Document 4Jn2zQv02j7deV55MwGQEZRd1

TO: asbestos study committee SUBJECT: ACTIVITY COHCERNIIS ASBESTOS December 26, 1973 Mr. I. H. Ueaver, Chairman of the Committee has kept me abreast on various activities in government, Induscry and in the press concerning asbestos. Because of the considerable amount of literature I an only forwarding articles that your Chairman specifically suggested I send to the Committee Members. These articles are: 1. "Type of Asbestos and Respiratory Cancer in the Asbestos Industry" (Types of asbestos and their carcinogenic potentials). 2. "Asbestos Health Question Perplexes Experts" (A surinary of the Durham, N.C. meeting on the biological effe ts of ingested asbestos). In addition, I have listed all the articles received from Mr. Weaver which are related to the asbestos problem. Should you wish a < spy of any of these articles, please let me know. One item is a 16 page booklet entitled "CAUTION: ASBESTOS DUST.... I do not have extra copies of this booklet but they a*e available at a price from Channing L. Bete Co., Inc., 45 Federal Street, Greenfield, Mass. (or directly from h'lOSii). See attached price list for this booklet. The foregoing is to keep th^jCgg^jg^BajUafifL concerning literature on asbestosi ^ac* E. !?. Drislane Executive Director O ctober 1973 , May 1973 S nider, R .J ., O ccupational Hazards 1 American In d u s tria l Hygiene A ssociation Journal CM r- O' r-i fH X U cl < m p^. O' X U x XJ CL 0) CO en r- O' >* x O' x >> f-4 3 *-) m cr> *-H l-i a> X 0 XJ CJ O n r*O' X U 0) X 0 XJ u O c c Xu 3 5s O o cc X xj x o CD * u-i co X. o . CD j-l ca H 3U 0) o J cn m cC c o *X XJ XU U< W QJ X 2a XJ -c a C* E C *o wu 01 X o > 03 C 2W 0) X X O <0 XJ X 0) X o to > < &o cm X to cr c O JZ UH 01 X J L-i C2 t: O .2 as x *H 4) w 41 O vm ^2 E -O O SOW CL U x o XJ 0) c 01 o XX XJ < (0 x wu oo X 0) k < 2c o k X u XJ X CO cE ow XJ 0) Lo-i !* c co l--l < CC X * XJ X om X o> W2 CO 2C O w ft Cl > c *w CD CD X 0o ww 2< c X XJ 01 X 3 a c o X XJ tl < X Q XJ C o E C O w X > c u x f-* O' X w a X 0 XJ CJ o 0) c X K a 00 S 2 XJ .50 4) X 03 < O PN. O' X U 01 X o XJ O o < HH < CM O * --FF ei * as 03 c0) 01 w 0) 2 x r** O' f-H u CJ X o XJ u o XJ rH CO 01 2 c o W X > c w 'X u u < Cl H JS u XJ CQ 2 The Asbestos In d u s try S tru g g le s to Comply w ith -T o u g h New S ta n d a rd ( In d u s tr y approaches on OSILA A sb e sto s S ta n d a rd s ) Asbestos, T alc and N itr ite s in R e la tio n to G a s tric Cancer (A summary re p o rt on ta lc in je c tio n s in to hamsters in d ic a tin g no c a rc in o g e n ic e ffe c ts ) ' 01 w 3 CD O O. 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T5 k >v C o Up PH Cu k Up XO E Ex 9k Xu X < up V' M X X XJ pH kX Xu a. fH X 50 Id O pH XO X fH X Si X pH C CU 0 k X 50 CU C fH Ck OX H X kZ a x 9U cr X zO Xk k 0 heX aX XX 0 ZkX 9 X Q *9 0X k Xk SX 0 Xk X 50 0 Up C < O pH Ash tcs Study Committee K Mr. E. E. Feierabend American 3rakeb-lok Division Abex Corporation Winchester, Va. 22601 yr. C. K. Menz '^\ Mr. R. A. He;nnelgarn Grizzly Friction Products Maremont Corporation 700 West Caroline Street Paulding, Ohio 45879 Friction Materials Division\ Bendix Corporation 'j P. U. BUI iJiT'- Troy, K.Y. 12181 x Mr. Thomas Bell H. K. Porter Co., Inc. Thermoid Division 1849 East Sabine Street Huntington, Ind. 46750 Mr. William Simon Brassbestos Manufacturing Corporation * Mr. J. H. Marsh 45 East 5 Street . Paterson, N. J. 07524 Mr. E. R. Zacharias Carlisle Corporation Molded Materials Division P. 0. Box P Ricgway, Pa. 15853 Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc. 205 Middle Street Bridgeport, Conn. 06603 Mr. L. Burgess Wheeling Brake Block Mfg. Co. 100 West Boyd Avenue . Bridgeport, Ohio 43912 Mr.,L. Carreras Forcee Manufacturing Corporation P. 0. Box 607 Tappahannock, Va. 22560 -Mr. W. M. Sleeth Royal Industries Brake Products Stewart Lane Danville, Ky. 40422 Mr. L. E. May. World Bestos Company, Division of The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company 1112 South 25 Street Mew Castle, Ind. 47362 Mr. F. W~. Barton, Jr. Reddavay Mfg. Co., Inc. 32 Euclid Avenue Newark, N.J. 07105 Mr. T. Terrell Melded Industrial Friction Corporation 327 Walnut Street Prattville, Ala. 36707 Mr. J. Clegg Tr.e S. K. Wellnan Corporation 200 Egbert Road Bedford, Ohio 44146 Mr. R. J. Kick Staff Engineer Products Service Delco-Moraine Division General Motors Corporation 1420 Wisconsin Boulevard Dayton, Ohio 45401 Mr. J. Gallagher Thiokol Chemical Corporation Panelyte Industrial Division Enterprise Avenue Trenton, N.J. 08604 Mr. S. Comins Auto Friction Corporation 651 Andover Street Lawrence, Mass. 01842 Mr. E. R. Koss Chemical Division Chrysler Corporation 5437 W. Jefferson Trenton, Mich. 4S183 Mr. F. T. Gatke Gatke Corporation 228 North La Salle Street Chicago, 111. 60601 Mr. T. J. Laher Lasco Brake Products Corporation, Ltd. 2615 Magnolia Screet Oakland, Calif. 94607 D- / -7 77 r.^crfth materials staieai INSTITUTE, ISC., E. 210 TJUTF PASAilUS, S.J. 07652 TO: ASBESTOS STUDY COMMITTEE SUBJECT: ACTIVITY C0HCEXHII-3S ASBESTOS December 26, 1973 Mr. I. H. Weaver, Chalman of the Committee has kept me abreast on various activities In government. Industry and in the press concerning asbestos. Because of the considerable amount of literature I am oaly forwarding articles that your Chairman specifically suggested I send to Che Coonlttee Members. These articles are: 1. "Type of Asbestos and Respiratory Cancer In the Asbestos Industry" (Types of asbestos and their carcinogenic potentials). 2. "Asbestos Health Question Perplexes Experts" (A summary of the Durham, N.C. meeting on the biological effects of ingested asbestos). In addition, I have listed all the articles received from Hr. Weaver which are related to the asbestos problem. Should you wish a copy of any of these articles, please let me know. One item is a 16 page booklet entitled "CAUTION:. ASBESTOS^ DUST.... 1 do not have extra copies of this booklet but they axe available.'eC* a price from Chancing L. Bete Co., Inc., 45 Federal Street, Greenfield, Mass. (or directly from KIOSU). See attached price list for this booklet. The foregoing Is to keep th^^ogyj&B&&&fifL concerning literature on asbestos. EVD:llz Enc. E. W. Drlslane Executive Director : cs L-OZEU.CCdg < Mr. E. H. Peierabend American Zrakeoiok Division Ajex Corporation Winchester, Va. 22601 Mr. R. A. Hemiaelgarn Grizzly Friction Products Maremonc Corporation 700 West Caroline Street Paulding, Ohio 45879 Mr. C. N. Menz Friction Materials Division; Bendix Corporation , -r-wrrarzis-' | Troy, :M. 12181 - - ----* x Mr. Thomas Bell H. K. Porter Co., Inc. Thermoid Division 1849 East Sabine Screet Huntingcon, Ind. 46750 Mr. William Simon Brassbestos Manufacturing Corporation Mr. J. H. Marsh 45 Bast 5 Street . Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc. Paterson, N. J. 07524 205 Middle Street Bridgeport, Conn. 06603 Mr. . R. Zacharias Carlisle Corporation Molded Materials Division Mr. L. Burgess Wheeling Brake Block Mfg. Co. P. 0. Box P 100 West Boyd Avenue . Ricgyay, Pa. 15853 Bridgeport, Ohio 43912 * Mr.,L. Carreras Forcee Manufacturing Corporation P. 0. Box 607 Tappahannock, Ya. 22560 Mr. W. M. Sleeth Royal Industries Brake Products Stevart Lane Danville, Ky. 40422 Mr. L. E. May. World Sestos Company, Division of The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company 1112 South 25 Street New Castle, Ind. 47362 Mr. F. W'. Barton, Jr. Reddavay Mig. Co., Inc. 32 Euclid Avenue Newark, N.J. 07105 Mr. T. Terrell Melded Industrial Friction Corporation 327 Walnut Screet Prattville, Ala. 36707 Mr. J. Clegg The S. K. Weilean Corporation 200 Egbert Road Bedford, Ohio 44146 Mr. R. J. Kick Staff Engineer Products Service Delco-Moraine Division General Motors Corporation 1420 Wisconsin Boulevard Dayton, Ohio 45401 Mr. J. Gallagher Thiokol Chemical Corporation Panelyte Industrial Division Enterprise Avenue Trenton, N.J. 08604 Mr. S. Cotnins Auto Friction Corporation 651 Andover Street Lawrence, Mass. 01842 Mr. E. R. Koss Chemical Division Chrysler Corporation 5437 W. Jefferson Trenton, Mich. 4S183 Mr. F. T. Gatke Gatke Corporation 228 North La Salle Street Chicago, 111. 60601 Mr. T. J. Laher . Lasco 3rake Products Corporation, Ltd. 2615 Magnolia Street Oakland, Calif. 94607 --; j/ -7 "is^Ar/r ^ ]*CJU*S~a-Ci, B R squared inc. *S /&.`r<-'.AJ 241 east shore road, great neck, n.y. 11023 ndVSNIBIIP it, ! j "Safety on the Job Becomes a Major Job for Management" is the title of a feature article in the November issue of "Fortune". The validity oi'ihis premise has been established; II, HV III.IIMlVIllt'lll t>l AllllTIlMI) I'IIMIICnn II111NI filld ways It* inouiu .111 c 11 It It-II i otloit ,ii 11 i.i 11.1 pt*.i lilt* eosl. Business in the USA no longer has the luxury of setting its own pace in solving on-the-job safety and health problems. The Occupational Safety 2nd Health Act changed that. Industries facing the most difficult problems have found solutions; all management can learn from their examples. "Report Series on OSHA" presents the problems -d the solutions for examination. Up to the present time most management has had to contend omy with on-the-job safety, but the asbestos industry has. in addition, the serious problem of an occupational health hazard. In fact, the health hazard through exposure to asbestos dust is considered so serious that it has become the Tint permanent standard involving a health hazard to be promulgated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administra tion. When the hazard of asbestos dust is discussed, (lie astvsi**s pt.mi that ium| often enters the discus sion is Jolms-Hlanvtllc's Manvttk, New Jersey plant. JM'S Manville plant... can it maet all of the OSHA standards and still operate profitably? The bull's-eye in the target for critics of American Industry's occupational health record has been the Johns-Manville plant at Manville, New Jersey. Here at this plant, one of the oldest and largest asbestos processing plants in the USA, the significant incidence f diseases connected to exposure to asbestos dust as first spnilighicd. Since these diseases appear ten iw-ni. ......... .i -r funtv.nn*, corroctivi' mciv.iv^'s * ,1 ... UK,! .* ..................... I . ..I * l*o. ti ! Mr|| n iHrrig, unn taken today, or even those started ten years ago. can not be judged as effective for certain for many more years to come. And so the argument as to whetner enough is being done will continue. During the month of November, at least two symposia on asbestos related diseases were held. The press release for the American Industrial Hygiene Association meeting on asbestos related diseases states "The meeting may become one of a contro versial nature." Meanwhile, asbestos processing at Man\Wk con tinues on a best effort basis. This is not to say thi ail plants in the entire industry are also making a oest effort. Since 1961 , complete records of dus; and .*i\'v tos fiber samplings have been kept for the mree operating divisions that comprise the Manviiic r-mi. . In 1969, the asbestos fiber count from .61 o, .. ( total of 397 stations was over the tnc.i JM standard TLV of 6 fibers per cubic centi meters. In 1972 to date, the asbestos fiber count from 7 of 306 stations exceeded the OSHA siaml.inls of 5 fibers jht cubic eenlum u r. The program to reduce lolul dusi mid auhuim- ;i\I*,'nIo> filters started ill !:.I leu yr.u-. I l.- written mul photographic records at Manville ol Hum improvements over the years .show how iliorou;'ii mu. complete the change has been. The dust collection equipment, originally in stalled had to be improved and upgradcu year after year to meet ever more stringent JM standards. (At the imposition of the emergency asbestos standards by OSHA in December 1971, JM's own standards were comparable.) Processes were improved 2nd the handling of asbestos was changed from burlap bags opened in the room to sealed paper containers opened in . n cm . e! *v.\' part of the vriKcssras ip.-wbrn: lie lltlt, aU 'l I* Not only has the asbestos textile operation it* self been simplified, but at each machine dust, supp ressant is applied to the yam to prevent fibers from detaching. - Respirators are use* at any and all stations \ where the monitoring of the fiber count in the air J determines that the OSHA standard of 5 fibers per cubic centimeter has been exceeded.These areas re- ' quinng respirators are marked by lines on the floor and posted. Even maintenance personnel entering the marked area for short pefiods'must wear respirators./ under conditions that lead to me discovery of me deadly nature of the material they were processi.-.' presumably for the benefit of man. For those with less sentiment, who ask ii-.e question "Can American industry afford the ocean*, tional safety and health standards that the ] 9TO Act demands?" the answer seems also to be provided by JM's Man ville plant. It is operating at a profit. JM s Manville Plant... the record as the Union sees n Plant housekeeping is scheduled, controlled, and constantly checked. The mandatory procedures have become habit with all employees, and the responsibili ty for maintenance of standard practices lies with each plant manager. Corporate auditors for housekeeping pay unannounced visits to all JM plants such as Manville. Areas not passing proscribed practices arc photographed hy the auditors. The pic lures are pre sented to the plant manager, who, within a prescribed period of about one week, must sene a picture of the same area to corporate headquarters shqwing that the condition has been rectified. These are not just in structions written in a manual; they are conditions that can be viewed any day in any part of the Manville plant. Manville is a plant with 2200 employees, with training and organization so well set up that no more than two dozen men are required full time for safety and environmental control. If you ask anyone at the plant why this is so, the answer is that it is everyone's job from the top-down. ~ TM-- Safety is so integrated with environmental con trol for health that it is difficult to separate them. Ask when the safety program started at Manville and the answer comes back "Before any employee here can remember.' ' For the year 1971, three out of four manufacturing units at Manville had frequency rate of disabling injuries as low as the industries rated best by the National Safety Council. One of the four units did not have a goodmecord for 1971. The over all disabling injury rate for the seventy-odd JM plants for the last ten-year period has steadily de clined with the exception of 1971 and is among the best in manufacturing industries. If it were not for the fact that asbestos dust, in tlte last five years, has become recognized as a deadly health hazard, Manville might have been touted as a model plant. An environmental control program started at Manville in 19SS with one of the first trial hygiene laboratories in any American plant, and has been progressing steadily toward correcting the hciilih harnrd conditions of dust, noise, and toxic Mil'tlimm IvIimi1 uit'tl oilier Imltuliie* Mm Ini wli ')< iHlil'"' II mil'll I* !*#--r- (ill lllil I**11 lll'lil" IllViHllI l Hill l It'll1 III' III lllil Im'iH'I I Hllllll'lll" ii'i * .< |n ijinI ill ni.my yi:.<<*, Ilii> pl.m I imell I * -- ! y lt.ivc. been shut down. It is ironic that Ibis plant was the one wtic re so manv emnlovecs worked in the past Organized labor, which fought hard for the pass age of the 1970 Act, then worked equally hard fo; the "creation of a strong and effective permanent enforcement standard on asbestos under the Occupa tional Safety and Health Act to protect workers whe arc exposed to asbestos fiber dust." Much of the Union's story of the Manvilic I'iani was obtained in an interview with Robert Klinger. Vice President of Local 800, United Papcrmakers and Paperworkers). Bob Klinger is alert, knowledge able, and impressive as representative of the Union He started in 1959 in the Manville Plant as a macr.ine operator m the pipe mill and has been a W of the Local for three years, spending full time now on Union business. He participated in a presents non io the press by the Industrial Union Department. ArL, CIO on March 14, 1972, prior to the puouc hearings, on the permanent asbestos standard. Until 1967, Local 800 did not receive much in formation from Johns-Manville concerning the rela tion of asbestos to the health of Manville Plant em ployees. According to the Union, the Public Healm Service studied the Manville Plant in 1965. The re sults of this study were sent to the Company and to the State of New Jersey, but not to Local 800. A union'request for an insection in 1966 by the State of New Jersey produced no results because the State lacked up-to-date air sampling equipment. As far as Local 800 is concerned, progress toward cooperation by Johns-Manville started in 1967 when, at the insistence of the Union, workers were told the results of their company medical exami nations. Also in 1967, there was the October 12 letter to Marshall Smith, then President of the Local, from Dr. Maxwell Borow which pointed to 18 cases of mesiothelioma in the area, possibly due to asbestos exposure. Dr. Borow stated in his letter that he had requested some financial aid toward preparing an exhibit to call the dangers of asbestos exposure to the attention of the medical profession. His letter states that he was turned down by Johns-Manville. Ilitlt K lilll'i-r irrtifind V/iftiunl nic >.i * *- IihI'I* ll1 11* I ill (Ml ! in............1.. i 1,1 III l|.< flll'lt- III *t * I !%*(- I *111 .............! ................... IIimi n| ||it: lit <illli Ii.i/,n11 itiitl llu' i llmiii.ii "I "i. causes. ('ei'liiinly hy today's sland.mU. JM did m-il-v errors in judgement in its reunions with its muun. Bob Klinger credits Marshall Smith with continuous effort, beginining in the early sixties, to educate the union members to the danger and to obtain action from the Manville Plant. In answer to a question. Bob dinger said that he himselfjeamed of the danger of i ibestos dust about 1965 and even then treated the information with a certain amount of disbelief. There was a strike in 1970 when the contract between JM and Local 800 ended. A hard-fought issue, although not the only one, was Union insistence on joint participation in the "elimination and control of objectionable environmental conditions at the Manville Plant." The new labor agreement, dated January 21, 1971, established a Union/Management Environmen tal Control Committee. Both sides now feel this Committee brings about quick action on such environim'Dial problems. flit' w .iv tliiii I oval Kill) .nid |li,' M.mvdle I'l.ml handle snlety and health related activities has ob viously hutli up a great deal ol' good will between the |*.iilie involved. Payment of vva:e\ hv JM lo tioiuh t'uipliU ees while tliov me eiir..if.*M mi .ilelv ami health aelivilu'N paNses without n,*iuv at Man ville. This arrangement should not pass without notice at other companies. Speaking from his own evaluation, but cognizant of his position as a Union official. Bob Klinger feels that conditions are well on the way to the point t where he can say with confidence to a new employee that conditions at the Manville Plant are healthy as well as safe. The Asbestos Information Association . . .it gives information and answers for an industry with with a health hazard problem % Publication of a booklet "What You Seed to Know about Asbestos" for employees of companies using asbestos in manufacturing and construction to serve as an employee safety and health guide. . Maintaining contact with the Occupational Safe ty and Health Administration to discuss problems relating to asbestos and to obtain interpretation of standards. Assembling general information about the indus try for members, government, and all industry. The Executive Secretary of the Association is Matthew Swetonic, a man who can and does provide the facts and straightforward answers to questions about the h alth effects of asbestos. The Asbestos Information Association is located at 22 East 40th Street, New York, N.Y. 10016. Sunn e.eueuillceil i niiehishms nlmtil the u\he\t>>-. industry 's x/tcricncc J'/t months after the (imminent shinihiitls rent Into effect . . . The sonre i*. M.ui- lti`W Iitti'i iiiir. r.i'i iUivr ii l.'iry, A*.b* Inl'.i nniliiiii Ah'.mi iiiljiii, . . . Most operations were not as far from (he 5 liber per cubic centimeter standard as was believeJTai first. The 5 fiber limit has been met by most opera tions without excessive economic drain. Based on the experience of a few plants, the 2 fiber limit is obtainable within the three years al lowed, but it is still a problem and is expected to be costly. The loss of business through switch from asbes tos to other materials is not yet significant. All manufacturers using asbestos in their pro ducts can handle asbestos in compliance with OSHA standards using known methods and technology. Recognition of I hi* problem* llul would Iv fotihconung from tin* pasxape of the thvnpalional Safety ami Health Act of l`>70 coincided with Ihc formation in IVcemhcr I`>70 of Use Asbcslo* Infor mation AsMVialiou/Norlh Anunicn. Today tin* AvaH'iution, imu|*o***I <! ii*-t>--i I'm politic Mi'mlii'n, Im mi oul'ilimdmi' * him|>- "1 Imw mm tndnuliv tllli*1 llllllI*III ll< lull*Ml Mil linn iK'll AIA inovhlrt aullioitlalivc ndooiiuttoi, ilic cllwl* of asbestos on health aiul how the health hazard can be controlled. In general, the AIA has six areas of activity: p.i..i,,P"wJiii tit; r,,d of ,Q7-con* Conducting seminars on problems of asbestos related to OSHA, in four geographical areas of the USA for customer* of member companies. OSHA . , . what's dono und what's dnini A mic-iiiontii (Ati/'.ust 1972; OMJA ja.pcth''/ breakdown: iiIhmiI t i:i11 ill III" luhll ili'.|*" li'ar , I Iiltllllll it* I Ml Im* iilifMl-hlii* Ml" i- ll.'i '* 11- |ii|Im " lt|* III -i** * ll'*ii . i- ill i>* ' n lit MM *<* <*'li `MI|dW*.|-* fin tiltun- '< ``O' Viously tiled Violations, Willi |ii*|ed Im*., < SI 2.630. - 557 employee complaints were received t OSHA. - 108 cases were contested to the Occnoahnn.- ..i.i * i, i* i.*- ........ : Revised Part 1910 - Occupational Safety ant Health Standards, which appeared in the Octobc V to CD XD CD I o r- X ^ r? 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O 9 r--4 03 CJ r~^ CJ 0 CN fN 0 r\j 0 rnj 0 r-i r~\ m CN m vr vn O n n 1 m ro m n C oiicen t;iM t i. o n 1 1i ni4 7ani exc e s s o TLV * O3 in a pj o E n < -a cj c u2 (U o a & 'O w .a jC u 2H X 0 Cn > H a 0 r-^ 0 ra x: 0 s c 0 x: a, e. X) CO r7-- a S r> i-4 0 pH ro CN cn 0 CN cr* m 0 'd c d0 x: CN CN -5 pr x: x: Q au a0 -rC O rc *H Z cq 0 H U GZ H VI U c& M Vl W VC O X> 4J O cu X* OO Cu XJ r- . <0 0 Ai c 0 -*< 3 5 *3 5 - a0 *H W XI O & X> V O k. w (is . m a r--{ 0 H> rtf -U Pi o *r-{ E-t < Q) E a -p rtf a CN . O . s <3 ra 0 O'. CN ** -O ON r-C U3 r \ n CN c <n 0 a0 ra r> n cn -0 m r-i * m 0 EE a ra f- CN 0 cn * * 00 .-C --C V fri o Xr&a 0 ? (N o zw m m m 000 CO CO cr> Qr~t oa Q O CU r"( T3 ~ Z a 1--4 E->a -i e1 0 r-i CN fO Wo W ra f"l . 0 % * u. C c i r i > c c c c r C C C . mt \r 7 G --3 Pouting requirca-cnts in locations vhare excessive fiber levels are preccnt ere not being observed. Caution signs should be posted at all approaches to areas con taining excessive concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers. This is an OSHA requirements as set forth in the Code of Federal Regulations, and is listed heroin as a repeat recommendation dating back to our survey reports of August 14-18, 1972, October 2-6, 1972, and September 10-14, 1973. 7G-9 ;; Employees are not being notified of their own excessive exposure to airborne asbestos so that they can taka appropriate protective measures whether it be through the consistent use of respirators or more careful vork habits. Employees should be notified in writing of their personal exposure as soon as practicable, but not later than 5 days of the finding. They, shoiild also be advised of the corrective action being taken. This is an OSHA requirement as set forth in the Code of Federal Regulations, and is listed heroin as a repeat recoratendation dating back to our survey reports of August 14--18, 1972, October 2-6, 1972, and September 10-14, 1973. DISCUSSION During the survey, two or irvore short term samples were collecte at each of several operators, particularly in Book and Blok Preform, to obtain averages of levels throughout the day. These particular locations are listed below vith the actual and averaged values. LOCATION ACTUAL LEVELS fibers/ml AVERAGE fIbers/rai Book Preform #19 Book Preform- #2 Book Preform #4 Blok Preform #5 Blok Preform #2 Blok Preform #7 3.78 and 4.26 4.41 ana 6.85. 3.56 and 6.55 . 3.74, 3.01, and 5.19 7.10, 4.41, and 5.33 5.42 and 6.76 4.02 5.63 5.05 5.65 5.61 ' 6.1 It would have been ideal if 5 separate samples could nave bean taken at each location for purposes of closer averaging and to comply with OSHA sampling requirements. Hovcvcr, in this instance, time was limited since 3ome asbestos counting was done on site in addition to sample collection. The above data do show fluctuations, but none are extreme, and it is apparent that the averages are reasonably representative of actual 8 houj time weighted exposure levels. The short terra method of samp ling is necessary when airborne particulate concentrations are elevated. Prolonged sampling at some locations overloads the filter, preventing accurate identification and sizing of fibers during microscopic examination. When this happens, erroneous fiber levels of from 10 to 100 times below actual concentrations may be reported. As indicated in Appendix No. 1, book and blok preform samples continued to show elevated fiber levels, especially when re lated to the 2 fiber limit scheduled for adoption by OSHA in July. Since ventilation chances have not resulted in notice able reduction from levels of December 16-20, 1574, it is . apparent that sources or points of major dust release at each . blok and book preform unit have not been adequately ventilated. Most past survey reports have stressed the need for proper exhaust enclosure of the mix buggies and hand transfer portions of the processes. This need is again reiterated. It is our understanding that engineering controls are to be installed at the mix buggy locations in Blok Preform in the near future. These plans should also include Book Preform where hooding installations have helped to reduce scattering and spillage, but have had moderate effect on airborne fiber concentrations. A recent Industrial Hygiene survey at Salisbury-PPG has dinclosed prefern fiber levels ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 fibers/ml. One or two locations were above 2 fiber s/cl, but the reasons for the excursions were easily pinpointed and were attributable solely to poor work practices. The nix buggies and weigh scales are provided with exhaust ventilation at the Salisbury plant which appears to be containing effectively airborne asbestos levels, at least to the 2 fiber level. It is suggestec that FPG-finchester inspect tba mix buggy enclosures at Salisbury and consider- adopting some cr all of their principles of asbestos containment. There appears to be no clear pattern of asbestos exposure ns it relates to the type of mix being used at the individual work station. Careless work habits end/or excessive scatter ing of the nix can be assumed to be a factor, but there are no pronounced variations except for airborne lead levels within the survey data to support this contention. The operator at . blok preform No. 5 was selected for sampling because c-f the presence of asbestos calx on floors, equipment, end clothing, end excessive duct generation curing scooping and weighing. The levels during three different sampling periods were 8.74 fibers/ral, 3.01 fibers/ml, and 5.19 fibers/ml. These values do not vary significantly from those encountered at more fastidious blok preform operations. This lack of effect of parsonal variables tends to further indicate that the source of excessive asbestos exposure is common in origin- Remain ing, heavy sources of exposure at both book and blok preform are the mix buggies and tha manual operations associated there with. In relation to tho airborne lead results in Appendix No. 2, excursions above the 0.15 agAJ.^ Threshold Limit Value uera confined to two locations in Blok Preform. One of the loca tions was blok preform No. 5 (cample No. 25) which, as pre viously stated, was selected for sampling because of excessive duct generation, and poor housekeeping conditions. This opera tor also worked at Blok Preform No. 3 during the morning hours (sample No. 10) where airborne lead levels were high (.135 rog/K^) but not above the Threshold Limit Value. It would be aaviscable to provide this operator with instructions as to proper work habits and the need for consistent good housekeeping. Throughout tho plant, it was observed that only a few people were waaring respirators. In known exposure areas, only one man was so equipped. This operator's respirator was not worn continuously during dusty operations, but was only worn when the operator himself felt that protection was warranted. I inspected the respirator after the operator had deposited it on a dusty ledge, and found It to bo dirty, and smudged both inside and out, and the filter was thoroughly caked with asbestos fibers and particulates. It Is imperative that a respiratory protection program be established in the plant whereby all exposed employees are provided with and required to wear approved, properly main tained respiratory protection. This recommendation has been sot forth in several previous reports. Although respirators are provided on a voluntary basis within tho plant, this is not sufficient since virtually all of the exposed employees remain unprotected. To have any positive or lasting effects the program must be implemented cn a mandatory basic. In addition, tho employees should be thoroughly instructed in the use of the equipment, and a central maintenance program should be established. Maintenance is on leper tent phnee of any control procedure, and is an true for respirators os it is for ventilation equip- rivent. No matter how well a rosplrator is designed, hew good it3 performance, it cannot give satisfactory protection unless it is maintained In good condition. This is one of the most frequently neglected factors, particularly with routinely used respirators. The operations of a maintenance program, including frequent inspections, cleaning, replacing, or re pairing worn or deteriorated parts, and storage, should be centralized. They should also be supervised carefully by a responsible and capable person since proper care and maintenance requires a thorough knowledge of the devices. All routinely used respirators should `>s inspected frequently. The tightness of connections should be checked, as well as the condition of the facepiece, exhalation and Inhalation valves, connecting tubes and/or cartridges, and cannisters. Respirators should be cleaned after each use, and they should be collected at a central point at the end of each shift for cleaning end inspection. Each employee's respirator should bear some sort of identification, such as his initials or clock number. When, a worker receives a respirator, he should be briefed on the cleaning procedure and assured that he will always get the same device. If the respirators are serviced between shifts, only one respirator per worker is needed. If the cleaning is done during a shift, each worker will require two respirators. Ifhen not in use, the respirators should be storod in clean cabinets at convenient locations in the work area. As long as each respirator is assigned to only one person, there is no reason to require special sterilizing. Scrubbing with warm w3ter and soap, rinsing, and air drying is adequate. When the respirator is used by only one indivi dual, a practical method of cleaning is as followst ' 1. Remove the filter or cartridge and discard. o 2. Wash in detergent or soap in warm water. 3. Rin3C cccpletelv in clean, warm water. 4. Air dry the device in a clean area. .5 Inspect the valves, beadstraps, and other parts; replace with new parts if defective. 6. Insert new filters or cartridges; make sure the seal is tight. 7. Place in a plastic bag for storage*. After cleaning, inspection, and necessary repair, the respira tors should be stored in du3tproof containers, away from sun light, heat, cxtreicold, and excessive moisture. Plastic ' bags axe adequate for routinely used respirators. 'They should not be stored in clothes lockers or tool boxes. Care should be taken to see that they arc packed or stored so that the rubber facepiece and exhalation valve will rest in a normal position and function will not be impaired by the rubber set ring in a bent or twisted position. CCNCLUSIOMS Housekeeping had been improved at several locations through out the plant, particularly in Lower and Upper Compounding. Further improvement is needed in Blok and Book Preform. Significant asbestos exposures are limited to two departments where design and installation of exhaust equipment are under way. Efforts should be concentrated on ventilating mix buggies and ancillary manual operations in both Ecok and Elck Preform. Interim protection in the form of respirators should be provided for the operators, use of the devices should be a condition of employment in these two areas. Isolated asbestos exposures at Disc Erake Inspection and the dry line operation in Lower Compounding require engineering control. Interim protection in the form of respirators should be provided for the operators. I would like to thank 5ob Erown and Charles Mallory for their con s icier a ti on and support during the course of the survey. G/30/76 ABEX CORPORATION industrial hygiene survey GLOSSARY cfm cubic feet per minute Daily noise dose - A numerical expression of the total noise exposure an employee receives during the day. If the daily noise dose exceeds 1.00, the noise exposure to the employee is excessive. dBA - Decibels symbol denoting the relative intensity of sound pressure levels (re: 0.0002 iyne/square centi meter) . f pm - feet per minute GRA - General Room Atmosphere mg/M^ - milligrams per cubic meter of air MS# - Medical Study No. ' >pcf - million particles per cubic foot of air NIOSH approved - Approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health OBZ ppm Operator's Breathing Zone parts per million by volume PS Personal Sample TLV Ventilation- - Threshold Limit Value for an 8 hour daily exposure I - The terms ventilated,^ventilating, or exhaust impl^ the use of mechanical means such as a fan for air movement unless otherwise noted. ' CONVERSION CHART DAILY NOISE DOSE/8 HOUR EXPOSURE TO dBA/8 HOUR EXPOSURE Daily Noise Dose/8 hr. dBA/8 hr . 0.50 85 ' 1.00-fOSHA MAX. LIMIT--------> 90 1.14 91 1.33 92 1.50 93 . 1.71 94 2.00 95 2.28 96 2.67 2.99 97 98 : 3.43 .. 99 . 4.00 100 4.57 101 5.33 102 6.01 103 6.83 104 8.00 * 105 8.88. 106 - 10.00 107 11.42 . 108 . 13.33 16.00 109 110 17.17 20.00 111 112 22.85 113 26.66" 114 32.00 115 ` ` ' Permissible Employee Work Exposure Time 16 hours 8 hours 7 hours ' 6 hours 5.33 hours 4.67 hours 4 hours 3h hours 3 hours 2.67 hours 2.33 hours .. ; 2 hours 1.75 hours 1.50 hours 1.33 hours 1.17 hours 1.00 hours -- 0-.-90: hours0.80 hours 0.70 hours 0.60 hours 0.50 hours 0.45 hours ' 0.40 hours 0.35 hours 0.30'hours / Le s s th an 0.25 lo n c j tJ o Xc a CM I r- > CM 3 Xo m M r-t r* 2 'n. O Q W N Q> VI --4 S gJ &o -4 GJ .. 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O Zj 2 a: oX X H -A aE t e Q VI r-4 Q in 04 in <0 So' z X OX i--4 -4 aE rn z - O i--4 G -P U o --> Eh < cn < Cl O oo cn cn C3 O CM p a o o o o cn o o o * 3 t= (3 fcj sE a S a E a E 5 rn a o vn tn Q n co m a o in ** v * in * vn ~ o - o - o o i--l cc i--i Cl --l CO sSEe co GJ O GJ o -c < O -c* O *# M oooo r-4 rH r--t r--4 o CJ P X o G Q D O 03 in CTi O sO' o OOo *d* o c3 ra c= o S a e c E r3 E o G (Z c G r- r~ i-4 O o m O o CD o < 1-1 ny CM CD CM VO m in i M * ** m oooo ooO Ooo i--I r--I 1--4 r--f rH i--I > i-j E- u_ C ci w C! C X i cn ^ a, id J 3 m r-~ n~ o 04 w LT> s H -u Q o -rl Cd CO w *J I sX a wt 04 04 CO cn O *-- >< w> < i-J Q c e: o 04 c Oc o a H u a a *--( W rH V4 O 4J a t~4 -4 jj o SCJ G o 3 lg3 > (3 a 4-> VC c a Q y-4 4- a C4 ^4 3r-- CV 3u a3 >P 0 i a c ** 3 0 3 CT a 0 r-4 VI jQfi rH ,r0+ 0 -4 H a ? 0 o 22 cv y a a X <2 N* Q H *r( H 3 aj 0 CO v3 H 4 C O iH 0 < >. c 3 H r-*4 H n 5ra 3 c d C o n c e n tra tio n in excess o f TLV. ?! g CD CN 14 * ten CD CO CN 44 * dm o in * 0 m * O 0 * H or 10 4 + rf u cm c: H m* o f-4 LO 3o id ao cn or ir 10 --4 H 0 in iA 04 o APPENDIX . I PPG W IN C H E S T E R .- ANALYSES OF A IR SAMPLES POR. 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CO n vrv -- vn on cn m r-lo O - O - o - o * O " c t--i I--I rH r-4 OI r-l 04 H Oi Oi H Oi >--I oi r-i OI -d OI r-l r--I Oi H H > a u-i O ra ra < \ CJ Jr> OI n3 r> \ u ra u 3 u ? ? ? ?CD CD 9 uCD I o CJ & ?? ??? s.5 a 8 O C3 Qc Q2 CO LO vO CD LO O o r-f vo VO oo OI vO vO m o o o m VO vO . vO vo l T O' VO lO CO VO l "> CD o in O .u id i--4 -< --l S3 CJ C-l Cd o| VO O' a CD a ra Oi Oi OI Oi o oi d d d + vn n o d O' d c o o a r r\ ' JS. iv'J rc-crii Keister. s..oi.i- no* oe inu-ole a, Regional or Area OSHA offices. Tins revision con tains amendments through September 22. 1972 and covers.the many changes and corrections of typogra phical errors since Part 1910 was published on May 29. 1972. The revised Part 1910 contains an index for 29 CFR 1910 Occupational Safety and Health Stand ards. Free single copies should be available now at OSHA's 72 field officeT abated the violations. c t.,^ of . such a minor nature that no penalty was vurrVmel. Review Commission Judge Allen M Wiemw, to whom the case was assigned, sustained the pcr.il;>' proposals because, he ruled, nsk of injury by falling, fire, or electrical shock was a very real possioil.ry (OSAHRC Docket No. 591). Those interested in an OSHA Subscription Ser vice in five volumes (volumes also available individual ly) providing all the standards, interpretations, regula tions, and procedures starting in 1973 can get applica tions at OSHA field offices. OSIl \ i> developing a I0l>-hoiir lioinc sliivly conne .uiur.l al "leeoguilion. avoui.iuee. .nui prewnuon ol i iMiie atnl tmluMllhy working conditions" to be j'aiiuble in the spring of 1973 ... for details, write Office of Training and Education, dccupational Safety and Health Administration, 400 First Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20210. OSAHRC ... it wisely considers potential harm to both employees and employers The gravity of a job safety violation in terms of its potential harm to employees must be considered in assessing monetary penalties even in non-serious cases. The three-man Review Commission, in unani mously affirming the decision of one of its judges, stated that " . . .the assessment of small monetary penalties fir non-serious violations having the level of gravity cf the violations found in this case effec tuates the purpose of the Act. Penalties of this caliber iunv to remind alt employers that their primary responsibility under the Act Is adherence to its prttteetive mechanisms. Failure to Impose [tenuities re lating i,t violations with higher levels of gravity serve oulv to restrain the Act's effective operation and and hinder its Junction to reduce hazards of the work place for all employees. " OSHA had cited the Ilydroswift Corporation of Salt Lake City for alleged violations found during a job safety inspection. These were failure to provide r.tilings for stairways and open mezzanines for storage of acetone in open containers, for failure to keep fire sprinkler heads free from deposits, and for nine in ti lit. n| liiihin- In iMHMllil 'Hi** I**' ilitl ilM |iii|itt> *))>' |i.>nnllie |im lliC hi other nnn-serious violations. The company ed that, while it was in violation of al) the stand- sted on the Labor Department citation, it had In the case of one employer, the Rcvicv, Com mission ruled that the size of the business and its poo: financial condition were of overriding importance Review Commission Judge Joseph L. Chalk had already dismissed a proposed penalty of SI 65 against Colonial Craft Reproductions Inc. on the basis of previous Review Commission decisions regarding the value of relatively minor penalties in obtaining com pliance with the Act. Speaking for the majority, Commissioner Alar. I:. Burch staled that the Commission dis.iercul w.n, Judge Chalk's conclusions that the case fed ti.t.ruy within previous Review Commission decisions con cerning the ineffectiveness of minimum penalties in stead, Commissioner Burch noted thav the Res.ew Commission is charged with using four enter.a ir. assessing penalties under the Act: the siff- of t.ic business, the gravity of the violation, the good f,i.. of the company, and its previous history of safety violations. "We believe that in assessing civil pcnalncs . . . occasion will arise when, despite the high gruviiy of the violation, overriding consideration muu he given to these modifying factors in order to best effectuate the purpose of the Act. The Commission views this case as an appropriate one in which t<> gn e the modifying factors such consideration. " Tne Com mission considered the size of the business anu us poor financial condition to be of overriding impor tance. (OSAHRC Docket No. 881). OSHA Recommends ASTM Consensus Standards Standards developed by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) arc now rceogm/ec as national consensus standards by the Occupation.,. Safety and Health Administration. To provide the basis of new Federal job safety and health regulations. OSHA initially adopted na tional consensus standards of two other nationally recognized organizations, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the National l ire Protection Association (NFPA). Assistant Secretary of Labor fieim-- < III-') , t I'.IIA'q tI . 4llil| ||<> Il),| 11* I l.l.l.l' .1 I * .ii.iiul.ii.It ".at1 ii'itltm.d mrorir.fr. M.mJ./iJ. .. ///<r the rncimmg of the WiUiums-Stcigcr Occupuiionui Safety and Health Act of 1970 .. . Therefore they may be promulgated as national safety standards. "