of work in mod ern manufacturing is .entirely free from the danger of industrial poison ing. If the shop is filled with fumes or gases, or the air laden with dust, or the mental attitude of the boss is wrong, is it right that men should be compelled to wchsjt in these places and cause accidents to their health? If the craneman, perched high above where the rising smoke and fumes fill his cage and slide him, should start his crane too soon and injure some one below, is he the cause of the accident ? Can a man give his best when working under these conditions--or when his boss drives and cusses him! ff a man breathes fumes and dust for six hours, is it any wonder That accidents occur? These Lead to Accidents How can we prevent all this? Rv proper supervision. The resuits will be direct. Proper supervision will cut down the list of these conditions. It will remove dust and fumes from the worker at the first signs of danger, and will place all known methods of protection around him. Harmful conditions--bad ventila tion, eye strain, muscle strain, nerve strain--these ail bear directly on ac cidents. For example, a worker, overheated, passes out into the cold of a winter day and develops pneu monia. On recovery he is anxious to return, and does so too soon. His heart and lungs are not in condition to withstand the needs of the body. He becomes fatigued, fails and strikes his head on the floor or some object. The result--a fractured skull, an in dustrial accident; and in direct rela tion to medical supervision, because if medical supervision is complete, such a man will not return to work after sickness without a permit from the piant physician. Fatigue is an important factor in industrial accidents. It may be caused by iong hours, poor ventilation, noise, or excessive effort. Trying to main tain too fast a pace for long periods produces body waste products more rapidly than they can be removed, followed by exhaustion of the poi soned body cells. Then comes lack of physiological function -- and acci dents. It is always a question, of course, just how far medical super vision can go in seeing that conditions of work do hoi endanger employees. Foremen often want tb push the worker to faster speed, or hold him on for an extra shift, failing to realize NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS First Aid To The Injured--Mercurochrome! 4 FEW drops of red prevention (Mercurochrome) will safeguard scratches, minor cuts and skin abrasions from dangerous infections and provide an effective pro phylactic treatment. Merchurochrome is for general use as an efficient antiseptic. Mercurochrome does not burn, irritate or injure tissue in open wounds. The stain shows clearly where the germicide has been applied and also fixes the bactericidal agent in the field for a relatively permanent period. We shall be glad to send a free sample of Mercurochrome in the handy applicator bottle. Use will convince you of its superior quality. HYNSON, WESTCOTT & DUNNING Incorporated BALTIMORE, MARYLAND HYNSON, WESTCOTT & DUNNING, Inc. Dept. S, Baltimore, Md. Gentlemen: PImm send me free Mercurochrome Applicator Bottle for personal me. Name *........... -.............. *.............. .*..*..**.............. ................................................. Company ............... ......,........................................................ ....................................... ................................. Address .................................................. ........................................................................... SEPTEMBER, 1932 44 that there is a limit to a man's work ing capacity. It is hard tor the doc tor to stop such practice, but he can, by working through the safety direc tor, prevent this and other injurious customs. If the doctor has talked over such situations with the safety director, it will seldom happen that, when men are working in pairs, a heavy and a light man will be put together, or that boys are doing men's work. Hazards May Be Lessened Granted that many of these evils are bound to exist, then the relation of medical supervision must be to the end that the best adjustments pos sible shall be obtained. In places where dust and fumes are necessarily present, medical supervision should provide proper coverage for the mouth and nose, or remove or lessen the hazard. A study of the available statistics on the effects of dust and fumes is convincing, that if you will provide the proper protection you will lessen the accidents and loss of life in this field. One of the most serious problems bearing directly on health and acci dents in the plant is the hiring and firing of men. This is an expensive business, bad alike for the industry and the worker. Industry should in vestigate the labor turnover and as certain whether it really costs as much or more under the present sys tem to fire as to hire men. Find out if it is not better business to fit the man to the job than the job to the man, Employment and medical super vision as to physical examination go hand in hand. Under the usual sys tem of employment, when a man ap plies for a job, if he can answer a few questions about previous experience, he is hired and placed at work. What is the result? He may prove physi cally fit and survive, or he may not. In some cases, too. this man may have been discharged the previous day from some other department in the same large plant, and for good rea son. Suppose this applicant has a slight enlargement indicative of her nia. but is placed on a job where heavy lifting is required. The result is an accident---hernia. With medi cal supervision, physical examina tion would have prevented this. Again, the applicant applies and is given the once-over by the employ ment bureau and passes mi to the shop, perhaps as craneman. No one asks about eyesight or knows that his vision is far below normal. Perhaps lie does not realize this himself. He goes on the job. and through his poor vision his crane goes too far. or not far t-nmigh, so that men below are struck. A good system of medical supervision and physical examination would have prevented this. Again, a man with a cardiac condi tion is looked over, the usual ques tions asked, and he is passed on to the shop. The foreman needs men; true, but he needs efficient men, suited for the job. The cardiac applicant goes to work, and in his desire to make good, overdoes himself, falls. There is a regrettable accident. Physical examination in relation to employment will: 1. Prevent new employees from bring ing contagious diseases into the fac tory. 2. Keep out grossly defective men whose defects make them unfit for any job. 3. Point out defects to the new man and help him to remedy them and to increase his efficiency. 4. Pit the man to the job. This question of physical examina tion has been much discussed, and rightly so. It is really the man's in troduction to his job; and here, with the right physician doing the exami nation, much of the health work and much of the accident prevention work can be put across. Labor Turnover Diminished Medical examinations are of value in reducing labor turnover which is particularly high in hazardous occu pations. I have found that when you provide medical examination and watch for signs that point to indus trial hazards--removing workers who may be exposed to lead poisoning, for example, to other departments upon their showing signs of blood disturb ances such as anemia, and not waiting for the occurrence of marks and un mistakable trouble--labor turnover is diminished. Employees come to know and appreciate that they are watched over with medical foresight. But, above all, medical examination throws light upon factory conditions that menace health and safety. The idea of pre-employment physi cal examinations is spreading from the larger industrial groups into those with relatively small personnel. This is true in spite of the difficulty of dp. termining standard physical require, meats. Such standards will vary according to requirements of the several industries and even the jobs within the industry. The impairments of any particular individual at the time of examination may be grouped, for simnlioity, under two headings; 1. Minor impairments (correctable and uon-eorrefttabie'}. Major impairments < correctable and noii-correctable). Difficult Social Problems It is a general rule in the course of pre-employment examinations, when physical or mental conditions are found indicating the person to be a menace to himself or others, to property or service, that employment should not be recommended. But there may be another answer to this, where the interruption or modification of the employment due to infirmities would not involve other employees, property or service. The decision not to recommend employment is really one of the hardest social problems we have, and industry must realize that a part of the community burden of idleness must be industrially borne. You may find that the single pre employment examination is only a part of the answer to physical ques tions concerning the employee. This is particularly evident through con sideration of the group of major im pairments. I am fully convinced that the physical examination for employ ment is of greater value when you have also the so-called periodical ex amination and a check on the man, both from his standpoint and that of the industry. The part played by the plant clinic and the first-aid work depends very much upon the ability of the person nel. The right doctor and the right nurse can go far in helping the safety department in its accident prevention program. Bender skillful treatment in any accidents that occur, and then impress upon the man to be careful that the thing does not happen again. Treatment should be such and the lesson ke put over in such a way that he will not allow small wounds to be come infected and that he will keep small accidents small. The clinic pre sents the docto? with many opportu nities for safety teaching, both as to mechanical and physical conditions. (Please turn to page "75rT " ~ NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Safe Footing E- -- ______ rnmmmm by SUSPENSION from Galvanized Steel Cables Gold Medal Junior Swinging Scaffold by FIXED PLATFORM by VERTICAL EXTENSION Gold Medal Portable Telescoping Tower GoldMedal Gold Medal SAFETY PLATFORM LADDER THE PATENT SCAFFOLDING COMPANY Chicago 1550 Dayton St. Long Island City, N. Y. 3821 Sherman Street Boston Philadelphia Atlanta Pittsburgh St. Louis SEPTEMBER, 1932 Delinquency or Disease? By NELS A. NELSON, M. D/ Those who suffer from venerea! diseases must be accepted as sick people who may be saved to industry instead of moral driftwood to be cast into discard HILE there is nothing' defi must be evident that that part of the Wnitely known confernine the population which goes to make up the prevalence of gonorrhea and majority of employees in industry-- syphilis in industry, and no acncaumraetley, the age group between 15 and estimate in figures ean be made as to 40 years--must be suffering the most. what these twm diseases may be cost ing industry, it seems perfectly sound to assume that they are responsible for enormous economic loss. it has been attempted to estimate the cost to industry of these diseases on a basis similar to loss of time in the army due to these infections. Inas much, however, as discovery of infec tion in soldiers and their removal from their occupations until cured, whether they like it or not, ean be accomplished very effectively, it is scarcely fair to apply estimates of time lost, in the army to time lost in the civil industrial population, where individuals can and do easily conceal their infections and ordinarily keep on working for a long time in spite of them. Therefore, the only practical way to judge just how prevalent syphilis and gonorrhea may be in industry must necessarily be based on statis tics concerning these diseases in the general population. We know that, inadequately reported as they are, gonorrhea and syphilis are on the face of reports each more prevalent than any other communicable disease ex cept perhaps the common cold and its complications. We know that proba bly one out of every ten persons in the country has syphilis and that it is believed by competent authorities that the majority of men have had, have, or will have gonorrhea at some time during their lives. We know that about a million peo ple are constantly at any given time under treatment for one of these dis eases, and that 90 per cent of the reported cases are in the group be tween 15 and 40 years of age. It ^Massachusetts Department of Health, Boston, Maas, Abstract of an address be fore the Engineering Section, Massachusetts Safety Council, Knowing the disastrous results to the individual of untreated or inade quately treated venereal disease, we can appreciate the loss which must he borne by industry through these dis eases in terms of turnover, time lost due to actual incapacity and decrease in efficiency. Whether or not there is a direct loss to industry in terms of compensation paid for accidents or unreasonably prolonged illness due to these infections, cannot be determined until industry, through its insurance companies, will compile available sta tistics. The most important first step in do ing something about this problem must be the creation of a new atti tude toward those who are afflicted. It is too generally believed that these diseases are synonymous with sin. There are, of course, innumerable ex amples of innocently acquired syph ilis, such as congenital infections, in fections of nurses, doctors and den tists in pursuit of their professions, infections through kissing, etc., and of innocent infections with both dis eases that result through marriage. Consequently, it is dangerous and un fair to assume in any given case that moral delinquency has been the basis of infection. Many industrial sick benefit agen cies provide that benefits will be paid for any condition except such as arises as the resuit of "indiscretion" on the part of the employee. Many of our ills result from indiscretion, but this is interpreted to apply practically ex clusively to syphilis or gonorrhea. So long as all venereal diseases are considered to be the result of moral delinquency and are looked upon as synonyms of immorality instead of as diseases, there will be little progress toward any solution of the economic problem which they present. So long as an employee is in danger nf being discharged if he is discovered tn have gonorrhea or syphilis, or if he applies for help to get cured, there will he no progress made by industry in any attempt to measure the cost to industry of these two diseases. As me industrial physician in a certain large organization expressed it. "the general disposition . . . to ac cept immediate dismissal under what ever disguising pretext as the proper method of dealing with known or .sus pected venereal disease is a sure means of keeping in concealment existing eases of the disease and of rendering it impossible for a health service to meet its responsibility for this par ticular health problem of the organi zation." Thus, while we cannot measure the cost to industry of gonorrhea and syphilis, we can be certain that both diseases are widely prevalent in in dustry; that common sense would in dicate that they are responsible for enormous economic loss; and that any approach to the solution of the prob lem first requires a right-about-face in attitude toward those who suffer with these diseases, and their acceptance as sick people who may be saved to in dustry by proper and adequate care, rather than as moral driftwood which may be tossed into the discard. One Thousand Syracuse Youths Learn to Swim THE annual " Learn-to-Swim" eam* paign conducted by the Syracuse Chamber of Commerce, Syracuse, X. Y,, was recently held with its usual success and 1,059 persons were taught to swim. All were boys and girls, with the exception of 29. These cam paigns have been conducted during four successive years, and it is esti mated that non-swimmers of school age in the community now number less than one thousand out of a total of 40,000 school children. Syracuse enjoys an especially low drowning rate. The girls' swimming classes during the last year far outnumbered the boys' classes, 574 girls being taught to swim as compared with 456 boys. The success of the girl's-classes was due to an efficient corps of volunteer instructresses recruited from the local Y. W. C. A. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 4 4-WAY FLOOR (PATENT APPLIED FOR) Every Advantage of Any Steel Plate . . . And Some You Cannot Find Elsewhere PLATE [pc Inland 4-Way Plate is non-skid no matter at what angle a foot strikes it. This sure-footed traction makes Inland 4-Way Plate particularly safe for working plat forms, stairs, and stairway landings. 4-WAY MATCHIN Inland 4-Way Plate matches without waste whether laid end to end--side to side--or side to end. Even small pieces can be used advantageously. 4-WAY CLEANIN Inland Plate can be quickly swept or scrubbed clean in any direction most convenient for waste disposalIt also drains readily 4-ways. LIGHTER Per FOOT The new and better arrangement of projections permit lighter weight per square foot of any given gage-- without jeopardizing strength. And because of the quality steel used, it can be bent as required. INLAND STEEL COMPANY, 38 S. Dearborn Street, Chicago, III. inland 4-Way Floor Plate (Large Pattern) Thicknesses from 3/16' to m" inland 4-Way Floor Plate (Small Pattern) Thicknesses from No. 12 gage to 3 /l 6' I N.LfrN D ABLE SERVAWT OF THE CENTRAL WEST Sheets Strip Plates Bands Structurals Piling Rails Track Accessories Bars Rivets Billets SEPTEMBER, 1932 48 The Bulletin Board Conducted by STAN KERSHAW A page devoted to the problems of the men who maintain the show windows of the safety movement \ The Posters This Month F YOU will s*an the poster pages I carefully you will notice several posters this mouth that are somewhat out of the ordinary. In some of these tile basic idea is unusual while others have illustrations that set them apart from the general run. It is interesting to watch for the unusual in the monthly posters, ft is even more interesting to watch them grow as they go through the process of development, but unfortunately this opportunity is limited to the art ists and photographers and an occa sional visitor who might happen to stop in just at the right time. There is no set formula by which every poster can be made a bell-ring er. Too many things enter into the process. First comes the idea, then a A suggested bulletin board display using posters 4543 and 444b. It took but a lew minutes to prepare it. general interpretation of the idea into pictorial display. Following this comes the preparation of suitable copy, then a suitable illustration and after this the execution of the art or photographic work. After all this comes the work of making the engrav ings, and last, but far from the least in importance, is the printing. This month your attention is par ticularly directed to the following: No. 4545--For a long time, slippery doors have, in some places, been a difficult prob lem for the safety man. it has been pos sible to overcome some of these problems by mechanical alterations or by special housekeeping methods. However, there are still many conditions for which the answer has not yet been found. However, in this poster there is a useful suggestion, "Step Short Paces," that may be the means of preventing many a serious fall. No. 4532--A most unusual treatment of the subject of falling which as you know is among the greatest causes of ac cidents. The idea for this poster "popped" right out of a clear sky and immediately the remark was overheard: "Why didn't we think of that before!" it personalises the terrifying sensation of falling through space. No, 4530--There have been so many de mands for posters covering the subject of housekeeping in a general way that it seemed desirable to produce an additional one of such a general nature that it eouid be used anywhere and here it is. No. 4543--Here is a new method of deal ing with the subject of nails. The poster is strong by virtue of the direct message, the unusual attention-getting photograph and the simplicity of treatment. No. 4537--Many members have wanted to see the series of instructional first-aid posters extended so the treatment of wounds to prevent infectious has been covered in concise style in this poster. This now makes three posters of this kind available. No. 2778-B on resuscitation. No. 1.084-B on pressure points to stop bleeding and No. 4537 on wounds. They are particularly good to give to individual employees and to put in first-aid kits. No. 4550--The subject of eye protection has been treated in so many different ways that it takes something unusual to stand out prominently and capture attention, but it is believed that this poster will do it. The man and dog used to illustrate it were made out of pipe cleaners. Per haps it would be a good stunt to offer a prize for the best safety scene depicted similarly with "pipe-cleaner sculpture." Give the Bulletin Board a Break F IT were possible to post an au I thentic notice on the bulletin board today saying there will be a general increase in pay next pay day or a hundred employees will return to work immediately it would make lit tle difference where the board was lo cated the news would spread through, the organization with the speed of electricity. This provides food for thought. When it is possible to disperse infor mation so effectively and so rapidly through a bulletin board on a special occasion it is equally possible to use important announcements and news items at other times as a means of drawing employees to one or more central places to find out what is go ing on. When management recognizes the principle involved in this procedure and makes such announcements and posts such news items on the bulletin boards exclusively it with certainty puts these boards in a high plane of importance in the mind of every em ployee and the safety posters and other educational items are given that much more of an opportunity of get ting their messages across. **# Parker Holden, President. Holden, McKinney & Clarke, Inc., Detroit says: "In posters, as in any other type of advertising there are four ob jectives : 1. To get attention 2. To get interest 3. To create desire 4. To get action. Remember these four points the next time you issue a home-made poster. Ever try to read a safety poster in the dark. Keep all bulletin boards well lighted. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS THEM IS NO MAGIC rA* causes non. ACCIDENTS ' ?HOUeHTLESSNEf cm SEE ALL-HEAR ALL KNOW ALL ABOUT SAFETY M AT f O N A L SAFETY COUNCIL PUU. FM OUT BEND EM DOWN NATIONAL S* A MTV COUNCIL HEADACHES ARE WAUMMIGS 1 CLEAN UP FOR SAFETY FIND THE CAUSE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL "PULLING FOR DEAR LIFE" LOOSE CLOTHES AND A REVOLVING DRILL DID THIS NATIONAL SAreTV COUNCIL GOOD WORK HOOKiTOlHflWITH E iiKnAiMsiniil z apt fincimiiffif 1 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL WftSTAID <~litere atesunrways ofgetting youreyeisletmM'/miMUMaly NEVER TRUST EYES TO ANYONE BUT A DOCTOR NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL IT'S k GOOD SIGN TO I8ILIEVI IN SIGNS dit 6GSSD B5 A*i ja rIb #r l-- NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL COUNCIL THE FELLOW WHO IS DEAD FROM THE NECK UP IS LIKELY TO BE KILLED ALL OVER BY AN ACCIDENT TiST RBBB1H GLOVES 1 IP I CJy rolling the cuff tightly, I Iyou can tray* and compress enough airin the glove to see whether or not it has a leak in it. Do notwear leaky ruhhergloves. USE EVERY SAFEGUARD NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL AFETY CARRIES NATION*L a r e r y COUNCIL. THE SAFETY EXCHANGE "A ROUND TABLE IN PRINT" TWO PUSH BUTTONS OPERATE THIS BIO PRESS Here is an interesting picture from the plant of the General Electric Company, Schenectady, N. Y. This 280-ton punch press is operated by two push buttons in series, making it less possible for the op erator to injure his hands. Push buttons actuate the thrustor, which in turn oper ates the clutch on the punch press. The thrustor is a device for producing a straight line thrust by supplying oil under pressure to a piston from an electrically driven pump. not work around machinery until the ma chinery is stopped and the danger sign is in place. Doubtless a slight alteration to the device would make it possible to lock it in place with a padlock. NO SPRAINED BACK FROM CARRYING THIS JACK Wrestling with a heavy jack when try ing to put it into position under a difficult load is no fun. To carry it single handed is a good way to get in line for a sprained back. All this, and more, prompted A. F. Pollard, carpenter, Toronto Transporta tion Commission, Toronto, Ontario, to de sign a small jack truck. The picture shows the general features of design. De tails are as follows: framework % inch pipe; axle 15,8 inch square stock; wheels 4 inches diameter; cross members inch; pan at bottom inch sheet steel. DANGER SIGN GUARDS ELECTRICAL STARTING BOX To prevent the starting of electrical machinery while men are working, an in teresting method is employed by the Lycoming Manufacturing Company, Wil liamsport, Pa. (Note the accompanying dia gram.) No padlock is used, but the start ing handle Is placed in neutral position and the danger sign is suspended from it in the manner shown. A pipe hanger is welded to the danger sign. All mainte nance men are instructed that they must HOME MADE GUARD FOR THE JOINTER This guard for the jointer is employed in the plant of the International Har vester Company, McCormick twine mill. The details of construction are apparent The guard is automatically adjusted to the width of the lumber. A spring holds the guard against the material. In the case of a thin piece of material the guard lifts with a lever at the left-hand side so that the material slides in under it. THIS CHOCK BLOCK SACK PROMOTES SAFETY In the railway yards of any industrial plant it is important to have quickly at hand chock blocks to meet any contin gency. The accompanying picture shows a scene in a German yard, as reproduced in the publication of the Association of Foundries and Rolling Mills, Berlin. A fixed frame conveniently located near the tracks holds the chock blocks. House keeping is also promoted. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS ENCLOSE THE COUNTERWEIGHT FOR GREATER SAFETY Thiw picture shows a counterweight urianged to insist ui operating a wide freight cievator door. The weight is of large and hpavv design, and before being enclosed in the perpendicular pipe was a hazard to employees as well as an objec tion from the housekeeping point of view. Unclosed as pictured here, however, it slides up and down as necessary with no danger whatever. The picture is from the Malden Kieetric Company, 57 swings back when pushed by the piece of stock. This sets the guard so that it is ready for action when the jointer knives are about to he exposed. THIS DOLLY HANDLES HEAVY CAR WHEELS EASILY Here U a handy dolly to move \'ir wheels from the lathe to storage track. The wheels roll into a slight depression on the dolly, and then the dolly is moved to the track, is lined up and the wheels rolled off. The device is employed hi the shops of the Chicago dir North Western Railway Company. JOINTER GUARD EXCEEDS THE LAW'S REQUIREMENTS Below are two interesting pictures from the Appleton Vocational School showing a jointer follow-up guard, automatic in ac tion, that provides additional safety for the operator. As seen in the picture at the left, the danger spot is closed when the jointer cut is almost completed. The guard covers the knives while the standard guard leave* the cutters open near the end of the operation, and it keeps them cov ered until the standard guard again covers the knives and is against the fence. Then the automatic guard swings back and does not appear again until the next piece is passed over the jointer. The trigger (be ing pointed out in the picture on the right) A SAFE PLATING VAT WITH AN ADJUSTABLE PLATFORM The plating platform before this vat is constructed to permit any droppings to fail through; it is also high enough from the door to permit the workers to handle the work with comfort and safety. The platform is also removable for housecleanmg. H is located in the plant of the Hub bard Spool Company, Chicago. Press Levermen Are Iieid accountable for violators of safety rules--for helpers who put their hands between the dies. Call your Foreman Who will (Jive you a safe workman. You befriend a careless worker if you sense him a Layoff before an accident, instead of waiting until fingers or a hand is lost eventually. -ACT NOW- SEPTEMBER, 1932 WABN THE LEVEBMAN OF HIS RESPONSIBILITY A means of reducing the accidents to helpers who had been sticking their fingers in the rear of the power press, Regardless of instructions, seems to-.ha^e Been found by R. A. Shaw, Murray Corporation of America, Detroit. This small`.red card* is attached to the press close to the (over man's position, where it must be seen. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH A NON-TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM FOR PHYSICIANS AND LAYMEN By C 0. SAPPINGTON, M. D., Dr. P. h. Director, Industrial Health Division, National Safety Council Industrial Injury and Hospital Experience LTHOUGH there have been many contusions, lacerations, and abrasions; /L reports and analyses of indus- by fractures; strains; and back strain. \ trial injury and hospital expe Approximately 38,7 per cent of all rience, it is wise occasionally to reviewinjuries were caused by contusions, extensive experiences, presenting lacerations, and abrasions; the next them in tabular form, so that medical most frequent injury being fractures and safety personnel in industry may comprising 18.6 per cent. know what to expect. It is especially interesting to note The data herewith presented are that only 5 per cent of the eases were taken from the experience of a large infections, when it is remembered midwestern manufacturing plant, that approximately 26 per cent of covering a period of eight consecutive wounds of the hands and fingers be years. The total number of injury come infected; that 80 per cent of eases was 38.854 and in every instance injuries from wood splinters and 86 each injury received medieal treat ment. The most striking and significant point in this study, as shown in Table 1, is that 78 per cent of the total number of injuries for the consecutive period of eight years, was caused by per cent of injuries from metal splinters eventually become infected. Ordinarily one would also expect to find more than 5.3 per cent of eye cases in such a large series of injuries. Both of these items speak well for the protective program of this indus try. TABLE I For 38,854 injuries, covering a period of Hospital Experience 8 consecutive years. Type of Injury or Total Disease Wo. Cases 1. Contusions, lacera Per* Average cent- Wo. age of Per Year Total tions and abra- sions 15.037 1,879 38.7 2, Fractures ...... 6,445 805 16.6 a. Strain*----- ------- 5,316 664 13.7 4. Back strain........ 3,621 5. Eve eases .......... 2,040 6. Infections.......... 1,941 7. Burns............... . 1,084 8. Hernias ........ 081 453 9.3 255 5.3 243 5.0 135 2.8 123 2.5 9. Traumatic amputationa ......... 634 79 1.6 10. Tenosynovitis ,. 11. Puncture wounds 12. Bursitis........ .,, 13. Dislocations ..,. 14. Arthritis ............ 15. Svnovitis............ 10. Dermatitis ........ 17. Mvositis ....... 18, Varicocele.......... 19. Periostitis .......... 20. Hydrocele.......... 21. Neuritis............. 615 500 129 117 112 80 72 49 31 29- -ST. ' 11 - t t 1.6 (58 1.3 16 0.3 U 0.2 14 0.2 10 9 6 4 4 2 i Abstracted from a paper on- "industrial Medicine a$ a Specialty/* read by Dr. Paul, A. Davis, at the All-OMo Safety Congress,1932. The loss of time because of serious injury or illness, measured in terms of hospital days, is an important financial consideration to any indus try. Referring to Table II, it will be seen that fractures, infections, sprains, and hernias caused the greatest loss of time, measured in terms of aver age patient days in the hospital. Except for aniline poisoning, all other causes of lost time as noted, averaged over ten days per ease. TABLE H Loss of Time in Hospital Total Patient Cause Days 1. Fracture -----...3,014 Infections .......... 1,190 3. Hprains ........ 407 4. Hernias .............. 2,520 5. Misc, Operations.1fj^35 6. Contusions and lacerations ........1,0#5 7. Burns .................. *|T3 8, Lead poisoning.. .11' sK Aniline poisoning 2 No. of Cases 150 74 27 180 108 XH 56 .3 i Average Patient Days 20.0 16.0 15.0 14.0 12.3 12.2 .12.0 10.3 2.0 The total number of patient days for eight consecutive years was 11,393; the average number of patient days for all cases was 1.4.1. Frac tures, infections, and sprains all caused losses of time above Hip aver age number of patient days. Conclusions From the standpoint of percentage occurrence, contusions, lacerations, and abrasions; fractures; sprains and the hack strain were the most impor tant injuries. Rated according to the patient days lost m ttte hospital, fractures, infec tions, and sprains were most impor tant. If this is to be taken as a typical experience, industrial physicians and safety engineers would do well to de velop preventive procedures especial ly designed to reduce these types of injuries. QUESTION BOX THORIUM AHD MESOTHORTOM Q.---Are there health hazards attendant in the manufacturing processes involving the production or thorium and mesothorium salts?--W.L.H. A.--The recovery of rare earths, such as thorium, mesothorium, cerium, and neody mium is accomplished by special process in the treatment and extraction of monasite sand. We can immediately dismiss cerium and neodymium as possible hazards, because they do not give off any radia tions similar to those coming from thorium and mesothorium. As far as radiation from thorium nitrate is concerned, -it is greatly reduced in the process of refining an<J at the time it is dually prepared for the market, its ac tivity is very small. The refining of -mesothorium is a far more hazardous operation, but the mere NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS You guard your workers OIL against accidents ...BUT WHAT ABOUT DERMATITIS? ORE time is lost in American factories through disease than through M accidents. Oil Dermatitis is one of the most prevalent industrial diseases. It costs American industry great sums each year in lost time and compen sation. It costs American labor much more in destroyed health and efficiency. # Wherever cutting oils or cutting compounds are used, workmen are menaced by Oil Dermatitis, the great shatterer of safety records. This disease is caused by pus germs carried into the pores, hair follicles and abrasions of the worker's skin by cutting oil or compounds. Germ free oil becomes infected during use. Entire departments of a plant may become infected with this disease, which may lead to blood poisoning and amputation. # Proper disinfection of all cutting oils and cutting compounds is the only way to remove the menace of Oil Dermatitis from your workers. You can effectively control its chief causes by sterilizing all cutting oils and compounds with WESCOL, a powerful germicide (sixteen times stronger than pure carbolic acid, but harmless to human beings) which readily dissolves in either oil or com pound without altering its efficiency. Just add one pint of WESCOL to each fifty gallons of cutting oil or compound. 11 The use of WESCOL is inexpensive ... yet it protects your workers from a serious industrial disease which has ruined scores of safety records. Send the coupon or write a letter for our free booklet on WESCOL and Oil Dermatitis. WESCOL 16 BARN STREET, A PRODUCT OF THE WEST DISINFECTING CO. LONG ISLAND CITY, N. Y. BRANCHES IN 42 PRINCIPAL CITIES WEST DISINFECTING COMPANY 16 Bam St., Long island City, N. Y. Gentlemen: Please send me your booklet "WESCOL -- A Practical Germicide for Industrial Plants." Mr....................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........ Name of Company................................................................................................................................................................ Street............................................................................................................... City SEPTEMBER, 1932 handling ot' rrude mesothorium compounds is not considered as hazardous, In the refining processes, cure is takeu to pre vent the- introduction of mesothorium products into the body, by ws.v of the lungs or the alimentary tract, if this is done, there should he no difficulty and there is an instance of twelve years1 ex perience m refining processes m laboratory work, where there has never been a casualty. Protective procedures, therefore, cull for the use of careful handling, under wellventilated hoods, and the application of the principles of strict personal cleanli ness, SULPHUR DIOXIDE Q.--It is my understanding that sulphur dioxide is a respiratory irritant: are there any other effects of industrial exposure? --P.P. A.--You are correct in saying that sul phur dioxide is essentially a respiratory irritant. Recently, other effects have been reported; these consist of a mild acidosis, causing so-called "indigestion," with for mation of gas on the stomach, capricious appetite, headache, and similar character istic symptoms of acidosis. In this series of cases, it was found that the acidosis could be controlled by the daily use of alkaline waters or milk. Both the functional disturbances and the control of them were confirmed by animal experimentation. The prevention of these disorders may be accomplished by the installation and arrangement of adequate exhaust ventila tion, which will remove the gas at its source. CARBON MONOXIDE AND EPILEPSY Q. -is it possible that epilepsy follows as a complication of carbon monoxide poisoning?--B.M.L. A.--As far as we know, the available literature does not contain a statement to the effect that true epilepsy is a complica tion following carbon monoxide poisoning or gassing. There are mental and nervous symptoms accompanying carbon monoxide poisoning or following it as complications; these include several mental symptoms which might be interpreted as epilepsy. It wonld be very easy to confuse con vulsions with true epilepsy and it wonld be necessary to have the advice and con sultation of one or more physicians, pref erably specialists on mental and nervous diseases, before a scientific decision could be reached. CREOSOTE BURNS Q.--Can yon give me information con cerning the treatment and prevention of so-called creosote burns?--F.R.B. A.--The following procedures have been recommended and apparently used to good effect in the treatment of creosote burns: 1. The accepted first aid measure for socalled chemical burns is immediate flush ing with copious amounts of running wa ter, Of course, there are substances that ate not soluble In water, but it is plain that the mere mechanical cleansing bal ances the time lost in attempting to secure a neutralizing agent which may not be effective in ail events. Chrome Leather Garments Prevent Flash Burns burn hazard resulting from a Ha o, The results of the tests nr? deSl.r,K , as follows by R. H. Krone, director of accident prevention for the company " When subjected to an electric for five seconds, chrome feather ^ carbonized on the surface, although the leather was burned very slightly below the surface. Molten copper Wa` dropped on the leather of approx,, mately 3/16 of an inch in diameter and penetrated to a depth of about I :t2 of an inch ; however the opp0sjtl> side of the leather beeame dark at the point where the leather was burned It is possible to make the leather burn hut this was accomplished only after live or six applications of electric are An electric arc does not ignite the leather until it is thoroughly dried out. and even then it burns very slowly in the air. " in instances where this equipment was worn and the wearer was subject ed to an eieetrie are. the effect on the SEVERAL years ago, the electrical leather did not even cause scorching. operating department of the Union Leather coats have been satisfactorily Has and Electric Company, Cincincleaned by the ordinary dry cleaning nati, Ohio, made a test of chrome method. The experience of men in leather to be used in coats and hel this company is that this is a suitable mets in order to relieve the electric material for the purpose/' 2. The use of Isopropyl alcohol has been recommended, because phenol, creo sote, and similar compounds are solub.c in it. isopropyl alcohol also has a high antiseptic vaiue. 3. Persons having creosote burns should always be taken to a physician, to be sure that serious complications do not arise. The prevention of the creosote hums may depend upon the following proce dures: 1. The handling of ereosoted material with tongs or by mechanical means, rather than by hand. 2. Providing employees with imper meable gloves and other clothing which will protect the parts of the body which may come in contact with ereosoted wood. HERNIA AND ACCIDENTS Q.--Is a man with hernia more liable to have accidents than a man without hernia? -F. L. A,---It is difficult to see why he should. The very fact that he has a hernia will in a great many cases, probably make him more careful in the use of his body, which will certainly help to avoid accidents. On the other hand, others may argue that such a pprson will not move as fast and be as physically coordinate and, therefore, might be more liable to accidents. This is pretty mueh of an open question and possibly a real decision cannot be reached without more evidence than we have at present. There are no data which support the con tention that hernia in. any individual will either predispose to accidents or protect individuals from them. "Watch Other Cars/*7 1A2dv*i*se* s* Veteran Safe Driver FOR 15 years Roy Olaser has rigsagged his way about the streets of Detroit driving a commercial vehicle for the Detroit Edison Company. He is now operating his seventh truckon company business and has ac cumulated a mileage of over 300.000 with an unusual record for safety. His only serious aeeident was a headon collision with a laundry truck whose, steering apparatus failed to function. Hlaser's maximum speed on city streets is 25 miles an hour. He has discovered that in heavy traffic, and with frequent traffic lights to con tend with, the time gained by speed ing on short runs is negligible. While driving, he keeps a close eye on other motorists. The type of driver to be most carefully watched, he says, is the one driving a light delivery truck. Often this class of- driver is a youngster who' does not appreciate his responsibility and is - interested chiefly in getting there and getting back as quickly as possible. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 61 Deep night . . . before the first grey streaks of dawn silver the eastern sky. On a table beside the bed rests a little black instrument . . . silent, un obtrusive, seemingly inert there in the stillness. It is the telephone, sentinel of the night. Ready to call a policeman at the first unex plained sound . . . ready to summon the fire department at the first ominous whiff of smoke . . . primed to arouse a physician, a nurse, or a neighbor when illness intrudes. For the wired world is at the other end, waiting for your outstretched hand and your plea: "Come quickly!" Sentinel duty, of course, is a small part of the manifold service your telephone renders. The incidents of every-day store orders, of friendly chats: the joy and comfort of familiar voices as though from across the room; these, too, make the telephone a valued member of the family. Behind your telephone is the nation-wide organ ization of trained minds and hands whose ideal is to serve you in a manner as nearly perfect as is humanly possible. Seven hundred thousand stock holders -- men and women like yourself --- have invested their money in this system of the people and for the people. The telephone is a vital link in the chain of modern living. It gives much in convenience and safety. It offers a wide range of usefulness. It serves you day and night. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY SEPTEMBER, 19J2 t Health Topics at the Congress HE Twenty-first Annual Safety This program should be of unusual TCongress and Exposition will interest, not wily to physicians, but offer informational material to industrialists and safety directors which will not only be of interest wtoho are confronted with the problem safety engineers and safety directors, of adequately protecting employees hut also to industrial physicians and against the inhalation of injurious nurses, fuciuciintr the sessions on in dusts. dustrial health and nursing, there will lie twenty-seven presentations on a wide variety of subjects. On Wednesday morning, there will be a joint session with the Chemical Section on the general subject "Sym On Monday afternoon, October 3, the preliminary program shows the following speakers and subjects, in the Industrial Health Section: General subjeet: "The Presentation of Several Small Plant Pictures" of twenty minutes each, giving actual experiences. 1. Dr. Glenn S. Everts, medical secre tary, Philadelphia Health Council and Tuberculosis Committee, Philadelphia. Dr. Walter Clarke, director. Division of Medical Measures, The American Social Hygiene Association, New" York City, ,1, Wilmer H. Schulze, chief, Division of Chemical Technology, Bureau of Chemis try and Pood, Health Department, Balti more. t, P. <i. Bennett, safety director. The Buckeye Steel Castings Co., Columbus, Ohio. posium of the Activities of the Chem ical Industry in the Prevention of Poisoning." This subject will be de veloped from different viewpoints and should contain material of distinct practical value to physicians and chemists, relative to their common problems. Wednesday afternoon will he de voted to a program on "Common In juries," with the following subjects and speakers: 1. "Heat Effect*"--Dr. R. C Engel, service director, Corrigan, McKinney Steel Company, Cleveland. 2. "Back Injuriea"--Dr. Sumner M, Roberts, Boston. 3. "Sprains, Strains, and Contusions (including Hernia)"--Dr. Henry H. Kess ler, medieal director, New Jersey Rehabili tation Commission, Newark, On Tuesday afternoon, October 4, at 12:30 there will be an Industrial Health Section Luncheon, with an in formal discussion on a subject to be announced later. Following the luncheon, there will be a joint session of the industrial Health Section with the Metals Sec tion, the program to be a symposium on "The Dust Problem in Industry," with the following speakers and sub jects listed:l. l. "What Various Dusts Do to the Lung Tissues"--Iir. L. C, Gardner, director, Trudeau Laboratories, Saranac Lake, N. Y. - "The Dust Content of the Atmos phere in Various Dusty Industries"--J, J, Bloomfield, sanitary engineer, U. S, Public Health Service, Washington, D. 0. 3. "Clinical and Statistical Studies in Various Dusty Trades"--Dr, A. K Russell, U- S, Public Health Service, Washington. D. C, 4, "Methods for the Control of Dust in industry" --- Theodore Hatch, Harvard School nf Public. Health. "Methods for Protecting the Worker Against Dust Inhalation," by Prof. Philip Drinker, Harvard School of Publie Health. 4. "Hand Injuries"--Dr. Henry C. Mar ble, Boston. On Thursday afternoon, October 6, the Industrial Health Section will have a joint meeting with the Indus trial Nursing Section, a luncheon be ing scheduled at 12:30, after which the program will follow: t. "What Is Publie Health Nursing in Industry f"--Dorothy Doming, R. N,, edi tor, Public Health. Hurting, New York City. 2. "Contribution of the Nurse to the Conservation of Eyesight" `'demonstra tion)--- Mary Emma Smith, R. N., National Society for the Prevention of Blindness, New York City. 3, "How the Nurse Can Share Health Information with the Worker"--Elizabeth Winton, R. N., Edward G, Budd Manufac turing Company, Philadelphia. The usual custom of grouping va rious sessions of the Congress around important and specialized industries will enable the plant physicians to lis ten to and take part in discussions relating to accident prevention prob lems and health topics in the industry with which they are associated. For the convenience of (|mw ^ wish to attend more than one during a morning or afternoon, th,'. following list of subjects and speakers has been abstracted from the complete preliminary program showing the sub jeets and physicians taking part- "Mental Hygiene in Accidents"--!),. Morris S. Viteles, assistant professor ,,f psychology, University ,,f Pen*y|vnii Philadelphia. Cement Section, Tuesday afternoon; October 4, "The Doctor in Industry"--l)r, R0(,,,rt F. Hyland, chief surgeon, Puhlic Servu-e Corporation, St. Louis, Mo. Electric Bailwav Section, Tuesday afternoon, October t Leading the discussion nn "The Doctor in Industry"--Dr, Hart E. Fisher, chief surgeon, Chicago Rapid Transit Company, Chicago. Electric Railway Section. Tnc.' day afternoon, October 4. "Medical Set-up--Where Will ft Your Safety Program?"---Dr, A, P. Lech lider, medical director, Fisher Body for poration, Detroit. Automotive and Ma chine Shop Section, Wednesday morning, October 5. "Activities of the Chemical Industry in Preventing Poisoning--Viewpoint of the State"--Dr. Albert S3. Gray, director, Divi sion of Occupational Diseases, Connecticut State Department of Health, Hartford. Joint session of Chemical and Industrial Health Sections, Wednesday morning, October 5. "Activities of the Chemical Industry in Preventing Poisoning--Viewpoint of the Federal Government"--Dr, William P. Yant, superintendent, Bureau of Mines Ex periment Station, Pittsburgh, Pa. Joint session of the Chemical and Industrial Health Sections, Wednesday morning, Oc tober 5. "Industrial Health and Its Relation to Industrial Safety"--Dr. 0. O. Sappington, director. Division of Industrial Health, National Safety Council. Cement and Quarry Sections, Wednesday morning, Oc tober 5, "Is Carbon Tetrachloride a Health Hazard as Used in the Rubber industry?" ... Dr. J. Newton Shirley, Arrow Mutual Liability Insurance Company, Watertown. Mass. Rubber Section, Wednesday morn ing, October 5, An address on some phase nf the dust problem in industry bv Dr. Leonard Greenburg, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. Advanced Safety Engineering Session, Wednesday afternoon, October 5. First Aid Demonstration--Dr. Eugene E. Willison, American Red Cross, Washing ton, D. (V Vocational School Session. Thursday afternoon, October A First Aid Demonstration--Drcotis Mar shall, American Red (Voss, Washington, It. C. Home Safety Section, Friday morn ing, October 7. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS PUT LIGHTING on your Safety Program M ERICAN manufacturers lose one billion dollars sharp and clear? Can you read any name, address, A annually because of industrial accidents. In surance companies have traced $150,000,000 of this loss directly to accidents caused by defective lighting. or number rapidly, without effort? You should be able to do so readily--for the telephone book is scientifically designed for perfect legibility Put Lighting on your safety pro under proper light. If you can't--if gram. Bright, well-lighted plants are you have to squint and draw the book one of your strongest safeguards closer to your face--you are in the against costly accidents. dangerous Twilight Zone. Here is a simple test for the de If, after making this test, you feel ceptive Twilight Zone* that easily doubtful as to the adequacy of your can be made a part of your safety in lighting, call on Westinghouse light spection program. Carry a phone ing experience and use Westinghouse book along with you. Stop where people work. Open the book at ran dom. Does every word stand out Glassteel Diffusers with Safe Change Hangers for easy cleaning have brought many plants out of the Twilight Zone. equipment to bring your plant out of the Twilight Zone---efficient lighting will repay its cost many times. *That deceptive half-light between obvious darkness and adequate illumination. Westinghouse Westinghouse Lighting Specialists willhelpyouplanan effective lighting system SEPTEMBER, 1932 THE ACCIDENT BAROMETER A Monthly Review of Significant Changes in the Accident Situation Prepared by the STATISTICAL BUREAU, NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL Gasoline consumption throughout I lie country was 2.To per cent less in the first four months of 1932 than in the same period of 1931. This means fewer miles traveled by motor vehicles this year than last, and should carry with it a reduction in motor vehicle fatalities. The fol lowing1 table shows that in 16 report ing states not only has this reduction occurred, but that it has been larger than the decrease in gasoline con sumption. As a result the death rate on a consumption basis declined 2 per cent; the decline being shared bv 12 of the 16 states. Deaths per 10,600,0(H) gallons Uasoline Consumed States Jan.- Jan.* t in order of April April Per Cent l!32 rotes) 1933 1931 Change 1. Vermont ........ 7.3 11.8 --38 2, Minnesota .... 0,3 13.1 --29 15, Rhode Island,, 9,5 1.2.5 --24 4. Massachusetts. 1.1.6 13.1 --11 x Connecticut ., 13.8 16.2 - 15 6. Kansas ............. 13.9 11.9 + 17 7. Oregon .......... 14.4 20.0 - -28 8, Wisconsin ,... .11,3 17.3 --11 9. California ..,. 16.8 16.6 4- l 10. Ww York ,,,. 18.1 15.5 4-17 11. Pennsylvania.. 19.1 19.5 __ -> 12. Maryland .... 19.5 24,2 _19 18, Florida .......... 211,8 -- 13 14, Delaware , , . . . 21.5 1.1. Mirth i'arolina. 22.3 16. Alabama ...... 1*8.6 20.6 24.5 J9.0 4- * --9 -- ft TOTAL ........... ,16.8 17.2 -- 2 Sixty-nine cities, out of 107 cities on which figures are available, had fewer motor vehicle deaths in the first half of 1922 than in the same period of 1921. Thirteen of the re porting cities were over oiXtyXK) population, and of these all but one showed improvement. Among the larger cities. Pitts burgh and Boston showed declines of 26 per cent, St. Louis 15 per cent. Cleveland 14 per cent. Los Angeles 1.3 per cent, and Buffalo and Balti more 10 per cent. The Maryland Industrial Accident Commission reports that a total of $020,917 compensation was awarded during the year ending October 31, 1931. This represents a reduction of 27 per cent from the total of $849,634 for the preceding fiscal year. The number of temporary disabilities re ported dropped from 12,037 to 9.407; permanent partials from 593 to 488: and fatals from 109 to 77. The prin cipal decreases came in accidents classed as "cuts and lacerations," "sprains and strains." and "frac tures." Commercial vehicle accidents in 13 community safety council cities numbered 19.06 per 100.000 vehicle hours operated during June. Nine teen cities reporting in May had a rate of 17.90, and 16 reporting in June, 1931, had a rate of 23.34. The six-month rate for this year is 21.12, compared with 26.73 in 1931. In cities where records are kept on a mileage basis the June rate was 4.31 accidents per 100,000 vehicle miles, compared with 5.40 in June, 1931. Industrial injuries during June in 17 community safety council cities numbered 10.66 per 100.000 man hours worked--appreciably below the May rate of 11.15 and the June, 1931, rate of 11.33. Five fatalities oc curred in June, however, compared with none in May, raising the severity rate from 0.31 to 0.90. Fatal industrial accidents in Penn sylvania dropped 30,3 per cent from the first half of 1931 to the same period of 1932, according to a recent report, of the .State Department of Labor and Industry. There were 550 deaths reported to the department this year, compared with 7S9 last year. Permanent injuries showed a 25 per cent decline in the same period, drop ping from 2,151 to 1,612. In this group, eye injuries dropped 30 per cent, hand injuries 28 per cent, and finger injuries 26 per cent. Com pensation awards in the first 6 months of this year amounted to $5,985,283, compared with $7,663,085 in the same period of 1931. Steam railway accidents declined sharply in the first 3 months of 1932, according to a recent report of the Interstate Commerce Commission, Comparing with the first ipiarter of 1931, there was a 10.67 per cent drop in deaths and a 17.20 per cent decline in injuries. Deaths in grade cross ing accidents dropped 21 per cent and injuries 14 per cent. Deaths and in juries to trespassers increased ap preciably. as did also deaths of rail way employees. An abrupt decline in operations caused an increase in the casualty rate on the basis of locomo tive miles. This rate increased from 3.15 to 3.33 fur deaths, arid from 15.37 to 15.60 for injuries. Accidental deaths (all typesi in 11 large cities reporting to the National Ifiafety Council are as follows; Jan.- June 1932 Baltimore .,,..... 244 Birmingham . 7" Boston ..... ........ 206 Buffalo .,,.. ........ 169 Cleveland .. .. . . , 251 Kansas Citv ...,. 102 Newark .... ........ 134 Providence . . . . . . 4.5 Rochester .. Jan.- June 1931 248 80 257 144 262 108 in 51 39 Per pent .'hsnge - l.ti -in.o --19.9 24.3 - 4.2 ... 5,0 - 11.3 - 11.8 -18.0 ftt. Louis .,. ., ... 234 242 - 3.3 Mt,, Haul . ,. -------- 94 n + '-I Toledo _____ 77 - 27.3 Looking ahead . Automo- biles, falls. drowning. and railroads will be responsible for two-thirds of all accidental deaths in .September, if past records are a good criterion. Brownings will he only about one- half as numerous as in August where as falls will increase a hit. There will be more deaths from burns; in October this type,, will be third in the list of accidental death causes. Child traffic deaths are likely to increase in September due to the greater ex posure to street hazards resulting from rhe opening of school. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS THE DEATH RACE IS ON! iM Auto Fatalities Start Now far Highest Peak of the Year DEATH rides at the wheel during August and September. During the next sixty days motor vehicle fatalities will reach the highest peak of the year. There will be a small decline in October and November and then up once more to the second high point by the end of December! What can be done? Will your'drivers be involved? You can meet this problem as hundreds of leading organizations are doing--not only in peak months but in ALL months. It will pay dividends, too--not only in human conservation but in cold hard cash, as shown in almost unbelievable reductions in insurance and repair costs: "I Give each driver a copy of `The Safe DRIVER," acknowledged as the best *" little safety promoter in its particular field. Sixteen pages each month, jammed full of interesting, practical, helpful material--with fun and spice, punchy cartoons and illustrations for added measure. O Use the Dash Board Safety Slogans--Fifty-two thought-compelling messages. * They are illustrated in colors and are furnished with metal holders. A weekly safety lesson that will not be forgotten! . . . and this big double service at a ridiculously low cost. The sure and quick way to convince you that here, at last, is just what you have been looking for is to write today for samples and quantity prices. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, INC. 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, III. SEPTEMBER, 1932 86 Irritate Them If You Want Their Attention By A. CYRIL DALDY Hospital Safety for your FIRST AID ROOM Whetlin you are bringing your y first aid room into existence or bringing it up-to-date, for safety's sake, investigate CASTLE Sterilizers. There is no factor of greater import ance than safe, thorough, complete sterilization. CASTLE Sterilizers meet those requirements. I nto CASTLE Sterilizersare built every worthwhile advancement in the sci ence of complete sterilization. Back of them stand 49 years of experience. See the CASTLE Catalog before you buy any sterilizer. A post card will bring it to your desk. Wilmot Castle Company, 1240 University Avenue Rochester, N. Y. CASTLE STERILIZERS IP you tell the average motorist that automobile accidents are currently resulting in more than 33,000 lost lives per year, it is quite possible that he will be genuinely appalled to think of this staggering total. Unfortunate ly, however, it is quite probable that live minutes later he will have forgot ten all about it, and ten minutes later he may even be speeding, or other wise endangering himself or the gen eral public. Is not the trouble due to the fact that the individual fails to see himself in any picture presented by nation wide statistics? Few of the human emotions are as persistent or uncomfortable as a feel ing of guilt, and if we could only arouse in the reckless driver a sense of responsibility and guilt before the accident instead of after it, we mighttake a big step forward in automobile accident prevention. Following is a quotation (from memory) from one of George Ber nard Shaw's works: If you do not say a thing in an irri tating way, you might as well not say it at all, for people will not trouble them selves about anything which does not trouble them. We might paraphrase this in the following manner: If you do not present accident statistics in such a way as to irritate the individu al's nonscience, you might as well not present them at all, for people will not trouble themselves about anything which does not trouble them. There are about 28 million automo biles in the United States and in 1930 there were about 32,500 lives lost in automobile accidents. It is probably reasonable to assume that although more than one person may. ordinarily drive each ear, the greater part of the mileage over any short period is cur rently being covered by the same driver. Let us further assume that, on the average, a man's active driving life is from age 20 to 60 and that the average age of all drivers on the road today is 40 years. At that rate, the average driver has 20 more years of driving life before him--the fact that some have more is counterbalanced ( for the purposes of riiis argument I by the fact that others have less. During this period, if the current accident rate is maintained, there will occur no less than Hoi),000 automobile fatalities and these will have been caused by 2n million drivers. This means that there will be one fatality for every 43 drivers on the road today. The foregoing line of reasoning is mathematically correct to the extent that the assumptions on which it is based are correct. The fact that the number of automobiles is on the in crease is probably more, than offset by the fact that in spite of efforts by the National Safety Council and other or ganizations, the number of automobile fatalities is increasing each year. Everyone has 43 drivers among his acquaintances -- most people have many more. At the present rate, one of these, on the average, is going to be responsible for the death of an other human being. The chances are only 42 to one against each individual driver on the road today killing him self or some one else at some time in the future. It seems to me that this mode of presentation would bring the facts home to the individual better than any other and arouse him to a con sciousness of his own responsibility. Lt is an appalling thought to anyone if realized fully. I do not know how it could best be set up briefly for purpuses of propaganda, but something like this might answer the require ment: "One motorist in every 43 it going to kill a man, woman or child in a preventable accident. Will YOU be the onet" Applying the same line of reasoning to injuries ( 960,000 per year), we find that two out of every three, drivers will have to carry the responsibility for hurting .some one; one out of every 31 is going to hurt a child un der five years of age. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Encourage the Youngsters To Speak on Safety THE progress of safety instruction in schools owes much to the support received from industry. Xof all of the impetus, however, comes from the manasrement. In many cases indi vidual workers have earned home the safety lessons learned in the plant, and these are frequently relayed to the school by the children. Many industries recognize the value of the work done by these young mes sengers of safety and give them every possible encouragement. In many cases it has helped to strengthen the ties between the industry and the community. An example of what one company is doing is shown by the following item which appeared in the Midvale Safety Bulletin, published by The Midvale Company, Philadelphia: AN UNBEATABLE PAIR "Dad, I am going to give a talk on safety at our school next Wedngtday." "Yes?" "And I want you to get me some pic ture posters and printed safety orders from Midvale." So dad, when he climbs the Soberts Avenue hill, has a pocketful of Midvale's "do's and don'ts," which he later in the evening spreads out on the sitting room table and explains at some length to John or Mary or Elizabeth or Stephen, as the case may be. How tine it would he if the children of all Midvalers were interested in giv ing safety talks. Such an interest would most surely be reflected in the accident experience at Midvale. That some of the children are interested in safety in con nection with their school work is well evidenced by the requests that come to the W. E. B. Department for information to be used in the class rooms of our public and parochial schools. These requests often take the form of inquiries about safety shoes, types of goggles, machine guarding and other forms of safety propaganda. In most cases we are for tunately able In help the young people by giving them printed rules and posters for their school work. Midvale fathers would do well to en courage their children in giving safety talks and poster exhibitions, t'ertainiy any help that the W. E. R, Department can give will be gladly extended. It is natural to expect that many of the Philadelphia young people will enter industrial concerns for their life work where they will soon come in contact with organized safety work. If they have learned something about it in their ele mentary school work they will be at s better advantage to themselves and their associates when they enter factories for the first time. Ask your hoys and girls to give safety talks in their school work. TO DRAW TO U Anyone sifting in the manufacturing game will admit that Safety and Increased Efficiency are the two strongest cards in the deck. This strong pair are furnished through the use of Alemife Industrial Lubrication Systems PLUS Alemite Special Lubricants. The lubrication of large and small equipment under full production speed without the slightest danger to the lubricator ... Lubrication terminals far removed from danger on extra hazardous large units... Never any dangerous leakage of oil or grease to cause bone-breaking falls ... Here are safety advantages alone which makes the use of Alemite Systems PLUS Alemite Lubri cants well worth many times their cost. A Lubrication Safety Survey of your plant will be made by an expert for you absolutely without obligation or cost. Merely address your request to Alemite Corporation, (Division of StewartWarnerj 2634 N. Crawford Ave., Chicago, III. INDUSTRIAL ALEMITE 629 Pioneers in Specialized Lubrication lor industry SEPTEMBER, 1932 (is GU D Personals T, A. ScriEXDKr, formerly safety director for the Caterpillar Tractor i Company. Peoria. Illinois, has been appointed personnel manager for the Premier Malt Products Company Peoria. I, M, Wiii.tz, for many years sat'efv director for the Youngstown Sheet i Tube Company, Eastern region, at Youngstown, Ohio, resigned effective duly ill. Mr, Woltz had long heen active in safety work nationally and held many offices in the National Safety Council. i Have We Forgotten the "Three Cs" (Continued from page 22.) For real protection, machine guards must be strong and durable. They must also leave the guarded parts open to view. They should never be made of material that invites an accumulation of dirt, oiiy waste or other fire hazards. H & K perforated sheet steel guard material meets all these qualifications. It is dependable and strong, yet sufficiently flex ible to conform to any desired shape. Now, while production is slow, is the time to make a rigid in spection of your machine guards. Have everything in readiness for the pick-up. Your own men can construct the most complicdted guard from H & K perforated metal and our compie line of guard accessories. Full instructions are given in our booklet, "Machine and Belt Guards." There is no charge or obligation for this information. Just send for it. The Harrington & King Perforating Co. 114 Liberty Si, New York City 5645 Fillmore St., Chicago REECE'S "STRONGTOE" SHOE with E. Z. Walking Wooden Sole guar antees TOE PROTECTION SOLE PROTECTION plus HEALTHY FEET Stock No. 509 Catalogue No. / REECE Wooden Sole Shoe Co, Inc, Columbus, Neb. necessity must watch the pedestrian, hut likewise the pedestrian when walking in the street or on the rural highway should be alert and watch the motor vehicle operator. Pedestrian regulation is a compara tively new thought. A few cities have tried sueh regulation, but I ad mit the difficulty in attempting to subject pedestrians to arrest and fine for violations of certain ordinances in this connection. Probably the pedes trian will always feel that he has a prior right-of-way on the highway. After all, he is only following the old rule that a straight line is the shortest distance between two points. Not all accidents to pedestrians are the fault of motor vehicle operators, and it is equally true that they are not all the fault of the pedestrian. It resolves itself into the well-worn the ory that until every person, whether he rides or walks, is thoroughly schooled in safety principles, and has a proper regard for his own safety as well as that of others, we cannot hope for much improvement. Enforcement The enforcement of motor laws is a vital factor in the reduction of acci dents : in Pennsylvania we know that the psychological effect of a highway patrol officer in uniform driving over our highways on a motorcycle is con ducive to safe driving. When the eye NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS ul! the law Is watching, we are especially careful. But enforcement, as we view it in Pennsylvania, should be nine-tenths by education--that is, the warning of the operator--and one-tenth by the imposition of a pen alty. We have a specially trained force i of state highway police. They are given an intensive schooling in our training school and must graduate in | knowledge of motor laws, safety prae- j rice, criminal procedure as applied to motor transportation, the operation of motor vehicles, the examination of new' operators, a knowledge of head lights, brakes, steering mechanism, and other safety factors of the ear. Too many people are of the opinion that laws and regulations are made primarily to annoy them. Until we have the right spirit of cooperation between the authorities and the pub lic, and are able to humanize traffic regulations to the point where they are readily understandable, we will be unable to change that opinion. In short, through our enforcement, which should be rigid and yet. fair, we must attempt to inculcate an atti tude of law observance. This can only be done by education, which is the right arm of enforce ment. To paraphrase the words of the world's leading social prophet, H. G. Wells, "Traffic safety stands or falls on education." There is a distinct difference be tween law enforcement and law ob servance. The one implies a distinct ly hard-boiled attitude, with punish ment for every offense and with the authorities virtually riding rough shod over motorists. The other im plies a mutual cooperation to the end that those laws and regulations which have safety principles as their basis shall be thoroughly understood and obeyed and observed without ques tion, and as a matter of course. The whole situation seems to sum itself up into three words: courtesy, consideration, and cooperation. Cour tesy to other users of the highways, whether they be drivers or pedestri ans. Consideration for the rights and privileges of others, as well as con sideration of traffic conditions. Coop eration with the authorities in what ever measures are promulgated to in sure highway safety. When a locomotive whistles for a grade crossing it is a sure sign that the locomotive is going to cross. SEPTEMBER* 1932 Safety First Shoes Millions of Human Toes are Protected III by these shoes [ with the Patented Safety f,Patent No. 1,823.924) Steel Toes TPHERE are Safety First Shoes of many styles, for 1 use in every line where foot protection is needed. The patented safety toes are made of cold-rolled, heat-treated steel. They cut down both accident frequency and accident severity rates. They give the highest degree of protection, are comfortable and long-wearing. They will save you money. We show our newest dress oxford, No. 8584. They can be had in sizes 5 to 12--widths C, D and E. See Our Full Line at the Safety Congress and Exposition in Washington S4LES REPRESENTATIVE* Williams * Company, Inc., Cleveland.. .Pittsburgh , . . Cincinnati--for the state of Ohio, Pennsylvania west of Harrisburg, and northern West Virginia and Kentucky Safety First Shoe Co. of Massachusetts Framingham, Massachusetts Please send me..........................palm of Safety Elrat Shoes Wo. 85M on memorandum, with full Information about your complete line. If they will reduce foot accidents and save as money, we will gladly help our men to get them. Send sise..................... Concern.......................... ................................................ Position.......................... Address.......................................................................... .................... Signed.......................... .................... .. Wiesman Guards Left or Right Sweep Both of the operator's hands are protected by the Improved Wiesman Punch Press Ouard. ihe guard-arm sweeps the entire length of Bolster Plate in half the downward stroke of punch. Operator also protected if press repeats. Its swift action allows a production speed not found in other guards. Try one Free for SO days Over tOJOO Users WIESMAN MFG. CO. ill South St. Clair St, Dayton, Ohio, U. S. A. 70 KLEINS The Safety Library y4 3 MARY M. WELLS Librarian N.S.C.* I 1857 TVTHEN you are working fifty feet in the air--on wires that are hot--safety becomes in creasingly important. Pliers and belts--all the lineman's equipment must be good. There can be no compromise with quality when life is at stake. Linemen know through years of experience that they can rely on their equipment when it carries the Klein trademark. Klein bas represented the maximum in safety--the maximum in quality-- "since 1857." .4 national campaignfeaturing safelyfor lineinert ts being conducted by Maihta# Klein Sons to assist in telling the idea of safety U> linemen* Distributed through jobbers Four pamphlets of interest to ^ou if you are a lineman or responsible for the safety of line men. Check the ones you want. Q Safety for the Pole Climber Specifications on Linemen's Belts and Safety Straps Q The Safety Factor on Linemen's Leather Goods Q Pocket Tool Guide KLEINMathias t ul1 ilrfttJi & Sons 3200 BELMONT AVB., CHICAGO MEDICAL CARE The Purchase of Medical ' 'are Through Fixed periodic Payments, hy Pierce Williams. Noth, ::2i) pages, 6x9. price 13,1)0. Published 1932 hv the National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc., 31 Madison Avenue, Mew Turk City. A 8 THE author states, the material pre' * seuted in this report was gathered chiefly by correspondence, because of limited funds which did not permit extensive tiehl work. Certain visits were made to the in dustrial renters of the states of Pennsyl vania, Illinois, West Virginia and Alabama, and personal interviews with railroad offi cials in eastern cities and in Chicago have brought out definite additional information. Essentially the book describes plans by which individuals are assured of medical or hospital care through the payment of a fixed amount periodically to some organization, provided the incapacity is due to injury or disease not already covered by Workmen's Compensation Laws. An interesting point mentioned is that laws in force in all states of the Union, excepting Arkansas, Florida, Mississippi and South Carolina, require employers to pro vide medical care to employees injured while at work. The chapter headings include: Summary; The American Campaign for Compulsory Sickness Insurance; Fixed Payment Medi cal Service in the Lumber and Mining In dustries of Washington, Oregon and Cali fornia; Fixed Payment Medical Service in the Metal Mining Industry of the Rocky Mountain States: Fixed Payment Medieal Service in the Coal Mining Industry of the Rocky Mountain States; Fixed Payment Medical Service in the Coal and Metal Min ing Industries of the Central States; Fixed Payment Medical Service in the Coal Min ing Industry of the Appalachian States; The Hospital Contract System in the South ern West Virginia Coal Field; Fixed Medi cal Payment Service for Railroad Em ployees; Fixed Payment Medical Service Offered by Group Clinics. Community Health Associations, Community Hospitals, and Medical Benefit Corporations; Medical and Hospital Benefits Provided under Commer cial Accident and Health insurance Poli cies; Industrial Establishment Mutual Bene fit Associations Providing Medieal and Hos pital Care; and Trade Union Sick Benefit Funds Providing Medical and Hospital Care. This volume should be of definite interest to anyone who wishes to understand the fac tors which are basic in applying the prin ciple of insurance to the provision of medi cal care, through the many different sources now available in this country. C. 0. Sappington, M.D., Dr. P.B. OTHER BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS Accident Statistics: Accident Facts. 1932, Published bv the National Safety Council, Inc., 2o .Yurtii Wacker Drive, Chicago, 111., 1932, price I Pamphlet.) Public Safety >.-ri e. No. 26.) Fatalities. Their causes ana prevention, Published by the New York State Depart ment of Labor. SO Centre Street, New York City, 1932. Free. <'Pamphlet. I Bulletin No. 17.'.,) Asbestos: Asbestos Mining and Manufacturing. Published by the Retail Credit c0.. Atlanta. Ga., 1932. (Pamphlet.) (Industry Re- port.) Explosives: C. 8. Bureau of Mines. Liquid-Oxygen explosives. By (}. St, ,1. Perrott and X. .1. Toleh. Published by the U. 8, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. 1932 Price 25c. (Pamphlet.) (Bulletin 349.) Labor Legislation: New York labor laws enacted at the ex traordinary session of 1931 and the regular session of 1932, Published by the New York State Department of Labor, xO Centre Street, New York City, 1932. Free. ( Pam phlet.) ( Special Bulletin No, 174.1 Mines and Mining. Coal report of Illinois, 1931. Published by the State Department of Mines and Minerals, Springfield, 111., 1932. Free. (Book.) Petrt>!earn Industry: A. P. I. Manual on organization for acci dent prevention. Published by the Ameri can Petroleum Institute, Department of Ac cident Prevention, Dallas, Texas. 1932. Price loc. (Pamphlet.) PERIODICALS Automobile Drivers: Forbes, T. W., Measuring drivers' reac tions. in The Personnel Journal. August, 1932, p. 110-119. Electric Railways: Dana, E., Accidents reduced by research methods. In Transit Journal, August, 1932, p. 352-353. Traffic: Tuttle, L. S. and Holmes, E. H,, The de sign of street and highway intersections, in Public Roads. July, 1932, p. 73-38, Vacations: Billings, (!.. Mishaps on the tourist trail, in Bygeia, August, 1933, p. 6x9-693, Women in Industry: Hayes, E. G., Selecting women for shop work. In The Personnel Journal, August, 1932, p. 69-85. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 71 SAFETY SERVICE Customers say Davis Safety Equipment offers performance beyond expectation 29&30 We invite you to inspect our exhibit-Booths H'liwuwiiiiiiMiimmn>iiiiiiii|i>i iiiiiiiiniiiiMiiwiHiiiiumiimimiiiiiiiiniiiwiiHiiiiiiiiiihiiiiiiiwiiwiiwiiiiiiii'iiiiitiiBiiHiiiiiiiniwiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiwuMwijjp AT NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS I DAVIS SPECIALIZED PROTECTION % TO SAFEGUARD AGAINST EACH INDUSTRIAL HAZARD PDiinvitsAioind Gas Fraction Industrial Safety Etetneai Safety > Personal Divitian Equipment Division Equipment Division Protection Division Davis Davis Unit Unit Dressings Kits Davis Canister Masks Davis Ail*Woather Kits Davis Burn Kits bnafco Bite Packet Mine First Aid New Iodine Tannold-Burn Dint, Davis Hot Pads Contest Outfits Stretchers Splints Davis Canisters Davit Air Line Masks Davis Eleetrie Blower Davis Safety Beits Davis Safety H arnoss DI.aWvis. tnhataters Gas Indicator | Respirators Bulletin Beards Fire Blankets 6. E. Hand Cream lustrlte Waste Cans /ustrite Safety Cans Safety Ladder Feet Davis Body Belts Davis Safety Straps Davis Tool Buckets Davis Solder Catcher Davis Spur Protector Stephens Climbers Climber Straps and Pads Pliers Rubber Blankets Blanket Canisters Protective Sleeves Davis Saf-T* Hats Safes Leggings Safes Spats Safes Sleeves Safee Asbestos Mittens Safee Helmets Safee Coats Safee Pants Safes Aprons Gauze Bandages 1 Muslin Bandages Absorbent Gauze Serious thought about Proteetian Adhesive Plaster leads to the use of Absorbent Cotton i Saf-T-Top Betties i DAVIS SAFETY EQUIPMENT 1 Avail yourself of fhe prompt service From local stocks New York City Buffalo, N.Y. Chicago, ill. Dallas, Texas Houston, Texas San Francisco Los Angeies 55 Van Dam Street 76 Pearl Street 440 W. Washington Street 1039 Young Street 720 Leeland Avenue 300 Second Street 1248 S. Hope Street How clean safe' are your floors 1 You hear much about sure-footedness and safe tooting as accident preventives. '`Watch your' step" signs are conspicuous in most plants. Equally conspicuous should be Hoor cleanliness. Cleanliness is a prerequisite to safety. Clean, bright floors influence careful practices, reduce personal accidents, lessen fire hazards. They stimulate efficient production and accurate work. Finnell equipment gets floors dean . and keeps them. Scrubs . . dry scrubs . . waxes and polishes . . whatever is best for the floor surface . , and produces beautiful, sanitary and safe floors. Write for information. It costs nothing to learn what a Finnell installation will do. A Finnell representative will be glad to come to your plant, without obligating you at all. and make a recom mendation for you to consider. Why not write or wire, today.' Address FINNELL SYSTEM, INC, 1009 East Street, Elkhart, Indiana. FINNELL Ett. 1906 ELECTRIC FLOOR MACHINE SYSTEM OF FLOOR MAINTENANCE For Scrubbing--Waxing--Polishing SEPTEMBER, 1932 Scrubs and picks up the water in one operation A marvelous com bination machine -- Finnell No, 90. Scrubs for lets than mopping ct$t. Other Finneils Here's one way to solve am eye protection problem Radio Star Cooperates in Safety Campaign THE CESCO `TROJAN" GOGGLE One of our old customers says that they hare their men use the CESCO "TROJAN" exclusively for eye protec tion in many parts of their plant. They like its better ventilation features, the increased vision and unre stricted view to be had because of the wide 50 mm. lenses. Comment has been made that the "TROJAN" is comfortable to wear, because of individual right and left eye cups that prevent severe pressures in any one spot. This customer uses the TROJAN with Super-Safety Lenses for chipping, grinding, caulking and other jobs where severe impact hazards are encountered. In the welding department their TROJANS have Cesco-Weld Lenses. Wouldn't such a goggle be good for you ? Sample goggles and literature on request. Write today. CHICAGO EYE SHIELD CO. 2 3 0 0 Warren Blvd. CHICAGO Machine Guards Erdle Perforated Metal is the easy, practical and economical answer to your machine guard needs. Made in various gauges; No. 22 gauge always in stock. Sheets 36x120 inches with /z inch holes. Your handy man can make up and install any type of guard from Erdle per forated metal. Write tor samples and details ERDLE PERFORATING COMPANY 171 York Street Rochester, N. Y. JULIA SANDERSON, famous musi* eal comedy favorite and star of the Bond Bakers radio program is shown with a striking safety poster of the General Baking Company. This timely poster prominently displayed in all Bond bakeries, warned more than 2,300 drivers to he extra care ful during the vacation season. Not All Are Entitled to Insurance Benefits ONLY those who are fit to enjoy them are entitled to participate in the benefits of insurance. The care less. who add unnecessarily to the losses, and the dishonest who are not averse to receiving a profit, out of the loss rather than indemnity for the actual loss sustained, have no proper place in the insurance institution-- likewise the barnacles who get some thing out of the insurance business without contributing anything of value to it. Only by very careful se lection can these classes be kept out. --Sew Turk Journal of Oommerce. Notice of Annual Meeting of Members, N. S. C. IN accordance with Article 3, Sec tion 4 of the National Safety t 'ouncil by-laws, notice is hereby given to members of the National Safety Coun cil of the"Annual Meeting of mem bers, to take place at the Ward man Park Hotel, Washington, it. C,, at 9:30 a. m., October 3, 1932. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS nm OgCimtK l*ffl ill 4 1 4 ? 9 W B tt tt 14 W I? It M % 11 n U M it 17 if Mi 31 ifcr; suiT~Mcn?...Ttl'I'.....weS'.".51?'.... f'kT 123496 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Q # mJ fuUM-n UstQ'N YOUR IMPRINT HERE OVER The 1933 SAFETY CALENDAR Pictures the Progress ofSafety" HE 1933 Safety Calendar takes for its basic Ttheme the "Progress of Safety " It records in word and picture the illuminating contrast yesterdays pioneering effort with today's accident prevention science. Here is a story of absorbing interest that constitutes a valuable contribution to the literature of safety. With Other New Features Eleven nationally known artists were selected to paint the twelve illustrations. They are done in oils and are reproduced in full color and in all the richness of the originals. Mr. Welsh, who has a national reputation for his treatment of allegorical themes, has given his best in the unique and beautiful frontis piece (see this illustration reproduced in full color on the other side of this page). The American home comes into its own in the 1933 Calendar. More than a hundred practical household "safety kinks" and hints are offered as suggestions to the housewife. Each one is illustrated and this badly needed Code of Home Safety vies with the featured "Progress of Safety" in bringing the readers attention to the back pages. The new, simple yet attractive border, with a reduced calendar pad, permits larger, more detailed and more dramatic paintings. If you have not received your sample write for it today. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 20 N. Wacker Drive Chicago O-f Few of the 98 j Members Who Distrib. uted the 1932 Calendar A. P. W- Paper Company Aluminum Company or Canada, I4H A mencaa Bride* Company American Mutual Liability lrseur*QClf > American Radiator Company American Steel Foundries Anaconda Copper Minin* Company Appalachian dectrio Power f 'ompanv Associated Gaa 4 Electric The Barber Asphalt Company Banwdall Refineries, Inc. Belt Railway Company of Chicago Bemu Bros, Bag Company Bergstrom Paper Company Bird A Son. Inc. 1 The Booth-Kelly I.umber Company Braden Copper Company Brock A Rankin : The Brunswirk-Balke-CoUender Company BunkerJfiU A Sullivan Minin* A Concoatra. Burroughs Wellcome 6 Co. < (JRA) Inc, Cams Chemical Company, Inc, <Vntral Hudeon Gas 4 Electric l ompany The Champion Coated Paper Company of ;The Chesapeake 4 Potomac Telephone Company Chicago By-Product Coke Company City (ce Company of Kansas City The Connecticut Power Company Consolidated Gas Company of New York The Delaware 4 Hudson Railroad Corporation E. , du Pontde Nemours 4 Company Duquesne Light Company Thomas A. Edison. Inc. i Employers Reinsurance Corporation Federal Minin* 4 Smelting Company The Fisk Rubber Company 1> General Accident Fire 4 Ufa Assurance Oorp., Ltd. General Chemical Company 'ieneral Electric Company Genera! Foods Corporation General Motors Corporation The Grasselli Chemical Company, Use. 1 Great Northern Railway Company Hardward Mutual Casualty Company I Hercules Powder Company Hooker Electrochemical Company Illinois Boll Telephone Company Illinois Power 4 Light Corporation ' international Paper Company Iowa Mutual Liability Insurance Company Jersey Central Power 4 Light Company Spencer Kellogg 4 dons, inc, 11m fCoppers Company The Lehigh 4 Hudson River Railway , Company Lehigh 4 New England Railroad Company Lehigh Portland Cement Company Libby, Mo Neill 4 Libby Lumbermen's Mutual Casualty Company The MamphisStreet Railway Mississippi Valley Structural Steel Company New York Edison Company Penn Centra! Light 4 Power tiompany Pennsylvania Manufacturers Assn. Casualty Insurance Co. Phelps Dodge Corporation Philadelphia Electric Gompany 1 The Procter 4 Gamble Company The Pullman Company Royal Indemnity Company j The Solray Process Company Standard OilCompany Standard Steel Car Corporation I Chariee H. Tenney 4 Company The Texas Company ! Trojan Powder Company Union Paoifie Railroad Company Union Tank Car Company ' The United States Aluminum Company United States Rubber Company i United State* Smelting 4 Kenning Company Yaeuum OilCompany, Inc. Westchester Lighting Company Western Union Telegraph Company Westlngbouse Electric 4 .Manufacturing Company Willard Storage Battery Company Wisconsin Power 4 Light Company The Youngstown Sheet 4 Tube Company j Price Schedule ldllPrk'sP.O.B.Chicw) ! Quantity Packed Hat Enclosed in 10 bulk mailing tu Single oopy 80,50 at* * U 80.40- 42 12 to 99 M .37 100 to i99 300 to 499 ,47 ,29 SOO to 999 ,26 27 1,000 to 4,009 24 26 6,000 to 9,009 .23 .25 10,000 or over ,24 ,24 The Plant Physician < I'utilhnirii front pa;/<- 14, There you are There is no place where you come in such close contact with tile working man as in the plant clinic, and it is there that the greatest lessons in health can he put over. you can't do better than use It used to be thought had for the men in the plant to know* when an ac cident occurred, and had for other workmen to see the injured man. E do not agree with that. The injured workman is a great object lesson; i do not know any better preacher in tiie cause of accident prevention than the man who lias lost an eye or a hand. The big opportunity of the medical department to aid in the safety pro gram really comes in its direct con tact work with the employee. F think you will agree with me that the re lation between the injured man and the plant physician should be strictly confidential. This confidential rela tion never should be jeopardized and no advantage should ever be taken of what a man tells or confesses to the plant doctor. The clinic doctor should not be merely one who treats bruises and other injuries, but should have a social vision and a professional inter est in ail the problems that come be fore him. Protex Toe SAFETY SHOES Comfortable shoes--easy to wear--neat appearing and give the wearer assurance that he's getting 100% foot protection. They'll prevent many a painful injury. Have your men wear them, make them comfortable and be on the safe side. Protex Toe Industrial Shoes always have been and always will be well made---the materials are the best obtainable and they'll give long service under the most severe conditions. v0u can't find better values anywhere. He should ask himself, "Why do I get so many injuries, and why do I have so many cases of illness V If he finds that employees are continually complaining of headaches, especially in certain departments (as in a shoe factory), his curiosity should at once be aroused to question "Why?" And lie may find that the men are exposed to an excess of one thing or another --for instance, benzine. The work man's health is his most vital pos session and he must help him to con serve it. If you have never tried Protex Toe Safety Shoes, try them now and have your men enjoy the best industrial foot wear at a saving. Write for information and prices. Complete line of safetg shoes for every industrial requirement Leon ScKiff &) Co. 108 West Lake St. Otleajgo, Illinois The all-day dispensary is a great melting pot for human experiences and the right man in charge becomes both priest and physician, confessor and advisor. Sometimes a man is un happy for psychological reasons; the relations between him and the men about him, or between him and his foreman are a constant source of irri tation. The doctor knows that the right mental conditions are just as important to the welfare and efficiency of workers, have just as much to do with output and profits, as do physical conditions. Order a D. 4k M. A wtomatie Guard for 30 days FREE trial, State six* and make of pres* and whether left to right or right to left swing is wanted. for MI IS II SPEED PRODUCTION plus high grade protection Use 0. & M. Automatic punch press Guards. Always out of the way of feeding, D. & M.'g also give super protection that allows your operator to do his best work. D. & M. Automatics fit any punch press made---are easily instailed by merely drilling and tapping 2 holes --swing either right or left as desired and have an ex clusive, patented shield preventing operator from reach ing behind the guard. LOW IN PRICE--118.50 to $28.00. TAYLOR-SHANTZ CO. 486 ST. PAUL STREET ROCH ESTER, N. Y SEPTEMBER, 1932 T6 Vvhereverll the footing|p must e sure fEWTIHL KNOBBY and\ KNOBBYETTE Non-Skid FloorPlutis Made in any desired size or weight. Indoors, outdoors, anv and everywhere -- Central Floor Plates will be found guiding the feet of humanity along paths of never- failing safety. Registered in IT. S. Pat. Off, and Underwriter* and Laboratories Inspected S. A. 443 Send for interesting booklet de* scribing construction, application and advantages. Clssi Isss SnfiC* HARRISBURG, PENNA. Beuefesa ia Priaoipal Cttt*. Harsh words, sarcasm from a fnre man or superintendent, cause rim fj0,, tor his hardest job. Fears of all kinds' discontent, financial troubles, sickness and trouble at home, love affairs bad habits and innumerable other things cause mental and physical depres sions that arise daily and undermine the health of the employee, [t js as essential to remove these as it is to tie up a cut finger. Sickness and in juries are both company liabilities, What I have pointed out in relation to the workman is true also in large measure as applied to the plant execu tive. Men in the higher positions worry over the job until the break, and they need to be looked after now and then. They have their troubles in wielding control over a large or ganization. They neglect themselvps and need to visit the doctor's repair shop. Their carburetors need adjust ing. As a result, when we have im paired health we have inefficiency, a liability to industry, to family and to the community. If the doctor can anticipate and re move the causes of ill health, either in the environment or in the human body, then it is plain that he is a vi tal part of the plant accident preven tion work. THE DOOR ' CHISELER is the fellow who takes it for granted that "PRIVATE" does not mean him. But Stonehouse signs, for this purpose, say 'stay out' in such a way that even the chiseler understands and obeys it. SIDNS.INC Stonehouse Bldg. 9th at Larimer DENVER COLORADO "STONEHOUSE SIGNS SINCE 1863" fOf./t Electric Railway Teaches Public with Posters THE trolley cars of the Northumber land County Railway Company, Sunburv, Pa., operated throughout the year 1931, traveling a total of 176,000 railway miles, without a single serious accident. Nothing in the way of an accident was suffered except very minor brushes with a few reckless automobiles. This success of the motormen in avoiding accidents is attributed by the management to the assiduous use of safety posters and other educa tional material of the National Safety Council, of which the company is a member, and a steady campaign of education carried out by the company officers. "We have a large window on the public street," writes the secretary of the trolley company, ``and the posters bat are general in their safety edu cation, we paste on the glass, and it is surprising the number of people who stop to read and look them over. The Council's Safety calendar is also a constant reminder of the safety cam paign both in the home and to the employee himself." NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Let's Change the Safety Man's Title in major injury cases." We know that "eight out of ten injured men are themselves largely responsible for By FRANK MORRIS' their hurts." And we know that "at ieast *0 per cent of personal injury IX THE early days of the indus eases arp within the control of super trial accident prevention movement vision. the appeal to rhe employer was Vet there are today some so-called usually made by pointing to a bucket safety men who still carry around of blood and rattling a bag of bones. that proverbial "bucket of blood." Hut because this approach was entire ly emotional, the safety program too often was allowed to lapse and the march to the hospital continued with little or no abatement. Isn't it time we advocated the abol ishment of the title "Safety Direct or" and substituted for it that of "Assistant to the Production Man ager ? ' ' In these more advanced days we define accident as "an interruption to production.'' We know that "the safe plant is the efficient plant." We have calculated that for every per sonal injury accident there are "100 other interruptions to production." Moreover, we perceive that ` ` for every dollar paid in compensation for injuries the employer pays four dol lars in indirect costs. '' Statistics show us that "the pro ductive time lost in minor personal injury cases is three times that lost For we have made tremendous ad vances in knowledge of how to control personal injuries in industry. Our former approach to the problem has been thrown into the scrap heap, and now we talk chiefly about increasing production and lowering the unit costs. This may sound unorthodox to many of the sincere men who have always used the "prevent human suf fering" and "widows and orphans" pleas, with little regard for the plain "dollars and cents" arguments. But the truth is that this unlovely and Assistant Chief Engineer, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co-, Boston, Mass. unemotional approach to the so-called humanitarian problem is sound eco nomically, and our experience is that omplovers are eager to follow up such a sane procedure. This: "increase production" plan prevents more personal injuries than does the old `Always Be Careful" method, and that is the result we are all striving for. Yellow fever interfered with build ing the Panama Canal, so we found rhe cause, eliminated it, and finished the canal. We haven't been bothered with yellow fever since. Let's dispose of that old misnomer "safety director." Unfit Operator Surrenders His License FEELING himself physically incom petent to operate a motor vehicle on the highways with safety, a man in Franklin, Pa., voluntarily revoked his operator's license for 1932. In a sworn statement which accompanied his returned license he stated that he was suffering from nervous and physical infirmities which, he felt, made him an unsafe driver. FOOT INJURIES CAN BE PREVENTED Foreman Tgpe For Office Wear Hundreds of thousands of dollars in lost time and compensation costs have been saved through the use of LEHIGH "SAFETY" SHOES; and their use is extending rapidly throughout the industrial world. Visit our EXHIBIT BOOTH 32, Safety Congress, October 3-7, 1932. LEHIGH SAFETY SHOE COMPANY ALLENTOWN, PA. SEPTEMBER, 1932 Never a Fire or Accident ! Safety Program Includes APPROVED SAFETY ECOLITE No. 40-UV, Pat. Panel. Caused By An Community Service By R. S. HUFFMAN* Ecolite Safety Lantern Ecoiite No. 40-UV is the only portable electric lantern recom mended by the Underwriters' Lab oratories. You can avoid many costly fires and accidents by equipping workmen with recommended Ecolite 40-UV safety lanterns. Many industrials' are standardized for ail locations or work requiring safe portable lights. Safety engineers, fire, accident and indemnity insurance inspectors all recommend them. This safety light costs no more than ordi nary, unapproved portable lights. It is more economical to operate. It lasts longer than any other portable light in any class of service. LIST PRICE $4.50 lest battery List Price Battery, 50c each F. O. B. Chicago Usual Trade Discounts For further detail addreet DEPT. A ECONOMY ELECTRIC LANTERN CO. CHICAGO ILLINOIS THE organized safety work of the Oklahoma Natural Has Cor poration has not been allowed to suffer, in spite of the neces sity for drastic economies. In the words of President E. A. Olsen, "Safety is one of the most construc tive and practical activities a public utility can sponsor." Our experience shows a substantial saving both in time and money as a result of the safety work we have stressed. In 1930, with a total daily average of 1,565 employees, there were 86 acci dents in which time was lost. In 1931, however, with an average of 1,097 employees, these accidents were reduced to 22. We trace the improve ment directly to the influence of the safety and first aid classes which have been organized along the lines sug gested by the Bureau of Mines. We have what is known as the Okla homa Natural Service Club in each district. These include Tulsa, Okla homa City, Enid, Muskogee, Okmul gee, and Morris, Oklahoma, and clubs will soon be organized in Ardmore and Shawnee. These places all have their meetings monthly, the programs consisting of safety talks, entertain ment and quarterly first-aid contests. Recently we had a first-aid eiimina- Personnel Director, The Oklahoma Natural Gas Corporation, Tulsa, Okla, tion contest among the teams from all over our system in Tulsa, our Morris, Oklahoma, team winning first place. This team was entered in the Okla homa Utilities Association first aid contest and won first place with a silver loving cup as the trophy. One of the outstanding activities in our safety program is the operation of two emergency cars, one being lo cated in Tulsa and the other in Okla homa City. In addition to the purely local work necessary on our com pany's service, these cars answer all city fire alarm calls and are available twenty-four hours a day. The active participation of the Tulsa ear in this service is one reason why that city's fire insurance loss has been sliced nearly $500,000 annually. The cars are fast coupes, fitted with a light truck body, and are fully equipped to fight fires. They also carry a complete first aid equipment, including an oxygen lung inhalator. Two men can ride on the rear step, in addition to the two riding in the driver's seat. However, it is cus tomary to use only two men for each call, unless more are needed. The ears are painted a bright red and have a siren to help in obtaining traffic clearance. The oar equipment includes band ages, splints, blower type gas masks. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS latest type firemen's hats and slick TRUEers, safety tank, blankets, hot pads, powerful electric removable lamps, axes, and a CO, tire extinguisher. Tile crews have been trained in ad vanced rirst aid methods and in a knowledge of poisons and gases. It once fell to the lor of the Tulsa crew to revive an entire family that had been overcome by gas, and on an other occasion they thwarted a suicide attempt by asphyxiation. During a bad fire two women were overcome by BEGINS WITH heart attacks and were successfully revived. On still another occasion it was necessary to rush the car with an iniialator to Okmulgee, 50 miles from Tulsa, to resuscitate a boy who had been overcome by gas. Our men's first aid team from Ok Safi footing lahoma City recently had an oppor tunity to do some practical work on the road. The team was returning home after participation in the elim ination contest when, just ahead of them, another automobile was struck In the best protected plants, men repeatedly fall into danger and are injured because of uncertain footing. by a train. Prompt and efficient work by the team made matters sim ple for the doctors when they arrived. In addition to the various men's first aid teams, we have a girl's team in the Tulsa office, and this is con stantly in demand to appear before GRO-CORD soles and keels provide a non-ulip walking surface for workmen at all times wkerever tkey may step. Heavy cord tire cords embedded uprigkt in live rubber make Gro-Cords non-slip. Wear keeps tke cord ends bare and workmen safe from falls. civic clubs and other organizations to demonstrate its ability. Only GRO-CORD can use tkis amazing patented feature. In tke interests of safe footing, write Judge: '`Well, what is your alibi GRO-CORD for full information. for speeding 50 miles an hour ? ' ' Traffic Offender: "Your honor, I THE LIMA CORD SOLE AMD HEEL CO. had just heard that the ladies of my Dept. 8-F Lima, Ohio wife's church were giving a rummage sale and I was hurrying home to save my other pair of pant^.'' Judger "Case dismissed!" GRO-CORDS Are Widely Used In Dairies Iron end Steel Foundries Railroad Shops Auto Factories Gas and Electric Plants Ice and Fuel Stations Packing Houses Stone Quarries iMines General Warehouses FaOy pfotccttt! by Pitwti Errors SEPTEMBER, 1932 THE SAFE WAY Never Slip Safety damps for use in handling boiler plate constitute the safe sure way to perform this operation. They have many advantages over oldfashioned hooks and chains because they do not have a tendency to slip, as the weight of the piece pulls the clamp tighter. Boiler plates are easily damaged-- don't tolerate clamps that encour age bent, chipped work. The safe way is the only profitable way. Write for complete details . Never Slip Safety Clamp Co. 51 East 42nd St., New York SO Worth's ANTI-SUP Floor Cleanser SAVES TIME AND MONEY Keeps Dirt Out Modernize your methods of cleaning. New and original floor cleaning and sweeping com pounds for wood, metal, marble, mosaic, terrazzo floors. EASILY APPLIED, merely scatter over floor and and SWEEP with push-broom. This SINGLE and SIMPLE operation lays DUST, takes up DIRT and CLEANS swiftly. LEAVES FLOOR ABRASIVE, protects from injuries due to slipping and automatically reduces liability risks. Approved for use by casualty insurance companies. Obtainable in 10 pound packages or in steel drums of 50,100 and 250 pounds. WORTH MILLING COMPANY, Inc. Middletown, Conn. 36 West 44th Street, New York City Tel.: Mumy-Hill 2, 2050 hSeduce, fire hazards... insuranceJjme/i I t*IM.ORKNlMfr- sss,11^05 ###### OtuMcm shop | cAnnueiftKCT > fro* fiu.in 1 STAYtOM HOC. IF NtCCSSARY. ay nice run* net. wtu. oo. efficiency... JUSTRITE Safety Appliance* ate in spected and labeled by the Underwriters, Inc., and theAssociated Factories Mutual Fire Insurance Companies. Protect your plant --your employees--install the lat est improved 1USTRITE Safety Devices. See vour dealers or write us for interest ing prices and literature. Justrite Watte Can Capacity'"6,8, 10* 14 gallon* JUSTRITE SAFETY CAN For explosive and volatile liquids. Leaking and evapora tion are prevented by automatic spring controlled spout cap. Non-explosive even under extreme beat. Natural hand $rip. Sizes--*4 5 gallons; can he filled direct from filling station hose. No special funnel* required. Handy--convenient--sure safety. JUSTRITE WASTE CAN Opens with Foot--Closes Automatically For oilv waste rags and other inflammable material. Auto* matte. Foot operated. Leaveshands free. No springs. Port able. Quickly emptied. Non-ieakable.Sixethto 14 gallons. JUSTRITE MFfa. CO. 2087 SOUTHPORT AVENUE......................CHICAGO Justrite Safety Can Sizes--l pint to 5 gallons SHOW THE SAFETY "SPIRIT OF '32" AT WASHINGTON OCTOBER 3-7 r:w" ^j How Diet Affects Fatigue and Efficiency FIND out what, the applicant eats before you hire him, was the advice given by Dr. Donald A. Laird, di rector of the Colgate University Psychological Laboratory, at the sum mer meeting of the National office Management Association. The psychol ogist pointed out the growing body of scientific knowledge which shows the importance of diet as concerns fatigue and efficiency. Iron and copper hearing foods, calcium and phosphorus bearing foods, and carbohydrate foods are the ones. Dr. Laird reported, which scientific research is showing to have a profound relation to fatigue and production. Studies were cited which discovered that workers on a habit ually low carbohydrate diet were lower in production than when they wrere put on a high carbohydrate diet. What is probably of more interest to the worker is the discovery that he does not feel fatigued as much when on the high carbohydrate diet. This paradox of doing more work and feel ing less fatigued about it, is due to the carbohydrate foods being the primary sources of muscular energy, "The plant* cafeteria, lunch room, and canteen should take these facts into consideration,1' Dr. Laird com mented. "By supplying predomi nately carbohydrates they can help production and feelings of tiredness, especially in the afternoon work spell. A mid-afternoon sweet snack of a chocolate bar or a few cm,kies is an excellent 'pick-up' from fatigue.'' NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS SI THE HONOR ROLL Details of no-accident records in excess of 400,000 man-hours, or 200 working days, are invited for this department Empire Refining Company Working a total of *#<5,273 man-hours without a iost-time accident, the Empire tetining division has set a company record for the first six months of 1932. This record won for the refining division the management's trophy for the periud. consecutive months without a lost-time | accident. 'The employees are scattered in various departments through Arkansas, | Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Ten nessee, During the months of April. May and June they worked a total of 403,437 mun-hours m safety, Mid-Continent Petroleum Corp, The car repair department of the Mid'ontinent organization has worked through two and one-half years without a lost-time accident. The record runs from January 28, 1930, to July 28, 1932, and comprises a total of 335,846 man-hours. Fifty-seven men are employed in the department, do ing all kinds of light and heavy repairs to steel tank cars, including painting and general maintenance. Georgia Power Company With an average of 3,782 employees, the Georgia Power Company, Atlanta, worked throughout the month of June, for a total of 736,400 man-hours, without a lost-time accident. This is the first time that these employees have succeeded in completing a calendar month in perfect safety, and it has stimulated both the management and the employees to greater efforts in aecident'prevention. Inland Steel Co. All departments of the Inland Steel Company, Indiana Harbor Works, re cently completed a no accident period of 52 days without a lost time accident. This record was made during the period May 22 to July 12, inclusive. Having worked during the period 124,101 man turns with an average of 8.1 hours per turn or a total of 1,005.218 hours. Following are several department records as of July 26: Coke Plant, 420 days, 325,896 hours. Tie Plate & Splice Bar, 922 days, 403,722 hours. 14 inch Merchant Mills, 747 days, 591,842 hours. 10 inch Merchant Mills, 501 days, 381,378 hours. Bolt & Rivet, 453 days, 91,377 hours. Stores & Refractories, 846 days, 366.568 iiours. Steam, 1244 days, 365,736 hours. Masons, 742 days, 248,224 hours. Roll Shop, 1372 days, 560,032 hours. Track Labor, 553 days, 183,656 hours. Transportation, 848 days, 690,664 hours. Inspection, 658 days, 301,616 hoars. Blast Furnaces, 283 days, 465,492 hours. 36 inch Bloom & 19 inch Mills, 329 days, 204,402 hours. Structural & Rail Mills, 266 days, 492.012 hours. Sheet Galvanizing, 349 days, 201,580 hours. Mechanical. 2S6 days, 349,528 hours. Power. 238 days, 163,512 hours. Electrical, 292 days, 40,592 hours. Yard Labor, 234 days, 131,632 hours. Miscellaneous departments, 805 days, 1,123,720 hours. All departments of the plant, with the exception of eight, have gone more than 200 days without a lost-time injury. Lion Oil Refining Company The Lion organization, consisting of 493 employees, has now gone through three New Orleans Corrugated Box Co. With an average of 105 employees, the Bogaiusa plant of New Orleans Corrugated Box Company has operated 656 working days without a lost-time accident. The exposure was approximately 500,000 man hours. On July 26 the record was still unbroken. The plant is a subsidiary of Robert Gaylord, Inc., St. Louis, and there has been safety competition between branches during the past three years. Northwestern Bell Telephone Co. Four years without a lost-time accident have been completed by the Sioux City district of the Northwestern Bell Tele phone Company. The last lost-time acci dent occurred July 13, 1928. The 134 em ployees have worked a total of 1,410,720 man-hours in the period. Following closely is the Davenport dis trict of this company, which has not expe rienced a lost-time accident since July 8, 1.929. The average number of employees in this district has been 172, and they have worked 1,209,472 man-hours without a lost-time accident. Philadelphia Electric Company On July 10 the entire Philadelphia Elec tric Company organization, approximating 7,150 employees, completed a period of 33 days, or 1,700,000 man-hours, without a iost-time accident. This is the largest number of consecutive days without a losttime accident in the history of the com pany. Tide Water Oil Co. During the six months ending June 30, live of the ten groups of the Tide Water Oil Company worked 634,143 man-hours without a lost-time accident. The man ager's trophy, for which the units were competing, was won by Group No. 7, with an exposure of 155,893 man-hours with out a iost-time accident. This group con sists of East Jersey Railroad, East Jersey Lighterage, Industrial Railway and Motors, Material Warehouse, Salvage and Supply, and Material Handlers. During the con test period the ten groups worked 1,420,902 man-hours with nine accidents involving a total loss of 2,792 working hours. Wickwire Spencer Steel Co. On July 21 Morgan Works of the Wickwire Spencer Steel Company at Worcester, Mass., completed two years of operation SEPTEMBER, 1932 Try This Free We'd like to give you sample tube of Saf-fast, the liquid adhe sive for fastening bandages. You will find Saf-fast remarkably use ful in all bandaging operations, just squeeze a little from the tube onto the bandage (Saf-fast soaks through about three layers of gauze) and it dries in 20-30 sec onds, holding the gauze perfectly. Saf-fast is pure white, absolutely sanitary, and not affected by oil, or water, or gasoline. Men whose bandages are fastened with Saffast can go right back to work without danger of bandages com ing unfastened. Saf-fast is quick and sure. Doctors, Nurses and Safety Engineers all should try Saf-fast. Get your sample at Booth 20, Annual Safety Con gress, or-- 155 Anderson Ave. Rochester, N. Y. Pleas* send me a Free Tube of Saf-fast. Firm.................. ................................_................. ................. Address.... ..................................................................... :v Blow, Spray Suction-clean This portable electric blower delivers DRY air, FREE FROM OIL, at high velocity, yet compar atively low pressure. Endorsed It is instantly convertible for suction-cleaning stocks, bins, auto interiors, furniture, overhesd pipes, rafters, line-shafting, etc., or for spraying insecticides, paints, lacquers, etc. The most complete equipment for every suction-cleaning or spraying requirement. ... by Insurance Underwriters It quickly, and efficiently cleans motors, generators, convertors, shafting, overhead piping, etc. Reduces fire risk and danger of "shorts" and "burnouts." Lengthens life of motors. Helps prevent shutdowns. No installation. Universal motor. At tach to any light socket. Less than 2c an hoar to run. Ball bearing--no oiling. 4 models. Fully- GUARANTEED by 20-year-oM company, originators and largest manufacturers of portable electric blowers, used by over 20,009 concerns. TRY THIS SLOWER 10 DAYS. Then pay for it or return at our expense. WRITE TODAY. Clements Mf*. Co., 567 Clements Bldg. 6650 So. Narragansett Ave., Chicago Ball-bearing wit limit fi lost-time accident. During t||j time the average number of employ,.,.* 271 and the *\poure was l(iwn,462 hours. The mill manufacture* wire <pnngs, operating a wire mil], hmir treat ing rooms and related activities, with presses, forming machines, and. 'pcn-il mitomatie madiinerv. This record wnn for the plant a certificate of merit from the insurance earner. Wood-Mosaic Co. On July 24, the Walnut Veneer Depart ment of the Wood-Mosaic* t'ompany, f.om*. ville, Kv., completed lJtHO working davs without n lost-time accident. The exposure totaled 327,493 man-hours, An energetic safety committee was the principal fai-for in making this record, according to F. Starkey, safety director for rhe <-ompany. The present a<*cident prevention program was adopted in 19*26 when \l>, Starkey was placed in charge, in 192X n safety trophy was offered l\v the cmnpanv to the employees of the department which made the best record during the year. At this time the Walnut Veneer Department was far behind the other three depart ments but came from behind to win with a record of 353 days without a lost-time accident. The accident which terminated this record was the last which has occurred in the Walnut Veneer Department to date, in the annual statistical tabulations of the National Safety Council the Walnut Veneer .Department ranked first in its group in 1930 and second in 1931. The Oak Veneer Department has operated 663 days without a lost-time accident. Sanitary Paper Cuspidor JUST the thing you have been looking for to promote plant cleanliness. Men must spit and if not provided with con venient receptacles the corners suffer and you have an unsightly plant. Burnitoi waterproofed paper cuspidors are too inexpensive and too easy to handle to tolerate careless spitting habits in any plant. They will save their cost in janitor time. 1,000 cost only $8J0 F. O. B. Boston or send $3J0 for a trial order of 210--sent prepaid. Burnitoi Manufacturing Company Everett Station Boston, Mass. Coming Events Associations featuring safety in their programs are invited to send dates of meetings Sspt. 26-30, Swampscott, Mass. illuminating Engineering Society. An nual Convention. E. H. Hobbie, general secretary, 29 West 39th Street, New York City. Oct, 3-7, Washington, B. C, National Safety Council, Twentv-iirst Annual Safety Congress. W. H. Cameron, managing director. National Safety Coun cil, 20 North Wacker Drv#% Chicago. Oct. 10-14, Atlantic City, N. J. American Gas Association. Annual Con vention. Alexander Forward, managing director. 420 Lexington Ave., New York City, Oct. 24-27, Washington, D. C. American Public Health .Association. 61st Annual Meeting. Dr. Kendall Emer son, American Public Health Association, 450 Seventh Ave., New York City. Nov, 3-4, Winston-Salem, N. C, Third Annual State-wide Industrial Safety Conference. H. G. Padgett, direc tor of safety. North Carolina Industrial Commission, Raleigh, S. C. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Unenforced Safety Rule Is No Defense AILURE Iin the part of rhe '-m- Ider such circumstances rhe failure to use the harness can hardly be deemed IRON AGE to be willful, in the sense .... of the ' SAFETY SHOESstatutes. . . The failure to use the F ployer to enforce safety rules has device was not in the nature of a again been found sutfieient grounds detiance of the rule of the company, by the court to award full compensa but because its use was connected with tion to an injured employee, even discomfort, because it interfered with though the injury was brought on by the operator's dispatch of duties, and his disobedience of the rules. The because, notwithstanding the repri burden of responsibility rests square mands. rhe failure to use the device ly upon the shoulders of the employer. was tolerated,'' The case in point is that of Milwau kee Corrugating < `ompany vs. Win ters. Supreme Court of Wisconsin, 222 X. W. 251. where the employer sought to have compensation reduced on the ground that at the time of the injury the defendant. Winters, was not wearing the safety device pro vided. The law says specifically that "Where injury is caused by the will ful failure of the employee to use safety devices where provided by the employer" a certain reduction in com pensation may be made. Nevertheless, each case is decided upon its individual merits. Winters was a drop hammer operator. These hammers were equipped with a safety device consisting of a strap so at tached to the arm of the operator and the hammer that if he failed to remove his hand from the zone of danger, as the hammer fell it would automatical ly jerk the operator's hand into the clear. Under the shop rules opera tors were required to use this "har ness." Winters lost his left hand while operating the hammer without the safety device. Evidence was introduced to show that while the safety rule existed and the defendant was aware of it, the rule was never truly enforced; that the safety device was cumbersome and interfered to some extent with the operator's movements, and for that reason the device was not generally worn. In addition, the defendant showed that, while the drop hammer operators were reminded of the rule to use the safety device when caught working without it, a reprimand was always the extent of punishment. As the re sult of this policy, the rule was never taken very seriously by the employees and more or less open disobedience was the rule rather than the ex ception. The court said: "Such a situation amounts practically to a tacit consent on the part of the employer, and un- What Do We Mean by Accident Prone? ii'itniinued from put/e 20) have continued such a practice until we acquired better knowledge and could in turn educate them f Place a baby at the top of a flight of stairs, leave it unguarded, and soon or late it will tumble down the Hight; moreover, it will repeat this perform ance as often at it is left in such an Every pair Guaranteed unguarded position. But install a gate across the stairs and such ac cidents will promptly cease. Is this any reason for calling the baby in the meantime accident prone? New employees, untaught in safety and improperly selected for their jobs, are more or less like that baby; but with ever increasing knowledge in the art of job selection, periodic cheeks both on physical health and mental attitude, and more intensive accident prevention work, fewer employees will be misplaced and the so-called "ac cident-prone" employee will dis appear. I RON Age Safety Shoes A protect the toes from in jury. Built with steel box or rigid composition noninflammable box. Con structed with heavy double durable soles, insuring pro tection against nails, slivers and foot bruises. Your choice--Grocord, Oak or Chrome leather soles. They stand for foot-ease and pro tection. In the meantime, the term "ac cident-prone" carries a stigma alto gether too sweeping in its implica See and Hear About tions, the inference being that such employees are all a general hazard, like "typhoid Mary"--that they are IRON AGE SHOES AT OUR prone to accident wherever placed; whereas even the advocates of the term mean as a rule only prone to accident in a particular job. You remember the old saving--"Give a dog a had name and you might as well hang him." A new employer would look with suspicion on any employee EXHIBIT BOOTH 21 21st ANNUAL SAFETY CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION OCTOBER 3-7 WARDMAN PARK HOTEL WASHINGTON, D. C. dismissed from service of a previous employer because of accident prone- ness. Write for catalog. Samples shipped promptly. I have tried therefore, to make a plea in all kindness on behalf of the H. Childs & Co., Inc.worker who cannot speak for himself, and urge upon you in a sense of fair Established IH17 ness that the term "accident-prone" be allowed to drop into oblivion. ; 813 Penn Avenue. Pittsburgh, Pa. SEPTEMBER, 1932 With the Manufacturer Manufacturer* are invited to send in announcements of new products, or improved special features. Only items which can be considered as "news" to our readers will be published NEW EXPLOSION-PROOF CONTROL A new, air-brake type of D <A explosion* proof, aeross-the-line, manual control ap proved and rated "permissible** by the f\ S. Bureau of Mines, has been announced by Tutler-Hammer, Inc., 31*5 N. 12th Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The upper housing is drilled and tapped for bolting directly to tfm base or leg of the machine. There are machines in every troduced a special safety damp, shown m the cut. This, it is said, provides greater strength and security, with greater safety for the operator, as well as preventing injury through distortion to the drill rods In operation, it is similar to the "spider and slips" commonly used in the oilfields. The drill rod is gripped by four jaws, which take hold evenly and at the same time. As the load is spread over a large area, with a reduction of the pressure per square inch, there is less likelihood of distortion and crimping resulting. These two-pole starters have thermal overload and low-voltage protection and are rated 4 HP. at 230 volts, and 5 HP. at 550 volts, A main line fuse is built directly iuto the ease which is made of cast iron and has a screwed-on cover. The overload when tripped is reset by the out side operating lever. MACHINERY YIBRATTON ISOLATION The engineers of the Korfund Company, 48-15 Thirty-Second Place. Long Island City, N. Y., have introduced a device called the Seismo-Damper, as shown in accompanying illustrations. This Damper consists of an arrangement by which any isolating material (cork, rubber, etc.) in serted between an upper and lower hous ing, is preioaded at the factory to exactly that point which compensates for the difference between the loading established bv the operating machine, and the peak efficiency loading required by the isolating material. shop that were previously impractical to isolate which, these engineers claim, can now be inexpensively and effectively isolated with the Seismo-Damper. SULLIVAN SAFETY PRODUCTS Sullivan Machinery Company, 400 North Michigan A ve,. Chicago, has recently placed on the market two new safety de velopments. The "Stringalite** safety lighting eab'e consists of super service moulded rubber No, 10 two-conductor cable with all end connectors and lamp socket connectors at tached and vulcanized at the factory. This new cable has been developed es pecially to withstand the severe demands of underground lighting service for sta tions, main level, sub-level, stope, tunnel, raise and trestle lighting. It is also well adapted for use in quarries, open pits and other surface workings, in factory, rail road and power plant yards, on construc tion jobs and in oil drilling. The out standing advantage offered by "Stringaiite" is that it provides the safety and utility of a permanent installation, with the wiring simplicity and economy of a temporary job. To handle diamond core drills in the hole safely, this company has lately in CENTRITUSE BRAKE DRUMS Motor Wheel Corporation. Detroit, Mich igan announce that Ontrifuse brake drums, introduced hut a short time ago, have been made standard by many car manufacturers. I'entrifuse brake drums differ from the conventional pressed-stee! drum in a number of essential details, the manu facturer claims. Two differences are cited; one is the fact that braking contact, which in the pressed-stee! drum is between brake lining and steel, is in the 1,'entrifuse be tween brake lining and east-iron. The other difference is presented by a builtup construction involving the joining of a separately produced drum back to the iron-fused brake ring. The design gives a brake drum combining the recognized advantages of a cast-iron braking surface with the strength of steel, while internal stresses are eliminated by the use of sepa rate, "tailor-made" drum backs. Most interesting in the making of Oentrifuse brake drums is the unique process by which iron braking surfaces are spun, in the form of molten metal, into steel foundation rings by centrifugal force. This centrifugal "casting" is done with the aid of intricate machinery that had to be specially developed for the purpose. It is from this involved centrifugal casting operation that the brake drum derives its trade name. News Items H. W. Mowery, for many years with the American Abrasive company, has es tablished his own company under the name of The Safe Tread Company, 220 Broad way* New York City. Mr. Mowery announces that his com pany is in a position to furnish Safety Treads in all standard patterns and made by a new process which he states imbeds the abrasive especially deep in the metal to insure greater durability and effeettvuess of the wearing surface. Mr. Mowery is a past president of the American Society of Safety Engineers and a pioneer for greater walkway safety. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Pennsylvania Wages War on 'The Glare That Kills" IHE Pennsylvania Department of Revenue, through its Bureau TMotor Vehicles and its Bf.ite Hoifgh! Trade Publications for your way Patrol, is using every means pos SAFETY EQUIPMENT LIBRARYsible to counteract the "glare that kills'' on highways of the state. The "glare that kills" is not a mysterious death-dealing ray but the blinding A Service for Our Readers glare that comes from the automobile headlights of thoughtless and incon siderate operators. Much could lie accomplished in abolishing the danger caused by glar Now is the time to devote more study to all types of equipment and products which can lower production costs through factors of safety. Find out now what the market offers. The publications listed below will be sent free and without obligation to readers of National Safety News. Check the items you wish; fill out coupon and mail this advertisement to us. ing lamps if the individual car owner would do his part in eliminating this menace. Most drivers are conscious only of the other fellow's lights. Nine out of ten have never seen their own lights from in front. State highway patrolmen have found one of the most effective and instructive demonstrations on correct lighting equipment is to have a driver walk out about 25 feet ahead of his ear and face his own lights. In most cases this test gives a practical and thoroughly dazzling illustration of what a terrible "shot" in the eye he is giving the drivers who are ap proaching him. Every motorist is aware of the hazard of the "one-eyed car." Few drivers of "one-eyed cars," however, realize that they are an accident haz ard to themselves as well as to others. In addition to the fact that only one light leaves other motorists in doubt as to the type of vehicle they are ap proaching the car with one light has not enough illumination, even if the other car's lights are not glaring. The difference in the volume of light given in the two cars will blind the driver with the one bulb. Centrifuse Brake Drums. Operators of motor vehicle fleets or pleasure cars will be interested in this new braking de velopment. Booklet tells why they are needed, advantages gained and action explained. Motor Wheel Corporation. Clements Cadillac Portable Electric Blower. Illustrated folder showing different models of portable electric blowers for cleaning all types of ma chinery. Clements Manufacturing Com pany. Benjamin Electrical Products. A com plete catalog of standard styles and specialized lighting equipment for in dustry; store and office lighting acces sories; signaling devices; water tight equipment and wiring devices. Illustra tions, specifications and prices included. Benjamin Electric Mfg. Company. Federal Sir Information on fire alarm and industrial signaling; code sirens, remote control switch, general alarm control, special automatic general alarm control and other signaling sys tems are described. Federal Electric Company. Wiping Towels for Industrial Purposes. Descriptive folder describing woven- to-specification wiping towels to be used in place of waste or rags; describing how many industrial organizations through out the country are using uniform sani tary wiping materials. Callaway Mills, Inc. Electrician's and Linemen's Tool Guide. A pocket tool guide contain ing specifications and information on tools for telephone, telegraph, railway and power construction work. Mathias Klein & Sons. Explosion-Proof Starting Switch. Bul letin 709EP covers starter designed for use in chemical plants, filling sta tions, oil refineries, paint rooms, clean ing and dyeing plants and for any service which requires a starter that can be operated with safety in a fume laden or explosive atmosphere. Allen-Bradley Company. Metro-Matic Lubrication. Folder de scribing new Alemite Metro-Matic Lubrication System for machinery. A multiple pipe line system that forces lubricant into all bearings while ma chinery is running. Alemite Corp. Material Handling Equipment. 32- page bulletin on hand power hoists and trolleys, Including high speed chain, differential and screw hoists. ChisholmMoore Corporation. Acme Mats. Folder describing nonslip steei safety matting for corri dors, runways, in front of machines and all slippery surfaces. Acme Steel Com pany. In January 35 accidents were re ported. to have been caused by poorly focused headlights. Two persons were killed and 32 injured. These acci dents resulted in $5,150 property damage to 36 vehicles. Finnell Facts. Presentation listing various types of industrial electrical floor scrubbers, waxers and polishers for ail types of flooring. Finnell System, Inc. Cory Interlocks. A 92-page bulletin describing unit types of safety inter locks for protection of high voltage switching apparatus. Electrically and mechanically operated valves and similar equipment. Chas. Cory Corporation. Automobiles operated with both headlights out contributed directly to 24 accidents. Cue person was killed and 18 injured. In addition, property damage amounting to $3,950 was re ported. Four accidents were caused by "one-eyed" cars. They resulted in injury to four persons. There were 24 accidents resulting in 20 per sons injured because of failure to have tail lights burning. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 20 North Waclcer Drive Chicago, III. Pleas* hare sent to me the publications X have checked: Name ..................................................................................................... Title , .................................................................................. . .............. Pompany , ........................................................................................ Address SEPTEMBER, 1932 Feet Protected Accidents and Education from o$tly Injuries f THERE is scarcely ail activity that does not feel the menace of accidents, and the pursuit, of higher education is no exception. In creased attention to safety is urged in the following editorial which ap peared recently in the Faculty Bul letin of the Tniversity of California: Sankey Foot Guards protect your work ers' feet from the ever present hazard of falling weights. Don't tolerate dan gerous lost-time accidents resulting in serious foot injuries that could be pre vented. Sankey Guards may be obtained in either 16-gauge steel or Rigidlum, an aluminum alloy. They are surprisingly light and comfortable to wear. The coupon below will bring you a trial pair that you may see for yourself the supe rior qualities of Sankey Guards. Safety orders of the California Accident Commission make necessary the observance of certain rales with regard to machine hazards, electrical equipment, elevators, and general care of shops and buildings. Yearly inspections of University buildings are made by representatives of the com mission, and reports of conditions sub mitted, together with recommendations of suggested changes, in recent years the record of the University has not been as satisfactory as we should like to have it. Accordingly, a safety committee has been formed on each University campus to study the possibility of reducing the haz ard of accidents to employees and stu dents, Regular monthly inspections of buildings and equipment are made by members of this committee. Departments having laboratories or shops can aid the committee by giving particular attention to the conditions of machines, tools, and apparatus used in class instruction or for research. As an additional precaution, the presi dent suggests that at the beginning of each semester a general class announce ment be made, where appropriate, calling attention to the desirability of careful use of all apparatus and equipment, and, par ticularly, of following instructions to the letter in performing experimental labora tory work. How ARMCO Trains Men (Continued from Page 18) Refreshing and Safe That is your assurance when drinking from a Rundie-Spence Vertico-Slant drinking foun tain. Because the water spouts angularly from a jet that is completely protected, lips cannot come in contact with this jet, and that means sani tation. Rundie-Spence drinking fountains can be had in any one of a variety of colors. Our late catalog tells you all about them. Write for it. RUNDLE-SPBNCE MFG. CO. 441 No. Fourth St, Milwaukee, Wisconaiii RUNDLE-SPENCE PYROIL 1 Suilflhj (hid In /iftjuhi 7 0,1 l Ptvtects ELLWOOD SAFETY APPLIANCE COMPANY Ellwood City, Pa. ELLWOOD SAFETY APPLIANCE CO.. Ellwaad City. Pa. Date................ PIsms Mud ut, or nofRomiium iiwoico, ...............fsirs RtfMlim. ........................... pain Steol SuMcoy Csmifstid Foot Quart*. it It unriontooc that then luarts may bo roturaati without obllfstiM if thoy fail to moot our roouiremeiits. Homo of Firm........................................................................ Street Addreet............................................................. ................ City and State,,........ .......................................................... . Attention of ................ .................... .... .......................... .. cutting. Practically every man in our plants has been job trained. We still have an agreement with all the groups that if they suffer a lost-time acci dent, they will immediately go into job training. In addition to our foreman-manager and job training programs, we also have special groups in our general offices for training, organized on ex actly the same basis as our job train ing program. You can imagine the result of this type of training in the building of morale. In our opinion, the best way to avoid mistakes in manufacturing is to train every individual so that there will be a minimum of costly errors-- a worth while objective at all times, but especially so under present busi ness conditions. Lathes, pollers, line shafts, bearings, rollers -- Intricate machinery of every description needs PYROIL PROTEC TION for efficient, SAFE operation. Allays friction. Reduces overheat ing. Minimises wear. OVER COMES MOST STUBBORN LUBRICATION PROBLEMS. For as amaslng revelation, apply PYROIL to any difficult lubricating requirement. EQUIPMENT A fffff copy of THE STORY OF PYROIL" NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS ^YE JNSURANCE INDEX TO ADVERTISERS fof --efjs- Alemite Corp. ............................ ............. ....... - 67 American Optical Co................ ........ 23 American Telephone & Telegraph Co........ ....... 61 Bernhard^ Robert A. ....... ................ ........ 81 Burnitol Mfg. Co................................. 82 Burroughs-Wellcome & Co. (U. S. A.) Inc. . 7 4 real wide - vUton, general MtUity goifit with large curred !enj, non-corroding metal frame, rent Hated and rubber-edged eye cups, adjustable bridge, and elastic band. Lenses replaceable. New Era Goggles Reduce the Cost of Safety cT^HIS TYPICAL value is offered by way of proving that you can save money by dealing with New Era --whether you buy goggles of our special design or the standard styles for which we are distributors. A Copy of our new Industrial Catalog--it's free for the asking--will show you the economy of purchasing from a house whose 20-year reputa tion is based on selling ') quality optical 'S Central Iron & Steel Co.............................. 76 Chicago Eye Shield Co....... . 72 Child. & Co., H........................................... .............. 83 Clements Mfg. Co.............................. ............. ....... 82 Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc.............. 71 Economy Electric Lantern Co........................... 78 Etlwood Safety Appliance Co............................... 88 Erdle Perforating Co........ ........................ 72 Flnnell System, Inc................... 71 Harrington & King Perforating Co.................. 38 Holcomb Safety Garment Co........................... . . 87 Hynson Westcott St Dunning, Inc................... 43 Inland Steel Co....................... International Shoe Co.................................. 47 S Justrite Mfg. Co........................................................ 80 The Spencer Central Cleaning System protects employees by removing in jurious dirt and dust at its source. It also saves in the cost of clean ing, in reclamation of valuable ma terials and in keeping the finished product clean. deans any surface and is inexpen sive, practical and dependable. Let Us Send You The Bulletin THE SPENCER TURBINE CO. Hartford, Conn. CPENCFP CENTRA'. CLEANING SY5TEM Kidd* & Co., W*lter................................................ 30 Klein & Sons, Mathias.................... 70 Lehigh Safety Shoe C.......................................... 77 Libbcy-OwenS'Ford Glass Co............................... 8 Lima Cord Sole St Heel Co................................... 79 Protective Clothing Mine Safety Appliances Co................ 41 National Safety Council.,,..................................... .........................................Inside Front Cover-73-74 Every protective clothing need can be quickly and efficiently met by garments of Holcomb manufacture. The same quality and service are back of Holcomb Safety Garments as always. Tell us what you need, we can fur nish it. We have specialized in the following ar ticles made of Asbestos. Fireproof Duck and Leather: Aprons Coats Blankets Hats Gloves Pants Mittens Masks Curtains Helmets Spats _ b Sleeves Foundry Leggings Hand Pads Knee Pads Safety Outfits Jumper Suits Over-Shoes Arm Protectors Finger Protectors Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Manufacturers 118 N. Jefferson Si., Chicago, III. Never Slip Safety Clamp Co............................... 79 New Era Optical Co................................................. 87 Patent Scaffolding Co........ ...................... . 45 Pulmom Safety Equipment Corp............ ...... ............................................ .Inside Back Cover Pyroil Co. ........................................... ..................... . 86 Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co................................. 68 Rundle-Spence Mfg. Co............................... .......... 86 Safety Equipment Service Co............Back Cover Safety First Shoe C......................... ................... 69 Schiff Sl Co., Leon..,.................................................. 75 Spencer Turbine Co................................................. 87 Stonehouse Signs, Inc.... . .......................... 78 Taylor-Shantz Co....................................................... 75 Travelers Insurance Co........................................ 85 Wardmaa Park Hotel...................... 4 West Disinfecting Co...................... 59 Westinghous* Electric St Mfg. Co.................... 63 Wlesman Mfg. Co...................................................... 89 Williamsport Wire Rope Co........................... 87 Willson Products, Inc.................. 1 Wilmot Castle Co.................. 86 Worth Milling Co., Inc...... ................................... 80 SEPTEMBER, 1932 Obrtnorelfaz/bmSenm-Iife-- WILLIAM SPORT WIRE ROW Day in and day out you'll find this rope giving more uniformly su perior service than ropes which claim wild statements of serv ice in the at tempt to jus tify their in creased cost. Modern wire rope blocks made the way blocks should he made. "William tport- WIRE ROPE C O M 9 A. N V Main Office and Works Williamsport, Pa. General sales offices: Peoples Gas Bldg., Chicago 88 The Buyers' Service All firm* lilted below ere advertisers in this issue--See Advertisers' Index Page 87 A .Accident Prevention Service Nations! Safety Council Anemometers Mine Safety Appliances Ox Aproea Dari# Emergency Equipment Co., Jne. Holcomb Safety (lament Co* Mine Safety Appliances Co. Puimosan Safety Equipment Co, Safety Equipment Service Co. Arm Protectors Darts Emergency Equipment Co*. Inc*. Holcomb Safety Garment Co, Mina Safety Appliances Co. Putmnsan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co. tt Bodge* and Buttons Mina Safety Appliances 0. Belts--Linemen's DaIvnias Emergency Equipment Co., Slain, Mathias A Sons Mine Safety Appliance* Co, PuJmosan Safety Equipment Coen. Bslta--Safety Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Mathias Klein A Sona Mine Safety Appliances Co. Puimosan Safety Equipment Oofp, Safety Equipment Service Co. Belt*--Tree Trimmer'* Mine Safety AppUanoae Oe. Belts--Window Cleaners' Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Blackboards Blank*!*--Fireproof Davis l&nergeoey Equipment Co.. Inc. Holcomb Safety Garment Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Puimosan Safety Equipment Corp, Safety Equipment Service Co. Blowers--Portable Electric Clements Mfg. Co, Blow Torches Mathias Klein A Sons Brakes, Vehicle, Power Buckets, Hoisting Davis Emergency Equipment Co loo, Bulletin Boards Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Hina Safety Appliances Co. fulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Servios Ox e Car Blockers Safety Equipment Suffice Co. Car Blockers--Mine Mina Safety Appliances Co, Car Movers Safety Equipment Service Co. Car Step Treads--Safety Central Iron A Steel fV furls Emergency Equipment Co., Inland Steel Co. Carboy Inclfaatora Safety Equipment Service Co. Carbon Monoxide Detectors, Indicators and Recorders Mine Safety Appliances Co. Chala--Factory Chair*--Safety Boatswain Mina Safety Appliance* Co. Chip and Spark Guards Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Co , Inc. Safety Equipment Service Co. Clamps and Sockets Never Slip Safety damp Co. Worth Milling Co.. Inc. Cleaning Systems Spencer`Turbine Co Clothinfr for Industrial Work er*--Sec Aprons, Caps, Gloves. Hand Leathers, Leggings, Overalls, Shoes. Clothing, Weatherproof Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Ino, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service Ca Cuspidors--Sanitary Paper Buraitol Mfg. Co. n Disinfectant* and Deodorants West Disinfecting Go. Drinking Fountains Rundle-Speae Hfg. Co. 1 Elevator Safety Devices Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Mine Safety AppUanses Co. Eye Shades--Non-Breakable Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc, Mine Safety Appliances Ox .Safety Equipment Service Co. Expanded Metal Kdie Perforating Co. UarringtoQ ft Sing Perforating Explosive Containers Davis KSaergency Equipment Co., loo. Junrite Mfg. Co. Mine Safety Appliances Ox Safety Equipment Service Ce. f Film* or Slides For Rent and Sals National Safety Council Finger Protectors Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc, Holcomb Safety Garment to, Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Fir* Alarms Mine Safety Appliances Co. Fire Detectors Fire Extinguishers Walter Kidd* k Co.. Inc. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Puimosan Safety Equipment Corp. Fireproofed Clothing Davta Emergency Equipment Co., inc, Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Mine safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. First Aid Equipment Hebert A, Bernhard Burroughs WeUcooe ft Co., ttr. A. A.), Inc. Davis emergency Equipment Co.. Ino. Hynioo Weetcott ft Dunning Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmoean Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co. S Gas Detectors linns ftmt*rgetTC? Kqurpm<'nt Co., Ine Mine Safety Appliances Co. Germicides Germicide-* Cutting Oil West Disinfecting Co. Glass, Noa-Shatterab!* Chicago Eye Shield Co. Mine Safety Appliances (.to. Ubbey-Oweof-Ford Gi*a Co. Puimosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co. Gloves and Mitten* Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., inc, Holcomb Safety Garment Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Puimosatt Safety Equipment Corn. Safety Equipment Service Co. Goggles American Optical Co. Chicago Ere Shield Co, Davis Unergency Equipment Co., Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. New Era Optical Ox Puimosaa Safety Equipment Corp. Safet r Equipment Service Co. Wllltaa Products, Inc. Hooks, Linemen's Belt Dari* Emergency Equipment Co , inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service <lo. Hooka--Safety Hoisting Never Slip Safety Clamp Co. Hospital Equipment Burroughs - Wellcome ft Co (If, 8. A.l, Inc. Davis Emergency Equipment r*o ine. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. I inhalxtors Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Insurance Travelers Insurance Co. Jointer Guards Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Safety Equipment .Service Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. L Ladder*--Safety Mine Safety Appliances Co. Patent Scaffolding Co, First Aid t* Illness Rumroghs Wellcom* ft Co.. (D. 8. A.). Ine. Gongs, Sirens, Horns and other signaling devices Mine Safety Appliances Oo. Darts Emergency Equipment Co., ina Patent Scaffolding Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Floor Machh**# Flnnell System, Ins. Flag*--Danger Safety Equipment Service Co. Guard*--Safety Darts Emergency Equipment Co., loo. Erdle Perforating Co. Harrington ft King Perforating Co. Safety Equipment Sendee Co. Lamp Huger* Lamp Locks Mine Safety Appliance* Co. v Safety Equipment Service Co. Flammable Vapor Indicators DaInveis, Itaergeoey Equipment Co.. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Flooring Materials--Safety Cectral Iron ft Steel Co. Dt!roios. Emergency Equipment Co.. Inland Steel Co. Flywheel Guards Davis Emergency Equipment Co*. It*?, ISfdie Perforating Co. Harrington ftKiog Perforating Co. Foot Guards Davis Emergency Equipment Co., ine. ElJtrood Safety Appliances Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co, Safety Equipment Service Co. Footwear--R ubber Fuse Pullers Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. M Hand Cream Daria Emergency Equipment Co,. Ido, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Lamp*--Safety Darts Emergency Equipment Co. inc. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Lantern*--Electric Economy Electric lantern to. Mine Safety Appliance* Oo. Hand Leathers Davis Emergency Equipment Co., f.rvx Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmoean Safety Equipment f.'orp. Safety Equipment Bervioe Co. Leggings Darts tknetgency Equipment Oo., Inn, Holcomb Safety Garment Oo. IfM Safety Appliances Oo. Pulaoeaa Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Settle* Co. Hats--Safety Daria Emergency Equipment Co., Ine. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Helmets American Optical Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Darla Emergency Equipment Co., inc. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Ftdmoean Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Go. Lighting--Industrial AVattnghouse metric A Mfg. Lineman's Protectors Darts Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. piiiBioyan Safety Equipment Corp. 3nffty Equipment Service Co. Linemen's Tool Bags Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Safety Equipment Service Co. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Lockers sad Hamers for Clothing Lubrication PjTOli Co. Lubrication Systems Alrintte tVp- (N Masks Chicago Eye Shield Co. Dam Emergency Equipment Co,, fni`. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Puimoun Safety Equipment Carp. Safety Equipment Service Co. Masks--Navy Type Mine Safety Appliances Co. Mats--Standing, Safety infill Emergency Equipment Co., inc. DU Cans I'Mli Emergency Equipment Co-, Inc. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Oxygen Breathing Apparatus Davi* Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. p Pads--Knee Mine Safety Appliances Co. .Safety Equipment Service Co. Safety First Equipment Co. Paint Remover Pneumonia Tents Mine Safety Appliances Co. Power Press Guards Chicago y* Shield Co. liavis Emergency Equipment Co., inc. Safety First Equipment Co. Tayior-Shants Co. Wiejman lift. Co. Prize Awards Mine Safety Appliances Co. pyrotannic Detector Mins Safety Appliances Co. R Rail Clamps Respirators American Optical Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Oam Emergency Equipment Co., inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Puimoeaa Safety Equipment orp. Safety Equipment Service Co. Wtllion Products, Inc. Resuscitation Equipment Davis Emergency Equipment Co., inc, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Reek Dusters Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Rope--Wire Williamsport Wire Rope Co. ft Saw, Safety Davis Emergency Equipment Co., inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Saw Guards Safety Equipment Service Co. Scaffolding Scrubbing Machine*--Electric Finnell System. Inc. Shaper Guards Shoe Soles--Non-Slip Davts Emergency Equipment Co., I no, Una Cord Sole A Heel Co. Shoes--Factory and Foundry Child* A Co., a. Dam Emergency Equipment Co., inc, international Shoe Co. Lehigh Safety Shoe Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Reeee Wooden Hole Shoe C'o. Safety Equipment Service Co. Safety First Shoe Co. EchilT. Leon A Co. Signs Safety Equipment Service Co Stonehome Signs, inc. Sirens and Signals Slides--L enter a--Also see Films or Slides Slings--Safety Wire Rope Sterilizing Equipment Witmot came Surgical Dressings Mine Safety Appliances Co, Burroughs - Wellcome & Co. (U. 8. A.), Inc. Trestles--Safety Extension Patent f^aftotding Co. V Vending Machines--Sanitary West Disinfecting Co. Switchboard Mats and Floor* iag Ua?t Emergency Equipment Co., inc. T Tools-- Linemen's Darts Emergency Equipment Co. fae. Klein, Mathias A Song Tools--Non Sparktng Fulmoean Safety Equipment Corp, W Washroom Equipmentindustrial Washers--Safety, for Grind mg wheels Waste Cans Davi* Emergency Equipment Oo inc. Justrite Stfg, Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Cuimosan Safety Equipment Corp, Safety Equipment Service Co. Towel Cabinets--Paper West Diilnfecting Co. Water Coolers ltundl# Spence Mfg. Co. Traffic Markers Safety Equipment Service Co, Treads--Safety Central Iron A Steel Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Ino, inland Steel Co, Welding Equipment Wet Finishing Processes, Laundry A Textile Window Queer Tree Trimming Wrenches--Hopper Car Safety Equipment Service (X Industrial Safety Market AS a service to our readers, we endeavor to maintain a complete list of the source of supply of all types of safety and allied equipment. If you do not find what you want in the advertising pages, send in the coupon below, and we will have forwarded to you without charge, or obligation, detailed information and catalogs on material to meet your requirements. Nations! Safety News, 20 N.Wickw Drive, Chicago Please have forwarded to me from various manufacturers, without charge, prices, catalogs, etc., on the following material: Specifications: (Be specific as to size, capacity, quantity, etc., when prices are wanted.) Company .... Address ...... Your Name SEPTEMBER, 1932 1(1 Are Your Flammable Liquid Processes Fireproofed ? If not, vour plant may swell the annual $20,000,000 to tal of flammable liquid tires. npHE causes of fire are strange and mysterious. There is one case where the sparks from the hoops of a run-a-way hose igni ted some lacquer which eventu ally burned an entire plant. Another time, sparks from the lid of an iron vessel started a fire in gasoline that did $500,000 worth of damage. In spite of the strictest precautions, you never can tell when fire will break out in your flam mable liquid processes, and unless you have made provision for extinguishing such fires within the first few seconds you are gambling against the destruction of your plant. Even a small fire, improperly extinguished, may cause untold damage in production delays, loss of orders, idle salesmen and dwindling profits. The LUX System is designed to extinguish all kinds of flammable liquid and electrical lire hazards instantly, before they can grow to alarming proportions. Under a smothering cloud of gas, LUX snuffs out fires in dip tanks, spray booths, paint and storage rooms, ovens, oilburing rooms--in fact any place where flammable liquids are used. LUX is equally effective against fires in transformer vaults.generators, converters, and other electrical equipment. LUX not only kills fire quickly but it leaves no mess--spoils no materials, does not corrode or otherwise damage the most delicate machinery. Send for booklet, "LUX Makes the Difference" which describes portable and built-in units and their manv applications. ' Walter KSdcle& Compatsg,Ino. Mo CedarStreet nwYortu LUX Fire Protection FOR ALL KINDS OF FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND ELECTRICAL FIRE HAZARDS NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS DELEGATES MEMBERS. Was hi rig ton welcomes you to the Centennial... National Safety Council welcomes you to the Congress! And * . PULM0BAN welcomes you to see their exhibit at Booth No 36, showing a most complete line of Air-supplied Respirators, Hoods and Helmets. We can solve your Respirator problems-- Consult Fred & Bill Wahlert at Booth No. 36 PULMOSAN SAFETY EQUIPMENT CORP. 176 Johnson St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Manufacturers of fndustriaf Safety Equipment It's Safe to be Thrifty When You Buy "Safety Service" Clothing You can ill afford to gamble with protective clothing of inferior quality or resort to the use of makeshift substitutes when "Safety Service" offers you qual ity merchandise backed by a 15- vear old reputation at the lowest prices in the history of this business. Send your orders for asbestos and leather gloves, sleevelets, suits, leg gings, hand pads, aprons, etc*, to "Safety Service'* and take advantage of our money-saving direct-to-user prices. DR. WOOD RESPIRATOR fe'or protection against dust basanb. Extremely comfortable on the face. Filter etothJ a* og renewable. ISach....... $> 1. O D GLOVE $15.00Reinforced with fhrnoje feather patch. Dwn Pair ...................... ,............. . r.2AS -WEAVE" OS SUIT B*ur protection against beat*- <\ and flame. Kadi....... KLEENAIR RESPIRATOR Mr protection again* hurt hax- srds, fume*, etc. aA Kaeh......... ......... . &&.UU If. 3008 CHROME LEATHER GLOVE Made of high grade stock, all ieatas double stitched- djl A CA Horen Pair.............. ^iU.DU No. 90 SAND BLAST HELMET Spun aluminum hood, chrome feather apron, fitted with com pressed afr attachment.** AA fvarft................. 59-00 SAFETY EQUIPMENT SERVICE COMPANY Headquarters for Accident Prevention Equipment Buell W. Nutt, President, 1228 St. Clair Avenue, Cleveland, OHIO. CHROME LEATHER APRON Made in ramus widths and lengths. Apron Illustrated Is 24x36 <^2^ g