Document 4a67YOGxrRKLYx6K8OvQkw5DR

FILE NAME: CERAMICS (CER) DATE: 1946 Jan DOC#: CER037 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Journal Excerpt - Abstract of the Literature of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology ABSTRACT OF THE LITERATURE . ' OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND TOXICOLOGY Volu m e 28 JANUARY, 1946 N umber 1 CONTENTS General........................................................................ Physiology and nutritio n ....................................... Systemic and infectious occupational diseases; and hazards............................................................ Industrial toxicology............................................... Occupational diseases of the sk in ......................... 1 Industrial environmental conditions.................... 19 ^ Ventilation, air conditioning and engineering control.................................................................. 19 s Determination and analysis of dust, smoke, gases and vapors........................................................... 20 Medicine, surgery and therapy............................... 15 Atmospheric pollution........................................... 21 Medical services and equipment........................... 18 Accidents and their prevention............................. 22 GENERAL Lvdcstrlvl health activities o r government. J . C. Ttrsnscnd. J . Indiana State Mtd. Asm., tol. 38, }?. 373-376 {Oct., 1945). Government shares with industrial management, labor, and the medical profession the responsibility for industrial health protection. The task of government is to stimulate an d initiate work in industrial health, to cany on the basic research and surveys out of which standards are formulated, and to investigate dangerous plant conditions and recommend remedial measures. There are m any agencies of the federal government concerned with industrial health; this paper concerns itself with two departments of the U u ted States Public Health Service, the Industrial Hygiene Division of the Bureau of State Services and the Industrial Hygiene RcKarch Laboratories o f'th e National Institute of Health. T he policy and approach of the Public Health Service has been to aid industry in the solution of its problems. N o t until the passage of the Social Security A ct and the various state occupational disease compensation laws was the backlog of information given practical application in industry. Increasing `f'c ero for industrial hygiene and the wartime condi tions have m ade the role of these agencies and their pertinent sections and units more important and valuable. And one of the most im portant of these services has been to State Agencies in th e form of funds, personnel, and information. F or the postwar period * of the m any objectives need emphasis, the training aore industrial hygiene personnel and the increase in "*c research on new and proposed ind'istrial proc*" ** and materials.--Weldon W . West. tinue its work in the rapidly expanding industries. Its ranks were bolstered by the addition of a few practi tioners, many nurses and some lay technical aides. This period has served to swell the importance of main tenance of health over repair of injury and to advance the specialty in many other realms. The art of admin istration of a variety of personnel and the science of job placements have grown. Preplacement chest X-rays and serology and mass health surveys have become important parts of industrial medicine. Phases of new importance have been met and developed, such as; Women in industry, long working hours, ailments from repetitive movements, management of health, and re turning war veterans. The need for standing orders for nurses has been solved. Dermatitis, still the number ' one industrial problem was fairly well controlled with existing techniques, but demands more study. A code of ethics for industrial practice has been formulated which concerns among other things the problems of non-industrial cases and referral to private practice. Periodic examinations and health education have suffered relatively because of reduced time and person nel. However, the advantage of individual health instruction has been made evident. Inspection of cafeterias in industry n s not new but has become of greater stature m industrial health Like wise the consideration of the mental health of the work ers promises to grow in the future. Finally, the war has given industrial physicians the opportunity to better their professional, industrial, and economic positions, b u t a t the same time has emphasized the need for special preparation and training.--JFetdon IF. West. War's impact and in m .uence on industrial C. D. Selby and Earl F. Lutz. J . Indiana A trn ->* 38, tP 378-381 {Oct., 1945). orld T \a rH found industrial medicine ready to con I ndustrial hygiene. Ireini R. Taberehaw. New Enfland J. Med., rot. 833, no. 15, f f . 437-443 {Oct. 11,1945). This article is a review of recent developments and 1 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL EYGIEND AND TOXICOLOGY i/> /L> * ; `-v ph_ -"turn of nutritional deficiency .senses and t-'-c.r r.Tzp'zrui, m suggested to rr.eet the prcblea dtror.tesd Lw D: Biggin --Weldon H' Weel Tin- ivc'xovxvnvvr r\' ketputiov as r p o n c n o s A OA IO .STrOsm iALTO XICITY . i f libonk Mem Fund Quarter',}.ml. 23, pp. 97-108 {Jan , 1945). The isopo-ezsKt of adequate and well balanced nutri- t or, on maizruir vrort production, mental and physical a.ertness, memxis equibbrium, and general well being, is now well bncom, but its bearing on resistance to ton'c env.ronmcz: has not yet been sufficiently investigated and certain deductions must be made largely by anal og)'. These deductions have a certain amount of sdentiuc bacLgrocnd m animal experimentation and certain empirical rriJoce has been found in human beings Various posses are listed, with the physiological areas a-tested and the dtetary factors needed for prevention and treatment: benrol, tnnllrotoluol, carbon tetracLJor.ce, in-croincnc add, lead, nuclei, carbon b.sulfide, tetraebioroemnne and selenium -- Ind ffig Found. ' --i ? ? m N BE EA7EV Dl~FJSC 1C A nenx r *-' uirOicnd Ob:crcc!cryi zol 0 , p p . 7 - [Jcn , ;p-fi Thelong-hcLcvrd statement that the specific dsmamic m of pieceair is greater than that of carbohydrates fats, arc bbzt, therefore, we should eat less protein ir, hot v eather, has been ebsproc ed by Forbe-t z z i c (j Nutr-tion, 2 /, 45s --1ICS (1944;). By erp e-~ ' made upon rats it was found that the specific d'A f effect of individual foods . -e w.thout s ig n if ic a -^ constants and therefore there is no scientific t u a ^ A apportioning energy effects or values among ^ constituents.-- In d Hyp. Found. Salt tablets is- hot wtatbes overatxi> q q Ktn. Food Field Reporter, vol 13, pp 28 31 fra 5, 1945). ' ^ In a broadcast to China and the South Pacffic u n ithe auspices of the Office of War Information d e a lwith the recent progress in cutnUonal science in , United States, Dr. Ring said that increased co- tron of salt in hot weather is of much less signifi- than was formerly beheved The earlier reports d supposed benefits from extra salt a r e largeiv rmsm'or preted, because the gams that were observed were cause-* ch.eny by the increased water in ta le winch the sa'i had caused The practice of giving Sait UbJets mac ecte cause nausea and co n ting About 10 g a m 0f sai peer day, as suppled in c r ia a - J ; seasoned foods, B adequate to meet one s needs for a long period Seven! ether fields of recent food research were also dscussrd, in d u in g the is c o c cry that the protein in ta le m .sl I iep t relatively low for people in high altitudes, is in avoaton or cn m euntan he g its --/ra E yp Fc'u-d YhETEATIC AND INFECTIOUS OCCITATION'AL DISEASES, AND HAZARDS D :sc rss io \ a s xodzrs co.scEm ovs or dsdpsteial l r \ c E ^ D J I S . Proc Roy See Med , i:l 3S,nc R it 5 N -;N (D v jf^ / ? ' E>r SuAminnd dumsses the development cf tie ra A cg n p A c clipnosls of industrial pneumocomos-s, and gives e seniman- of current knowledge of Aem ctioloo* and peDogenesis The two most important a-e asbestoA md sAcxNs, of these, the second is the more mpomznt since the cumber of occupations in- \c !c n g expasmr to dusts containing free sAca (SiOjl is \ cr v large In addition, exposure to dusts containing s.ucates or o d e substances, with some free silica, pro duces effects cH em g from those cf erposure to free es.jca Lina_r smiadon or increased arborizatic.. by D -r a y seems to be the precursor of the classic nodular mAcosis, the i.nnr period of development of the latter V>ears out the pant that the major factor in the prog nosis of sihccss is still the presence or development of tuberculosis. Coal miners pneumoconiosis has increased in fre quency recently because of the increased intensity of erposure, and is now a compensable iEness under the cehmtion of poeumccomosis as "fibrosis due to silica dust 0: other cust and includes the ccn d to n cf the lungs known as dust reticulation." The chnical sig- cz! s, rn.ied sAcos''ss, c: of extern on of Ae cnuzrg r?:.cNation Th; ev c fibres.s v . A empby sematcus b J ' a e , ha: u:<nbe! tc s beet.: b 'oeha ge cf lymphatics v-.A \ e depeu on 12 0 "c area to coalescence of n: ar.d to associated tuberculos.s The prognos s of thn stage is poor. Kadio-opaque m etaNc dusts cause a fibrons 'nch apparently nc clmjcal ngm hcance unless there is assoc c.ted siheosis, asbestosis seems to be due to the sue and sEape^of the asbestos fibers rath er than to any other *a-.kor,-since finely ground asbestos does not produce the condition. E)r. Fawcett cLsousses the radiologic classification d t-e various lung pictures seen m pneumoconions, imd the dderentlal diagnosis of the var.ous stages F ado opaq_e dusts, such as hematite, cause a retiruli'uac persisting long after exposure Kai ceased; a more ad vanced stage of apparent modulation is the chief cau^c cf ddhadty in diagnosis of the condition, and Is dosc-V simulated by mihary tuberculosis, secondary carcLnomitosis, and penicilh'um infection, for example: M ot advanced nodulation and the massive fibrosis of sAcosh may be simulated by tuberculosis, cardnoma, bror.Dectasis, and various mycoses, calcified lesions may stig* \ of hemabte mine's is d .r c i ; t not to filrons, that la*ge * scnly it the presence cf L y m s occurring m the lungs d her an i to the total amount cf n_ca c-B- B. Lcu?in. lists 7 c o m su x s cr >.a\ auccn i ft & Vt'. B mUct end S Gc+er i 11,1, U>1 pp- C53-659 ( E N D , , - . May, 1944, at the EmtcC States 1 'of the Washington N'avp Yard a r. of the steel and nonferrc-_s Y -- deteebon cf sAcosis and t.berc- of sAcosis were found, 15 of stugr (ne of stage 3, an incidence c 1 of tubercAos.s were d s:c.e-rd b Withm the past three >ear \ i es have been insttuted 'ID . by A c fact that p-csent C-s' reximately 657c then p t n- . ight that although the s u r n nnn Foundr, has net been Amma dably cec'tased, a'-d Ac Lic_r> - of new cases c: f>rAc' app^cvi m A esc founAres :s mm_mil - im&ry. cse or ^ simcu'tix < T z ic s kc'j. c r~d Bcrr^zrd D i Aim : 14, nc A pp 709-711 [Sc;u~.- n to grve re,,ef to s breum used. They locaAe in Ac b_r.r, : therefore prevent ArAe* -t_ ' -LAaladon of alumnum b c \ has no to re reactions e i : e ; : teat . s defense to t.berculons exposed to sAca dust, .agnosec a` agnosed as p:e-sd.cct;:s, and r\er rubercAcs.s may be treated d . 1} in Aose werbers exp:sen to s_m Acruld be examined and w a tA e c ness of su A a program has not ed. In A vnduals w: A a m . cnary adments, cr advanrel ca 'd i- Lreated wnA alumln'-m Fc' a A e use cf aluminum A c Yd be m n ysican; im 'JA and p-er.odc X-u tion A oA d be made to determ . ^e to Ureatment, and A e p-c chsease; and engineer. ^nvAonment Aould b d, Jr. 1X1C0L0GY jt*..1946] ABSTRACTS been disproved by Forbes and S 453-468 (1944)). By e x p e r t ros found th at the specific dy foods are without significance* ^rays demonstrating th a t the reticulation seen in the lungs of hem atite miners is due only to the hematite ust, and not to fibrosis, th a t large-sized nodulation nntuis only in the presence of tuberculosis, and th a t any M edical aspects o r partial disability in silicosis. George W. Wright. Transactions, legal Section, Ninth Annual Meeting, Indust. Eyg. Found., Bull. no. 2 (Nov. 16,1944). .'fore there is no scientific mean? y effects or values among d jef Byg. Found. . _ brosis occurring in the lungs of hematite-miners is not jtlated to the total amount of silica or hematite in the jnngs.--B. E . Landing - Discussion of this subject is pertinent because of a widespread interest in the problem on the part of the legislators of several states. Administration of the now existent total disability JOT WEATHER OVERRATED. ' d Reporter, vol. 13, pp. 23, Silicosis in foundries of naval cun factory. E .M . Riley, R. W . Butler and S. Goren. U. S. Naval lied. law reveals certain difficulties which would likely be magnified in an attempt to assess partial disability and China and the South Pacific t Bull., tol. 44, pp. 653-459 {March, 1945). In May, 1944, a t the United States Naval Gun Fac prove its causal relationship to silicosis. Silicosis produces disability chiefly by reducing one's Office of War Information do tory of the W ashington Navy Yard a survey on 842 em capacity to breathe, hence limiting one's range of physi jgress in nutritional science iirE King said th a t increased cons ployees of the steel and nonfenous foundries was made for the detection of silicosis and tuberculosis. Eighteen cal exertion. Partial disability may be said to exist when this reduction is not totally disabling but is more ill . eather is of much less signifio cases of silicosis were found, 15 of stage 1, two of stage 2 pronounced than is to be expected in view of the claim believed. The earlier reports?! xod one of stage 3, an incidence of 2.12%. Thirteen ant's age. The assessment of slight to moderate dis om extra salt were largely misinli cases of tuberculosis were discovered, an incidence of- ability would be difficult because the range of variation ;ains th at were observed were c 1.54%. W ithin the past three years various protective in the capacities of normal men is large and no methods sed water intake which the salt! treasures have been instituted. Their efficacy is a t exist for accurately predicting what should be normal ce of giving salt tablets may evi tested by the fact th at present dust counts average for a given man. omiting. About 10 grams of M approximately 65% lower than previous figures. I t is To determine partial disability in the zone approach d in ordinarily seasoned foods^i thought th at although the silicosis hazard in the Navy ing total disability would also be difficult because the e's needs for a loDg period. Seva Yard Foundry has not been eliminated, it has been values for respiratory capacity that are characteristic of : food research were also ( appreciably decreased, and the likelihood of the develop total disability are not adequately defined. There is a ery that the protein intake musti ment of new cases or further aggravation of existing zone of partial disability between these extremes which for people in high altitudes, i s j cases in these foundries is minimal.--From authors' is definable but to divide it into degrees would be to :tain heights.--Ind. Bye. Foun ft summary. assume a Don-existent discriminatory capacity. To show a causal relationship between silicosis and : s ; AND HAZARDS licosis, or of extension of the pro . The most advanced form, n emphysematous bullae, has1 blockage of lymphatics with c ne area, to coalescence of nodu jberculosis. The prognosis o ftl tallic dusts cause a fibrosis': d significance unless there is i asis seems to be due to the size's] as fibers rather than to any otl ound asbestos does not produce! The use o r aluminum in silicosis control, /ra n g R.Tabersharo and Bernard D. Tebbens. Indust. Med., rot. 14, no. 9, pp. 709-711 (September, 1945). At present, inhaled aluminum is the only medication known to give relief to silicosis. Both finely divided metallic aluminum and amorphous hydrated alumina are used. T hey localize in the lung, neutralize silica, and therefore prevent further pathological processes. The inhalation of aluminum has a very prolonged effect and has no toxic reactions except that it may lower the body's defense to tuberculosis. Aluminum should be used therapeutically in all those men exposed to silica dust, diagnosed as having silicosis, or diagnosed as pre-silicotics, and even those with in disability is often difficult even when the disability is complete because the failure of other organs, such as the heart and kidney, will simulate the symptoms of dis ability due to silicosis. As lesser grades of disability are considered, this problem becomes much more com plex because of the lack of methods to estimate ade quately the reserves of the kidney and cardiovascular systems. The symptoms of respiratory failure due to silicosis, of heart failure and in some respecLs of kidney failure, are all very similar and a t times indistinguishable. The fact that undoubted objective evidence (X-ray) of silicosis precedes the earliest symptoms of pulmonary sses the radiologic classifiestio tures seen in pneumoconiosis, l osis of the various stages, as hematite, cause a reticulata exposure has ceased; a morel rent nodulation is the chief caused s of the condition, and is d a tuberculosis, secondary cardnoa m infection, for example: a nd the massive fibrosis of silia tuberculosis, carcinoma, brood nycoses; calcified lesions mays droma. s chemical analyses and coot active tuberculosis may be treated if kept under rigid observation. Aluminum may also be used prophylac- tically in those workers exposed to silicahazards. These men should be examined and watched carefully as the usefulness of such a program has not yet been fully determined. Individuals with active tuberculosa, Pulmonary ailments, or advanced cardiac disease should out be treated w ith aluminum. For a successful pro ram the use of aluminum should be in charge of a quali- bed physician; initial and periodic X-ray and physical oaamination should be made to determine the need and ltsponse to treatm ent, and the progression or recession the disease; and engineering methods for controlling environment should be continued.--Elvood F. `"land, Jr. ' failure due to th at cause, while the earliest symptoms of heart and renal failure nearly always precede unques tioned objective evidence of disease in these structures, makes for a tendency to ascribe all symptoms in a sili cotic to the co-existent pathological process in the lung. To do so is often erroneous and in mild degrees of disa bility this source of confusion would be very difficult to overcome. The author believes th at insufficient data exists at time to permit completely adequate administration of partial disability law in silicosis. Avenues of inves tigation are indicated from which data might be ob tained which would allow such a law to be equitably conducted.-- Trudeau Found.