Document 4JJqwRqRaqXpo8D5agkN4xBLG

FILE NAME: US Government Contractor Regulations Including Shipyard Regulations (GCR) DATE: 1946 Apr DOC#: GCR017 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Guide for Warning Labels from the Manufacturing Chemists Association ' EXHIBIT J _ 3 ____ Manual L-l PART I MANUAL L--- A GUIDE FOR THE PREPARATION OF WARNING LABELS FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS Adopted ISIS Revised Aprf 1910 The development ot new chemical products and the introduction of chemical processes into ever-widening fields has accentuated the need for furnishing appropriate information in those eases where special precautions are necessary- Many chemicals present no hazards in normal handling and storage and for these products no precautionary labels are pofocgai-y----- -- ------------- ------- The education of employees regarding chemical hazards is, and must remain, the tlirect .tespon- Mhility o f their employers. However, such hazards are not confined to employees alone, and {for mation concerning them should, so far as practicable, reach every person using, tmnssptrting, or ,storing,c,bemteaLs. The most practical means for the seller to disseminate this information appears to be fey labels affixed to ctntaipers of hazardous chemicals,, bearing appropriate precautionary statements and instructions stated as imply and briefly as circumstances permit. * _ In the interest of uniformity and more adequate labeling of chemical products, the Manufac turing Chemists' Association has prepared this Manual for the benefit and guidance of its members, A series of definitions is included in Schedule 1 in order that the terms used may be clearly under-' stood. In addition to the general recommendations contained herein, the MCA has prepared sug gested labels for specific products. These have been printed as Manual L-2, which will bo supple mented from time to time as additional recommended labels are developed. A precautionary kb$i does not take the place of safety equipment such as suitable goggles, airline respirators, gas masks, clothing, shoes, etc, < _ Individual statutes, regulations or ordinances may require that particular information be included on a label or that a specific label be affixed'to a container. In .sob pa##* the requirements of these laws should also be .studied. The icdrwiw !ahm m m ented'w 'Hm M m m t gfestM be used in addition to, ,qr ** mmMmtmrn with* M y fd&rf mqmred % I?,*1 . * Fdrai statutes include; ' . ' fntefitate Cati*t*rc# :C#liwlssiiTSegulatinns for Trnnsnortntion of Explosives and Other Dangerous Articles: Supi. of Documents. Govt. Printing Office. Washington, 1>. C, Federal, Pewit Act and regulations: Food and Drug Administration, Federal Security Agency, Washittgttft, 6. C Fedtewt faseetkMe Aet of IStft and regulation: Agricultural litaikcting Administration. U. S. Department of AgHteirfttire, Washington, DL"C, Fedtefsl. Fa, Drug and Cwcsetw. Aet and regulations: Food and Drug Administration, Federal Security A g en cy , W ^ h i n g t o i i , D. C, Wei*fF'ftatatft* of 4he 4&States apd the District of Columbia include Caustic Acid. Pharmacy, Poison, and Insecticide Acts. " I Manual L-I M jfm uounnt; V hrm nif rttjociion at ilir United S u m GENERAL PRINCIPLES In the lax-panitieii of any pmautiomtry label the following principles should first be eon siilered; 1) Each chenucal product (including mixtures) presents a distinct problem and must be treated uidit ulually, in the light of its own characteristics. . Extreme care should be exercised in the choice of terminology. Statements should be brief ami simple. * 3) On labels for different products, uniformity in language to indicate the same hazards is most desirable in order to gain greater understanding through standardization. 4) Precautionary statements must be accurate, selectively chosen, and expressed In clearly dellned terms. To be effective tliev should be used only when and to the extent necessary. Labeling of a relatively harmless product so as to indicate that it is hazard ous, as well us the failure to give adequate notice of a hazard, will develop a disregard " for labels and defeat their purpose. For example, if the word "POISON" is to retain its usefulness on a label, it should be applied exclusively to those products ( i) which are poisons according to a definite toxicity standard*, or (2) with which it is associated through common usage, or (3) for which its ue is prescribed by law. in all other cases the relative degree of the h ard can be .better indicated by the use of signal words such as; "DANGER" to cover extremely serious hazards; "WARNING" to cover less serious hazards; and "CAUTION" to cover minor hazards, together with a descriptive statement of the hazard. 5) Chemical names should be those recommended by the American Chemical Society. 6) The use of a non-descriptive code designation or trade name as the only identilication of a hazardous chemical should be avoided. If for any reason, it is undesirable to show the chemical siame, or if the chemical name is so complex as to be meaningless- except to the trained chemist, the label should slate the type of chemical, e.g., "corpostve acid," "lead compound." 7) The following subject matter should be considered for inclusion on a precautionary label'; " ' 1. Chemical name 2. "Signal word" (DANGER-WARNING-CAUTION) designating degree of hazard (Column A, Schedule 3) 3. Affirmative statement of "hazard" (Column B, Schedule 3) 4. "Precautionary measures" covering actions to be followed or avoided (Column C, Schedule 3) 1 5. "lustruetions in ease of accident," whore advisable (Column D, Schedule 3) 8) Warning labels should be printed in easily legible type, which is in contrast by typog raphy, layout, or color with any other printed matter on the label and should be placed conspicuously on containers. Legibility may be preserved with a suitable protective coating, . * To provide a practical working Mandard for labelinir purposes " POISON*1 is defined in Schedule 1 ot` this Manual to include only chemicals capable of oui-diij; acute effects by ingestion ami inhalation, the pim cipal modes of entry into the body. This definition excludes chemicals capable of canning injuries as u result of sum absorption or of chrome exposure by inhalation, because the variable actions and effects of chemical with thee characteristics preclude u practical m eans Of measuring: their hazards. 2 Maftuiiiiitf'ric <hfromV A*^>ruiinn ,,1 th<r t'fmfd Suic\ PREPARATION OF PRECAUTIONARY LABELS Manual L-t The basic considerations in the preparation of a precautionary label for am* chemical product (including mixtures) are: ` 1) Determination of the hazards present in the particular chemicaLproduci 2) Selection of appropriate statements for each significant hazard inherent in the product. 3) Arrangement of statements in the order of emphasis desired. The most frequently encountered hazards have been classified by the MCA into 10 types *as ' listed in Schedule 2. Set opposite each class are statements illustrating characteristic precautions usually required for that type of hazard. Many chemical products will have more than one tvpo of hazard, in which case appropriate statements for each significant type should be included on the label. Most chemical products con tain impurities. When these are present in harmful quantities, appropriate warnings and precau tionary measures should be included on the labels. ' As each chemical product must he treated individually, there will be manv instances in which the illustrative statements will not be applicable either because they do not accurately express the degree of hazard or because they fail to cover the particular characteristics. In such eases, suitable statements should be selected from Schedule 3, This Schedule presents a more comprehensive list of statements arranged in columnar form, and grouped as follows: A Signal Word B Hazards C Precautionary , Measures D Instruction* in Case of Accident Column A--The degree of hazard can be expressed only in relative terms. The purpose is two-fold; to indicate to the reader the comparative seriousness of the danger involved in handling a given product and to call attention to the precautionary instructions which should immediately follow. The "signal words" recommended are, in the order of dimin ishing severity of hazard, (1) DANGER: (2) WARNING: (3) CAUTION. Example: WARNING! Column B-- From this column should be selected the phrase (or phrases) that most accu rately describes the principal hazard. This is placed on the same line as the "signal word." Example: WARNING! FLAMMABLE If other significant hazards are present, they should be tabulated under the principal haz.ard. Column C--The appropriate statement of "precautionary measures" should lie chosen from Column C and should follow on subsequent lines. . , Example: WARNING! FLAMMABLE Keep away from heat and open (lame. Keep container closed. Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor. Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin. 3 Manual L-l M aw ifjgutm g O ic rm x i' A w iiiin u n <jt the Urutrd S tu n Column D-- When it t.s advisable to include instructions in case of accident, the appropriate stHLcments may be selected from this colum n. Instructions in case of accident to indi viduals arc valuable but should be limited to recognized first aid procedures based upon simple methods ami commonly available materials. Instructions for .strictly medical treat ment should be omitted except when specifically required by law. Because of the serious and lasting effects that may result Iroin eye injuries, a recommendation to obtain medical attention .should accompany any specific instruction directed to the treatment of the eves. If the statements t i um Schedule .1 fail to meet the exact needs, they should be modified to suit." In the cxmnple shown, toluene, no phrase from this column appears to Le necessary. While every compound curries some hazard, if improperly tised.Tnslmprartical to cover every possible contingency on a label. Efforts should be directed toward naming the serious hazards, and warning against such abuses and accidents as are likely to be encountered under normal con ditions. There are scarcely any means of measuring in absolute terms the relative seriousness of hazards, and the recommendations in Schedule 3 only contemplate their division into two or three degrees of intensity. It follows that of two comiwunds one may be less hazardous than the other and yet may curry the same warnings and cautions. Instructions tor handling and storage of containers should be included where conditions indi cate their need. These instructions should take into consideration both the characteristics of the chemical product and the limitations of the type or types of container in which it is packed. Schedule d presents suggested labels for samples of experimental products for which full data regarding hazards are not yet known. Schedule 5 illustrates the application of caution statements to three specific products. In the case of toluene, lhe statements used are similar to those given in Schedule 2 for a compound ur mix tuie having hazards in classifications TTI and IV. fhe second example, aqueous hydrofluoric acid, ri'pre.wnts af very .special case where the particular hazards require modification of the stand ard statements. The third example is that of a label for a proprietary compound or mixture. 4 M jm iifi,luring Chcrni'm' A * f,l ,h t V n ,, t J S,j,r< Schedule 1 DEFINITIONS M am in! L-l F)amu,hle i ; v ,u? > Aninflamniab)e 1 liquid 15 any liquid which gives*WTnflnmmable vapor, (a. determined by flash point from Taglmbue's open^up tester, as used for test of burning oils) at or below a temperature of 80 F. . s Extremely Ffovntmbfo Liquid ---An extremely flammable liquid is s liquid which give, off flam ma de vapors (as determined by flash point from Tagliabues open-cup tester, as used for test of burning oils) at or below a temperature of 20'' F, C W i.f r r ( P h y s io lo g ic a l) -- A corrosive is an agent which in contact with livinjr tissue will cause more or less severe destruction of tissue by chemical action. I r n U n t t (Physioloyncal)--An irritant is an agent which in contact with Jiving tissue will induce either immediately or after prolonged or repeated contact a more or less severe local tissue reaction not leading directly to destruction of tissue. ' ' ScHxiticrr - (Physiological)-- A _sensitizer is a material which us ordinariiv handled does not necessarily cause any discernible reaction in living Iissue but which after initial or re peated contact with the tissue of some individuals may. at a later date, produce a prompt inflammatory reaction on contact, even in minute amounts, with the tissue of the same mdivKuinb. />*&*.--Solid particles generated by *1*0?* rasha*, grinding, rapid impact detemstwm and decrepitation of organic or inorganic m te m ts suefr a* r l , ore, metal, coal wood gram, etc. Ernsts do n<4 tend to flocculate except under etertrostatfc forces; thev`drt not diffuse m air hot settle* tmrfer the inffueace of gravity. " Fuwr., =--Soiid particles generated by condensation from flu- gaseous state, general]v after vohtili ration from molten metals, etc., and often accompanied by a chemical miction such as oxidation. Fumes flocculate and sometimes coalesce. ' '' Mints --.Suspended liquid droplets generated by condensation from the gaseous to the liquid state Som iziZ g ^ UP " ' mt0 a di-`5pf'rfiCd State- nKh as b>- splashing, foaming, and Go-sa-.h Normally termless fluids which occupy the space of enclosure and which can be changed fcrnm w ateri0 Gases m L T V th<*comb,nc(1 <,ffect nf increased pressure and decreased V o / i o r s T h e gaseous term of substances which arc normally in the solid or liquid slate anti which can be changed to these states either by increasing the pressure or decreasing the the temperature alone. Vapors difTuse. * ril "K inft r,,iS0)l-" Poison means a substance which, when'taken by mouth in amounts of 60 grains (4 grams) or less, or when inhaled m concentrations of loss than 200 parts per million !>v nrnc ibc *ir*'/te'dly (within a or 10 minutes) jeopardizes life bv other than mechani cal or physical action. " Note: This definition of "Poison ` ;s Imsed on practical considerations nnlv, as nu aid in detcrmininc. generally, when the wont "Poison " should Ur included on a warning lahel. Sec General Principles 4. , , - Mi.rhn-r ---A pliv.iVa! commingling of two or more substances which mav or mav not bear a fixed proportion to one another and which have not reacted chemically with orw another. thisVfti'tu'a!*'0" ' W,' i,e ihC lCrm '* ,,<`,d by the ff'C. the r ' r f e . r c d Tern, "flammable" is used in -MCA definition, '' ' As defined in C h ap ter I t "E m rinrering Control of the Air Coninminntinn of the Worlrinc Environment" fAilen ft. Hiait.lt, n.Se.) pose Ifig, "M anual of fndustr.al Hygiene." USPtlS. (Allen Manual L-l | Miitu/iauting ( hcmun Asuxituun i j <hs Unncd Suit Schedule 2 CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDS Ciu&& Typical Label 1. Flammable Liquids and Oxidizing Agents which Support Combustion. (Flash points ' for liquids are determined by Tagliabue's Opep-Cup Method), , A. Flash point 20* F, or below. B. Flash [joint above 2tr' to 80 F. in clusive. DANGER! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE .Keep away from heat and open flame. Keep container closed. WARNING! FLAMMABLE. Keep away from heat and open (lame Keep container closed. 11. Flammable Solids and Oxidizing Agents as Classified by the JOC. CAUTION! EXPOSURE MAY CAUSE FIRE OR CREATE FIRE HAZARD Keep away from heat and open flame. Keep container closed. In case of contact, immediately flush with plenty of water; remove and wash clothing before re-use. III. Vapors Immediately Toxic or Extremely Irritating Even on Exposure for u'Short Time or to Low Concentrations. , DANGER! VAPOR EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS Do not breathe vapor. Do not get on skin. ' Do not get in eyes. Keep container closed and away from heat. ' Keep away from feed or food products. Have air line respirator or gas mask ap proved by U. S, Bureau of Mines specifi cally for (name of chemical) available for emergency. IV. Vapors Hazardous from Prolonged or Repeated Exposures, or Exposure to Higher Concentrations. WARNING! VAPOR HARMFUL Use only with adequate ventilation. Avoid prolonged or repeated breathing of vapor. * Keep container closed am! away from heat, j Mulinai L-l u. Sii* (tal \Vfds M inul-iaunny U t u m ili A w xuiion (he U nitl Soun Schedule A KKt'A)MMI'jN1)iii LA BIX C .U ftlO N S li. iiazurdsi C. | I'rtcauiuutary Measures 1>. ... 1 . a, Extremely I'Tummahh' iiiasli pohit 'ill- F. or below } b. Flammable point above 'dU to W F. inclu sive | . . e. Exposure Mov Cause Fite Flammability a. Keep a w a y f r o m heat (sparks! and open llame, h. Keep container closed (and away irom hcatj. Volatili! y ' a. RANCEU *. w a i i m m .: e CAL'TION! a. 1lie hie Volarle. b. Volante (Solvent or 1,hid id |. a- Keep **ui of #ihi and av\ay rVoi bent h. KiiCp container do&uti (iiiul uwav from heal). IfclitoR a. Vapor Extrem ely a. Do not lirenthc vapor for) H usk*id a t a . . Avoid breath mu vapor. b. Mskj1 be Pai! if twiatoIfik. Avoid prolonged or roueat- t. Vapor tluMitful. eds breathidB of vapor, U. i apvi Ueuuccs O x y g e n e. (only w ait uck-i|Uato Available for Breathing. vent itati- , , *. H arm ful litist. _ il. Avoid prrfonged b reath in g f. Cauae I r m a l u m 1 ty e s . of dust. i a. Con move Lipoid. b. Causes Soveiei Burns. t, Uangeious Because (Rap- oily) Absorbed Through Skin. (1. Causes Skin licitatimi, e. May Cause Skin Iiritutioo. Contact a. Do not get (1) in eyes, (d) on skm. (.1) oil clothing. b. Avoid contiK't with (1) eves, <-) skin, (3i clothing. c. Wash thoroughly before eating or smoking. Ingestion a. In ease of exposure leinove l-n flesh stir. _ b. Have uiv-iiip* resipM-aM-r or g& tiiasfc appi lived by t i H. fibrewi p i Mines ta lly f a t (iniiive of rfestPi- caif aviiifahb for jfvHcy. ` ] u. In case of contaet: ( i j Immediately lUrdi (skin or oyusl ivitn plenty of w ater i fm* at least IS nunutes). (For eves, get med ical attention i. (o) Immediatelv wash with nap and plenty of water. (.1) Uvmovc itml wash rbithiog lieini'i- re-use. u. Poison (skull ii cross- . b o n e s \. t. Mac be Fatal if Swallowed a. Do not lime internally. Cenerai a. Strong Oxidant, h. with ('uiVihustihIc Mateiiul May f u m e Fuc. ii. Keep atvav from feed or food products. b. Keep .1i y c. S tore in cool place. d. K eep away from tumliua! Hide materials aa Get medicid yac>*tHn, h. In cu-^t* ol with pUmty or v n u r . c. In c.tst! o f sp i l l a g e , .ili.-tH b w i t h biniti, Uahk'K tH Cklth. The um: of hii\ uaiUiHjr e* otu-r stataituoi tUu-f a lia v o is (KH ii-cesarily lim ite d lo th h a z a r d um ici lui 11 il i uf h u lu n l to hit'll g iv e n (u u m e u ts m u si irc iii.e itiiy apply'- i`ouiKrU. T h e gcoufHliK Uii't e i y fistu`iitc ^ th e type* The -mail telici* aie not l .lieule t toireiatitm between .-initially lettered suuutucm* t adjacent c a lu n n ia b u t afe' le !' viieiU hculiO O eu i> . The laien ih etu jl wu.d imhcule optional statement*. Minu/afiurine ( A.wut.iVi of (liir f <nm Schedule 4 TAREES FOR EXPERIMENTAL SAMPLES Manna! l.-l The labeling of experimental samples of new products presents unusual problems. All of the properties or possible uses of a product are seldom known. The following safeguards arc therefore recommended: _ 1. Samples of a product already on the market should carry the same warning label ns a commercial shipment. 2. The folio u ing label is suggested for samples of any material that has never been in commer cial production unless ( t ) the material is known to he wholly innocuous, or (2) the dangers arc limited to known hazards and appropriate cautions arc submitted. SAMPLE Name or Description of Product FOR EXPERIMENTAL USE ONLY CAUTION! The chemical, physical and toxicological properties of this product have not been fully investigated and its handling or use may be hazardous. Exercise due care. fl. The identity of the sample, indicated in parentheses above, should bo as clear as possible. Wherever feasible.'it should be the name of the compound or mixture, and in any case it should be the best possible identification to aid the user in knowing with what he is concerned. 4. Where there are significant known hazards they should be so indicated. f>. The abo\e label may be used in the case of old products being considered for new uses. Schedule 5 SPECIMEN PRODUCT LAT1ELS The following specimen labels illustrate the application to specific products of. the principles set forth in this Manual: Product Combining I[;i7:mh <>f Class L it and IV (Schedule 2) Chemicals. TOLUENE WARN!NG! FLAIMMARLE. Keep away from heat and open flame. Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor. Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin. Muuu.il i.-l i ittrri.ui AiiOcuuuu it/ U,e lln.tcti Suita i Product Requiring, Modified Cautions and First Aid.' iivniioruJouK ; acid, aqueous DANGER! CORROSIVE LIQUID VAPOR HAZARDOUS CAUSES SEVERE BURNS WHICH MAY NOT BE IMMEDIATELY PAINFUL OR VtSlIJLE Do not breathe vapor. Do not get in eyes, on skin, on clothing. In case of contact or suspicion of contact: Iminediatdv (lush skin with plenty of water until whiteness _disapnears, paving particular attention to skin under nails, boak affected areas with crushed ice in 70',. ethyl alcohol until physician arrives Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. In all cases get medical attention. Remove and wash clothing, before re-use. Avoid use of greasy ointments. Proprietary Product (e.g., containing ituorinc salts) (PROPRIETARY NAME) Contains Fluorine Compounds. WARNING! POISONOUS IE TAKEN INTERNALLY Avoid breathing dust, Flush spillage to sewer with water. `to t