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CHAPTER 3
1952. Guide
temperature at this point of intersection is.by definition the dew-point temperature for state 1.
Further cooling through successive equilibrium states is accompanied by condensa tion: The succession of states for the total system, moist air and liquid water, is represented by a continuation of the W = Wi line into the liquid vapor region. (Tem peratures below 32 F would involve the solid-vapor region). Consider that the final temperature is The final enthalpy is then A,; the liquid water formed is (IFi -- Wt), where point 3 is at the intersection of the isotherm through 2 and the saturation curve; the final humidity ratio of the moist air is Wi; and this final moist air has dew-point, wet-bulb and dry-bulb temperatures all equal to t>.
Example 4: How much heat must be removed from 20,000 cfm of air at 95 F dry-bulb temperature and 0.50 degree of saturation to cool the air to 70 F, saturated?
Solution a: From the data of Table 2. The initial humidity ratio is 0.50(0.03763) = 0.01837 lb of water vapor 'per 1b of dry air; the initial enthalpy is 22.827 + 0.50(40.49) = 43.072 Btu per lb of dry air; the humidity ratio at saturation at the
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Thermodynamics
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cii ft per lb of dry air; and the final enthalpy is 34.2 Btu per lb of dry air. The solu tion of the problem is
20,000 ,
i9a -- 4 ' X ^ -- -34.2) =3 12;200 Btu per min.
The other method is to use an energy balance,
;l9a -- G[Ai -- A, --AyiCPFi -- )F)] ; ..
;.
The initial humidity, ratio is 0.0183 lb of water vapor per lb of dry air, and the final
humidity ratio is 0.0158 lb of water vapor per lb of dry air. Therefore, the heat
to be removed is
.
........
20;6oo
. :.
. ..: ....\\
= "1r4h.4r X <4' 3 - 34'1 - 0.0025 X 38.07)
- .........
.= 12,130 Btu per min. .
Fig. 8. 7 Cooling of Aib at Constant Pressure SAown on A.S.H.V.E. PsYCHROMETBIC CHART
final temperature is 0.01582 lb of water vapor per lb of dry air; the quantity of liquid formed is 0:01837 -- 0.01582 = 0.00255 lb of water Vapor per lb of dry air; A,, at 70 F is 38.11 Btu per lb of water; the initial'specific volume is 13.980 + 0.50(0.822) = 14.391 cu ft per lb of dry air.
Fig. 9 illustrates the process diagrammatically. The energy equation for the process is
Ghi = Gh, + G(W, - iF,)A,, + 19.
or .9. = G[Ai -- hi -- (Wi - Wi)h,,]
(vi non = --rr-- X (43.072 - 34.09 - 0.00255 X 38.07) ' 14.391 .
= 12^350 Btu per min.
Solution b: From the A.S.H.V.E. Chart. Two methods may be used to solve the
problem by use of the psychrometric chart. The simpler is to use the region to the
left of the saturation line (Fig. 8). From point 1 draw a horizontal line on the chart
until it intersects the constant temperature line in the liquid-vapor region corre
sponding to the final temperature; 70 F. This is shown as point 2 on the diagram.
Then,
...............
-
...................
-
i9 = G(hi - A,)
The initial enthalpy is 43 Btu per lb of dry air; the initial specific volume is 14.4
Adiabatic Mixing of ;Two Steady .Flow Air Streams at Constant. Pressure
The process is diagrammed in Fig. iO. By applying the principles of the con servation of mass and energy, three equations may be written:
.Mass balance for the diy air.
. Gi + G, = G,
Energy-balance for the process, ' 7 ` ..
7 .
' Gihi +`Giht =3 GiA,
-
Mass balance for the water vapor,
G1IF1 + G,Wt = GiWj
Eliminating Gj and combining, the three equations yield the equation,. . ,.....
ht -- hi - Wj -- IVt Gj. -
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; ht -- hr " IF, --MiT'Gi '..
.
Outside air at 0 F dry-bulb temperature And 0.80 degreeoPsaturation
W adiabatically with recirculated inside air at 70 F dry-bulb temperature ftk 1 "e8ree of saturation, in the ratio of one pound of dry air in' the fSrfiier tofour 'n tlle latter. Find the temperature and degree of saturation in the resulting mixture.
Solution a: From the data of Table 2. The only unknown properties are the
numidity ratio W, and the enthalpy A, of the resulting mixture. These may be
determined7 from Equation 34. Thus,
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