Document 4JGzEyaNgw086Mz5B5r8G4J51

H8B -0008r I O. CAl .<'***?'* -*<,*y* HMBB-0008038 Air Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc. 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. April 22, 1939. REFERENCES TO RECENT LITERATURE ON INDUSTRIAL DISEASES (A) News Items 258 RECENT COURT DECISION IN OHIO. The Supreme Court of Ohio Tendered a decision on March 22, 1939, which la im portant with respect to common law recovery for occupational diaaaae. Ohio has always been one of the few states in which the courts htff# held that there was no common law right to recover for occupational disease. jtrglra of lawyer* in Marion, Ohio, has, over a period of years, filed numerous actions seem to recover for silicosis and pneumoconiosis. They uniformly failed* Muy. these cases were carried to the Supreme Court of Ohio add several made by them to get into the Supremo Court of the United States., they made an application in the Supreme Court of Ohio for a cases, to-wit, Triff v. National Bronze k, Aluminum Foundry Co., and SBtfS'Y* Loud d.b.a. Marion Brass & Bronze Foundry, and the Court granted the qpilostion for the rehearing. The cases were reargued in the Hnpr-- Court on January 17th. The employers of Ohio, acting through the Ohio Manufacturers deep elation, _ intervened, participated In the argument, and filed an elaborate brief. By a four to three decision, the Court on March.22nd rendered final decision la both cases specifically overruling former decision of the Court and. holding that there is a common law right to recover in Ohio for occupatloial diaaaae. The ef fect of the decision with respect to silicosis is somewhat limited in wee of the fact that silicosis has been compensable since the adoption of the raenteent to the Ohio Occupational Disease Act, which amendment became effective July 31, 1937. 259 TOWARD CONTROL OF SILICOSIS IN CALIFORNIA. Labor Standards, 8, 24, (Feb. 1939). About three years ago silicosis claims were being filed in large numbers, some times as many as 50 a month, but this numbvhas gradually beam reduced and la now about 3 per month, on the average. It is thought that the reduction has been the result of extensive preventive operations carried on during the past * 15 years. 260 ORGANIZED LABOR ON INDUSTRIAL HEALTH. Labor Standards, Z, 24, <Feb*, 1909). Attention is called to an editorial in the January issue of the BttMleen Federationalist which states the interest of labor in the promotion of Indus trial hygiene. The editorial asserts that technical inforaotion now exists that would protect workers and that it can be put to service through those govern mental agencies charged with promoting the welfare of labor* 03117932 HU8B-00B80 References to Recent Literature - 2. (B) Papers on Dust, Dust Diseases and General Industrial Hygiene. 261 SILICOSIS-CASH REPORTS. M. Conrozier and J. Uagnin. 114-20, (March, 1939). Industrial Medicine, 8, ~ This article, a short notice of which appeared in our January, 1939 Abstracts (No. 16), has been translated from the French is is reproduced in part in Indus trial Medicine for March, 1939. Some of the case-histories of the original paper are presented together with x-ray reproductions. The article, as translat ed, makes interesting reading inasmuch as it is necessary for the authors, in their presentation, to prove to French physicians that silicosis is a separate disease entity, 262 VENTILATION IN THE GRANITE INDUSTRY. E.C.J. Urban. Journal Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 21, 57-66, (March, 1939). This article describes the dust control methods in the granite industry in Vermont. The two most dusty operations are drilling at the pit and finishing in the shops. Without local exhaust each operation develops concentrations far above a safe limit, set at 10 million particles per cubic foot. The most cannon pit drill is the leyner drill, a long horizontal bar along which a vertical pneumatic drill is moved, drilling holes every 3.5 inches around the sides of the block. The exhaust on this drill consists of a specially designed hood built around the drill rod, exhausting 400 cu. ft. of air per min. Portable exhaust units consisting of hood, hose, box for dust-separating screens or bags, Aaust fan and motor, ere available and in common use. In the finishing shops, special ly designed hoods on flexible rubber hose are supplied for each macbins* Photo graphs and sketches are included with the article to aid in the descriptions. Proper operation of the available equipment will reduce the operators* dust ex posures to far below the accepted standard of 10 m.p.p.c.f*.Included also are the approximate costs of the equijment. 263 PREVENTION 0? SILICOSIS IN SANDBLASTERS. H. Sauerteig. Zbl. f. Gewarbehyg., 25, 297-305 (1938) (German). The article describes the uew regulations for combatting silicosis by the Asso ciation of German Iron and Steel Trade Groups, which were published to go into effect in August, 1938. Following the regulations, the results of the examina tion of 4916 sandblasters is given, 1220 of whom (24.6$) were forbidden further work because their x-rays showed light to severe silicosis. The article also describes the various types of sandblasting, and the necessary technical pre ventive measures, including many illustrations. Included also is a description s of the use of steel shot. Regarding the men employed, all must be over 21, must pass a pre-employment examination and a subsequent examination after two years. No worker shall be employed as a sandblaster more than two years, after which time he must do non-dusty work for another two years. He may then return to sandblasting, after another examination. The examinations are to be given by physicians authorized by the Association. 264 ASBESTOSES1. R.R. Sayers and W.G, Dreessen. American Journal Public Health, 29, 205-14, (March, 1939). Read before the Industrial Hygiene Section at the American Public Health Association Meeting, Kansas City, Mo., October 28, 193ft This paper is a review of the material contained in U.S# Public Health Bulletin No. 241 (See Abstract 804, 1938). It describes an extensive survey made by the U.S. Public Health Service together with the North Carolina State Board of Health in the asbestos textile industries. Asbestosis, a comparatively modem disease, is caused by chrysotile, a hydrated magnesitm silicate containing no quartz. 03117933 'H8B-0b08040 References to Recent Literature - 3, Its uses have increased greatly during the past 20 years. According to the re suits of the surrey, cases of asbeetosis develop quite rapidly where exposure to the dust is over 5 million particles per cubic foot. No cases wore found where exposure was less than this figure and it has been accepted as a limit. Definite clinical and rocntgcncgrnphic evidences of asbostosis has been observ ed in exposed persons after' 5 to 10 years of work in exposures exceeding 5 n.p.p.c.f. 265 A STUDY OF ^UAHTZ-FUSING OPERATIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL OF FUMES. E.C. Riley and J.M. DallaValle. U.S. Public Health Report:, 34, 352-8, (March 3, 1939). No cases of cilicocis have been reported among fused quartz operators in the Unite*. Of-.toe, although evidences have boon found among these men in European countries. The very short hours of daily exposure may account for the lack of silicosis among then ig this country. Fused quartz is blown at tenpraturcs between 2700 find 3000 ?., at which temperatures it lias boon shown that the vap or pressure is quite high. The authors collected the fumes in regular impingors (two in scries), estimated the amount in solution by the method of King and Dol an. During operations they found from 116 to 341 micrograms per cubic foot, but it is impossible to correlate those findings because of the lack of other similar studios. Because of possible toxic offsets of tho fumes and the discomfort of the excessive heat, it is rocomendod that quartz fusing operations bo carried un under exhaust hoods. * 266 CENTRAL MINING -- RAND MINES GROUP. HEALTH DEPARTMENT REPORT FOR THE TUR 1937. A.J. Crenstein. Johannesburg, So. Africa. This report deals with the various activities of the Deportment, particularly with the health conditions of the native labor force employed in the gold mines of the Witwatcrsrond. The total mortality from all diseases for the year has reached the record low level of 6.82 per 1000 and mortality due to accidents _ was 1.97 per 1000. The principal disease is pnetmonia, the mortality rate for which v.'as 2.60 per 1000. Although the pneisaonia rate still remains high, a notable- improvement has been achieved when it is noted that the mortality rate for this disease in 1911 wa3 13.0 per 1000. An analysis, taking into account meteorological conditions, shows that the highest incidence of pnomaonia is during seasons of low temperature and high wind velocity. The incidance of pul monary tuberculosis has also been reduced notably. In 1915 tho rut was 12 per 1000, and in 1937 was 1.84 per 1000. At the same time tho mortality rate for the disease has dropped from 1.48 to 0.43. The Department maintains 11 hospitals, rescue training stations and supplies the workers with adequate, fully cooked . rations. 267 TUBERCULOSIS IN INDUSTRY. G.C. Ornstein and D. Ulmer. Quarterly Bulletin, Sea View Hospital, 4, 164-81, (January, 1939). The writors take exception to the generally accepted views as to the high in cidence of tuberculosis in industry. They roconsacnd caution in attributing an abnormal, incidence of tuberculosis to enviromiental factors in a particular industry when its labor is recruited from sections where the incidence of such infection is abnormally high. They do not subscribe to tho opinion that silicot ic subjects ere more susceptible to tuberculosis than others; they believe that error has arisen in mistaking the lesions due to silica for those of tuberculos is and find it impossible to diagnose tuberculosis in tho absence of demonstrabl- tubercle bacilli. They conclude that the present positive opinions are based only on vital statistics and not on autopsy statistics. This asstaption is in correct as there is in existence sufficient autopsy data upon which to base op inions. The relation of traisaa and exposure to obnoxious gases to tuberculosis is .also discussed in the paper. 03117934 KK6B-0u080<i1 References to Recent Literature - 4. 268 TUBERCULOSIS INCIDENCE IN PHILADELPHIA'S INDUSTRIES. Charles-Fraacis Long. Industrial Medicine, 13, 93-6, (March, 1939), A compilation of data from some of Philadelphia's industries shows the inci dence of tuberculosis in those industries to be better than that of the general Philadelphia population. The contribution of industrial medicine to the commun ity tuberculosis campaign lies in tho physical examinations of large employed groups with prompt reference of the tuberculous cases to the proper channels. Most large industries now have pro-employment and periodic examinations but suggestions are made for tho extension of this service to the smallor companies. Chest x-ray films should bo made a routine part of such examinations. The beneficant effect of plant sanitation is cited. 269 INDUSTRIAL ASPECTS OF THE REHABILITATION PROBLEM OF THE TUBERCULOUS. E.Hochhauser. Trans, of the Thirty-fourth Annual Meeting, National Tuberculosis As6ociation,B38. This paper is a study of the present practice in industry as to the re-employ ment of workers with pulmonary tuberculosis after treatment and arrest of tho disease. The author summarizes his conclusions based on 219 replies to a ques tionnaire sent out to plants in the United States and Canada. The best treatment from every point of view is to get the arrested cases back to work and the real object is not obtained until they are again gainfully employed. In tho cases reemployed tho loss of time compares favorably with that of other employees. Most companies will re-employ arrested cases, while about one-half of those answering the questionnaire would not accept thorn as new employees, largely because iof the character of the work at those plants. * 270 THE PRACTICAL USE OF RESPIRATORY FUNCTION TESTING BY MEANS 07 HISTAMINE* - Peter Muller. Deut, Tuberk.-Blatt. 12, 867-73, (1938) (German). ' Histamine causes (1) increased respiratory frequency through spastic contraction of the small bronchioles, (2) a decrease of vital capacity, through pulmonary statis and (3) a temporary shortening of the apnea. The effects occur in path ologically changed lungs, but not in healthy lungs. The changes produced by histamine parallel tho severity of the conditions effecting the respiratory - organs, and therefore the method is serviceable for testing respiratory function. Several cases of silicosis and silico-tuberculosis wore tested by using 1 mg. histamine (1 cc. Imido Roche) subcutaneously. Valuable information on the extent of pathological change can be obtained, and in silicosis cases it can bo of diagnostic value. 271 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES, PAST AND PRESENT, IN GERMANY. 7. Koelsch. Deutseh. Med. Wchnschr., 64, 1435-6, (1938) (German). A short survey is presented of the development of occupational disease in Ger many. In the "Iwein" of a minnesinger, Hartmann von der Aue, in 1204, the poor social conditions of women spinners and weavers are described. The first German article on industrial hygiene "Regarding Poisonous 7i*es and Vapors", was written in 1473 by Ulrich Eilenbogen, physician of the town of Augsburg. He mentions the exposure of goldsmiths to coal furies, load, mercury, and aqua fortii 272 MEDICAL RESEARCH AND REPORT! N OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES. REPRINTED 7R0M MAIN REPORT OF THE FACTORY INSPECTION FOR 1937.. 46 pp., Gravehage, (1938) (Gorman). Material regarding the prescribed examination of certain groups of workers is given together with reports of certain occupational diseases, as poisoning by benzene, carbon monoxide, lead, nicotine, and other substances. Of 248 sand blasters examined, 33 had definite silicosis, 12 were doubtful cases and 8 had silico-tuberculosis. 03117935 C''7) $ Q References to Recent Literature - 5. 273 THE DURATION OF INCAPACITATING SICKNESS. A.B. Walker. Journal Royal San. Inst., 59. 511-26, (January, 1939) (British). This paper, based on the returns of incapacitating sickness in the Insured pop ulation of Scotland, shows that such sickness has tended to rise. On the whole, there has been a rise in both sickness and disablement benefit payments from 1921 to 1933 but the rise has been proportionately greater in disablement bene fit. The average disability for the year 1935-6 was 12 days longer than the average for tho years 1930-5, and the increase was mainly due to an increase in chronic incapacities, i.o., incapacities of 1 year or more. 274 INDUSTRIAL DISEASES AND EFFORTS TO PREVENT THEM BY INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATIONS IN 1937. (FROM THEIR ANNUAL REPORT). Arbeitsschutz, pp. 330-8, (1938) (Geiman). The report presents material on the frequency of industrial diseases in certain industries. Altogether there were 13,566 cases reported and 1,267 compensated for the first time, with 164 fatal cases. Valuable individual reports on diseas es and protective measures are included in the second part. Researches on print ing dyes made without benzene and its homologs are important, but these dyes evidently give good results only if the edition printed is not too large. The discussion on the prevention of silicosis calls attention to tho fact that earn* industries are substituting artifical grinding stones for sandstone ones, *nd using steel shot in sandblasting in place of quartz sand, 275 DANGER OF DUST IN 03EHLAUSITZ FACTORIES MAKING FIRECLAY AND SILICA BRICKS.' R. Maassen and H.E. Buttner, Arch. f. Gewerbepath., 9_, 179-97 (1938) (German). The article reports the work done In two factories in*Silesia and the aamlnatlon of 508 workers of whom 91 showed silicosis with an additional 50 being doubtful oases. The authors 3tate that training is much more highly essential In making the diagnosis than ever before. The silica brick plsut employed 79 men and had been in operation 15 years; the fireclay plant employed1S1 men sad had operated 29 years. There happened to bo the same number of silicotics in each plant and from this the authors conclude that the silicosis hazard was about equal, a con clusion which does not seem reasonable. Dust hazards can only be evaluated by taking dust counts. 276 WHY NOT A DUST-FREE FOUNDRY? C, B. Gordy. Factory Management and Maintenance, 97, 79-80, (March, 1939). Description is given of an extensive dust and smoke control system In a large foundry which maintains dust free atmospheres in all locations. The system handles over a million cubic feet of air per minute and requires 13 men to oper. ate it over a three-shift period. The investment was made, not especially to gain a specific saving in operating costs, but to insure a clean working place for the employees. 277 RESEARCH ON THE CAUSE AND PREVENTION OF PNEUMONIA IN A FACTOJBT. K. Gundel and W. Heine. Arch. f. Gewerbepath., 248-68, (1938) (Gorman). Among 400-500 workers in a steel factory, there were 35 cases of pao\aonla, with 25 deaths, over a period of six and one-half years. Careful investigations of the chemical end physical causes wore made without results. In nearly every case the pneumonia developed from a cold or exposure to cold. In 18 of 30 cases it was shown that after working in an oven, the men washed up and than drove home on motorcycles. In other cases tho disease appeared shortly aftor the men re sumed work following a long period of unemployment. General hygienic rules for combating tho disease are suggosted. Such investigations are valuable, since the high incidence of pneumonia in certain industries is not 'unusual. 03117936 HhBB-000S0/<' c. V*?i References to Recent Literature * 6. 278 AN INDUSTRIAL HHJIENE CLINIC FOR IRON WORKERS. W. F. Gries. Mining and Metallurgy, 20, 205, (April, 1939). Preventive medicine is les3 costly than corrective medicine. The healthy workma is the efficient workmen and new programs to make Him more health-minded are he put into operation. The author gives a description of a New Industrial Hygiene Clinic being established in one of the iron mining companies in Northern Michi gan. Rogular physical examinations which have been made during the past will be continued but more- emphasis will be placed on early diagnoses so that immediate medical care may be given. 279 ROENTGEN 3TUDY OF THE LUNGS OF BUFFERS AND DRY GRINDERS IN THE RIMSCHEID TOOL INDUSTRY. VJ. 3ergerhoff. Arch. f. Gewerbepath., _9, 167-78 (1938) (German). Artificial grinding wheels are used in this industry. Eighty subjects employed in tho work from one to 41 years were studied, and-the results confirm all that was found about 10 years ago -- that among these workers one finds only a light fibrosis. Silicosis is found only if the men work near sandstone grinders. Tho author emphasizes the importance of the ultramicroscopic dust particles. 280 CHANGES IN THE HEART AND PULMONARY BLOOD VESSELS IN EXPEPIMUfEAL SILICOSIS AND SILICO-TUBERCULOSIS. G. Hegemnnn. Arch. f. Gewerbepath., 9, 228*37, (1930)(Genac: In an attempt to study heart changes in silicosis, the author compared the weight of the heart with that of the kidneys in a series of experiments with rabbits. He found no evidence, however, that the weight of the heart had changed ift rela tion to that of the kidnoy3. Only two of the 70 rabbits examined, howeve*, had symptoms of serious silicotic nodulation. 261 THE SPUTUM IN SILICOSIS. A. Ingelman-Sundberg. Nord. Med. Tid., 16, 1619*26, (1938) (Norwegian). In recognition of the difficulty of establishing a positive radiological diag nosis in silicosis, the author searches for other diagnostic methods by an in vestigation of sputum tests. Employing a modification of Burke's method for the _ detection of mineral particles in sputum, he has investigated four cases of know, silicosis and two each of suspected silicosis, using six persons without dust ex posure as controls. The four silicotic patients had 170, 280, 170 and 540 par ticles per cc. of sputum. The two suspected cases had 50 and 250 particles per cc. The mineral particle count of the controls ranged from 30 to 70 particles por cc. The experiments and procedure are being continued with hope of better result 282 USEFULNESS OF LEHMANN* S APPARATUS FOR TESTING NASAL FILTRATION IN ORDER TO SEL ECT PERSONS NOT ENDANGERED BY DUST EXPOSURE. V. Reicbmann. Arch. f. Gewerbepath. 9, 43-57 (1938) (Geman), fhe noses and lungs of 392 miners and stonecutters were examined by using Lehmann's method. It was found that the number of "good" noses was small and that tho owners of such noses do acquire silicosis, although not as often. The author maintains that working age is of greater significance. All men perfonn- ing hard work breathe through both the nose and the mouth. The examinations shewed that the same individual varied a great deal at different times so that the method was not a sound one in selecting men for dusty work. 283 SCLEROSIS AND ANTHRACOSIS IN THE RJU10NAHY LYMPH NODES. G. Mottura. Rass. Med. Industr., 9, 330-44, (Gctober-December, 1938) (Italian). This is a pathological study. The author states that his paper is designed to re-exanine published material and to study tho various aspects of sclerosis (hardening) of the lymph elands of tho lungs. Examination of the lungs of autopsiod industrial workers indicated that the chronic irritative factor from coal dust was relatively unimportant, but that the dust tended to accumulate in tho lymph glands. 03117937 H0BF->0080f|3 nwB8-603SBiF References to Recent Literature - 7. 284 THE CHEMICAL STUDY 0? SILICEOUS INDUSTRIAL DUSTS. H.V.A. Briscoe, Science Progress, 33, 447-61 (January, 1939) (British). This paper is a short summary of the work which the author and his co-workers have done up to date. To collect samples of the dust "as the worker breathes it", it has beon stipulated that the dust must be secured without contamination, not wetted with water and must not be heated above 100C. Three methods of collect ion are used; volatile solid filters which can be sublimated away from the col lected dust at relatively low temperatures (as naphthalene, acenaphthalene or anthracene); soluble solid filters as salicylic acid from which the dust can be 0) centrifuged; and the labyrinth, wherein the dust io trapped by impingment on baffles. Thus far most of the tests have been confined to loss on ignition and ,--n to solubility of the various types of dust collected, although the lattor has not been investigated thoroughly. 235 METHODS OF MEASURING SMALL DUST SAMPLES. 0. M. Faber. Stauh., 8, 4-46 (1938) (German). It is desirable for many purposes to have a method which will quickly evaluate the dust in the atmosphere. Such a method is necessary for testing respirators. Actual counting is very troublesome and other methods are much prefereblo. The author first reports on various kinds of micrometers, then on methods and instru ments for rapid measurement of dust on konimeter slides by photographic methods. He then sele-cts the method of Walton as the best of this sort and a description of it is given. This method is described in this country in Journal Industrial Hygiene & Toxicology, 18, 689-98 (December, 1936). 286 INCREASING THE PORTABILITY OF THE BAUSCH & LOME DUST COUNTER. L. Silveman and C. R. Williams. Journal Industrial Hygiene & Toxicology, 21, 67-71, (March 1939). The portability of the Bausch and Lomb dust counter has been increased by two minor changes. First, the pump mechanism lias been moved from a horizontal posi-__ tion to a vertical one alongside the microscope tube. Second, the base of the counter has been changed to contain^lashlight.battcry powered lamp to enable the instrument to be used at the site of sampling without an eloctric current. A series of tests with the redesigned instilment shows that its efficiency In the seme of that of the original counter. 287 THE FLOW OF AIR id ITS DISTRIBUTION THROUGH DUCTS. Part 2. FLOW WITH FRICTION. DUCTS '.-ITS EQUAL FRICTION. J.R. Zwickl. Heating & Ventilating, 36, 49-52, (March, 1939). A previous article in the February issue described and developed foxnulas for flow without friction. The present paper continues the series with attention to flow with friction. The series of articles is a good discussion of the hydraul ics of duct systems. 288 CLEANING OF DUST RESPIRATORS. Hetzel. Dragerhefte, 198. 3949-52 (1938)(German). Cleaning dust masks used in mineral dust exposure was 90-100 per cent effective, provided,.however, that the filter had not boon used for too long a period. Cleaning was not effective after the respirators had been used on anaonium chlor ide or other such aerosols. 289 HEALTH INJURY FROM FORMALIN RESULTING FROM ITS USE AS A DISINFECTANT OF GAS MASKS. Hetzel. Dragenaitteil., 41^, 7-8, (1938) (German). When masks are cleaned with formalin solution or foraaldehyde gas, thoy must be thoroughly rinsed, with water and well aired. Instances of injury have been noted when those precautions wore not followed. 03117938 BB-00080* References to Recent Literature - 8. 290 AMERICAN STANDARD SAFETY CODE FOR THE PROTECTION OF HEADS, EYES, AND RESPIRATOR^ ORGANS; U.S. Bureau of Standards, Handbook H24, U.S. Dept, Commerce, Washington, 95 pp,, (1938). Obtainable from Supt. of Documents, Washington, D.C. price 15?. This booklet, superseding H2, was prepared under the chairmanship of Dr. M. G. Lloyd of the Bureau of Standards. Manufacturers, Insurance companies, labor or ganizations, technical societies, etc., were represented on the committee. While there is nothing especially new in the handbook, it contains the various govern mental specifications for masks, respirators, goggles, welding helmets, air masks, and has an excellent indox. The result is a practical and handy manual. (C) Papers on Industrial Poisons, Cancer, Dermatitis, etc. 291 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE CUKTEY OF CALIFORNIA WINERIES. Industrial Hygiene Service. Dept, of Public Health, California. Investigation Report No. 2, 36 pp. (February, 1939). This bulletin describes the wine industry in California, the classifications of wine, the processes in its production, together with the potential health haz ards that are involved in the processes. The materials and environmental^condi tions to which winery employees arc exposed to some degree, and which ma^-have a detrimental effect on health, include alcohol vapors (76$ of all employe*#); carbon dioxide (53$); excossive dampness (51$); sulfur dioxide gaa (24$); alkalis (14$); and carbon monoxide (12$). A set of provisions for protecting employee health is suggested. 292 FROM THE SWISS FACTORY INSPECTORS' REPORTS FOR 1937. E. Bitterli. Arbeitsschutz, pp. 278-80, (1938) (German). A short survey of the activity of factory inspectors revealed some interesting ** observations. There were found some cases of addiction to trichlorethylene in workers in that department of a factory. Cases of poisoning from hydrogen sul fide developed when a sodium sulfide lye was allowed to run into a trough con taining acid water. A case of death from nitrogen dioxide from autogenous weld ing is described. 293 WORK WITH PNEUMATIC TOOLS IN IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY AS CAUSE 0? DISEASES OF MUSCLES, BONES AND JOINTS. H. Schramm. Arch. f. orthopad. u. unfall-Chir., 39, 248-57, (November 17, 1938) (Goman). Disabilities caused by pneumatic tools have been reported chiefly in men who work in mines and In the stone industry, not so much in the men who use such tools in the iron and steel industries. In this paper the author describes his observations on 58 iron and steel workers who operated pncasatic handers and riveters. It was found that defects caused by pneumatic tools are not lees common in these workers than in workers in mines and quarries. Typical changes were found in the elbow joint, shoulder joint and in the siailunar (wrist) bone. That predisposition plays c part is proved by the fact that soma workers who had used pneumatic tools for 25 years wore free from complaints,whereas a young ' worker had noticeable defects after 3 years. Discussing the prevention, tho author stresses the importance of selecting the right typo of tool in accordance with the hardness of the material to be 'worked upon. Men who work with pnemat- ic tools should be subjected to examinations at regular intervals in order that possible impairment may bo rocognized early. 03117939 HM8B-00080W References to Recent Literature - 9. 5"\ 294 AFFECTIONS 0? THE SHDULDER JOINT IN RELATION TO OCCUPATION. L. Teleky. Trans. 5th Interaat. Congress on Rheumatism, Stockholm, September 1936. Mercators Tryckeri, Helsingfors, (1938) (Sweden). The components of the shoulder joint ore described in some detail. The bones and ligaments of many persons frequently show changes caused by extensive lift ing of heavy objects. They oc^ur frequently in longshoremen, portors, black smiths, miners, and those who -ork with compressed air tools. Injury to the (O . elbow joint is, however, more common among the latter. 295 INFECTIONS OF THE HVND. R. Pilcher. Indust. Welfare, 20, 476-80, (December, 1938) (British). This paper gives a short analysis of cases dealt with at a special Whitlow Clinic started at University College Hospital, London, in 1933. Of 192 patients with a history of injury, only three had received first-aid treatment and this stands out as the most important necessity for rapid recovery. Certain features of treatment of different types of injury are also discussed. 296 ELECTRIC OPHTHALMIA AS IN INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT. E. Avalos. Her. Cubans Oto-Neuro-Oft., 41, (1938) (Cuban). The effects upon the eye of electrical energy of varying intensities are ^escrib ed, and prophylactic measures suitable for workers exposed to such haimfus ef fects are proposed. ; 297 WHAT THE PHYSICIAN SHOULD OBSERVE IN GIVING ARTISTCAL RESPIRATION. 0. Pfleeeer, Med. Welt., 12, 1600-1 (1938) (German). ' The author tested whether the fatal effect in experiments is caused by the oxygen itself or by faulty tochnic. When he used pure oxygen the animals died after a fow hour's inhalation. With the usual oxygen apparatus, 80 per cent oxygen at most is inspired; with the inhalation apparatus, 55-65 per cent, . and with the pulmotor 40-60 per cent. Only with the so-called autenatic lung apparatus does it rise to 99 por cent. These automatic devices sunt be smploy- ed with care. In toxic pulmonary edema, the pulmotor should not be used, because excess pressure and too low pressure arc too difficult to avoid. In all cases without lung tissue injury it can bo used with good results. 298 PNEUMOTACK)GRAPHIC RESEARCH ON ARTTFICAL RESPIRATION. L. Fischer and I.tageser. Med. V/elt., 12, 1664-7 (1938) (German). With a tachograph the authors took respiration curves on a patient trained to submit to artificial respiration without breathing himself. They show the re sults of various methods of artificial respiration. That for Sylvester's'method deviates substantially from the normal; that for the Howard method gives very unsatisfactory results; and that for the biomotor gives a curve corresponding to the normal* The Hans bellows are also satisfactory. When possible, annual meth ods should be replaced by mechanical ones. 299 CONTINUOUS RECORDING OF THE SKIN TEMPERATURE OF MAN. H. Anton. Arch, f. Hyg., 120, 63-104 (1938) (German). An apparatus is described for the continuous registration of the temperature of a number of spots on the skin. The change of potential developed by thermocoup les is followed with a string galvanometer and reproduced photographically. By means of a revolving drum, contact is repeatedly made with each of tho thermo couple leads. A circuit for calibration is embodied in the arrangement. Appara tus for ensuring that tho standard temperature remains steady throughout the recording i3 also described. 03117940 HMSB-6008R' References to Recent Literature - 10. 300 FOURTH REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENTAL COMMITTEE ON LIGHTING- IN FACTORIES. Home Office. II. M. Stationery Office, London, 1938, Regulation of industrial lighting wa3 begun for the first time in Great Britain in 1937. The object of the report presented here is to review tho recommenda tions of previous committees and to make recommendations as to standards for the new code. It is statod that the effects of bad lighting are: (1) increased ac cident rate; (2) damage to eyesight and health; (3) insanitary conditions; (4) effect on discipline; and (5) diminished output and quality of work. r=?. 301 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FIELD FEVERS IN SOUTHERN BAVARIA. W. Rimpau. Much. med. Wchnschr., 85, 1979-81 (1938) (G^man). This disease of harvesters in certain parts of Geraany has been shown to be caused by leptospira, a subgroup of spirochetes. The difference between this disease and Weil's disease (icterus infectiosus) is still not clear as to the infective agent and epidemiology. Of those with field fevers, about 2 per cent develop icterus. 302 CLINICAL ASPECTS AND SPECIFIC THERAPY OF FIELD FEVERS. G. Jordens. Munchi med. Wchnschr., 85, 1979-81 (1938) (Genaun). The author reports on a number of cases, mostly among harvest workers* whe work barefoot or with inadequate shoes. The disease begins suddenly with chills and high fever. Most of the patients showed marked stupor, conjunctivitis* gastric symptoms, bronchitis, frequent hyperesthesia of the bones, and occasionally an exanthema like measles. The fover falls by crisis in most cases, but the pat ients recover very gradually. Fatal cases are rare. In many areas in Lower Bavaria at harvest time, hundreds of workers are incapacitated for 2-3 weeks, and only gradually recover complete ability to work. 303 DISEASES OF THE KIDNEYS AMONG STREETCAR EMPLOYEES. R. Civetta* Med. del lavoro, 29, 302-5, (1938) (Italian). Of 248 employees, the author found 56 with urine changes; 35 with phoaphaturia, 6 with a slight albuminuria, and some with the two combined. The Incidence seems high to the author, and he discusses the possible causes. 304 . THE WHITE BLOOD PICTURE IN GENERAL CHILLING OF THE BODY. A. Frohlich. Dtsch. Ztschr. f. d. ges. ger, Med. 30, 199, (1938) (German). Rabbits were held up to their necks for 8 to 15 minutes in ice water (1C). Blood samples were taken just before the experiment, about 15 minutes after it, and again about an hour later. A total leucocyte decrease wee found in 10 animals and in 5 others there was a definite increase. Tho leucocytoela develop ed in especially strong animals which had better resistance to cold than the others; the temperature drop they suffered was less, al9o. 305 CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AFTER ELECTRIC ACCIDENTS. F. Masella. Folia med., 24, 1121-31 (1938) (Italian). The author examined the blood, brain and nerves of rabbits killed by electric currents or killed after prolonged electric dosage. There were changes in the amounts of calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphate and cholesterine, but in creases or reductions in these materials wore not regular* 03117941 HWBfi-0008048 References to Recent Literature - 11. 306 THE CHRONIC EFFECTS ON DOGS OF FEEDING DIETS CONTAINING LEAD ACETATE, LEAD ARSENATE, AND ARSMIC TRIOXIDE IN VARYING CONCENTRATIONS. H.O. Calvery. E.P. Laug and H.J. Harri3. J. Phaim. Exp. Therapy, 64, 364-87, (December,193Q) THE EFFECT OF LEAD ON RATS FED DIETS CONTAINING LEAD ARSENATE AND LEAD ACETATE. . E.P. Laug and H.P. Morris. Ibid., 64, 308-410. THE STORAGE OF ARSENIC IN RATS FED A DIET CONTAINING CALCIUM ARSENATE AND ARSENIC IRloXIDE. H.J, Morris and E.W. Wallace. Ibid., pp. 411-19. THE GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF RATS FED DIETS CONTAINING LEAD ACETATE AND ARSENIC TRIOXIDE AND THE LEAD /J ARSENIC CONTENT OF NEWBORN AND SUCKLING RATS. H.P. Morris, E.P. Laug, K.J. Morris and R.L. Grant. Ibid., pp. 420-45. THE INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS ON THE STORAGE AND TOXICITY OF LEAD AND ARSENIC. R.L. Grant, H.O. Calvery, E.P. Laug and H.J, Morris. Ibid., pp. 446-57. VARIATION'S IN THE ARGINASE CONCENTRATIONS IN THE LIVERS OF WHITE RATS CAUSED HY THE ADMINISTRATION OF ARSENIC AND LEAD. H.D. Lightbody and H.O. Calvary. Ibid., pp. 458-64. 'When lead or arsenic was incorporated in the diet of rats and dogs, there was clear evidence of storage, even at the lowest levels fad. Rats proved relatively less sensitive to lead., tolerating amounts up to 213 mg./kg. in their diet. AV this high level, there was impairment of growth, and marked hypertrophy of the kidneys. At somewhat lower lovols of intake, no effects were noted on fecund ity or fertility. Dogs were very sensitive to lead and showed tho characteristic symptoms associated with lead poisoning on intakes as low as 0.33 ag./kg. per day, an amount well within the range of possible toxicity for the human. It was found that when the level of calcium was reduced in tho diet, both rats and dogs -- wore not only much more sensitive to lead, but also stored fraa 300 to 400 per cent more lead in their tissues. The largest storage of load occurred in the bones, kidneys and livers. Storage of lead in the long bones favored the epi physeal region and in the kidnoys, tho cortox. Clear evidence was also obtained that both lead and arsenic pass from the maternal tissues to the fetus, and in the case of lead a measurable amount passes into the milk (arsenic wae not de termined in the milk) whence it is absorbed and stored by the rat from birth to weaning. In contrast to dogs, rats proved to be somewhat more sensitive to arsenic than to lead. Calcium arsenate, in the amounts fed in these experiments, proved to be more toxic than arsenous oxide. Arsenic, while exerting little or no hypertrophic effect on kidneys, did produce, in rats, a marked effect on the liver. It was also found that both lead and arsenic lowered the arglnase con centration in the livers of rats, as woll as the response of arginase increase . in starvation. 307 CHRONIC LEAD POISONING. H.B. Williams. Journal American Medical Association, 112, 534-7, (February 11, 1939). A physician tells of hi3 own experience in developing a ohronlc lead poisoning without the well-known classic symptoms of constipation, colic, blood changes, and lead-line on the ^ums. He and members of his family used water fraa a copper tank that had been reinforced in certain places with a wiping solder con taining two-thirds lead, which dissolved quite readily in the slightly acid water. The amount absorbed daily was very small but was sufficient, in addition to the other ordinary sources of load, to produce noticeable nervous disorders without the other classic symptoms. 03117942 c> / ^ri) References to Recent Literature - 12. 308 CHRONAXOCETRIC INVESTIGATIONS OF LEAD WORKERS BEFORE AND AFTER WORK. H.I.Schutz Arch. f. Gewerbepath., 9, 198-22?, (1938) (German). The author examined by chronaximetry (the measurement of the time required for the excitation of a nervous element by a definite stimulus) the flexor and ex tensor muscles of 26 women typists before their work and after 9 hours of work. In the evening the average time required was 36 per cent longer than in the morning. He then exnminod 25 white lead workers who had been employed in this work for sevoral years. Their chronaxy values were considerably higher than those of tho non-lead workers and the author concludes that this measurement is valuable in diagnosix^lead damage.. This point was first brought out by F. H. Lewy in America and the present work serves to support Lewy*s view. The value of the measurement in tho recognition of impending damage is not as yet deter mined. 309 BLOOD PROTEINS IN LEAD COLIC AND MERCURY POISONING. M. Renato. Med. del lavoro, 29, 363-72, (December, 1938) (Italian). The author notes a diminution in the globulines and a light hyper-albiainenia in 5 cases of lead colic and 4 cases of mercurlalism studied. In all cases of lead poisoning, after the disappearance of symptoms, various protein fractions returned to their normal values, while in the mercurlalism they persisted or even increased. ' 310 LEAD POISONING AMONG WORKERS MAKING PROJECTILES. U. de Peppe. Med. del Uvoro, 29, 257-68, 306-11, 332-40 (1938) (Italian). The author examined 53 workers in azs&unltion factories and presents the blood findings and material on porphyrinuria for each man. He concludes that such work is only mildly dangerous, but that many workers develop a byposatumism with no clinical symptoms but with slight blood changes: slight diminution of hemoglobin content ana a real polyglobulia. ` 311 AH UNUSUAL CASE OF LEAD POISONING. G.E. Beaumont and R Wybura-Maaon. British Medical Journal, pp. 150-3, (January 28, 1939) (British). A full clinical record is given of a case which was determined to be lead pois oning before the source of contamination was discovered. Encephalopathy, trans ient blindness, oliguria, r&ised blood urea and abdominal pain were present, and also anemia and slight jaundice. No history of occupational risk was obtained os the patient was a railway signal clerk, but the symptoms had preceded this occupation. The domestic water supply was from a well, and was puaped through lead pipes. Water allowed to stand in these pipes showed 4 parts of lead per 10 million parts water. 312 RISK OF LEAD POISONING OCCUPATIONALLY INCURRED IN PREPARING "ETHXL" PETROL. F. Coste, Arch. Mai. Profess., 1^, 281-93, (1938) (French). Motor fuel containing tetra-ethyT lead is prepared in 41 stations In France where ethyl fluid imported from America is mixed with gasoline. During the last four years 179'men have been employed in this work. Tho men are provided with entire outfits of working clothes, rubber aprons, gloves and boots, which are inspected daily. All workers are carefully selected by medical examination and must pass subsequent examinations two or three times a year. Because of the careful medi cal supervision, no cases of poisoning from the highly toxic tetra-ethyl lead compound have occurred in this industry. 03117943 HWBif-0008049 fx !1ujDV/o HW8B-800805r References to Recent Literature - 13 t } 313 BOOK REVIEW -- CARBON MONOXIDE ASPHYXIA. Cecil K. Drinker. Oxford University Press, New York. 276 pp. {1938} Price $4.50 The book is a valuable source of information for those with a practical or theoretical interest in carbon monoxide poisoning. The author begins by giving a complete description of the physiology of respiration and the exchange of gases in the lungs as a basis for the text that follows. .Other chapters are devoted to statistical and general information, pathology of asphyxia, treatment, the contro versial subject of chronic poisoning, and discussion of methods of detection. The work is especially valuable for those in fields of industry having a carbon /T5\ monoxide problem. 314 CARBON MONOXIDE FILTERS AND VARIOUS EXPERIMENTAL CLAIMS. H. Muschenbom. Dragerhefte, 198, 3959-61 (1938) (German). Experiments show that the length of time a carbon monoxide filter can be used depends not so much on the carbon monoxide content (at least frcni 0.1 to 2.0 per cent) as on the moisture content of the air. For instance, at 25 per cent rela tive humidity a filter is good for 15.2 hours in 0.1 per cent carbon monoxide* 12.8 hours in 2.0 per cent. With a relative humidity of 90 per cent the res pective periods of effectiveness for these concentrations is 9.8 and 8.3 hours. 315 CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING. S. E. Schartz. Viestnik Ophth., 16, 370 (1938$fOem&n The symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are very bizarre generally, as Well as in relation to ocular manifestations. The author*s case was unusually severe, with edema and ecchymosis of the lids, cheaosis, exophthalmos, limitation of movement, superficial keratitis, and rise of intraocular tension. The flael re sult was loss of vision in the right eye and recovery in the left. 316 CARBON DISULFIDE POISONING. R. McDonald. Arch, of Ophth., 20, 838-45 (1936). The author was among those who collaborated on the viscose rayon study made re cently in Pennsylvania (Abstract 826, 1938) and the material is the same as that on which the Pennsylvania report is based. The literature on ophthalmologic effects of carbon disulfide is reviewed and the author's experience in examining 120 men from viscose rayon plants is given. More than half of those examined had been employed for 10 years or longer, and approximately 75 per cent had ocular complaints of various sorts. Enlargement of the blindspot, which has not previously been reportod in the literature, is believed by the author to be the most significant early ocular sign of chronic carbon disulfide intoxication. It was found in 22.5 per cent of all workers examined. Diminution of the corneal reflex was the moat constant finding, occurring in more than one-half of the cases. Diminution of the light reflex was the second most common finding. Vascular changes of the usual nature were found in about one-third of the cases. Although amblyopia was a common symptom in l;he previously reported literature, it was not prosent in any of the cases in the author's series, and no scotomata were demonstrable. 317 DETERMINATION OF CARBON DISULFIDE AND CARBONYL SULFIDE IN GASES IN THE PRESENCE OF EACH OTHER. A.V, Avdeeva. Eavodskaya Lab., 279-81, (1938) (Russian). The gas is aspirated through 3 connecting absorption flaske in the order given. Sulfur dioxide end hydrogen sulfide are absorbed in a standard iodine solution; titrating the solution with sodium hydroxido to methyl orange gives hydrogen sulfide directly and sulfur dioxide by difference. Carbonyl sulfide is absorb ed in 7.5 per cent calcium chloride containing 1 per cent anoonitai hydroxide, and the carbon disulfide in alcoholic 15 percent potassium hydroxide. The solu tions are then oxidized with hydrogen peroxide or bromine as usual and tho con tents of carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide aro detomined by precipitating the sulfuric acid with barium chloride, 0__3__1___1^7944 HWBB-0008051 References to Recent Literature - 14. 318 SPECTROGKAPHIC METHOD FOR IDENTIFICATION AND DETEFaCLNATION OF SMALL QUANTITIES OF BENZINE; DETERMINATION OF BINZENE VAPORS IN AN ATMOSPHERE. P. Lurian. J. Pham. Chen., 27, 561-77 (1938) (French). The ultraviolet absorption spectrum of benzene in alcoholic solution permits Identification of benzene down to a dose of 0.1 mg. The absorption curve of this alcoholic solution is obtained by means of the apparatus of Fabre and Amy (see Chea. Abstr., 31, 6109). By calculating the optical density of the maximums, benzene can be determined for quantities equal to 2 mg or more, with an approximation of 5 per cent. The technic is applied to the detection and deter mination of benzene in the atmosphere by condensing it at low temperature in the presence of 95 per cent alcohol, which under these conditions collects it com pletely. 319 THE PROBLEM OF APLASTIC BONE MARROW AND PSEUDO-APLASTIC LEUCEMIA FRO! BHGENZ EXPOSURE. F. Peaoit ana E. C* Vigliani. Raes. Med. Industr., 346-61 (October-Decenber 1938) (Italian). Chronic benzene poisoning divides itself into four categories: (1) caee that are clinically, henatologically and anatomo-pathologically typical of aplastic anemia; (2) cases clinically typical of aplastic anemia but showing an aettva hemopoesis especially in t'ac bone marrow, with numerous undifferentiated StoA cells (pseudo-aplastic anemia); (3) atypical cases of aplastic innnti wltByulitic hyperplasia or metaplasia, having a leucomic appearance, espaoia&lgujpptfca spleen and liver; and (4) cases of certain chronic or acute leucemia wtA Jpb frequently appearing as a leucemia. The above classification was nspablGTnf being experimentally demonstrated in animals. They are stated to ba a direct effect of r\ toxic action of benzene and should be so designated. 320 CLINICAL ASPECTS OF POISONING BY SOLVENTS OF THE AROMATIC SERIES. X. C,, -Vigliani.. Rass. Med. Industry., , 303-29 (October-December 1938) (Italian). This article is a sunmary of present knowledge with regard to benzene and its derivativis,Stress is laid on the action of these substances on the blood* Secondary effects are discussed at some length. The author points out that care should be exercised in Identifying the specific solvent which le used, since symptomatology varies with the different homologs and derivatives of benzene* 321 EXAMINATIONS 0? LEIPZIG FHDTOENGRAVERS WITH SPECIAL REFXSOHCX TO HEMORRHAGIC TENDENCY. S. Kahle. Aroh. f. Hyg., 121, 67-88 (1938) (German). Following a review of the literature the author gives a careful description of the results of examining 20 photoengravers. Symptoms referable to the central nervous system were very numerous: hcadaoho, dizziness, fatigue; others referable to the digestive tract were eructations and heartburn. The many findings on homorrhagic tendency and vasolability were striking. The thrombocyte slues in half of the cases lay in the lowest normal rango, but definite thrambopenis was not seen. In 75 por cent of the casos, the Rumpel-Leede test was positive, suggesting injury to the vascular endothelium. The dermographla found In oil cases points to damage to the capillary function. In 30 per cent, and, in a later examination, 40 per cent, there was found leucopenla and neutropenia (with the latter relative lymphocytosis). In conclusion tho author reports on a case of fatal aplastic anemia in a 60-year old photoengraver who had worked for 19 years. 03117945 i^=jj yTr\ References to Recent Literature - 15. 322 THE "TOLERANCE CONCOTTRATION" OF RADON IN THE A3MOSPHEIE. J. Read, and J. C. Mottrem. Brit. J. Radiol., 12, 54-60 {January, 1939) (British). Radon, the gaseous substance that emanates from radium, is said to cause leuco penia among workers handling radium or working in atmospheres where radium is stored. Concentrations found in various working places were taken, and expert ments on mice were carried out. From the results the allowable limit suggested is 10'1* curies per cc. This allows for a safety factor of 10. Proper venti lation can keep the concentration down to 10~12 curies per cc. It is suggested that radium safes be ventilated continually or just prior to opening. Workers exposed to radon should be examined periodically in order to establish defin itely the safe concentration. 323 A CASE OF WYELOTIC LEUCEMIA IN AN X-RAY ASSISTANT OBSERVED FROM THE BEGINNING, W. Welts. Klin. YJchnschr., 1_7, 1579-80 (1938) (German). The patient, born in 1901, began work in 1928 with '-rays, worked extensively with them after 1930. Since then her blood has been examined regularly. In August, 1932, there was a considerable increase of eosinophils, and in June 1933 she gave up the work entirely. At that time there were 25,000 leucocytes, of which one-half of one per cent were immature nyolooytes, 2 per cent meta myelocytes, 9 per cent eosinophiles, 6 per cent basop'aiios, 11 per cent mono cytes, 19 per cent lymphocytes, and 52 per cent neutrophiles. There was a sligh increase in the spleen, which since then has continued to increase gradually. In January 1935 there woro 74,000 leucocytes, and'in the simmer of 1933$ the spleen was enlarged two fingers above the center line and one finger below the navel. She was treated with x-rays,but died in April 1938. .' 324 POISONOUS GASES IN THE LEATHER INDUSTRY. J.A.S. Morrison. Leather World, 30, 886,7, (1938). . Ammoni^ gydrogen sulfide and hydrogen arsenide may be fonaed if waste lime liquors/in contact with acid liquors from the tan yards. Carbon monoxide and methane may be liberated by fermentation of waste vegetable tanning materials. Dangerous concentrations may occur in sumps, pits, sewers, etc. The simplest precaution is to flood with water to replace the foul atmosphere before allow ing men to enter. If this is not practical, the men should wear approved masks supplied with oxygen or pure air. 325 HEMOGLOBIN CHANGES AND THE BEHAVIOR OF FORFHYRINE IN URINE AND FECES IN EXPERIMENTAL ANILINE POISONING. C. Seglini. Med. del lavoro, 29 , 289-301, (1938) (Italian). Aniline was injected into rabbits, and was found to appear first in the blood and later in liver and nervous system. Porphyrine increases in urine and feces as the poisoning continues. In chronic poisoning the increase is greater be cause the liver changes are greater. 326 STUDIES ON PHEBOTHLAZINE. V. FATE OF PHENOTHIAZIKE IN THE BODY. ?. DeEds, C.W. Eddy and J.O. Thomas. J. Pharm. Exp. Therap., 64 , 250-62 (November,1938). VII. THE BACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF URINE AFTER ORAL AlMINISTRAnON OF PHBSOTHIA2INE. J.O. Thomas, F. DeEds and C.W. Eddy. Ibid., 280-97. In the first paper it is demonstrated that the urino of animals ingesting watersoluble phenothiasine contains in addition to the soluble oxidation derivatives, thionol-leuco thionol, some water-soluble form of phonothiazine, possibly con jugated or in some loose chemical combination. This latter product is precipi tated from the urineon strong acidification. The effects of phenotbiazine are discussed in earlier papers. No mention is made of the amounts of phenothiazine recovered in the urine. In the second papor the authors show that urine contain ing the phenothiazino derivaties above named shows strong bactericidal action 03117946 HWBb-000805? HMB8-00080 References to Recent Literature - 16. L for E. Coll, both in vitro and in vivo under the proper conditions of pH con centration. Thionol appears to be the active reagent. 327 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO ISOPROFYL ETHER AND TO A MIXTURE CF ISOPROPYL ETHER AND GASOLINE. IV. Machle, E.'.V. Scott and J. Treon. Journal Industrial Hygiene & Toxicology, 21, 72-96, (March 1939). Improved methods of production have increased the field of uses of isopropyl other, especially as a fuel in internal combustion engines. Like most ethers it is an anesthetic, but, because of its toxic and depressant effects, it has not been used as such. Because greater potential exposures to this substance are probable in the future, the present investigation v,*as conducted to gain a more definite knowledge of its physiological action. Isopropyl other is a simple aliphatic other which at ordinary temperatures is a colorless liquid, boiling at about 6QC. The experiments show that ingestior. of the liquid in small amounts (7-9 cc. per kilogram body weight) causes rapid intoxication and death. As a vapor it is anesthetic to animals (rabbits and monkeys) at about 3 per cent concentration, lethal at about 6 per cent, and only mildly toxic at 1 per sent. No permanent pathological characteristics woro noted on oniffiAls that were exposed to, and survived, a 3 per cent concentration in air. Isopropyl ether is explosive in mixtures of from 1.5 to 2.0 per cent in air and it in unlikely that higher concentrations will be encountered because of this fdtt Mixtures of 40 per cent isopropyl ether with gasoline wore loss toxic thaagthe pure substance. > ' 328 SPECTROANALYSES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF SOME INDUSTRIAL POISONINGS. *rwQT*qm+ ON THALLOUS CHLORIDE POISONING. F. Capelli. Med. del lavoro, 29, 321-32, (1938) (Italian). The author writes first about spectroanalysis and then shews that after the injection of 5.6 mg. thollous chloride over a period of 5 days, thalllua can be found in the urine of rabbits by spectroanalytic methods. 329 HEART INJURY FROM NICOTINE. ?. Lasslng. Med. Welt., 12, 1485-7,(1938)(Geiman). Recently acute poisoning has occurred from the use of nicotine as an insecticide. A case is presented with the following symptoms: weakness, so pulse, fall of temperature, tonic-clonic cramps, sugar in the urine, arrhythmia and bradlcardia in the electrocardiogram, lengthening of the transfusion time, disturbance of the conduction of stimuli, and injury to the heart muscle. There was some im provement , but even after ninemonths certain of the symptoms were still notice able. Another case was that of a tobacco cutter who ccnplained of heart pains and bradlcardia. In the electrocardiogrssn there were seen slight fluctuations of the vestibule, and there was slightly augmented bilirubin in the blood. 330 EXPERIMENTAL CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF VANADIUM POISONING. P. Uolflno. . Rass. Med. Industr., , 362-73 (October-December, 1938) (Italian). The following are the"*author's conclusions based on experiments performed on rabbits: (1) vanadium anhydride is absorbed and oliminated in the urine where it can be demonstrated; (2) vanadius anhydride exerts a strong irritant action on the respiratory organs; and (3) except for its irritating action, vanadium anhydride simulates zinc origin its after effects- 331 VASCULAR DISEASES AFTER MERCURY POISONING, X. Tellinger and ?. Sctweitaer. Arch. f. Gewerbepath., , 269-75 (1938) (German), The authors present the""cases of 3 men who had worked with mercury and suffered mercury poisoning. Later they showed signs of endarteritis, beginning with claudicatio intermittens and followed by gangrene in the tooe or feet. They were cured by vasodilator treatment. 03117947 '?*) c. r^l References to Recent Literature - 17. 332 KIEHEY FUNCTION AJTSl DAMAGE BY HEAVY METALS (MERCURY, KOLLARGOL, WITH A NOTE ON CLINICAL ASPECTS 0? BANG'S DISEASE). P. v. Monakow. Deutsch. Arch. f. klin, Med., 135, 155-70 (1938) (German). The author calls attention to the resemblance in poisoning by mercury, uranium, bismuth and gold insofar as kidney changes are concerned. Tho histological and functional changes are described. Blood and urine data are given in the case of a woman with Bang's disease who was given 0.04 Kollargol (colloidal silver) intravenously. The clinical course was quite similar to that seen in mercury poisoning. There was an immediate anuria; thereafter the slight amount of urine was pale and of low specific gravity. It contained a good deal of albumin and many cylinders but no blood. In poisoning by heavy metals the kidneys behave characteristickily, but quit differently than in other kidney ailments. There is an unusual.1, low concentration of urea in the urine at the height of the poisoning, oxtremely little difference in concentration betvreon blood urea and urine urea, and in spite of a drop in blood chloride, often below the threshold value, the chloride excretion is maintained at a concentration only slightly below that of the blood. 333 DOES MANGANEC- CAUSE PNEUMONIA? E. C. Vigliani. Folia Med. 23, 451-8, (1937) (Italian). Pyrolusite (an ore of manganese) is suspected as a cause of pneuaonla. There have been, in the past, noticeably high incidences of pne\snonia among pyrolusite miners and those who handlo tho ores in mills. The rates of pnetmoilia are high in other similar industries but do not account for the correspondingly higher rates among pyrolusite workers in particular. 334 NASAL CHANGES IN CHROMIUM WORKERS. G. Mancioli. Hass. Med. Indust., 9, 258-71 (1938) (Italian). " Injury from chromium, in tho plating industry is both fraft inhalation of fumes and from contact with the solutions. The very best of exhauat systems are re quired, as cases of poisoning were found even in locations where better than average exhaust systems were in operation. Chromium poisoning is characterized by greenish chrome sores in the nose and septum and the absence of serious dis comfort misleads the patients and makes them careless. During the period of ulceration they are only conscious of a burning sonsgtion in the nose which causes them to put a finger (usually covered with chromium solution) into the nose, thus bringing the poison in direct contact with the mucous membrane. Prophylaxis includes powerful exhaust systems, use of boric vaseline or salicy lic ointment on or in tho nose, the use of respirators and rubber gloves. 335 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON OCCUPATIONAL CHROMIUM POISONING IS THE JLECTHO- CHROMIUM PLATING INDUSTRY. St. Galloro. Folia aed., 24, 125&-65 (1938)(Italian). The author reviews the literature and then reports on experiments with guinea pigs that were kept over a chrome bath from one-half to three hours daily up to 45 days. Changes of the mucosa ond submucosa of the respiratory tract were ob served and examined histologically, as well as changes in tho spleen and kidneys. 336 FACTORS IN CARCINOGENESIS. R.D. Passey. I. Roy. Inst. Publ. Health & ^rg. 2, 16-63, (January, 1939) (British). This article deals with chemical and physical carcinogenitic agents, viruses, parasites, and genetic factors. Lengthy bibliographies are given. In a short section various types of industrial cancer are enumerated. A question is asked whether there is any osteogenic sarcoma among the Schneeburg miners, where the lung cancer is thought to be caused by radioactive substances. The exact cause of bladder cancer among dye workers has as yet not boen determined, and exten sive experiments with those materials have failed to find tho compound or coo- 03117948 HUBB-00080^i Htf8B-B00805c References to Recent Literature - 18. pounds responsible for the cancer. Exposure to ultraviolet light may induce epithel.dflwa of the skin. Heat has been known to cause cancer on the shins of engine drivers, and cold may also act as a carcinogenetic agent. 337 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF INDUSTRIAL DISEASES OF COTTON SPINNERS. U. Thiry. Arch, de Med. Soc, et d'Hyg., 1, 749-51 {1938) {French). The author examined 125 workers in a cotton spinning factory. In those who had worked only a short time, he found no lung abnormalities, but of those with o_j^ a longer exposure, 88 per cent had inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract. Exposure of Petri dishes showed the presence of bacteria pathogenic to guinea pigs. 338 DERMATOSES IN SUGAR WORKERS* Journal American Medical Association (Queries and Minor Notes), 112 . 264 (January 21, 1939). The question concerns "sugar boils" among men working for 20 years in a beet sugar mill. It seems especially prevalent among workers exposed to the juices. Lesions that ha^c boon described in the literature arc so varied that it is doubtful if a specific agent is responsible. Perhaps the sugar provides a good medium for bacteria. Keeping the skin cleon is of prime importance*, juices should not be allowed to dry on the skin. 339 METffiDS FOP TESTING LOTIONS FOR PROTECTING THE HUMAN SKIN. L. Peuckert and V/. Schneider. Arch. f. Gewerbepath., 9,, 288-94 (1938) (German). The authors studied various lotions iifdifferent dilutions, by photographing the forms of drops on the skin. They describe another method which teeta the lotions'- capacity for moistening other materials; the results give an Idea of how these materials would act on the skin. 340 STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN SURFACE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. R. and P. Jager, Arch. f. Gewerbepath., 9_, 276-87 (1938) (German). The authors describe methods which give a""clearer picture of the skin surface than is usually gained. They employ a fluorescent analysis, a fluorescent microscopical method; the apparatus is described and pictures of the skin made in this way are described. The authors claim that their method, which shows rawness of the skin, collected dirt, and the effect of washing, offers a valu able prophylactic aid. 03117949