Document 4MLRLK17N17nZ4337wDoVjgp

1 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ International Association of Fire and Rescue Services Asociacin Internacional de Servicios de Fuego y Rescate Internationale Vereinigung des Feuerwehr- und Rettungswesens CTIF WWW.CTIF.ORG Center for Fire Statistics World Fire Statistics Estadsticas Mundiales de Bomberos Die Feuerwehrstatistik der Welt Report / Informe/ Bericht 28 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 2 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ All statistical data presented in this report were obtained from responses to the requests of the Fire Statistics Center of CTIF (CFS CTIF) and published previously in official statistical information of various countries. The data of past years has, in some cases, been updated with revised information. When comparing statistics of countries and cities, it is necessary to keep in mind that every country has its own rules for reporting fires, fire deaths, and fire injuries. These rules change from time to time. The authors are always grateful for suggestions to improve the Center for Fire Statistics' work. Todos los datos estadsticos presentados en el informe se han obtenido a partir de las respuestas a las solicitudes del Centro de Estadsticas de Incendios del CTIF (CFS CTIF) y se han publicado anteriormente en la informacin estadstica oficial de varios pases. Los datos de aos anteriores se han actualizado, en algunos casos, con informacin revisada. Al comparar las estadsticas de pases y ciudades, es necesario tener en cuenta que cada pas tiene sus propias normas para informar sobre los incendios, las muertes por incendio y los heridos por incendio. Estas normas cambian de vez en cuando. Los autores siempre agradecen las sugerencias para mejorar el trabajo del Centro de Estadsticas de Incendios. Alle im Bericht vorgestellten statistischen Daten wurden den Fragebgen des Centre for Fire Statistics des CTIF (CFS CTIF) sowie den offiziell verffentlichten statistischen Berichten verschiedener Staaten entnommen. Die Daten vergangener Jahre wurden im Zuge neuerer Informationen aktualisiert. Beim Vergleich der statistischen Daten einzelner Staaten und verschiedener Jahre muss beachtet werden, dass in einzelnen Lndern spezifische Regeln fr die Erfassung von Brnden, der Brandtoten- und Verletztenzahlen gelten, die sich ggf. auch ber die Jahre hinweg verndert haben. Die Autoren sind wie immer fr Hinweise, Kritiken und Vorschlge zur Verbesserung der internationalen Feuerwehrstatistik dankbar. We would like to express our special thanks to Luca Vilario Fiore (Directora Ejecutiva Organizacin de Bomberos Americanos, OBA) and Toms Erber Rudolph (Chilean-German Fire Brigade Association) for their friendly support in the preparation of Report No. 28. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 3 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Content / Contenido / Inhalt Introduction / Introduccin / Einfhrung......................................... 4 Brief comments 1. Countries of the World...................................................... 7 2. Cities of the World........................................................... 9 Breves comentarios 1. Pases del mundo ............................................................. 11 2. Ciudades del mundo ......................................................... 13 Kurze Kommentare 1. Lnder der Welt.............................................................. 15 2. Stdte der Welt ............................................................... 17 Special report: Fire Causes 19 Acknowledgement / Conclusin / Zusammenfassung................................. 101 Sources / Sources / Quellen................................................................... 102 Table for filling / Cuadro para completar / Tabelle zum Ausfllen .......... 103 Tables and Figures / Cuadros y Grficos / Tabellen und Bilder............. 104 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 4 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction The CFS CTIF hereby publishes Report No. 28 containing information from countries and cities around the world on fire statistics for 2021 as well as type of fire service calls, number of fires, fire victims and firefighter fatalities for 2017 - 2021. Statistics for 2021 contain data from 38 countries, representing 1/6 of the total world population, and 26 cities. The study includes the type of fire service calls, the number of fires, fire victims, and firefighters' fatalities for 2017-2021, respectively, in 53, 70, 65, and 20 countries. The type of fire injuries for 20172021 were researched in 49 countries of the World. In addition, data was collected on fire services in 62 countries around the World. That is how the formation of world fire statistics continues. In this report, Table 1.1 contains generalized data on the situation with fires in the World from 1993 to 2021. The data for all years are constantly updated and supplemented as new sources of information become available. This indicates that more and more countries of the World are involved in the regular analysis of national fire statistics and their publication. It is therefore expected that the data for 2021 will also be replenished in the future. Tables 1.2-1.6 show fire statistics for the year 2021. Tables 1.7-1.12 show the type of fire service calls, the number of fires, fire victims, and firefighters' deaths for 2017-2021. Table 1.13 contains information on fire services in 62 countries from 2010 to 2021. Table 1.14 presents the ratio of women to men in the fire service. Table 1.15 provides information on the number of junior firefighters. Tables 2.1-2.5 present fire statistics in 26 cities around the World for the year 2021. Tables 2.6-2.8 show the types of fires and fire victims in 60 cities of the World from 2017 to 2021. Finally, Table 2.9 contains information on fire services in 73 cities around the World. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 5 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Introduccin El Centro de Estadsticas de Incendios de la Asociacin Internacional de Servicios de Fuego y Rescate (CFS CTIF) pone a disposicin de los especialistas el siguiente informe, el N 28, que contiene las estadsticas de incendios de algunos pases y ciudades del mundo durante el ao 2021, as como el tipo de llamadas al servicio de bomberos, el nmero de incendios, sus vctimas y los fallecimientos de bomberos en estos pases y ciudades del mundo para 2017-2021. Las estadsticas del 2021 contienen datos sobre 38 pases, que representan 1/6 de todos los pases del mundo y 1/3 del total de la poblacin mundial, y 26 ciudades del mundo. El tipo de llamadas, los incendios, sus vctimas y de los fallecimientos de los bomberos para 2017-2021 se han estudiado respectivamente en 53, 70, 65 y 20 pases. El tipo de lesiones por incendio para 2017-2021, por su parte, fue investigada en 49 pases del mundo. Adems, se recogieron datos sobre los servicios de bomberos en 62 pases. De este modo, contina la formacin de las estadsticas mundiales sobre incendios. En este informe, el Cuadro 1.1 contiene datos generales sobre la situacin de los incendios en el mundo para el periodo 1993-2021, y los datos de todos los aos se actualizan y complementan constantemente (a medida que se dispone de nuevas fuentes de informacin). Esto significa que cada vez ms pases del mundo participan en el anlisis regular de las estadsticas nacionales sobre incendios y su publicacin en los medios de comunicacin. Confiamos en que los datos correspondientes a 2021 se repongan en el futuro. Los Cuadros 1.2-1.6 muestran las estadsticas de incendios para 2021 en varios pases del mundo. Los Cuadros 1.7-1.12 muestran el tipo de llamadas al servicio de bomberos, el nmero de incendios, sus vctimas y el fallecimiento de bomberos en los pases del mundo para 2017-2021. El Cuadro 1.13 contiene informacin sobre los servicios de bomberos en 62 pases en 2010-2021. El Cuadro 1.14 presenta la proporcin de mujeres y hombres en el servicio de bomberos en algunos pases del Mundo. El Cuadro 1.15 ofrece informacin sobre el nmero de bomberos jvenes en algunos pases. Los Cuadros 2.1-2.5 muestran las estadsticas de incendios para el ao 2021 en 26 ciudades de todo el mundo. Los Cuadros 2.06-2.8 muestran el tipo de incendios y sus vctimas en las ciudades del mundo para 2017-2021. El Cuadro 2.9 contiene informacin sobre los servicios de bomberos en 73 ciudades del mundo. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 6 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Einfhrung Das CFS CTIF stellt der Fachwelt den aktuellen Bericht 28 vor, der die Feuerwehrstatistik vieler Staaten und Stdte fr das Jahr 2021 enthlt. Weiter werden Informationen ber die Entwicklung der Einstze, der Brandzahlen und der Brandopferzahlen in der Welt fr 2017-2021 vorgestellt. Die Statistik fr das Jahr 2021 enthlt Daten aus 38 Staaten, d.h. 1/6 aller Staaten der Erde sowie 26 Stdte der Erde. Die Zahlen zur Entwicklung der Feuerwehreinstze, der Brnde, deren Opfer und die Anzahl verunglckter Feuerwehrleute fr den Zeitraum 2017-2021 liegen entsprechend aus 53, 70, 65 bzw. 20 Staaten vor. Informationen zu Verletzten bei Brnden stehen aus 49 Staaten zur Verfgung. Weiter wurden die statistischen Angaben zu den Feuerwehren aus 62 Staaten in die Statistik aufgenommen. So setzt sich der Prozess der Formierung der Weltfeuerwehrstatistik fort. Im vorliegenden Bericht stellt die Tabelle 1.1 die zusammengefassten Daten zur Brandsituation in der Welt fr den Zeitraum 1993-2021 vor. Die Daten wurden, je nach Vorliegen neuer Statistiken, stndig ergnzt und aktualisiert. Das bedeutet, dass sich immer mehr Staaten mit der regulren nationalen Brandstatistik und ihrer Verffentlichung in den Medien beschftigen. Wir sind sicher, die Daten des Jahres 2021 zuknftig weiter vervollstndigen zu knnen. In den Tabellen 1.2 bis 1.6 wird die Brandstatistik einiger Staaten fr 2021 analysiert. In den Tabellen 1.7 bis 1.12 wird die Dynamik der Feuerwehreinstze, der Brandzahlen und der Opferzahlen in den Staaten fr den Zeitraum 2017-2021 vorgestellt. Tabelle 1.13 illustriert die Situation der Feuerwehren in 62 Staaten der Erde im Zeitraum 2010-2021. Tabelle 1.14 zeigt eine bersicht zum Mengenverhltnis zwischen weiblichen und mnnlichen Feuerwehrangehrigen in ausgewhlten Staaten. Tabelle 1.15 zeigt eine bersicht zur Anzahl der Jugendfeuerwehren in ausgewhlten Staaten. In den Tabellen 2.1 bis 2.5 wird die Feuerwehrstatistik fr 2021 aus 26 Grostdten vorgestellt. Die Tabellen 2.6-2.8 beinhalten die Entwicklung der Brandzahlen und deren Opfer in Grostdten fr 2017-2021. Die Tabelle 2.9 zeigt Informationen ber die Feuerwehren in 73 Grostdten der Welt. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 7 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Brief comments 1. Countries of the World Table 1.1 shows that the CFS CTIF, established in 1995, annually summarized statistical data from 27-57 countries of the World, in which 0.9-3.8 billion people lived. In 1993, 40% of the World's population lived in the 39 countries surveyed. In 2008, more than 50% of the World's population lived in the 31 countries surveyed. In the surveyed countries, 2.5-4.5 million fires were recorded annually, in which 17-62 thousand people died. In just 28 years, more than 1.1 million people have become victims of 104 million fires in these countries. Table 1.2 summarizes the volume of work and fire situation in 38 countries in 2021. Table 1.2 shows that in 2021, in 38 countries surveyed, in which 1.2 billion people lived (1/6 of the World's population), 60 million calls of fire and rescue services were registered, of which 3.1 million (5.2% of all calls) were related to fires. 16.9 thousand people died during these fires, and 62.1 thousand people were injured. That means that for every 1,000 people in these countries, there was an average of 47 calls per year, of which 2.5 were fires. At the same time, for every 100 thousand people, on average, 1.3 people died, and 4.9 people were injured in fires during the year, and for every 100 fires, an average of 0.5 people died, and 2.0 people were injured. Figure 1.1 shows that the largest number of calls per 1,000 people (average figures for the period 2017-2021 (Table 1.7) occur in the Finland, Luxemburg, Czech Republic. Conversely, most fires per 1,000 people (averages for the period 2017-2021, Table 1.8) - are in Cyprus, Barbados, and Uruguay (Figure 1.2). Figure 1.3 shows that most fire victims per 100 thousand people (average values for 2017-2021, Table 1.9) occur in Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine. Figure 1.4 shows the distribution of fire victims per 100 fires (average values for 20172021, Table 1.9). Table 1.3 and Figure 1.5 show the nature of operational work of fire services in 23 countries. More than 60 million fire service calls were analyzed in 2021. The share of fires in the total number of fire service calls is 3.8%, calls to accidents (for technical assistance and rescue) 1.9, and calls for medical aid are 63.4% (mainly in Japan, Singapore, France, Ireland, and the USA), false alarms account for 7.2% and others 23.7%. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 8 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 1.4 and Figure 1.6 show the distribution of fires by place of origin in 24 countries. Approximately 31.3% of all fires occur in buildings (23.2% in residential buildings and 8.1% in all other facilities), about 12.7% in transport means, 1.2% in forests, 20% fires of grass and bushes, 15.7% in trash and landfills and 19.1% other fires. When analyzing the data in this table, it should be borne in mind that different countries have their own rules for recording fires for the categories presented. From the final line of Table 1.4, it follows that 44% of all reported fires occurred in buildings (including chimney fires) and transport. In Tables 1.5-1.6 and Figures 1.7-1.8, the distributions of those killed and injured in fires by place of origin are presented. These data show that 84.6% of all deaths (from 0% in Croatia to 100% in Liechtenstein) and 73.7% of all injuries (from 2.5% in Croatia to 82.5% in Estonia) occur in residential buildings. Tables 1.7-1.10 contain information on the type and number of fire service calls, fires, and fire victims for 2017-2021 in 53-70 countries. In these countries, there are an average of 58 million fire service calls and 4 million fires, in which about 35 thousand people die and approximately 63 thousand people are injured. Tables 1.11-1.12 present data on the deaths and injuries of firefighters in 20 countries. In 2021, 150 firefighters died, and 64.673 were injured in these countries. Table 1.13 and Figures 1.9-1.11 show the staff numbers of fire services in 62 countries at the beginning of the 21st century. From Table 1.13, it follows that 3.2 billion inhabitants of these countries are protected from fires by 15.3 million firefighters, of which 13.8 million are volunteers. Table 1.14 presents data on the distribution of firefighters by gender in 42 countries. Table 1.15 presents data on the number of young firefighters in 19 countries. Figures 1.12-1.13 show the distribution of people who died from "fire, heat and hot substances" in 2019, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 9 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Cities of the World It follows from Table 2.1 that, in the 26 cities surveyed, for every 1,000 people in 2021, there were 45.5 fire service calls, of which 1.5 were fires. It also shows that, an average of 1.1 people died, and 4.4 people were injured for every 100 thousand people in fires in all the cities listed in the table in 2021. Figures 2.1-2.4 show the distribution of cities by the number of fire service calls and fires per 1,000 people per year (average figures for the period 2017-2021, Tables 2.6-2.7) and the number of deaths in fires per 100 thousand people, and per 100 fires per year (average figures for the period 2017-2021, Table 2.8). Table 2.2 and Figure 2.5 provide data on the nature of fire services work in 16 cities of the World. The share of fires of the total number of fire service calls for 16 cities averaged 4.6%. Accident visits and technical assistance accounted for 6.3% of all calls; trips to provide medical care accounted for 61.9% of all fire service calls. False exits account for 1.2% of all calls and 26% for other exits. In Table 2.3 and Figure 2.6, objects and places of occurrence of fires in 20 cities of the World are considered. Summarizing these data, shows that 30% of all fires occurred in buildings (including chimneys) (20.5% in residential buildings and 9.5% in all other buildings), 7.7% in transport (i.e. e. more than 35% of all fires originated either in buildings or in vehicles); forest fires, garbage, landfills, grass, and bushes accounted for 24% of all fires. Tables 2.4 and 2.5 and Figures 2.7 and 2.8 show the distribution of people killed and injured in fires by occupancy in 15 cities around the World. They show that 79.1% of the fatalities and 78% of the injuries occurred in residential buildings. 87,8% of the dead and 94.8% of the injuries happened in all buildings. Table 2.6 shows the type of calls for 2017-2021 in 53 cities around the World. These cities have 232 million inhabitants and annually register an average of 5.6 million fire service calls per year (i.e., 24.4 calls per 1,000 people). Table 2.7 shows the number of fires for 2017-2021 in 60 cities around the World. They have 260 million inhabitants, and an average of 238 thousand fires per year are recorded annually (i.e., 0.9 fires per 1,000 people). Table 2.8 shows the number of fire fatalities from 2017 to 2021 in 48 cities around the World. Two hundred twenty-one million people inhabit them, and annually an average of 1,278 people die in fires, i.e., for every 100 thousand people, on average, there were 0.6 fire fatalities. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 10 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 2.9 and Figures 2.9-2.12 present data on the number of firefighters and their technical equipment at the beginning of the 21st century for 73 cities. There are more than 312 million people in these cities. They were served by approximately 233,000 firefighters, with an average of 1 professional firefighter per 1,647 people (Figure 2.9) and 17 sq. km per fire station (Figure 2.12). These data should be of some interest to specialists. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 11 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Breves comentarios 1. Pases del mundo El Cuadro 1.1 muestra que el CFS CTIF, creado en 1995, resume anualmente los datos estadsticos de entre 27 y 57 pases, en los que viven entre 900 y 3800 millones de personas. En 1993, el 40% de la poblacin mundial viva en los 39 pases estudiados. En 2008, ms del 50% de la poblacin mundial viva en 31 pases. En los pases encuestados se registran anualmente entre 2,5 y 4,5 millones de incendios, en los que fallecen entre 17 y 62 mil personas. En slo 28 aos, ms de 1,1 millones de personas han sido vctimas de 104 millones de incendios en estos pases. El Cuadro 1.2 resume el volumen de trabajo y la situacin de los incendios en 38 pases en 2021. El Cuadro 1.2 muestra que, en 2021, en los 38 pases estudiados, en los que viven 1.200 millones de personas (1/6 de la poblacin mundial), se registraron 60 millones de salidas de los servicios de bomberos y salvamento, de las cuales 3,1 millones (el 5,2% de todas las llamadas) estaban relacionadas con incendios. En estos incendios fallecieron 16,9 mil personas y 62,1 mil resultaron heridas. Esto significa que, por cada 1.000 personas en estos pases, hubo un promedio de 47 salidas de unidades al ao, de las cuales 2,5 fueron incendios. Al mismo tiempo, por cada 100 mil personas, fallecieron en promedio 1,3 personas y 4,9 resultaron heridas en incendios durante el ao, y por cada 100 incendios, fallecieron en promedio 0,5 personas y 2,0 resultaron heridas. El Grfico 1.1 muestra que el mayor nmero de servicios por cada 1.000 personas (cifras medias para el periodo 2017-2021 (Cuadro 1.7) se produce en la Finlandia, Luxemburgo, Repblica Checa, Corea y Estados Unidos (en estos pases, ms de la mitad de las llamadas de los servicios de bomberos estn relacionadas con la prestacin de asistencia mdica). El mayor nmero de incendios por cada 1.000 personas (promedio para el periodo 2016-2020, Cuadro 1.8) - en Chipre, Barbados y Mauricio (Grfico1.2). El Grfico 1.3 muestra que la mayora de las vctimas de incendios por cada 100 mil personas (valores promedio para el periodo 2016-2020, Cuadro 1.9) se producen en Rusia, Bielorrusia y Ucrania. El Grfico 1.4 muestra la distribucin de las vctimas de incendios por cada 100 incendios (valores promedio para el periodo 2016-2020, Cuadro 1.9). _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 12 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ El Cuadro 1.3 y el Grfico 1.5 muestran la naturaleza del trabajo operativo de los servicios de bomberos en 33 pases del mundo. Al mismo tiempo, se analizaron ms de 68 millones de llamadas de los servicios de bomberos en 2020. El porcentaje de incendios en el total de los servicios de bomberos es del 3,6%, las llamadas a accidentes (para asistencia tcnica) del 1,6%, las llamadas de asistencia mdica son el 55,7% (principalmente bomberos de Japn, Singapur, Francia, Irlanda y EE.UU.), las llamadas falsas representan el 5,3% y otras el 33,9%. El Cuadro 1.4 y el Grfico 1.6 muestran la distribucin de los incendios por lugar de origen en 34 pases del mundo. Aproximadamente el 33,6% de todos los incendios se producen en edificios (el 24,2% en edificios residenciales y el 8,0% en todos los dems edificios), alrededor del 11,5% - en medios de transporte, el 2,5% - en bosques, el 21,9% - incendios de hierba y arbustos, el 15,8%, incendios de basura, vertederos y el 16,0% - otros incendios. Al analizar los datos de esta tabla, hay que tener en cuenta que los distintos pases tienen sus propias normas de registro de incendios para las categoras presentadas. De la ltima lnea del Cuadro 1.4 se deduce, en particular, que en los edificios (incluye chimeneas) y en el transporte se produce, en total, el 43,7% de todos los incendios registrados. En los Cuadros 1.5-1.6 y en los Grficos 1.7-1.8 se presenta la distribucin de los fallecidos y heridos en incendios. Estos datos muestran que el 83% de todos los fallecidos (desde el 4% en Eslovaquia hasta el 100% en Liechtenstein) y el 61% de todos los heridos (desde el 0,8% en Croacia hasta el 81% en Ucrania) se producen en edificios residenciales. Los Cuadros 1.7-1.10 contienen informacin sobre el nmero de llamadas de incendio al servicio de bomberos, sus vctimas para 2016-2020 en 51-70 pases del mundo. En estos pases, hay una media de 55 millones de llamadas al servicio de bomberos, 4 millones de incendios, en los que fallecen unas 31 mil personas, y aproximadamente 62 mil resultan heridas. Los Cuadros 1.11-1.12 presentan datos sobre el fallecimiento y lesiones de bomberos en 33 pases del mundo. En 2020, fallecieron 89 bomberos y 68.655 resultaron heridos en estos pases. En el Cuadro 1.13 y los Grficos 1.9-1.11 se muestran la cantidad de bomberos en 63 pases del mundo a principios del siglo XXI. Del Cuadro 1.13 se deduce que 3.200 millones de habitantes de estos pases estn protegidos de los incendios por 15,7 millones de bomberos, de los cuales 14 millones son voluntarios. El Cuadro 1.14 presenta datos sobre la distribucin de los bomberos por gnero en 41 pases del mundo. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 13 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ El Cuadro 1.15 presenta datos sobre el nmero de bomberos jvenes en 16 pases del mundo. Los Grficos 1.12-1.13 muestran la distribucin de las personas fallecidas por "fuego, calor y sustancias calientes" en 2019 segn la Organizacin Mundial de la Salud (OMS). 2. Ciudades del mundo Del Cuadro 1.2 se desprende que, en primer lugar, en las 40 ciudades encuestadas, en promedio, por cada 1.000 personas en 2020, se produjeron 49 llamadas al servicio de bomberos, de las cuales 1,1 fueron incendios; en segundo lugar, por cada 100 mil personas afectadas por incendios en 2020, en todas las ciudades enumeradas en la tabla, un promedio de 0,5 personas falleci y 3,3 personas resultaron heridas. Los Grficos 2.1-2.4 muestran la distribucin de las ciudades segn el nmero de llamadas al servicio de bomberos y de incendios por cada 1.000 personas al ao (cifras promedio para el periodo 2016-2020, tablas 2.6-2.7) y el nmero de fallecidos en incendios por cada 100 mil personas, y por cada 100 incendios al ao (cifras promedio para el periodo 2016-2020, tabla 2.8). El Cuadro 2.2 y el Grfico 2.5 proporcionan datos sobre la naturaleza del trabajo de los servicios de bomberos en 25 ciudades del mundo. La proporcin de los incendios en el volumen total de llamados para 25 ciudades es, en promedio, del 3,0%; los servicios por accidentes y asistencia tcnica en total representan el 4,7%; los servicios de asistencia mdica representan el 46,2%; las falsas llamadas representan el 1,1% de todas las llamadas y el 44,9% son otros servicios. En el Cuadro 2.3 y en el Grfico 2.6 se consideran los objetos y lugares de ocurrencia de los incendios en 24 ciudades del mundo. Resumiendo estos datos, podemos decir que el 25,7% de todos los incendios se produjeron en edificios (incluyendo chimeneas) (el 15,2% en edificios residenciales y el 10,5% en todos los dems edificios), en el transporte - el 9,8% (es decir, ms del 35% de todos los incendios se originaron en edificios o en vehculos); los incendios forestales, la basura, los vertederos, la hierba, los arbustos representaron el 27% de todos los incendios. Los Cuadros 2.4 y 2.5 y los Grficos 2.7 y 2.8 muestran la distribucin de personas fallecidas y heridas en incendios de diversas estructuras en 15 ciudades del mundo. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 14 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ De esta tabla se desprende que el 72,8% de los fallecidos y el 69,9% de los heridos se produjeron en zonas residenciales. En total, el 90,7% de los fallecidos y el 89,1% de los heridos se produjeron en todos los tipos de edificios. El Cuadro 2.6 muestra el tipo de llamadas para 2016-2020 en 51 ciudades de todo el mundo. Estas ciudades tienen 225 millones de habitantes y registran anualmente un promedio de 5,5 millones de llamadas al servicio de bomberos (es decir, 24,7 llamadas por cada 1.000 personas). El Cuadro 2.7 muestra el tipo de incendios para 2016-2020 en 60 ciudades de todo el mundo. En total, tienen 262 millones de habitantes y se registra un promedio de 258 mil incendios al ao (es decir, 1,0 incendios por cada 1.000 personas). El Cuadro 2.8 muestra la cantidad de vctimas por incendios para 20162020 en 46 ciudades de todo el mundo. En ellas habitan 221 millones de personas y anualmente fallece un promedio de 1.216 personas en incendios, es decir, por cada 100 mil personas, en promedio, hubo 0,5 vctimas de incendios. El Cuadro 2.9 y los Grficos 2.9-2.12 presentan datos sobre el nmero de efectivos de los servicios de extincin de incendios (y su equipamiento tcnico) a principios del siglo XXI en 71 ciudades del mundo. En estas ciudades viven ms de 312 millones de personas. Estn atendidas por unos 236.000 bomberos, con un promedio de 1 bombero profesional por cada 1.647 personas (Grfico 2.9), y un promedio de 17 km2 por estacin de bomberos (Grfico 2.12). Estos datos deberan ser de cierto inters para los especialistas. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 15 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Kurze Kommentare 1. Lnder derWelt Aus Tabelle 1.1 folgt, dass das CFS CTIF (es wurde im Jahr 1995 gegrndet) jhrlich die statistischen Daten aus 27-57 Staaten verarbeitet, in denen 0,9-3,8 Mrd. Menschen lebten. Im Jahr 1993 lebten in den 39 untersuchten Staaten 40 % der Weltbevlkerung. Im Jahr 2008 lebten in 31 Staaten mehr als 50 % der Weltbevlkerung. In den untersuchten Staaten wurden jhrlich 2,5-4,5 Mio. Brnde registriert. Dabei kamen 17.000 - 62.000 Menschen ums Leben. Innerhalb von 28 Jahren verloren in den untersuchten Staaten bei 104 Mio. Brnden ca. 1,1 Mio. Menschen ihr Leben. In Tabelle 1.2 werden fr das Jahr 2021 die verdichteten Kennzahlen zum Arbeitsumfang der Feuerwehren sowie zur Brandsituation in 38 Staaten vorgestellt. Aus Tabelle 1.2 folgt, dass im Jahr 2021 in den 38 untersuchten Staaten mit einer Bevlkerung von ber 1,2 Mrd. Menschen (1/6 der Gesamtbevlkerung des Planeten) mehr als 60 Millionen Feuerwehreinstze registriert wurden. Davon waren 3,1 Mio. (5,2 %) Einstze mit Brnden verbunden. Bei diesen Brnden verloren rund 16.900 Menschen ihr Leben. Weitere 62.100 Menschen wurden bei Brnden verletzt. Das bedeutet, dass auf je 1.000 Einwohner dieser Staaten jhrlich im Mittel 47 Feuerwehreinstze entfallen, davon sind 2,5 Brandeinstze. Dabei kommen je 100.000 Einwohner im Mittel 1,3 Menschen bei Brnden ums Leben. Weitere 4,9 Menschen je 100.000 der Bevlkerung wurden verletzt. Auf je 100 Brnde entfallen somit im Mittel 0,5 Tote und 2,0 Verletzte. In Bild 1.1 ist zu erkennen, dass die meisten Einstze je 1000 Einwohner (mittlere Kennzahlen fr den Zeitraum 2017-2021 aus Tabelle 1.7) auf Finnland, Luxemburg und die Tschechische Republik entfallen. Die meisten Brnde je 1.000 Einwohner (mittlere Kennzahlen fr den Zeitraum 2017-2021 aus Tabelle 1.8) entfallen auf Cypern, Barbados und Uruguay (Bild 1.2). Aus Bild 1.3 folgt, dass die meisten Brandopfer je 100.000 Einwohner (mittlere Kennzahlen fr den Zeitraum 2017-2021 aus Tabelle 1.9) in Russland, Weirussland und in der Ukraine zu beklagen sind. Bild 1.4 illustriert die Verteilung der Brandopfer je 100 Brnde (mittlere Kennzahlen fr den Zeitraum 2017-2021 aus Tabelle 1.9). In Tabelle 1.3 sowie in Bild 1.5 wird die Struktur des Arbeitsumfangs der Feuerwehren in 23 Staaten der Welt vorgestellt. Hierbei wurden im Jahr 2021 etwa 60 Millionen Feuerwehreinstze registriert. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 16 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Der Anteil der Brandeinstze an der Gesamteinsatzanzahl liegt bei 3,8 %, zu Havarien und Technischen Hilfeleistungen - 1,9 %, zu medizinischen Notfalleinstzen - 63,4 % (im Wesentlichen wurden diese Einstze in Japan, Singapur, Frankreich, Irland und in den USA realisiert) sowie zu ,,Fehleinstzen" - 7,2 %. Sonstige Einstze gehen mit 23,7 % in die Statistik ein. In Tabelle 1.4 und in Bild 1.6 stellen wir die Verteilung der Brandeinstze nach den Orten der Brandentstehung fr 24 Staaten vor. Etwa 31,3 % aller Brnde brechen in Gebuden (23,2 % in Wohnungen und 8,1 % in allen anderen Gebuden) aus, 12,7 % - im Transportbereich, 1,2 % - in Wldern, 20 % sind Brnde von Grasland / Struchern / Gestrpp. Schlielich folgen Brnde von Mll / Abfall / Mllhalden - rund 15,7 % sowie 19,1 % sind sonstige Brnde. Bei der Analyse dieser Daten muss beachtet werden, dass die Regeln der Brandstatistik in den einzelnen Staaten sehr unterschiedlich sind. Aus der Summenzeile der Tabelle 1.4 folgt, dass auf Gebude (incl. Schornsteine) und den Transportbereich 44 % aller registrierten Brnde entfallen. In den Tabellen 1.5-1.6 und in den Bildern 1.7-1.8 wird die Verteilung der Opferzahlen (Tote, Verletzte) in Abhngigkeit vom Brandobjekt vorgestellt. Die Angaben verdeutlichen, dass 84,6 % der Brandtoten (im Intervall von 0 % in Kroatien bis 100 % in Liechtenstein) sowie 73,7 % der Verletzten (im Intervall von 2,5 % in Kroatien bis 82,5 % in Estland) auf den Wohnbereich entfallen. Die Tabellen 1.7 bis 1.10 enthalten Informationen ber die Feuerwehreinstze, Brnde (incl. der Opferzahlen) fr 2017-2021 in 53-70 Staaten. In diesen Staaten werden im Mittel jhrlich 58 Mio. Einstze, 4 Mio. Brnde registriert bei denen rund 35.000 Zivilisten sterben und weitere 63.000 Personen verletzt werden. Die Tabellen 1.11-1.12 illustrieren die Angaben ber die verunfallten Feuerwehrleute in 20 Staaten. Im Jahr 2021 waren in diesen Staaten 150 tdlich verunfallte und weitere 64673 verletzte Feuerwehrleute zu beklagen. Tabelle 1.13 und die Bilder 1.9-1.11 beinhalten die Personalstrken der Feuerwehren in 62 Staaten zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts. Aus Tabelle 1.13 folgt, dass die 3,2 Mrd. Einwohner dieser Staaten von 15,3 Mio. Feuerwehrleuten, darunter 13,8 Mio. Freiwillige Feuerwehrleute, geschtzt werden. Tabelle 1.14 stellt eine Gegenberstellung des Anteils an Frauen im Personalbestand der Feuerwehren in 42 Staaten vor. Tabelle 1.15 stellt Angaben zu Jugendfeuerwehren in 19 ausgewhlten Staaten vor. Die Bilder 1.12-1.13 illustrieren die Verteilung der Totenzahlen durch ,,Feuer und Flammen sowie heien Substanzen" fr das Jahr 2019 vor, die von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation der UNO (WHO) verffentlicht wurden. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 17 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Stdte der Welt Aus Tabelle 2.1 kann entnommen werden, dass im Jahr 2021 in den 26 untersuchten Stdten erstens im Mittel auf 1.000 Einwohner jhrlich 45,5 Feuerwehreinstze (davon 1,5 Brnde) entfielen; und das zweitens je 100.000 Einwohner im Mittel 1,1 Brandtote und 4,4 Brandverletzte zu beklagen waren. Die Bilder 2.1-2.4 stellen die Verteilung der Stdte nach der jhrlichen Anzahl der Feuerwehreinstze und der Brnde je 1000 Einwohner (mittlere Kennzahlen fr die Jahre 2017-2021 aus den Tabellen 2.6 und 2.7); und die Verteilung der Brandopfer je 100.000 der Bevlkerung sowie je 100 Brnde (mittlere Kennzahlen fr den Zeitraum 2017-2021 nach Tabelle 2.8) vor. In Tabelle 2.2 und Bild 2.5 werden die Daten zur Einsatzstruktur der Feuerwehren in 16 Grostdten der Welt vorgestellt. Der Anteil der Brandeinstze an der Gesamtanzahl der Einstze betrug fr 16 Stdte im Mittel 4,6 %; weitere 6,3 % der Einstze entfielen auf Technische Hilfeleistungen. 61,9 % aller Einstze waren medizinische Rettungsdiensteinstze; 1,2 % aller Einstze waren so genannte Fehleinstze. Die restlichen 26 % waren sonstige Einstze. In Tabelle 2.3 und in Bild 2.6 betrachten wir die Objekte der Brandentstehung in 20 Grostdten. Allgemein gesagt kann man davon ausgehen, dass in Gebuden (incl. Schornsteine) 30 % der Brnde entstanden (20,5 % in Wohngebuden und 9,5 % in allen anderen Gebuden); im Transportbereich waren es 7,7% (d.h. 35 % aller Brnde brachen entweder in Gebuden oder im Transportwesen aus). Es folgen Wald-, Mll-, Gras- und Gestrppbrnde mit einem Anteil von 24 %. Tabelle 2.4 und 2.5 sowie die Bilder 2.7 und 2.8 stellen fr 15 Grostdte die zu beklagenden Opferzahlen nach den Brandobjekten vor. Aus der Tabelle folgt, dass 79,1 % der Brandtoten und 78 % der Verletzten auf Wohngebude entfallen. Insgesamt gesehen sind 87,8 % der Brandtoten und 94,8 % der bei Brnden verletzten Personen auf Gebudebrnde zurckzufhren. In Tabelle 2.6 ist die Dynamik der Einsatzzahlen fr die Jahre 2017-2021 in 53 Stdten der Welt zusammengestellt. In diesen Stdten wurden 232 Millionen Einwohner gezhlt. Jhrlich wurden im Mittel 5,6 Millionen Feuerwehreinstze registriert (d.h. 24,4 Einstze je 1.000 der Bevlkerung). Tabelle 2.7 stellt die Entwicklung der Brandzahlen in 60 Stdten fr den Zeitraum 2017-2021 vor. In diesen Stdten lebten fast 260 Mio. Menschen und jhrlich wurden dort im Mittel 258.000 Brnde, d.h. 0,9 Brnde je 1.000 Einwohner, registriert. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 18 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ In Tabelle 2.8 stellen wir die Entwicklung der Brandopferzahlen fr den Zeitraum 2017-2021 in 48 Grostdten vor. In den angefhrten Stdten lebten mehr als 221 Mio. Menschen. Jhrlich verloren bei diesen Brnden etwa 1278 Menschen ihr Leben, d.h. je 100.000 Einwohner waren im Mittel 0,6 Todesopfer zu beklagen. In der Tabelle 2.9 und in den Bildern 2.9-2.12 sind Angaben ber die Personalstrken der Feuerwehren (und ihrer technischen Ausstattung) zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts fr 73 Grostdte enthalten. In diesen Stdten lebten rund 312 Mio. Einwohner. Sie wurden von rund 233.000 Feuerwehrleuten geschtzt, wobei auf 1647 Einwohner im Mittel 1 Berufsfeuerwehrmann (Bild 2.9) entfiel. Eine Feuerwache war im Mittel fr 17 km2 des Stadtgebietes zustndig (Bild 2.12). Diese Daten sollten fr Fachleute von besonderem Interesse sein. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 19 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Special Report: Fire Causes Background In preparation for report No. 28, the Center of Fire Statistics of CTIF initiated a survey on the causes of fires in all member states. Based on many requests and in the interest of the further development of CTIF statistics, we are surveying the causes of fires at the national level for the first time. The member countries of CTIF were invited to fill the table below with data using the national definitions/terms. In doing so, indicate the six leading fire causes. All other known fire causes should be named "other causes." Finally, "unknown causes" summarizes the unknown cases and cases under investigation. Table 0-1: Fire Causes in the CTIF-member states Main Fire Causes 1. Cause of fire 2. Cause of fire 3. Cause of fire 4. Cause of fire 5. Cause of fire 6. Cause of fire 7. Other causes 8. Unknown causes Total Designation/name: Please add! Please add! Please add! Please add! Please add! Please add! Please add! Absolute value Share, % 100 Table 0-2: Fire Causes in the CTIF-member states, the result of the survey Information available Information not available Total Number of countries 17 23 40 Share of countries, % 42,5 57,5 100 Table 0-2 shows the quantitative result of the CTIF survey, i.e., 42.5% of the member states provided information on fire causes. IFCAA statistics were used as a further data source1. After contacting the Center of Fire Statistics of CTIF, IFCAA sent the existing statistical data. We want to take this opportunity to express our gratitude for this. As additional sources of statistics on the causes of fires, we have used: 1. Publication of the CFS CTIF, 2. Statistical yearbooks of the countries of the world, 1 IFCAA - International Fire Chief Association of Asia, https://www.fcaj.gr.jp/ifcaa/en/ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 20 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Annual reports of the ministries responsible for fire protection and fire brigades, 4. Associations for Fire Safety and 5. Publications of insurance companies. A total of 66 countries are therefore available for the following considerations. In addition, various sources were available for some states. In some cases, national data could not be found, but regional or local data are available. The sources are distributed among Europe (28), Asia (26), America (5), Africa (5), and Oceania (2). Below we consider all existing sources by state in alphabetical order. Comments and recommendations follow this. 1 Austria Austria has national statistics that contain statements on the causes of fires. Table 1-1 shows that unknown fire causes, open fire, and electric energy account for 50% of all causes. The terms used in the overview are short. The three leading known causes are open fire, electric power, and lightning. Table 1-1: Number of Fires by Fire Causes in Austria2 Fire Causes (Austria, 2021, source: CTIF) Unknown Open fire Electric energy Lightning Others Heaters Arson Mechanical energy SelfIgnition Container explosion Total Fires 1,451 1,408 1,313 1,149 1,006 805 411 361 250 143 8,297 % Cumulation, % 17.5 17.5 17.0 34.5 15.8 50.3 13.8 64.1 12.1 76.3 9.7 86.0 5.0 90.9 4.4 95.3 3.0 98.3 1.7 100.0 100 2 CTIF Center of Fire Statistics, Survey of the Member States 2022-2023. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 21 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 Bahrain Bahrain has national statistics that contain statements on the causes of fires. Table 2-1 shows that electrical faults deliberately account for 50% of all causes. The terms used in the overview are short. The three leading known causes are electrical fault, deliberate, and carelessness. Table 2-1: Number of Fires by Fire Causes in Bahrain3 Fire Causes 2005 2006 ... Electrical fault 423 561 ... Deliberately 169 337 ... Carelessness 397 344 ... Unknown 334 390 ... Cigarettes 163 149 ... Thermal pressure 88 106 ... Gas/cooker 53 56 ... Welding 15 16 ... Candles 20 20 ... Chemicals 4 2 ... Total 1,666 1,981 ... 2013 501 242 280 104 123 87 48 8 10 8 1,411 2014 563 261 259 91 118 72 97 15 5 6 1,487 Sum 4,847 3,464 2,940 2,279 1,410 863 465 146 139 45 16,598 % Cumulation, % 29.2 29.2 20.9 50.1 17.7 67.8 13.7 81.5 8.5 90.0 5.2 95.2 2.8 98.0 0.9 98.9 0.8 99.7 0.3 100.0 100 Looking at the causes of fire in Bahrain in the light of the IFCAA surveys, the following picture emerges (Table 2-2). Table 2-2: Main Fire Causes in Bahrain4 Fire Causes, Bahrain, source: IFCAA Fire cause 1st Fire cause 2nd Fire cause 3rd Fire cause 4th Fire cause 5th 20052006 Short Circuit Unknown Carelessness Deliberately Cigarettes 3 Bahrain, Fire Causes (Statistical Yearbook), Police Media Directorate / Ministry of Interior. 4 Tseng, W., Chien, S. and Shen, T., 2008. Comparative Analysis of Taiwan Fire Risk with Asia/Oceania Countries and Other Countries around the World. Fire Safety Science 9: 981-990. doi:10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.9-981, IAFSS Symposium 9. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 22 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 Bangladesh Looking at the causes of fire in Bangladesh in the light of the IFCAA surveys, the following picture emerges (Table 3-1). First, five reasons for the fire are named. Table 3-1: Main Fire Causes in Bangladesh5 Fire Causes, Bangladesh, source: IFCAA Fire cause 1st Fire cause 2nd Fire cause 3rd Fire cause 4th Fire cause 5th 20052006 Short circuit Oven Cigarette Unknown Open lamp Table 3-2: Main Fire Causes in Dhaka (Bangladesh)6 Fire cause 1st Fire cause 2nd Fire cause 3rd Fire cause 4th Fire cause 5th Fire Causes, Dhaka (Bangladesh), source: IFCAA 2017 2018 2019 Electrical Electrical Electrical Short Circuit Short Circuit Short Circuit Oven Cigarette Butts Oven Cigarette Butts Oven Cigarette Butts Unknown Unknown Unknown Open Lamp Open Lamp Open Lamp 2020 Electrical Short Circuit Oven Cigarette Butts Unknown Open Lamp Table 3-2 illustrates the distribution of the causes of fires in the capital Dhaka between 2017 and 2020. Electrical energy is the leading cause of fire. 5 Tseng, W., Chien, S. and Shen, T., 2008. Comparative Analysis of Taiwan Fire Risk with Asia/Oceania Countries and Other Countries around the World. Fire Safety Science 9: 981-990. doi:10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.9-981, IAFSS Symposium 9. 6 IFCAA-Statistics. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 23 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 Belarus For Belarus, the fire caused in 2010-2015 could be taken from the below source. Two known causes of fire (carelessness, electrical equipment) account for more than half of all fires. The names of individual causes of fire are sometimes long and cumbersome but easy to understand from the context. Therefore, it is noteworthy that the term "unknown causes" is not included in the Table 4-1. Table 4-1: Number of Fires by Fire Causes in Belarus7 Fire Causes in Belarus Careless handling of fire Violation of the rules for the design and operation of electrical equipment Violation of the rules for the design and operation of furnaces Arson Other Children's play with fire Natural causes Violation of the rules for the operation of gas devices and units Violation of fire safety requirements during hot work Total 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Sum % 4,056 3,935 3,405 3,094 3,003 2452 19,945 46.2 1,475 1,311 1,295 1,298 1,245 852 7,476 17.3 1,523 1,291 1,424 1,133 1,279 718 7,368 17.1 755 677 505 513 493 375 3,318 7.7 398 377 267 350 343 130 1,865 4.3 246 264 164 153 157 113 1.097 2.5 226 227 173 146 124 147 1.043 2.4 124 97 90 118 90 62 581 1.3 74 73 87 77 68 59 438 1.0 8,877 8,252 7,410 6,882 6,802 4,908 43,131 100 Cumulation, % 46.2 63.6 80.7 88.4 92.7 95.2 97.6 99.0 100.0 7 CTIF database, collection of statistical information on formal and informal communication _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 24 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 Brazil The country is the fifth largest in the world in terms of area and, with around 215 million inhabitants, the seventh largest in population. Brazil is a federal republic. Brazil consists of 26 states and one federal district. In Brazil, the Military Firefighters Corps (Corpo De Bombeiros Militar) are military public security forces responsible for civil defense, firefighting, and search and rescue inside the federative units. Each Federative Unit has its own Military Firefighters Corps with different structures, rules, and uniforms. A nationwide fire statistic system is not known. But a Brazilian standard for collecting fire data was elaborated and approved in 1997 as Brazilian Standard NBR 14023197 8. Table 5-1: Main causes of fires in the 1995-1997 period in Sao Paulo City9 Fire causes Sao Paulo Unknown, not verified Other known causes Arson Carelessness at cooking Inadequate electrical installation Children play Negligence with candles LPG leakage Total Structure fires 5,746 1,579 995 1,146 1,441 270 435 354 11,966 Residential fires 3,086 644 512 986 804 186 370 265 6,853 All % fires 10,089 50.9 2,639 13.3 2,576 13.0 1,164 5.9 1,932 9.8 576 2.9 452 2.3 382 1.9 19810 100 Cumulation, % 50.9 64.3 77.3 83.1 92.9 95.8 98.1 100.0 In the Table 5-1, we, unfortunately, have to limit ourselves to data taken from an older publication. Nevertheless, it can be seen that a total of eight terms are sufficient to quantify all causes of fire. "Unknown, not verified" and "Other known causes" dominate the events with 64% of all fires. Every 13th fire can be traced back to arson. Table 5-2 from a conference presentation reflects the causes of fire in Sao Paulo from 1999-2009. The causes of "deliberate arson" and "electrical installations and equipment" combine almost 70% of all fire causes. All other reasons appear only in the single digits. 8 Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT). The standard for registration of fire service activities NBR 14023. Rio de Janeiro, 1997. 9 Rosaria Ono (Technological Research Institute of Sao Paulo State), Silvio Bento Da Silva (Sao Paulo State Fire Department): An Analysis of Fire Safety in Residential Buildings through Fire Statistics (2000). _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 25 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 5-2: Main causes of fire in the Sao Paulo State (1999-2009)10 Fire causes Sao Paulo Intentional (incendiary act) Installations and equipment electric Smokers (cigarette, etc.) Cooking (equipment, handling) Child's play Equipment overheating Spontaneous ignition Candle Others Total 19992009, % 56.1 12.7 5.8 4.4 3.3 2.7 2.5 1.7 10.8 100 Cumulation, % 56.1 68.8 74.6 79.0 82.3 85.0 87.5 89.2 100.0 - 6 Bulgaria The transmission of the causes of fires in Bulgaria was carried out according to the scheme proposed by CTIF. According to this, two causes are responsible for almost half of all fires (Table 6-1). Table 6-1: Number of Fires by Fire Causes in Bulgaria11 Fire Causes (Bulgaria, 2021, source: CTIF) Short circuit Negligence in handling open fire Under establishment Technical failure Other causes Improper use of heaters Improper use of devices for heating Malice Total Fires 2,194 1,444 1,151 972 726 378 351 269 7,485 Share, % 29.3 19.3 15.4 13.0 9.7 5.1 4.7 3.6 100 Cumulation, % 29.3 48.6 64.0 77.0 86.7 91.7 96.4 100.0 10 Newton dos Reis Barreira (Corpo De Bombeiros): Seguranca em edificacoes, ABINEE TEC 2013. 11 CTIF Center of Fire Statistics, Survey of the Member States 2022-2023. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 26 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7 Brunei Darussalam Looking at the causes of fire in Brunei Darussalam in the light of the IFCAA surveys, the following picture emerges (Table 7-1). Five causes of the fire are named. Unfortunately, no other statistical overviews were available on the causes of the fires were not available. Table 7-1: Main Fire Causes in Brunei Darussalam12 Fire Causes, Brunei Darussalam, source: IFCAA Fire cause 1st Fire cause 2nd Fire cause 3rd Fire cause 4th Fire cause 5th 20052006 Electricity Gas, Other Arson Playing fire Bonfire 8 Canada Table 8-1 comes from a different source. If the figures are to be trusted, in 19902000, unknown causes accounted for 22.0%, miscellaneous 21%, and smokers' utensils/open flame 18% of all fires. Thus, this is a total of 61%. Unfortunately, more up-to-date figures are not available. Table 8-1: Fire Causes in Canada13 Fire Causes Canada, source: Humanity and Fires Unknown Miscellaneous Smokers' utensils and open flame Cooking equipment Electrical distribution equipment Heating equipment Exposure (structures, lumber yard, forest, grass, etc.) Electrical appliances and equipment Other electrical equipment Lightning stroke Total Share, % (19902000) 22 21 18 11 9 8 Cumulation, % 22.0 43.0 61.0 72.0 81.0 89.0 4 93.0 3 96.0 3 99.0 1 100.0 100 12 Tseng, W., Chien, S. and Shen, T., 2008. Comparative Analysis of Taiwan Fire Risk with Asia/Oceania Countries and Other Countries around the World. Fire Safety Science 9: 981-990. doi:10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.9-981, IAFSS Symposium 9. 13 Bruschlinsky, Sokolov, Wagner: Humanity and Fires (2010), Fundacja Edukacja i Technika Ratownictwa, ISBN 978-83-88777-29-5, pp. 353 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 27 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 8-2: Number of Fire Deaths by Reasons for Non-evacuation in Canada14 Cause of death (Reason for non evacuation), Canada Unknown reason for non evacuation Trapped by spreading fire/smoke 2005 132 32 2006 ... 2013 2014 108 ... 109 122 33 ... 20 33 Sum 1,208 365 % Cumulation, % 66.9 66.9 20.2 87.1 Not applicable 7 6 ... 6 5 84 4.7 91.7 Age/other physical limitation 4 6 ... 7 2 79 4.4 96.1 Building collapse/falling debris/explosion 1 7 ... 6 2 31 1.7 97.8 Exit blocked, locked, or obstructed 0 1 ... 3 3 25 1.4 99.2 Exposure to hazardous materials 0 0 ... 3 3 14 0.8 100.0 / toxic fumes Fell, slipped, or tripped 0 0 ... 0 0 0.0 100.0 Total reason for nonevacuation 176 161 ... 154 170 1,806 100 Fire incidents, residential 13,619 13,255 ... 12,269 12,071 128,710 properties Firerelated deaths, residential 144 134 ... 117 96 1,402 properties Firerelated injuries, residential 998 862 ... 1,009 928 8,287 properties Table 8-2 shows the number of fire deaths by reasons for non-evacuation. For the years 2005 to 2014, a total of 1,806 deaths were registered in fires. This number is divided into eight causes. The cause "Unknown reason for non-evacuation" stands out clearly with almost 67%. 14 Statistics Canada. Table 35-10-0194-01 Fire-related deaths and persons injured, by cause of death or injury and reason for non-evacuation, DOI: https://doi.org/10.25318/3510019401-eng Statistics Canada. Table 35-10-0196-01 Incident-based fire statistics, by the performance of smoke alarm device, residential fires, DOI: https://doi.org/10.25318/3510019601-eng _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 28 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 9 China From the source cited here, it can be seen that three causes of fire account for 66% of all fires. Careless handling of fire and electrical causes dominate (Table 9-1). Table 9-1: Fire Causes in China15 Fire Causes China, 2001 % Careless fire usage 28.7 Electric 24.9 Unknown 12.4 Smoking 8.4 Other 6.8 Play with fire 6.4 Arson 6.2 False Operation 5.1 Selfignition 1.1 Total 100 Cumulation, % 28.7 53.6 66.0 74.4 81.2 87.6 93.8 98.9 100.0 10 Colombia (Bogota) For Colombia, no data from national fire statistics are known. For this reason, we have to resort to figures from the capital Bogot. Bogota is located 2,640 m above sea level and occupies an area of 1,587 km. The metropolitan area occupies 5,235 km. Around 7.9 million (2022) inhabitants live in the city proper (metro area - 10 million people, 2022). Table 10-1 shows the distribution of building fires in the city for 2014-2019. We recognize that almost 60% of all building fires break out in the residential area. Table 10-1: Fire Objects in Colombia (Bogota), * - estimation16 Fire objects, Colombia (Bogota) Residential Industrial Commercial Others Business Total Fires, * 332 84 73 72 9 570 % Cumulation, % 58.2 58.2 14.7 72.9 12.8 85.7 12.7 98.4 1.6 100.0 100 15 China Statistical Yearbook, National Bureau of Statistics of China, 1999-2019 16 https://www.bomberosbogota.gov.co/content/incendios-estructurales-bogota#. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 29 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 10-2 outlines the distribution of building fires (2014-2019) among the most common causes of fire identified. The comparatively small proportion of "other causes" is striking. For example, the cause of "Electrical fault" for the ranking list is almost 41%. It is followed by "Open flames" and "Hot surfaces." The first three causes account for just over 80% of all fires. All other causes of fire occupy their place in the statistics only in the single-digit range. Table 10-2: Fire Causes in Colombia (Bogota)17 Fire causes, Colombia (Bogota) Fires Electrical fault 232 Open flame 190 Hot surfaces 36 Cigarettes 18 Food in the pot 14 Sparks works 11 Chemical reaction 11 Burning coal embers 9 Children 9 Combustible liquids 8 Other known causes 8 Industrial processes 7 Heat source 6 Gas leakage 6 Gunpowder 3 Others 2 Total 570 % Cumulation, % 40.7 40.7 33.3 74.0 6.3 80.4 3.2 83.5 2.5 86.0 1.9 87.9 1.9 89.8 1.6 91.4 1.6 93.0 1.4 94.4 1.4 95.8 1.2 97.0 1.1 98.1 1.1 99.1 0.5 99.6 0.4 100.0 100 17 Ditto. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 30 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 11 Costa Rica Information on the causes of fires in the country exists only based on a comparatively small sample (Table 11-1). Table 11-1: Fire Causes in Costa Rica18 Fires Investigated, Classified by Ignition Source, Costa Rica Open flame Electric system Spark, ember Not determined Electrical/electronic equipment Smoker equipment Overheating of materials/oils/fats Exothermic Chemical Reaction Ray Heating of electrical cablesconductors Lighter Others Matches Spontaneous ignition Total Number of investigated fires 2017 (%) 29.03 32.26 10.96 2.58 14.19 6.45 1.94 0.65 1.94 100 157 2018 (%) 32.8 29.9 19.4 6.7 6.0 3.7 0.7 0.7 100 134 2020 (%) 20.5 0.0 9.1 17.0 19.3 27.3 2.3 2.3 1.1 1.1 100 88 The figures give the impression that open fires and electrical equipment and systems are mainly responsible for the fires. 18 Benemerito Cuerpo de Bomberos de Costa Rica, Incendios investigados durante el 2017/2018/2020, clasificados por fuentes de ignicin, Annual Reports _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 31 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 12 Cyprus The leading causes of the fire in Cyprus include "burning without permission" and "rubbish burning" (Table 12-1). Table 12-1: Fire Causes in Cyprus19 Fire Causes (Cyprus, 2021, source: CTIF) Burning without permission (different) Rubbish burning Different fires with unknown causes Burning without permission (Dry vegetation) Different Electrical or Mechanical devices Fire on purpose Overheating, Fuel leaks, Gas leaks, Candles, Cooking Defective Chimneys Total Fires % Cumulation, % 4,777 69.2 69.2 833 12.1 81.3 380 5.5 86.8 283 4.1 90.9 255 3.7 94.6 157 2.3 96.9 123 1.8 98.7 91 1.3 6,899 100 100.0 13 Czech Republic Table 13-1: Fire Causes in the Czech Republic20 Fire Causes (Czech Republic, 2021, source: CTIF) Negligence Technical failures Unproven fault Chimneys and heaters Deliberate ignition Special causes Other causes Unknown causes Total Fires 5,102 3,593 3,580 1,476 1,012 241 205 953 16,162 % Cumulation, % 31.6 31.6 22.2 53.8 22.2 75.9 9.1 85.1 6.3 91.3 1.5 92.8 1.3 94.1 5.9 100.0 100 The analysis of the causes of fires in the Czech Republic illustrates that three causes should be highlighted: Negligence, technical failures, and unproven fault. These causes account for 76% of all fires (Table 13-1). 19 CTIF Center of Fire Statistics, Survey of the Member States 2022-2023. 20 CTIF Center of Fire Statistics, Survey of the Member States 2022-2023. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 32 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 14 Denmark Table 14-1: Fire Causes in Denmark21 Fire Causes, Denmark, source: Humanity and Fires Other Unknown Chimney fires Carelessness with open fire Deliberate (arson, suicide, children playing with fire) Electricity Improper use of electrical equipment (cooking) Improper use of electrical equipment (other) Smoking Explosion Candles Total 20052006, % 25.00 21.50 15.35 8.10 8.00 6.10 5.40 5.40 4.60 0.50 0.05 100 Cumulation, % 25.0 46.5 61.9 70.0 78.0 84.1 89.5 94.9 99.5 100.0 100.0 In the Table 14-1 of Denmark's fire causes, 'other causes' and 'unknown causes' are visible. In addition, the reported distribution of fires among the listed fire causes raises questions. 21 Bruschlinsky, Sokolov, Wagner: Humanity and Fires (2010), Fundacja Edukacja i Technika Ratownictwa, ISBN 978-83-88777-29-5, pp. 353 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 33 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 15 Dubai Dubai is the emirate's capital of the same name and the largest city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) on the Persian Gulf (more than 3.5 million inhabitants). Figures regarding fire causes from Dubai are available for the years 2016-2021. Table 15-1: Fire Causes in Dubai22 Fire causes, Dubai 2016 2017 2018 ... 2020 2021 Sum % Cumulation, % Fire expert is not informed 92 282 211 ... 245 217 1,264 62,4 62.4 Electric spark 72 64 45 ... 48 67 341 16,8 79.2 Unspecified 15 19 15 ... 17 15 103 5,1 84.3 Cigarette 21 13 14 ... 13 20 89 4,4 88.7 Other reasons 6 10 6 ... 10 12 52 2,6 91.3 Inflammation 11 9 9 ... 6 6 51 2,5 93.8 Heat source 6 9 5 ... 4 8 37 1,8 95.6 Left cooking pot 5 2 4 ... 3 5 25 1,2 96.8 Flying sparks 4 4 3 ... 6 3 23 1,1 98.0 Burning candle 2 3 6 ... 2 3 19 0,9 98.9 Leakage of fuel, oil, gas 6 1 3 ... 2 2 15 0,7 99.7 Matchstick 1 3 1... 6 0,3 100.0 Mechanical fault Total 0 1 0... 1 0,0 241 420 322 ... 356 358 2,026 100 100.0 The figures are published as "Fire Accidents by Reasons." Other reasons include intentional fires, leaving the censer, the futility of children, and others (Table 151). 22 Statistical Yearbook Dubai 2018 -2021, Source: Directorate of Civil Defense - Dubai _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 34 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 16 Egypt Figures from Egypt are available for the years 2017-2021 (Table 16-1). A closer look at the causes of the fire reveals that these are a mixture of fire objects and fire causes. Especially for the term "industrial fires," the question must be asked what is hidden behind this wording regarding fire causes? Table 16-1: Fire Causes in Egypt23 Fire Causes (Egypt) 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Sum % Cumulation, % Industrial fires 28,020 7,098 30,039 29,491 27,356 142,004 57.7 57.7 Short circuit or 7,623 8,933 9,359 10,576 10,863 47,354 19.2 76.9 frictional spark Selfignition 4,799 4,687 5,209 6,340 6,910 27,945 11.4 88.3 Fireplaces, stoves, and 2,816 3,108 3,439 2,594 2,959 14,916 6.1 94.3 boilers Gas fires 1,987 2,198 2,221 2,804 3,237 12,447 5.1 99.4 Petrol fires and flammable 410 299 395 158 208 1,470 0.6 100.0 liquids Total 45,655 46,323 50,662 51,963 51,533 246,136 100 23 The Annual Report of Fire Accidents in Egypt 2021, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, Arab Republic of Egypt _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 35 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 17 Estonia Table 17-1: Fire Causes in Estonia24 Building Fire Causes, including chimney fires (Estonia, 2021, source: CTIF) Other causes Usage of open fire Faulty in electricity system(s) Usage of heating system(s) Smoking Arson Faulty in electricity Unknown causes Total Fires % Cumulation, % 490 41.0 188 15.7 142 11.9 90 7.5 90 7.5 82 6.9 71 5.9 42 3.5 1,195 100 41.0 56.7 68.6 76.2 83.7 90.5 96.5 100.0 For Estonia, figures are available for building fires, including chimney fires. However, the high proportion of "other causes" is striking (Table 17-1). 18 Fiji Table 18-1: Fire Causes in Fiji25 Causes of Structural Fires (Fiji, 2010) Fires Electrical 81 Unattended cooking 36 Incendiary (arson, suspicious) 31 Undetermined 18 Matches 15 Uncontrolled burning/accidental 14 Prayer Diya 9 Mosquito coil 7 Lit Candle 5 Kerosene lantern 0 Total Structure Fires 216 % Cumulation, % 37.5 37.5 16.7 54.2 14.4 68.5 8.3 76.9 6.9 83.8 6.5 90.3 4.2 94.4 3.2 97.7 2.3 100.0 0.0 100.0 100 Three causes account for almost 70%of all fires (Table 18-1). 24 CTIF Center of Fire Statistics, Survey of the Member States 2022-2023. 25 Fiji Fire Service _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 36 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 19 Finland For Finland, figures are available for more than 12,000 fires in 2021. The high proportion of "other causes" is striking (Table 19-1). Table 19-1: Fire Causes in Finland26 Fire Causes (Finland, 2021, source: CTIF) Other Machine failure or malfunction Unable to estimate Arson Fault or installation failure in electrical equipment Carelessness while cooking Smoking Fire of garbage, stick, rubbish, etc. Total Fires % 5,096 41.6 1,801 14.7 1,328 10.8 1,222 10.0 1,126 9.2 597 4.9 588 4.8 487 4.0 12,245 100 Cumulation, % 41.6 56.3 67.2 77.1 86.3 91.2 96.0 100.0 26 CTIF Center of Fire Statistics, Survey of the Member States 2022-2023. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 37 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 20 Ghana In general, it can be said that little is known about the causes of fires in African states. The reasons for this are to be found in the fact that modern fire brigade systems have only been under construction since the 1960s, and this can undoubtedly be seen in the industrial development of the countries that began at that time. For Ghana, it is known that the National Fire and Rescue Service was established in 1963 and reorganized by law in 1997. The same thing probably happened again in 2003. Eighteen thousand employees will be deployed at 140 fire stations and operations centers. 27 Ghana currently has 33 million inhabitants and an area of 238,537 km. A tropical climate characterizes the country. Up-to-date information is only available from publications of national newspapers and specialist articles. Table 20-1 illustrates an example for the years 2007-2013. Table 20-1: Fire Causes in Ghana28 Fire Causes, Ghana 2007 2008 ... 2012 2013 Sum % Cumulation, % Domestic 1,354 1,267 ... 2,040 2,063 10,355 40.4 40.4 Industrial 271 323 ... 662 757 3,156 12.3 52.7 Vehicular 511 512 ... 555 635 3,127 12.2 64.9 Institutional 370 463 ... 559 653 2,867 11.2 76.1 Electrical 277 277 ... 454 534 2,422 9.4 85.5 Commercial 233 213 ... 459 594 2,263 8.8 94.4 Bush 130 128 ... 153 161 870 3.4 97.8 Others 52 66 ... 113 94 571 2.2 100.0 Total 3,198 3,249 ... 4,995 5,491 25,631 100 On closer inspection, the causes of fire listed in the table are a mixture of fire objects and fire causes. Therefore, only "electrical causes" can be identified. In the national media, issues of fire safety in the country are discussed. We add below some original passages from statements about fire safety in the media29: According to Ghana National Fire Service, the general rate of fire incidence increases each year. This increase was attributed to several factors: population growth and industrialization, unstable electricity, urbanization, negligence, and illegal electrical connection. It categorizes fire outbreaks into domestic, industrial, vehicular, institutional, electrical, commercial, and bush. Among these, domestic 27 https://www.gnfs.gov.gh/new/ 28Addai EK, et al., Trend of Fire Outbreaks in Ghana and Ways to Prevent These Incidents, Safety and Health at Work (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2016.02.004. 29 https://newsghana.com.gh/ghanas-surging-fire-incidents-review-of-ghana-national-fire-service/ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 38 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ fire averagely accounts for about 41% of the total number of fire incidents in the country. In Ghana, significant causes of fire outbreaks have been electrical problems resulting from faulty wiring and misuse of electrical gadgets. Electrical faults originate from poorly designed and poorly constructed electrical circuits, and interestingly most electrical wiring found in many domestic buildings in Ghana is designed by local artisans with little or no knowledge of electrical circuit design. Improper electrical fittings, use of substandard electrical materials, overloading of electrical appliances on the same fuse, defective generators, power fluctuations resulting from frequent power outages, and illegal tapping of electricity from national grid lead to fire outbreaks, including naked flames as a result of cooking with kerosene stoves, electric cookers, gas cookers, and coal pots, or use of lighting devices such as candles and lanterns and lighted mosquito coils. As a rule, this information is published without giving any figures. However, the Table 20-2 outlines the causes of fires in three of the country's major metropolitan areas. Table 20-2: Fire Causes in Ghana Metropolitan Areas (2003-2009)30 Fire Causes in 3 Ghana Metropolitan Areas Cooking Smoking Others Electrical Candle Total Accra, % 10 10 10 45 25 100 Kumasi, % 12 10 13 50 15 100 Tema, % 10 5 15 40 30 100 It can be seen without difficulty that electricity is the leading cause of fire in the three regions mentioned. 2010-2021, the Ghana National Fire Service registered 47,845 fires nationwide, resulting in 444 fire deaths. 30Ayarkwa A.J., Danso A.K., Adinyra E.: Incidence of domestic Fire outbreaks in three Cities in Ghana: Causes and Prevention, The Ghana Surveyor. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 39 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 21 Gibraltar Table 21-1 lists the causes of fires for the period 2003-2005. Five fire causes account for 60% of all fires. For every 11-th fire, the cause could not be determined. Table 21-1: Fire Causes in Gibraltar (2003-2005)31 Fire Causes, Gibraltar, source: Humanity and Fires Fires Cooking, barbecue, etc. 68 Electricity 65 Accidents caused by people 58 Unknown causes 58 Smoking 57 Others 52 Suspected arson 43 Children playing with fire 36 Motor vehicles 30 Electrical cables 27 Overheated materials 16 Total 510 % Cumulation, % 13.3 13.3 12.7 26.1 11.4 37.5 11.4 48.8 11.2 60.0 10.2 70.2 8.4 78.6 7.1 85.7 5.9 91.6 5.3 96.9 3.1 100.0 100 22 Greece Table 22-1: Fire Causes in Greece32 Causes of Fire (Greece, 2021, source: CTIF) Unknown causes Other causes Smoking residues Open flames Short circuits Soot ignition Negligence Incandescent surfaces Total Fires 14,169 1,278 1,207 779 567 487 459 434 19,380 % Cumulation, % 73.1 73.1 6.6 79.7 6.2 85.9 4.0 90.0 2.9 92.9 2.5 95.4 2.4 97.8 2.2 100.0 100 31 Bruschlinsky, Sokolov, Wagner: Humanity and Fires (2010), Fundacja Edukacja i Technika Ratownictwa, ISBN 978-83-88777-29-5, pp. 353 32 CTIF Center of Fire Statistics, Survey of the Member States 2022-2023. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 40 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Almost 80% of all causes are unknown or can only be assigned to other reasons (Table 22-1). 23 Germany (Part 1) Germany does not have uniform national fire statistics. The investigation of the causes of the fire is the responsibility of the local police authorities. Table 23-1 is an estimate. The figures are based on 1,500 fire-cause investigations conducted annually. The statistics were compiled by a private Institute for Loss Prevention and Loss Research of Public Insurers. Table 23-1: Fire Causes in Germany33 Fire Causes Germany, Estimation Electricity Human Misconduct Other, unknown Overheating Arson Flammable work Open fire Selfignition Lightning strike Explosion Open fire Total 20022017, % 32.0 17.0 19.7 9.0 9.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 0.3 2.0 3.0 100 Table 23-2: Fire Causes in Germany34 Cumulation, % 32.0 49.0 68.7 77.7 86.7 89.7 92.7 94.7 95.0 97.0 100.0 Fire Causes Germany, Estimation Electricity Human misconduct Other, unknown Overheating Arson Flammable work Selfignition Explosion Open fire Total 2022, % 32 21 19 10 9 3 2 2 2 100 Cumulation, % 32 53 72 82 91 94 96 98 100 33 1500 Brandursachenermittlungen pro Jahr, Institut fr Schadenverhtung und Schadenforschung der ffentlichen Versicherer, https://www.ifs-ev.org/ 34 https://brandschutz-zentrale.de/wissen/einsatz/die-5-haeufigsten-brandursachen/ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 41 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Similar statements are made in another source. For example, the Table 23-2 illustrates that electricity and human error are identified for just over half of all fires. Also, in this overview, "other, unknown" causes of fire account for almost 20% of all registered case numbers. Table 23-3: Fire Causes in Germany (1905)35 Fire Causes, Germany (1905, large cities) Fires % Cumulation, % Unknown causes 3,069 25.3 25.3 Negligence 3,030 24.9 50.2 Chimneys 1,619 13.3 63.5 Other causes 1,418 11.7 75.2 Playing with matches 511 4.2 79.4 Faulty combustion systems 471 3.9 83.3 Selfignition 397 3.3 86.6 Explosion 322 2.7 89.2 Faulty structural systems 278 2.3 91.5 Created by the operation 261 2.1 93.6 Flying fire 240 2.0 95.6 Arson 182 1.5 97.1 Faulty lighting systems 171 1.4 98.5 Electrical short circuit 108 0.9 99.4 Lightning strike 54 0.4 99.9 Faulty operating systems 18 0.1 100.0 Total 12,149 100 Table 23-4: Fire Brigades in German cities (1905) German Cities with ... Fire brigades % Cumulation, % Professional and volunteer fire brigade 25 44.6 44.6 Professional fire brigade 11 19.6 64.3 Professional, compulsory, and voluntary fire brigade 9 16.1 80.4 Compulsory and volunteer fire brigade 5 8.9 89.3 Professional and compulsory fire brigade 4 7.1 96.4 Volunteer firefighter 2 3.6 100.0 Total 56 100 We also cite statistics from 1905 (Table 23-3, and 23-4). A statistical survey of major German cities showed that a quarter of all causes of fires in cities could not be determined. The causes of "negligence," "chimneys," and "other causes" 35 Statistisches Jahrbuch Deutscher Stdte, 15. Jahrgang _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 42 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ account for around 50% of all fires. All other known causes of fire are represented with single-digit values. 24 Germany (Part 2) - State of North Rhine-Westphalia For some regions in Germany, far more extensive statistics can be obtained. Using the example of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), this can be shown in great detail below. Table 24-1 shows the causes of fires from 2003 to 2009. First, it is noticeable that the unknown reasons for fire occupy almost 59% of all cases. That is followed by "Negligence" (11.5%) in 2nd place and "Deliberate arson" (10.7%) in 3rd place. For all other known causes of fire, the proportions are in the singledigit range. Table 24-1: Fire Causes in North Rhine-Westphalia36 Fire Causes, NRW 2003 ... 2009 Sum % Unknown causes 27,260 ... 22,383 162,880 58.4 Negligence 5,397 ... 4,468 31,947 11.5 Deliberate arson 5,165 ... 3,885 29,893 10.7 Other sources of fire, light, heat 2,973 ... 2,818 19,054 6.8 Electricity 2,041 ... 2,015 14,090 5.1 Operational, mechanical defects 1,952 ... 1,966 12,805 4.6 Selfignition 813 ... 536 4,417 1.6 Structural defects 258 ... 355 2,085 0.7 Lightning strike 208 ... 156 1,306 0.5 Explosion 76 .. 44 473 0.2 Total 46,143 ... 38,626 278,950 100 Cumulation, % 58.4 69.8 80.6 87.4 92.4 97.0 98.6 99.4 99.8 100.0 The sources used here allow a reconstruction of the fire scene in NRW from 1952 to 2010 or 2012. The first of Figure 24-1 show the distribution of fires among the fire objects. The fire objects of this period were grouped into the following groups: Residential buildings, administration and office buildings, agricultural property, industrial facilities, commercial establishments, Theatre/cinema/meeting rooms, vehicles, forest/heath/moor, and other fire objects. Even though there are no figures for some of the 1960s, an evident trend is emerging. Residential buildings and other fire objects are subject to a steady increase. Then only for the group "vehicles," a boost up to the 1990s is recognizable. 36 Statistisches Jahrbuch Nordrhein-Westfalen 1962-2015 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 43 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Number of Fires 20000 Fire Objects, North RhineWestphalia (Germany, 19522012) 18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 1952 1957 1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012 Residential buildings Theatre. Cinema, meeting rooms Administration and office buildings Vehicles Agricultural property Forest, heath, moor Industrial facilities Other fire objects Commercial establishments Figure 24-1: Fire Objects, North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany, 1952-2012)37 Fire Causes, North RhineWestphalia (Germany, 19522012) 30000 25000 Number of Fires 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 1952 1957 Lghtning strike Electricity 1962 1967 1972 Selfignition Other sources of fire, light and heat 1977 1982 Explosion Deliberate arson 1987 1992 Structural defects Negligence 1997 2002 2007 Operational and mechanical defects Unknown causes 2012 Figure 24-2: Fire Causes, North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany, 1952-2010) The Figure 24-2 shows the distribution of the causes of fire for the period 1952 to 2010. Among all the fire causes cited, the course of the line for the "unknown causes" attracts special attention. 37 Statistisches Jahrbuch Nordrhein-Westfalen 1962-2015, and Gefahrenabwehr in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Jahresbericht 2003-2020 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 44 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 25 Hungary For Hungary, the causes of the fire are only available in the form of a random sample. According to this, 44% are "open fires/flames." Another 23% can be identified as unknown causes, and around 75 of the fires are caused by electricity (Table 25-1). Table 25-1: Fire Causes in Hungary38 Causes of Fire (Hungary, 2021, source: CTIF) Fires Open flame 304 Unknown causes 157 Electrical energy 75 Heating equipment 40 Smoking 36 Vehicles, selfignition, others 32 Technological error 25 Explosion 17 Total 686 % Cumulation, % 44.3 44.3 22.9 67.2 10.9 78.1 5.8 84.0 5.2 89.2 4.7 93.9 3.6 97.5 2.5 100.0 100 26 India Under the title "Short circuit is the cause of most fires in Mumbai, shows data," an Indian source publishes a fascinating assessment of the fire situation in India using the example of Mumbai. Below we reproduce the text in the original39: "Fire brigade officials said Saturday's fire at Tardeo's Sachinam Heights was most likely caused by a short circuit in the electrical duct, and it spread since the firefighting equipment was not functional. Short circuits and non-functional firefighting systems have become a deadly combination for fires in the city, especially in high-rises in the recent past. A majority of fires breaking out in Mumbai have been due to short circuits, and casualties have been high as firefighting systems remain non-functional. According to data received by activist Shakeel Ahmed Shaikh under the RTI Act, 57,540 fires have broken out in Mumbai between 2008 and 2020. In 2020, a total of 3,841 fire accidents killed 33 people and injured 99. 1,568 fires have been reported in high-rises between 2008 and 2018. Data also shows the cause of most fires is short circuits, followed by gas cylinder leaks or blasts; also, more fires have broken out in residential buildings 38 CTIF Center of Fire Statistics, Survey of the Member States 2022-2023. 39Times of India Jan 23, 2022, https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/short-circuit-is-cause-of-most-fires- shows-data/articleshowprint/89066561.cms _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 45 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ than commercial buildings (8,737 as against 3,833 in commercial buildings). A total of 680 people have died in the fires, 247 of them men, 248 women and 29 children. Property worth over Rs 90 crore was damaged in the fires in 12 years. There were reports of 3,151 fires in slums. The cause of 32,516 fires was short circuits. And 1,116 fires broke out due to gas cylinder leakage and 11,889 due to other reasons. In November last year, the fire at Currey Road's One Avighna Park was caused by a short circuit in the electronic video doorbell of the apartment and spread rapidly into the flat due to the wooden empanelment on the walls, the fire brigade's preliminary investigation had revealed." Why did we quote this article in this way? The reason is that India is the only large country in the world unwilling to cooperate with CTIF. Not a single request by email, post, or telephone was ever noted, let alone provided with an answer. Only a personal contact of a team member of the CFS of CTIF after a visit to India (Delhi, Agra) some years ago led to the exchange of data between CTIF and the Fire Protection Association of India. In the Table 26-1, we summarize the data collected by the CTIF-CFS team regarding the causes of fires in the Indian capital of New Delhi. Table 26-1: Fire Causes in New Delhi40 Fire Cause, New Delhi Electricity short circuit Carelessness Miscellaneous Naked flame Intentional Spark m/heat Unknown Fireworks Incendiarism Radiation Spontaneous Children playing with fire Lighting Total 199394 5,848 1,701 308 105 75 156 138 139 45 10 13 6 6 8,550 199495 6,473 1,728 504 133 986 258 184 146 16 4 1 2 0 10,435 199596 10,959 2,860 117 715 83 269 232 262 58 4 5 2 3 15,569 199697 7,433 1,896 356 351 121 203 181 198 22 1 0 1 1 10,764 199798 7,268 1,466 387 288 109 160 166 59 16 0 0 0 0 9,919 Sum 37,981 9,651 1,672 1,592 1,374 1,046 901 804 157 19 19 11 10 55,237 % 68.76 17.47 3.03 2.88 2.49 1.89 1.63 1.46 0.28 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 100 Cumulation, % 68.8 86.2 89.3 92.1 94.6 96.5 98.2 99.6 99.9 99.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 For the period 1993-1994 till 1997-1998, the causes of the fire in the Indian capital are known. A total of 13 different reasons are listed. The range of shares is between 68.76% and 0.02%. The definitive cause of the fire is an "electricity short 40 Fire Protection Association of India. Informal data exchange. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 46 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ circuit," with almost 69%. That is followed by "carelessness," with a significant share of 17%. All other causes disappear with a single-digit proportion in the statistical noise. 27 Indonesia Nationally uniform fire statistics, i.e., statistics on the causes of fires, are not yet known. Efforts to set up mechanisms for unifying the fire report system in Indonesia were conducted in 2007-2008 by the Directorate of Disaster Mitigation of the Ministry of Home Affairs but was not continued since then. As an example, the figures for two metropolitan governments in Indonesia can be cited from the used publication: Surabaya is the capital of Jawa Timur Province in Indonesia (the year 2021, 335 km2, 2.9 mln. Inhabitants), Table 27-1. Jakarta is the capital of the Republic of Indonesia (year 2021, 661 km2, 10.6 mln. Inhabitants), Table 27-2). Table 27-1: Fire Causes in Surabaya, Indonesia (2002-2008)41 Fire causes, Surabaya 2002 2003 2004 ... 2006 2007 2008 Sum % Cumulation, % Others 228 206 159 ... 56 116 66 984 43.8 43.8 Stove 107 25 60 ... 176 102 187 714 31.8 75.6 Electricity 70 47 39 ... 89 62 92 440 19.6 95.1 Light 12 15 4 ... 23 8 6 78 3.5 98.6 Cigar 9 1 13 ... 0 1 1 31 1.4 100.0 Total 426 294 275 ... 344 289 352 2,247 100 Fire deaths 5 5 5 ... 0 0 0 16 Fire injuries 5 2 73 ... 0 0 0 80 For both cities, exactly five understandable causes of fire are described. The other causes include bun-off grass, rubbish fires, welding torch fires, fireworks, children playing with matches, inappropriate vehicle fuel-filling methods, and other unidentified open fires significant for both cities. 41 Suprapto: "Glancing at Trend and Challenges of Fire Safety in Indonesia," The Indonesian Fire Protection Association, Fire Science and Technology Vol.31 No.3 (Special Issue) (2012) 107-118. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 47 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 27-2: Fire Causes in Jakarta, Indonesia (2002-2008)42 Fire causes, Jakarta Electricity Others Stove Cigar Light Total Fire deaths Fire injuries 2002 397 297 89 79 7 869 23 34 2003 463 255 82 84 4 888 39 245 2004 456 214 83 44 8 805 29 83 ... 2006 2007 2008 Sum % ... 519 469 475 3,237 55.0 ... 227 220 193 1,567 26.6 ... 92 94 83 591 10.0 ... 58 44 49 400 6.8 ... 6 28 20 86 1.5 ... 902 855 820 5,881 100 ... 17 15 15 175 ... 85 63 59 604 Cumulation, % 55.0 81.7 91.7 98.5 100.0 28 Iran (Tehran) Nationally uniform fire statistics, i.e., statistics on the causes of fires, are not yet known. For this reason, we can only refer to the IFCAA statistics for the causes of the fires. Table 28-1 shows the primary fire causes for Tehran. In addition, the same cause is cited as the leading cause of fire in the years mentioned. Table 28-1: Fire Causes in Tehran, Iran (2015-2020)43 Fire cause 1st Fire cause 2nd Fire cause 3rd Fire cause 4th Fire cause 5th 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Throwing Burning Objects on Flammable Materials Abandoned discarded materials Falling Burning Objects on Flammable Materials Waste materials Arson Carelessness Electrical Failure Matches Rubbish Car Electrical System Failure Lighting Fire by Addicts Table 28-2: Fire situation in Tehran, Iran (2015-2020)44 Total fires Fire Deaths Fire Injuries 2015 22,197 14 423 2016 24,731 17 432 2017 26,953 26 460 2018 23,404 20 459 2019 26,823 26 517 2020 29,433 50 544 Table 28-2 illustrates the key figures on the fire situation in Iran's 14 million metropolises. 42 Ditto. 43 IFCAA-Statistics. 44 Ditto. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 48 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 29 Ireland Table 29-1: Fire Causes in Ireland45 Fire Causes Ireland 2020 2021 Sum % Unknown Causes 6,076 5,720 11,796 51.6 Chimneys/Flues/Soot/Hot Ashes 2,180 2,066 4,246 18.6 Malicious 1,079 1,023 2,102 9.2 Rubbish Burning 1,023 770 1,793 7.8 Other Suspected Causes 696 418 1,114 4.9 Cooking and Heating 246 234 480 2.1 Electrical Equipment 192 192 384 1.7 Other Equipment 180 104 284 1.2 Electrical Wiring Installations 127 115 242 1.1 Smoking Materials 130 93 223 1.0 Matches/ Cigarette Lighters 72 80 152 0.7 Using Fuels to Kindle Fires 16 15 31 0.1 Explosions 2 16 18 0.1 Total 12,019 10,846 22,865 100 Cumulation, % 51.6 70.2 79.4 87.2 92.1 94.2 95.8 97.1 98.1 99.1 99.8 99.9 100.0 Ireland's fire cause statistics for 2020 and 2021 show the following picture (Table 29-1). Although the data for Dublin City Council are not recorded, slightly more of all fires are caused by the cause "unknown." Among the known causes, "Chimneys/Flues/Soot/Hot Ashes" are represented in the statistics with almost 19%. Essential are the reasons for "malicious" and "rubbish burning." The remaining causes of fire are in the clear single-digit range. 45 https://www.gov.ie/en/collection/4c5e7-fire-fatality-statistics/ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 49 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 30 Israel The two available statistics from Israel paint a contradictory picture. The first source cites electricity as the leading cause of the fire (Table 30-1). But, on the other hand, the second source shows that unknown reasons dominate, while electricity hardly seems to play a role (Table 30-2). Table 30-1: Fire Causes in Israel (2005-2006)46 Fire Causes, Israel, source: IFCAA Fire cause 1st Fire cause 2nd Fire cause 3rd Fire cause 4th Fire cause 5th 20052006 Electricity Smoking Arson Playing Fire Not available Table 30-2: Fire Causes in Israel (2000)47 Fire Causes, Israel, source: Humanity and Fires Unknown Others Arson Children playing with fire Controlled fires Electrical failure Total Building fires, % 82.0 9.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 100 Cumulation, % 82.0 91.0 94.0 97.0 99.0 100.0 46 Tseng, W., Chien, S. and Shen, T., 2008. Comparative Analysis of Taiwan Fire Risk with Asia/Oceania Countries and Other Countries around the World. Fire Safety Science 9: 981-990. doi:10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.9-981, IAFSS Symposium 9. 47 Bruschlinsky, Sokolov, Wagner: Humanity and Fires (2010), Fundacja Edukacja i Technika Ratownictwa, ISBN 978-83-88777-29-5, pp. 353 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 50 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 31 Italy Table 31-1: Fire Causes in Italy (2018)48 Fire Causes, Italy, 2018 Cause provoking need of Rescue of Persons Cause of accident of transportation means and vehicles Cause of fire ignition Malicious / Intentional Causes Not being possible to evaluate Causes of other types of intervention Investigation ongoing Detail of the Cause Not being possible to evaluate Lack of attention Chimney and/or oven ducts Cigarette butts and matches Electrical causes Fault on heating production plants Fireworks Glitter from friction of mechanical parts Household appliances Lack of safety and cautioned measures of management Lighting Other Overheating of engines and machines Selfcombustion Probably faultoriginated causes Probably malicious/intentional Not being possible to evaluate Bad working of plants and or machinery General lack of attention Others Overseen causes Total Fires % 1,299 0.4 424 0.1 13,101 4.0 6,499 2.0 11,796 3.6 333 0.1 361 0.1 650 0.2 1,025 0.3 1,612 0.5 579 0.2 20,547 6.3 1,470 0.5 1,784 0.5 2,790 0.9 13,129 4.0 202,480 62.1 927 0.3 2,356 0.7 6,870 2.1 3,429 1.1 29,569 9.1 323,030 99,1 Table 31-1 shows that 62% of all fire causes could not be determined. Among the known reasons, "Chimney and/or oven ducts" (4%), "Cigarette butts and matches" (2%), and "Electrical causes (3.6%) have the comparatively most significant shares. Table 31-2 was taken from another source, but it refers to the official reports of the National Fire Service. Also, in this overview, the unknown causes dominate with almost 62%. Arson is cited as the cause with around 5%, while electrical causes are not identified. 48 Ministero dell'Interno, "Statistical yearbook of the Italian National Fire Birgades," 2018. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 51 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 31-2: Fire Causes in Italy (2018)49 Fire Causes, Italy, source: Humanity and Fires Unknown Real fire causes Arson Other causes Not considered Vehicles Accidents Assistance service for people Meteorological causes Total % (2000, 2003, 2006) 61.8 27.6 4.9 2.6 2.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 100,0 Cumulation, % 61.8 89.4 94.3 96.9 99.4 99.7 99.8 99.9 100.0 Finally, we show the Table 31-3 with a sample of 60,000 fires analyzed in 2000, 2003, and 2006. Again, electricity ranks first with 21%. That is followed by the causes of "chimneys, other fireplaces" and "self-combustion," with 15% each. All other known fire causes appear to be in the clear single-digit range. It is also striking that all other known causes account for 32% of all fires examined. Table 31-3: Fire Causes in Italy, sample (2000, 2003, 2006)50 Fire Causes, Italy, source: Humanity and Fires Other causes Electrical causes Chimneys, other fireplaces Selfcombustion Sparks Cigarettes, matches Lightning stroke Vehicles and motors Other known causes Total (n=60,000 fires!) % (2000, 2003, 2006) 32.0 21.0 15.0 15.0 7.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.0 100 Cumulation, % 32.0 53.0 68.0 83.0 90.0 93.0 96.0 99.0 100.0 49 Bruschlinsky, Sokolov, Wagner: Humanity and Fires (2010), Fundacja Edukacja i Technika Ratownictwa, ISBN 978-83-88777-29-5, pp. 353. 50 Ditto. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 52 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 32 Japan For Japan, the causes of the fire are available according to three different detection methods. Table 32-1 lists "Arson & Suspicious" as the most significant cause of the fire. Table 32-1: Fire Causes in Japan51 Fire Causes, Japan, source: IFCAA Fire cause 1st Fire cause 2nd Fire cause 3rd Fire cause 4th Fire cause 5th Table 32-2: Fire Causes in Japan52 20052006 Arson & Suspicious Cooking Stove Smoking Bonfire Stove Fire Causes (Japan) Other causes Arson Smoking Small kitchen furnaces Bonfires Suspected arson Kindling Wiring of electric lights, telephones Electric machinery and appliances Stoves Wiring appliances Playing with fire Exhaust pipes Matches and lighters Electric equipment Lighting Wiring for transport facilities Total 2010 2015 2018 2019 Sum % 14,523 13,248 13,060 13,056 53,887 33.4 5,612 4,033 2,784 2,757 15,186 9.4 4,475 3,638 3,414 3,581 15,108 9.4 4,694 3,497 2,852 2,918 13,961 8.7 2,515 2,305 3,095 2,930 10,845 6.7 3,939 2,469 1,977 1,810 10,195 6.3 1,033 1,343 1,856 1,758 5,990 3.7 1,362 1,341 1,642 1,576 5,921 3.7 936 1,104 1,405 1,633 5,078 3.1 1,469 1,228 1,197 1,144 5,038 3.1 1,143 1,160 1,297 1,352 4,952 3.1 1,678 752 460 424 3,314 2.1 700 722 725 705 2,852 1.8 822 730 641 567 2,760 1.7 676 627 732 669 2,704 1.7 535 462 444 427 1,868 1.2 508 452 400 376 1,736 1.1 46,620 39,111 37,981 37,683 161,395 100 Cumulation, % 33.4 42.8 52.2 60.8 67.5 73.8 77.6 81.2 84.4 87.5 90.6 92.6 94.4 96.1 97.8 98.9 100.0 51 Tseng, W., Chien, S. and Shen, T., 2008. Comparative Analysis of Taiwan Fire Risk with Asia/Oceania Countries and Other Countries around the World. Fire Safety Science 9: 981-990. doi:10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.9-981, IAFSS Symposium 9. 52 Fire and Disaster Management Agency, and Japan Statistical Yearbook 2022. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 53 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 32-2 lists arson, smoking, and small kitchen furnaces as the three known fire causes with the comparatively highest proportions. Looking at arson (9.4%) and Suspected arson (6.3%) combined, the cause tops the marginal list of known causes of fire. Table 32-3: Fire Causes in Japan53 Fire Causes (Japan, 2021, source: CTIF) Other causes Unknown causes Smoking Bonfire Gus stove Arson Electric device Field burning Total Fires 16,652 4,297 3,042 2,764 2,678 2,333 1,816 1,640 35,222 % Cumulation. % 47.3 47.3 12.2 59.5 8.6 68.1 7.8 76.0 7.6 83.6 6.6 90.2 5.2 95.3 4.7 100.0 100 Table 32-3, with the indication of the causes of fires from 2021, is based on the survey of the CTIF-member states. Other reasons (i.e., the sum of many unspecified causes in the clear single-digit range) are in 1st place in the ranking. Together with the unknown causes, the total causes of fire are almost 60% of all cases. The proportionately most significant cause of the fire is "smoking" with nearly 9%. All other known reasons are in the clear single-digit range. 53 CTIF Center of Fire Statistics, Survey of the Member States 2022-2023. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 54 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 33 Jersey Jersey is the largest Channel Islands, between England and France. About 100,000 inhabitants live on around 119 km2. The Annual Review of the local fire department describes the island's fire situation. Among the home fires, 45% of the fires are in "cooking/kitchen." That is followed by electricity (25%) as the cause of fire in 2nd place (Table 33-1). Table 33-1: Fire Causes in Jersey54 Fire Causes (Home fires), Jersey Cooking / kitchen Electrics, appliances, and mechanical Others Candles / tea lights Smoking materials Chimney, flue, and open fires Total 2014 (%) 45 25 13 8 8 1 100 Cumulation (%) 45 70 83 91 99 100 Table 33-2 illustrates the distribution of fire causes between public and commercial premises. The two most common causes are arson and electricity, accounting for 55% of all cases. Table 33-2: Fire Causes in Jersey55 Fire Causes (Public and commercial premises), Jersey Arson Electrical Faults Housekeeping / Lack of Maintenance Unidentified Smokers' Materials Cooking / Kitchen Deliberate (Good Intent) Total 2014 (%) 35.0 20.0 17.5 15.0 5.0 5.0 2.5 100 Cumulation (%) 35.0 55.0 72.5 87.5 92.5 97.5 100.0 54 State of Jersey: Jersey Fire and Rescue Service, Service Annual Review 2014. 55 Ditto. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 55 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 34 Jordan In 1996-2004, 50% of all fires were caused by "children playing with fire" and "arson" (Table 34-1). Table 34-1: Fire Causes in Jordan56 Fire Causes, Jordan, source: Humanity and Fires Children playing with fire Arson Smoking Electrical wiring and equipment Carelessness Gas leakage Miscellaneous Heaters Car accidents Friction Cutting and welding sparks Negligence Spontaneous combustion Total 19962004, % 31.0 19.0 15.0 13.0 8.0 5.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 100 Cumulation, % 31.0 50.0 65.0 78.0 86.0 91.0 94.0 96.0 97.0 98.0 99.0 99.5 100.0 Figures from 2012-2014, Table 34-2, show that just over 40% of all fires were caused by "electricity. This is followed by the causes of "arson" and "children's carelessness." Table 34-2: Fire Causes in Jordan57 Fire Causes, Home fires, Jordan, % Electrical wiring and equipment Arson Children carelessness Gas leak Negligence Heaters Smoking Others Total 2012 43.7 18.4 12.8 7.5 10.9 2.7 1.3 2.7 100 2013 43.9 20.2 12.9 7.2 9.4 2.2 0.8 3.4 100 2014 42.9 22.9 10.8 8.9 8.5 1.4 0.8 3.8 100 56 CTIF Center of Fire Statistics, Survey of the Member States 2022-2023. 57 Sweis, F. K. (2020). Assessment of Fire Incidents in Jordan (2008-2014). International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigations (IJSEI), 9(102), 48-53, http://www.ijsei.com/papers/ijsei-910220-06.pd. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 56 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 35 Kazakhstan For Central Asian Kazakhstan, the Table 35-1 shows detailed cause statistics. In addition to the number of fires, the relative number of victims and the proportion of the extent of the damage are assigned to each cause of the fire. Table 35-1: Fire Causes in Kazakhstan concerning the number of fires (F), number of fire deaths (D), and fire damage (M) 58 Fire Causes, Kazakhstan (2014) Set arson Technological process, malfunction of production equipment Violation of the rules for the installation and technical operation of electrical equipment Violation of fire safety rules during the operation of household electrical appliances Violation of the fire safety rules during the construction and operation of heatgenerating installations Violation of fire safety rules during the construction and operation of stoves Violation of fire safety rules in the production of electric welding and other hot work Violation of fire safety rules when operating household gas appliances Careless handling of fire Children playing with fire Spontaneous combustion of substances and materials Direct lightning strikes or their secondary effects Unspecified causes Other causes of fires Total Social factor (S) Technogenic, Social factor (T, S) Natural factor (N) Total F 1,796 70 3,444 369 22 1,949 159 174 5,598 571 172 346 94 359 15,123 F, % D, % M, % Factor 11.9 2.7 17.3 S 0.5 0.0 0.7 T, S 22.8 5.4 31.9 T, S 2.4 3.6 3.0 T, S 0.1 0.0 0.2 T, S 12.9 4.5 10.9 T, S 1.1 0.0 0.5 T, S 1.2 0.0 1.6 T, S 37.0 38.7 24.3 S 3.8 2.3 1.8 S 1.1 0.0 0.5 N 2.3 0.0 0.7 N 0.6 5.0 3.7 T, S 2.4 37.8 3.0 T, S 100 100 100 52.7 43.7 43.4 43.9 56.3 55.4 3.4 0.0 1.2 100 100 100 Noteworthy is the summary of causes by category (S, T, N). 58 K.Zh. Raimbekov, A.B. Kusainov: Analysis and assessment of fire risks in the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kokshetau Technical Institute, CoES Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2016. - 67 p.. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 57 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 35-2 summarizes the evaluation of press releases regarding fire causes and victims for 2021. The sources indicate that probably 70% of fires break out in residential areas. Table 35-2: Fire Causes in Kazakhstan 59 Fire Causes, Kazakhstan Installation and operation of electrical equipment Installation and operation of heating equipment Carelessness Others Total Fire deaths Fire injuries Fires 4,236 1,702 3,424 2,894 12,256 413 429 2021, % 34.6 13.9 27.9 23.6 100 36 Kyrgyzstan Table 36-1: Fire Causes in Kyrgyzstan 60 Fire Causes, Kyrgyzstan Electrical equipment, % Heating equipment, % Children playing with fire, % Transportation means vehicles, % Carelessness, % Others, % Total Number of fires Fire deaths Fire injuries Residential fires Note: * - estimation 2016 (JanJun) 25.0 10.8 11.3 9.7 28.7 14.5 100 80 77 2017 27.9 5.2 9.0 2.2 49.5 6.2 100 3,739 66 40 2019 3,955 50 2020 38.6 8.5* 5.0* 2.0* 21.3 24.6 100 2,778 43 2021 (JanNov) 40.4 9.5 6.7 17.0 26.4 100 2,801 33 1,820 There are no official statistics available for Kyrgyzstan. Nevertheless, overviews for 2016 to 2021 could be compiled from the press releases of the Ministry of Disaster Management, which is responsible for fires (Table 36-1). 59 Kazakhstan, Newspaper internet review, www.zakon.kz. 60https://mchs.gov.kg/ru/chislo-pozharov-uvelichilos-na-12-2-po-sravneniyu-s-proshlym-godom/. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 58 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 37 Korea Table 37-1 and 37-2 show the causes of fires in South Korea and the residential sector. The three leading causes are human error, electrical, and unknown, with residential proportions roughly identical to the total number of fires. Table 37-1: Fire Causes in Korea61 Fire Causes in Korea, all fires Human error Electrical Unknown Mechanical Arson, suspicious Others Transportation accident Arson By nature Chemical Gas (explosion) Total Table 37-2: Fire Causes in Korea62 2011 % 20,238 46.1 10,663 24.3 4,375 10.0 4,072 9.3 1,762 4.0 861 2.0 532 1.2 488 1.1 386 0.9 299 0.7 217 0.5 43,893 100 Cumulation, % 46.1 70.4 80.4 89.6 93.7 95.6 96.8 97.9 98.8 99.5 100.0 Fire Causes, Residential structure fires, Korea 2011 % Human error 5,365 50.4 Electrical 2,461 23.1 Unknown 1,216 11.4 Arson, suspicious 525 4.9 Mechanical 463 4.3 Arson 230 2.2 Others 190 1.8 By nature 93 0.9 Gas (explosion) 84 0.8 Chemical 18 0.2 Car Accident 0 0.0 Total 10,645 100 Cumulation, % 50.4 73.5 84.9 89.9 94.2 96.4 98.2 99.0 99.8 100.0 100.0 61Fire Statistics Yearbook 2011 by the National Emergency Management Agency of Korea. 62Ditto. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 59 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 37-3 the five leading causes of fire for the years 2005-2006. Table 37-3: Fire Causes in Korea63 Fire Causes, Korea, source: IFCAA Fire cause 1st Fire cause 2nd Fire cause 3rd Fire cause 4th Fire cause 5th 20052006 Electricity Arson Cigarette Sparks Playing Fire 63Tseng, W., Chien, S. and Shen, T., 2008. Comparative Analysis of Taiwan Fire Risk with Asia/Oceania Countries and Other Countries around the World. Fire Safety Science 9: 981-990. doi:10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.9-981, IAFSS Symposium 9. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 60 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 38 Kuwait Table 38-1: Fire Causes in Kuwait64 Fire Causes (Cause of Ignition), Kuwait Short Circuit Children Playing with Heat Source or Combustibles Arson or Doubtful Discarded Cigarettes and Similar Excessive Electric Load Unattended Cooking Utensil on Gas Cooker Heat Source used or Placed too Close to Combustibles Other Lint or Grease BuildUps Due to Failure to Clean Traffic Accidents (Collision, Overturn, Sliding) Leakage or Spill Over of Flammable Liquid Due to Faulty Device or Instrument Negligence Improper Storage Procedures Not Stated, unknown SelfFlaming Gas Leakage Due to Faulty Device or Instrument Natural Cause Gas Spill Over or Leakage Resulting from Human Fault Chemical Reaction Washing Parts, Cleaning, Shining, and Painting with Flammable Liquid Under Investigation Total 2013 2014 1,554 1,646 799 719 423 464 516 512 234 380 155 140 224 202 210 214 120 124 64 87 92 137 70 62 10 9 101 97 15 12 44 57 3 2 17 26 7 7 3 1 0 1 4,661 4,899 2015 1,681 222 730 288 166 560 2016 1,667 645 409 612 315 185 Sum % Cumulation, % 6,548 32.4 32.4 2,385 11.8 44.2 2,026 10.0 54.3 1,928 9.5 63.8 1,095 5.4 69.2 1,040 5.1 74.4 133 246 805 4.0 78.4 105 191 720 3.6 81.9 298 153 695 3.4 85.4 349 66 566 2.8 88.2 154 165 548 2.7 349 3 484 2.4 291 8 318 1.6 66 17 281 1.4 239 8 274 1.4 9 69 179 0.9 113 2 120 0.6 58 4 105 0.5 36 3 53 0.3 11 3 18 0.1 11 0 12 0.1 5,869 4,771 20,200 100 90.9 93.3 94.8 96.2 97.6 98.5 99.1 99.6 99.9 99.9 100.0 The statistics on the causes of fires in Kuwait for 2013-2016 make it clear that three reasons (short circuit, children playing, arson) account for half of all fires (Table 38-1). 64Statistical Yearbook of Kuwait. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 61 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 38-2 lists the five leading causes of fire for the years 2005-2006. These causes are also at the top of the ranking in the period 2013-2016. Table 38-2: Fire Causes in Kuwait65 Fire Causes, Kuwait, source: IFCAA Fire cause 1st Fire cause 2nd Fire cause 3rd Fire cause 4th Fire cause 5th 20052006 Short Circuit Playing Fire Cigarette Overload Arson/Suspicious 39 Latvia Table 39-1: Fire Causes in Latvia66 Fire Causes (Latvia, 2021, source: CTIF) Careless handling of fire Electrical devices/equipment Heating Intentional burning Other causes Children playing with fire Under investigation Unknown causes Total Fires 4,415 1,283 523 238 221 37 0 0 6,717 % Cumulation, % 65.7 65.7 19.1 84.8 7.8 92.6 3.5 96.2 3.3 99.4 0.6 100.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 100 90% of all fires have three causes. However, it should be noted that State Fire and Rescue Service does not compile statistical data on forest fires' causes (Table 391). 65Tseng, W., Chien, S. and Shen, T., 2008. Comparative Analysis of Taiwan Fire Risk with Asia/Oceania Countries and Other Countries around the World. Fire Safety Science 9: 981-990. doi:10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.9-981, IAFSS Symposium 9. 66CTIF Center of Fire Statistics, Survey of the Member States 2022-2023. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 62 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 40 Lithuania Table 40-1: Fire Causes in Lithuania67 Fire Causes (Lithuania, 2021, source: CTIF) Other causes Outside (secondary) source of ignition Infringements and faults in the installation and operation of stoves, fireplaces, and chimneys Negligent human behavior Failure of electrical equipment, appliances, and electrical installation Electrical faults in vehicles Burning of grass, stubble, and crop waste Investigation of the incident in progress Total Fires 1,935 1,566 1,535 1,377 908 603 374 35 8,333 % Cumulation, % 23.2 23.2 18.8 42.0 18.4 60.4 16.5 77.0 10.9 87.9 7.2 95.1 4.5 99.6 0.4 100.0 100 "Other causes" is the leading cause in Lithuania (Table 40-1). 41 Malaysia The ranking of the fire causes in the Table 41-1 is also given by electrical causes in 2005-2006. At that time, "Unknown causes" and "Others" were still listed in the list of the top 5 national reasons for the fire. Table 41-1: Fire Causes in Malaysia68 Fire Causes, Malaysia, source: IFCAA Fire cause 1st Fire cause 2nd Fire cause 3rd Fire cause 4th Fire cause 5th 20052006 Electricity Unknown Others Gas/Kerosene Stove Mosquito Coils, Candle, Joss Stick Table 41-2 reflects the causes of fires in Malaysia for 2020-2021. The four leading reasons for fire account for 75% of all fires. On closer inspection, Resistance Heating, Sparks/Short Circuits, Arcs, and Overcurrent/Overload can be 67CTIF Center of Fire Statistics, Survey of the Member States 2022-2023. 68Tseng, W., Chien, S. and Shen, T., 2008. Comparative Analysis of Taiwan Fire Risk with Asia/Oceania Countries and Other Countries around the World. Fire Safety Science 9: 981-990. doi:10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.9-981, IAFSS Symposium 9. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 63 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ summarized under the generic term "Electricity." This results in a share of 61.3%, which is attributable to electrical energy alone. Noteworthy is the tiny proportion of fires related to the causes "Others" and "Cannot Be Determined." Table 41-2: Fire Causes in Malaysia69 Fire Causes in Buildings, Malaysia Resistance Heating Gas Equipment Sparks/Short Circuits Arcs Matches/Lighters Blazing Fire Overcurrent/Overload Surface/Heat/Welding Objects Lamp/Candle/Torch Lightning Friction/Impact Fireworks Others Explosion Spontaneous Fire Chemical reaction Cannot Be Determined Total 2020 2021 Sum % 1,918 2,241 4,159 28.9 1,225 1,328 2,553 17.7 1,035 1,110 2,145 14.9 1,009 964 1,973 13.7 494 525 1,019 7.1 441 519 960 6.7 294 243 537 3.7 189 180 369 2.6 167 199 366 2.5 43 61 104 0.7 43 38 81 0.6 8 28 36 0.3 11 12 23 0.2 13 8 21 0.1 12 8 20 0.1 8 10 18 0.1 0 3 3 0.0 6,910 7,477 14,387 100 Cumulation, % 28.9 46.7 61.6 75.3 82.4 89.0 92.8 95.3 97.9 98.6 99.2 99.4 99.6 99.7 99.9 100.0 100.0 69Laporan Tahunan 2021, Jabatan Bomba Dan Penyelamat Malaysia, Fire Frontlines Family Malaysia, Annual Report Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 64 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42 Mongolia For 2005 and 2006, a ranking of the causes of fires is available in the Table 42-1. From the precise naming of the reasons, it is clear that electricity is the number 1 cause of the fire. Table 42-1: Fire Causes in Mongolia70 Fire Causes, Mongolia, source: IFCAA Fire cause 1st Fire cause 2nd Fire cause 3rd Fire cause 4th Fire cause 5th 20052006 Electricity Open Fire Stove Cigarette, Match Playing Fire The causes of fire in Mongolia for 2013-2017 could be taken from a specialist publication. In comparison with the previous source, different names were used. Regardless of this, it can be said that one cause, i.e., careless handling of fire, accounts for significantly more than half of all fires (Table 42-2). Table 42-2: Fire Causes in Mongolia71 Fire Causes, Mongolia Careless handling of fire Manmade (technological) Others Violation of fire safety rules Deliberate arson Natural disasters Total 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Sum % 2,204 2,570 2,944 2,339 2,231 12,288 61.9 938 910 884 784 530 4,046 20.4 467 558 492 342 501 2,360 11.9 175 160 206 216 212 969 4.9 26 20 32 19 58 155 0.8 9 4 3 10 4 30 0.2 3,819 4,222 4,561 3,710 3,536 19,848 100 Cumulation, % 61.9 82.3 94.2 99.1 99.8 100.0 70Tseng, W., Chien, S. and Shen, T., 2008. Comparative Analysis of Taiwan Fire Risk with Asia/Oceania Countries and Other Countries around the World. Fire Safety Science 9: 981-990. doi:10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.9-981, IAFSS Symposium 9. 71Uuganbayar Enkhtayvan: Fire Hazard Analysis in the Residential Sector of Mongolia, Fire Safety Journal (2018). _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 65 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43 Myanmar For Myanmar, the causes of the fire from 2015 to 2019 are known. The source cited here states that the entire spectrum of fires can be described with eight reasons. Only two known causes cause 58% of the fires. Noteworthy is the fact that the cause "Forest" is indicated (Table 43-1). Table 43-1: Fire Causes in Myanmar72 Fire causes, Myanmar 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Negligence Electrical Fire Kitchen Arson Forest Spontaneous Insurgency Others Total 541 376 362 208 170 40 3 8 1,708 599 414 351 187 239 44 4 9 1,847 626 494 316 209 120 29 29 9 1,832 594 455 330 267 61 29 2 1 1,739 734 599 388 261 113 42 7 11 2,155 Sum 3,094 2,338 1,747 1,132 703 184 45 38 9,281 % Cumulation, % 33.3 33.3 25.2 58.5 18.8 77.4 12.2 89.5 7.6 97.1 2.0 99.1 0.5 99.6 0.4 100.0 100 72Myanmar, Statistical Yearbook, http://mmsis.gov.mm/statHtml/statHtml.do#. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 66 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 44 Netherlands Information from several sources and different time intervals are available for the Netherlands. In 1921-1930, as documented in the Table 44-1, 59% of all fire causes remained unknown. Table 44-1: Fire Causes in the Netherlands73 Fire Causes, Netherlands, source: Humanity and Fires Unknown Others Clothes and textiles Chimneys Lightning strokes Tiled stoves Hay, straw, etc. Children playing with fire Arson Total 19211930, % 59 12 10 6 6 2 2 2 1 100 Cumulation, % 59 71 81 87 93 95 97 99 100 Statistics from 1990-2005 show that almost 29% of all fires were caused by "damaged appliances or devices." For another 22% of the fires, no causes could be determined (Table 44-2). Table 44-2: Fire Causes in the Netherlands74 Fire Causes, Netherlands, source: Brandweerstatistiek Damaged appliances or devices Unknown Arson Other causes Fire hazard works Children playing with fire Smoking Spontaneous combustion Fireworks Total 19902005, % 28.7 22.0 17.0 17.0 6.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 0.3 100 Cumulation, % 28.7 50.7 67.7 84.7 90.7 94.7 97.7 99.7 100.0 73Bruschlinsky, Sokolov, Wagner: Humanity and Fires (2010), Fundacja Edukacja i Technika Ratownictwa, ISBN 978-83-88777-29-5, pp. 353. 74Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek: Brandweerstatistiek 1993-2000, ISBN: 903573065-8, ISBN 903571621-3. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 67 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 44-3: Fire Causes in the Netherlands75 Fire Causes in House Fires (Netherlands, %) Other causes Human actions Electricity Fireplaces/ Stoves Arson Accumulators, batteries Scalding and spontaneous combustion Work Total 2018 33 22 21 10 7 0 3 4 100 2019 34 23 20 8 7 3 1 4 100 2020 29 23 21 8 8 2 4 5 100 2021 26 24 21 10 7 5 4 3 100 A Dutch internet source (Table 44-3) states that in the years 2018-2021, on average, about 30% of fires were related to "other causes." Among the known causes are "human actions," "electricity," and "fireplaces/stoves." CTIF's 2021 survey provided a list of the seven leading fire causes; however, no detailed information could be provided (Table 44-4). Table 44-4: Fire Causes in the Netherlands76 Fire Causes (Netherlands, 2021, source: CTIF) Fires % Cumulation, % Human action n.a. n.a. n.a. Technical causes devices n.a. n.a. n.a. Technical causes buildings n.a. n.a. n.a. Spontaneous heat generation n.a. n.a. n.a. Lightning n.a. n.a. n.a. Other n.a. n.a. n.a. Unknown n.a. n.a. n.a. Total 1,792 100 Note: n.a. - data are not applicable, based on 1,792 fire investigations (indoor fires) 75https://fireprotectionsupport.nl/brand/. 76CTIF Center of Fire Statistics, Survey of the Member States 2022-2023. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 68 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 45 New Zealand Table 45-1: Fire Causes in New Zealand77 Fire Causes, New Zealand, source: IFCAA Fire cause 1st Fire cause 2nd Fire cause 3rd Fire cause 4th Fire cause 5th 20052006 Unlawful Deliberate Equipment Failure Careless Disposal Cigarette Cooking The source cited only lists the most important causes of the fire but no figures (Table 45-1). Table 45-2: Fire Causes in New Zealand78 Fire Causes, New Zealand Deliberately lit fire Vegetation cause Carelessness with heat source Mechanical failure or malfunction Other or undetermined cause Operating failure Carelessness with material ignited Design construction, installation fault Natural causes Reckless (involving fire) Not recorded Total 2019 2020 2021 Sum % 7,110 8,919 6,944 22,973 36.6 5,018 5,629 4,022 14,669 23.4 2,671 2,760 2,348 7,779 12.4 2,367 2,161 2,082 6,610 10.5 2,138 2,150 2,083 6,371 10.2 812 675 706 2,193 3.5 302 291 244 837 1.3 179 185 145 509 0.8 147 149 121 417 0.7 91 97 86 274 0.4 76 5 3 84 0.1 20,911 23,021 18,784 62,716 100 Cumulation, % 36.6 60.0 72.4 83.0 93.1 96.6 98.0 98.8 99.4 99.9 100.0 Table 45-2, with the figures from 2019-2021, shows that two causes come into question for 60% of all fires and seven reasons for 98%. 77Tseng, W., Chien, S. and Shen, T., 2008. Comparative Analysis of Taiwan Fire Risk with Asia/Oceania Countries and Other Countries around the World. Fire Safety Science 9: 981-990. doi:10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.9-981, IAFSS Symposium 9. 78OIA2022-00008548 Fire call-outs response statistics, information released under the Official Information Act 1982. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 69 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 46 Nigeria (Lagos State) Nigeria is a state in West Africa with over 200 million inhabitants (2018). It is by far the most populous country in Africa and the sixth most populous country globally. Lagos's former capital and economic center is Africa's second-largest city, with around 16 million inhabitants. There are currently another seven megacities in Nigeria. Regarding the causes of the fire in Nigeria, an exciting publication deals with the fire situation in Lagos State. Table 46-1: Fire Causes in Home Fires in Lagos State (Nigeria)79 Fire causes (Fatal home fires, Lagos) 2014 Electrical technical fault 25 Unknown 12 Heat transfer 2 Sparks 7 Gas cylinders 5 Others 2 Arson 2 Cooking appliance left on 2 Lighted match 2 Candle 1 Power surge 1 Sparks 1 Total 62 Fires 20092014, average p.a. 28 25 9 9 8 5 4 4 2 2 1 1 98 % 20092014 Cumulation 29.0 29.0 25.3 54.3 9.2 63.5 9.0 72.4 8.0 80.4 5.1 85.5 4.5 90.0 3.9 93.9 2.1 96.0 1.6 97.7 1.2 98.9 1.2 100.0 100 Table 46-1 shows the causes of fatal home fires in Lagos State. For the year 2014, there were precisely 62 such fires. 2009-2014, an average of 98 fatal home fires were registered annually. In 93.7% of these fires, there is one death each, and in another 5.1%, there are two deaths each. In 29% of all fatal home fires, electricity is the leading cause. In another 25%, the cause of the fire could not be determined. Then both of these causes account for almost 55% of all fatal home fires. The remaining reasons are in the single-digit range. 79"Adekunle A et al., Statistical Analysis of Fire Outbreaks in Homes and Public Buildings in Nigeria: A Case Study of Lagos State," "International Journal of Engineering Research and Advanced Technology (IJERAT) E-ISSN: 2454-6135, DOI: http://doi.org/10.31695/IJERAT.2018.3294 Volume.4, Issue Aug 8 -2018". _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 70 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 46-2 from same publication also examines the causes of fires in public buildings. Table 46-2: Average number of fires (F) in public buildings (T) attended by fire officers per year and most commonly identified fire causes, Lagos, 2009-201480 T F 1stCause % 2ndCause % 3rdCause % Office 200 Arson 55 Technical fault 35 Cooking appliance left on 10 Industry 170 Technical fault 54 Arson 30 Heat transfer 16 Shop, boutique, 150 Arson 62 Technical fault 18 Heat transfer 20 market Factory 120 Technical fault 48 Arson 40 Heat transfer 12 Restaurant, 115 Cooking appliance 46 Technical fault 40 Heat transfer 14 nightclub left on Hotel, guest 110 Cooking appliance 60 Heat transfer 30 Candle 10 house left on Theatre, cinema, 108 Arson 68 Technical fault 20 Cooking appliance left on 12 museum School 93 Arson 40 Technical fault 35 Child playing with fire 25 Church 79 Arson 50 Technical fault 35 Heat transfer 15 Prison 74 Arson 45 Smoking 30 Technical fault 25 Hospital 60 Arson 55 Technical fault 35 Smoking 10 Motherless 54 Arson 52 Candle 10 Heat transfer 38 home Petrol 44 Technical fault 60 Arson 15 Heat transfer 25 station Airport 43 Technical fault 65 Arson 10 Heat transfer 25 Bank 41 Technical fault 59 Arson 10 Heat transfer 31 Stadium 38 Arson 45 Heat transfer 20 Technical fault 25 Table 46-2 lists 16 different types of buildings and assigns the number of annual fires (F) and the three most important fire causes. First, one notices that the sum of the percentages in each line correctly results in 100 (exception: "Stadium" - 90%). Among the registered causes of fire, the following are particularly noteworthy: arson - 29.2%, technical fault - 29.2%, and heat transfer -22.9%. 80"Ditto. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 71 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 47 Norway The causes of the fire from 205-2006 are available for Norway. Chimney fires because of lack of maintenance etc., blunt. With a share of 9%, the cause of "electricity" is worth mentioning (Table 47-1). Table 47-1: Fire Causes in Norway81 Fire Causes, Norway, source: Humanity and Fires Chimney fire (lack of maintenance etc.) Unknown Electricity Deliberate (arson, suicide, children playing with fire) Careless handling of open fire Improper use of electrical equipment (other) Other Improper use of electrical equipment (cooking) Candles Smoking Explosion Total 20052006, % 56.7 10.2 9.1 5.6 5.1 3.5 3.4 2.9 1.8 1.4 0.3 100 Cumulation, % 56.7 66.9 76.0 81.6 86.7 90.2 93.6 96.5 98.3 99.7 100.0 48 Pakistan (Punjab) For Pakistan, there are no known uniform fire statistics and, therefore, no statistics on the causes of fires. Regardless of this, a comparatively modern fire protection system has developed in the province of Punjab. Thus, data for the year 2012 could be extracted from the source cited here. The following information can be found in the Table 48-1. First of all, in Pakistan, it is possible to see structured and well-defined terms for naming the causes of the fire. Of all known causes, electricity accounts for half of all fires. If smoking is the second known cause, this is 60% of all fires. One in four fires could not be identified concerning a reason. 81Bruschlinsky, Sokolov, Wagner: Humanity and Fires (2010), Fundacja Edukacja i Technika Ratownictwa, ISBN 978-83-88777-29-5, pp. 353. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 72 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 48-1: Fire Causes in Pakistan, Province Punjab 82 Fire causes, Pakistan, Punjab Shortcircuiting Unknown Careless Smoking Gas Leakage Others Candle/Heater Forest fire Fireworks LPG/Cylinder Blast Kitchen Fire Total 2012, % 50.0 25.0 10.0 5.0 5.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.2 100 Cumulation, % 50.0 75.0 85.0 90.0 95.0 97.0 98.0 99.0 99.8 100.0 49 Papua New Guinea (PNG) There are 14 fire stations throughout the country, and the national headquarters is in the nation's capital. It is known that PNG Fires Service has a well-trained group of specialists in fire investigation. Table 49-1 lists the known leading causes of fire. Table 49-1: Fire Causes in Papua New Guinea83 Fire Causes, Papua New Guinea, source: IFCAA Fire cause 1st Fire cause 2nd Fire cause 3rd Fire cause 4th Fire cause 5th 20052006 Electricity Arson Unknown Carelessness Candle 82Muhammad Akram Malik et al.: Fire and Safety Culture Development Issues and Causes of Fires in Industries of Pakistan, Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, February 2013, VOL 4, NO 10. 83Tseng, W., Chien, S. and Shen, T., 2008. Comparative Analysis of Taiwan Fire Risk with Asia/Oceania Countries and Other Countries around the World. Fire Safety Science 9: 981-990. doi:10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.9-981, IAFSS Symposium 9. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 73 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 50 Oman Table 50-1: Fire Causes in Oman84 Fire Causes, Oman Connection to a heat source Electricity Deliver to a heat source Others Fuel leaking Technical, Mechanical fault Traffic accidents Gas Leaking Cooking Child playing Smoking Use of Incense Scattered sparks Total 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Sum % 1,860 2,043 934 682 371 444 6,334 28.8 736 875 994 1,113 1,150 1,225 6,093 27.7 1 103 1,690 1,291 1,161 1,018 5,264 24.0 61 120 241 215 194 421 1,252 5.7 115 161 212 143 136 180 947 4.3 101 87 105 81 95 80 549 2.5 55 62 65 44 47 78 351 1.6 45 46 62 59 55 70 337 1.5 28 20 32 37 37 56 210 1.0 41 32 11 27 24 32 167 0.8 20 47 24 24 24 27 166 0.8 25 17 24 36 24 21 147 0.7 19 19 37 16 17 32 140 0.6 3,107 3,632 4,431 3,768 3,335 3,684 21,957 100 Cumulation, % 28.8 56.6 80.6 86.3 90.6 93.1 94.7 96.2 97.2 97.9 98.7 99.4 100.0 Table 50-1 shows that three causes of fire account for almost 81% of all fires. The remaining causes only appear in the single-digit range. 51 Philippines Table 51-1: Fire Causes in the Philippines85 Fire Causes, Philippines, source: IFCAA Fire cause 1st Fire cause 2nd Fire cause 3rd Fire cause 4th Fire cause 5th 20052006 Electricity Combustion/Flames Unknown Others Cigarette The Philippines consists of 7,641 islands, of which about 880 are inhabited. In 2018, the islands were occupied by 106 million people. On average, about 16,000 fires were registered annually between 2017 and 2020. 84Annual Reports of Civil Defense. 85Tseng, W., Chien, S. and Shen, T., 2008. Comparative Analysis of Taiwan Fire Risk with Asia/Oceania Countries and Other Countries around the World. Fire Safety Science 9: 981-990. doi:10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.9-981, IAFSS Symposium 9. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 74 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ For the Table 51-1, electricity is also mentioned as the leading cause of fire for 2005-2006. Table 51-2 shows that electricity is responsible for about one in three fires. Another 21% of the fires have no cause of fire, or the fires are under investigation. Table 51-2: Fire Causes in the Philippines86 Fire Causes, Philippines 2017 2018 2019 2020 Sum % Faulty Electrical Wiring / Connection 4,872 5,319 3,104 3,812 17,107 26.8 Under Investigation / Unknown 3,401 3,821 5,258 968 13,448 21.0 Others 1,801 2,358 1,608 1,288 7,055 11.0 Direct Flame Contact / Static 45 69 2,399 2,082 4,595 7.2 Electricity Cigarette Butt 1,002 1,128 1,096 936 4,162 6.5 Neglected Cooking / Stove 711 877 949 931 3,468 5.4 Electrical Machineries 82 110 1,517 1,721 3,430 5.4 Candle/ Gasera 463 521 369 414 1,767 2.8 Neglected Electrical Appliances / Devices 412 432 438 483 1,765 2.8 Torch / Sulo" 427 858 114 110 1,509 2.4 Matchstick/Lighter 320 439 447 287 1,493 2.3 Spontaneous Combustion 228 370 503 168 1,269 2.0 Lightning 7 14 446 591 1,058 1.7 Incendiary Device / Mechanism or Ignited 139 138 93 302 672 1.1 Flammable Liquid Chemicals 137 93 163 215 608 1.0 LPG Related 124 104 84 85 397 0.6 Pyrotechnics 25 22 23 27 97 0.2 Bomb Explosion 1 2 1 0 4 0.0 Total 14,197 16,675 18,612 14,420 63,904 100 Cumulation, % 26.8 47.8 58.9 66.0 72.6 78.0 83.4 86.1 88.9 91.2 93.6 95.6 97.2 98.3 99.2 99.8 100.0 100.0 86Philippine Statistical Yearbook (PSY), 2018-2021. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 75 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 52 Poland Table 52-1: Fire Causes in Poland87 Fire Causes (Poland, 2021, source: CTIF) Intentional arsons Carelessness of adults when using open fire Incorrect operation of solid fuel heating devices Unknown causes Other causes Defects of electrical devices and installations Disadvantages of means of transport Carelessness of adults in other cases Total Fires 26,673 18,732 15,626 12,481 7,595 5,420 4,878 4,004 95,409 % Cumulation, % 28.0 28.0 19.6 47.6 16.4 64.0 13.1 77.0 8.0 85.0 5.7 90.7 5.1 95.8 4.2 100.0 100 For Poland, the Table 52-1 shows that three known causes of fire account for more than 60% of all fires. 53 Romania Table 53-1: Fire Causes in Romania 88 Fire Causes (Romania, 2021, source: CTIF) Open fire Other determining circumstances Faulty or improvised electrical installations Chimney, defective or improvised flue Defective or improvised heating systems Smoking without complying with the rules Intentional action To be determined/undetermined Total Fires 10,531 5,440 5,251 2,787 2,207 2,196 2,142 43 30,597 % Cumulation, % 34.4 34.4 17.8 52.2 17.2 69.4 9.1 78.5 7.2 85.7 7.2 92.9 7.0 99.9 0.1 100.0 100 For Romania, the Table 53-1 makes it clear that three known causes of fire account for almost 70% of all fires. 87CTIF Center of Fire Statistics, Survey of the Member States 2022-2023. 88CTIF Center of Fire Statistics, Survey of the Member States 2022-2023. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 76 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 54 Russia Table 54-1: Fire Causes in Russia (2014-2018) 89 Fire Causes, Russia (20142018) Negligence of adults with fire Operation of electrical equipment Operation of furnaces and malfunctions in their device Arson Due to vehicle violations Other causes Children playing with fire Unknown Gas equipment and violations of operating standards For electrical work Heat generating installations Thunderstorms Production equipment, production process Spontaneous combustion Hot work when heating the engine, pipes and other Incorrect operation of gas, gasoline, kerosene devices Explosions Pyrotechnic products Total 2014 ... 48,843 ... 40,871 ... 22,506 ... 18,390 ... 10,887 ... 2,835 ... 2,994 ... 1,421 ... ... 1,017 ... 692 ... 642 ... 510 ... 477 ... 434 ... 1,052 ... 146 ... 81 ... 153,798 ... 2017 39,971 40,528 2018 37,195 41,763 Sum % Cumulation, % 215,105 30.2 30.2 205,246 28.8 59.1 20,250 21,934 107,685 15.1 74.2 14,833 13,625 80,252 11.3 85.5 9,050 9,027 48,529 6.8 92.3 1,981 1,958 11,360 1.6 93.9 1,843 1,803 11,067 1.6 95.4 1,553 1,555 7,334 1.0 96.5 1,233 1,260 5,158 0.7 97.2 944 922 4,854 0.7 97.9 505 446 2,991 0.4 98.3 457 480 2,906 0.4 98.7 523 564 2,609 0.4 99.1 466 513 2,483 0.3 99.4 335 372 1,774 0.2 99.7 88 63 64 134,687 87 72 67 133,643 1,503 0.2 441 0.1 375 0.1 711,672 100 99.9 99.9 100.0 For Russia, the Table 54-1 makes it clear that three known causes of fire account for just over 74% of all fires. What is striking is the fact that the proportion of unknown reasons for fire is comparatively tiny. 89Federal State Statistics Service of Russian Federation (RosStat), https://eng.rosstat.gov.ru/. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 77 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 55 Saudi Arabia Table 55-1: Fire Causes in Saudi Arabia90 Fire Causes, Saudi Arabia Electric petition Kids messing around A slow glowing heat source Transport combustion Waste and waste disposal Stove combustion Criminal Petroleum spillage Under the procedure Selfignition Fatal natural phenomena Gas or dust explosion Chemical reaction Other Total 1430 AH 1431 AH Sum % (20082009) (20092010) 10,249 10,453 20,702 34.9 8,256 7,915 16,171 27.3 3,043 3,096 6,139 10.3 3,053 2,889 5,942 10.0 1,991 2,012 4,003 6.7 1,361 1,493 2,854 4.8 828 920 1,748 2.9 309 432 741 1.2 143 398 541 0.9 80 69 149 0.3 71 49 120 0.2 49 51 100 0.2 38 29 67 0.1 0 64 64 0.1 29,471 29,870 59,341 100 Cumulation, % 34.9 62.1 72.5 82.5 89.2 94.1 97.0 98.2 99.2 99.4 99.6 99.8 99.9 100.0 For Saudi Arabia, the Table 55-1 makes it clear that four known causes of fire account for more than 80% of all fires. 90Fire Statistics, Civil Defense Saudi Arabia. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 78 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 56 Slovakia Table 56-1 visualizes that half of all fire causes could not be determined. Another 38% of fires have reasons, summarized in the term "Other causes." Table 56-1: Fire Causes in Slovakia91 Fire Causes (Slovakia, 2021, source: CTIF) Other causes Unknown causes Intentionally set by an unknown person Burning of dry grass and other vegetation Handling with naked flame Burning of waste (outside of waste dump sites) Soot burnout Other operational or technical failures Total Fires 2,908 1,286 760 732 596 499 486 443 7,710 % Cumulation, % 37.7 37.7 16.7 54.4 9.9 64.3 9.5 73.7 7.7 81.5 6.5 88.0 6.3 94.3 5.7 100.0 100 91CTIF Center of Fire Statistics, Survey of the Member States 2022-2023. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 79 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 57 South Africa (RSA) For South Africa, "electricity" and "open flames" are at the forefront of all fire causes. Table 57-1: Fire Causes in South Africa92 Fire causes, Structural fires, RSA Electrical Open flames Cooking Heating Arson Smoking Welding Lightning Total 20062011, % 34.5 24.5 14.5 9.5 8.0 4.0 4.0 1.0 100 Cumulation, % 34.5 59.0 73.5 83.0 91.0 95.0 99.0 100.0 Table 57-2: Fire Causes in South Africa93 Fire causes, total of fires, RSA Open flames Undetermined Electrical Other Smoking Cooking Arson Heating Welding Lightning Unrest Total 20062011, % 40.0 33.0 9.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 100 Cumulation, % 40.0 73.0 82.0 87.0 91.0 94.0 97.0 99.0 99.5 100.0 100.0 92Johan Van Den Heever: Overview of the fire problem - Fire Services Statistics, Fire Protection Association of Southern Africa (FPASA). 93Ditto. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 80 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 58 Sweden Table 58-1: Fire Causes in Sweden (1987-1994) 94 Fire Causes, Sweden Lightning Unknown causes Electricity Other known causes Other fires in fireplaces or stoves Intent Matches, candles, etc. Chimney fires Smoking Welding Spontaneous Explosion Total 1987 1988 ... 1993 1994 Sum % 5,449 13,006 ... 12,534 14,941 75,054 26.7 10,475 10,054 ... 7,513 6,869 70,805 25.2 4,954 7,188 ... 5,069 5,885 42,106 15.0 5,521 5,318 ... 4,188 3,856 37,625 13.4 1,779 2,502 ... 2,155 1,994 17,108 6.1 1,741 1,412 ... 1,936 1,765 14,501 5.2 1,376 1,047 ... 1,146 1,143 9,271 3.3 1,253 776 ... 901 782 6,673 2.4 544 417 ... 276 293 3,031 1.1 399 161 ... 179 146 1,698 0.6 248 151 ... 209 163 1,478 0.5 299 139 ... 146 147 1,326 0.5 34,038 42,171 ... 36,252 37,984 280,676 100 Cumulation, % 26.7 52.0 67.0 80.4 86.5 91.6 94.9 97.3 98.4 99.0 99.5 100.0 Table 58-1 shows the causes of fires in Sweden from 1987 to 1994. Four causes dominate. The other causes of fire are lost in the statistical noise. 94Statistik Arsbok fr Service 1996 (Statistical Yearbook of Sweden 1996). _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 81 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 59 Switzerland Table 59-1: Fire Causes in Switzerland (2002-2021) 95 Fire Causes, Switzerland % Cumulation, % Lightning strikes 35.1 Electricity 26.7 Matches, lighters, smokers, candles, welding, soldering, fireworks 13.3 Combustion devises 8.9 Unknown causes 5.3 Arson 3.8 Other known causes 3.3 Explosions 1.9 Spontaneous combustion 1.7 Total 100 35.1 61.8 75.1 84.0 89.3 93.1 96.4 98.3 100.0 Figures for the years 2002-2021 are available for Switzerland. According to the study, 75% of all fires are caused by three known causes. In addition, arson and unknown reasons have a share that is clearly in the single digits in each case (Table 59-1). 95Fire damage statistics from Insurance Companies Association. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 82 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 60 Taiwan Both Table 60-1 and 60-2 confirm that electricity and smoking are the known leading causes of fire on the island of Taiwan. Table 60-1: Fire Causes in Taiwan 96 Fire Causes, Taiwan, source: IFCAA Fire cause 1st Fire cause 2nd Fire cause 3rd Fire cause 4th Fire cause 5th 20052006 Electricity Cigarette Arson Machinery Cooking Table 60-2: Fire Causes in Taiwan 97 Fire Causes, Taiwan (20032006) Electricity Unknown Smoking Arson Machinery Cooking Others Ritual Construction welding Vehicle Playing fire Suicide Light, candle Fire crackers LPG Barbecue Combustible materials Chemistry Natural disaster Total % Cumulation, % 25.0 25.0 24.9 49.9 13.0 62.9 9.5 72.4 5.9 78.3 5.1 83.4 4.5 87.9 3.2 91.1 2.0 93.1 1.3 94.4 1.2 95.6 1.0 96.6 0.9 97.5 0.9 98.4 0.8 99.2 0.3 99.5 0.2 99.7 0.2 99.9 0.1 100.0 100 96Tseng, W., Chien, S. and Shen, T., 2008. Comparative Analysis of Taiwan Fire Risk with Asia/Oceania Countries and Other Countries around the World. Fire Safety Science 9: 981-990. doi:10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.9-981, IAFSS Symposium 9. 97Ditto. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 83 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 61 Trkiye Table 61-1: Fire Causes in Trkiye98 Fire Causes, Trkiye (2004) Other Causes Cigarette Electricity Chimney Fire Sabotage Heater / Oven Bottle Gas Fuel oil HazMat Stroke of Lightning Total Fires 20,266 15,592 11,362 4,436 3,535 2,658 1,908 908 136 60,801 % Cumulation, % 33.3 33.3 25.6 59.0 18.7 77.7 7.3 85.0 5.8 90.8 4.4 95.1 3.1 98.3 1.5 99.8 0.2 100.0 100 For Trkiye, a 2004 statistic states that smoking and electricity are the known leading causes of fire (Table 61-1). 98T.C. Icisleri Bakanligi, Sivil Savunma Gemel Mdrlg, 2004 Yilina Ait Yangin Istatistikleri (Fire Statistics 2004). _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 84 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 62 United Kingdom (England) In the UK fire statistics, Primary fires are defined as fires that meet at least one of the following conditions: any fire that occurred in a (non-derelict) building, vehicle, or outdoor structure, any fire involving fatalities, casualties, or rescues, any fire attended by five or more pumping appliances. Table 62-1: Fire Causes in England (2021-2022)99 Fire Causes, England Primary Fires % Cumulation, % Other accidental 13,538 28.4 28.4 Misuse of equipment or appliances 8,839 18.6 47.0 Faulty appliances and leads 7,789 16.4 63.3 Faulty fuel supplies 6,333 13.3 76.6 Placing articles too close to heat 5,148 10.8 87.5 Careless handling of fire or hot substances 3,816 8.0 95.5 Chip/fat pan fires 1,714 3.6 99.1 Playing with fire 267 0.6 99.6 Unspecified 174 0.4 100.0 Total 47,618 100 Table 62-1 illustrates that among all causes of fire, the group "other accidental" leads the ranking with 28.4%. "Misuse of equipment or appliances" and "Faulty appliances and leads" then follow in 2nd and 3rd place. All three causes then account for 63.4% of all primary fires. The English fire statistics offer the possibility to analyze "causes of fire" concerning the "source of ignition." Table 61-2 reflects the distribution of primary fires by fire causes (groups of reasons) and ignition source (groups) for 2021-2022. The two most common combinations are "Misuse of equipment or appliances Cooking appliances" with 15.7% and "Faulty fuel supplies - Electrical distribution" with 7.3% of all cases. 99 https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/fire-statistics, Cause of fire and source of ignition of accidental primary fires, England. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 85 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 62-2: Fire Causes in England100 Cause of Fire, % Source of Ignition, % Faulty fuel supplies Faulty appliances and lead s Misuse of equipment or appliances Chip / fat pan fires Playing with fire Careless handling of fire or hot substances Placing articles too close to heat Other accidental Unspecified Su m Smoking related materials, etc. 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 4.6 0.6 0.7 0.0 6.1 Matches and Candles 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.6 1.2 0.6 0.0 2.8 Cooking appliances 0.4 1.2 15.7 3.5 0.0 0.8 4.0 1.2 0.0 26.8 Space heating appliances 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.4 0.0 2.6 Central and water heating appliances 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.6 Blowlamps, welding 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.9 and cutting equipment Electrical distribution 7.3 4.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 2.1 0.0 14.0 Electric lighting 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.0 2.0 Office equipment 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 Other domestic style appliance 0.4 4.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.0 6.3 Other Sources 3.7 4.4 1.0 0.1 0.1 1.3 2.5 13.9 0.1 27.1 Unspecified 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.5 7.9 0.2 10.5 Total 13.3 16.4 18.6 3.6 0.6 8.0 10.8 28.4 0.4 100 100 https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/fire-statistics, Cause of fire and source of ignition of accidental primary fires, England. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 86 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 63 Ukraine For Ukraine, the causes of the fire are available for 2021 (Table 63-1). The statistical data are given without considering the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol City. The classification of the primary cause of a fire is given according to ISO/TS 17755-2:2020 Fire safety - Statistical data collection - Part 2: Vocabulary. Table 63-1: Fire Causes in Ukraine101 Causes of Fire (Ukraine, 2021, source: CTIF) Fires % Caused by human actions (Unintentional) 52,805 66.5 Technological (Electrical, e.g., shortcircuit, overload, 11,708 14.7 overheating) Technological (Thermal, e.g., heater, flame) 6,152 7.7 Explosion; Failure of production equipment; child's play with fire; Violation of the rules of operation of vehicles; Welding works; others 5,435 6.8 Caused by human actions (Intentional: arson) 2,656 3.3 Natural (Caused by lightning) 263 0.3 Spontaneous ignition 236 0.3 Undetermined 202 0.3 Total 79,457 100 Cumulation, % 66.5 81.2 88.9 95.8 99.1 99.4 99.7 100.0 101CTIF Center of Fire Statistics, Survey of the Member States 2022-2023. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 87 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 64 USA The following has been reported for home fires, including fires in one- or twofamily homes, manufactured homes, and apartments or other multifamily housing, regardless of ownership. Unknowns were allocated proportionally according to our methodology. Data shows annual averages from 2016-2020. Table 64-1 summarizes findings from multiple fields, meaning the same fire may be listed under multiple causes. Table 64-1: Fire Causes in the USA 102 Fire Causes in Home Fires (USA, source: CTIF) Cooking Heating Equipment Electrical distribution and lighting equipment Intentional Smoking materials Clothes dryer or washer Exposure fire, fan/air conditioner, Candle Unknowns were allocated proportionally Total Fires % Cumulation, % 166,400 51.0 44,200 13.6 30,800 9.4 29,400 9.0 15,900 4.9 12,700 3.9 26,600 8.2 326,000 100 51.0 64.6 74.0 83.1 87.9 91.8 100.0 100.0 Generally speaking, one cause accounts for over 50% of all fires. 102CTIF Center of Fire Statistics, Survey of the Member States 2022-2023. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 88 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 65 Uzbekistan Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive fire statistics available for Uzbekistan. In the Table 65-1, we have compiled the figures on the causes of fire in the form of a sample. According to the study, one-third of all fires can be traced back to electricity. That is followed by heating systems and children's play with fire. It is estimated that 80% of all fires are attributable to residential areas. Table 65-1: Fire Causes in Uzbekistan 103 Fire Causes, Uzbekistan, % Installation and operation of electrical equipment Installation and operation of heating equipment Children playing with fire Transportation means, vehicles Carelessness Others Total Number of fires Number of fire deaths Number of fire injuries 2019 (JanNov) 30.0 13.1 9.7 4.0 37.5 5.7 100 10,520 98 225 2021 (JanMay) 35.5 23.3 7.2 3.7 30.3 100 3,294 46 94 103Uzbekistan Newspapers (Internet publications). _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 89 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 66 Vietnam For Vietnam, a detailed analysis of the causes of the fire in 2012 is available (Table 66-1). First, 36.5% of all fires are attributed to electrical reasons. Thus, these fires fall into the category of technological and social causes. Another 33.1% of fires are attributed to "unspecified causes." "Careless handling of fire" then accounts for 15.2% of fires (classified as purely socially categorized fires). Table 66-1: Fire Causes in Vietnam104 Fire Causes, Vietnam Violation of the rules for the installation and operation of electrical equipment Unspecified cause Careless handling of fire Device failure Arson due to a conflict situation Other reasons Spontaneous combustion of substances and materials Misuse of electrical equipment Misuse of household gas and oil appliances Violation of fire safety rules Violation of the rules for the device and operation of vehicles Malfunction of production equipment, violation of the production process Lightning strike Arson due to intoxication, mental illness Arson for insurance purposes Total Fires (2012) % Cumulation, Category % of Cause 639 36.5 36.5 T, S 579 33.1 69.6 T, S 267 15.2 84.8 S 75 4.3 89.1 T, S 70 4.0 93.1 S 34 1.9 95.0 T, S 19 1.1 96.1 N 16 0.9 97.0 S 15 0.9 97.9 S 12 0.7 98.6 S 11 0.6 99.2 T, S 8 0.5 99.7 T, S 3 0.2 99.8 N 3 0.2 100.0 S 0 0.0 100.0 S 1,751 100 104Chu Quoc Min: Fire Risk Management Based On Methods And Models Of The Theory Of Active Systems, PhDThesis (2020). _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 90 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Analyze Before the analysis begins, the question must be formulated as to the actual goal of collecting international data on fire causes. The main objectives are set out below: First, the aim is to achieve comparability of international data. The world's leading causes of fire are to be identified. Finally, the objective is to answer how large the proportion of fires is, for which no cause could be determined. The question is to be answered about how large the proportion of fires is, which, according to their presumably small proportions, fall within the group of "other causes." Which terms can be understood by "causes of fires" (why did it burn?), and which other words are better to classify in different categories of terms, e.g., fire objects (where did it burn?)? Is the analysis of the causes of fire alone sufficient to develop strategies to reduce the number of fires, minimize the number of fire victims and reduce fire damage? A wide range of questions appear in the statistics on the causes of fires. Let's name the essential anomalies that seem particularly important when looking at the data from the countries examined here. Let's start with the term "fires." Depending on the objective of the statistics, either all fire incidents in the country or only a specific subset are statistically evaluated: total number of fires all fires excluding forest fires structure fires building fires residential fires home fires. In the lists of "fire causes," the following designations often appear: single fire causes combined wording for 1-3 fire causes group or category of fire causes a mixture of fire causes and fire objects. The interval of investigation is not always the same: one year average of several years a sum of events of several years The time frame for data evaluation differs in some countries: _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 91 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Calendar year Different calendars in different regions of the world Financial years (are not congruent with calendar years). The periods of coverage, especially in press conferences for the national media, are often different, which makes comparability difficult: 1 to 6 months of the current year with comparative figures from the corresponding period of the previous year Quarters Seasons National holidays. Sources from which the statistical data come can be found in a wide variety: National Statistical Yearbooks Annual reports of local, regional, or national Fire Services Reports of governmental ministries Private companies acting as consulting experts Insurance companies Private companies that use statistics to attract customers to their websites International Associations (Fire Chiefs, Fire Protection Associations, etc.). Now let's look at some terms named as the cause of the fire. Let's start with the fire cause "Other causes": Others / other Other known causes Other reasons Other causes Other, unknown Other sources of fire, light, heat Other Suspected Causes Other causes of fires Other or undetermined cause Other determining circumstances Other accidental. The cause of the fire "Arson" also appears in a wide range: Arson Deliberate (arson, ...) Incendiary (arson, suspicious) Suspected arson Deliberate arson _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 92 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Arson and Suspicious Arson/Suspicious Set arson Arson, suspicious Arson or Doubtful. Even the cause of the fire, "smoking," which can be described as banal, appears in the selection process here in a vast number of variants: Smokers (cigarette, etc.) Smokers' utensils and open flame Smoking Smoker equipment Smoking residues Smoking Materials Smokers' Materials Careless Smoking Smoking without complying with the rules Matches, lighters, smokers, candles, welding, soldering, fireworks Smoking related materials, etc. Cigarettes Cigarette Butts Matches/ Cigarette Lighters Cigarette butts and matches Cigarettes, matches Discarded Cigarettes and Similar Careless Disposal Cigarette. This discussion could be continued with other terms. However, we refrain from doing so at this point, as we believe that the focus of the debate is sufficiently communicated. Among the three primary data sources used, let's first look at the IFCAA system.105 To achieve a structurally simple and clear presentation of the causes of fire in the member states (Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Guam, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Korea, Kuwait, Malaysia, Mongolia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, and Japan), a list of terms containing all important causes of fire was given. Each member state was called upon to enter its state's leading causes of fire in the order 105 IFCAA - International Fire Chief Association of Asia, https://www.fcaj.gr.jp/ifcaa/en/ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 93 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ of precedence 1st, ..., 5th. We have generated the Table A-1 from the IFCAA statistics, published every two years.106 . Table A-1: Leading fire causes in the IFCAA member states Name of Fire cause 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Sum Sum, % Electricity 7 7 13,7 Arson 0 2 3 0 0 5 9,8 Cigarette ** 1 2 2 5 9,8 Playing fire 2 2 4 7,8 Unknown 1 2 1 4 7,8 Equipment Failure 3 3 5,9 Carelessness 1 1 2 3,9 Cooking 2 2 3,9 Deliberate 1 1 2 3,9 Gas, other 2 2 3,9 Bon fire 1 1 2,0 Candle 1 1 2,0 Careless Disposal Cigarette ** 1 1 2,0 Cigarette, Match ** 1 1 2,0 Combustion/Flames 1 1 2,0 Machinery 1 1 2,0 Not available 1 1 2,0 Open Fire 1 1 2,0 Open lamp 1 1 2,0 Others 1 1 2,0 Oven 1 1 2,0 Smoking ** 1 1 2,0 Sparks 1 1 2,0 Stove 1 1 2,0 Unlawful 1 1 2,0 Regardless of the given names for the causes of the fire, some terms appear several times in different spellings. For example, "Smoking" with the variants (**) shown in the table. We cannot solve the problem of the various spellings of the terms used or the various combinations of individual words analytically to present a solution. That's why we're approaching the problem differently. As described at the beginning of this section, one of the main reasons for the lack of uniformity is that undesirable cases are not correctly classified in the fire cause statistics. So, first of 106 IFCAA FIRE STATISTICS: 2019-2020, 2017-2018, 2015-2016 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 94 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ all, the question must be clarified as to how large the proportion of "unknown causes" (including cases under evaluation, etc.) is. Table A-2: Distribution of "Unknown Causes" in the "National Statistics" rankings. Unknown Causes Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Non Sum Sum 10 10 4 2 2 0 1 1 2 3 25 60 Share, % 17 17 6,7 3 3 0 2 1,7 3 5 41,7 100 Table A-3: Distribution of "Other Causes" in the rankings of "National Statistics" Other Causes Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Non Sum Sum 7 7 7 7 5 5 6 3 1 3 9 60 Share, % 11,7 11,7 11,7 11,7 8,3 8,3 10,0 5,0 1,7 5,0 15,0 100 To do this, consider the information obtained from national statistics (number of examples - 60). Table A-2 clarifies that in almost 41% of all samples, there are no "unknown causes." That is good and has been labeled GREEN. On the other hand, "Unknon causes" appear in rank 1 to 3 with a total share of 40%; this result is not satisfactory (labeled RED). For these cases, the causes should be investigated. The aim should be to keep the "unknown causes" proportion below 10%. We proceed in the same way with the "Other causes." This cause of the fire (in truth, it is a group of many reasons) should also appear in the ranking in no more than 10% of all cases. However, Table A-3 shows a share of almost 60%. Consequently, it is necessary to investigate the causes behind this phenomenon. Table A-4: Distribution of "Unknown Causes" in the rankings of "CTIF Statistics" Rank Sum Share, % 1 2 3 2 3 2 11,8 17,6 11,8 Unknown Causes (17 examples) 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 0 5 0 5,9 0,0 5,9 0,0 29,4 0,0 10 Non Sum 0 3 17 0,0 17,6 100 Table A-5: Distribution of "Other Causes" in the rankings of "CTIF Statistics" Other Causes (17 examples) Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Non Sum Sum 5 2 0 0 5 0 1 0 0 0 4 17 Share, % 29,4 11,8 0,0 0,0 29,4 0,0 5,9 0,0 0,0 0,0 23,5 100 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 95 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ A similar picture emerges for recording the causes of fire according to the methodology of CTIF (see Table A-4, Table A-5) and IFCAA (see Table A-6, Table A-7). Table A-6: Distribution of "Unknown Causes" in the rankings of the "IFCAA Statistics" Rank Sum Share, % Unknown Causes (12 examples) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Non Sum 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 12 0,0 0,0 16,7 16,7 8,3 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 58,3 100 Table A-7: Distribution of "Other Causes" in the rankings of the "IFCAA Statistics" Rank Sum Share, % Other Causes (12 examples) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Non Sum 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 12 0,0 0,0 0,0 8,3 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 91,7 100 Table A-8: Distribution of "Unknown Causes" in the rankings of the "All Statistics" Unknown Causes (89 examples) Rank 1 234 5 6 7 8 9 Sum 12 13 8 5 3 1 1 6 2 Share, % 13,5 14,6 9,0 5,6 3,4 1,1 1,1 6,7 2,2 10 Non Sum 3 35 89 3,4 39,3 100 Table A-9: Distribution of "Other Causes" in the rankings of the "All Statistics" Other Causes (89 examples) Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Non Sum Sum 12 9 7 8 10 5 7 3 1 3 24 89 Share, % 13,5 10,1 7,9 9,0 11,2 5,6 7,9 3,4 1,1 3,4 27,0 100 Tables A-8 and A-9 summarize everything for the real statistical examples from 66 countries examined here. With this, we can present the following result: 1. The causes of fire for the six most prominent countries in the world in terms of area (Russia, Canada, USA, China, Brazil, India) could be illustrated using various examples. 2. The causes of fires in the ten most populous countries in the world (China, India, USA, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Russia, and Japan) can be illustrated using various examples. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 96 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Furthermore, the analysis also includes states or regions, or island states that are small in terms of area with good fire cause statistics (Brunei Darussalam, Fiji, Jersey). 4. Most seeds publish fire-cause statistics, which are characterized by understandable terms. As a rule, "Unknown causes" and "Other (known) causes" are shown in the publications. 5. In 40% of the states, the unknown causes are in places 1 to 3 in the decreasing ranking. In almost 60% of the countries, the "other known causes" (shares of more than 10% each) are in places 1 to 7 in the decreasing ranking. 6. To represent half of all fires by cause, 1 and 5 different reasons are used. To classify 75% of all fires, 1 to 7 causes are used. To represent 95% of all fires, up to 14 different causes are required. Proposal To compile manageable and understandable international statistics on the causes of fires: 1. All known causes should be grouped into no more than five groups. 2. In addition, a group is "Others," i.e., all other known causes are added with smaller individual proportions. 3. Finally, all unknown reasons and those still being evaluated are to be grouped in the "Unknown" group. 4. The five causes of fire and unknown and other causes of fire are to be compared with the corresponding fire objects. That is the only way to avoid the mixing of objects and causes. 5. The fire objects and the causes are to be grouped into five groups, and "Others" and "Unknown" are to be added accordingly. Tables P1-P3 illustrate how the result can look like an example. The distribution of the number of fires is carried out in absolute numbers. Then, a second table presents the percentage distribution. The same applies to showing the number of victims (dead, injured, rescued, affected people). Finally, the statistical distribution of fire damage should be carried out similarly, if possible. Within the tables, all fields with large proportions must be specially marked. These fields are then subject to further detailed investigation. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 97 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Table P-1: Distribution of the number of fires between fire objects and causes of fire Fire Causes % 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Others Unknown Total Type 1 12 8 2 2 2 2 1 29 Type 2 1 6 1 1 1 2 1 13 Type 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 9 Fire Objects, % Type 4 Type 5 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 3 11 13 Others 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 11 Unknown 1 2 4 3 2 1 1 14 Total 18 24 12 13 12 12 9 100 Table P-2: Distribution of the number of deaths between fire objects and causes of fire Fire Causes % 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Others Unknown Total Type 1 25 35 15 1 0 0 1 77 Type 2 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 6 Type 3 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 5 Fire Objects, % Type 4 Type 5 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 5 1 Others 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 5 Unknown 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Total 31 39 19 3 2 2 4 100 Table P-3: Distribution of fire damage between fire objects and causes of fire Fire Causes % 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Others Unknown Total Type 1 5 5 10 1 0 0 1 22 Type 2 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 6 Type 3 1 1 1 4 0 1 1 9 Fire Objects, % Type 4 Type 5 1 1 0 0 20 10 0 15 5 0 1 0 1 0 28 26 Others 1 1 2 1 3 0 0 8 Unknown 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Total 11 9 44 22 8 2 4 100 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 98 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Next steps 1. We kindly ask study the document, and send comments or questions. 2. CTIF-CFS prepare special table for filling. 3. Preparing a new report with updated information. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 99 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Acknowledgement The authors of the report thank the National Committees of CTIF, who sent us the fire statistics for 2021 for analysis. Now the Center of Fire Statistics of CTIF begins work on report 29. We ask all National Committees of CTIF to send us fire statistics of the countries and cities for the year 2022 before May 1, 2024. The report's authors are always grateful for any suggestions to improve the work of the Center for Fire Statistics. Conclusin Los autores del informe agradecen a los Comits Nacionales del CTIF, que enviaron las estadsticas de incendios de 2021 para su anlisis. Ahora el Centro de Estadsticas de Incendios de CTIF comienza a trabajar en el informe N28. Pedimos a todos los Comits Nacionales de CTIF que nos enven las estadsticas de incendios de los pases y ciudades del mundo para el ao 2022 antes del 1 de mayo de 2024. Los autores del informe estn siempre agradecidos por cualquier sugerencia para mejorar el trabajo del Centro de Estadsticas de Incendios. Zusammenfassung Die Autoren des Berichtes danken den Nationalen CTIF-Komitees fr die bersendung der Feuerwehrstatistik aus 2021. Gegenwrtig beginnt das CFS CTIF die Arbeiten am Bericht 28. Wir bitten die Nationalen CTIF-Komitees um bersendung der nationalen Feuerwehrstatistiken fr das Jahr 2022 bis zum 1. Mai 2024. Die Autoren sind wie immer fr jeden Hinweis, Kritiken und Vorschlge zur Verbesserung der internationalen Feuerwehr Statistik dankbar. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 100 Sources / Fuentes / Quellen 1. Data on Fire Statistics of 28 countries in 2021 (Data obtained from responses to the requests of the Fire Statistics Center). 2. Fire and Fire Safety in 2021, Statistics Journal, Statistics of Fires and their analysis -- Moscow, Russia, VNIIPO, 2022. 3. Les Statistiques des Services d'Incendie et de Secours (Statistics of fire service calls in France) -- Edition 2022. 4. The Singapore Civil Defense Force. Annual report, 2022. 5. Fire and rescue statistical release. Great Britain. Department for Communities and Local Government 2022. 6. Annual report. New Zealand Fire service commission. 2022. 7. Hong Kong Fire Services Department Review 2022. 8. LFB I Fire Facts. Fires in Greater London in 2022. www.london-fire.gov.ukand on 9. WHO. Health statistics and information systems. https ://www .who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates/en/indexl.htm 1 Contacts / Contactos / Kontakt E-mail: @gmail.com Prof. Dr. Sergei V. Sokolov E-mail: Dr. Peter Wagner @freenet.de E-Mail: @nfpa.org Birgitte Messerschmidt Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 101 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 1 for filling / Cuadro para completar / Tabelle zum Ausfllen Statistical data Population (thous. inh.) Area (sq.km.) Total number of fire service calls a year: -fires -rescue, technical aid. -medical aid -false calls -other Total number of fires: structure - residential (with chimneys) - all other buildings -vehicle -forests -grass, bushes... -rubbish -other fires Number of fire deaths: structure - residential (with chimneys) - all other buildings -vehicle -other Number of fire injuries: structure - residential (with chimneys) - all other buildings -vehicle -other Number of firefighter deaths Number of firefighter injuries Number of all firefighters: -professionals (full time) -part time -volunteers Number of female firefighters: -professionals (full time) -part time -volunteers Number of young (junior) firefighters: Number of fire stations Number of engines (pumper) Number of ladders and hydraulic lifts Number of other fire automobiles Name of country Name of capital / large city _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 102 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 2 for filling / Cuadro para completar / Tabelle zum Ausfllen Fire Causes Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Others Unknown Total Note: Please enter the number of fires Fire Objects Type 4 Type 5 Others Unknown Total Fire Cause 1st Name, designation Definition / Remark 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Others Unknown Note: Please specify the fire causes as simple as possible Fire Object Name, designation Definition / Remark Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Type 5 Others Unknown Note: Please specify the fire objects as simple as possible _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright by Center for Fire Statistics of CTIF 2023 Year Ao Jahr 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Table/Cuadro/Tabelle 1.1 Total reported fire statistical data, by country, 1993-2021 Datos estadsticos reportados, por pas, 1993-2021 Verdichtete Daten zur Brandsituation der Staaten in den Jahren 1993-2021 Number Total Number Number Average number Average number of fire deaths of countries Cantidad of paises Anzahl der Staaten population, bln.inh. Poblacin total en Miles de Mill. Gesamtbevlkerung in Mrd. of fires, mln. Total de incendios en mill. Anzahl der Brnde in Mio. of fire deaths, thous. Nmero de vctimas fatales x 1.000 Anzahl der Brandtoten in 1000 of fires per 1000 inh. Promedio de incendios por 1000 hab. Mittelwert der Brandanzahl je 1.000 Einw. per per 100000 inh. 100 fires Promedio de vctimas fatales por 100,000 por cada 100 habitantes incendios Mittelwert der Brandtotenanzahl je. 100000 Einw. je 100 Brnde 39 2,4 3,9 30,2 1,6 1,3 0,8 27 1,1 4,0 29,5 3,6 2,7 0,7 42 1,2 4,5 32,5 3,8 2,7 0,7 43 0,9 4,0 29,1 4,4 3,2 0,7 48 2,8 3,7 57,7 1,3 2,1 1,6 47 3,0 3,6 51,7 1,2 1,7 1,4 52 3,1 3,9 51,8 1,3 1,7 1,3 57 3,3 4,5 56,2 1,4 1,7 1,2 46 3,5 3,8 61,9 1,1 1,8 1,6 41 3,5 4,3 62,3 1,2 1,8 1,4 39 3,5 4,5 61,1 1,3 1,7 1,4 44 3,5 4,1 60,1 1,2 1,7 1,5 45 3,5 4,3 57,4 1,2 1,6 1,3 37 3,6 4,1 52,2 1,1 1,5 1,3 40 3,8 4,0 52,5 1,1 1,4 1,3 31 3,5 3,6 48,3 1,0 1,4 1,3 31 3,4 3,3 44,7 1,0 1,3 1,4 33 2,2 3,2 46,1 1,5 2,1 1,4 34 2,3 3,3 48,2 1,4 2,1 1,5 35 1,1 3,1 23,7 2,8 2,2 0,8 31 1,1 2,5 21,7 2,3 2,0 0,9 32 1,1 2,7 20,7 2,5 1,9 0,8 31 1,0 3,5 18,4 3,5 1,8 0,5 39 1,1 3,0 18,0 2,7 1,6 0,6 34 1,1 3,2 16,9 2,9 1,5 0,5 46 2,7 4,5 30,8 1,7 1,1 0,7 34 1,3 3,1 19,2 2,4 1,5 0,6 48 3,3 4,0 20,7 1,2 0,6 0,5 38 1,2 3,1 16,8 2,6 1,4 0,5 39 2,4 3,7 40,1 1,5 1,7 1,1 104,2 1123,6 Country Pas Staat 1 USA 2 Russia 3 Japan 4 Egypt 5 Vietnam 6 France 7 Great Britain 8 Italy 9 Republic of Korea 10 Poland 11 Kazachstan 12 Romania 13 Netherlands 14 Belgium 15 Greece 16 Czech Republic 17 Hungary 18 Austria 19 Switzerland 20 Bulgaria 21 Singapore 22 Kyrgyzstan 23 Finland 24 New Zealand 25 Slovakia 26 Ireland 27 Oman 28 Croatia 29 Moldova 30 Uruguay 31 Mongolia 32 Lithuania 33 Slovenia 34 Estonia 35 Cyprus 36 Bhutan 37 Luxemburg 38 Liechtenstein Population, thous.inh. Habitantes, en miles Einwohner, in 1000 332 031 146 781 125 502 100 075 97 757 67 244 65 185 60 317 51 738 37 700 19 177 19 053 17 591 11 492 10 788 10 701 9 604 8 978 8 703 6 520 5 850 5 552 5 503 5 097 5 042 5 033 4 527 3 872 3 553 3 426 3 400 2 810 2 108 1 330 918 756 643 39 1 266 396 Common indicators of fire statistics in the countries of the World in 2021 Datos estadsticos reportados, por pas, ao 2021 Verdichtete Kennzahlen der Brandsituation in den Staaten fr das Jahr 2021 Number of Average number: calls fires fire deaths Nmero de fire injuries per 1000 inh.: calls fires fire deaths per: 100000 inh. 100 fires Promedios: Llamados Incendios Vctimas Lesionados Por 1.000 hab. Vctimas fatales Fatales Llamados Incendios 100.000 hab. 100 incendios Absolute Anzahl Mittelwerte: Einstze Brnde Brandtote je 1000 Einw. Brandtotenzahl Verletzte Einstze Brnde 100000 Einw. 100 Brnde 36 624 000 1 353 500 3 800 14 700 110,3 4,1 1,1 0,3 - 405 971 8 473 8 403 - 2,8 5,8 2,1 8 016 669 35 222 1 417 5 433 63,9 0,3 1,1 4,0 - 51 533 252 824 - 0,5 0,3 0,5 7 680 2 245 85 130 0,1 0,0 0,1 3,8 4 680 900 254 151 277 13 905 69,6 3,8 0,4 0,1 636 088 186 571 311 7 772 9,8 2,9 0,5 0,2 912 593 264 664 - - 15,1 4,4 - - - 36 267 276 1 854 - 0,7 0,5 0,8 579 713 106 466 516 2 444 15,4 2,8 1,4 0,5 76 592 12 256 - 413 4,0 0,6 - - 591 105 30 597 255 681 31,0 1,6 1,3 0,8 135 359 44 313 33 - 7,7 2,5 0,2 0,1 203 094 32 619 58 1 573 17,7 2,8 0,5 0,2 76 726 28 894 63 44 7,1 2,7 0,6 0,2 2 319 720 16 162 110 1 221 216,8 1,5 1,0 0,7 78 375 22 428 100 629 8,2 2,3 1,0 0,4 300 620 85 361 51 - 33,5 9,5 0,6 0,1 83 970 12 600 17 - 9,6 1,4 0,2 0,1 55 059 30 918 184 - 8,4 4,7 2,8 0,6 213 615 1 844 3 194 36,5 0,3 0,1 0,2 - 3 050 37 -- 0,5 0,7 1,2 2 782 980 12 245 51 531 505,7 2,2 0,9 0,4 84 688 20 005 23 308 16,6 3,9 0,5 0,1 1 080 333 7 710 60 191 214,3 1,5 1,2 0,8 119 092 20 545 20 - 23,7 4,1 0,4 0,1 - 4 057 - -- 0,9 - - 43 843 14 087 31 127 11,3 3,6 0,8 0,2 - 1 608 88 -- 0,5 2,5 5,5 33 173 22 691 44 381 9,7 6,6 1,3 0,2 4 380 2 671 61 - 1,3 0,8 1,8 2,3 29 779 8 333 94 172 10,6 3,0 3,3 1,1 24 706 7 819 0 33 11,7 3,7 0,0 0,0 27 502 3 873 39 103 20,7 2,9 2,9 1,0 12 333 7 347 57 19 13,4 8,0 6,2 0,8 - 155 4 0- 0,2 0,5 2,6 229 303 2 295 0 46 356,6 3,6 0,0 0,0 6 345 35 0 1 162,7 0,9 0,0 0,0 60 070 335 3 153 108 16 890 62 132 47,4 2,5 1,3 0,5 Table/Cuadro/Tabelle 1.2 fire injuries per: 100000 inh. 100 fires Lesionados 100.000 hab. 100 incendios Verletztenzahl 100000 Einw. 100 Brnde 4,4 1,1 5,7 2,1 4,3 15,4 0,8 1,6 0,1 5,8 20,7 5,5 11,9 4,2 - - 3,6 5,1 6,5 2,3 2,2 3,4 3,6 2,2 - - 13,7 4,8 0,4 0,2 11,4 7,6 6,5 2,8 - - - - - - 3,3 10,5 - - 9,6 4,3 6,0 1,5 3,8 2,5 - - - - 3,3 0,9 - - 11,1 1,7 - - 6,1 2,1 1,6 0,4 7,7 2,7 2,1 0,3 0,0 0,0 7,2 2,0 2,6 2,9 4,9 2,0 Type of fire service calls in the countries of the World in 2021 Tipo de llamado, por pas, ao 2021 Struktur der Feuerwehreinstze in den Staaten im Jahr 2021 Population Number of calls Country thous.inh. fires in accidents* in % % medical in aid % false calls Cantidad de llamados ... Pas Habitantes, en en Asistencia en Falsas en miles Incendios % Accidentes* % mdica % alarmas Einwohner Anzahl der Einstze ... Staat in 1000 zu in zu in Brnden % Havarien % Medizin. in Fehl- Hilfe % einstze 1 USA 2 Japan 332 031 1 353 500 3,4 125 502 35 222 0,4 - - - - 26 291 000 66,5 5 743 494 72,0 2 904 500 375 603 3 France 67 244 254 200 5,5 341 800 7,4 3 717 600 86,2 - 4 Poland 37 700 106 466 18,4 82 280 14,2 93 664 16,2 45 208 5 Kazachstan 6 Romania 7 Netherland 8 Belgium 19 177 12 256 16,0 19 053 30 597 5,2 17 591 44 313 32,7 11 492 32 619 16,1 12 947 16,9 114 014 19,3 33 982 25,1 109 419 53,9 - - 442 245 74,8 17 491 12,9 - - 146 4 249 22 469 9 Greece 10 788 28 894 37,7 21 130 27,5 - - 7 975 10 Hungary 11 Austria 12 Switzerland 9 604 22 428 28,6 8 978 85 361 28,4 8 703 12 600 15,0 36 297 46,3 188 541 62,7 27 610 32,9 - - - - 19 650 11 948 18 505 13 Bulgaria 6 520 30 918 56,2 14 571 26,5 292 0,5 1 840 14 Singapore 5 850 1 844 0,9 7 832 3,8 159 479 77,3 5 598 15 Finland 5 503 12 245 0,4 43 300 1,6 - - 732 200 16 New Zealand 17 Ireland 5 097 20 005 23,6 4 922 20 545 17,4 11 023 8,9 12 489 10,6 14 969 17,7 78 856 66,8 6 223 18 Croatia 19 Uruguay 20 Lithuania 21 Slovenia 22 Estonia 23 Cyprus 3 872 14 087 32,1 26 792 58,5 3 426 22 691 68,4 910 2,6 2 810 8 333 29,7 11 967 42,6 2 108 7 819 35,2 11 549 51,9 1 330 3 869 14,1 9 547 34,7 918 7 383 59,9 4 193 34,0 710 219 2 168 195 3,8 1 122 193 1,9 741 1,7 - - 0 0,0 - - - - 3 0,0 36 559 834 63,4 126 3 667 178 1 213 8 545 754 4 170 597 * - This position includes all kinds of non-fire incidents Table/Cuadro/Tabelle 1.3 in other in % % en Otros en % % in Sonstiges in % % 7,3 8 979 500 22,7 4,7 1 826 336 22,9 - 317 400 6,9 7,8 252 097 43,5 0,2 51 243 66,9 0,7 -- - 39 573 29,2 11,1 38 587 19,0 10,4 18 727 24,4 25,1 -- 4,0 14 770 4,9 22,0 25 255 30,1 3,3 7 438 13,5 2,7 31 656 15,3 26,3 1 993 205 71,7 - 38 628 45,6 5,3 -- 0,3 2 091 4,8 11,1 5 905 17,8 0,6 7 606 27,1 5,5 1 657 7,5 31,1 5 541 20,1 6,1 0 0,0 7,2 13 657 215 23,7 Country Pas Staat 1 USA 2 Russia 3 Japan 4 France 5 Poland 6 Kazachstan 7 Romania 8 Netherlands 9 Belgium 10 Greece 11 Czech Republic 12 Hungary 13 Austria 14 Bulgaria 15 Finland 16 New Zealand 17 Slovakia 18 Ireland 19 Croatia 20 Lithuania 21 Estonia 22 Cyprus 23 Slovenia 24 Liechtenstein Population, thous.inh. Habitantes, en miles Einwohner in 10000 332 031 146 781 125 502 67 244 37 700 19 177 19 053 17 591 11 492 10 788 10 516 9 604 8 978 6 520 5 503 5 097 5 042 5 011 3 872 2 810 1 329 918 2 108 39 854 706 Distribution of fires by types in the countries of the World in 2021 Distribucin de tipos de incendios en los pases del mundo ao 2021 Verteilung der Brnde nach Objekten der Brandentstehung in den Staaten im Jahr 2021 Number of fires ... structure fires grass, residential in % others in % all in % vehicles in % forests in % brush Cantidad de incendios ... Fuego estructural Vehculos % Forestal % residencial % Otros % todos % Pastizal, Matorral Anzahl der Brnde ... in Gebuden Wohnung in % andere in % alle in % Transport in % im Wald in % Gras usw. 361 000 26,7 125 500 9,3 486 500 35,9 208 500 15,4 - - 269 500 114 378 28,2 33 273 8,2 147 651 36,4 17 249 4,2 15 112 3,7 104 982 - - - - 19 549 55,5 3 512 10,0 - - 1227 - - - - 82 144 32,3 45 170 17,8 - - 39 050 33 867 31,8 8 007 7,5 41 874 39,3 9 654 9,1 2 938 2,8 19 450 7 366 60,1 1 005 8,2 8 371 68,3 2 243 18,3 748 6,1 613 4 288 14,0 7 086 23,2 11 374 37,2 1 897 6,2 222 0,7 9 615 7 208 16,3 - - 7 208 16,3 - - - - 212 7 962 24,4 2 806 8,6 10 768 33,0 2 943 9,0 73 0,2 1 169 - - - - 5 155 17,8 1 479 5,1 1 941 6,7 4 928 3 469 21,5 1 623 10,0 5 092 31,5 2 254 13,9 1 517 9,4 319 7 188 32,0 2 063 9,2 9 251 41,2 985 4,4 4 541 20,2 - - - - - 16 641 19,5 1 793 2,1 - - 3 723 3 386 10,9 4 741 15,3 8 127 26,1 1 958 6,3 164 0,5 10 645 1 944 14,6 3 269 24,6 5 213 39,3 2 179 16,4 1 297 9,8 1 153 - - - - 4 850 24,2 2 291 11,5 - - 4 141 1 600 20,8 545 7,1 2 145 27,8 787 10,2 101 1,3 1 223 4 894 21,6 1 126 5,5 6 020 27,0 1 852 8,2 - - 2 158 1 259 8,9 3 256 37,6 4 515 46,5 906 6,4 - - 5 420 1 856 22,3 1926 23,1 3 782 45,4 949 11,4 89 1,2 987 742 19,2 453 11,7 1 195 30,9 329 8,5 814 21,0 - - - - - 369 5,0 369 5,0 40 0,5 3 946 2 437 31,2 1 545 19,8 3 982 51,1 781 10,0 232 3,0 2 322 9 25,7 15 42,9 24 68,6 3 8,6 0 0,0 6 564 853 23,2 198 239 8,1 763 092 31,3 310 083 12,7 29 829 1,2 486 789 in % % in % 19,9 25,9 3,5 15,4 18,3 5,0 31,4 0,5 3,6 17,1 2,0 4,4 34,2 8,7 20,7 15,9 9,5 38,5 11,8 77,5 29,8 17,1 20,0 Table/Cuadro/Tabelle 1.4 rubbish in % other in % Basura % Otros % Abfall, Mll 229 500 100 017 13 343 326 4 691 1 368 3 758 1 899 8 392 976 3 984 1 357 6 494 1 953 1437 1 100 365 482 1 381 443 in % 17,0 24,6 12,5 1,1 14,4 4,7 23,3 8,5 27,0 7,4 19,9 17,6 28,6 13,9 17,2 28,4 4,9 6,2 2,9 15,7 Sonstige 159 500 20 960 10934 87 787 19 207 281 7 163 36 893 12 975 14 023 3 222 5 752 63 204 1 802 2 459 4 739 2 097 6 179 1 293 1089 435 2 294 1 464 289 in % 11,8 5,2 31,0 34,5 18,0 2,3 23,4 83,3 39,8 48,5 19,9 25,6 74,0 5,8 18,5 23,7 27,2 27,2 9,2 13,1 11,2 31,1 2,9 19,1 Table/Cuadro/Tabelle 1.5 Distribution of fire deaths by type of fires in the countries of the World in 2021 Distribucin de fallecidos segn tipo de incendio el pases del mundo ao 2021 Verteilung der Brndtote nach Objekten der Brandentstehung in den Staaten im Jahr 2021 Country Population, thous.inh. Number of fire deaths structure fires residential in % all others in % vehicles in % other in % Pas Habitantes, en miles Muertos en incendios Incendios Estructurales vehculos Residencial en % Otros en % en % otros en % Staat Einwohner in 10000 Wohnung in Gebuden Anzahl der Brndtote in % andere in % Transport in % Sonstige in % 1 USA 2 Russia 3 Poland 4 Romania 5 Netherlands 6 Belgium 7 Czech Republic 8 Hungary 9 Bulgaria 10 Finland 11 Slovakia 12 Croatia 13 Lithuania 14 Estonia 15 Liechtenstein 332 031 146 781 37 700 19 053 17 591 11 492 10 516 9 604 6 520 5 503 5 042 3 872 2 810 1 330 602 610 447 2 880 7 624 421 252 10 34 59 83 148 25 43 0 55 38 1 11 673 75,8 90,0 81,6 98,8 30,3 58,6 53,6 83,0 80,4 49,0 71,7 0,0 58,5 97,4 100,0 84,6 130 3,4 519 6,1 25 4,8 3 1,2 23 69,7 4 6,9 14 12,7 4 4,0 29 15,8 22 43,1 2 3,3 26 83,9 31 33,0 1 2,6 0 0,0 833 6,0 680 17,9 114 1,3 55 10,7 0 0,0 0 0,0 9 15,5 15 13,6 2 2,0 5 2,7 2 3,9 4 6,7 2 6,5 0 0,0 0 0,0 0 0,0 888 6,4 110 2,9 216 2,5 15 2,9 0 0,0 0 0,0 11 19,0 22 20,0 11 11,0 2 1,1 2 3,9 11 18,3 3 9,7 8 8,5 0 0,0 0 0,0 411 3,0 Table/Cuadro/Tabelle 1.6 Distribution of fire injuries by type of fire in the countries of the World in 2021 Distribucin de lesionados segn tipo de incendio en paises del mundo en 2021 Verteilung der Verletzte nach Objekten der Brandentstehung in den Staaten im Jahr 2021 Country Population, thous.inh. Number of fire injuries structure fires residential in % all others in % vehicles in % other in % Pas Habitantes, en miles Cantidad de lesionados incendios estructurales vehculos en % residencial en % otros en % otros en % Staat Einwohner in 10000 Wohnung Anzahl der Verletzte in Gebuden in % andere Transport in % in % Sonstige in % 1 USA 332 031 11 500 78,2 1 100 7,5 1 500 10,2 600 4,1 2 Russia 146 781 6 174 73,5 739 8,8 323 3,8 1 167 13,9 3 Poland 37 700 1 883 77,0 179 7,3 196 8,0 186 7,6 4 Romania 19 053 440 64,6 142 20,9 57 8,4 42 6,2 5 Belgium 11 492 994 63,2 212 13,5 109 6,9 258 16,4 6 Czech Republic 10 516 649 53,2 234 19,2 141 11,5 197 16,1 7 Hungary 9 604 460 73,1 64 10,2 32 5,1 73 11,6 8 Finland 5 503 331 62,3 121 22,8 49 9,2 30 5,6 9 Slovakia 5 042 119 62,3 22 11,5 18 9,4 32 16,8 10 Croatia 4 047 3 2,4 97 76,4 8 6,3 19 15,0 11 Lithuania 2 810 57 33,1 101 58,7 9 5,2 5 2,9 12 Slovenia 2 108 17 35,4 16 33,3 3 6,3 12 25,0 13 Estonia 1 330 85 82,5 9 8,7 4 3,9 5 4,9 588 017 22 712 73,7 3 036 9,8 2 449 7,9 2 626 8,5 Country Pas Staat 1 USA 2 Bangladesh 3 Russia 4 Japan 5 Vietnam 6 Germany 7 France 8 Great Britain 9 Italy 10 Republic of Korea 11 Spain 12 Ukraine 13 Poland 14 Peru 15 Kazachstan 16 Romania 17 Netherlands 18 Belgium 19 Greece 20 Czech Republic 21 Jordan 22 Sweden 23 Hungary 24 Belarus 25 Israel 26 Austria 27 Switzerland 28 Israel 29 Bulgaria 30 Singapore 31 Denmark 32 Finland 33 Norway 34 New Zealand 35 Slovakia 36 Costa Rica 37 Ireland 38 Kuwait 39 Croatia 40 Uruguay 41 Mongolia 42 Armenia 43 Qatar 44 Lithuania 45 Slovenia 46 Latvia 47 Estonia 48 Mauritius 49 Cyprus 50 Luxemburg 51 Brunei 52 Andora 53 Liechtenstein Table/Cuadro/Tabelle 1.7 Trends in calls in the countries of the World in 2017-2021 Dinmica en las operaciones en pases del mundo para los aos 2017-2021 Dynamik der Einstze in den Staaten der Welt fr die Jahre 2017-2021 Population, thous. inh. 2017 2018 Number of calls 2019 2020 2021 Average per year per 1000 inh. a year Habitantes, en miles Einwohner in 1000 2017 2017 Cantidad de operaciones 2018 2019 2020 Gesamtanzahl der Einstze 2018 2019 2020 2021 2021 Promedio Por ao Por ao y 1000 hab Mittelwert je Jahr je Jahr und 1000 Einw. 332 031 34 683 500 34 746 500 37 272 000 35 026 000 36 624 000 35 670 400 107,43 166 303 - - 93 844 67 568 - 80 706 0,49 146 781 - 995 687 1 161 581 - - 1 078 634 7,35 125 502 - - 8 768 855 7 932 672 8 016 669 8 239 399 65,65 97 757 - - - 8 046 7 680 7 863 0,08 83 020 4 230 433 4 292 022 4 315 723 - - 4 279 393 51,55 67 244 4 658 600 4 942 906 4 819 900 4 290 700 4 680 900 4 678 601 69,58 65 185 60 317 51 738 689 169 1 000 071 - 694 771 908 890 150 069 705 924 944 332 - 685 083 884 128 11 274 559 636 088 912 593 - 682 207 930 003 5 712 314 10,47 15,42 110,41 46 570 335 317 - - - - 335 317 7,20 41 745 229 313 230 952 269 160 279 671 - 252 274 6,04 37 700 519 902 502 200 512 500 583 300 579 713 539 523 14,31 32 000 119 380 121 998 - - - 120 689 3,77 19 177 59 203 55 102 63 727 55 102 76 592 61 945 3,23 19 053 421 015 - - 525 916 591 105 512 679 26,91 17 591 115 340 148 900 143 500 - 135 359 135 775 7,72 11 495 - - - 251 551 203 094 227 323 19,78 10 788 - 65 298 72 545 76 305 76 726 72 719 6,74 10 701 - - 2 298 681 2 289 149 2 319 720 2 302 517 215,17 10 659 46 600 56 326 769 780 - - 290 902 27,29 10 379 127750 133955 128 044 120 173 - 127 481 12,28 9 604 77 969 68 337 79 922 77 328 78 375 76 386 7,95 9 408 46 457 52 974 81 590 - - 60 340 6,41 9 291 - - 71 618 65 770 - 68 694 7,39 8 978 302 154 278 672 278 672 247 436 300 620 281 511 31,36 8 703 72 185 77 304 70 939 70 493 83 970 74 978 8,62 8 300 - - - 65 770 - 65 770 7,92 6 520 60 536 56 120 - 56 057 55 059 56 943 8,73 5 850 188 761 191 492 194 330 196 345 213 615 196 909 33,66 5 786 41 040 42 876 39 775 37 496 - 40 297 6,96 5 503 104 392 113 464 - 2 787 190 2 782 980 1 447 007 262,95 5 109 86 253 96 955 93 768 84 862 90 605 90 489 17,71 5 097 77 465 82 136 82 632 83 669 84 688 82 118 16,11 5 042 - 31 326 123 484 127 408 1 080 333 340 638 67,56 4 973 67 856 41 881 - - - 54 869 11,03 4 920 - 242 631 120 024 114 080 119 092 148 957 30,28 4 137 14 087 - - - - 14 087 3,41 3 872 23 341 22 927 31 393 37 834 43 843 31 868 8,23 3 426 - - - - 33 173 33 173 9,68 3 400 - - 4 990 4 006 4 380 4 459 1,31 2 973 - - - 10 669 - 10 669 3,59 2 881 - 3 125 - - - 3 125 1,08 2 810 26 954 22 142 30 666 29 305 29 779 27 769 9,88 2 108 - 153 313 - 28 677 24 706 68 899 32,68 1 908 18 638 - 20 749 19 124 22 215 20 182 10,58 1 329 26 120 26 163 26 076 14 879 27 502 24 148 18,17 1 300 10 941 12 634 - - - 11 788 9,07 918 - - - 11 985 12 333 12 159 13,25 602 - 61 157 - - 229 303 145 230 241,25 437 - - 7 218 6 759 - 6 989 15,99 78 6 623 - 6 623 84,91 39 - - - - 6 345 6 345 162,69 1 599 038 48 480 742 49 723 205 63 697 942 68 533 688 60 183 155 58 123 746 36,35 Table/Cuadro/Tabelle 1.8 Trends in fires in the countries of the World in 2017-2021 Dinamica de los incendios en parses del mundeo para los arios 2017-20210 Dynamik der Brandzahlen in den Staaten der Welt fur die Jahre 2017 2021 Country Population, thous. inh. 2017 Number of fires 2018 2019 2020 2021 Average per year per 1000 inh. a year Na Pais Habitantes, en miles 2017 Cantidad de incendios 2018 2019 2020 2021 Promedio Por ano Por alio y 1000 hab. Staat Einwohner in 1000 2017 Gesamtanzahl der Brande 2018 2019 2020 2021 Mittelwert je Jahr je Jahr und 1000 Einw. 1 China 2 India 3 USA 1 390 000 1 359 000 332 031 1 319 500 1 600 000 1 318 500 1 291 500 252 000 1 388 500 1 353 500 252 000 1 600 000 1 334 300 0,18 1,18 4,02 4 Nigeria 5 Bangladesh 206 100 166 303 18 105 19 642 24 074 2 056 21 073 2 056 20 724 0,01 0,12 6 Russia 7 Japan 8 Philli..ines 9 Egypt 10 Vietnam 11 Germany 12 France 13 Great Britain 146 781 125 502 108 771 100 075 97 757 83 020 67 244 65 185 132 844 39 773 14 197 4 074 203 419 306 600 200 056 144 199 37 981 16 675 4 182 248 077 305 500 204 525 471 426 37 683 20 109 50 662 3 790 224 966 316 100 222 511 454 206 34 691 15 195 51 963 2 764 230 000 282 800 189 266 405 971 35 222 51 533 2 245 - 254 151 186 571 321 729 37 070 16 544 51 386 3 411 226 616 293 030 200 586 2,19 0,30 0,15 0,51 0,03 2,73 4,36 3,08 14 Ital 15 Republic of Korea 16 Myanmar 17 Spain 18 Argentina 19 Ukraine 20 Poland 60 317 51 738 51 486 46 570 44 556 41 745 37 700 325 941 44 178 1 832 130 985 73769 84 089 125 892 213 116 42 338 1 739 118 892 87853 78 602 149 434 252 384 40 030 2 155 129 544 - 96 812 153 500 242 205 38 659 - 101 279 128 800 264 664 36 267 - 106 466 259 662 40 294 1 909 126 474 80 811 90 196 132 818 4,30 0,78 0,04 2,72 1,81 2,16 3,52 21 Saudi Arabia 22 Malaysia 34 218 32 370 44 258 29 356 44 602 36 758 44 581 50 720 38 865 - 44 480 1,30 38 925 1,20 23 Peru 24 Nepal 25 Taiwan 26 Kazachstan 32 000 30 430 23 561 19 177 12 114 110 30 464 14 724 13 729 167 27 922 14 557 14 263 - 22 866 13 850 14 249 - 51 495 13 933 12 256 13 589 139 33 187 13 864 0,42 0,00 1,41 0,72 27 Romania 28 Netherlands 29 Senegal 30 Belgium 31 Tunis 19 053 17 591 17 098 11 492 11 403 33 351 72 980 28 468 76 020 38 900 3 391 - 1 659 33 883 35 208 - 30 597 44 313 32 619 - 31 575 58 053 3 391 33 914 1 659 1,66 3,30 0,20 2,95 0,15 32 Greece 33 Czech Republic 34 Jordan 35 Sweden 36 Hungary 37 Belarus 38 Israel 39 Austria 40 Switzerland 41 Serbia 42 Bulgaria 43 Singapore 10 788 10 701 10 659 10 379 9 604 9 408 9 291 8 879 8 703 7 187 6 520 5 850 27 793 16 757 23 041 27 783 25 303 5 460 46290 47 951 13 437 31 331 34 373 3 871 24 459 20 720 24 490 31 376 19 355 6 435 49873 43 554 13 178 24 635 29 448 3 885 27 784 18 813 36 650 26 445 20 913 6 100 50 958 43 370 12 935 42 141 2 862 31 908 17 346 25 502 20 716 46 458 54 701 13 475 33 693 1 877 28 894 16 162 22 428 85 361 12 600 30 918 1 844 28 168 17 960 28 060 27 777 21 743 5 998 48 395 54 987 13 125 27 983 34 115 2 868 2,61 1,68 2,63 2,68 2,26 0,64 5,21 6,19 1,51 3,89 5,23 0,49 44 Denmark 45 Kyrgyzstan 46 Finland 47 New Zealand 48 Slovakia 49 Ireland 50 Costa Rica 5 825 13 107 15 081 11 206 10 920 - 12 579 2,16 5 522 3 739 4 808 3 955 2 778 3 050 3 666 0,66 5 503 11 851 14 264 - 12 043 12 245 12 601 2,29 5 097 9 095 18 519 20 714 22 575 20 005 18 182 3,57 5 042 8 973 9 288 9 602 8 704 7 710 8 855 1,76 5II M 20 756 21 759 20 545 22 295 4,45 4 973 19 533 23 862 - - - 21 698 4,36 51 Oman 52 Kuwait 53 Croatia 54 Moldova 4 527 4 137 3 872 3 553 4 748 4 882 14 507 1 609 4 602 3 394 9 968 1 650 14 980 1 653 - 14 452 1 758 4 057 - 14 087 1 608 4 469 4 138 13 599 1 656 0,99 1,00 3,51 0,47 55 Uru.ua 56 Mongolia 57 Qatar 58 Lithuania 3 426 3 400 2 881 2 810 3 536 9 394 5 573 3 612 11 848 - 4 330 11 509 - 3 178 8 846 6 519 22 691 2 671 8 333 22 691 3 465 10 399 6 808 6,62 1,02 3,61 2,42 59 Armenia 60 Slovenia 61 Latvia 62 Estonia 63 Mauritius 2 728 2 108 1 908 1 329 1 300 1 663 9 137 4 733 6 940 1 922 4 119 9 134 5 353 6 664 2 260 - 10 095 4 675 - 2 196 7 778 7 551 3 989 7 819 3 873 - 2 010 6 572 8 979 4 525 6 802 0,74 3,12 4,71 3,40 5,23 64 Cyprus 65 Bhutan 66 Luxemburg 67 Brunei 918 7 203 7 347 7 275 7,92 756 88 100 100 155 111 0,15 602 1 995 - - 2 295 2 145 3,56 437 804 1 249 2 045 1 124 - 1 306 2,99 68 Barbados 69 Andorra 70 Liechtenstein 277 1 925 - - - 1 925 6,95 78 - - 247 247 3,17 39 42 49 45 35 43 1,10 E 5 016 302 3 721 792 5 304 819 3 934 276 4 012 531 3 153 108 4 025 305 0,80 Table/Cuadro/Tabelle 1.9 Trends in fire deaths in the countries of the World in 2017-2021 2017-2021 Dynamik der Brandtotenzahlen in den Staaten fr die Jahre 2017-2021 Country Pas Population, thous. inh. Habitantes, en miles 2017 2017 Number of fire deaths 2018 2019 2020 Fallecidos por incendios 2018 2019 2020 2021 2021 Average number per year 100000 inh. 100 fires Promedio por ao 100000 100 hab. incendios Staat 1 China Einwohner in 1000 1 390 000 Anzahl der Brandtoten 2017 2018 2019 2020 - - - 1 183 2021 - je Jahr 1 183 Mittelwert je 100000 Einw. 0,09 je 100 Brnde 0,47 2 India 1 359 000 13 159 12 747 10 915 - - 12 274 0,90 0,77 3 USA 332 031 3 400 3 655 3 704 3 500 3 800 3 612 1,09 0,27 4 Nigeria 206 100 - - - 147 - 147 0,07 7,15 5 Bangladesh 166 303 45 130 185 154 - 129 0,08 0,62 6 Russia 146 781 7 816 7 913 8 559 8 313 8 473 8 215 5,60 2,55 7 Japan 125 502 1 456 1 427 1 486 1 326 1 417 1 422 1,13 3,84 8 Philippines 108 771 - 326 448 253 - 342 0,31 2,07 9 Egypt 100 075 - - 252 199 252 234 0,23 0,46 10 Vietnam 97 757 96 90 85 75 85 86 0,09 2,53 11 Germany 83 020 370 355 387 319 - 358 0,43 0,16 12 France 67 244 277 262 261 249 277 265 0,39 0,09 13 Great Britain 65 185 328 400 319 289 311 329 0,51 0,16 14 Italy 60 317 288 - - - - 288 0,48 0,11 15 Republic of Korea 51 738 345 369 284 364 276 328 0,63 0,81 16 Myanmar 51 466 104 61 79 - - 81 0,16 4,26 17 Spain 46 570 212 123 165 - - 167 0,36 0,13 18 Argentina 44 556 142 163 - - - 153 0,34 0,19 19 Ukraine 41 745 1 819 1 967 1 909 1 728 - 1 856 4,45 2,06 20 Poland 37 700 475 527 508 488 516 503 1,33 0,38 21 Saidi Arabia 34 218 201 124 183 - - 169 0,49 0,38 22 Malaysia 32 370 - - 121 118 - 120 0,37 0,31 23 Nepal 30 430 3 8 - - - 6 0,02 3,97 24 Taiwan 23 561 178 173 - 161 - 171 0,72 0,51 25 Kazachstan 19 177 342 434 323 389 - 372 1,94 2,68 26 Romania 19 053 241 292 255 255 261 1,37 0,83 27 Netherlands 17 591 40 52 22 - 33 37 0,21 0,06 28 Belgium 11 492 - - - 66 58 62 0,54 0,18 29 Greece 10 788 31 131 21 69 63 63 0,58 0,22 30 Czech Republic 10 701 92 100 128 144 110 115 1,07 0,64 31 Jordan 10 659 28 24 52 - - 35 0,33 0,12 32 Sweden 10 379 105 74 78 89 - 87 0,83 0,31 33 Hungary 9 604 121 106 113 107 100 109 1,14 0,50 34 Belarus 9 408 490 525 489 - - 501 5,33 8,36 35 Israel 9 291 17 19 21 22 - 20 0,21 0,04 36 Austria 8 879 - - - 41 51 46 0,52 0,08 37 Switzerland 8 703 14 22 18 17 17 18 0,20 0,13 38 Serbia 7 187 128 89 - - - 109 1,51 0,39 39 Bulgaria 6 520 146 145 134 130 184 148 2,27 0,43 40 Singapore 5 850 1 4 1 1 3 2 0,03 0,07 41 Denmark 5 786 61 71 49 54 - 59 1,02 0,47 42 Kyrgyzstan 5 522 66 59 50 43 37 51 0,92 1,39 43 Finland 5 503 61 58 49 49 51 54 0,97 0,43 44 Norway 5 109 26 39 41 45 - 38 0,74 - 45 New Zealand 5 097 14 - 21 15 23 18 0,36 0,10 46 Slovakia 5 042 55 49 45 47 60 51 1,02 0,58 47 Ireland 5 011 41 18 16 29 20 25 0,49 0,11 48 Costa Rica 4 973 14 30 - - - 22 0,44 0,10 49 Kuwait 4 137 31 24 - - - 28 0,66 0,66 50 Croatia 3 872 32 23 30 30 31 29 0,75 0,21 51 Moldova 52 Uruguay 3 553 80 120 121 117 88 105 2,96 6,35 3 426 - - - - 44 44 1,28 0,19 53 Mongolia 3 296 44 77 54 77 61 63 1,90 1,81 54 Qatar 2 881 7 2 3 17 - 7 0,25 0,07 55 Lithuania 2 810 103 86 70 95 94 90 3,19 1,32 56 Armenia 2 728 6 - - 12 - 9 0,33 0,45 57 Slovenia 2 108 - 7 13 8 0 7 0,33 0,11 58 Latvia 1 908 79 81 76 84 - 80 4,19 0,89 59 Estonia 1 329 38 50 43 36 39 41 3,10 0,91 60 Cyprus 918 - - - 3 57 30 3,27 0,41 61 Bhutan 756 0 4 - 1 4 2 0,30 2,03 62 Luxemburg 602 - 0 - - 0 0 0,00 0,00 63 Brunei 437 4 2 1 - - 2 0,53 0,18 64 Iceland 357 - 3 1 6 - 3 0,93 - 65 Liechtenstein 39 - 0 1 1 0 1 1,28 1,17 4 954 922 33 272 33 640 31 934 20 965 16 890 35 277 0,71 0,88 Country Table/Cuadro/Tabelle 1.10 Trends in fire injuries in the countries of the World in 2017-2021 Dinmica en lesionados por incendios en pases del mundo aos 2017-2021 Dynamik der Brandverletzten in den Staaten fr die Jahre 2017-2021 Population, thous. inh. 2017 Number of fire injuries 2018 2019 2020 2021 Average number per year per 100 thous.inh. per 100 fires Pas Habitantes, en miles 2017 Lesionados por incendios 2018 2019 2020 2021 Promedio por ao por 100000 por 100 hab. incendios Staat Einwohner in 1000 2017 Anzahl der Brandverletzten 2018 2019 2020 2021 je Jahr Mittelwert je 100000 Einw. je 100 Brnde 1 USA 2 Bangladesh 3 Russia 4 Japan 5 Philippines 6 Egypt 7 Vietnam 8 France 9 Great Britain 10 Republic of Korea 11 Myanmar 12 Ukraine 13 Poland 14 Saudi Arabia 15 Malaysia 16 Nepal 17 Taiwan 18 Kazachstan 19 Romania 20 Belgium 21 Greece 22 Czech Republic 23 Jordan 24 Sweden 25 Hungary 26 Belarus 27 Israel 28 Serbia 29 Bulgaria 30 Singapore 31 Kyrgyzstan 32 Finland 33 New Zealand 34 Slovakia 35 CostaRica 36 Kuwait 37 Croatia 38 Uruguay 39 Mongolia 40 Qatar 41 Lithuania 42 Armenia 43 Slovenia 44 Latvia 45 Estonia 46 Cyprus 47 Luxemburg 48 Brunei 49 Liechtenstein 332 031 166 303 146 781 126 146 108 771 100 075 97 757 67 244 64 903 51 738 51 486 41 745 37 700 34 218 32 370 30 430 23 561 19 177 19 053 11 492 10 788 10 701 10 659 10 379 9 604 9 408 9 291 7 187 6 520 5 850 5 522 5 503 5 097 5 042 4 973 4 137 3 872 3 426 3 400 2 881 2 810 2 728 2 108 1 908 1 329 880 643 437 39 1 710 103 14 670 269 9 355 6 052 203 1 226 8 897 1 852 125 1 474 4 328 1 834 2 801 712 48 1 392 1 089 414 897 264 474 301 60 696 224 71 265 117 181 54 381 102 8 - 58 838 15 200 664 9 650 6 114 208 1 282 8 944 2 225 1 516 4 335 1 756 30 412 663 187 1 466 1 058 390 832 311 347 295 90 54 670 194 73 117 115 174 284 301 100 0 60 057 16 600 586 8 461 5 865 1 248 1 203 126 1 289 8 750 2 219 226 1 523 3 782 2 059 455 - 978 - 36 1 388 1 092 882 758 444 686 293 142 273 343 - - 166 - 68 - 164 - 209 279 113 5 - 62 711 15 200 317 8 434 5 583 721 878 144 24 798 1 915 1 453 2 838 413 464 363 681 1 247 44 1 250 784 756 669 184 595 301 240 - - 131 - 45 105 141 42 155 273 120 103 17 - 71 404 14 700 - 8 403 5 433 824 130 13 905 7 772 1 854 2 444 413 681 1 573 44 1 221 629 194 531 308 191 - - 127 381 172 33 103 19 46 1 62 132 15 274 459 8 861 5 809 985 968 162 8 500 8 591 2 013 176 1 492 3 545 1 883 434 16 464 593 684 1 410 72 1 343 1 080 618 774 340 678 411 296 134 54 623 294 238 72 265 132 381 57 110 166 48 170 309 108 61 46 10 1 63 028 4,60 0,28 6,04 4,61 0,91 0,97 0,17 12,64 13,24 3,89 0,34 3,57 9,40 5,50 1,34 0,05 1,97 3,09 3,59 12,27 0,67 12,55 10,13 5,95 8,06 3,61 7,29 5,71 4,54 2,29 0,98 11,32 5,77 4,73 1,45 6,41 3,40 11,12 1,66 3,82 5,92 1,76 8,08 16,17 8,10 6,93 7,15 2,29 1,28 3,69 1,14 2,21 2,75 15,67 5,95 1,88 4,76 2,90 4,28 5,00 9,19 1,65 2,67 4,23 1,11 11,55 1,40 1,88 4,94 4,16 0,25 7,48 3,85 2,22 3,56 5,66 1,40 1,47 0,87 4,67 1,47 4,94 3,32 1,31 0,33 5,93 3,18 2,80 3,41 3,17 1,60 0,71 8,47 4,69 1,20 0,90 3,52 0,47 1,17 1,57 Table/Cuadro/Tabelle 1.11 Trends in firefighter deaths in the countries of the World in 2017-2021 Dinmica en Bomberos fallecidos en incendios en pases para los aos 2017-2021 Dynamik der Anzahl verunglckter Feuerwehrleute in den Staaten fr 2017-2021 Country Population, thous. inh. 2017 Number of firefighter deaths 2018 2019 2020 2021 Average per year Pas Habitantes, Cantidad de Bomberos fallecidos Promedio en miles 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 anual Staat Einwohner Anzahl der FM gettet Mittelwert in 1000 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 je Jahr 1 USA 332 031 60 64 48 62 135 73,8 2 Japan 125 502 - - 12 7 2 7,0 3 France 67 244 - - - - 7 7,0 4 Poland 37 700 2 1 1 2 0 1,2 5 Romania 19 053 0 - - 0 0 0,0 6 Netherlands 17 591 - - 0 - 0 0,0 7 Belgium 11 492 - - - 0 0 0,0 8 Greece 10 788 - 1 1 0 1 0,8 9 Czech Republic 10 516 2 0 1 0 2 1,0 10 Hungary 9 772 0 0 0 0 0 0,0 11 Austria 8 879 - - - - 1 1,0 12 Bulgaria 6 520 1 1 - 0 0 0,5 13 Finland 5 503 0 0 - 0 1 0,3 14 Slovakia 5 042 - - 0 0 0 0,0 15 Croatia 4 047 0 0 1 1 0 0,4 16 Lithuania 2 810 0 - 0 0 1 0,3 17 Estonia 1 330 0 0 0 - 0 0,0 18 Cyprus 918 - - - - 0 0,0 19 Luxemburg 20 Liechtenstein 643 - 0 - - 0 0,0 38 - 0 0 0 0 0,0 677419 65 67 64 72 150 83,6 Table/Cuadro/Tabelle 1.12 Trends in firefighter injuries in the countries of the World in 2017-2021 Dinmica de Bomberos lesionados en incendios en pases aos 2017-2021 Dynamik der Anzahl verunglckter Feuerwehrleute in den Staaten fr 2017-2021 Country Population, thous. inh. 2017 Number of firefighter injuries 2018 2019 2020 2021 Average per year Pas Habitantes, Cantidad de Bomberos lesionados Promedio en miles 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 anual Staat Einwohner in 1000 2017 Anzahl der FM verletzt 2018 2019 2020 2021 Mittelwert je Jahr 1 USA 332 031 58 835 58 250 60 225 64 875 60 750 60 587 2 Japan 125 502 - - 2 229 1 424 1 460 1 704 3 France 67 244 - - - - 10 882 10 882 4 Poland 37 700 204 406 388 244 313 311 5 Romania 19 053 1 - - 0 0 0 6 Belgium 11 492 - - - 94 62 78 7 Greece 10 788 - 16 13 20 41 23 8 Czech Republic 10 516 182 253 217 271 183 221 9 Hungary 9 772 72 84 67 60 63 69 10 Bulgaria 6 520 23 14 - 13 11 15 11 Finland 5 503 43 84 - 63 70 65 12 Slovakia 5 042 - - 45 45 9 33 13 Croatia 14 Lithuania 4 047 101 22 17 22 27 38 2 810 23 - 29 23 16 23 15 Slovenia 2 108 - 6 146 - 48 67 16 Estonia 1 330 57 54 52 - 47 53 17 Cyprus 918 - - - 1 0 1 18 Luxemburg 19 Liechtenstein 643 - 27 - - 45 36 37 - 0 0 0 0 0 653 056 59 541 59 216 63 428 67 155 74 027 64 673 Country Table/Cuadro/Tabelle 1.13 Statistics of fire services in the countries of the World in 2010-2021 (most recent data) Estadsticas de personal y equipos en pases en 2010-2021 Personal und Ausstattung der Feuerwehren der Staaten in 2010-2021 Population Fire Number of Number of firefighters thous.inh. stations engines ladders career part time volunt. total Pas Habitantes, Estaciones Cantidad de Number of firefighters en miles de Bomber. Bombas Escalas Rentados Medio tiempo volunt. total Staat Einwohner Feuer- Anzahl der Fahrzeuge in 1000 wachen LF, TLF DL, TM BF Personal der Feuerwehr Teilzeit FF Gesamt 1 China 2 USA 3 Bangladesh 4 Russia 5 Japan 6 Philippines 7 Vietnam 8 Germany 9 France 10 Great Britain 11 Iran 12 Italy 13 Republic of Korea 14 Ukraine 15 Poland 16 Canada 17 Malaysia 18 Peru 19 Taiwan 20 Australia 21 Kazachstan 22 Romania 23 Netherlands 24 Belgium 25 Portugal 26 Greece 27 Jordan 28 Czech Republic 29 Sweden 30 Belarus 31 Israel 32 Hungary 33 Austria 34 Switzerland 35 Serbia 36 Laos 37 Bulgaria 38 Denmark 39 Singapore 40 Finland 41 Georgia 42 Norway 43 New Zealand 44 Slovakia 45 Costa Rica 46 Ireland 47 Croatia 48 Kuwait 49 Albania 50 Moldova 51 Mongolia 52 Lithuania 53 Armenia 54 Slovenia 55 Latvia 56 Estonia 57 Cyprus 58 Luxemburg 59 Brunei 60 Barbados 61 Andora 62 Liechtenstein 1 386 000 332 031 166 302 146 781 125 502 108 771 97 757 83 020 67 244 64 903 64 000 61 000 51 738 41 745 37 700 35 544 32 370 26 000 22 450 20 016 19 177 19 053 17 591 11 492 11 000 10 788 10 659 10 516 10 379 9 408 9 291 9 064 8 879 8 500 7 187 6 522 6 520 5 786 5 612 5 503 5 266 5 109 5 097 5 042 4 973 4 581 3 872 3 800 3 601 3 553 3 297 2 810 2 728 2 108 1 908 1 330 918 643 437 267 78 39 3 235 258 53 040 456 18 322 29 157 1 396 292 37 175 6 093 2 053 452 902 226 2 217 496 320 174 544 418 391 953 320 473 284 445 6 732 944 714 122 227 5 679 1 272 186 17 243 285 22 988 119 597 649 118 76 219 2 087 39 45 62 64 81 61 1 337 91 182 34 99 31 6 4 15 180 046 66 300 1 312 22 735 21 366 2 803 1 352 41 064 7 478 2 900 1 300 2 330 2 204 3 642 1 625 959 4 448 1 522 833 1 070 1 680 1 600 2 075 207 4 475 1 922 350 1 047 8 332 886 52 712 358 86 1 539 200 963 628 351 300 2 398 50 68 163 138 227 147 1 462 241 104 86 171 40 13 17 13 220 344 6 630 10 1 326 1 102 48 164 2 509 1 216 235 20 307 453 301 539 197 335 138 130 270 110 21 395 178 42 118 308 40 1 50 103 23 78 15 70 26 108 46 118 11 6 25 6 45 12 53 37 11 10 26 3 2 4 18 031 130 000 364 300 11 752 271 000 165 928 26 751 9 801 34 854 54 140 40 100 9 285 28 870 60 994 53 286 30 242 26 000 12 466 8 180 17 500 25 632 3 145 6 538 4 100 13 246 4 509 13 412 5 051 9 276 3 204 10 175 2 729 1 185 3 169 244 6 601 1 368 2 745 3 937 5 128 3 718 2 785 4 296 2 012 3 331 3 800 724 1381 3 152 2 957 2 172 1 000 2 690 1 593 668 552 1 357 214 120 0 1 519 365 808 0 19 000 1 089 0 0 3 108 10 847 0 0 0 0 4 416 2 865 8 152 2 076 1 131 74 0 10 170 0 53 746 7 500 000 676 900 956 600 783 578 920 724 1 003 594 197 758 1 400 20 060 96 561 137 523 505 520 126 650 14 813 26 500 43 000 61 833 18 258 10 608 45 000 1 922 10 60 168 6 660 19 812 298 972 80 110 0 0 11 965 11 847 79 004 0 56 002 90 1 760 225 35 689 547 2 306 0 3 346 622 13 817 937 7 630 000 1 041 200 12 560 1 227 600 949 506 26 751 930 525 1 038 448 251 898 60 500 9 285 48 930 157 555 190 809 535 762 152 650 27 279 - 34 680 - 60 500 87 465 22 492 17 146 49 100 15 168 4 519 76 688 15 898 15 936 3 204 29 987 301 701 81 295 3 169 244 6 601 5 784 2 745 18 767 5 128 11 870 14 632 83 300 4 088 60 464 3 800 724 1 471 3 226 4 717 2 397 36 689 3 237 3 909 838 3 898 1 357 214 120 622 15 391 048 Table/Cuadro/Tabelle 1.14 Fire service personnel by gender in the countries of the World in 2010-2021 (most recent data) Personal de Bomberos segn gnero en pases del mundo aos 2010-2021 (Datos mas recientes) Personal der Feuerwehren der Staaten nach Gender in 2010-2021 Country Population thous.inh. Male Number of firefighters % Female % Total Pas Poblacin en miles Masculino Cantidad de Bomberos % Femenino % Total Staat Einwohner in 1000 Mnner Personal der Feuerwehr % Frauen % Gesamt 1 USA 2 Bangladesh 3 Russia* 4 Japan 5 Philippines 6 Germany 7 France 8 Italy 9 Republic of Korea 10 Poland 11 Taiwan 12 Romania 13 Netherlands 14 Denmark 15 Belgium 16 Greece 17 Czech Republic 18 Sweden 19 Israel 20 Hungary* 21 Austria 22 Switzerland* 23 Serbia 24 Bulgaria 25 Singapore 26 Denmark 27 Finland 28 Norway 29 Slovakia* 30 New Zealand 31 Ireland 32 Croatia 33 Mongolia 34 Armenia 35 Lithuania 36 Slovenia 37 Latvia 38 Estonia 39 Cyprus 40 Luxemburg 41 Brunei 332 031 166 303 146 781 125 502 108 771 82 218 67 244 61 000 51 738 37 700 23 561 19 053 17 591 17 081 11 492 10 788 10 516 10 379 9 291 9 064 8 879 8 500 7 187 6 520 5 850 5 786 5 503 5 109 5 042 4 748 4 459 3 872 3 297 2 972 2 794 2 108 1 908 1 330 918 643 437 851 600 90 12 446 99 233 227 86 915 755 96 19 809 74 938 525 91 196 402 78 47 503 97 146 035 79 476 907 89 14 301 88 85 858 98 21 113 94 22 757 95 16 733 98 14 087 93 80 112 99 14 759 93 2 694 84 29 240 98 282 558 94 81 295 91 3 104 98 6 523 99 2 291 83 5 756 96 17 001 91 11 673 98 67 455 81 12 437 85 3 547 100 51 617 85 3 224 100 2 164 97 4 204 100 31 932 87 5 587 100 3 466 89 747 89 2 330 60 1 177 87 89 600 114 37 773 33 751 6 942 89 471 55 496 1 427 39 006 58 855 1 919 1 607 1 379 1 286 413 1 081 1 064 1 139 510 747 19 143 8 395 65 78 454 220 1 766 197 15 845 2 195 0 8 847 2 67 11 4 757 0 443 91 1 568 180 10 941 200 1 12 560 14 271 000 4 949 506 26 751 9 1 027 996 22 251 898 3 48 930 21 185 041 11 535 762 12 16 220 2 87 465 6 22 492 5 24 043 2 17 146 7 15 168 1 81 176 7 15 898 16 3 204 2 29 987 6 301 701 9 89 690 2 3 169 1 6 601 17 2 745 4 5 976 9 18 767 2 11 870 19 83 300 15 14 632 0 3 547 15 60 464 0 3 226 3 2 231 0 4 215 13 36 689 0 5 587 11 3 909 11 838 40 3 898 13 1 357 42 Liechtenstein * - career / rentados / BF 39 588 95 1 406 005 4 740 539 91 34 487 938 5 622 9 5 228 477 Table/Cuadro/Tabelle 1.15 Number of young firefighters in the countries of the World in 2010-2021 (most recent data) Cantidad de Cadetes o Brigadiers en los pases en 2010-2021 (datos mas recientes) Anzahl der Jugendlichen in den Feuerwehren der Staaten in 2010-2021 Country Pas Population thous.inh. Habitantes en miles Number of young firefighters Cantidad de jvenes Staat Einwohner in 1000 Jugendfeuerwehrmitglieder 1 Russia 146 781 262 354 2 USA 3 Japan 4 Germany 5 France 6 Republic of Korea 7 Poland 8 Romania 9 Greece 10 Hungary 11 Belarus 12 Austria 332 031 125 502 82 218 67 244 51 738 38 265 19 053 10 788 9 604 9 408 8 879 28 800 388 512 274 694 28 185 4 357 83 817 19 940 523 2 407 159 041 30 391 13 Finland 5 503 7 337 14 Slovakia 15 Croatia 16 Slovenia 17 Latvia 18 Luxemburg 5 042 3 872 2 108 1 908 643 6 296 21 151 40 431 300 1 142 19 Liechtenstein 39 920 626 70 1 317 315 Finland Luxemburg Czech Republic Liechtenstein Republic of Korea USA Andorra France Slovakia Japan Germany Singapore Slovenia Austria Ireland Jordan Romenia Belgium Estonia Norway New Zealand Brunei Italy Poland Cyprus Sweden Costa Rica Latvia Great Britain Lithuania Uruguay Mauritius Bulgaria Switzerland Croatia Hungary Israel Netherlands Israel Russia Spain Denmark Greece Belarus Ukraine Peru Armenia Kuwait Kazakhstan Mongolia Qatar Bangladesh Vietnam 84,9 69,6 67,6 65,7 51,5 33,7 32,7 31,4 30,3 27,3 26,9 19,8 18,2 17,7 16,1 16,0 15,4 14,3 13,2 12,3 11,0 10,6 10,5 9,9 9,7 9,1 8,7 8,6 8,2 8,0 7,9 7,7 7,4 7,3 7,2 7,0 6,7 6,4 6,0 3,8 3,6 3,4 3,2 1,3 1,1 0,5 0,1 110,4 107,4 162,7 262,9 241,2 215,2 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Fig. 1.1: Average number of calls per 1000 inh. (2017-2021) Fig. 1.1: Promedio de operaciones por 1.000 hab. (2017-2021) Bild 1.1: Mittlere Einsatzanzahl je 1000 Einwohner (2017-2021) Cyprus 7,92 Barbados 6,95 Uruguay 6,62 Austria 6,19 Mauritius 5,23 Bulgaria 5,23 Israel 5,21 Latvia 4,71 Ireland 4,45 Costa Rica 4,36 France 4,36 Italy 4,30 USA 4,02 Serbia 3,89 Qatar 3,61 New Zealand 3,57 Luxemburg 3,56 Poland 3,52 Croatia 3,51 Estonia 3,40 Netherlands 3,30 Andorra 3,17 Slovenia 3,12 Great Britain 3,08 Brunei 2,99 Belgium 2,95 Germany 2,73 Spain 2,72 Sweden 2,68 Jordan 2,63 Greece 2,61 Lithuania 2,42 Finland 2,29 Hungary 2,26 Russia 2,19 Ukraine 2,16 Denmark 2,16 Argentina 1,81 Slovakia 1,76 Czech Republic 1,68 Romenia 1,66 Switzerland 1,51 Taiwan 1,41 Saudi Arabia 1,30 Malaysia 1,20 India 1,18 Liechtenstein 1,10 Mongolia 1,02 Kuwait 1,00 Oman 0,99 Kyrgyzstan 0,87 Republic of Korea 0,78 Armenia 0,74 Kazakhstan 0,72 Belarus 0,64 Egypt 0,51 Singapore 0,49 Moldova 0,46 Peru 0,42 Japan 0,30 Senegal 0,20 China 0,18 Phillippines 0,15 Bhutan 0,15 Tunis 0,15 Bangladesh 0,12 Myanmar 0,04 Vietnam 0,03 Nigeria 0,01 Nepal 0,00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Fig. 1.2: Average number of fires per 1000 inh. (2017-2021) Fig. 1.2: Promedio de incendios por 1.000 hab. (2017-2021) Bild 1.2: Mittlere Brandanzahl je 1000 Einwohner (2017-2021) Russia Belarus Ukraine Latvia Cyprus Lithuania Estonia Moldova Bulgaria Kazakhstan Mongolia Serbia Romenia Poland Uruguay Liechtenstein Hungary Japan USA Czech Republic Kyrgyzstan Slovakia Denmark Finland Iceland India Sweden Croatia Norway Taiwan Kuwait Republic of... Greece Belgium Brunei Austria Great Britain Ireland Saidi Arabia Italy Costa Rica Germany France Malaysia New Zealand Spain Argentina Slovenia Armenia Jordan Philippines Bhutan Qatar Egypt Israel Netherlands Switzerland Myanmar Vietnam China Bangladesh Nigeria Singapore Nepal Luxemburg 1,51 1,37 1,33 1,28 1,28 1,14 1,13 1,09 1,07 1,07 1,02 1,02 0,97 0,93 0,90 0,83 0,75 0,74 0,72 0,66 0,63 0,58 0,54 0,53 0,52 0,51 0,49 0,49 0,48 0,44 0,43 0,39 0,37 0,36 0,36 0,34 0,33 0,33 0,33 0,31 0,30 0,25 0,23 0,21 0,21 0,20 0,16 0,09 0,09 0,08 0,07 0,03 0,02 0,00 2,27 1,94 1,91 3,27 3,19 3,10 2,96 4,45 4,19 5,60 5,33 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Fig. 1.3: Average number of fire deaths per 100000 inh. (2017-2021) Fig. 1.3: Promedio de fallecidos por 100.000 hab. (2017-2021) Bild 1.3: Mittlere Brandtotenanzahl je 100000 Einwohner (2017-2021) Belarus Nigeria Moldova Myanmar Nepal Japan Kazakhstan Russia Vietnam Philippines Ukraine Bhutan Mongolia Lithuania Kyrgyzstan Liechtenstein Estonia Latvia Romenia Republic of Korea India Kuwait Czech Republic Bangladesh Slovakia Taiwan Hungary China Denmark Egypt Armenia Bulgaria Finland Cyprus Serbia Saidi Arabia Poland Sweden Malaysia USA Greece Croatia Uruguay Argentina Belgium Brunei Great Britain Germany Switzerland Spain Jordan Ireland Italy Slovenia Costa Rica New Zealand France Austria Singapore Qatar Netherlands Israel Luxemburg 2,68 2,55 2,53 2,07 2,06 2,03 1,81 1,32 1,23 1,17 0,91 0,89 0,83 0,81 0,77 0,66 0,64 0,62 0,58 0,51 0,50 0,47 0,47 0,46 0,45 0,43 0,43 0,41 0,39 0,38 0,38 0,31 0,31 0,27 0,22 0,21 0,19 0,19 0,18 0,18 0,16 0,16 0,13 0,13 0,12 0,11 0,11 0,11 0,10 0,10 0,09 0,08 0,07 0,07 0,06 0,04 0,00 4,26 3,97 3,84 8,36 7,15 6,35 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Fig. 1.4: Average number of fire deaths per 100 fires (2017-2021) Fig. 1.4: Promedio de fallecidos por 100 incendios (2017-2021) Bild 1.4: Mittlere Brandtotenanzahl je 100 Brnde (2017-2021) Medical aid/ Asist medica/ Medizin. Hilfe 63,4 % False/ Falsos/ Fehleinstze 7,2 % Incidents, accidents/ Accidentes/ Havarie 1,9 % Fires/ Incendios/ Brnde 3,8 % Other/ Otros/ Sonstiges 23,7 % Fig. 1.5: Type of fire service calls in the countries (2021) Fig. 1.5: Tipo de operaciones en los pases (2021) Bild 1.5: Einsatzstruktur der Feuerwehren in den Staaten (2021) Other/ Otros/ Sonstige 19,1 % Residential buildings/ Edificios residenciales/ Wohngebude 23,2% Other buildings/ Otros edificios/ Andere Gebude 8,1 % Rubbish/ Basura/ Mll 15,7 % Grass,bush/ Pastizales/ Gras 20,0 % Forests/ Forestales/ Wald 1,2 % Vehicle/ Vehculos/ Transport 12,7 % Fig. 1.6: Distribution of fires by types in the countries (20211) Fig. 1.6: Distribucin de incendios en los pases (2021) Bild 1.6: Verteilung der Brnde nach Objekten der Brandentstehung in den Staaten (2021) Other buildings/ Otras constucciones/ Andere Gebude 6,0 % Vehicle/ Vehculos/ Transport 6,4 % Other/ Otros/ Sonstige 3,0 % Residential buildings/ Edificios residenciales/ Wohngebude 84,6 % Fig. 1.7: Distribution of fire deaths by types in the counties (2021) Fig. 1.7: Distribucin de fallecidos segn tipo de incendio en pases (2021) Bild 1.7: Verteilung der Brndtoten nach Objekten der Brandentstehung in den Staaten (2021) Vehicle/ Vehculos/ Transport Other buildings/ 7,9 % Otros edificios/ Andere Gebude 9,8 % Other/ Otros/ Sonstige 8,5 % Residential buildings/ Edificios residenciales/ Wohngebude 73,7 % Fig. 1.8: Distribution of fire injuries by types in the countries (2021) Fig. 1.8: Distribucin de lesionados sgn tipo en pases (2021) Bild 1.8: Verteilung der Brandverletzten nach Objekten der Brandentstehung in den Staaten (2021) Laos Bangladesh China Vietnam Switzerland Iran Netherlands Albania Denmark Philippines Austria Israel Taiwan Portugal Malaysia Moldova Germany Jordan Ireland Serbia Italy Slovenia Sweden Singapore New Zealand Belgium Great Britain Finland Cyprus Norway Canada Armenia Barbados Poland France Slovakia Luxemburg Croatia Kazakhstan Mongolia Georgia Belarus Kuwait Bulgaria Lithuania USA Hungary Republic of Korea Estonia Greece Czech Republic Ukraine Japan Romenia Latvia Andorra Russia Brunei 7173 6893 5593 4974 4230 4066 3254 2900 2744 2683 2597 2573 2382 2364 2277 2268 2113 2108 2055 2044 1830 1758 1619 1398 1374 1374 1367 1256 1248 1247 1242 1174 1165 1162 1096 1046 1027 1014 1000 988 950 911 891 848 835 814 784 783 756 743 709 650 542 322 10662 9974 14151 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 26730 25000 30000 Fig. 1.9: Average number of inhabitants per 1 career firefighter (2010-2021) Fig. 1.9: Promedio de hab. por 1 Bombrero rentado (2010-2021) Bild 1.9: Mittlere Einwohneranzahl auf 1 Berufsfeuerwehrmann (2010-2021) Laos Bangladesh Iran Albania Philippines Israel Moldova Jordan Serbia Singapore Barbados Italy Malaysia Armenia Ireland Cyprus Great Britain Georgia Mongolia Denmark Kuwait Bulgaria Netherlands Greece Belgium Sweden Andorra Taiwan Lithuania Belarus Latvia Norway New Zealand Estonia Republic of... Brunei USA Kazakhstan Hungary Finland France Canada Portugal Ukraine Romenia China Luxemburg Czech Republic Japan Russia Vietnam Switzerland Germany Poland Croatia Liechtenstein Slovakia Slovenia Austria 0 6893 4974 4066 2900 2415 2359 2268 2044 1248 1247 1187 1138 1121 1095 1073 1027 1022 1000 1000 988 782 711 670 653 650 647 596 590 589 430 348 340 328 322 319 317 302 293 267 233 224 219 218 182 165 137 132 120 105 105 80 70 64 63 61 57 29 5000 10000 13241 15000 20000 26730 25000 30000 Fig. 1.10: Average number of inhabitants per 1 firefighter (20102021) Fig. 1.10: Promedio de habitantes por 1 Bombero (20102021) Bild 1.10: Mittlere Einwohneranzahl auf 1 Feuerwehrmann (20102021) Career Part timer Volunteers Andorra Barbados Brunei Albania Kuwait Georgia Singapore Bulgaria Laos Serbia Israel Iran Philippines Jordan Mongolia Moldova Bangladesh Armenia Greece Latvia Cyprus Great Britain Lithuania Italy Belarus Ireland Malaysia Estonia Republic of Korea Belgium USA Hungary Sweden Norway Romenia Kazakhstan Ukraine Denmark Taiwan Russia France Finland New Zealand Czech Republic Japan Canada Luxemburg Netherlands Portugal Poland Croatia Slovakia Germany Slovenia China Switzerland Vietnam Austria Liechtenstein 0 20 40 60 80 100 Fig. 1.11: Contributions of categories of firefighters to total firefighters numbers [%] Fig. 1.11: Cantidad de Bomberos segn su categora [%] Bild 1.11: Anteile der Feuerwehrmannkategorien [%] India China Nigeria Russian Federation Pakistan South Africa Ethiopia United States of America Democratic Republic of the Congo Iran (Islamic Republic of) Ukraine Egypt United Republic of Tanzania Indonesia Mozambique Kenya Sudan Bangladesh Niger Brazil Japan Yemen Cameroon Morocco Cte d'Ivoire Uganda Angola Saudi Arabia Somalia Zimbabwe Mali Iraq Ghana Chad Burkina Faso Madagascar Algeria Belarus Thailand Mexico Philippines Viet Nam Zambia Uzbekistan Papua New Guinea Poland Azerbaijan Haiti Senegal South Sudan Benin Burundi Romania Guinea France Malawi Germany Kazakhstan Afghanistan Turkey Malaysia United Kingdom Tajikistan Chile Argentina Sierra Leone Italy Rwanda Lesotho Republic of Korea Democratic People's Republic of Korea Peru Sri Lanka Myanmar Cambodia Togo Guatemala Tunisia 0 4 305 3 618 3 255 3 183 2 007 1 823 1 652 1 568 1 424 1 388 1 318 1 316 1 310 1 271 1 120 1 028 1 007 991 908 904 893 872 839 825 810 793 750 742 729 722 704 661 636 620 617 604 600 595 546 542 488 474 473 470 448 433 431 425 421 410 403 380 359 354 348 343 336 334 318 295 280 275 271 270 269 263 253 239 239 227 224 215 207 202 7 132 6 387 10 498 5000 10000 15000 20000 Countries with more than 200 deaths per year, WHO 2019 Fig. 1.12: Distribution of estimated deaths from fire, heat and hot substances Fig. 1.12: Distribucin estimada de fallecidos por "fuego, calor y sust. calientes" Bild 1.12: Verteilung der Toten "Feuer, Flamme, heie Substanzen" 23 265 25000 Lesotho 12,6 Eswatini 7,3 Belarus 6,6 South Africa 6,2 Papua New Guinea 5,6 Latvia 5,4 Zimbabwe 5,4 Somalia 5,2 Niger 4,8 Azerbaijan 4,7 Botswana 4,7 Chad 4,5 Russian Federation 4,4 Namibia 4,4 Mozambique 4,3 Haiti 4,2 South Sudan 3,9 Mali 3,8 Eritrea 3,8 Ukraine 3,8 Burundi 3,7 Benin 3,7 Nigeria 3,5 Sierra Leone 3,5 Cameroon 3,5 Georgia 3,5 Cte d'Ivoire 3,5 Burkina Faso 3,5 Tajikistan 3,4 Yemen 3,4 Djibouti 3,4 Guinea-Bissau 3,3 Guinea 3,2 Comoros 3,2 Fiji 3,1 Liberia 3,1 Estonia 3,1 Sudan 3,1 Zambia 3,1 Central African Republic 3,0 Mongolia 2,9 Ethiopia 2,9 Gambia 2,8 Senegal 2,8 Mauritania 2,7 Bahamas 2,7 Togo 2,7 Angola 2,6 Saint Vincent and the... 2,6 Kenya 2,5 Guyana 2,5 Morocco 2,5 United Republic of... 2,5 Madagascar 2,5 Cabo Verde 2,4 Saudi Arabia 2,4 Ghana 2,4 Tonga 2,3 Democratic Republic... 2,3 Equatorial Guinea 2,2 Montenegro 2,2 Iran (Islamic Republic... 2,2 Suriname 2,2 Romania 2,2 Rwanda 2,1 Solomon Islands 2,1 Turkmenistan 2,1 Malawi 2,0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Countries with more than 2 deaths per 100000 inh. a year, WHO 2019 Fig. 1.13: Distribution of estimated deaths from fire, heat and hot substances Fig. 1.13: Distribucin estimada de fallecidos por "fuego, calor y sust. calientes" Bild 1.13: Verteilung der Toten "Feuer, Flamme, heie Substanzen" City Ciudad Stadt 1 Delhi 2 Tokyo 3 Moscow 4 London 5 Ho Chi Minh 6 Hanoi 7 Hong Kong 8 Paris 9 St. Petersburg 10 Athens 11 Bucharest 12 Vienna 13 Warsaw 14 Budapest 15 Montevideo 16 Sofia 17 Prague 18 Brussels 19 Dublin 20 Astana 21 Zagreb 22 Helsinki 23 Vilnius 24 Bratislava 25 Tallinn 26 Ljubljana Population thous. inhabitants Habitantes por mil Einwohner in 1 000 16 787 14 010 12 600 9 002 9 000 8 148 7 509 6 895 5 380 3 074 2 162 1 931 1 860 1 682 1 319 1 276 1 275 1 212 1 186 1 184 767 656 556 441 438 284 110 634 Common indicators of fire statistics in the cities of the World in 2021 Indicadores comunes en las estadsticas de incendios en ciudades del mundo en 2021 Verdichtete Kennzahlen zum Arbeitsumfang und zur Brandsituation in den Stdten der Welt im Jahr 2021 Area sq.km. Area en km cuadrados Flche, calls Operaciones Number of fires fire deaths Cantidad de Incendios Fallecidos incend. Anzahl der ... fire injuries Lesionados incend. per 1000 inh.: calls fires Por 1000 habs. Operaci. Incendios Average number of fire deaths per: 100000 inh. 100 fires Promedio Fallecidos por 100000 hab. 100 incendios Mittelwert in qkm Einstze Brnde Brandtoten Verletzten je 1000 Einw.: Einstze Brnde Brandtotenanzahl je: 100000 Einw. 100 Brnde 1 483 - 27 343 591 1 421 - 1,6 3,5 2,2 2 194 800 291 3 939 86 664 57,1 0,3 0,6 2,2 2 561 - 7 413 183 407 - 0,6 1,5 2,5 1 707 - 14 929 50 717 - 1,7 0,6 0,3 2 095 1 308 374 26 38 0,1 0,0 0,3 7,0 3 358 1 246 355 12 23 0,2 0,0 0,1 3,4 1 106 766 500 34 000 - - 102,1 4,5 - - 800 2 756 048 10 724 29 420 399,7 1,6 0,4 0,3 1 404 - 9 610 135 220 - 1,8 2,5 1,4 412 20 661 4 382 13 9 6,7 1,4 0,4 0,3 240 118 717 2 022 22 64 54,9 0,9 1,0 1,1 415 41 273 11 343 - - 21,4 5,9 - - 517 19 941 3 239 20 62 10,7 1,7 1,1 0,6 525 12 504 2 135 14 84 7,4 1,3 0,8 0,7 201 15 762 11 802 22 139 11,9 8,9 1,7 0,2 492 9 195 3 273 23 - 7,2 2,6 1,8 0,7 496 325 208 1 795 12 148 255,1 1,4 0,9 0,7 162 14 386 3 304 7 366 11,9 2,7 0,6 0,2 921 94 777 9 671 1 - 79,9 8,2 0,1 0,0 797 - 718 0 11 - 0,6 0,0 0,0 641 4 086 1 334 3 47 5,3 1,7 0,4 0,2 716 7 780 795 1 5 11,9 1,2 0,2 0,1 401 3 577 1 058 11 23 6,4 1,9 2,0 1,0 368 11 923 683 3 12 27,0 1,5 0,7 0,4 159 6 340 895 6 29 14,5 2,0 1,4 0,7 163 2 952 1 001 0 4 10,4 3,5 0,0 0,0 24 334 5 034 475 168 137 1 270 4 913 45,5 1,5 1,1 0,8 Table/Cuadro/Tabelle 2.1 of fire injuries per: 100000 inh. 100 fires Lesionados por 100000 hab. 100 incendios Verletztenanzahl je: 100000 Einw. 100 Brnde 8,5 5,2 4,7 16,9 3,2 5,5 8,0 4,8 0,4 10,2 0,3 6,5 - - 6,1 3,9 4,1 2,3 0,3 0,2 3,0 3,2 - - 3,3 1,9 5,0 3,9 10,5 1,2 - - 11,6 8,2 30,2 11,1 - - 0,9 1,5 6,1 3,5 0,8 0,6 4,1 2,2 2,7 1,8 6,6 3,2 1,4 0,4 4,4 2,9 City Ciudad Stadt 1 Tokyo 2 Hong Kong 3 Paris 4 Athens 5 Bucharest 6 Vienna 7 Warsaw 8 Budapest 9 Montevideo 10 Sofia 11 Brussels 12 Dublin 13 Zagreb 14 Vilnius 15 Tallinn 16 Ljubljana Type of fire service calls in the cities of the World in 2021 Tipo de operacin en grandes ciudades del mundo en 2021 Struktur der Feuerwehreinstze in den Grostdten der Welt im Jahr 2021 Population Total number of calls a year ... thous.inh. fires in accidents in medical in % % aid % false calls Habitantes Total de operaciones por ao en miles incendio en accidentes en % % Asist. mdica en Falsas % Alarmas Einwohner Anzahl der Einstze je Jahr ... in 1000 zu in zu in Medizin. in Fehl- Brnden % Havarien % Hilfe % einstze 14 010 3 939 0,5 - - 678 206 85,5 8 876 7 509 34 000 4,4 35 000 4,6 697 500 91,0 - 6 895 10 724 1,8 50 577 8,4 11 773 2,0 - 3 074 4 382 21,2 5 870 28,4 - - 2 726 2 162 2 022 1,7 14 453 12,2 101 102 85,2 1 140 1 931 11 343 27,5 28 361 68,7 - - - 1 860 3 239 16,2 1 854 9,3 2 830 14,2 4 154 1 682 2 135 17,1 6 073 48,6 - - 4 296 1 319 11 802 76,4 222 1,4 - - 1 879 1 276 3 273 36,5 1 737 19,4 292 3,3 323 1 212 3 304 18,8 4 676 26,6 - - 3 319 1 186 9 671 10,2 3 860 4,1 79 841 84,2 1 405 767 13 345 82,9 2 657 16,5 8 0,0 5 556 1 058 29,7 1 109 31,1 0 0,0 17 438 895 16,5 2 017 37,2 - - 2 498 284 1 001 33,9 1 628 55,1 - - 198 46 161 116 133 4,6 160 094 6,3 1 571 552 61,9 30 836 Table/Cuadro/Tabelle 2.2 in other % en otros % in % 1,1 - 13,2 1,0 - 20,8 34,4 12,2 3,6 18,9 1,5 0,0 0,5 46,0 6,7 1,2 Sonstiges 102 623 - 527 423 7 683 1 569 7 864 1 535 3 350 6 305 82 1 382 930 125 660 871 in % in % in % 12,9 - 87,8 37,2 3,8 39,4 9,9 37,3 35,8 0,5 38,8 14,7 4,2 26,0 City Ciudad Stadt 1 Tokyo 2 Moscow 3 London 4 Paris 5 Athens 6 Bucharest 7 Vienna 8 Warsaw 9 Budapest 10 Montevideo 11 Sofia 12 Prague 13 Brussels 14 Dublin 15 Zagreb 16 Helsinki 17 Vilnius 18 Bratislava 19 Tallinn 20 Ljubljana Table/Cuadro/Tabelle 2.3 Distribution of fires by types in the cities of the World in 2021 Distribucin de incendios por tipo en grandes ciudades del mundo en 2021 Verteilung der Brnde nach Objekten der Brandentstehung in den Grostdten der Welt im Jahr 2021 Population Number of fires ... thous.inh. structure fires vehicles in % forests in % grass, in % rubbish in % other in % residential in % others in % all in % brush Habitantes Incendios estructurales enmilies residencial en % otros en % todos Cantidad de incendios ... Vehculos en % forestales en % pastizales en % en % matorrale basura en % otros en % Einwohner Anzahl der Brnde ... in 1000 Wohnung in % inaGndebereudeinn % alle in % Transport in % im Wald in % Gras usw. in % AMbfallll, in % Sonstige in % 14 010 1 617 46,4 744 21,4 2 361 67,8 216 6,2 -- 6 0,2 -- 901 25,9 12 600 3 563 48,1 1 328 17,9 4 891 66,0 763 10,3 -- 146 2,0 609 8,2 1 004 13,5 9 002 5 124 34,3 1 580 10,6 6 704 44,9 - - -- -- -- 8 225 55,1 6 895 2 414 22,5 581 5,4 2 995 27,9 2 202 20,5 4 0,0 677 6,3 2 360 22,0 2 486 23,2 3 074 - - - - 1 568 35,8 371 8,5 116 2,6 34 0,8 239 5,5 2 054 46,9 2 162 475 23,5 1 036 51,2 1 009 74,7 182 9,0 0 0,0 190 9,4 0 0,0 139 6,9 1 931 - - - - 3 799 33,5 150 1,3 -- 294 2,6 -- 7 100 62,6 1 860 1 165 36,0 225 6,9 1 390 42,9 372 11,5 26 0,8 141 4,4 844 26,1 466 14,4 1 682 864 40,5 287 13,4 1 151 53,9 115 5,4 -- 43 2,0 133 6,2 693 32,5 1 319 - - -- 653 5,5 449 3,8 200 5,6 - - 8 224 69,7 2 276 19,3 1 276 335 10,2 361 11,0 696 21,3 313 9,6 0 0,0 355 10,8 1 491 45,6 418 12,8 1 275 375 20,9 175 9,7 550 30,6 201 11,2 38 2,1 10 0,6 649 36,2 347 19,3 1 212 781 23,6 394 11,9 1 175 35,6 230 7,0 1 0,0 20 0,6 615 18,6 1 263 38,2 1 186 962 9,9 251 2,6 1 213 12,5 730 7,5 -- 210 2,2 4 246 43,9 3 276 33,9 767 98 7,3 422 31,6 520 39,0 140 10,5 199 14,9 -- 357 26,8 118 8,8 656 30 3,8 355 44,9 385 48,7 94 11,9 24 3,0 65 8,2 1 0,1 221 28,0 556 73 6,9 257 24,3 330 31,3 122 11,6 6 0,6 56 5,3 364 34,5 178 16,9 441 96 14,1 46 6,7 142 20,8 60 8,8 1 0,1 106 15,5 220 32,2 154 22,5 438 151 16,9 72 8,1 223 24,9 66 7,4 92 10,3 -- 415 46,4 98 11,0 284 206 18,3 364 32,3 570 50,6 83 7,4 17 1,5 288 25,6 168 14,9 - - 62 626 18 329 20,5 8 478 9,5 26 807 30,0 6 859 7,7 724 0,8 2 641 3,0 20 935 23,4 31 417 35,1 Table/Cuadro/Tabelle 2.4 Distribution of fire deaths by types in the cities of the World in 2021 Distribucin de fallecidos segn el origen del incendio en ciudades del mundo en 2021 Verteilung der Brndtote nach Objekten der Brandentstehung in den Stadten im Jahr 2021 Population, Number of fire deaths City thous.inh. structure fires vehicles in % other in % residential in % all others in % Habitantes Cantidad de fallecidos Ciudad en miles Incendio estructural vehculos en % otros en % residencial en % otros en % Anzahl der Brndtote Stadt Einwohner in 10000 Wohnung in Gebuden in % alle anderen in % Transport in % Sonstige in % 1 Tokyo 14 010 69 80,2 3 3,5 0 0,0 14 16,3 2 Moscow 12 600 165 89,2 13 7,0 5 2,7 2 1,1 3 London 9 002 46 90,2 1 2,0 - - 4 7,8 4 Paris 6 895 6 20,7 7 24,1 0 0,0 16 55,2 5 Bucharest 2 162 22 100,0 0 0,0 0 0,0 0 0,0 6 Warsaw 1 860 18 90,0 0 0,0 2 10,0 0 0,0 7 Budapest 1 682 10 71,4 1 7,1 0 0,0 3 21,4 8 Sofia 1 276 18 78,3 2 8,7 2 8,7 1 4,3 9 Prague 1 275 8 66,7 1 8,3 0 0,0 3 25,0 10 Brussels 1 212 5 71,4 1 14,3 0 0,0 1 14,3 11 Zagreb 767 0 0,0 2 66,7 0 0,0 1 33,3 12 Helsinki 656 0 0,0 1 100,0 0 0,0 0 0,0 13 Vilnius 556 1 9,1 8 72,7 0 0,0 2 18,2 14 Bratislava 15 Tallinn 441 438 54 832 1 33,3 5 83,3 374 79,1 0 0,0 1 16,7 41 8,7 0 0,0 0 0,0 9 1,9 2 66,7 0 0,0 49 10,4 Table/Cuadro/Tabelle 2.5 Distribution of fire injuries by types in the cities of the World in 2021 Distribucin de lesionados segn el origen del incendio en ciudades del mundo en 2021 Verteilung der Verletzten nach Objekten der Brandentstehung in den Stadten im Jahr 2021 Population, Number of fire injuries City thous.inh. structure fires vehicles in % other in % residential in % all others in % Habitante en Cantidad de lesionados Ciudad miles Incendio estructural vehculos en % otros en % residencial en % otros en % Stadt Einwohner in 10000 Wohnung in Gebuden Anzahl der Verletzten in % alle in % anderen Transport in % Sonstige in % 1 Moscow 12 600 344 84,5 58 14,3 5 1,2 0 0,0 2 London 9 002 617 86,1 66 9,2 - - 34 4,7 3 Paris 6 895 373 88,8 34 8,1 11 2,6 2 0,5 4 Bucharest 2 162 32 50,0 26 40,6 1 1,6 5 7,8 5 Warsaw 1 860 51 77,3 4 6,1 1 1,5 10 15,2 6 Budapest 1 682 68 81,0 9 10,7 1 1,2 6 7,1 7 Prague 1 275 72 48,6 56 37,8 11 7,4 9 6,1 8 Brussels 1 212 265 72,4 81 22,1 4 1,1 16 4,4 9 Zagreb 767 2 4,3 43 91,5 2 4,3 0 0,0 10 Helsinki 656 1 20,0 1 20,0 1 20,0 2 40,0 11 Vilnius 556 3 13,0 20 87,0 0 0,0 0 0,0 12 Bratislava 441 8 66,7 1 8,3 0 0,0 3 25,0 13 Tallinn 438 27 93,1 39 546 1 863 78,0 2 6,9 401 16,8 0 0,0 37 1,5 0 0,0 87 3,6 City Ciudad Stadt 1 Dhaka 2 Istanbul 3 Tokyo 4 Tehran 5 Manila 6 Moscow 7 Lima 8 Jakarta 9 Seoul 10 London 11 Ho Chi Minh 12 New York City 13 Hanoi 14 Hong Kong 15 Paris 16 Bangkok 17 St.Petersburg 18 Berlin 19 Madrid 20 Athens 21 Kyiv 22 Rome 23 Taipei 24 Bucharest 25 Minsk 26 Vienna 27 Warsaw 28 Hamburg 29 Budapest 30 Barcelona 31 Ulaanbaatar 32 Milan 33 Montevideo 34 Sofia 35 Prague 36 Brussels 37 Dublin 38 Astana 39 Stockholm 40 Naples 41 Turin 42 Zagreb 43 Palermo 44 Helsinki 45 Copenhagen 46 Riga 47 Baltimore 48 Vilnius 49 Bratislava 50 Tallinn 51 Ljubljana 52 Wellington 53 Bern Table/Cuadro/Tabelle 2.6 Trends in calls in the cities of the World in 2017-2021 Dinmica de las opetraciones en ciudades del mundo perodo 2017-2021 Dynamik der Einstze in den Grostdten der Welt fr 2017-2021 Population, Number of calls Average: thous. inh. Habitantes en miles Einwohner, 2017 2017 2018 2019 2020 Cantidad de operaciones 2018 2019 2020 Gesamtanzahl der Einstze in ... 2021 2021 per year per 1000 inh. Promedio por ao por 1000 hab Mittelwert je in 1.000 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Jahr 1.000 Einw. 21 741 14 657 60 501 56 125 5 940 63 284 4 551 63 087 5 246 0,2 60 749 4,1 14 010 983 731 1 017 771 991 278 997 765 942 125 986 534 70,4 14 000 570 834 - - - 570 834 40,8 13 804 - - 5 589 4 900 5 245 0,4 12 600 60 097 79 077 50 211 - 63 128 5,0 10 719 64 583 64 733 63 053 38 163 57 633 5,4 10 562 - - - 38 000 38 000 3,6 9 552 - 498 700 638 205 1 931 834 1 022 913 107,1 9 127 9 000 103 548 - 106 005 - 105 034 - - 104 862 11,5 - 1 308 1 308 0,1 8 550 8 149 7 509 6 895 5 591 587 270 - 804 570 502 438 - 619 378 - 820 055 507 258 - 833 300 44 965 937 706 226 2 965 946 49 441 1 246 2 756 048 603 324 1 092 791 038 1 682 923 47 203 70,6 0,1 105,3 244,1 8,4 5 380 60 298 77 929 75 251 - 71 159 13,2 3 770 458 138 463 977 478 281 470 238 467 659 124,0 3 166 21 242 - - - 21 242 6,7 3 074 - 18 068 19 452 17 030 20 661 18 803 6,1 2 965 15 376 15 864 19 355 16 477 16 768 5,7 2 806 2 602 2 162 66 549 129 892 66 541 - 61 656 - 64 103 22,8 - 136 403 131 474 132 590 51,0 - - 103 158 118 717 96 139 44,5 2 021 5 362 7 016 10 285 - 7 554 3,7 1 931 40 110 26 085 36 489 35 617 41 273 35 915 18,6 1 860 17 537 16 315 17 726 21 085 19 941 18 521 10,0 1 852 - - 264 370 257 280 260 825 140,8 1 682 14 655 14 089 18 868 12 485 12 504 14 520 8,6 1 600 14 493 - - - 14 493 9,1 1 540 1 350 1 319 42 781 - - 882 410 - 47 052 - - - 882 410 - 44 917 - 15 762 15 762 573,0 33,3 11,9 1 276 10 233 10 848 12 203 8 699 9 195 10 236 8,0 1 275 1 212 1 186 - 377 951 353 353 - - - - 177 619 94 970 321 680 14 707 - 325 208 14 386 94 777 344 548 14 547 122 455 270,2 12,0 103,3 1 184 974 972 890 5 720 7 144 44 260 37 473 3 025 7 234 - 3 993 6 864 40 424 - 3 904 5 904 - - 4 161 3,5 6 787 7,0 42 342 43,6 37 473 42,1 767 - 2 740 3 968 8 635 4 086 4 857 6,3 676 17 915 656 9 454 633 5 655 9 599 5 500 - - 17 915 26,5 - - 7 780 8 944 13,6 - 4 948 5 368 8,5 621 6 034 - 6 231 6 390 6 218 10,0 593 - 556 3 201 441 - - 354 772 - 3 741 - - 3 546 - 3 577 11 923 354 772 3 516 11 923 598,3 6,3 27,0 438 6 803 6 671 6 236 - 6 340 6 513 14,9 284 - 42 000 43 131 6 091 2 952 23 544 82,9 216 - - 4 888 4 660 143 - - - 2 338 4 774 22,1 2 338 16,3 232 539 4 844 438 5 051 632 5 803 231 8 257 196 4 409 809 5 673 261 24,4 City Ciudad Stadt 1 Dhaka 2 Delhi 3 Tokyo 4 Tehran 5 Manila 6 Moscow 7 Lima 8 Jakarta 9 Seoul 10 Cairo 11 London 12 Ho Chi Minh 13 New York City 14 Hanoi 15 Hong Kong 16 Paris 17 Bangkok 18 St. Petersburg 19 Alexandria 20 Berlin 21 Dubai 22 Madrid 23 Athens 24 Kyiv 25 Rome 26 Osaka 27 Taipei 28 Bucharest 29 Haiphong 30 Minsk 31 Vienna 32 Warsaw 33 Hamburg 34 Budapest 35 Ulaanbaatar 36 Kyoto 37 Muscat 38 Da Nang 39 Milan 40 Montevideo 41 Sofia 42 Prague 43 Brussels 44 Dublin 45 Astana 46 Yerevan 47 Stockholm 48 Naples 49 Turin 50 Zagreb 51 Frankfurt Main 52 Palermo 53 Helsinki 54 Copenhagen 55 Riga 56 Vilnius 57 Bratislava 58 Tallinn 59 Ljubljana 60 Wellington Table/Cuadro/Tabelle 2.7 Trends in fires in the cities of the World in 2017-2021 Dinmica de los incendios en ciudades del mundo perodo 2017-2021 Dynamik der Brnde in den Grostdten der Welt fr 2017-2021 Population, Number of fires Average: thous. inh. Poblecin en miles Einwohner, 2017 2017 2018 2019 2020 Cantidad de incendios 2018 2019 2020 Gesamtanzahl der Brnde in ... 2021 2021 per year per 1000 inh. Promedio por ao por 1000 hab Mittelwert je in 1000 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Jahr 1000 Einw. 21 741 - - 3 258 2 541 2 900 0,1 16 787 29 423 31 264 31 157 25 709 27 343 28 979 1,7 14 010 4 205 3 973 4 120 3 721 3 939 3 992 0,3 14 000 27 209 - 26 829 29 433 27 824 2,0 13 804 - - 4 768 4 416 4 592 0,3 12 600 5 101 4 874 9 687 7 834 7 413 6 982 0,6 10 800 5 153 5 914 7 007 6 162 6 059 0,6 10 562 - - 2 183 1 505 1 844 0,2 9 552 - 6 368 5 881 5 088 5 779 0,6 9 294 - - 7 114 - 7 114 0,8 9 002 19 863 19 675 17 993 17 411 14 929 17 974 2,0 9 000 - 342 342 290 374 337 0,0 8 550 42 423 40 783 - - 41 603 4,9 8 148 - 563 864 415 355 549 0,1 7 509 33 934 33 463 37 606 33 682 34 671 4,6 6 895 14 480 13 524 - 12 947 10 724 12 919 1,9 5 590 - - - 489 489 0,1 5 380 3 050 2 932 11 006 9 932 9 610 7 306 1,4 4 388 - - 3 516 - 3 516 0,8 3 770 6 909 7 570 6 688 8 493 7 415 2,0 3 331 - - 329 - 329 0,1 3 166 6 085 - - - 6 085 1,9 3 074 - 4 448 4 950 4 660 4 382 4 610 1,5 2 965 5 262 6 101 5 878 5 084 5 581 1,9 2 806 24 596 - - - 24 596 8,8 2 752 - 741 - - 741 0,3 2 650 - 2 163 5 484 5 640 4 429 1,7 2 162 1 540 - - 2 554 2 022 2 039 0,9 2 028 - 119 119 119 0,1 2 021 304 270 305 293 0,1 1 931 10 622 10 685 11 255 10 570 11 343 10 895 5,6 1 860 4 903 4 484 4 455 3 380 3 239 4 092 2,2 1 852 - - 11 972 10 952 11 462 6,2 1 682 2 994 2 558 1 853 2 115 2 135 2 331 1,4 1 540 2 266 - 2 817 1 782 2 288 1,5 1 472 - 249 - - 249 0,2 1 421 1 296 1 398 1 330 - 1 341 0,9 1 353 - 245 245 170 220 0,2 1 350 11 220 - - - 11 220 8,3 1 319 - - - - 11 802 11 802 8,9 1 276 1 140 3 488 4 222 3 288 3 273 3 082 2,4 1 275 1 974 2 226 1 998 1 797 1 795 1 958 1,5 1 212 - - - 3 491 3 304 3 398 2,8 1 186 - 11 204 9 150 9 740 9 671 9 941 8,4 1 184 699 650 717 650 718 687 0,6 1 084 1 956 - - 2 486 2 221 2,0 976 1 894 1 829 1 750 1 425 1 725 1,8 972 14 549 - - - 14 549 15,0 890 11 959 - - - 11 959 13,4 767 1 590 1 218 1 483 1 330 1 334 1 391 1,8 759 1 580 1 693 1 730 1 539 1 636 2,2 676 7 435 - - - 7 435 11,0 656 887 912 - 776 795 843 1,3 633 1 605 1 550 - 1 072 1 409 2,2 621 2 298 - 2 271 1 946 2 172 3,5 556 1 350 - 1 481 1 150 1 058 1 260 2,3 441 - - - - 683 683 1,5 438 1 181 1 284 1 049 880 895 1 058 2,4 284 - 1 099 1 179 1 007 1 001 1 072 3,8 215 - - 765 738 - 752 3,5 260 218 314 935 231 859 258 806 250 290 134 137 238 005 0,9 Table/Cuadro/Tabelle 2.8 Trends in fire deaths in the cities of the World in 2017-2021 Dinmica de los fallecidos en incendios en ciudades aos 2017-2021 Dynamik der Brandtotenzahlen in den Stadten fr 2017-2021 Population, Number of fire deaths, inh. Average number of fire deaths: City thous. inh. 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 per year per 100000 per 100 fires inh. Habitantes, en Fallecidos en incendios, hab. Promedio de fallecidos Ciudad miles 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 por ao por 100000 por 100 hab. incendios Stadt Einwohner, in 1000 2017 Anzahl der Brandtoten 2018 2019 2020 2021 Jahr Mittelwert je: 100000 Einw. 100 Brnde 1 Dhaka 2 Delhi 3 Tokyo 4 Tehran 5 Manila 6 Moscow 7 Jakarta 8 Seoul 9 London 10 Ho Chi Minh 11 New York City 12 Hanoi 13 Hong Kong 14 Paris 15 Bangkok 16 St. Petersburg 17 Berlin 18 Madrid 19 Athens 20 Kyiv 21 Osaka 22 Taipei 23 Bucharest 24 Haiphong 25 Minsk 26 Warsaw 27 Hamburg 28 Budapest 29 Ulaanbaatar 30 Kyoto 31 Da Nang 32 Montevideo 33 Sofia 34 Prague 35 Brussels 36 Dublin 37 Astana 38 Yerevan 39 Stockholm 40 Zagreb 41 Helsinki 42 Copenhagen 43 Riga 44 Vilnius 45 Bratislava 46 Tallinn 47 Ljubljana 48 Wellington 21 741 - - 87 14 51 0,2 1,7 16 787 318 297 308 346 591 372 2,2 1,3 14 010 79 86 108 86 86 89 0,6 2,2 14 000 21 - 26 50 32 0,2 0,1 13 804 - - 85 57 71 0,5 1,5 12 600 116 120 166 146 183 146 1,2 2,1 10 562 - - 27 18 23 0,2 1,2 9 552 - 53 37 37 42 0,4 0,7 9 002 102 45 37 30 50 53 0,6 0,3 9 000 - 11 11 12 26 15 0,2 4,5 8 550 86 88 66 - 80 0,9 0,2 8 149 - 2 20 6 12 10 0,1 1,8 7 509 21 17 14 24 19 0,3 0,1 6 895 - - - 27 29 28 0,4 0,2 5 591 - - 16 6 11 0,2 2,2 5 380 100 99 133 133 135 120 2,2 1,6 3 770 31 25 31 17 26 0,7 0,4 3 166 11 - 15 13 0,4 0,2 3 074 - 101 3 13 13 33 1,1 0,7 2 965 56 64 60 51 58 1,9 1,0 2 713 - 27 - - 27 1,0 3,6 2 602 2 16 15 23 14 0,5 0,3 2 162 13 - - 17 22 17 0,8 0,9 2 053 - 1 1 1 1 0,0 0,8 2 021 16 14 24 - 18 0,9 6,1 1 860 8 23 10 13 20 15 0,8 0,4 1 852 12 14 8 8 11 0,6 0,1 1 682 13 17 17 12 14 15 0,9 0,6 1 540 17 - 21 35 24 1,6 1,1 1 469 - 12 - - 12 0,8 4,8 1 353 - 1 1 0 1 0,0 0,3 1 319 - - - - 22 22 1,7 0,2 1 276 13 12 21 11 23 16 1,3 0,5 1 275 92 10 11 13 12 28 2,2 1,4 1 212 - - - - 7 7 0,6 0,2 1 186 4 1 1 7 1 3 0,2 0,0 1 184 27 15 15 22 0 16 1,3 2,3 1 084 1 - - 3 2 0,2 0,1 976 11 2 5 8 7 0,7 0,4 767 - 6 2 1 3 3 0,4 0,2 656 4 5 - - 1 3 0,5 0,4 633 4 7 - 5 5 0,8 0,4 621 17 - 16 24 19 3,1 0,9 556 8 - 7 3 11 7 1,3 0,6 441 - - - - 3 3 0,7 0,4 438 5 6 2 8 6 5 1,2 0,5 284 - - 0 0 0 0 0,0 0,0 216 - - 0 0 0 0,0 0,0 221 538 1 208 1 197 1 427 1 287 1 270 1 278 0,6 0,5 Table/Cuadro/Tabelle 2.9 Statistics of fire services in the cities of the World in 2010-2021 (most recent data) Estadsticas de personal y equipamiento en grandes ciudades del mundo aos 2010-2021 Personal und Ausstattung der Feuerwehren in den Grostdten in den Jahren 2010-2021 City Population, Area, Fire stations Number of Number of fire fighters thous. inh. sq. km. engines ladders career part time volunt. total Ciudad Habitantes Area, km Estaciones Cantidad de Cantidad de Bomberos en miles cuadrados Bomberos Bombas Escalas Profes. Med. tpo. Volunt. total Einwohner, Flche, in Feuer- Anzahl der Personal der Feuerwehr Stadt in 1.000 qkm. wachen LF, TLF DL, TM BF Teilzeit FF Gesamt 1 Shanghai 24 644 1 600 107 - - - - - - 2 Dhaka 21 741 1 464 15 288 10 1 713 - - 1 713 3 Beijing 19 000 6 200 139 850 200 6 900 - - 6 900 4 Delhi 16 787 1 483 56 222 14 3 616 0 0 3 616 5 Istanbul 14 657 5 343 125 - - 4 842 - 344 5 186 6 Tokyo 14 010 2 194 292 537 87 19 006 0 21 721 40 727 7 Tehran 14 000 750 132 361 32 5 243 - - 5 243 8 Manila 13 804 620 142 108 - 3 616 - - 3 616 9 Moscow 12 600 2 561 112 250 52 7 645 0 0 7 645 10 Jakarta 10 562 662 154 238 18 2 571 1 756 - 4 327 11 Seoul 9 552 605 24 124 52 7 126 0 4 382 11 508 12 London 9 002 1 707 103 142 11 5 992 0 0 5 992 13 New York City 8 550 834 218 198 143 11 051 - - 11 051 14 Hanoi 8 149 3 324 35 129 19 1 121 747 - 1 868 15 Hong Kong 7 509 1 108 82 81 97 10 030 - - 10 030 16 Paris 6 895 760 78 164 64 8 598 0 683 9 281 17 Bangkok 5 591 1 569 47 56 92 1 697 0 - 1 697 18 Damascus 5 500 400 20 23 2 690 0 0 690 19 St. Petersburg 5 380 1 436 62 180 41 4 630 0 421 5 051 20 Chicago 5 000 776 100 99 61 4 500 0 0 4 500 21 Los Angeles 4 000 1 217 106 98 48 3 586 0 0 3 586 22 Berlin 3 770 892 95 200 41 4 282 0 1 530 5 812 23 Yokohama 3 709 437 96 96 - 3 479 - - 3 479 24 Sidney 3 600 531 75 225 15 1 800 0 0 1 800 25 Kuwait City 3 500 1 000 33 50 11 3 500 - - 3 500 26 Madrid 3 166 608 14 45 14 1 800 0 0 1 800 27 Melbourne 3 150 811 46 100 8 1 956 60 0 2 016 28 Athens 3 074 412 19 232 18 2 195 - 337 2 532 29 Kyiv 2 965 848 28 115 26 2 030 0 7 127 9 157 30 Osaka 2 752 222 89 - - 3 484 - - 3 484 31 Taipei 2 622 272 44 187 34 1 873 0 1 585 3 458 32 Johannesburg 2 300 573 15 32 10 810 0 0 810 33 Bucharest 2 162 240 36 78 14 2 680 0 0 2 680 34 Havanna 2 100 740 18 32 9 800 0 0 800 35 Minsk 2 021 348 32 78 33 825 - 0 825 36 Vienna 1 931 415 63 71 20 1 809 0 202 2 011 37 Warsaw 1 860 517 17 56 21 1 080 0 433 1 513 38 Hamburg 1 852 755 86 238 24 2 659 - - 3 086 39 Budapest 1 682 525 21 62 13 1 312 0 898 2 210 40 Belgrade 1 659 360 19 151 5 719 0 - 719 41 Ulaanbaatar 1 540 4 704 14 32 4 696 12 6 714 42 Kuala Lumpur 1 401 243 13 17 4 608 0 271 879 43 Munich 1 367 310 32 79 19 1 445 - 687 2 132 44 Sofia 1 275 492 13 46 3 816 0 0 816 45 Prague 1 275 496 61 137 23 889 - 832 1 721 46 Brussels 1 212 162 8 17 13 1 129 0 0 1 129 47 Dublin 1 186 921 14 - - 842 - - 842 48 Nur-Sultan 1 184 797 12 60 26 1 600 - - 1 600 49 Yerevan 1 078 227 13 28 4 590 - - 590 50 Cologne 1 021 405 37 32 14 1 957 - 743 2 700 51 Stockholm 976 187 9 - - 514 41 - 555 52 Bishkek 874 169 9 34 3 384 - - 384 53 Zagreb 767 641 76 78 8 327 - 5 013 5 340 54 Frankfurt Main 759 248 40 83 12 1 000 - 900 1 900 55 Kishinev 732 120 5 30 7 656 -- 656 56 Helsinki 656 716 34 37 7 488 0 355 843 57 Copenhagen 633 89 6 13 9 436 19 0 455 58 Oslo 624 454 8 7 4 456 2 - 458 59 Riga 621 304 10 53 11 546 - 21 567 60 Rotterdam 600 280 15 - - - - - - 61 Dortmund 588 280 27 54 11 748 - 707 1 455 62 Essen 587 210 26 48 10 750 0 550 1 300 63 Dusseldorf 587 217 17 56 11 890 0 294 1 184 64 Seattle 563 217 33 33 11 1 044 - - 1 044 65 Vilnius 556 401 7 19 4 380 0 19 399 66 Bremen 547 325 26 66 7 478 0 603 1 081 67 Hannover 525 204 21 56 9 596 0 636 1 232 68 Bratislava 475 368 4 15 2 293 0 301 594 69 Bratislava 441 368 62 13 4 301 0 790 1 091 70 Tallinn 438 159 6 9 3 218 0 282 500 71 Ljubljana 284 163 38 110 3 135 0 1 076 1 211 72 Brunei Darussalam 73 Wellington (NZ) 240 216 312 636 570 290 62 856 9 9 3 709 5 9 7 472 11 2 1 618 644 182 175 304 0 0 2 637 1 700 73 55 522 2 344 255 233 463 Baltimore Ulaanbaatar Prague Paris Hamburg Berlin Seoul Hong Kong Dublin Ljubljana New York City Tokyo Taipei Bucharest Naples Turin Tehran Milan Bratislava Palermo Rome Wellington Vienna Bern Tallinn Helsinki St.Petersburg Brussels Montevideo London Riga Warsaw Barcelona Budapest Copenhagen Bangkok Sofia Stockholm Madrid Zagreb Vilnius Athens Kyiv Lima Moscow Istanbul Minsk Jakarta Astana Manila Dhaka Ho Chi Minh Hanoi 140,8 124,0 107,1 105,3 103,3 82,9 70,6 70,4 51,0 44,5 43,6 42,1 40,8 33,3 27,0 26,5 22,8 22,1 18,6 16,3 14,9 13,6 13,2 12,0 11,9 11,5 10,0 10,0 9,1 8,6 8,5 8,4 8,0 7,0 6,7 6,3 6,3 6,1 5,7 5,4 5,0 4,1 3,7 3,6 3,5 0,4 0,2 0,1 0,1 270,2 244,1 598,3 573,0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Fig . 2.1: Average number of calls per 1000 inh. (2017-2021) Fig . 2.1: Promedio de operaciones por 1.000 hab. (2017-2021) Bild 2.1: Mittlere Einsatzanzahl je 1000 Einwohner (2017-2021) Naples Turin 13,4 Palermo 11,0 Montevideo 8,9 Rome 8,8 Dublin 8,4 Milan 8,3 Hamburg 6,2 Vienna 5,6 New York City 4,9 Hong Kong 4,6 Ljubljana 3,8 Riga 3,5 Wellington 3,5 Brussels 2,8 Sofia 2,4 Tallinn 2,4 Vilnius 2,3 Copenhagen 2,2 Warsaw 2,2 Frankfurt Main 2,2 Yerevan 2,0 London 2,0 Tehran 2,0 Berlin 2,0 Madrid 1,9 Kyiv 1,9 Paris 1,9 Zagreb 1,8 Stockholm 1,8 Delhi 1,7 Taipei 1,7 Bratislava 1,5 Prague 1,5 Athens 1,5 Ulaanbaatar 1,5 Budapest 1,4 St. Petersburg 1,4 Helsinki 1,3 Muscat 0,9 Bucharest 0,9 Alexandria 0,8 Cairo 0,8 Seoul 0,6 Astana 0,6 Lima 0,6 Moscow 0,6 Manila 0,3 Tokyo 0,3 Osaka 0,3 Jakarta 0,2 Kyoto 0,2 Da Nang 0,2 Minsk 0,1 Dhaka 0,1 Dubai 0,1 Bangkok 0,1 Hanoi 0,1 Haiphong 0,1 Ho Chi Minh 0,0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Fig. 2.2: Average number of fires in cities per 1000 inh. (2017-2021) Fig. 2.2: Promedio de incendios en ciudades por 1.000 hab. (2017-2021) Bild 2.2: Mittlere Brandanzahl je 1000 Einwohner in Stdten (2017-2021) 15,0 16 Riga 3,1 St. Petersburg 2,2 Delhi 2,2 Prague 2,2 Kyiv 1,9 Montevideo 1,7 Ulaanbaatar 1,6 Astana 1,3 Vilnius 1,3 Sofia 1,3 Tallinn 1,2 Moscow 1,2 Athens 1,1 Osaka 1,0 New York City 0,9 Minsk 0,9 Budapest 0,9 Copenhagen 0,8 Kyoto 0,8 Bucharest 0,8 Warsaw 0,8 Berlin 0,7 Bratislava 0,7 Stockholm 0,7 Tokyo 0,6 London 0,6 Brussels 0,6 Hamburg 0,6 Taipei 0,5 Manila 0,5 Helsinki 0,5 Seoul 0,4 Madrid 0,4 Paris 0,4 Zagreb 0,4 Hong Kong 0,3 Dublin 0,2 Dhaka 0,2 Tehran 0,2 Jakarta 0,2 Bangkok 0,2 Yerevan 0,2 Ho Chi Minh 0,2 Hanoi 0,1 Da Nang 0,0 Haiphong 0,0 Wellington 0,0 Ljubljana 0,0 0 1 2 3 4 Fig. 2.3: Average number of fire deaths in cities per 100000 inh. (2017-2021) Fig. 2.3: Promedio de fallecidos en incendios por 100.000 hab. (2017-2021) Bild 2.3: Mittlere Brandtotenanzahl je 100000 Einw. in Stdten (2017-2021) Minsk 6,14 Kyoto 4,82 Ho Chi Minh 4,45 Osaka 3,64 Astana 2,30 Bangkok 2,25 Tokyo 2,23 Moscow 2,09 Hanoi 1,82 Dhaka 1,74 St. Petersburg 1,64 Manila 1,55 Prague 1,41 Delhi 1,28 Jakarta 1,22 Ulaanbaatar 1,06 Kyiv 1,03 Riga 0,87 Bucharest 0,85 Haiphong 0,84 Seoul 0,73 Athens 0,70 Budapest 0,63 Vilnius 0,58 Sofia 0,52 Tallinn 0,51 Bratislava 0,44 Helsinki 0,40 Copenhagen 0,38 Stockholm 0,38 Warsaw 0,36 Berlin 0,35 Taipei 0,32 Da Nang 0,30 London 0,29 Paris 0,22 Zagreb 0,22 Madrid 0,21 Brussels 0,21 New York City 0,19 Montevideo 0,19 Tehran 0,12 Hamburg 0,09 Yerevan 0,09 Hong Kong 0,05 Dublin 0,03 Wellington 0,00 Ljubljana 0,00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Fig. 2.4: Average number of fire deaths per 100 fires (2017-2021) Fig. 2.4: Promedio de fallecidos por 100 incendios (2017-2021) Bild 2.4: Mittlere Brandtotenzahlen je 100 Brnde in Stdten (2017-2021) Other/ Otros/ Sonstiges 26,0 % Fires/ Incendios/ Brnde 4,6 % Incidents, accidents/ Accidentes/ Havarie 6,3 % False/ Falsas alarmas/ Fehleinstze 1,2 % Medical aid/ Ayuda mdica// Medizin. Hilfe 61,9 % Fig. 2.5: Type of fire service calls in the cities (2021) Fig. 2.5: Estructura de operaciones en ciudades (2021) Bild 2.5: Struktur der Feuerwehreinstze in den Stdten (2021) Rubbish/ Basura/ Mll 23,4 % Other/ Otros/ Sonstige 35,1 % Grass,bush/ Pastizales, matorrales/ Gras 3,0 % Forests/ Forestal/ Wald 0,8 % Vehicle/ Vehculos/ Transport 7,7 % Other buildings/ Otras construcciones/ Andere Gebude 9,5 % Residential buildings/ Edificios residenciales/ Wohngebude 20,5 % Fig. 2.6: Distribution of fires by types in the cities (2021) Fig. 2.6: Distribucin de incendios por tipos en ciudades (2021) Bild 2.6: Brnde nach Objekten der Brandentstehung in den Stdten (2021) Other buildings/ Otras construcciones/ Andere Gebude 8,7 % Vehicle/ Vehculos/ Transport 1,9 % Other/ Otros/ Sonstige 10,4 % Residential buildings/ Construcciones residenciales/ Wohngebude 79,1 % Fig. 2.7: Distribution of fire deaths by types in the cities (2021) Fig. 2.7: Distribucin de fallecidos segn tipo mde incendio en ciudades (2021) Bild 2.7: Verteilung der Brandtoten nach Objekten der Brandentstehung in den Stdten (2021) Other buildings/ Otras construcciones/ Andere Gebude 16,8 % Vehicle/ Vehculos/ Transport 1,6 % Other/ Otros/ Sonstige 3,6 % Residential buildings/ Construcciones residenciales/ Wohngebude 78,0 % Fig. 2.8: Distribution of fire injuries by types in the cities (2021) Fig. 2.8: Distribucin de lesionados segn tipo de construccin en ciudades (2021) Bild 2.8: Verteilung der Brandverletzten nach Objekten der Brandentstehung in den Stdten (2021) Dhaka Damascus Hanoi Delhi Jakarta Manila Bangkok Istanbul Johannesburg Beijing Tehran Havana Minsk Zagreb Belgrade Kuala Lumpur Bishkek Ulaanbaatar Ljubljana Tallinn Sidney Stockholm Yerevan Madrid Warsaw Moscow Melbourne Bratislava Sofia London Bratislava Vilnius Kyiv Copenhagen Prague Dublin Athens Taipei Oslo Helsinki Seoul Budapest Wellington (NZ) St. Petersburg Bremen Riga Kishinev Los Angeles Chicago Brussels Vienna Yokohama Kuwait City Munich Hanover Berlin Bucharest Paris Osaka Dortmund Essen New York City Frankfurt Main Hong Kong Nur-Sultan Tokyo Hamburg Dusseldorf Seattle Cologne Brunei Darussalam 0 4 642 4 108 3 817 3 295 3 027 2 840 2 754 2 670 2 625 2 450 2 346 2 307 2 304 2 276 2 213 2 104 2 009 2 000 1 899 1 827 1 759 1 722 1 648 1 610 1 577 1 563 1 502 1 465 1 463 1 461 1 452 1 434 1 409 1 400 1 400 1 368 1 344 1 340 1 282 1 187 1 162 1 144 1 137 1 116 1 115 1 111 1 074 1 067 1 066 1 000 946 881 880 807 802 790 786 783 774 759 749 740 737 697 660 539 522 373 2 000 4 000 6 000 7 971 7 269 12 692 8 000 10 000 12 000 14 000 Fig. 2.9: Average number of inhabitants per 1 career firefighter Fig. 2.9: Promedio de habitantes por 1 Bombero profesional Bild 2.9: Mittlere Einwohneranzahl auf 1 Berufsfeuerwehrmann Dhaka Damascus Delhi Hanoi Manila Bangkok Johannesburg Istanbul Beijing Tehran Havana Minsk Jakarta Belgrade Bishkek Ulaanbaatar Sidney Yerevan Madrid Stockholm Moscow Kuala Lumpur Sofia Melbourne London Dublin Vilnius Copenhagen Oslo Warsaw Athens Kishinev Los Angeles Chicago Riga Brussels Yokohama St. Petersburg Kuwait City Vienna Tallinn Wellington (NZ) Seoul Bucharest Osaka Helsinki Bratislava New York City Budapest Taipei Hong Kong Paris Prague Nur-Sultan Berlin Munich Hamburg Seattle Bremen Dusseldorf Essen Hanover Bratislava Dortmund Frankfurt Main Cologne Tokyo Kyiv Ljubljana Zagreb Brunei Darussalam 4642 4362 3817 3295 2840 2826 2754 2670 2625 2450 2441 2307 2276 2157 2000 1827 1759 1759 1648 1594 1563 1563 1502 1409 1393 1391 1362 1229 1214 1116 1115 1111 1095 1074 1066 1065 1000 960 876 847 830 807 790 778 778 774 761 758 749 743 741 740 649 641 600 539 506 496 452 426 404 404 399 378 344 324 235 144 102 7971 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 Fig. 2.10: Average number of inhabitants per 1 firefighter Fig. 2.10: Promedio de habitantes por 1 Bombero Bild 2.10: Mittlere Einwohneranzahl auf 1 Feuerwehrmann 12692 14000 Bishkek Yerevan NurSultan Dublin Brussels Sofia Belgrade Minsk Havana Bucharest Johannesburg Osaka Madrid Kuwait City Sidney Yokohama Los Angeles Chicago Damascus Bangkok Hong Kong New York City London Moscow Manila Tehran Delhi Beijing Dhaka Oslo Ulaanbaatar Melbourne Riga Copenhagen Vilnius Istanbul Paris Stockholm St. Petersburg Vienna Athens Hamburg Dusseldorf Berlin Cologne Warsaw Wellington (NZ) Kuala Lumpur Munich Seoul Hanoi Jakarta Budapest Helsinki Essen Taipei Frankfurt Main Prague Dortmund Bratislava Hanover Tokyo Bremen Tallinn Bratislava Brunei... Kyiv Ljubljana Zagreb 0% Career Part timer Volunteers 20% 40% 60% 80% Fig. 2.11: Contributions of categories of firefighters [%] Fig. 2.11: Proporcin de Bomberos segn categora [%] Bild 2.11: Anteile der Feuerwehrmannkategorien [%] 100% Ulaanbaatar Dhaka Hanoi Bratislava Nur-Sultan Dublin Brunei... Vilnius Oslo Beijing Madrid Istanbul Havana Johannesburg Sofia Bangkok Wellington (NZ) Warsaw Riga Kuwait City Kyiv Tallinn Delhi Seoul Budapest Kishinev St. Petersburg Moscow Athens Helsinki Stockholm Brussels Damascus Belgrade Bishkek Kuala Lumpur Rotterdam Melbourne Yerevan London Shanghai Copenhagen Hong Kong Dusseldorf Bremen Los Angeles Cologne Minsk Dortmund Paris Hanover Munich Berlin Hamburg Zagreb Prague Essen Chicago Tokyo Sidney Bucharest Vienna Seattle Frankfurt Main Taipei Bratislava Tehran Yokohama Manila Jakarta Ljubljana New York City Osaka 66,4 65,8 63,3 57,3 56,8 44,6 43,4 42,7 41,1 38,2 37,8 33,4 32,2 30,4 30,4 30,3 30,3 26,5 26,5 25,2 25,0 24,0 23,2 22,9 21,7 21,1 20,8 20,3 20,0 18,9 18,8 18,7 18,7 17,6 17,5 16,6 15,0 14,8 13,5 12,8 12,5 11,5 10,9 10,9 10,4 9,7 9,7 9,7 9,4 8,8 8,4 8,1 8,1 7,8 7,5 7,1 6,7 6,6 6,6 6,2 6,2 5,9 5,7 4,6 4,4 4,3 4,3 3,8 2,5 97,6 95,0 92,0 336,0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Fig. 2.12: Average response area per one fire station [sq.km] Fig. 2.12: Area de respuesta promedio por 1 estacin de Bomberos [km cuad.] Bild 2.12: Mittlere Ausrckebereichsflche 1 FW [qkm]