Document 4dK3egnp2q1gjvmm4vqpN4Da

FILE NAME: Military Specifications (MS) DATE: 1946 DOC#: MS016 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Govt Manual - Guide for the Preparation of Warning Labels for Hazardous Chemicals Manual L- PART 1 5UK1AL L--- A GUIDE FOR THE PREPARATION OF WARNING LABELS FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS Adopted 191$ Revised April JM The development of new chemical products and the introduction of chemical processes into ever-widening fields has accentuated th e need for furnishing appropriate information in those cases where special precautions are necessary. Many chemicals present no hazards in normal handling and storage and for these products no precautionary l a b e l s ------------ ~ " The edaeafion of employees regarding chemical hazards is, and must remain, the direct K W n - siWMff o f their employers. However, such hazards are not confined to employees alone, and f o r mation concerning them should, so far as practicable, reach every person -Usiojr, transporting, or tortiMf hemicalk. The m ost practical means for the seller to Jmseroiimte this information appears tp bb by labels .ffiisigd to ebsbainers of .hazardous chemical; bearing appropriate precautionary fatement and instructions, stated as simply and briefly as circumstances p erm it In the interest of uniformity and more adequate labeling of chemical products, the Manufac turing Chemists' Association has prepared this Manual for the benefit and guidance of its members, A series of definitions is included in Schedule 1 rn order that the term s used may be clearly under stood. In addition to the general recommendations contained herein, the MCA has prepared sug gested labels for specific products. These have been printed as Manual L-2, which will be supple mented from time to time as additional recommended labels are developed- A precautionary label does not take the place of safety equipment uch as suitable goggles, airline respirato, gas masks, clothing, shoes, etc. * ' Individual statutes, regulations or ordinances may require that particular information be included on a label or th at a specific label be affixed to a container. Ira each ease, the requirements of these laws should also be studied. The learningf label W frd W f* tkiht M&ttml monm be used in addition. to, or m ew h m im m *TA, m p label required f>?f lam.* , - * Federal statutes include: , * % I n t n s M l CwM Bfire Comtehmm: Seirylatinn- fo r T ransportation of Explosives and O ther D angerous A rticles: Supt. of Documents. Covt. P rin tin g Office. W ashington. L>. C. P * s(e i Chftti<e P w y n Act. a n d reg u latio n s: Food and D rug A dm inistration. Federal S ecu rity Agency. W ashington, D .C - ' ' F#dCfl In:>eeiieidc A ct o f IMA a n d re g u la tio n s: A gricultural M atkcting A dm inistration, U. S. D epartm ent of Agt'feifftire , 0 . Cl ' Fetlefat Ffott; Drttg and Cosmetic A ct and regtdations: Food and Drug A dm inistration, Federal Security A gency. W ashington, D=. C. Xefftlnf sta tu te <rf ik e 48 S ta te s and the D istric t of Columbia include Caustic Acid. Pharm acy, Poison, and Insecticide Acts. " Manu**) L- Manuljciu^ng Chtmisu t*tiaon ot ihc Uancd S a ra GENERAL PRINCIPLES In the preparation of any precautionary label the following principles should first be con sidered; 1) Each chemical product (including m ixtures) presents a distinct problem and must be treated indiv*idually, in the light of it's own characteristics. 4) Extrem e care should be exercised in the choice of terminology. Statem ents should be brief and simple. 3) On labels for different products, uniform ity in language to indicate the same hazards is most desirable in order to gain greater understanding through standardization. 4) Precautionary statements must be accurate, selectively chosen, and expressed in . clearly debited terms To be citedive thev should be used only when and to the extent necessary. Labeling of a relatively harmless product so as lu indicate that it la hazard ous, as well as the failure to give adequate notice of a hazard, will develop a disregard for labels and defeat their purpose. For example, if the word " POISON" is to retiiin its usefulness on a label, it should be applied exclusively to those products (1) which are poisons according to a derinite toxicity standard*, or (2) with which it is associated through common usage, or t3) for which its tisO is prescribed by law. in all other cases the relative degree of the hazard can be better indicated by the use of signal words such as: ''DANGER" to cover extrem ely serious hazards; " WARNING" to caver less serious hazards; and "CAUTION" to cover minor hazards, together with a descriptive statem ent of the hazard. 5) Chemical names should be those recommended bv the American Chemical Society. 6) The use of a non-descriptive code designation or trade name as the only identification of a hazardous chemical should be avoided. If for any reason, it is undesirable to show the chemical name, or if the chemical name is so complex us to be meaningless except to the trained chemist, the label should state the type of chemical, e.g., "corpo- sive acid," "lead compound." 7) T hf. following subject m atter should be considered'for inclusion on a precautionary J a S e i `; 1, Chemical name 2. "Signal word" (DANGER-WARNING-CAUTION) designating degree of hazard (Column A, Schedule 3) 3- Affirmative statem ent of "hazard" (Column B, Schedule 3) 4, " Precautionary measures'* covering actions to be followed o r avoided (Column C, Scheduled) ' 5 "instructions kt case of accident," where advisable (Column D, Schedules) S> W arning labels should be printed in easily legible type* which ia in contrast by typog raphy, layout, o r color with any other printed m atter on the label and should be placed conspicuously m containers. Legibility may be preserved with a suitable protective coating. - *To provide a practical w orking standard for labeling purposes " POISON'* ia defined to Schedule 1 of this M anual to include only chem icals capable of cau d n i; acute effects by inpesiion ml in h a la tio n , the piincipal modes of e n try mu> the Lojy. T his definition excludes chem icals capable uf causing injuries as u renull of sa in absorption o r Of chronic exposure by inhalation, because the variable actions and effects of chemical w ith thesis characteristics produite u practical m eans of measuring: th eir hazards. 2 Manual L-t Mamajcwuift Chcmitfi' Anucnuiun U ihc United Sntii Column D--When it is advisable to include instructions in case of accident, the appropriate statem ents may be selected from this column. Instructions in case of accident to indi viduals are valuable but should be limited to recognized first aid procedures based upon simple methods and commonly available materials. Instructions tor strictly medical treat ment should be oinUied except when specifically required by law. Because of the serious and lasting eil'ecls that may result from eye injuries, a recommendation to obtain medical . attention should accompany any specific instruction directed to the treatm ent of the eyes. If the statements trom Schedule 15 fail to meet the exact needs, they should be modified to suit.' In the example shown, toluene, no phrase from this column appears to be necessary. While every compound carries some hazard, if improperly used.TFis impractical to cover every possible contingency on a label. Efforts should be directed toward naming the serious hazards, ami w arning against such abuses ami accidents as are likely to be encountered under normal con ditions. There are scarcely any means of m easuring in absolute terms the relative seriousness of hazards, and the recommendations in Schedule 3 only contemplate their division into two or three degrees of intensity. It follows th a t of two coirqiounds one may be less hazardous than the other and yet may curry the same warnings and cautious. Instructions for handling and storage of containers should be included where conditions indi cate their need. These instructions should take into consideration both the characteristics of the chemical product and the lim itations of the type or types of container in which it is packed. Schedule 4 presents suggested labels for samples of experimental products for which full data regarding hazard.- are not yet known. . Schedule 5 illustrates the application of caution statements to three specific products. In the case of toluene, the statem ents used are similar to those given in Schedule 2 for a compound or m ixture having hazards in classifications I-B and TV. The second example, aqueous hydrofluoric acid represents a verv .special case where the particular hazards require modification of the stand- an t statements. The third example is that of a label for a proprietary compound or mixture. 4 Wniti<'?unAa f'hctm m ' Aacu<i\ M fhf l 'mrH &af< """"....... ` ............. .................... Schedule i DEFINITIONS M anila! i-i Flammable Liquid 1-- An inflammable 1*liquid is any liquid which pivesW Tnflam m able vapors (as determined by flash point from Tagliabue's open-cup tester, a used for test of burning oils) at or below a tem perature of 80 F. . ' Extremal >/ Flammable. L iquid--- An extremely flammable liquid is a liquid which gives off flam mable vapors (as determined by flash point from Tagliabues open-cup tester, as used for test of burning oils) at or below a tem perature of 20"' F. C orratirr--- (Physiological)-- A corrosive is an agent which in contact with living tissue will cause more or less severe destruction of tissue by chemical action. Irritant ~__(Phvsioiogieat)-- An irritan t is an agent which in contact with living tissue will induce either immediately or a fter prolonged or repeated contact a more or less severe local tissue reaction not leading directly to destruction of tissue. S n m itis e r --- (Physiological)--A sensitizer is a material which as ordinarily handled does not necessarily cause any discernible reaction in living iissue but which after initial or re peated contact with the tissue of some individuis may. at a later date, produce a prompt inflammatory reaction on contact, even in minute amounts, with the tissue of the same individuals. ftimtxsu-SofM particles generated by tandil#. crashing, grinding, rapid impact, detonation and decrepitation of organic or ittorgaut material* such as mdc. ore. metal, coat, wood, g rain , etc. Dust* do tm i tend to ttoeettlate except under electrostatic forces; they d not ditfsKO in afr bet settle trader the influence of gravity. Fumes --Solid particles generated by condensation from the gaseous slate, generally a fter volatili zation from molten metals, etc., and often accompanied by a chemical reaction such as oxidation. Fumes flocculate and sometimes coalesce. M i s t s Suspended liquid droplets generated by condensation from the gaseous to the liquid state or by breaking up a liquid into a dispersed state, such as by splashing, foaming, and atomizing. Guam *-- Normally formless fluids which occupy the space of enclosure and which can be changed to the liquid or solid state only by the combined effect of increased pressure and decreased tem perature. Gases diffuse. V apors3--The gaseous form of substances which arc normally in the solid or liquid slate anti which can he changed to these states cither by increasing the pressure or decreasing the the tem perature alone. Vapors diffuse. Poison--- Poison means a substance which, when taken by mouth in amounts of 60 grains (4 gram s) or less, or when inhaled in concentrations of less than 200 parts per million by volume in the air, rapidly (within 5 or 10 minutes) jeopardizes life by other than mediant- eal or physical action. . , Note: T his definition of " Poison" is based on pmetien) considerations nnly. tut an aid in determ ining, g-enernlly, when the word " Poison" sboutd Uc included on a w arning latir!. Sec (encrnl Principles 4. ' M is tu re -'--A physical commingling of two nr more substances which may or may not hear a fixed proportion lo one another and which have not reacted chemically with one another. 1 ICC definition. W hile the t e r m `nfinnuniMe" is use d hy the CO. th e prefcireH Torm " flam m able" is use d in this Manual. - MCA definition. 'As defined in C h a p te r I t " E n g in e erin g Control of th e Air CVmtnmmiittnn of the W o rking E n v iro n m e n t" (Allen n . itr a n d l . ri.S c.) p a g e 10B. " Manual o Industrial Hyjrirne." USPffS. Manual L-l Mjuu/icruriu; Chemifli' Awkhum ot <bc Vattai Ha Schedule 2 CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDS Typical Label L Flammable Liquids and Oxidizing Agents which Support Combustion. (Flash points *for liquids are determined by Tagliabue's Opep-Cup Method), . A. Flash point 20 F. or below. B. Flash point above 2U` to 80" F. in* elusive. DANGER! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE Keep away from heat and open flame. Keep container closed. WAUNI NG ! FL AMMAULE. Keep away from heat and open flame.Keep container closed. IL Flammable Solids and Oxidizing Agents as Classified by the ICC. CAUTION! EXPOSURE MAY CAUSE FIRE OR CREATE FIRE HAZARD Keep away from heat and open tlame. Keep container closed. In case of contact, immediately hush with plenty of water; remove and wash clothing before re-use, III. Vapors Immediately Toxic or Extrem ely Irritating Even on Exposure for a 'Short Time or to Low Concentrations. , DANGER! VAPOR EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS Do not breathe vapor. Do not get on skin. Do not get in eyes. Keep container closed and away from heat. Keep away from feed or food products. Have a ir line respirator or gas mask ap proved by U. S. Piureau of Mines specifi cally for (name of chemical) available for emergency. IV. Vapors Hazardous from Prolonged or WARNING! VAPOR HARMFUL Repeated Exposures, or Exposure to Use only with adequate ventilation. Higher Concentrations. Avoid prolonged or repeated breathing of vapor. Keep container closed am! away from heat. ' - .... 6 <\/jre, -.*> M an u /tm irin O ti-im o t' A<Mwi*twwt of the I "nticti Soie Manual !,-i V. Cases and Vapors Physiologically Inert. CAUTION! VAPOR REDUCES OXYGEN AVAILABLE FOR BREATHI NO Use with adequate ventilation. Keep container closed. Vf. Harm ful Rusts. CAUTION! HARMFUL DUST Avoid repeated breathing or skin contact. Wash thoroughly before eating: or smoking. Keep away from feed or food products. VII. Skin irritants--Corrosive. DANGER!CAUSES SEVERE BURNS Do not get in eye. Do not get on skin. Do not get on clothing. In case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with plenty of wafer; for eyes, get medical attention. Remove and wash cloth ing before re-usc. VIII. M aterials Causing Skin irritations after Repeated or Continued Contact. CAUTION! MAY CAUSE SKIN IRIUTA- TION 1 Avoid prolonged or repeated contact. IX. M aterials Toxic through Vapor inhala tions or Skin Absorption. WARNING! ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN VAPOR HAZARDOUS Avoid contact with skin or clothing. Avoid breathing vapor. In case of exposure, remove to fresh air. Immediately wash with soap.and plenty of water. Remove and wash clothing before re-use. X. Toxic if Taken Internally. Applies to ma terials covered by statutory definition of poison "liable to be destructive of human adults in doses of (50 grains or less (1 gm s.)" or to any materia! toxic in am ounts likei.v to tic taken internally through easily anticipated errors. POISON If not rrvvorvd by ri'jrilfal'on nr trlinilinn (=rp fun- toil i'riiiotilv t) a tyjiirai tnimt rmcht rrrvi: DANGER! MAY RE FATAI, IF SWAM,OWED Do not take internally. 7 Manual U Mimif-jctuimp Oicmutj" Ainxmion U <hc United Scun Scheduli; If Kh't'OM.WUNDIill LAIHifi CAUTIONS A. Signal Words is. Hazards c. i'rccauiiuuary Measures D. -- -.tiesirOiUmiv in Cake of Accident F lam m ability a. E u rc m e ly FlauiiitaldrfAasb a. Keep a w u y f r o m heat * point 20" P. or below.! (parks) and open ilame, b. Flam m able (lla.-di p t it t b. Keep container closed (anti above 20 to h0` P, elu away irom heat;. sive). e. E xposure <M:iv Cause Fire ir Cicute i`*ire ll-azurd. V olatility .i. Highly Vni,it le. li. Villanie (Solvent or i-iitOllJl. a. Keep out uf sun and away from heat. b. Keep container closed (anti away from hem). ! InhaiaUiHt a. HA M iliti ! b. WAKNdNiU , C A L 'T IO S : a. Vapor tixirem efy Ifatta idai/s. b.. May he F a ta l if litbatet. t. Vapor Hai inful. 0. \ upor Ueuuces O x y g e n Available for lfreiKhmg. *. Ifci ittfol Hum.. f. Cause frrtisgtim to Eyes. N'uso timi T hroat. , a. Do not hrenthc vapor (o r) Avoid brcalhiiig Vitpor, 1). Avnitl prolonged or re r e n t ed brtinUtmp. <?f vapor, tb (J>te t n i s o . wiUt adettuade venfitstwod. _ d. Avoid prolonged b r e a t h i n g uf dtt. Contact a. lit case of exposure lemovc in fle sh ilir. b. Have iiit'-fitir' l'cpira tor oc tra titaftfc approved by 1C B. (iiirgiCti of Mino #.fset'b- Cittty fo r (uptne o f ebifti- e a lf available fo r omcir- geney. ;t. Cori ive Litpjiil. it. Causes (Severe) (turns, i. D angerous Uectiu.'.e (R ap idly > AbsQrbed Through Shill. <1. Cause Shin It n tatii.n. e. May Cause SUm itritatiu ii. a. Do mu g e t (1) in eyes. (2) on shin, (.1) on clothing. I>. Avoid contact W ith (1) eye, (2) shin, id) clothing, c. W ash thoroughly before eating or smoking. t. P otori (kuil k cross- . LoiiC* 1. b. May 1 F atal if SwuMovvcii irttfealion a. Da m>t take ratei imlly. G.m irai a. In cast* nf contact: O ) liamoihaU-ly llu-tli (^km Of eyes! witn plenty of w ater (tW at ita s i 15 nun- u te s k (F o r evt^ tftt m oifeul inten tio n ). (2 ) liumethalelv wash with MKip ami ptcnly of w ater. ('!> Uumovc ami wu*h rlotJiin^ be! uiv rc-nsi*. a. Strung Oxidant. It. ('intact w ith Combustible M aleital May Cause Cue, u. Ke'cp aw ay from feed or food products, h. Keep diy. c. S to re in cool .place. <1. Keep away from com bus 1 tible material. a Get medical auendon h. In ca.se ol smlUijtf, llu&h w ith plenty ol' water. * c. In tuati of ipillatie, .in.-<>{{i w iih iam l, uahe* 01 earth. T il e u s e o f im e ......... II u lln -r UtU-meni l i s t e d a b o v e i not n c r r u n l y l i m i t ! to t h e h a z a r d umti-r t e h n h it is g ro u p e d . T h e g ro u p in g m r i e l y indicates the type of b a ia r ti tu which giv en lalement. m o st I((i.L-iiUy apply. T ilt .-.mali i c i m s tire nut inu-t,ded t<> imiicate u coiTclution betw een .similarly lettercii xU te m e iu m a d j j c o i t column hut a ie for laeilUhcatiOO only. Tlie p a i e i i l h c t K j i vvuiu iiuiicute optio nal otulem eiiU, 8 Mnntfai-turiwt f beimi' ,,( ,|,c I <tws 3 .Schedule 4 Manual I.-1 CARETS FOR EXPERIMENTAL SAMPLES The labeling of experimental samples of new products presents unusual problems All of the recommended !,0Sil ' 0 * * of ilre * * 0 known. The following 1. Samples of a product already on the m arket should carry the same warning label ns * commercial shipment. ^ A . . 3` The folio inp label is suggested for samples of any material that has never been in commcr- eial production unless ( t) the m aterial is known to be wholly innocuous, or (2) the dancers 'ire limited to known hazards and appropriate cautions are submitted. * i I SAMPLE I Name or Description of Product FOR EXPERIMENTAL USE ONLY CAUTION! The chemical, physical and toxicological properties of this product have not been fully investigated and its handling or use mny he hi^nrdmis. Kxercise due erne. II I .*. The identity of the sample, indicated in parentheses above, should he as clear as possible. i Wherever feasible, it should be the name of the compound or mixture, and in any case it should be ! the best possible identification to aid the user in knowing with what he is concerned. I 4. Where there are significant known hazards they should be so indicated. 5. The above label may be used in the case of old products being considered for new uses. Schedule 5 SPECIMEN PRODUCT LATUiLS The following specimen labels illustrate the application to specific products of. the principles set forth in this M anual: . . Product Combining (fa/anls of Class M i and IV (Schedule 2) Chemicals. TOLUENE \Y An NIN G! F LAMMAB I,K. Keep away from heat and open flame. Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor. Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin. j I J I I I 1t i l Manual 1,-1 Mjautiati/ihg Chcm' A*\Oi.t4itan aJ tint U&Hcd $Wrt r HYDROFLUORIC ACID, AQUEOUS Product Requiring, Modified Cautious and First Aid; L DANGER! CORROSIVE LIQUID VAPOR HAZARDOUS CAUSES SEVERE BURNS WHICH MAY IMMEDIATELY PAINFUL OR VISIBLE NOT BE Do not breathe vapor. Do not get in eyes, on skin, on clothing. In case of contact or suspicion of contact: Immediately Hush skin with plenty of water until whiteness dis appears, paying particular attention to skin under nails. Soak Reeled areas with crushed ice in 70',. ethyl alcohol until phvsidan arrives. Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. In all cases get medical attention. Remove and wash clothing before re-use. Avoid use of greasy ointments. (PROPRIETARY NAME) Proprietary Product Contains Fluorine Compounds. f (e.g., containing iluorhte salts) WARNING! POISONOUS IF TAKEN INTERNALLY i Avoid breathing dust, Flush spillage, to sewer with water. ! j 1 i 1