Document 4n52nV4jR83EV8dQYeXwVnLj
Interoffice Communication
To VCM Plant Employees
From 0. A. DeBernardi
Date October 8, 1974
Subject
VCM Exposure Information
(conoco)
On October 2, 1974 OSHA issued their permanent standard related to allowable VCM exposure for employees in the VCM and PVC industries. The standard quoted directly from the text of the regulation is as follows:
(c) Permissible Exposure Limit
1) No employee may be exposed to vinyl chloride at concentra tions greater than 1 ppm averaged over any 8-hour period, and
2) No employee may be exposed to vinyl chloride at concentrations greater than 5 ppm averaged over any period not exceeding 15 minutes.
3) No employee may be exposed to vinyl chloride by direct contact with liquid vinyl chloride.
The new regulation is to take effect on January 1, 1975. Until this date the temporary standard of 50 ppm which went into effect earlier this year will remain in effect. As a result of OSHA's action the Society of Plastics Industry (SPI) has filed a petition to review the regulation in the New York Court of Appeals.
There are, of course, many other aspects of the new regulation other than the permissible exposure limits given above. Many of these are rather vague and lend themselves to many different interpretations. We have been in contact with the OSHA people here locally as well as at the regional office in Dallas to try to get interpretations in these grey areas. As further definition related to the new regulation is received from OSHA, it will be passed along to you.
In the interim between now and January 1, 1975 we will continue operation as we have done since the temporary standard was adopted. Engineering and procedural change solutions will continue to be developed and implemented to reduce VCM emissions and exposures in the plant. We urge that the high level of cooperation, interest, and involvement each of you have demonstrated in past months be continued.
is Distribution
All Supervisors Bulletin Boards
REL-LNV
VVC 000010313
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS
?/i
PART 1910
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS
SUBPART G--OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
1910.93 1910.93a
1910.93b 1910.93c 1910.93d
1910.93e 1910.93f 1910.93g 1910.93h 1910.93i 1910.93j 1910.93k 1910.931 1910.93m
1910.93n 1910.930 1910.93p
1910.94 1910.95 1910.96 1910.97 1910.98 1910.99 1910.100
Air contaminants. Asbestos. Coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term. 4-Nitrobiphenyl. alpha-Naphthylamine. 4, 4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline). Methyl chloromethyl ether 3, 3'-Dichlorobenzine (and its salts) bis-Chloromethyl ether. beta-Naphthylamine. Benzidine. 4-Aminodiphenyl. Ethyleneimine. beta-Propiolactone. 2-Aeetylaminofiuorene. 4-Dimethylaminoazo benzene. N-Nitrosodimethylamine.
Ventilation. Occupational noise exposure. Ionizing- radiation. Nonionizing radiation. Additional delay in effective date.
Sources of standards. Standards organizations.
39 F.R. 3756, January 29, 1974.
Change 4
111 1910-Subpart G
VVC 00001031^
1910.93 STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
SUBPART G--OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
1910.93--AIR CONTAMINANTS
An employee's exposure to any material listed in table G-l, G-2, or G-3 of this section shall be limited in accordance with the requirements of the following1 paragraphs of this section.
(a) Table G-l:
(1) Materials with names preceded by "C"--ceiling values. An employee's exposure to any material in table G-l, the name of which is preceded by a "C" (e.g., (J Boron tri fluoride), shall at no time exceed the ceiling value given for that material in the table.
(2) Other materials--8-hour time weighted averages. An employee's exposure to any material in table G-l, the name of which is not preceded by "C", in any 8-hour work shift of a 40-hour work week, shall not ex ceed the 8-hour time weighted average given for that material in the table.
Table G-l
Substance
p.p.m." mg./M* *
Acetaldehyde.... ......................... 200
Acetic acid..................................
10
Acetic anhydride........................
5
Acetone....................................... 1,000
Acetonitrile................................. 40
Aoetylene dichlorlde, see 1, 2-
Dichloroethylene......................
Acetylene tetrabromide.. ____
1
Acrolein.......................................
0.1
Acrylamide--Skin......................
Acrylonitrile--Skin..................... 20
Aldrin--Skin................................
Allyl alcohol--Skin.....................
2
Allyl chloride..............................
1
*C Allylelycidyl ether (AGE). 10
Allyl propyl disulfide................
2
2-Arainoethanol, see Ethanol-
amine.........................................
2-Aminopyridine........................
0.5
Ammonia................................. Ammonium sulfamate (Am-
50
mate).........................................
n-Amyl acetate........................... 100
sec-Amyl acetate........................ 125
Aniline--Skin.............................
5
360 25 20 2,400 70
14 0.25 0.3 45 0.25 5 3 45 12
2 35 15 625 650 19
Antimony and compounds (as Sb)......................................
ANTU (alpha naphthyl thiourea)...................................
Arsenic and compounds (as As). Arsine........................................... Azinphos-methyl--Skin............. Barium (soluble compounds)... thBenzoquinone, see Quinone.. Benzoyl peroxide........................ Benzyl chloride........................... Biphenyl, see Diphenyl............. Blsphenoi A, see Diglycidyl
ether....................................... Boron oxide............................... C Boron trifluoride..................... Bromine...................................... Bromoform--Skin....................... Butadiene (1. 3-butadiene)........ Butanethiol, see Butyl mer
captan..................................... 2-Butanone.................................. 2-Butoxy ethanol (Butyl Cel-
losoive)--Skin.......................... Butvi acetate (n-butyl acetate). sec-Butyl acetate........................ tert-Butyl acetate....................... Butyl alcohol.............................. sec-Butyl alcohol....................... tert-Butyl alcohol....................... C Butylamine--Skin.................. C tert-Butyl chromate (as
CrOO--Skin............................. n-Butyl glycidyl ether (BGE)_. Butyl mercaptan...................... p-tert-Butyltoluene.................... Calcium arsenate........................ Calcium oxide............................. Camphor................................. Carbaryl (Sevin)..................... Carbon black.............................. Carbon dioxide................. ......... Carbon monoxide....................... Chlordane--Skin........................ Chlorinated camphene--Skin... Chlorinated diphenyl oxide....... Chlorine..................................... Chlorine dioxide......................... C Chlorine trifluoride_________ C Chloroacetaldehydc................ a-Chloroacetophenone
(phenacylchloride)................ Chlorobenzene (monochloro
benzene).................................. 0-Chlorobenzylidene
malononitrile (OCBM)........... Chlorobromomethanc................ 2-Chloro-i,3-butadicnc, see
Chloroprone..______________ Chlorodiphenyl (42 percent
Chlorine)--Skin...................... Chlorodiphenyl (54 percent
Chlorine)--Skin...................... 1-Chloro,2,3-e{)oxypropane, see
Epichlorhydrin........................
1910.93(a)(2)
112
--------
......... ......... 0.05
______
.........
1
0.5
0.3 0.5 0. 2
0.2
0.5
5 5
..............................15
13
0.1 0.7
0.5 5
1,000
2,200
200 590
50 240 150 710 200 950 200 950 100 300 150 450 100 300
5 15
..................
0.1
50 270
10 35
10 ................
00 1
................
5
2 ...............
................
5
................
3.5
5.000
9,000
50 55
................
0.5
................
0.5
....................
0.5
13
0.1 0.3
0.1 0.4
13
0.05 0.3
75 350
0.05 200
0.4 1,050
1 0.6
Change 3
l/VC 00001031
m i .............................
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
1910.93(a)(2)
STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Table G-l--Continued
Substance
p.p.m.-
- M J r 1'
2-Chloroethanol. sea Ethylene chlorohydrin..............................
Chloroethylene, see Vinyl chloride.................................
kC Chloroform (trichloromethane).......................... -
1-Chloro-l-nitropropane Chloropicrin............................. .. Chloroprene (2-chloro-l,3-
butadiene)--Skin.....................
Chromium, sol. chromic, chromous salts as Cr..............
Metal and insol. salts........... ... Coal tar pitch volatiles (ben
zene soluble fraction) anthra cene, BaP, phenantbrene, acridine, chrysene, pyrene........ Cobalt, metal fume and dust___ Copper fume............................... Dusts and Mists......................... Cotton dust (raw)......................... Crag herbicide........................... Cresol (all isomers)--Skin ... Crotonaldehyde........................... Cumene--Skin............................. Cyanide (as CN)--Skin.-.......... Cyclohexane................................. Cyclohexanol.............................. Cyclohexanone............................. Cyclohexene................................. Cyclopentadiene......................... 2, 4-D....................................... DDT--Skin................................. . DDVP, see Dichlorvos................ Decaborane--Skin....................... Demeton--Skin............ -.......... Diacetone alcohol (4-hydroxy4-methyl-2-pentanone)............. 1.2-diaminoethane, see Ethylenediamine..................... . Diazomethane.............................. Dlborane...................................... Dibutylphthalate........................ . C o-Diehlorobenzene................
-7 p-Dichlorobenzene......................
Dichlorodifiuoromethane...........
1.3-Dichloro-5,5-dimethyi hydantoin.................................
1.1-Dichloroethane......................
1.2-Dichloroethylene...... ...........
C Dlchloroethyl ether--Skin--
Dichloromethane. see Methylenechlortde................ _
Dlchloromonofluoromethane--
C 1,1-Dichloro-l-nitroethane----1.2-Dlchloropropane, see
Propylenedichloride................ Dichlorotetrafiuoroethane..........
Dichlorvos (DDVP)--Skin-----Dleldrin--Skin............................. Diethylamine.............................. Dlethylamtno ethanol--Skin__ Dlethylcther, see Ethyl ether.. Difluorodibromomethane.......... ^ C Diglycidyl ether (DGE)........ '7 Dihydroxybenzene, see
Hydroquinone..........................
50
20 0.1
25
5 2 60 300 50 50 300 75
0.05
50
0.2 0.1
50 75 1,000
100 200
15
1,000 10
1,000
25
10
10a0 s
mg./M* *
240 100
0.7
90
0.5 1
a2
0.1 0.1
1 1 15 22 6 245 5 1,050
200 200
1,015 200 10 1
0a.3i
240
0.4 0.1 5 300 450 4,950
0.2 400 790
90
4,200 60
7,000
a125
75 60
860 2.8
Dilsobutyl ketone.......................
50
290
Diisopropylamine--Skin.......... Dlmethoxymethane, see
5
20
Methylal..................................................................... .
Dimethyl acetamide--Skin.......
10
3s
Dimcthylamlne...........................
10
18
Dlmethylaminobenzene, see
Xylidene...................................................................... .
Dimethylaniltne(N-dimethyl.
aniline)--Skin...............
5 25
Dimethylbenzene, see Xylene.....................................
Dimethyl l,2-dibromo-2,2-di
chloroethyl phosphate,
(Dibrom)........................................................
3
Dimethylformamide--Skin.......
10
30
2,6-Dimethyiheptanone, see
Dilsobutyl ketone.......................................................-
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine--Skin... a 5 Dimethylphthalate..........................................
1 5
Dimethylsulfate--Skin...............
1
5
Dinitrobenzene (all isomers)--
Skin................................................................
1
Dinttro-o-cresol--Skin..................................
0.2
Dinitrotoluene--Skin...................................
1.6
Dioxane (Diethylene dioxide)--
Skin........................................... 100
360
Diphenyl......................................
a2
1
DIphenylmethane diisocyanate
(see Methylene bisphenyl
isocyanate (MDI)......................................
Dipropylene glycol methyl
ether--Skin............................... 100
600
Di-sec, octyl phthalate (Di-2-
ethylhexylphthalate)...............................
5
Endrin--Skin...............................................
0.1
Epichlorhydfin--Skin................
5
19
EPN--Skin..................................................
0.5
1.2-Epoxypropane, see
Propyleneoxide.........................................
2.3-Epoxy-l-propanol, see
Glycidol.....................................................
Ethanethiol, see Ethylmercaptan......................................
Ethanolamine............................. 2-Ethoxyethanol--Skin.............. 2-Ethoxyethylacetate (Cello-
solve acetate)--Skin................
Ethyl acetate............................... Ethyl acrylate--Skin.......... ...... Ethyl alcohol (ethanol)............. Ethylamine.................................. Ethyl sec-amyl ketone (5-
methyl-3-heptanone)............... Ethyl benzene............................. Ethyl bromide............................. Ethyl butyl ketone (3-
Heptanone).............................. *7 Ethyl chloride............................
Ethyl ether................................ Ethyl formate..............................
C Ethyl mercaptan...... .............
Ethyl silicate................................ "7Ethylene chlorohydrin--Skin..
3 200
100 400 25 1,000
10
25 100 200
50 1,000
400 100 10 100
5
6 740
540 1,400
100 1,900
18
130 435 890
230 2,600 1,200
300 25 850 16
Ethylenediamine......................... Ethylene dibromide, see 1,2-
Dlbromoethane............... ..... Ethylene dichforide, see 1,2-
Dichloroethane........................ C Ethylene glycol dinitrate
and/or Nitroglycerin--Skin...
io<0.2
25 1
See footnotes at end of table.
113
1910.93(a)(2)
oooovo^f
1910.93(a)(2)
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Table G-l--Continued
Substance
p.pjn. mg./M* *
Ethylene glycol monomethyl
ether acetate, see Methyl
eellosolve acetate.................. .
Ethylene imine--Skin................
0.5
Ethylene oxide............................ Ethylidine chloride, see 1,1-
50
Dichloroethane........................ .
N-Ethylmorpholine--Skin......... 20
Ferbam......................................... .
Ferrovanadium dust....................
Fluoride (as F)............................ .
Fluorine........................................
0.1
Fluorotrichloromethane.______ 1,000
Formic acid................................
5
Furfural--Skin............................. Furfuryl alcohol................. .........
5 50
Glycidol (2,3-Epoxy-l-
propanol)..................................
50
Glycol monoethyl ether, see
2-EthoxyetKanol...................... .
Guthion <g>, see Azinphos-
methyl........................................
Hafnium................................ .......
Heptachlor--Skin.... ....................
. Heptane (n-heptane)..
500
* Hexachloroethane--Skin............
1
Hexachloronaphthalene--Skin...
Hexane (n-hexane)...................... '566"'"
2-Hexanone............................... _. 100
Hexone (Methyl isobutyl
ketone)...................................... 100
aec-Hexyl acetate......................... 50
Hydrazine--Skin.........................
1
Hydrogen bromide......................
3
--7 C Hydrogen chloride..................
5
Hydrogen cyanide--Skin...........
10
Hydrogen peroxide (90%)..........
1
Hydrogen selenide....................... ---V Hydroquinone..............................
0.05
C Iodine.....................................
Iron oxide fume............................
Isoamyl acetate..................... ..... *106'"'
Isoamyl alcohol...____________ 100 Isobutyl acetate........................... 150
Isobutyl alcohol........................... 100
Isophorone...................................
25
Isopropyl acetate........... .... ..... 250 --^ Isopropyl alcohol......................... 400
Isopropylamine................. .........
5
Isopropylether............................. 500
Isopropyl glycidyl ether (IGE). 50
Ketene.......................................... Lead arsenate.................. ............
0.5
Lindane--Skin.............................
Lithium hydride..........................
--^ L.P.G. (liquified petroleum
gas)............................................ 1,000
Magnesium oxide fume................
Malathion-- Skin...........................
Maleic anhydride.........................
0.25
C Manganese................................. ....... Mesityl oxide.............................
Methanethiol, see Methyl
mercaptan..................................
Methoxychlor............................. .
2-Methoxyethanol, see Methyl
eellosolve............ .............. ........
Methyl acetate............................. 200
Methyl acetylene (propyne)___ 1,000
1 90
94 15 1 2.5 0.2 5,600 9 20 200
150
0.5 0.5 2,000 10 0.2 1,800 410
410 300
1.3 to 7
11
1.4 0.2 2 1 10 525 360 700 300 140 950 980 12 2,100 240 0.9 0.15 0.5 a 025
1,800 15 15 1 5 100
15
610 1,650
Methyl acetylene-propadlene
mixture (MAPP).................... 1.000
Methyl acrylate--Skin................
10
Methyla! (dlmethoxymethane).. 1,000
Methyl alcohol (methanol)......... 200
Methylamlne................................
10
Methyl amyl alcohol, see
Methyl lsobutyl carbinol..........
1,800 35
3,100 2GO
12
Methyl (ti-amyl) ketone (2-
Heptanone)............................... 100
465
C Methyl bromide--Skin...........
20
80
Methyl butyl ketone, see 2-
Hexanone...................................
Methyl eellosolve--Skin.............
25
80
Methyl eellosolve acetate--Skin
25
120
Methyl chloroform.
350 1,900
Methylcyclohexane......... .
500 2,000
Methylcyclohexanol.................... 100
470
o-Methylcyclohexanone--Skin.. 100
460
Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK),
see 2-Butanone....................... .
Methyl formate............................ 100
250
Methyl iodide--Skin.
5 28
Methyl isobutyl carbinol--Skin. 25
100
Methyl isobutyl ketone, see
Hexone...................................... .
Methyl isocyanate--Skin........... C Methyl merc*ptan_................
0.02 10
0.05 20
Methyl methacrylate.................. 100
410
Methyl propyl ketone, see 2-
Pentanone................... ........... . C a Methyl styrene.................... 100
480
C Methylene bisphenyl
isocyanate (MDI)....................
0.02
0.2
Molybdenum:
Soluble compounds...................................... Insoluble compounds.......
5 15
Monomethyl aniline--Skin..
2
9
C Monomethyl hydrazine-- Skin....................................
Morpholine--Skin................
0.2 20
0.35 70
Naphtha (coaltar)................ Naphthalene....................... Nickel carbonyl....................
100 10 a 001
400 50
0.007
Nickel, metal and soluble
> empds, as Ni........... .......................... ..........
1
Nicotine--Skin._________ .....-
0.5
Nitric acid.................................... Nitric oxide............................ p-Nitroaniline--Skin_______ Nitrobenzene--Skin.............. p-Nltrochlorobenzene--Skin.
2 25
1 1
5 30 6
5 1
Nitroethane............................ Nitrogen dioxide....................
100 5
310 9
Nitrogen trifluoride............... Nitroglycerin--Skin.............. Nitromethane...... ..................
10 0.2 100
29 2
250
1-Nltropropane........... .......... 2-Nitropropane.......................
25 25
90 90
Nitrotoluene--Skin................
5
30
Nitrotrichloromethane, see
Chloropicrin......................................................................
Octachloronaphthalene--Skin......................
0.1
Octane......................................... 500
2,350
Oil mist, mineral.......................................... .
5
Osmium tetroxide............................................
0.002
Oxalic acid........................................................
1
Oxygen difluoride........................
0.05
0.1
Ozone............................................
0.1
0.2
Paraquat--Skin................................................ Paratnlon--Skin____.......__________ .....
0.6 O.ll
Pentaborane................................
0.005
0.01
1910.93(a)(2)
114
WC 0000X0317
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
1910.93(a)(2)
STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Table G-l--Continued
Tellurium hexafluoride...............
0.02
0.2
TEPP-Skln....................................................
a 05
Substance
p.p.m.* mg./M* *
C Tcrphenyls.............................. 1.1.1.2-TetrachIoro-2,2-difluoro-
1
9
ethane..... .................................. 500
4,170
Pentachloronaph thalone--Skin........
0.5
Pentachlorophenol--Skin...............................
0. 5
Pentane.............
1,000
2,950
2-Pentanone...........................
200
700
Perchloromethyl mercaptan___
0.1
0.8
Perchloryl fluoride...........................
3
13.8
Petroleum distillates (naphtha).
500
2,000
Phenol-Skin....................................
5
19
p-Phenylene diamine--Skin...........................
0.1
Phenyl ether (vapor)..................
1
7
Phenyl ether-biphenyl
mixture (vapor).......................
1
7
Phenylethylene, see Styrene............................................. .
Phenylglycidyl ether (PGE)__
10
60
Phenylhydrazine--Skin...................
5
22
1.1.2.2-Tetrachloro-l,2-difluoro-
ethanc........................................ 500
4,170
1.1.2.2-Tctiachloroethane--Skin
5
35
swTetrachloroethvlcne, see Per-
__chlorocthylene.....................................................................
'"^Tetrachloromethane, see Carbon
tetrachloride......................................... ............................
Tetrachloronaphthalene--Skin......................
2
Tetraethyl lead (as Pb)--Skin..............
0.075
Tetrahydrofuran......................... 200
590
Tetramethyl lead (as Pb)--
Skin................................................................
0.07
Tetramethyl succinonitrile--
Skin...........................................
0.5
3
Tetranitromethane.....................
1
,8
Phosdrin (Mevinphos )--
Tetryl (2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-
Skin................................................................
ft 1
methylnitramine)--Skin...................-.........
1.5
Phosgene (carbonyl chloride)... 0.1
0.4 Thallium (soluble com
Phosphine.......... .........................
0.3
0.4
pounds)--Skin as Tl....................................
0.1
Phosphoric acid............................................
1
Thlram..............................................................
5
Phosphorus (yellow)............................. .........
0.1 Tin (inorganic cmpds, except
Phosphorus pentachloride..............................
1
oxides.............................
2
Phosphorus pentasulfide........................... .
1
Tin (organic cmpds)........................................
0.1
Phosphorus trichloride...............
0.6
3
C Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate........
0.02
0.14
Phthalic anhydride.....................
2
Picric acid--Skin..............................................
12 0.1
o-Toluidine--Skin....................... Toxaphene, see Chlorinated
5
22
Pival (2-Pivalyl-l,3Indandione)..................................................
camphene........................................... ..................... ........
0.1 Tributyl phosphate.......................................
5
Platinum (Soluble Salts) as pt....................................................................
-71,1,1-Trichloroethane see
o. 002
Methyl chloroform.............................................................
^ Propargyl alcohol--Skin.............
1 ...... ............. ^U,2-Trichloroethane--Skin....... 10
45
Propane.................................
1,000
1,800
Titaniumdioxide...............................................
15
n-Propyl acetate.......................... 200
840 Trichloromethane, see Chloro
Propyl alcohol............................. 200
500
form.....................................................................................
n-Propyl nitrate.......................... --^Propylene dichloride..................
25 75
110 350
Trichloronaphthalene--Skin..._____ ______
1,2,3-Trichloropropane................
50
5 300
Propylene imine--Skin.............
2
5 1.1.2-Trichloro 1,2,2-trifluoro-
Propylene oxide........................... 100
240
Propyne, see Methylacetylene...................................... .
ethane........................................ 1,000
Triethylamine...................... ......
25
7,600 100
Pyrethrura.................................................. ---
--^ Pyridine.......... ..............
6
Quinone____ _...______________
0.1
5
15 0.4
Trifluoromonobromomethane... 1,000
6,100
2.4.6-Trinitrophenol, see Picric
acid.................................................................................. .
2.4.6-Trinitrophenylmethyl-
RDX--Skin.....................................................
1.6
nitramine, see Tetryl.......................................................
Rhodium, Metal fume and
Trinitrotoluene--Skin......................................
1.5
dusts, as Rh.................................. ..............
0.1 Triorthocresyl phosphate................................
0.1
Soluble salts................. ...............................
0.001 Triphenyl phosphate__________ _________ _
3
Ronnel..............................................................
10
Turpentine.................................
100
560
Rotenone (commercial)..................................
5
Uranium (soluble compounds)......................
0.05
Selenium compounds (as Se).......................... 0.2 Uranium (insoluble compounds)..................- 0.25
Selenium hexafluoride................
0.05
0.4 C Vanadium:
Silver, metal and soluble com
V2O4 dust......................................................
0.5
pounds...........................................................
6.01
VjOsfume......................................................
1
Sodium fluoroacetate (1080)--
v Vinyl benzene, see Styrene.................................................
Skin.................... ........ ................................
0.05 ~r **c Vinyl chloride......................
500
1,300
Sodium hydroxide............................................
2
Vinylcyanide, see Acrylonitrile.........................................
Stibine..........................................
0.1
0.5
Vinyl toluene...............................
100
480
Stoddard solvent.................
500
Strychnine.....................................................
2,950 0.15
Warfarin.......... ...... ........ --.....
Xylene (xylol)....... ......................
100
0.1 435
Sulfur dioxide..............................
5
13
Xylidlne--Skin............................
5
25
Sulfur hexafluoride...................... 1,000
6,000
Yttrium...........................................................-
1
Sulfuric acid.....................................................
1
Zinc chloride fume...........................................
1
Sulfur monochloride....................
1
6
Zinc oxide fume................................................
5
Sulfur pentafluortde....................
0.025
0.25
Zirconium compounds (as Zr)........................
5
Sulfuryl fluoride..........................
5
20
Systox, see Demeton ........................................................
1970 Addition.
2,4,5T.................................................................
10
* Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contami
Tantalum.........................................................
5
nated air by volume at 25 C. and 760 mm. Hg pressure.
TE DP--Skin..................................................
0.2
* Approximate milligrams of particulate per cubic
Tellurium.........................................................
0.1 meter of air.
115 1910.93(a)(2)
vvc 001031a
1910.93(a)(2) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Table G-l--Continued
Substance
p.p.m* mg./M* *
(No footnote "c" Is used to avoid confusion with celling value notations.)
4 An atmospheric concentration of not more than 0.02 p.p.m., or personal protection may be necessary to avoid headache.
As sampled by method that does not collect vapor. /For control of general room air, biologic monitoring is essential for personnel control.
(b) Table G-2:
(1) 8-hour time weighted overages. An employee's exposure to any material listed in table G-2, in any 8-hour work shift of a 40-hour work week, shall not exceed the 8hour time weighted average limit given for that material in the table.
(2) Acceptable ceiling concentrations. An
employee's exposure to a material listed in table G-2 shall not exceed at any time dur ing an 8-hour shift the acceptable ceiling concentration limit given for the material in the table, except for a time period, and up to a concentration not exceeding the maximum duration and concentration allowed in the column under "acceptable maximum peak above the acceptable ceiling concentration for an 8-hour shift."
(3) Example. During an 8-hour work shift, an employee may be exposed to a concentration of Benzene above 25 p.p.m. (but never above 50 p.p.m.) only for a maximum period of 10 minutes. Such exposure must be compen sated by exposures to concentrations less than 10 p.p.m. so that the cumulative exposure for the entire 8-hour work shift does not exceed a weighted average of 10 p.p.m.
Material
Table G-2
8-hour time weighted average
Acceptable ceiling
concentration
Acceptable maximum peak above
the acceptable ceiling concentre-
tion for an 8-hour shift.
----------------------------------------------------
Concentration
Maximum
duration
Benzene (Z37.4-1969)_______ _____________ 10 p.p.m. . __ 25 p.p.m____ .. 0 p.p.m............. 10 minutes.
(Z37.29-1970).
... 5 Mg-/Ms____ .. 26 Mg-/M*. 30 minutes.
Cadmium fume (Z37.5-1970)0.1 mg./M*.
__ 3 mg./M*____
Cadmium dust (Z37.5-1970)..______________0.2 mg./M*. __ 0.6 mg./M1..
Carbon disulfide (Z37.3-1968).......................20 p.p.m. . ... 30 p.p.m___ .. 100 p.p.m____ _
Do.
--T Carbon tetrachloride (Z37.17-1967)10 p.pm_.
... 25p.pm___
200p.pon5 minutes in
any 4 hours.
Ethylene dibromide (Z37.31-1970)............ . 20 p.p.m_____ _ 30 p.p.m___ .. 50 p.p.m............ 5 minutes.
--^Ethylene dichloride (Z37.21-1969)50 p.p.m _............................ 100 p.p.m.. .. 200 p.p.m............5 minutes in
any 3 hours.
Formaldehyde (Z37.16-1967)...................... . 3 p.p.m-------.... 5 p.p.m.
.. 10 p.p.m............... 30 minutes.
Hydrogen fluoride (Z37.2S-1969)............... . ____do___________________
Fluoride as dust (Z37.28-1969)...................... 2.5 mg./M1________________
Lead and its inorganic compounds (Z37.ll- 0.2 mg./M1.................... .
1969)
--* Methyl chloride (Z37.18-1969)....................... 100 p.p.m........ 200 p.p.m........
300 p.p.m____ .. 5 minutes in
any 3 hours.
--^ Methylene Chloride (Z37.3-1969).............. . 500 p.p.m........ 1,000 p.p.m___
2,000 p.p.m... .. 5 minutes in
any 2 hours.
Organo (alkyl) mercury (Z37.30-1969)
0.01 mg./M1... 0.04 mg./M*.
Styrene (Z37.15-1969)...........................
100 p.p.m...
5 minutes in
any 3 hours.
4p"^ Trichloroethylene (Z37.19-1967).........
5 minutes in
any 2 hours.
--^ Tetrachloroethylene (Z37.22-1967)___
6 minutes in
any 3 hours.
Toluene (Z37.12-I967)...........................
200 p.p.m...
........ 500 p.p.m.
10 minutes.
Hydrogen sulfide (Z37.2-1966)............
........50 p.p.m..
10 minutes once
only if no
other measur
able exposure
Mercury (Z37.8-1971)..................................................................lmg./lOM* Chromic acid and chromates (Z37.7-1971) ............................ ........ do1
1910.93(b)(3)
116
VVC 000010319
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
(c) Table G-3: An employee's exposure to any material listed in table G-3, in any 8-hour work shift of a 40-hour work week, shall not exceed the 8-hour time weighted average limit given for that material in the table.
Table G-S--Mineral Dusts
Substance
Mppcf * Mg/M*
Silica: Crystalline: Quartz (respirable)...............
250 * 10mg/M3 m
%Si08+5 %SiO,+2 Quartz (total dust)................................. . 30mg/M3
Cristobalite: Use Vi the value calculated from the count or mass formulae for quartz.
Tndymite: Use M the value calculated from the for mulae for quartz.
Amorphous, including natural
dlatomaceous earth..............
%SjOj+2 20 80mg/M*
%SlQa
Silicates (less than 1% crys talline silica): Mica....................... -............. Soapstone......................... . Talc (non-asbestos-form). Talc (fibrous). Use asbestos limit................................... Tremolite (see talc, fibrous) Portland cement.................. Graphite (natural)................. Coal dust (respirable fraction less than 5% SiO*)....... .........
For more than 5% SiOj............
20 20 20
50 15
... 2.4mg/M* or
__ lOmg/M*
Inert or Nuisance Dust: Respirable fraction... Total dust...................
%SiOj+2 16 5mg/M> 50 15mg/M3
Note: Conversion factors-- mppcfX35.3=million particles per cubic meter
^particles per c.c. Millions of particles per cubic foot of air, based on Impinger samples counted by light-field technics. 1 The percentage of crystalline silica in the formula is the amount determined from air-borne samples, ex cept in those instances in which other methods have been shown to be applicable. i As determined by the membrane filter method at 430XPhase contrast magnification. " Both concentration and percent quartz for the appli cation of this limit are to be determined from the fraction passing a size-selector with the following characteristics: "Containing < 1% quartz; if > 1% quartz, use quartz
limit.
1910.93(c)
STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS
(d) Computation formulae:
O)
(t) The cumulative exposure for an 8-hour work shift shall be computed as follows:
c.r. + c.r* + ... CnTu e =-----------------------------------------
8 where: B is the equivalent exposure for the working shift. C is the concentration during any period of time T where the concentration remains constant. T is the duration in hours of the exposure at the concentration C. The value of E shall not exceed the 8-hour time weighted average limit in table G-l, G-2, or G-3 for the material involved.
(ii) To illustrate the formula prescribed in subdivision (i) of this subparagraph, note that isoamyl acetate has an 8-hour time weighted average limit of 100 p.p.m. (table G-l). Assume that an employee is subject to the following exposure:
Two hours exposure at 150 p.p.m. Two hours exposure at 75 p.p.m. Four hours exposure at 50 p.p.m.
Substituting this information in the for mula, we have
2 X 150 + 2 x 75 + 4 x 50
Since 81.25 p.p.m. is less than 100 p.p.m., the 8-hour time weighted average limit,
the exposure is acceptable.
(2)
(i) In case of a mixture of air contaminants an employer shall compute the equivalent exposure as follows:
Cl Ct
Cm
Em = -- +
+ -----
Li Lz
Lm
where: Em is the equivalent exposure for the mixture. C is the concentration of a particular contaminant. L is the exposure limit for that contaminant, from
table G-l, G-2, or G-3.
U7
1910.93(d)(2)(i)
VVC 001032o
1910.93(d)(2)(i) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
The value of Em shall not exceed unity (1).
(ii) To illustrate the formula prescribed in subdivision (i) of this subparagraph, con sider the following exposures:
Material
Actual con centration of 8-hour exposure
8-hour time weighted average exposure limit
Acetone (Table G-l)__ 500 p.p.m. 2-Butanone (Table G-l) 45 p.p.m. Toluene (Table G-2)__ 40 p.p.m.
1,000 p.p.m. 200 p.p.m. 200 p.p.m.
Substituting in the formula, we have:
500 45 40
Em -- ------- + - -j- ~ "
1,000
200 200
Em = 0.500 + 0.225 + 0.200
Em = 0.925
Since Em is less than unity (1), the expoure combination is within acceptable limits.
(e) To achieve compliance with paragraph (a) through (d) of this section, administrative or engineering controls must first be determined and implemented whenever feasible. When such controls are not feasible to achieve full compliance, protective equipment or any other protective measures shall be used to keep the exposure of employees to air contami nants within the limits prescribed in this sec tion. Any equipment and/or technical measures used for this purpose must be approved for each particular use by a compe tent industrial hygienist or other technically qualified person. Whenever respirators are used, their use shall comply with 1910.134.
1910.93a--ASBESTOS
(a) Definitions.
For the purpose of this section.
(1) "Asbestos" includes chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite.
(2) "Asbestos fibers" means asbestos fibers longer than 5 micrometers.
(b) Permissible exposure to airborne concen trations of asbestos fibers.
(1) Standard effective July 7, 1972. The 8-hour time-weighted average airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed five fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air. as determined by the method prescribed in paragraph (e) of this section.
(2) Standard effective July I, 1976. The 8-hour time-weighted average airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed two fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air, as determined by the method prescribed in paragraph (e) of this section.
(3) Ceiling concentration. No employee shall be exposed at any time to airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers in excess of 10 fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic cen timeter of air, as determined by the method prescribed in paragraph (e) of this section.
(c) Methods of compliance.
(1) Engineering methods.
(i) Engineering controls. Engineering con trols, such as, but not limited to, isolation, enclosure, exhaust ventilation, and dust
1910.93a(c)(l)(i)
118
vvc 000010321-
CONTINENTAL OIL COMPANY
ANALYTICAL RESEARCH SECTION
RESEARCH SERVICES DIVISION
TECHNICAL SERVICE RE PUTTf
NO.
435-74-849-1 June 13, 1974
TO: David V. Porchey
AMItCSS laguiRT TO:
E. L. Sones
WUCCT:
COMPARISON OF CENTURY OVA READINGS WITH GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY DETERMINATIONS OF VCM IN AIR
CONCLUSIONS: The Century OVA gave reasonably good agreement with gas chromatography data on normal plant air samples. When used with knowledge of its limitations, the Century OVA remains a useful tool in monitoring VCM levels at our plants.
EXPERIMENTAL: Air samples were routinely collected in bags as part of the personnel exposure monitoring program at CONOCO Chemicals, Oklahoma City. Vinyl chloride monomer determinations were performed on these samples using a Carle Model 9500 gas chromatograph and quantitation based on a 98-ppm VCM standard gas sample. After gas chromatography analyses, the bags were connected to the Century OVA sample probe and the OVA reading was recorded. The OVA reading of the laboratory air at that time and of the lowest reading obtained during the most recent Operational Survey was also recorded.
DISCUSSION: The experimental procedure provides direct comparison on the same sample. Previously encountered problems in attempting to grab a sample for gas chroma tography while taking OVA readings are elimited.
The known limitations of the OVA were substantiated by this study. As the OVA does not differentiate among the organic vapors in the sample, it may give high readings as VCM due to interfering components of the sample. There is an inherent background reading with the OVA which changes and cannot be accurately determined.
The correlation between the two methods is much better than I expected. The attached tabulation of data shows agreement within three ppm except for the sample containing vapors from paint (those vapors eluted on the chromatograph, also, but were not measured). The "apparent OVA background reading" is the lowest reading obtained on outside air during the sampling time period. The "corrected OVA" reading is the difference between the "actual OVA reading" and the assumed back ground response.
Associate Research Scientist Analytical Research Section
VVC 000010322
Technical Service Report No. 435-74-849-1 Page 2
APPROVED:
R. E. Laramy
st
Research Group Leader fj
Separations Analysis Group
Analytical Research Section
"
ELS-BW
Attachment Copies to: DBB-FK-GP-WRS-WRF-FS-RTF plV-rel-wdl-fme-htf-asr-eas
yVC 000010323
Technical Service Report No. 435-74-849-1
Lab OVA
Apparent OVA
Actual OVA Corrected OVA GC Results
Sample_________ Reading Background Reading Reading
Reading
(ppm VCM)
Sones-30-05-74
7
6
35 29 32.
Sones-03-06-74A
7
6
19 13 16.
Sones-03~06-74B
7
6
28 22 23.
Sones-03-06-74C
7
6
15
9 8.
Sones-03-06-74D
7
6
25 19 23.
Schirf-04-06-74
10
6
52 48 56.
Schuster-04-06-74
10
6
8 2 1.2
Sones-04-06-74
10
6
16 10 12.
Gibson-05-06-74
7
6
39 33 32.
Schirf-05-06-74
7
6
7 1 0.5
Paschall-05-06-74
7
6
7 1 0.2
Paschall-06-06-74
7
6
14
8 5.
Reiter-06-06-74A
7
6
9 3 2.
Talley-06-06-74
7
6
12
6 4.
Reiter-06-06-74B
6
6
24 18 18.
Dimick-06-06-74
6
6
7 1 0.2
Couch-06-06-74
6
6
13
7 7.
Harris-0 6-06-74
8
6
11
5 2.
Freeman-06-06-74
8
6
18 12 10.
Little-07-06-74
14
14
17
3 2.
Martin-07-06-74
14
14
750 740* 3.
Harrison-07-06-74
14
14
15
1** 0.1
Mclnturf f-0 7-06-74
14
14
16
2** 0.0
White-07-06-74A
14
14
19
5** 2.
White-07-06-74B
14
14
21
7 ** 3.
Freeman-07-06-74 Underhill-07-06-74
14 14
14 14
27
13**
7.
18 4** 0.2
Allen-07-06-74
11
11
27 16 15.
Gibson-0 7-06-74
11
11
13
2 1.1
Harris-07-06-74
11
11
16
5 1.0
Parker-07-06-74
11
11
14
3 3.
Goldsberry-07-06-74
11
11
12
1 0.0
* Sample was taken while painting.
**Samples were taken in new air bags which were not flushed out prior to this use.
VVC 00001032*