Document 4jLvvkRj4N7JmmomkRmMq00R

UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION METALS DIVISION P. 0. BOX 579 NIAGARA FALLS, N.Y. 14302 . TEL: 716-278-3376 November 24, 1980 TO: "Calidria" Asbestos Customers, Distributors & Warehouses: Enclosed Is the most recent version of the OSHA standard on asbestos. In our annual mailing of asbestos health and regulatory informa tion sent to you in early October, we inadvertently Included a copy o,f an earlier version. In addition to recodifying the standard from 1910.93a (Subpart G) to 1910.1001 (Subpart Z), the section on Recordkeeping, 1910.1001(i)(l), has been revised to require that exposure records be maintained for "at least 20 years" rather than 3 years. Please replace any OSHA asbestos standards in your files with the enclosed (pink) version. Very truly yours R. E. Byrne, Manager-Asbestos Technology REB:da1 Enclosure UCC 014049 received NOV 251980 ucc-caudRI* WJ-S. l' * I AQ858 1 Title 29--LABOR Choplcr XVII--Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Depart ment of Labor PART 1910--OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS Standard for Exposure to Asbestos Dust On December 7, 1971, an emergency temporary standard concerning exposure to asbestos fibers was published in the Federal Register (36 F.R. 23307). In ac cordance with section 6'c) (3) of the.WilUams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. a notice of proposed rulemaking regarding a permanent standard for exposure to asbestos fibers was published in the Federal Register on January 12, 1972 (37 F.R. 466). The no tice invited interested persons to submit both orally and in writing, data, views, and arguments concerning the proposal. On or about January 24, 1972. the Ad visory Committee ou Asbestos Dust was established and requested to make writ ten recommendations with regard to the proposed standard on asbestos. On or about February 1, 1972, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare tranr mltted to the Secretary of Labor a cri teria document containing Recommenda- NOTEi The preamble to the "permanent" asbestos stan dard, issued June 7, 1972, is reproduced for informa tion. It was not included in the republication of the standard on June 27, 1974, but directly relates, pro viding background consider ations for OSllA's exposure to asbestos dust iregulation. RULES AND REGULATIONS 11318 lions for an Occupational Exposure exposure to asbestos fibers and the ap Standard for Asbestos by the National pearance of adverse biological manifes Institute for Occupational Safely and tations, such as asbestosis. lung cancers, Health (NIOSID. Public notice was given and "mesothelioma, have given rise to of the receipt of the recommendations controversy ns to ihc validity of the and their availability for Inspection and measuring techniques used and the relia copying. On or about February 23, 1972. bility of the relations attempted to be the Advisory Committee on Asbestos Dust established. Because of the long lapse submitted its written recommendations of`time between onset of exposure and to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for biological manifestations, we have now Occupational Safety and Health. evidence of the consequences of exposure, Pursuant to the notice of rule making, but we do not have, in general, accurate a hearing was held on March 14 through measures of the levels of exposure oc 17,1972. for the purpose of receiving oral curring 20 or 30 years ago, which have data, views, and arguments concerning given rise to these consequences. There the proposed standard. On or about are also controversies concerning the March 31,1972, the presiding hearing ex relative toxicity of the various kinds of aminer certified to the Assistant Secre nsbestos, and varying hazards in dif tary of Labor for Occupational Safety ferent workplaces. and Health the record of the proceeding. It is fair to say that the controversy The record includes prehearing written has centered in the area between a two- comments, a transcript of the oral pres fiber TWA concentration and five-fiber entations made at the hearing, and nu TWA concentration, with variations on merous exhibits received during the the time needed for compliance. Many course of the hearing or within the pe employers support a five-fiber TWA. riod allowed after the close of the Most medical opinion is divided between hearing. . a two-fiber standard and a five-fiber The proposed standard dealt with <1> standard. permissible concentrations of asbestos In view of the undisputed grave con fibers: <2) methods of compliance; (3) . sequences from exposure to asbestos warning signs; (4) monitoring; (5) med ical examinations; and (6) recordkeep ing. Each of these major proposals elic ited comments, arguments, objections, fibers, it is essential that the exposure be regulated now; on the basis of the best evidence available now, even though it may not be as good as scientifically de and counterproposals. They all have been sirable. An asbestos standard can be re examined and considered. evaluated in the light of the results of 1. Acceptable concentrations of asbes ongoing studies, and future studies, but tos dust. The proposed standard would cannot wait for them. Lives of employees limit occupational exposure to 8-hour are at stake. time-weighted average (TWA) airborne concentrations of asbestos dust not ex ceeding five fibers longer than five micrometers per milliliter. Concentra tions above five fibers but not to exceed 10 fibers (ceiling concentration) would It is concluded that there should be one minimum standard of exposure to asbestos applicable to all workplaces ex posed to any kind, or mixture of kinds, of asbestos. Reasons of practical ad ministration preclude a variety of stand be permitted up to 15 minutes in an hour, but for not more than 5 hours in any one 8-hour day. NIOSH in effect has recommenced that the five-fiber TWA and 10-flber peak concentrations be permitted only for 2 years; thereafter, TWA concentra ards for different kinds of asbestos and of workplaces. Also, while the evidence tends to show that crocidolite. for in stance, is more harmful thun chrysotile, the evidence-is not sufficient to establish separate standards for varieties of asbestos. tions should be not more than 2 fibers per cubic centimeter (cm.1) of air. and peak concentrations should not exceed 10 fibers/cm.\ with no time restriction. Numerous objections and counterpro posals have been made, with regard to both the limits of asbestos fiber concen trations and the time periods to comply with them. Some, for example, have rec ommended return to a 12-fiber standard of an earlier day; l.e., a level adopted under the Walsh-Healey Public Con tracts Act in i960. Others have recom mended a two-fiber standard to become effective in 6 months, then a one-fiber standard for 2 years, and finally a zerofiber standard after 3 years. These rec ommendations give a fair indication of the wide spread of the counterproposals. Because there must be one standard governing exposure to all varieties of asbestos, and in workplaces apparently more hazardous than others; because some present employees with regular ex posure to asbestos have probably al ready accumulated great doses of asbes tos fibers, due to higher levels of ex posure in the past; because it appears that levels of exposure which may be safe with regard to asbestosis are not safe with regard to mesothelioma; be cause the statute requires the protection of every employee, even of one v ho may have regular exposure to asbestos during a working life which may reach, or even exceed. 40 years: and because of several other considerations which have been urged and are reflected in the record of No one has disputed that exposure to the proceeding, the conflict in the medi asbestos of high cuouuh intensity and cal evidence is resolved in favor of the long enough duration is causally related health of employees. As of July 1, 1976. to asbestosis and cancers. The dispute Is TWA concentrations of asbestos fibers as to the determination of a specific level longer than S micrometers will not be below which exposure is safe. Various allowed to exceed two fibers 'cc.. with a studies attempting to establish quantita ceiling value of 10 fibers, ce. The current tive relations between specific levels of TWA concentrations of five fibers, and FE0UAI MOISTfR, VOt. IT, NO. 1 to--WEDNESDAY, JUNE 7, 1971 UCC 014050 A08582 RULES AND REGULATIONS 11319 ceiling concentrations of 10 flbers/cc. fibers, so that these would not be released will tie permitted until July 1, lRTG^dur- in the normal use of the products, should Imr what will be a transitional jfcrlod not be required lo be' labeled; and (2> deemed necessary to Allow employers to words such ns "danger" and "cancer" are make the needed changes lor coming unwarrantcdly alarming. into compliance with the more stringent Both contentions have merit, and the standard. standnrd lias been changed accordingly., The record shows that the many wort 4. Monitoring. The proposed standard operations subject to the single asbestos would have required personal monitor standard (textile, manufacturing. Indus ing and environmental monitoring. trial. and marine installation, etc.) will Many issues have been raised concerning meet yaryinc degrees of difficulty In the availability and reliability of meas complying with the standard. In some uring instruments, frequency of moni p;.'-extensive redesign and relocn- toring. and conditions In which monitor lii a of equipment may be needed. It ap ing should be required. The adopted pears. however, the delay in the effective standard takes the objections into con date of the two-fiber standard will pro sideration. It requires periodic monitor vide all employers a reasonable time to ing at Intervals no longer than 6 months, comply. At the same time, so long as the thus allowing considerable time and dis ceiling limit Is complied with, no harm cretion, and prescribes the use of the is reasonably expected to result from ex membrane filter method, which is an ac posures dunng the transitional period. ceptable method for determination of 2. .Methods of compliance. It has been pointed out by many persons, that pro tection against asbestos fibers is best obtained by controlling the generation of fibers first, and secondly, by controlling asbestos fibers. It has also been. recommended that employees or their representatives should have an opportunity to observe the monitoring. The recommendation has the dispersion of released fibers into the ambient air of the workplaces. Therefore, the standard requires feasible techno logical controls and appropriate work practices as the primary means of com pliance. Rotation of employees as a way been accepted. 5. Medical examinations The pro posed standard would only require an appropriate medical examination on a periodic basis. The generality of the pro posal has attracted many objections and of meeting the TWA concentration re also many helpful comments. The recom quirement is allowed only In stated ex mendations of NIOSH and of the Advi ceptional circumstances, because, as a sory Committee on Asbestos Dust were general rule. It would be difficult to im much more specific with respect to both plement. Personal protective equipment, frequency and type of medical examina such as respirators, cannot be relied tions to be required. The comments vary upon because, among other reasons, they as to the class' of employees to be ex may be so uncomfortable as to be bur amined and as to the frequency of the densome, except for short periods of examinations. . time. Therefore, it is expected that res The adopted standard requires medical pirators and shift rotation will be used examinations both at the beginning and during the period necessary to install en the termination of employments exposed gineering controls and to train employ to concentrations of asbestos fibers, and ees in sound work practices, but, after also inquires annual medical examina technological compliance has been tions of every employee exposed to air achieved, their use must be limited' to borne concentrations of asbestos. It has special work situations and emergencies. been pointed out that in certain indus Where both are practicable, shift rota tries. such os construction, an employee tion Is required. may work for several employers during 3. Labeling. The proposed standard the same year. Accordingly, the standard stopped short of requiring labeling as does not require either preemployment, bestos and asbestos-containing products. or termination, or periodic examinaton The proposed standard would have re of any employee who has been examined quired oniy warning signs at locations in accordance with the standard within where asbestos hazards are present. the past year. * However, labeling, rather than warning One question which has. been raised signs, has proved to be a point of con goes to whether the employer or the em troversy. Both NIOSH and the Advisory ployee should be allowed to choose the Committee on Asbestos Dust recom examining physician. The standard mended labels for asbestos products and gives the option to the employer. Since containers, and these recommendations some employers already have a medical became very controversial in the course examination program in operation, and, of the proceeding. Many countcrpro- also, have medical departments with proposals have been made as to the lan some expertise in the diagnosis of abes- guage of the warning as well as to the tos-relatcd diseases. It seems more products to be subject to the labeling reasonable to permit them to utilise the requirements. Employers, In general, present programs and expertise, than to strongly contend that (1) finished prod permit an employee to choose a private ucts which effectively entrap asbestos general practitioner. 8, Records. The standard, as proposed and as adopted, requires maintenance of records of monitoring and of medical examinations. Most of the controversy In this area has revolved around the ques tion whether an employer should be al lowed to have access to the results of the required medical examinations. The apprehension of those wlio have argued against employer access is based on the expectation that some employers will use the medical examinations as a means of screening employment applicants, and worse, as grounds for discharging current employees, who show signs of being af fected by exposure to asbestos. Since the purpose of the medical examinations is to monitor the health of employees ex posed to the hazards of abestos, em ployees cannot in reason be granted the privilege of refusing to disclose to their employers results of occupational expo sure. It docs not make sense to require employers to provide medical examina tions if they cannot know and use the results of the examinations. For these reasons the standard provides that em ployers may have a restricted access to some medical information. On the other hand, there Is no inten tion to allow employers to abuse medical information obtained pursuant to the! Act, to the detriment of employees. Therefore, the administration of the medical records requirement will be closely watched, and, in cases of abuse, appropriate action will be considered. The issues discussed above are believed to be die major ones. Numerous other Is sues have been raised in the rulemaking proceedings. Some have been referred to Incidentally. Many recommendations, for Instance, about work practices, are so obviously meritorious that their adop tion needs no exposition here. Other recommendations and many objections h ;.vc not been adopted for a variety of reasons wliich should be manifest. Sev eral, for Instance, have recommended the use of respirators only pursuant to a variance, or in cases of emergency and occasional short-term exposures. The recommendation with respect to vari ances undoubtedly has many merits, but is considered administratively Im practical. KOEftAl JtECWl*, VOL J7, NO. 110--WEDNESDAY, JUNE 7, 1171 UCC 014051 A08583  1910.1001 Title 29--Labor ' Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 1900 to 1919 Revised as of July 1, 1979 1910.1001 Asbestos. " (a> Definitions, For the purpose of this section. (1) "Asbestos" includes chrysotile, amosite. crocidolite. tremolite. anthophyllite, and actinolite. (2) "Asbestos fibers" means asbestos fibers longer than 5 micrometers. (b) Permissible exposure to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers--(1) Standcini effective July 7, 1072. The 8- hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed five fibers. Sumter than 5 micrometers, per cubic centi meter ol air. as determined by the method prescribed in paragraph (e) of this section. t2* Standard effective July 1. J976. Tile 6-hour time-weighted average air borne concentrations ot asbestos fibers to which any employee may be ex posed shall not exceed two fibers. 580 A08 584 UCC 014052 Chapter XVII--Occupational Safety and Health Administration 1910.1001 longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic moved from bags, cartons, or other centimeter of air, as determined by containers in which they are shipped, the method prescribed in paragraph without being either wetted, or en- (e) of this section' closed, or ventilated so as to prevent (3) CcMing concentration. No em- effectively the release of airborne as- pioyee shall be exposed at any time to bestos fibers in excess of the limits airborne concentrations of asbestos prescribed in paragraph <b) of this sec- fibers in excess of 10 fibers, longer tion. - than 5 micrometers, per cubic centi- (iii) Spraying, demolition, or remov- meter of air, as determined by the al. Employees engaged in the spraying method prescribed in paragraph (e) of of asbestos, the removal, or demolition this section. of pipes, structures, or equipment cov- (c) Methods of compliance--(1) Engi- ered or insulated with asbestos, and in peering methods, (i) Engineering con- the removal or demolition of asbestos trols. Engineering controls, such as, insulation .or coverings shall be pro- but not limited to, isolation, enclosure, vided with respiratory equipment in exhaust ventilation, and dust collec- accordance with paragraph (d)(2)(iii) tion, shall be used to meet the expo- of this section and with special cloth- sure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) ing in accordance with paragraph of this section. (d)(3) of this section. (ii) Local exhaust ventilation, (a) (d) Personal protective equipment-- Local exhaust ventilation and dust col- (1) Compliance with the exposure lection systems shall be designed, con- limits prescribed by paragraph (b) of structed, installed, and maintained in. this section may not be achieved by accordance with the American.Nation- the use of respirators or shift rotation al Standard Fundamentals Governing of employees, except: the Design and Operation of Local Ex- (i) During the time period necessary haust Systems, ANSI Z9.2-1971, which toinstall the engineering controls and is incorporated by reference herein. to institute the work practices re- (b) See 1910.6 concerning the avail- quired by paragraph (c) of this sec- ability of ANSI Z9.2-1971, and the tion`, maintenance of a historic file in con- (ii) In work situations in which the nection therewith. The address of the methods prescribed in paragraph (c) American National Standards Insti- of this section are either technically tute is given in 1910.100. not feasible or feasible to an extent in- (iii) Particular tools. All hand-oper- sufficient to reduce the airborne con- ated and power-operated tools which centrations of asbestos fibers below may produce or release asbe'stos fibers the limits prescribed by paragraph (b) in excess of the exposure limits pre- of this section; or . scribed in paragraph (b) of this sec- (iii) In emergencies, tion. such as, but not limited to, saws, (iv) Where both respirators and per- scorers, abrasive wheels, and drills, sonnel rotation are allowed by para- shall be provided with local exhaust graphs (d)(1) (i), (ii), or (iii) of this sec- ventilation systems in accordance with tion, and both are practicable, person- subdivision (ii) of this subparagraph. nel rotation shall be preferred and (2) Work practices--ii) Wet methods, used. Insofar as practicable, asbestos shall (2) Where a respirator is permitted be handled, mixed, applied, removed, by paragraph (d)(1) of this section, it cut, scored, or otherwise worked in a shall be selected from among those ap- wet state sufficient to prevent the proved by *^he Bureau of Mines. De emission of airborne fibers in excess of partment of the Interior, or the Na- the exposure limits prescribed in para- tionai Institute for Occupational graph (b) of this section, unless the Safety and Health, Department of usefulness of the product would be di- Health, Education, and Welfare,' under minished thereby. the provisions of 30 CFR Part 11 (37 (ii) Particular products and oper- F.R. 6244, Mar. 25, 1972), and shall be ations. No asbestos cement, mortar, used in accordance with subdivisions coating, grout, plaster, or similar raft- (i). (ii). (iii). and (iv) of this subpara- terial containing asbestos shall be rc- graph. 581 UCC 014053 A0858S  1910.1001 Title 29--Labor (i) Air purifying respirators. A reus unable to function normally wearing a able or single use air purifying respira respirator, or that the safety or health tor, or a respirator described in para of the employee or other employees graphs (d)(2) (ii) or (iii> of this section, will be impaired by his use of a respi shall bo used to reduce the concentra rator. Such employee shall be rotated tions of airborne asbestos fibers in the to another job or given the opportuni respirator below the. exposure limits ty to transfer to a different position prescribed in paragraph (b) of this sec whose duties he is able to perform tion. when the ceiling or the 8-hour with the same employer, in the same time-weighted average airborne con geographical area and with the same centrations of asbestos fibers are rea seniority, status, and rate of pay he sonably expected to exceed no more had just prior t,o such transfer, if such than 10 times those limits. a different position is available, (ii) Powered air purifying respira (3.) Special clothing: The employer tors. A full facepiece powered air puri shall provide, and require the use of, fying respirator, or a powered air puri special clothing, such as coveralls or fying respirator, or a.respirator de similar whole body clothing, head co-, scribed in paragraph <d)(2)(iii) of this verings, gloves, and foot coverings for section, shall be used to reduce the any-employee exposed to airborne con concentrations of airborne asbestos centrations of asbestos fibers, which fibers in the respirator below the ex exceed the ceiling level prescribed :n posure limits prescribed in paragraph paragraph (b) of this section. (b) of this section, when the ceiling or (4)Change rooms: (i) At any fixed the 8-hour time-weighted average con place of employment exposed to air centrations of asbestos fibers are rea borne concentrations of asbestos fibers sonably expected to exceed 10 times, in excess of the exposure limits pre but not 100 times, those limits. scribed in paragraph (b) of this sec (iii) Type "C" supplied-air respira tion, the employer shall provide tors, continuous flow or pressure- change rooms for employees working demand class. A type "C" continuous regularly at the place. flow or pressure-demand, supplied-air <ii) Clothes lockers: The employer respirator shall be used to reduce the shall provide two separate lockers or concentrations of airborne asbestos containers for each employee, so sepa fibers in the respirator below the ex rated or isolated as to prevent con posure limits prescribed in paragraph tamination of the employee's street (b) of this section, when the ceiling or clothes from his work clothes. the 8-hour time-weighted average air (iii) Laundering: (a) Laundering of borne concentrations of asbestos fibers -asbestos contaminated clothing shall are reasonably expected to exceed 100 be done so as to prevent the release of times those limits. air-borne asbestos fibers in excess of (iv) Establishment of a respirator the exposure limits prescribed in para program, (o) The employer shall es graph (b) of this section. tablish a respirator program in accord (6) Any employer who gives asbes ance with the requirements of the tos-contaminated clothing to another American National Standards Prac- person for laundering shall inform tiers for Respiratory Protection, ANSI such person of the requirement in Z88.2-1969, which is incorporated by paragraph (d>(4Xiii)(a) of this section reference herein. to effectively prevent the release of (b) See 5 1910.6 concerning the avail airborne asbestos fibers in excess of ability of ANSI Z33.2-l$u9 and the the exposure limits prescribed in para maintenance of a historic file in con graph (b) of this section. nection therewith. The address of the (c) Contaminated clothing shall be American National Standards Insti transported in scaled impermeable tute is given in 5 131O.1C0. bags, or other closed, impermeable <c) No employee shall be assigned to containers, and labeled in accordance tasks requiring the use of respirators with paragraph (g) of this section. if, based upon his most recent exami (e) Method of measurement All de nation, an examining physician deter terminations of airborne concentra mines that the . employee will be tions of asbestos fibers shall be made 582 UCC 014054 AG8586 Chaptor XVII--Occupational Safety and Health Administration 1910.1001 by the membrane filter method at quency and pattern as to represent 4GC-450 y (magnification) (4 millime with reasonable accuracy the levels of ter objective) with phase contrast illu exposure of the employees. In no ease mination. shall sampling be at intervals greater <f) Monitoring--(1) Initial determi than 6 months for employees whose nations. Within 6 months of the publi exposures to asbestos may reasonably cation of this section, every employer be foreseen to exceed the exposure shall cause every place of employment limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of where asbestos fibers are released to this section. be monitored in such a way as to de (4) Employee observation of morif? termine whether every employee's ex toring. Affected employees, or their posure to asbestos fibers is below the representatives, shall be given a rea limits prescribed in paragraph fb) of sonable opportunity to observe any this section. If the limits arc exceeded. monitoring required by this paragraph the employer shall immediately under take a compliance program in accord ance with paragraph (c) of this sec tion. (2) Personal monitoring--(i) Sam ples shall be collected from within the breathing zone of the employees,, on membrane filters of 0.8 micrometer porosity mounted in an open-face filter holder. Samples shall be taken- for the determination of the'8-hour time-weighted average airborne con centrations and of the ceiling concen trations of asbestos fibers. (ii) Sampling frequency and pat and shall have access to the recordsthereof. (g) Caution signs and labels. (1) Caution signs, 'i) Posting. Caution signs shall be provided and displayed at each location where airborne con centrations of asbestos fibers may be in excess of the exposure limits pre scribed in paragraph (b) of this sec tion. Signs shall be posted at such a distance from such a location so that an employee may read the signs and take necessary protective steps before entering the area marked by the signs. Signs shall be posted at all approaches terns. After the initial determinations to areas containing excessive concen required by paragraph (f)(1) of this trations of airborne asbestos fibers. section, samples shall be of such fre (ii) Sign specifications. The warning quency and pattern as to represent signs required by paragraph <g)(l)(i) with reasonable accuracy the levels of of this section shall conform to the exposure of employees. In no case requirements of 20" x 14" vertical shall the sampling be done at intervals format ' signs specified in greater than 6 months for employees 5 1910.145(d)(4), and to this subdivi whose exposure to asbestos may rea sion. The signs shall display the fol sonably be foreseen to exceed the lowing legend in the lower panel, with limits prescribed by paragraph (b) of letter sizes and styles of a visibility at this section. least equal to that specified in this (3) Environmental monitoring--li) . subdivision. Samples shall be collected from areas legend Notation of a work environment which are rep Asbestos..... ................... ................... I" Sans Sen!, Gothic of resentative of the airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers which may reach the breathing zone of employ ees. Samples shall be collected on a membrane filter of 0.8 micrometer po rosity mounted in an open-face filter holder. Samples shall be taken for the determination of the 8-hour time- Block. Dust Hazard........ .............................. y," Sans Sefil. Gothic . of Block. Avoid Breathing Oust......................... v," Gothic Wear Assigned Protective Iv' Gothic. Equipment. Do Not tt amain In Area Unless ' W Gothic Your Work Requires It. . Brua thing Asbestos Oust Hay Be '4 point Gothic. Hafardous To Your Health, weighted average airborne concentra Spacing between lines shall be at least tions and of the ceiling concentrations equal to the height of the upper of of asbestos fibers. any two lines. (ii) Sampling frequency and pat (2) Caution labels--(i) Labeling. Cau terns. After the initial determinations tion labels shall be affixed to all raw required by paragraph (f)(1) of this materials, mixtures, scrap, waste, section, samples shall be of such fre debris, and other products containing 40-075 0--7*--------51 583 . A08557 UCC 014055  1910.1001 Title 29--Labor asbestos fibers, or to their containers, except that no label is required where asbestos fibers have been modified by a bonding agent, coating, binder, or other material so that during any rea sonably foreseeable use, handling, storage, disposal, processing, or trans portation, no airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of the ex posure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section will be released. (ii) Label specifications. The caution labels required by paragraph (g)(2)(i) of this section shall be printed in let ters of sufficient size and contrast as to be readily visible and legible. The label shall state: Caution Contains Asbestos Fibers Avoid Creating Dust Breathing Asbestos Dust May Cause Serious Bodily Harm (h) Housekeeping--(1) Cleaning. All external surfaces in any place of em ployment shall be maintained free of accumulations of asbestos fibers if, with their dispersion, there would be an excessive concentration. . (2) Waste disposal. Asbestos Waste, scrap, debris, bags, containers, equip ment, and asbestos-contaminated clothing, consigned for disposal', which may produce in any reasonably fore seeable use, handling, storage, process ing, disposal, or transportation air borne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits pre scribed in paragraph Co) of this section shall be collected and disposed of in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers. (i) Recordkeeping--(1) Exposure rec ords. Every employer shall maintain records of any personal or environ mental monitoring required by this section. Records shall be maintained for a period of at. least 20 years and shell be made avc'lnbie upon, request to the Assistant Eecroiary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and to authorized representatives of cither. (2) Employer access. Every employee and former employee shall have rea sonable access to any record required to be maintained by paragraph (iXl) of this section, which indicates the employee's own exposure to asbestos fibers. (3) Employee notification. Any em ployee found to have been exposed at any time to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of the limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this sec tion shall be notified in writing of the exposure as soon as practicable but not later than 5 days of the finding. The employee shall also be timely no tified of the corrective action being taken. (j) Medical examinations--{1) Gen eral The employer shall provide or make available at his cost, medical ex aminations relative to exposure to as bestos required by this paragraph. (2) Preplacement. The employer shall provide or make available to each of his employees, within 30 calen dar days following his first employ ment in an occupation exposed to air borne concentrations of asbestos fibers, a comprehensive medical exam ination, which shall include, as a mini mum, a chest roentgenogram (posteri or-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respira tory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (TEV,.*). (3) Annual examinations. On or before January 31, 1973, and at least annually thereafter, every employer shall provide, or make available, com prehensive medical examinations to each of his employees engaged in occu pations exposed to airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers. Such annual examination shall include, as a mini mum, a chest roentgenogram (posteri or-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respira tory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FLY (4) Termination of employment. The employer shall provide, or make avail able, within 30 calendar days before or after the termination of employment of any employee engaged in an occu pation exposed to airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers, a comprehen sive medical examination which shall UCC 014056 A 08 5 88 Chapter XVII--Occupational Safoty and Hoalth Administration include, as a minimum, a chest roent- gei.ogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptoma tology of respiratory disease, and pul monary function tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at i second (FEVi.a). (5) Recent extnnijuitions. No medical examination is required of any em ployee. if adequate records show that The employee has been examined in accordance with this paragraph within the past 1-year period. ' 78 (6) Medical records--(i) Mainte nance. Employers of employees exam ined pursuant to this paragraph shall 1919.19 Special provisions for air con cause to be maintained complete and taminants, accurate records of all such medical examinations. Records shall be re tained by employers for at least 20 years. . (ii) dcccs.s. The contents of the rec ords of the medical examinations re quired by this paragraph Shall be made available, for inspection and (a). A sites fos dust. Section 1910.1001 shall apply to the exposure of every employee to asbestos dust in every em ployment and place of employment covered by $ 1910.12, 1910.13, 1910.14, 1910.15, or 1910.16, in lieu of any dif ferent standard on exposure to asbes tos dust which would otherwise be ap copying, to the Assistant Secretary of plicable by virtue of any of those sec Labor for Occupational Safety and tions. ' Health, the Director of NIOSH, to au thorized physicians and medical con Note: Following defines sultants of either of them, and, upon the request of an employee or former additional occupational employee, to his physician. Any physi areas affected.by section cian who conducts a medical examina 1910.19 above: tion required by this paragraph shall furnish to the employer of xhe exam ined employee all the information spe 1910.12 - Construction cifically required by this paragraph, and any other medical information re lated to occupational exposure to as Work (construc tion, alteration, bestos fibers- and/or repair, in 139 FH 2.15(52. June 27, 197'1. Redesignated at 40 FR 27073. May 28, 1975, and amended at 41 FR 11505. Mar. 19, 19761 ` 1910.13 cluding painting and decorating) Ship repairing 1910.14 Shipbuilding 1910.15 Shipbreaking 1910.16 Longshoring 585 UCC 014057 A 08