Document 4J2R4YRQaVL4XnXM26jv04KgG

SAFETY IN MINES RESEARCH ADVISORY COMMITTEE SIMRAC Draft Final Project Report Title: GRAVIMETRIC DUST SAMPLING FOR CONTROL PURPOSES AND OCCUPATIONAL DUST SAMPLING Author/s: A D Unsted Research Agency: CSER : Division of Mining Technology Project No.: GAP 326 Date: February 1997 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Prior to the introduction of gravimetric dust sampling, konimeters had been used for dust sampling, which was largely for control purposes. Whether or not absolute results were achievable was not an issue since relative results were used to evaluate workplace conditions and the effectiveness ofdust control measures, establish trends in workplace dust levels and to assist with the design ofventilation systems. Some attempts were made to establish occupational dust exposures levels but the instruments used and the units of measurement (i.e. particles per mf) were not deemed to be suitable. The availability ofgravimetric dust sampling pumps that could operate at a constant flow rate for the duration of a working shift offered a means of conducting full shift samples. With the introduction of gravimetric sampling all official dust sampling with konimeters for control purposes ceased. Although individual employees were sampled for a full shift, the sampling strategy required by lav/3) was such that results were compiled in terms of"activities" and not in terms of occupations. As indicated in a previous research project(1) there is a very substantial amount of data which has only been used to determine a mine risk on which a compensation levy is based. This mine risk is based on these individual samples which go through an extensive averaging process. The full shift samples have been shown to be ineffective in establishing workplace risk, workplaces or processes where unsatisfactory dust levels exist and, once the dust report for a sampling cycle has been compiled, it is all but impossible to trace a person with an unsatisfactory exposure level or his movements dining the day of sampling. In effect, dust sampling for control purposes disappeared and sampling was conducted for the sole purpose of establishing a "risk". Conclusive proofthat this risk was being based on highly variable dust concentrations and highly variable and uncontrollable quartz concentrations was outlined in a previous research report(1). Risks based on such variables were shown to be largely meaningless, not equitable and not reflective of measures implemented to control dust emissions. The 1959 Johannesburg Conference on Pneumoconiosis drew attention to the necessity for different sampling strategies for dust control purposes and for occupational dust surveys, which could be used for epidemiological studies. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\suc\gsp326.rep (i) Since mines are equipped with instrumentation that could provide invaluable data for epidemiological studies on a very large scale, a clear cut sampling strategy was seen to be needed as well as a recommendation on how best to conduct dust sampling for control purposes. Before any experimental work was conducted in occupational dust sampling or control dust sampling, certain technical issues regarding dust sampling with gravimetric samplers were investigated. These are highlighted below, namely - pump orientation has no significant or practical bearing in sampling for dust, - optimum results are obtained using a 25 mm diameter filter of 0,8 fjm porosity at a standard flow rate of 1,9 tpm, - shielding ofpimps appears to enhance sensitivity, - location ofsampling, with respect to dust source, has a bearing on total to respirable dust ratio, and - shorter sampling times (15 minutes) provide equally representative results in comparison with longer samplmg times (eg 120 minutes) and also provide more detail In a previous research project(1> it was proposed that standard gravimetric samplers used over a very short period, ie 12 - 15 minutes, could be used to collect dust samples at different places within the workplace to give indications ofdust levels at these localities. Initial trials(1> indicated good potential with the proposed technique and the present project explored the use of the technique to determine dust levels in workplaces. The results presented in this report show that: - workplace risk could be calculated from average working face dust levels on the basis of either a measured average quartz concentration or on a standard quartz concentration^, - by sampling all the workplaces on a regular basis a "mine risk" can be determined which, as a matter ofcourse, permits inter-mine comparisons, - the technique allows results to be recorded on environmental engineering survey reports, - the technique also provides inspectors with a reliable and practical methodology to conduct checks, and that - independent surveys can be carried out in a meaningful way. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: jtoi<ta>326.rq> (ii) The short duration sampling technique has been shown to be viable and its implementation is strongly recommended. Simultaneously with the short duration sampling experiments occupational dust surveys were also conducted. Originally, only two occupations were chosen, viz. support (timbering) and stope supervisors. However, the introduction ofmultiskilling ensured that more occupation categories were sampled than was actually required. Although relatively small numbers of samples were collected for the various occupations, clearly discernible differences in Time Weighted Average (TWA) dust concentrations can be seen and the occupations can be ranked in terms of dust concentrations or risk, based either on average quartz concentrations or a standard quartz concentration. The ranking was found to be mine specific but, when all the data were pooled for the mines monitored, machine drill operators emerged with the highest levels. A comparison ofmine records for the previous two gravimetric dust sampling cycles was made with CSIR: Mining Technology's results at the request of a special interest group. The software packages used by some mines made comparison with CSIR; Mining Technology's results impossible. The frequency distribution ofthe results indicates that the mines show more exposure in the lower exposure ranges than does CSIR: Mining Technology. Risk could be expressed in terms of average dust exposures for a group or based on actual or a standard quartz concentration of 20 percent. Whichever system is selected, differences in exposures or risk fin* different groups are discernible. These differences, even though apparently small, can be significant when examined in terms ofdose/response where a small increase in dose can result in a very substantial increase in response or effect. Occupational dust exposures should be used for epidemiological studies and not to establish a mine risk. Industry now has the instrumentation and the infrastructure in place to be able to participate in meaningful epidemiological studies. At present, estimations of exposures are still based on a study conducted nearly 40 years ago with inappropriate instrumentation and, unless a start is made PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\gap326j-ep (in) very shortly with occupational dust surveys, this situation win not change. With arguably the largest mining industry in the world. South Africa is at the brink ofbeing able to establish the largest and best occupational dust exposure data base ever. The sheer weight of evidence will assist occupational medicine practitioners to better estimate working life exposures for matching with physiological responses and which could assist with the initiation of a timeous intervention policy to protect workers' health. The establishment of an industry data base of occupational exposure levels for dust, based on specific occupational dust sampling, which should be an ongoing process, will take years to establish. In the meantime, a very substantial amount ofdust sampling data already exists. These are the results submitted by mines to the Government Mining Engineer (GME) (now the Chief Inspector ofMines) since 1992. Unfortunately, results were requested in terms of"activities" and not "occupations". Mine records could be examined and classified in terms of occupations and in this way a picture ofthe different exposure levels could be buOt up more rapidly than by waiting several years for results from the occupational dust sampling proposed above, which could, however, be used to update such a data base. To establish mine health and safety risks it will be necessary to link exposure to medical surveillance and records. Since it is highly unlikely that an adequate number ofdust samples could be collected for any given individual on a mine to be of use with medical surveillance it would be advantageous to be able to make use oftypical exposure results from a national or industry data base. The establishment ofthe data base proposed here is strongly recommended, thereby putting to meaningful use results which heretofore have only been used for the determination of compensation levies. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j>aie\fpp326.rep (iv) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 1 A. TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................... 4 2. ORIENTATION TESTS................................................................................................... 4 2.1. Test sites .................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Methodology............................................................................................................ 4 2.3 Results........................................................................................................................ 5 2.4 Discussion ............................................................................................................ 11 2.4.1 First set of orientation tests...................................................................... 11 2.4.2 Second set of orientation tests.................................................................. 11 2.5 Conclusions.......................................................................................................... 12 3. SAMPLING RATES, FILTER SIZES AND POROSITY....................................... 13 3.1 Test site.................................................................................................................. 14 3.2 Methodology........................................................................................................ 14 3.3 Results................................................................................................................... 17 3.3.1 Monitoring Exercise 1............................................................................... 17 3.3.2 Monitoring Exercise 2..................................................................................27 3.3.3 Porosity Tests............................................................................................... 38 3.4 Discussion ............................................................................................................... 45 3.4.1 Monitoring Exercise 1..................................................................................45 3.4.2 Monitoring Exercise 2..................................................................................46 3.4.3 Porosity, and Sampling lime. Tests........................................................... 48 3.5 Conclusions............................................................................................................. 50 B. STRATEGIC DIRECTION............................................................................................. 53 4. SHORT DURATION SAMPLING................................................................................53 4.1 Introduction............................................................................................................. 53 4.2 Test Sites..................................................................................................................57 4.2.1 Site 1............................................................................................................... 57 4.2.2 Site 2............................................................................................................... 57 4.2.3 Site 3............................................................................................................... 57 4.2.4 Site 4............................................................................................................... 57 4.3 Methodology........................................................................................................... 57 4.4 Results...................................................................................................................... 59 4.4.1...........................................................................................................................60 4.4.2........................................................................................................................... 73 4.4.3........................................................................................................................... 89 4.4.4...................................................................................................................... 102 4.5 Discussion ........................................................................................................... Ill 4.6 Conclusions........................................................................................................ 124 4.6.1...................................................................................................................... 124 4.6.2 .................................................................................................................... 124 4.6.3...................................................................................................................... 124 4.6.4...................................................................................................................... 125 4.6.5...................................................................................................................... 126 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: jWc%q>326 rtp (V) 4.6.6 126 5. OCCUPATIONAL DUST SAMPLING.................................................................... 127 5.1 Introduction........................................................................................................ 127 5.2 Test Sites...................... 129 5.3 Methodology..................................................................................................... 130 5.4 Results............................................. 131 5.4.1 Mine 1 ........................................................................................................ 131 5.4.2 Mine 2 ........................................................................ 132 5.4.3 Mine 3 . . ................................................. .. .............................................. 132 5.4.4 Mine 4............................................................... 133 5.4.5 All mines......... ................................................ 133 5.5 Discussion ............................. 165 5.6 Conclusions.......................................................... 174 6. OVERALL CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................. 178 7. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 181 8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................. 182 APPENDIX A........... ..................................... ........................ ................................................... 183 APPENDIX B ........ .............................................................................................................254 APPENDIX C . . . . ..................................................................................................................... 283 I'ROJKCT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\gap326.rep (vi) 11ST OF TABLES 1 Results offirst orientation tests downstream of a tip...........................................................6 2 Results of second set oforientation tests...............................................................................8 3 Results ofthe first set ofmonitoring exercises.................................................................... 18 4 Results ofthe second set ofmonitoring exercises ............................................................. 28 5 Results ofthe first filter porosity tests................................................................................. 39 6 Results of second filter porosity tests .................................................................................41 7 Results of short duration sampling (Mine 1) ......................................................................60 8 Results ofkonimeter dust samples (Mine 1) ......................................................................61 9 Results of short duration sampling - Stopes (Mine 2) ...................................................... 73 10 Results of short duration sampling - Development (Mine 2) ........................................... 74 11 Results of short duration sampling - Stopes (Mine 3) ....................................................... 89 12 Results of short duration sampling - Development Levels (Mine 3)................................90 13 Results of short duration sampling - Stopes (Mine 4) .....................................................102 14 Results of short duration sampling - Development Ends (Mine 4)................................ 103 15 Summary of CSIR Mining Technology occupational exposure data - Mine 1......... 134 16 Details ofCSIR Mining Technology occupational exposure data - Mine 1..............135 16a Table 16 continued........................................................................................................... 136 17 Summary of statistical data for mine occupational exposure levels - Mine 1.................137 18 Summary ofmines occupational exposure data - Mine 1................................................ 138 18a Table 18 continued........................................................................................................... 139 18b Table 18 continued........................................................................................................... 140 18c Table 18 continued........................................................................................................... 141 18d Table 18 continued........................................................................................................... 142 19 Summary of CSIR Mining Technology occupational exposure data - Mine 2......... 146 20 Details of CSIR Mining Technology occupational exposure data - Mine 2..............147 20a Table 20 continued........................................................................................................... 148 21 Summary of statistical data for mine occupational exposure levels * Mine 2................ 149 22 Summary ofmines occupational exposure data - Mine 2............................................. 150 22a Table 22 continued........................................................................................................... 151 23 Summary of CSIR Mining Technology occupational exposure data - Mine 3......... 155 24 Details of CSIR* Mining Technology occupational exposure data - Mine 3..............156 24a Table 24 continued........................................................................................................... 157 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: jWi*\gap326.rcp (vii) Lhi Or TABLES Coot..... 25 Summary ofCSIR: Mining Technology occupational exposure data - Mine 4......... 159 26 Details ofCSIR: Mining Technology occupational exposure data - Mine 4..............160 26a Table 26 continued............................................................................................................. 161 PROJECT NO Y1401 FILE NAME: jWpmjp (viii) LIST OF FIGURES 1 Sampling grid and pump orientation ................................................................................... 5 2 Test 1 - First set of orientation tests ......................................................................................6 3 Test 2 - First set of orientation tests ......................................................................................7 4 First orientation set - First test with orientations grouped.................................................. 7 5 First orientation set - Second test with orientations grouped..............................................8 6 Test 1 - Second set of orientation tests................................................................................. 9 7 Test 2 - Second set of orientation tests................................................................................. 9 8 Second orientation set - First test with orientations grouped......................................... 10 9 Second orientation set - Second test with orientations grouped....................................... 10 10 Sampling grid and pump arrangements for two test runs...................................................15 11 Monitoring exercise 1 - Test 1. Sampling rates and pump configuration........................ 16 12 Monitoring exercise 1 - Test 2 . Sampling rates and pump configuration........................ 16 13 Respirable dust and total dust for 13 mm filters with a sampling rate of 1,5 0pm .... 19 14 Respirable dust collected on 13 mm fibers (1,5 0pm) and 25 mm filters (1,9 0pm) ... 20 15 Respirable dust collected on 13 mm filters (1,5 0pm) and 25 mm filters (3 0pm)..........20 16 Total dust collected on 13 mm filters (1,5 0pm) and 25 mm fibers (1,9 0pm).............. 21 17 Total dust collected on 13 mm fibers (1,5 0pm) and 25 mm filters (3 0pm)..................... 21 18 Respirable dust and total dust collected on 25 mm filters (1,9 0pm).................................22 19 Respirable dust and total dust collected on 25 mm filters (3 0pm) ................................... 22 20 Respirable dust collected on 25 mm filters at 1,9 0pm and 3 0pm..................................... 23 21 Total dust collected on 25 mm filters at 1,9 0pm and 3 0pm.............................................. 23 22 Respirable dust samples collected at three sampling rates (first test run) ....................... 24 23 Respirable dust samples collected at three sampling rates (first test run) ....................... 24 24 Total dust samples collected at three sampling rates (second test run)........................... 25 25 Total dust samples collected at three sampling rates (second test run)............................25 26 Respirable and total dust samples collected at three sampling rates (first test run) ... 26 27 Respirable and total dust samples collected at three sampling rates (second test run) . 26 28 Respirable and total dust, shielded and unshielded, (normal) collected on 13 mm filters at 1,5 0pm................................................................................................................................... 29 29 Respirable and total dust, shielded and unshielded (normal), collected on 13 mm filters at 1,9 0pm................................................................................................................................... 29 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: jVw^gap326jq> (ix) LIST OF FIGURES cont 30 Respirable and total dust, shielded and unshielded (normal), collected on 25 mm filters at 3 Ipm.......................................................................................................................................... 30 31 Respirable dust, shielded and unshielded (normal) collected at three sampling rates .. 30 32 Total dust, shielded and unshielded (normal), collected at three sampling rates......... 31 33 Respirable dust, shielded and unshielded (normal), collected at 1,5 Ipm on 13 mm filters .......................................................................................................................................... 31 34 Respirable dust, shielded and unshielded (normal), collected at 1,9 Ipm on 25 mm filters ..........................................................................................................................................32 35 Respirable dust, only shielded, collected at three sampling rates ..................................... 32 36 Respirable dust, unshielded (normal), collected at three sampling rates..........................33 37 Respirable dust, unshielded (normal), collected at 1,5 Ipm and1,9 Ipm.......................... 33 38 Respirable dust, unshielded (normal), collected at 1,5 Ipm and 3 Ipm............................ 34 39 Respirable dust, shielded and unshielded (normal), collected at1,5 Ipm........................... 34 40 Respirable dust, shielded and unshielded (normal), collected at1,9 Ipm...........................35 41 Respirable dust, shielded and unshielded, collected at 3 Ipm............................................ 35 42 Respirable and total dust, shielded, collected at three sampling rates.............................. 36 43 Respirable and total dust, shielded, collected at three sampling rates.............................. 36 44 Shielded and unshielded respirable dust collected at three sampling rates....................... 37 45 Shielded and unshielded total dust collected at three sampling rates.................................37 46 Sampling pump arrangement for the first filter porosity tests............................................ 38 47 Total dust sampling rate and filter porosity comparison for the first porosity tests ... 39 48 Sampling pump and grid arrangement for the second set ofporosity tests.....................40 49 Total dust sampling rate and filter porosity comparison for the second porosity tests. 42 50 Cumulative dust loads over two hour sample period for 13 mm filters - test 2..............42 51 Cumulative dust loads over two hour sample period for 25 mm 0,8 /xm porosity filters - test 2................................................................................................................................................... 43 52 Cumulative dust loads over two hour sample period for 25 mm filters - test 2..............43 53 Dust concentrations for 15 minute periods for 13mm - 1,2 /xm, 25 mm - 0,8 /xm porosity filters-test 2 ............................................................................................................................ 44 54 Dust concentrations for all filters tested over two hour sample period - test 2..............44 55 Continuous trace ofaerosol concentrations measured by a tyndallometer .....................55 56 Short duration dust samplmg - mine 1 - slope 2...................................................................62 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j%ie^>326.rtp M LIS Of mGlikES corn.... 57 Short duration dust sampling - Tyndallometer survey - mine 1 -stope 2 ........................ 63 58 Short duration dust sampling - mine 1 - stope 82............................................................... 64 59 Comparison ofthe different sampling modes (mine 1)...................................................... 65 60 Comparison of short duration and traverse samples (mine 1)........................................... 66 61 Comparison of short duration and integrated samples (mine 1).......................................66 62 Comparison of short duration and full shift samples (mine 1)........................................... 67 63 Comparison ofintegrated samples and traverse samples (mine 1) .................................. 67 64 Comparison ofintegrated samples and full shift samples (mine 1) .................................. 68 65 Comparison oftraverse samples and full shift samples (mine 1).......................................68 66 Comparison ofgravimetric and konimeter samples stope 1 (mine1)............................... 69 67 Comparison ofgravimetric and konimeter samples stope 3 (mine 1) ..............................69 68 Comparison ofgravimetric and konimeter samples - stope 4 (mine 1)............................ 70 69 Comparison ofgravimetric and konimeter samples - stope 5 (mine 1)............................ 70 70 Comparison ofgravimetric and konimeter samples - stope 6 (mine 1)............................ 71 71 Comparison ofgravimetric and konimeter samples - stope 7 (mine 1)............................ 71 72 Comparison ofgravimetric and konimeter samples - stope 8 (mine 1)............................ 72 73 Comparison of gravimetric and konimeter samples - all stopes (mine 1)..........................72 74 Short duration dust sampling - mine 2 - stope 2..................................................................75 75 Short duration dust sampling - mine 2 - stope 3..................................................................76 76 Short duration dust sampling - Tyndallometer survey- mine 2 - stope 2......................... 77 77 Short duration dust sampling - mine 2 - development ends 1 & 2 .................................. 78 78 Short duration dust sampling - Tyndallometer survey - mine 2 - development ends 1 & 2 ..................................................................................................................................... 79 79 Comparison of average stope 13 nun and 25 mm filters: short duration (mine 2) .... 80 80 Bar chart comparison of average stope 13 mm and 25 mm filters: short duration (mine 2).................................................................................................................................80 81 Comparison of all sampling modes for the first six stopes (mine 2) ................................. 81 82 Comparison ofall sampling modes for the second six stopes (mine 2)............................81 83 Comparison ofaverage short duration (13 mm filters) and traverse samples (mine 2) 82 84 Comparison ofaverage short duration (13 mm filters) and integrated samples (mine 2) 82 85 Comparison ofaverage short duration (13 mm filters) and full shift samples (mine 2) 83 86 Comparison ofaverage short duration (25 nun filters) and traverse samples (mine 2) 83 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\gap326.rq> (xi) iMisiltl nUvt.tKlVTlfolUmKirtcf 87 Comparison of average short duration (25 mm fibers) andintegrated samples (mine 2) 84 88 Comparison of average short duration (25 mm fibers) and full shift samples (mine 2) 84 89 Comparison oftraverse and integrated samples (mine 2) .............................................. 85 90 Comparison oftraverse and full shift samples (mine 2)............................ 85 91 Comparison ofall collected short duration samples: 13 mm filters 1,5 (pm and 25 mm filters 1,9 (pm (mine 2)........................................................................................................................86 92 Frequency distribution of short duration 13 mm filter samples collected at 1,5 (pm (mine 2) .................................................................................................................... 86 93 Frequency distribution of short duration 25 mm filter samples collected at 1,9 (pm (mine 2) ..................................................................................................................................... 87 94 Comparison offrequency distribution for short duration 13 mm filter samples (1,5 (pm) and 25 mm filters (1,9 (pm) (mine 2)..........................................................................................87 95 Comparison of 13 mm filters (1,5 (pm) and 25 mm filters (1,9 (pm) short duration collected in development aids (mine 2).................................................................................................88 96 Short duration dust sampling - mine 3 - slope 2................................................................... 91 97 Short duration dust sampling - mine 3 - slope 9................................................................... 92 98 Short duration dust sampling - Tyndallometer survey mine 3 - slope 9 ........................93 99 Short duration dust sampling - Mine 3 - Development end 3.............................................94 100 Comparison of average short duration 13 mm (1,5 (pm) and 25 mm (1,9 (pm) samples (Mine 3) - slopes ..................................................................................................................... 95 101 Bar chart comparisons of average short duration 13 mm (1,5 (pm) and 25 mm-(1,9 (pm) samples (mine 3) - stopes......................................... 95 102 Comparison of 13 mm filter short duration and traverse samples (mine 3) - stopes .. 96 103 Comparison of 13 mm filter short duration and full shift (mine 3) - stopes..................... 96 104 Comparison of 25 mm filter short duration and traverse samples (mine 3) - stopes .. 97 105 Comparison of 25 mm filter short duration and full shift samples (mine 3) - stopes .. 97 106 Comparison oftraverse and full shift samples (mine 3) - stopes....................................... 98 107 Comparison of all sampling modes for the first six slope samples (mine 3)..................... 98 108 Comparison of all sampling modes for the second six slope samples (mine 3)..............99 109 Frequency distribution of 13 mm short duration slope samples (mine 3) ....................... 99 110 Frequency distribution of 25 mm short duration slope samples (mine 3) ................... 100 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\gsp326jcp (xii) LIST OF FIGURES cont.... Ill Comparison of frequency distribution of 13 mm and 25 mm short duration stope samples (mine 3) .............................................................................................................................. 100 112 Comparison of all 13 mm and 25 mm short duration stope samples (mine 3)........ 101 113 Comparison of 13 mm and 25 mm short duration development end samples (mine 3) .............................................................................................................................. 101 114 Short duration dust sampling - mine 4 - stope 1............................................................ 104 115 Short duration dust sampling - Tyndallometer survey - mine 4 - stope 1 .................... 105 116 Short duration dust sampling - mine 4 - stope 4...............................................................106 117 Short duration dust sampling - Tyndallometer survey - mine 4 - stope 4 .................... 107 118 Short duration dust sampling - mine 4 - development end 1........................................ 108 119 Short duration dust sampling - Tyndallometer survey - mine 4 - development 1 .... 109 120 Comparison of 13 mm and 25 mm short duration samples - development end (Mine 4)............................................................................................................................... 110 121 Comparison oftotal and respirable dust samples for 13 mm filters (Mine 4)........110 122 Continuous dust level trace with transient peak exposures....................................... 122 123 Comparison of occupational exposures - CSIR: Mining Technology data - mine 1 . 143 124 Comparison of occupational exposures - mine data - mine 1 ..........................................143 125 Comparison ofaverage occupational exposures - CSIR: Mining Technology and minedata - mine 1.............................................................................................................................. 144 126 Frequency distribution of occupational exposures - CSIR: Mining Technology data - mine 1.............................................................................................................................. 144 127 Frequency distribution of occupational exposures mine data - mine 1.................. 145 128 Comparison occupational exposures - CSIR: Mining Technology data - mine 2 .... 152 129 Comparisons of occupational exposures - mine data - mine 2 .................................... 152 130 Comparison of average occupational exposures - CSIR: Mining Technology and mine data-mine 2................................................................................................................... 153 131 Frequency distribution of occupational exposures -CSIR: Mining Technology data - mine 2............................................................................................................................ 153 132 Frequency distribution of occupational exposures - mine data - mine 2................. 154 133 Comparison of occupational exposures - CSIR: Mining Technology data - mine 3 . 158 134 Frequency distribution of occupational exposures - CSIR: Mining Technology data - mine 3................................................................................................................................... 158 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\nie\gap326.rcp (xiii) LIST OF FIGURES cont 135 Comparison ofoccupational exposures - CSIR: Mining Technology data - urine 4 . 162 136 Frequency distribution of occupational exposures - CSIR: Mining Technology data, mine 4..................................................................................................................................... 162 137 Comparison ofoccupational exposure data- all mines surveyed- CSIR: Mining Technology and mine data ................................................................................................... 163 138 Frequency distribution ofoccupational exposures - all mines surveyed - CSIR: Mining Technology data....................................................................................................... 163 139 Frequency distribution ofoccupational exposures - all mines surveyed - mine data . 164 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: jturi0p326.iq> (xiv) 1. Ten? opuenoN A previous SIMGAP project, GAP0460), showed that large variations exist in dust levels and quartz concentrations for a given person on a shift to shift basis. These large variations were also identified at fixed position samplers in working areas at representative places, and poor correlation was found between results obtained at representative places and between those for personal monitors in the same working place during the same shift. In addition, correlation between personal samplers, ie. for dust exposures ofdifferent persons during the same shift in the same working places, was also poor. These findings were applicable to both underground and surface workings. In the Government Mining Engineer's (GME) (now known as the Chief Inspector of Mines) personal gravimetric dust sampling programme(2) full shift samples are collected on selected personnel from which 8 hour Time Weighted Average (TWA) dust concentrations are determined. This is essentially an averaging process and any very high or peak dust concentrations thus go undetected and unreported. This present sampling technique and strategy has thus not been effective in identifying high personal or high workplace dust levels. When dust sampling with konimeters was abolished, all official monitoring ofworkplace dust levels ceased. Since dust sampling (personal) is implemented mainly to calculate a "risk" on which a levy is based, official reporting on workplace dust levels also ceased. While it is true that some mines unofficially re-instated konimeter sampling as an aid to determining and controlling dust emission, most mines only do what is required by law. No dust levels are being entered on environmental engineering reports, nor are they required. The results of limited short duration dust sampling tests were reported in SIMGAP Project GAP046 and it was proposed that a short duration gravimetric dust sampling technique be developed that can address shortcomings in the present dust sampling strategy and still make use ofdust sampling equipment already acquired by mines. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: jVue*gap326.np Page 1 of293 The present gravimetric dust sampling programme has not yielded results that are meaningful for risk calculations nor for equitable risks. Furthermore, the results are not meaningful for dust control in the workplace, for evaluating control measures, nor for identifying individuals, workplace or operations with unsatisfactory exposure or dust levels. The reports submitted to the GME are also unsatisfactory for epidemiological research or studies, mainly due to the fact that data are generated with respect to various mining activities and not for specific occupations. Previous occupational dust surveys, although thorough, were carried out on an industry basis by a very small team, the Pneumoconiosis Research Unit (PRU). Monitoring equipment included konimeters and thermal precipitators, which gave dust concentrations in terms of a particle count (ppm2) and modified thermal precipitators (MTP) which gave results in terms of respirable surface area (RSA). For epidemiological studies, internationally, these measuring units are no longer accepted and the konimeter and the MTP cannot monitor continuously. Continuous monitoring is considered to be fundamental to personal exposure determination as are exposures and doses in terms of mass concentrations. At present, estimation of exposure still relies heavily on the results of the previous occupational dust surveys conducted almost 40 years ago and which were not truly eight- hour personal exposures nor were all working groups represented. In addition, no reliable conversion exists for changing from one set of measuring units to another. Whereas previous surveys were conducted with, what is now apparent, inappropriate instrumentation, industry is now fully equipped with gravimetric dust samplers, developed to operate at a constant flow rate and measure shift long exposures. The infrastructure is also already in place to routinely conduct occupational dust surveys for all occupations and all population groups. The project reported on here was thus carried out to develop a method of short term dust sampling to assist with the identification of unsatisfactory dust levels in workplaces, to test the effectiveness of remedial actions and to investigate occupational dust sampling for a limited number of occupations using personal samplers and the infrastructure already in place. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\gap326.rep Page 2 of 293 No definitive work has been carried out on the effect ofpump orientation on sampling results. A limited study on this aspect was therefore included in this investigation. It was visualized that dust masses collected over a 12- 15 minute sampling period could be very low. To improve the dust mass to fiber mass ratio, 13 mm diameter filters were used on the preliminary trials which were conducted under the auspices of SIMGAP Project GAP046. However, it was considered necessary to experiment with different filter diameters and porosity and different pump flow rates to determine the best combination for short duration dust sampling. During the present investigation, a special interest group met with CSIR: Mining Technology on several occasions to discuss results and the objectives and direction of the project. The group comprised members from the Department of Minerals and Energy, the Sub-committee of Group Environmental Engineers, and unions. At one stage the project suffered a two month delay while a separate study was made ofpossible dust monitors and sampling methods, and comparisons were made with other reported results. The impact ofthis delay was that the number of surveys had to be reduced. The interest group requested that copies ofmine personal gravimetric dust sampling reports be obtained and the results of occupational dust exposures reported by mines be compared with results produced during this investigation. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: jWp326.rcp Page 3 of293 A. TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS 2. ORIENTATION TESTS Dining previous investigations (SIMGAP GAP046) it w*s noted that sampling pomps were not always worn in die upright orientation. The pumps are often at an incline, sometimes horizontal and even completely inverted The effects on sampling resuks of various pump orientations were not known and, since the occurrence ofnon standard is widespread and common throughout the industry, a few orientation tests were included m this investigation. In addition to pump orientation, there are circumstances, also very common in the industry, when the wearer ofthe pump has his back to the airstream or in some other manner shields the pump. During the second set oftests the effects ofshielding as well as orientation were checked. 2.1. Test sites The first set oftests was conducted downstream ofan underground tip and the second set oftests, with took place in a main underground return airway at a different mine. 2.2 Methodology A portable sampling grid made from flat bars was made up from a "meccano set" type ofstructure. The grid had 300 mm centres. The structure was rigid enough to support the sampling pumps but offered little resistance to air flow. Once the grid had been erected at the sampling site , conventional sampling pumps with standard 10 mm cyclones were suspended at specific points in the grid and in different orientations ie feeing upwards (normal), sideways or completely inverted. Two tests were conducted at each test site. At the second test site pumps were tested under normal conditions (not shielded) and also when shielded. The shielding was introduced to reduce the air flow over the pumps and thereby simulate conditions when the wearer has his back to the airflow or in some other way obstructs the flow ofair over the punp. The tests allowed comparisons to be made not only on the basis ofdifferent orientations but also between PROJECT NO: Y2401 FtLENAM&jtoMtopmi^) shielded and unshielded sampling results. The layout of the sampling grid and pump orientation pattern are shown in Figure 1 where the arrow heads indicate pump orientation direction. Airflow velocities at the test sites were measured using anemometers. ENVIRONMETAL CONDITIONS ORIENTATION TEST 1 (Day 1) TIME 09h35 09h55 10h15 10h35 tOhSS 11htO 11h25 Uh 35 VELOCITY m/s 1.2 11 14 1.1 12 1.4 13 13 WB/OB dsgC 30 S/31 5 31.0/32 0 307/32.0 31.0/32.7 31 0/32.5 30 7/32.0 30 6/31.8 30 7/31 7 -A---- ----- T --- A~----- ------- REMARKS: Loco at lip @ 09h20 to 09h35 Loco at tip 09h40 to 09h5S Loco at tip (9 10h35 to 10M5 Frame dimensions 1700 m 1700mm ORIENTATION - TEST 2 tOav 1) TIME 09h00 09h20 09h40 lOhOO 10h20 10h40 IlhOO 11h15 VELOCITY m/s 1.5 16 1.6 17 17 1.7 1.6 1.6 WB/OB d*aC 30 0/31.0 30 5/31.5 30.5/31.5 10.7/32.0 30 5/31.7 30.4/320 30.5/31.7 30 5/31.7 REMARKS: Loco at Up (Q 09hSS to lOhOO Loco at tip @ 10h30 to 10h4S Loco at bp (Q 1IhOO to 11h25 A Up portion T Side ponton Oo*n position Figure 1 SAMPLING GRID AND PUMP ORIENTATION .3 Results Results ofthe monitoring exercises are set out in Table 1 and Figures 2 to 5 for the first orientation test and in Table 2 and Figures 6 to 9, for the second test. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 5 of 293 Table 1 RESULTS OF FIRST ORIENTATION TESTS DOWNSTREAM OF A TIP ORIENTATION UPWARDS AVERAGE SIDEWAYS AVERAGE DOWNWARDS AVERAGE TEST 1 malm' 1.517 1.402 1.525 1.741 1.546 1.494 1.727 1.543 1.655 1.605 1.589 1.626 1.735 1.853 1.701 TEST 2 mo/m5 0.984 0.758 0.981 0.940 0.916 0.817 0.932 0.966 1.140 0.964 0.862 0.869 1.024 1.061 0.954 < DUST CONCENTRATION m g /m UPWARDS SIDEWAYS V//X DOWNWARDS Figure 2 TEST 1 - FIRST SET OF ORIENTATION TESTS PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\suc\gsp326.rep Page 6 of 293 DUST CONCENTRATION m g /in 1.1 UPWARDS |~X\\1 SIDEWAYS V//A DOWNWARDS Figure 3 TEST 2 - FIRST SET OF ORIENTATION TESTS DUST CONCENTRATION m g /m ~ 3 Figure 4 FIRST ORIENTATION SET - FIRST TEST WITH ORIENTATIONS GROUPED PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:todpp326.np Page 7 of 293 / i i 1u i 1 in t j f i i v t i i ).. > i : i ' n "] Figures FIRST ORIENTATION SET - SECOND TEST WITH ORIENTATIONS GROUPED Table 2 RESULTS OF SECOND SET OF ORIENTATION TESTS ORIENTATION TESTS - NORMAL AND SHIELDED || UNSHIELDED m/m* SHIELDED u*/m' POSITION | UPWARDS | SIDEWAYS | DOWNWARDS UPWARDS | SIDEWAYS | DOWNWARDS FIRST TESTS 1 4.67 2.07 2.56 1.54 2.16 2 1.77 2.27 1.92 1.33 1.52 1.49 3 2.21 2.03 1.S2 1.44 1.42 1.29 4 2.34 2.77 0.36 1.28 2.96 S 2.63 2.39 2.43 2.16 1.35 6 1.58 1.48 Avctate Sid Dev 2.73 2.35 1.01 0.29 1.16 1.60 0.71 0.33 1.73 0.56 1.61 0.33 Minimum 1.77 2.03 0.36 1.28 1.33 1.29 Maximum 4.67 2.77 2.36 2.16 2.96 2.16 SECOND TESTS 1 4.21 2 1.34 1.70 I.6S 1.51 1.74 1.62 1.70 1.39 1.62 1.99 1.72 3 1.61 1.63 1.57 1.86 1.39 2.63 4 1.63 1.96 1.74 1.67 4.93 5 1.73 1.73 1.72 1.78 6 0.66 1.77 1.46 1.63 1.72 Avente Std Dev 2.25 1.36 1.13 0.42 1.64 1.70 0.10 0.12 1.61 0.12 2.60 1.21 Minimum 1.54 0.66 1.31 1.46 1.39 1.72 Maximum 4.21 1.96 1.77 1.86 1.78 4.93 PROJECT NO: Y240I FILE KAMB: j:\wdag326.wp l^iteriU DUST CONCENTRATION m g /m < UP Unshielded SAMPLING POSITION |\\^\\| UP Shielded K^/SX SIDE Unshielded |\ \| DOWN Unshielded [X/\ DOWN Shielded [X/vj SIDE Shielded Figure 6 TEST 1 - SECOND SET OF ORIENTATION TESTS DUST CONCENTRATION m g /m ~ 3 UP Unshielded SAMPLING POSITION [-XSS] UP Shielded X/'/'/A SIDE Unshielded [\ \] DOWN Unshielded \//\ DOWN Shielded pK^X] SIDE Shielded Figure 7 TEST 2 - SECOND SET OF ORIENTATION TESTS PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\suc\gap326.rcp Page 9 of 293 DUST CONCENTRATION m g /m < 1 Figure 8 SECOND ORIENTATION SET - FIRST TEST WITH ORIENTATIONS OROUEEP DUST CONCENTRATION m g / m '3 UPWAROS I DOWNWARDS I SIDEWAYS I SIDEWAYS UPWARDS DOWNWARDS UNSHIELDED SHIELDED Figure 9 SECOND ORIENTATION _ SET - .SECOND TEST WITH ORIENTATIONS GROUPED PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME'j:\M^p336jq> Page 10 of293 2.4 Discussion 2.4.1 First set oforientation tests Figures 2 and 3 indicate that there does not appear to be any bias towards a particular orientation. In Figures 4 and S the results ofparticular orientations were grouped for assistance in visual evaluation. Once again no particular bias is evident. Under practical, operating conditions dust concentrations at the measuring site would not be expected to be uniform or homogeneous. It was considered that results from an actual site would hold more relevance than those that may be obtained under artificial conditions in a dust duct. 2.4.2 Second set of orientation tests Unshielded and shielded results for the different orientations are shown side by side for the two tests in this set of observations - Figure 6 & 7. Once again no particular bias towards a particular orientation can be defined. This becomes much clearer when the different orientations are grouped and shielded and unshielded results are separated. This is shown graphically in Figures 8 and 9. Although some individual results were found to be higher than the majority of all the others, and some were found to be lower, (Figures 6 - 9), it was not always the same sampler that gave a high or a low result. The aberations are more likely to be due to the non-homogeneous nature ofthe dust "cloud" being sampled and the sampling position on the grid than to differences due to eother to pump orientation or shielding. The unshielded results, for particular orientations, appear to be higher than the shielded results for Test 1, which is what would be expected. This is shown in Figure 8. However, this distinction cannot be seen for the second test's results (Figure 9) where differences are not clearly discernible. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: jVie\gap326.rep Page 11 of 293 2.5 Conchiaons Although individual dust concentrations for a particular orientation may be noticeably higher than other dust concentrations, there does not appear to be any recognisable differences in results between any ofthe orientations. No particular bias can be found in results of shielded and unshielded samples. The randomness of the results, in collaboration with non-uniform or non- homogeneous dust concentrations at the test site, and diflerenl sampling positions on the grid suggest strongly that orientation of sampling pumps has little or no influence on results. Similariy, from the results ofthe limited tests conducted, measured concentrations do not appear to be affected one way or the other by shielding. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE SAME: jWgq>336.nv Page 13 of393 3. SAMPLING RATES. FILTER SIZES AND POROSITY This part ofthe investigation was aimed at assessing/evaluating various sampling rates, filter sizes and porosity to support recommendations on the most acceptable and viable sampling strategy. On anticipation ofa possible sampling period ofbetween 12 - IS minutes it followed that only small amounts of dust would be collected on the filter. For this reason smaller diameter filters than those usually used, ie 13 mm diameter, were experimented with. These fibers were only available with a porosity of 1,2 fim but this was considered to be acceptable as it would prevent premature choking ofthe filters in very dusty conditions. The maximum practical sampling rate that can be handled through such a filter was found in laboratory tests to be 1,5 {pm1*. However, a change to this size filter, even if only for short duration samples to determine workplace dust levels, would represent a considerable change to current sampling equipment and, furthermore, the purchase of a balance capable ofmeasuring one /zg (ie. 10'6g) would also become necessary to improve accuracy. It was therefore deemed necessary to investigate other sampling rates and filter sizes. Filter porosity tests were conducted in order to determine whether or not the porosity of the filters would influence dust concentrations, particularly for the short duration samples. A mix of respirable and total dust samples did not give clear indications of porosity suitability, particularly because the cyclones used on the smaller cassettes appeared to be a mismatch. It was therefore decided to conduct porosity tests on total dust samples only. It became clear that the removal ofthe stopper from the cassette to give total dust did not yield reliable results and consequently tests were repeated with open face cassettes. I* Throughout this report the notation of(pm is meant to indicate a flow rate of litres per minute. The notation is commonly used in Industry, trade literature and In some overseas literature. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: jVue\gap326.rcp Page 13 of293 Two sets ofmonitoring exercises were conducted at each oftwo different sites, both in major returns from sections but not in Return Airways. Each exercise was carried out on a different day. Porosity tests were conducted at a third rite, which was at a specific process at a surface location. 3.2 Methodology Sampling pumps were fitted with: a) 13 mm diameter filters, 1,2 ytm porosity and adjusted for a flow rate of 1,5 (pm. It was not feasible to sample at a higher flow rate for this particular filter. Respirable and total dust samples were collected. b) 25 mm diameter filters, 1,2 fjm porosity and adjusted to sample at 1,9 (pm (standard). Both respirable and total dust samples were collected. c) 25 mm diameter filter, 0,8 /im porosity (standard) and adjusted to sample at 1,9 (pm. Both respirable and total dust samples were collected. Four pumps of each configuration were arranged in a sampling grid. The investigation was aimed at assessing the performance ofdifferent filter sizes and porosity and different flow rates. In addition, the suitability of respirable and total dust samples were also evaluated for possible short duration sampling. The sampling grid, described in Section 2.2, was erected at the selected sites. Sampling pumps were suspended as shown in Figure 10, which also shows typical environmental conditions for two ofthe test runs for interest. PROJECT NO: Y3401 FILE NAME; jWpp326.np Page M of 193 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS TEST 1 (Dav 11 TIME VELOCITY m/s 09036 3.0 10008 3.0 10037 3.0 10049 3.0 11h19 3.0 WB/DB dsgC 29.0/35 0 29.5/34.7 29.5/34.6 29.0/34.8 28.9/34.6 FLOWRATES (Ipm) TT-------TT-----TT----i $ '--TT-------TT-----TT------- TT--TT------ TT---- TT------ TT- TEST 2 (Dav 1) TIME VELOCITY m/s 09020 1.7 09050 1.5 10015 1.4 10026 2.0 10045 2.8 11005 28 . WB/DB etegC 30.7/32.1 30.5/32.0 30.3/32.0 29.0/31.0 26.2/29.5 26.4/29.2 FLOWRATES (Ipm) Figure 10 SAMPLING GRID AND PUMP ARRANGEMENTS FOR TWO TEST RUNS During the first monitoring set. Test 1, site 1, five test runs were made with the sampling rates and respirable/total dust sampling configuration shown in Figure 11. All individual test runs were made over 15-20 minutes. A total of 12 samples was collected for each run. A second monitoring exercise. Test 2, at the same site, featured six test runs. The sampling rates and pump configuration are shown in Figure 12. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\aue\gpp326xep Pag* 15 of293 TEST HOW n t t ir ar i* g hiphim jTj TOT*. Figure 11 MQ1 ivbjuic G EXERCISE 1 TEST i. SAMPLING RATES ANP PUMP CONFIGURATION TBTIBW..H MRtan -0-|E jr. Ur_ -0--0--5 '-E--E- H MiKim -0--0M5--0--,E ttfiRwi jj iNONMU Figure 12 MONITORING EXERCISE 1. TEST 2 . SAMPLING RATES AND PUMP CONFIGURATION PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\auripp326jap Page 16 of293 Hie monitoring exercise was repeated at a different mine but the sampling grid, sampling rate and pump configuration were kept identical Sampling times were also kept unchanged. Porosity tests were conducted at a surface locality for two different porosity filters viz 0,8 fum and 1,2 fjm and two different sampling rates viz 1,5 fpm and 1,9 {pm. Tests lasted 15 minutes and 60 minutes. Only total dust samples were collected and this was done by removing the stoppers from the cassettes. These times were chosen firstly because it was anticipated that short duration sampling would be conducted over 15 minute periods and, secondly, to make comparisons offour successive 15 minute samples with a single one hour sample. A second set ofporosity tests was conducted at the surface site, similar to the first test, but included 120 minute samples. For these tests open face fibers were used to collect total dust. 3.3 Results 3.3.1 Monitoring Exercise 1 The results ofthe two exercises are shown in Table 3 and are presented graphically in Figures 13 - 27. The data for both tests were used to compare the use of: a) total and respirable dust samples on the same size filters (same flow rates) b) respirable dust collection on different size filters and different flow rates c) respirable dust collection on filters at different flow rates d) total dust samples on different size filters and different flow rates e) total dust collection on filters at different flow rates f) total and respirable dust collection on the same size filters but with different flow rates. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: jWe\gap326.rq> Page 17 of293 ;j i es. e3c a M 9 !sl & I *S fN ; O' I , N o o oo o 1*2 P S 5 Pi --' -- d IPW^T1 p E p sf s dd--do PNa**a?<0* f > t2 3 -- --' $' oo -- o -- w -- f O wm r<3r *n rt fF mn> ^ fai > pn-> 6 o-- o -- -- , 6* V j m *-- <o ss %*-m n-- rJ -onJ RESULTS OF THE FIRST SET OF M O N ITO RING EXERCISES l a a Tnnmr Sn3 -- --d d l pN o-- oO pOk ,F> W *' -` i5 W 3 od--o S<o m kra -d-o sT "PrI ,: ri- - w NON -4 THf aa.rWf mp\M-,nWfn*. ..yn..V W H t * r* -- a ^ 'S'; 15 g| oo -- -- -- -- O -- -- ri u 2 e US <5H 8 2 51 o-- o O** Y-- S 8isss 8 NON f*J sisi NON fd II "*V.W2...pSiitrCf*iTi: 'p'SO1".'I '^*r*.w*oj <o lje--r|... M1 Wm do do oooo Si0 ^--; 0 w; aNi;io# ' m--g^mf-%<': iyn1 -jO > <H a <3 ri I oa r-*9* j n9 NoN oooo ^^N rN--^^Nfo o odd oN O nM ^. N p< n l pi N nP\ --o "<STt'.gf*l""'S--''"'g-- .. i||rSr-anr.>'S--... a g-sNsgN ^N--rs[ nA; rgN'sfs^ 6 O 0:6 1 ...o....d....d.. i --^ -- O' -- ' ise. ^ 11 2 -- GO O-t *NN* aN o do o uA;>0 ; 5 8F 3t sN s(S f O O | . , --. -- O f* -- -- a<A ^$ sn a|| N CH .3/) | & li i u o-=^S3 Q . 'ia J ?;ll|t-a 1 3! * j -3 Table 3 PROJECT NO: Y3401 RLE NAME; j:\w^p3M.np Pgel8ofl93 An examination of the results presented show apparently little distinction between total dust and respirable dust concentrations, as sampled. Also, the effect of using mismatched equipment, eg 13 mm diameter fiber but with a 25 mm cyclone (even with a part of the slot blanked off to ensure the same tangential velocity for the lower sampling rate of 1,5 fpm) are evident. The sampling train consisting of a 25 mm filter and a 25 mm cyclone operated at a flow rate of 1,9 (pm (reference sampling train) consistently gave higher dust concentrations than the 13 mm filters with 25 mm cyclones operated at 1,5 (pm. The reference sampling train also consistently gave higher remits than the 25 mm filter and 25 mm cyclones operated at 3 (pm o *0 < Sa a j i j D D Q ai_______ i_______ i_______ i_______ i_______ i_______ i___ 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 RESPIRABLE DUST mg/m~3 Figure 13 RESPIRABLE OUST AND TOTAL DUST FOR 13 mm FILTERS WIIH A SAMPLING RATE OF 1.5 (pm TOTAL DUST m g /m o a a PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:Wu^p326jq> Page 19 of293 1 9 Ipm 2 5 m m FILTERS m ,j/m 3,5 3u C a 25 o a a a a DO 0.5 o a a o i________ 1___________ I___________ 1_________ L 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 1.5 1pm 13mm FILTERS mg/m~3 3.5 3 0 Ip m 2 5 m m FILTERS m i) / m 3` Figure 14 RESPIRABLE DUST COLLECTED ON 13 mm FILTERS (1.5 tom) AND 25 mm FILTERS (19 fpnri 3-3 ------------------------------------------------------------ ?------------------------------- 3 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + 2 Jt +* v + ' I 0 0.5 1 1 ++ 1 1.5 2 2.5 i 3 3.5 1.5 Ipm 13mm FILTERS mg/m"3 Figure IS RESPIRABLE DUST CQLLE 25 mm FILTERS (3 fpml 13 mm FILTERS (I.S Ipm) AND PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: jitaMe*33&iq> P*fe20af293 1.9 Ipm 25 m m FILTERS m g /m 3.5 10 < 2.5 -cr 1.5 i j- La-0------Q_ O 0.5 0.5 1.5 2.5 1.5 Ipm 13mm FILTERS mg/m*3 3.5 Figure 16 TOTAL DUST COLLECTED ON 13 mm FILTERS fl.5 fpml AND 25 mm FILTERS (1.9 fpm) 3 .0 Ipm 2 5 m m FILTERS m g /m ~ 3 + + + + + -f- + + .+ + '+++ + ++ _______ 1_______ 1_______ 1_______ 1_______ 1_______ 1_______ 1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 1.5 Ipm 13mm FILTERS mg/m~3 Figure 17 TOTAL DUST COLLECTED ON 13 mm FILTERS (1.5 fpml AND 25 mm FILTERS (3 fpmt PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\aue\gap326jtp Page 21 of 293 TOTAL DUST m g /m 3.5 >0 2.5 ( -cr 2 --------------------- -----------------------------o 1.5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 a. n--a 0.5 o 0 -------------------------1---------------1--------------- -----------------1------------------1---------------1L_ 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 RESPIRABLE DUST mg/m~3 Figure 18 RESPIRABLE DUST AND TOTAL DUST COLLECTED ON 25 mm FILTERS (1.9 foml TOTAL DUST m g /rr.-'J RESPIRABLE DUST mg/m'3 Figure 19 RESPIRABLE DUST AND TOTAL DUST COLLECTED ON 2$ imn FILTERS Qlpm) PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\N4pp326jvp Page 22 of293 -3 Ipm m g /m 3.5 O 10 < o 5Q a o o I1 U 1 11111111 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 1.9 Ipm mg/m~3 3.5 Figure 20 RESPIRABLE DUST COLLECTED ON 25 mm FILTERS AT 1.9.tom AND 3 Ipm 3 Ipm m g /m AJ 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 1.9 Ipm mg/m"3 Figure 21 TOTAL DUST COLLECTED ON 25 mm FILTERS AT 1.9 tom AND 3 Ipm PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME j:\we\pp326.rep Page 23 of293 OUST CONCENTRATION m g /m 3.5 2 R8&3 13mm O 1.5 Ipm [XJ<] 25mm t 1.9 Ipm TEST NUMBER 13 mm O 1.5 Ipm |\ \J 25mm O 3 Ipm 25mm O 1.9 Ipm (X/\ 25mm O 3 Ipm Figure 22 RESPIRABLE DUST SAMPLES COLLECTED AT THREE SAMPLING RATES (FIRST TEST RIJN^ DUST CONCENTRATION m g /m ~ 3 13 mm 1.5 Ipm KX1 25 mm 1.9 Ipm TEST NUMBER PXSXI 13 mm 1.5 Ipm S3 25 mm O 3 Ipm 25 mm 1.9 Ipm 1ZZ1 25 mm O 3 Ipm Figure 23 RESPIRABLE DUST SAMPLES COLUECTED AT THREE SAMPLING RATES (FIRST TEST RUN^ PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\w^p326jq) Page 24 of293 7 K> < E DUST CONCENTRATION m g /i DUST CONCENTRATION m g /m ~ 3 13mm O 1.5 Ipm KX| 25mm t 1.9 Ipm TEST NUMBER ^ 13 mm O 1.5 Ipm [\\J 25mm Q 3 Ipm y/ZX 25mm 9 1.9 Ipm /\ 25mm 9 3 Ipm Figure 24 TOTAL DUST SAMPLES COLLECTED AT THREE SAMPLING RATES (SECOND TEST RIJW 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 1 234 iOQj 13mm 9 1.5 Ipm [XJXl 25mm 9 1.9 Ipm TEST NUMBER 13 mm Q 1.5 Ipm |\\| 25mm 9 3 Ipm 56 X///A 25mm O 1.9 Ipm \//\ 25mm 9 3 Ipm Figure 25 TOTAL DUST SAMPLES COLLECTED AT THREE SAMPLING RATES (SECOND TEST RUN1 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:Wie\gap326rqp Page 25 of293 L>U 'il C O N C l N 1RATION m g / t n " 3.5 3 <o 2.5 T Y* DUST CONCENTRATION m g /m ~ 3 Figure 26 RESPIRABLE AND TOTAL DUST SAMPLES COLLECTED AT THREE SAMPLING RATES (FIRST TEST RUN) 4.5 3.5 2.5 0.5 13mm 1.5 Ipm ! 25mm 0 3 Ipm 25mm O 1.9 Ipm RESPIRABLE 25mm O 1.9 Ipm I 13mm 01.5 Ipm 25mm O 3 Ipm TOTAL Figure 27 RESPIRABLE AND TOTAL DUST SAMPLES COLLECTED AT THREE SAMPLING RATES (SECOND TEST RUN) PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:1aue\gap326.rcp Page 26 of293 3.3.2 Monitoring Exercise 2 In this series of tests respirable and total dust samples were collected at the three different sampling rates and, in addition, pumps were both shielded and unshielded. The results ofthis monitoring exercise are set out in Table 4 and presorted graphically in Figures 28 - 45. In this part ofthe investigation respirable and total dust samples, for comparison, were collected on a common fiber size, at different flow rates. Both shielded and normal (unshielded) samples were collected. The results again indicate little difference between respirable dust samples and total dust samples. In studying the effects ofshielding, contrary to expectations, the shielded samples appear to yield higher results than the unshielded (normal) samples. The absence of "flushing" ventilation could be responsible for this result. Once again no clear cut differences between total dust and respirable dust samples are evident - probably due to the fact that course particles had settled out before the air reached the sampling test zone. PROJECT NO: Y3401 FILE NAME: j3sue\gap326.rep Page 27 of 293 1 Tout Dust 1 1 0 .8 IC | RESULTS QE T H E SECOND SET QF M O N ITO R IN G EXERCISES S H IE L D E D s O <ci E UE c Z e Mo 0 8 u <Cl | so s E .3 <A wt> E ul 3 u tS | 1 U. a cv I% 61 E o Ze '5M. <ct tS u 9 usE aE .s C/J hua E 3 u <2 l 1 E * 1 <ci E <3 E V Zc 'a. u* * <3 & Cl < E 3 E .3 </) he ea 3 u o55 6o. 1 e ha * 2E g 0q0 dw> t0o0 os COdtl dOd c4 d d d<0 U rt dCJ od 1 1 Cl d dd P* d COdln d M Cl eo d too o dd C0o0l i d Cl Cdl rttoo* 5q d Cl tdo H q Cdl cNi Ot 00 ttoo n q dq to d td-oo N | qd 3 to od o 8 ci q OO q d n q | ci ci d Cl T q t0o0 dto d Cd00l CcCll dCOtl dto dd Sdi tdo CdCll y Cl odd Oo0o0t sC| 8d odc od Oqt 8 0d0 C| o od to s to d 8 dCl dd Cd| tqo & to oo o Ctdol C| Cdl o Cql CCll SCI| q Cl 00 oo ddOt d tdqo od y q Odt 8 d od 00Cl s Cddl 8 q od 00* h | a 1 3 is UNSHIELDED SAM PLERS Cl 2 0C0l d o OCql dCl ci qooc <0 s d 8 ci r* Cl Oq Cl ci Cl CtOl tO d 00 C| Cl 2 od 0C0l "3 d OCtl tO Cl 2 oo SCd)l s Cl o * d C00l do d 3 Cdl 0C0l ci d tdoo todo to d oCol d ci d Cl 3 do 00 d tdO do p> s Cl oo d5j| 5ft --; d d OCtl oo CCClll o dn g oo CCll o ci tCol S{8 Cl oood dd^r cdOi;1 rc--ir dNO o c>; -i o 0n0 00 d d odo 3 dq CCll o d ci ci S o> dd o 0tdo0 00 0C0l do Cl Cndl dOdk ood oo * d d Cdl o dd tO 0C0l dd Ot 8 Ot dd ooo W 00 s o C| q dd dd 0c0i 8 d d F* q tO fdd4 d d 3 S 8d 0C0l o d Cl C Q Zo Ha yp </) O00 E E eo 1 E $ 22 Table 4 I | PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:Wpp326.np Page 28 of293 3 Du s t CONCENTRATION mq/cn DUST C O ^C E N TA TiO* m q / n ^ 3 Figure 28 RESPIRABLE AND TOTAL DUST. SHIELDED AND UNSHIELDED. (NORMAL! COLLECTED ON 13 mm FILTERS AT 1.5 (pm y.yy'] PESPR OUST SHIELDED f>^S) RESPR DUST NORMAL [37Zj :j:al Dust normal f''' ] TOTAL DUST ShiElOED Figure 29 RESPIRABLE AND TOTAL DUST. SHIELDED AND UNSHIELDED (NORMAL!. COLLECTED ON 13 mm FILTERS AT 1.9 (pm PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:Wi*'gap326.rep Page 29 of293 DUST CONCENTRATION m < j/m 3.5 i q it RESPR DUST SHIELDED RESPR OUST NORMAL V j\ total OUST NORMAL V/A total DUST SHIELDED Figure 30 RESPIRABLE AND TOTAL DUST. SHIELDED AND UNSHIELDED fNORMAn COLLECTED ON 25 mm FILTERS AT 3 tom DUST CONCENTRATION m g /m ~ .3 Figure 31 RESPIRABLE DUST. SHIELDED AND UNSHIELDED (NORMAL) COLLECTED AT THREE SAMPLING RATES PROJECT HO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:WM*ep326.rtp Pap 30 of 293 DUST CONCENTRATION m g /m 0 < 13mm 1.5 Ipm Shield [XXJ 25mm 1.9 Ipm Normal [^\\] 13mm 1.5 Ipm Normal |\. \| 25mm 3 Ipm Shield K^Z/X 25mm 1.9 Ipm Shield {//\ 25mm 3 Ipm Normol Figure 32 TOTAL DUST. SHIELDED AND UNSHIELDED (NORMAL! COLLECTED AT THREE SAMPLING RATES Du s t CONCENTRATION m g /m ~ 3 13mm 1.5 Ipm Shield ^\\| 13mm 1.5 Ipm Normol Figure 33 RESPIRABLE DUST. SHIELDED AND UNSHIELDED (NORMAL! COLLECTED AT 1.5 fpm ON 13 mm FILTERS PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\u<Ag*p326.rep Page 31 of293 6 DUST CO NCENTRATIO N m g /m Figure 34 RESPIRABLE DUST. SHIELDED AND UNSHIELDED (NORMAL! COLLECTED AT 1 0 #pm ON 25 mm FILTERS DUST CONCENTRATION rr,g /m ~ 3 1.5 ipm Shield 25mm I.9 Ipm Shield \ n, \| 25mm J ipm Shield Figure 35 RESPIRABLE DUST. ONLY SHIELDED. COLLECTED AT THREE SAMPLING RATES PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:to4a*p32&rq> Page 32 of 293 DuST C O N C E f^R A T iO r Figure 36 RESPIRABLE DUST. UNSHIELDED (NORMAL). COLLECTED AT THREE SAMPLING RATES n -- 2 S m rr\ FILTER \ 9 ip m 3 aa __________i_____ 0 0.5 \ ..... i__________:__________:__________,_________ l_ 1.5 2 : 5 3 35 I jmm Fit ILK 1 5 tprn mq/m~5 Figure 37 RESPIRABLE DUST. UNSHIELDED (NORMAL). COLLECTED AT 1.5 gpm AND 1.9 {pm PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j;\sue\gap326.rep Page 33 of 293 Z'5 m m F il TER J Ip m n Rj __________l__________ I__________ l__________ l__________ 1__________ l__________ 1____ 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 1 Jmm FtLTER 1.5 Ipm mg/m*2 Figure 38 RESPIRABLE DUST. UNSHIELDED INORMALV COLLECTED AT S h iJT.DED UNSHIELDED mq/m~3 Figure 39 RESPIRABLE DUST. SHIELDED AND UNSHIELDED (NORMAL). COLLECTED AT 1.5 {pm PROJECT NO: Y240I FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326j-ep Page 34 of293 SHIELDED m j/m o c 3.5 >1 < 11 1I 1 1 0 12 3 4 5 6 UNSHIELDED mg/m"3 Figure 40 RESPIRABLE DUST. SHIELDED AND UNSHIELDED fNORMALV COLLECTED AT 1.9 tom Sh iEl DED m q /rr\~ 3 D c n _________________ i_________________ i-------------------------- 1-------------------------- 1-- 0 12 3 4 UNSHIELDED mg/m`3 Figure 41 RESPIRABLE DUST. SHIELDED AND UNSHIELDED. COLLECTED AIJipm PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\Mc\gap326jq> Page 35 of293 r 3.5 3 IO < 25 DUST CO NCENTRATIO N r r q / m 0.5 13mm O 1.5 Ipm 25mm 9 3 Ipm 25mm O 1.9 Ipm RESPIRABLE 25mm 9 1.9 Ipm 13mm 0 1.5 Ipm 25mm O 3 Ipm TOTAL Figure 42 RESPIRABLE AND TOTAL DUST. SHIELDED. COLLECTED AT THREE SAMPLING RATES DUST c o n c e n t r a t io n r-<j/m ~ 3 Figure 43 RESPIRABLE AND TOTAL DUST. SHIELDED COLLECTED AT THREE SAMPLING RATES PROJECT NO. Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\au4gp32&iqp Pap 36 of293 D u s * C O IsC f.'jTPATiG N Figure 44 SHIELDED AND UNSHIELDED RESPIRABLE DUST COLLECTED AT THREE SAMPLING RATES Du s t COt-CENTPATiON r - tq /,r ~ S Figure 45 SHIELDED AND UNSHIELDED TOTAL DUST COLLECTED AT THREE SAMPLING BATES PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 37 of 293 3.3.3 Porosity Tests The sampling pump arrangement is shown in Figure 46 for the first test series. Total dust samples were collected by removing the plugs from the cassettes. 13 mm (filter size) 1.2 pm (porosity) 25 mm (filter size) 1.2 pm (porosity) 1 11 1m 1 1 1 fl 11 1n g i1 1 25 mm (filter size) 0.8 pm (porosity) fal 11--------EP i 1 yi nB---------ii i 1---------- Figure 46 SAMPLING PUMP ARRANGEMENT FOR THE FIRST FILTER POROSITY TESTS Shown in Table 5 are the results of the first sampling exercise. Tests were not conducted at a sampling rate of 3 ?pm because it was considered that this flow rate would never be used for full shift monitoring. Also, there did not appear to be any merit in sampling at this high flow rate for short duration monitoring with a mismatched separating cyclone. PROJECT NO Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gpp326.rcp Page 38 of 293 TABLE 5 RESULTS OF THE FIRST FILTER POROSITY TESTS IS MINUTE TESTS STANDARD TOTAL DUST COLLECTION 60 MINUTE TESTS STANDARD TOTAL DUST COLLECTION 13mm l.S Ipm POROSITY 1.2 25mm 1.9 Ipm POROSITY 1.2 25mm 1.9 Ipm POROSITY 0.8 nw/nT3 13mm 1.5 1pm POROSITY 1.2 ms/m"3 25mm 1.9 Ipm POROSITY 1.2 me/m~3 25mm 1.9 1pm POROSITY 0.8 me/nT3 RUN 1 0.343 0.413 1.291 0.698 1.758 0.943 0.649 0.527 0.447 0.85< AVERAGE 0.378 0.995 1.351 0.588 0.652 RUN 2 0.494 0.507 1.640 1.501 1.653 1.992 0.12 0.308 0.447 0.527 0.123 0.565 average 0.501 ____________ U2L 1.823 0.214 0.487 0.344 Figure 47 graphically depicts the results ofthis investigation. Figure 47 TOTAL DUST SAMPLING RATE AND FILTER POROSITY COMPARISON FOR THE FIRST POROSITY TESTS PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\je\gap326.rq> Page 39 of293 Results ofthe second set ofporosity tests are set out in Table 6. In these tests total dust samples were collected as open face samples. The arrangement ofthe sampling pumps and grid is shown in Figure 48. Any given pump was always suspended at only one sampling point. Figure 48 SAMPLING PUMP AND GRID ARRANGEMENT FOR THE SECOND SET OF POROSITY TESTS The results shown in Table 6 have been analysed and are graphically depicted in Figures 49 to 54. Under the test conditions, differences in results from the different porosity filters was more likely to have been due to actual differences in a non-homogenous dust stream than to differences in filter performance. This is seen in the occasional higher or lower result in the grid. This is also considered to be the reason for differences in the cumulative dust loads compared. An important result can be seen in the comparison of 15 minute average dust concentrations with those of one hour samples. The 15 minute samples indicate considerable variation in dust concentrations, but the longer duration (one hour) samples can give no hint ofthe variations, however significant, because they are one hour averages. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:Wudgp326.np Page 40 f293 Table 6 RESULTS OF SECOND FILTER POROSITY TESTS I Test Filter Number Dia Pump Porosity Number Micrometres Run Time Vol Mass Samp i Collected Cumul Mass Actual Cone 15 Minute Tests 13 Minute Tests 1 25 D12 2 25 D12 3 25 D12 4 25 D12 5 25 D12 6 25 D12 7 25 D12 8 25 D12 1 25 DIO 2 25 DIO 3 25 DIO 4 25 DIO 5 25 DIO 6 25 DIO 7 25 DIO 8 25 DIO 0.8 15 0.029 ! 0.299 15 0.029 15 0.0291 0.192 0.429 15 0.029| 0.646 15 0.029 0.131 15 0.029 0.131 15 0.029 0.254 15 0.029 | 0.011 0.8 15 0.029 0.146 15: 0.029 0.276 15 0.029 0.522 15 0.029 0.713 15 0.029 0.240 15 0.029 0.150 15 0.029 0.337 15 0.029 0.030 0.299 0.491 0.920 1.566 1.697 1.828 2.082 2.093 1.566 2.093 0.146 0.422 0.944 1.657 1.897 2.047 2.384 2.414 1.657 2.414 10.4! 6.7: 15.0( 22.5! 4.51 4.51 8.81 0.3! 5.0' 9.51 18.1: 24.7< 8.3: 5.21 11.7( 1.0- 13 Minute Tests 1 13 D1 2 13 D1 3 13 D1 4 13 D1 5 13 D1 6 13 D1 7 13 D1 8 13 D1 1.2 15 0.0231 0.114 15 0.023! 0.084 15 0.023 0.240 15 0.023 0.316 15 0.023 0.076 15 0.023 0.054 15 0.023 0.162 15 0.023 0.010 0.114 0.198 0.438 0.754 0.831 0.884 1.046 1.055 0.754 1.055 5.o: 3.7: io.6: 13.9! 3.31 2.3' 7.1: ' 0.4: 15 Minute Tests 1 13 D4 2 13 D4 3 13 D4 4 13 D4 5 13 D4 6 13 D4 1.2 15 0.023 0.089 15 0.023 0.119 15 0.023 0.194 15 0.023 0.328 15 0.023 0.066 15 0.023 0.043 0.089 0.208 0.402 0.730 0.796 0.839 3.9( 5.2: 8.514.4: 2.9: 1.91 60 Minute Tests 1 25 10 2 25 10 1 25 D13 2 25 D13 0.8 60 0.115 1.119 60 0.115 0.780 60 0.114 1.260 60 0.114 0.776 1.119 1.899 3.159 3.935 9.7: 6.71 11.1( 6.8- 60 Minute Tests 1 13 D2 2 13 D2 1 13 D5 2 13 D5 1.2 60 0.091 1.518 72 0.109 0.915 60 0.090 0.930 60 0.090 0.416 1.518 2.433 3.363 3.779 16.61 8.41 10.31 4.6: 60 Minute Tests 1 25 2 25 1 25 2 25 9 9 6 6 1.2 63 0.118 1.549 60 0.112 0.906 60 0.115 1.122 60 0.115 0.599 1.549 2.455 3.577 4.176 13.1' 8.0" 9.7' 5.21 Two Hour Tests 1 25 12 2 25 D15 0.8 121 0.231 120 0.229 0.159 1.837 0.6! 8.0! Two Hour Tests 1 13 Dll 2 13 D3 1.2 120 0.182 120 0.181 1.509 1.931 8.2: 10.64 Two Hour 1 25 2______ 5 s 1.2 120 0.230 ___ 142_____ 2422 0.259 2 352 i.i: uu; PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\audgap326.rep Page 41 of293 D u S T C O r jC L N I P AT r0 m ^ /\ (S3 25 mm 1 2 ^jm \ r~V, \ Vs \ 1\ V. [X /1 25 mm 1 2 /jm r~r ll ] 25 mm 0.8 ^im Figure 49 TOTAL DUST SAMPLING RATE AND FILTER POROSITY COMPARISON FOR THE SECOND POROSITY TESTS ctor* 1 2 5 4 5 r, 7 1 5 Minute Period'; A v 1 5 mm ! 2 j.m t 15 mm 1 2 }..m Hourly K Figure 50 CUMULATIVE DUST LOADS OVER TWO HOUR SAMPLE PERIOD FOR 13 mm FILTERS - TEST 2 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 42 of 293 DcSt C cncentroS on in g / m * 2.1 15 Minute Periods O 25 mm 0.8 ym Hourly O 25mm 0.8jjm 2-Hours Figure 51 CUMULATIVE DUST LOADS OVER TWO HOUR SAMPLE PERIOD FOR 25 mm Q.8 m PQRQSUY FILTERS - TEST 2 D uS * C o n < e 'M 'C lio n r '9 rn `* 'J/ ^ 25 mm 0.8 pm Hourly 15 Minute Periods & 25mm 0.8pm 2 --Hours 7 25mm 1.2pm 2 --Hours X 25 mm 1.2 urn Hourly Figure 52 CUMULATIVE DUST LOADS OVER TWO HOUR SAMPLE PERIOD FOR 25 mm FILTERS - TEST2 PROJECT NO: Y240I FILE NAME: j:\i4gp326.np Page 43 of293 26 DwS'. C o Figure 53 DUST CONCENTRATIONS FOR 15 MINUTE PERIODS FOR 13mm 1.2 . 25 mm - 0.8 urn POROSITY FILTERS - TEST 2 C one <4o*fc*..o'' r r g / m ^ 3 Cl 13 mm 1.2 + 25 mm 0.8 ^jm O 13 mm 1.2 jjm Hourly A 25 mm 0.Q yjm Hourly X 25 mm 1 2 |im Hourly Figure 54 DUST CONCENTRATIONS FOR ALL FILTERS TESTED OVER TWO HOUR SAMPLE PERIOD - TEST 2 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326jtp Page 44 of 293 3.4 Discussion 3.4.1 Monitoring Exercise 1 It had been considered that total dust samples, because ofinherently higher sample masses, could be used in place of respirable dust samples as indicators of workplace dust levels, particularly where dust concentrations are very low. However, on the first set oftests for the first monitoring investigation no significant differences could be found in results obtained for respirable or total dust, irrespective of filter size or sampling rate. This is seen in Figures 13, 18, 19,30 and 31. These results indicate that there would be no advantage in collecting total dust samples in place ofrespirable dust samples. in a comparison offilter sizes and sampling rates. Figure 14 shows that sampling at 1,9 (pm with a 25 mm filter returned higher dust concentrations than did the 1,5 {pm 13 mm filter arrangement. No clear differences could be found when a similar comparison was made between 1,5 (pm - 13 mm filters and 3 (pm 25 mm filters (Figure 15). hi a further comparison, shown in Figure 20, dust concentrations collected at 1,9 (pm are higher than those collected at 3 (pm All filters used were 25 mm. Similar comparisons were made for total dust samples and the results are plotted in Figures 16,17 and 21. Once again dust concentrations of samples collected at 1,9 (pm were higher than those collected at 1,5 and 3 (pm, and those collected at 3 (pm were higher than those collected at 1,5 (pm Composite results for the first five tests of the first monitoring exercise are shown for respirable and total dust in Figures 22 and 23 respectively. Similarly, composite results are plotted for the second set of six tests in Figures 24 and 25. By plotting results ofall three sampling rates side by side the dust concentrations measured at 1,9 (pm can be seen to be higher than for other sampling rates for respirable dust. However, the dust concentrations at 3 (pm for total dust were found to be higher than for the other two sampling rates for the second set of six tests. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\gap326.rtp Page 45 of 293 These findings are better flhistrated in Figures 26 and 27. In Figure 26 the resuiis for the respirable (fast collected at the three sampling rates have beat grouped separately from the results ofdie total dust samples. The same grouping was done for the second set of six tests in Figure 27. With regard to the first test site, little difference can be seen between total dust and respirable sample concentrations. This is probably due to the fret that the bulk ofthe coarse particles had settled out of the airstream before it entered the Return Airway where sampling took place. It is, however, apparent that the dust samples collected at l,9#pm give higher dust concentrations than those collected at a slower or higher rate. This can be explained by the fret that the same type ofseparating cyclone was used in all sampling configurations. The air velocity through the slot into the cyclone varies with the collecting rate as does the separatkg efficiency. The design sampling rate is 1,9 (pm and the results obtained from these samples are more likely to be representative of conditions than those collected at the other two sampling rates. The total dust samples were not open free samples but samples collected by removing the plug from the cassette as per the GME's guidelines a). (face again sampling efficiencies were affected by sampfing rates deviating from the standard 1,9 (pm. It is thus obvious that sampling components should not be mismatched. 3.4.2 Monitoring Exercise 2 In the second set of six tests ofthe first monitoring exercise, the results ofsampling at 1,9 (pm were higher than those for the other two rates, confirming the above findings. As far as the total dust samples are concerned, the results are different from those reported above with the concentrations apparently ascending with ascending sampling rates but differences are only slight. This is clearly seen when averages are compared. These results are probably affected by the presence ofmore coarse particles than was the case for the first test series. Clearly, equipment components must be performance matched and since results are achievable using a standard sampling train there are no justifiable reasons to deviate from this configuration. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\auriOT>326 Page 46 of293 In the second monitoring exercise, in addition to testing different fiber sizes and sampling rates, the effect of shielding was also investigated. The shielding represented the situation when the wearer ofthe pump was facing away from the airstream and therefore obstructing the flow rate over the sampling pump. The effects of shielding are illustrated in Figure 28 when respirable dust samples are compared with total dust samples for 13 mm filters sampled at 1,5 (pm. It can be seen that, contrary to expectations, both the respirable and total dust shielded samples realized higher dust concentrations than the unshielded samples. This is also clearly seen in Figures 33 and 39. The pattern of shielded dust concentrations exceeding unshielded concentrations was repeated for the samples collected at 1,9 (pm and 3 (pm as seen in Figures 29 and 30 respectively. These last two Figures indicate that the phenomenon persisted for respirable and total dust. In Figure 40 it can be seen that the shielded dust concentrations for samples collected at 1,9 (pm are higher than for the unshielded although Figure 34 indicates that the differences are small. A similar comparison is made for samples collected at 3 (pm, as depicted in Figure 41, but in this case the bias is much less evident. The unexpected results were most likely due to turbulence caused by the shielding and the prevention ofa "flushing" airstream. The results of all the respirable dust samples are shown in Figure 31 and those of the total dust in Figure 32. There does not appear to be any bias towards any particular sampling rate. To make this clearer, the respirable shielded and unshielded samples were separated and plotted in Figures 35 and 36 respectively. These figures confirm no bias towards a particular sampling rate but do show that the shielded samples were giving higher dust concentrations than the unshielded samples (see above). To assist in easier detection oftrends, the respirable and total dust samples were grouped for shielded and unshielded samples. These results are shown in Figures 42 and 43. In addition, the shielded and unshielded samples were then grouped for respirable and total dust sampling and shown in Figures 44 and 45. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: jtaic\gap326.rcp Page 47 of293 AH the above were additionally grouped according to sampling fates. There is no particular bias towards a sampling rate or towards respirable or total dust except for the shielded total dust samples. Shielded samples also yield higher dust concentrations than unshielded samples. This bias towards higher concentrations for shielded samples was unexpected and could have been due to the fact that any high dust concentrations were not being "flushed" from behind the shielding This is unlikely to occur in practice as the wearer ofthe pump will not spend the entire shift facing away from the airstream. The results therefore have no practical significance in the implementation ofgravimetric dust sampling. 3.4.3 Porosity, and Samplmg Time, Tests As can be seen in Figure 47 the 15 minute samples collected at 1,9 (pm on 0,8 /zm porosity filters gave the highest dust concentrations. As could be expected the 0,8 /zm filter built up a greater dust load than the 1,2 /zm fiber at the same sampling rate. The samples collected at 1,5 (pm on 1,2 /zm filters showed much lower dust loadings than the other two filters. Although these were all total dust samples, they were not openface samples and the sampling rates and sampling orifices could have had an influence on results. The results ofthe 60 minute samples were more compatible than the shorter duration samples, but the two samples collected at 1,9 (pm still had higher dust loadings than the 1,5 (pm sample. The 60 minute samples would be more the equivalent of "traverse" samples than short duration samples. The concept of "traverse" samples will be discussed in the next section. One important point to note is that the 60 minute sample results showed much lower dust concentrations than the 15 minute samples. A variable dust load could have diluted the dust concentrations thereby lowering the 60 minute average. A second set ofporosity and sampling time tests was carried out with the same diameter filters but total dust samples were collected using a true open face sampling technique. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\w*tai32&Hp Page 48 of293 This was done to minimise the influence of air being drawn through a comparatively small hole in the cassette (plug hole), and then altering the cassette chamber which could act as a plenum and thereby affect deposition. Under the second test conditions the one hour test results appeared to be higher for the 13 mm filters than the 15 minute averages for these filters (Figure 49). This is completely opposite to the results obtained for the first test. The two hour samples collected on 13 mm fibers also indicate lower dust concentrations than the one hour samples. The 15 minute samples collected on 25 mm fibers of 0,8 jum porosity were higher than for either foe one hour or two hour samples. The two hour samples collected on 25 mm 1,2 pm porosity fibers rendered lower dust concentrations than for foe same type offibers deployed over one hour intervals. With the exception of one 13 mm fiber, foe results obtained over foe one hour sampling interval are fairly uniform and would be more so iffoe averaging process was extended once more. The differences seen in foe resubs over foe three sampling intervals, with a variation in dust concentration levels for a given fiber porosity, are more due to foe effect of a nonhomogeneous dust load than to filter porosity. This can be seen more clearly in foe foDowing figures. In Figure 50 foe cumulative dust loadings for the 15 minute samples are shown with resubs offoe one hour sample averages. The cumulative one hour dust loadings are seen to be almost twice foe cumulative dust loadings for the 15 minute samples. Since foe sauries were collected in foe same airstream but not exactly side by side, foe differences in dust masses collected could have been due to a non-homogeneous dust concentration. In Figure 51a similar picture is seen when one hour and two hour samples for 25 mm filters of 0,8 pm porosity are compared. Once again the sampling pumps were in foe same airstream but at different points in foe airstream which could have been at different concentrations. When a comparison ofall 25 mm fibers is made (Figure 52) three offoe fibers returned results which were close in magnitude and within experimental error and foe fourth result, already discussed, could have been due to a lower dust concentration at the sampling point. The average dust concentrations for each 15 minute sampling period were plotted for foe 13 mm filters of 1,2 pm porosity and foe 25 mm filters of 0,8 pm porosity. The results are shown in Figure 53. Variations in concentrations over PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\gap326.rcp Page 49 of293 each 15 minute period are clearly demonstrated. The dust levels for the 11 lj fifeorc uiuiiuiwid are lower than those for foe 25 mm filters but foe dust concentrations tracked each other very well At foe same dust concentrations it was not anticipated that filters of different sbes and porosities would give different results. The differences in dust concentrations seat in Figure 53 could therefore be ascribed to actual differences in dust levels at foe sampling positions of foe different pumps. The results shown in Figure 55 clearly indicate that dust concentrations were not in a steady state or in equilibrium. This is an important observation and foe non-steady state of dust levels can be shown to be common in foe workings. The impact offluctuating dust levels on sampling strategies will be discussed in the next section. hi addition to foe 15 minute dust concentrations foe one hour averages for the 13 mm, 25 mm (0,8 fjm) and 25 mm (1,2 fjm) filters were plotted and are shown in Figure 54. The one hour concentrations give a false impression of steady state conditions. The second hour concentrations are lower that foe first hour's, which mirrors the results of foe 15 minute samples and thus shows fluctuations over a longer time base. The longer foe time base, foe greater will be foe effect ofaveraging and foe peaks and valleys in foe fluctuations thus go undetected. This is also an important principle which impacts on sampling strategies and will also be discussed in foe next section. Owing to nonhomogenous dust levels at foe sampling stations, foe dust concentrations measured on foe fibers ofdifferent porosity were not equal and differences in dust concentrations for foe hour tests were considered to be due to these variations rather than to differences in filter behaviour. 3.5 Conclusions The overall conclusions are that foe most reliable results were obtained when sampling at a flow rate of 1,9 (pm with a 25 mm diameter filter of 0,8 (jm porosity. Other flow rates gave lower dust concentrations, largely due to a mismatch of filter and cyclone characteristics. Differences between total dust and respirable dust results were not clearly distinguishable and this was considered to be because foe coarse dust particles had settled out ofthe airstream before it reached foe test zone. A change to total dust sampling is considered to be unjustifiable and one that could complicate rather than benefit gravimetric dust sampling. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue^gap326.rop Pgc50of293 Surprisingly, shielded dust concentrations were found to be higher than unshielded concentrations - under conditions where pumps are shielded for long intervals, dust concentrations are likely to be higher than when pumps are not shielded. Turbulence on the downstream side ofthis shielding and the absence of a "flushing" airstream are the most likely causes for the elevated dust concentrations. However, shielding would not affect personal dust samples to any marked extent because the wearer of the pump is unlikely to shield the pump for an entire shift. Under the test conditions, as could be expected, filters of 0,8 fjm porosity built up a greater dust load than did the 1,2 fjm filters at the same sampling rate and over the same sampling time. The samples collected at 1,5 (pm on 1,2 fjm porosity filters showed much lower dust loadings that the other two filters tested. Comparing filter porosities in a non-homogeneous dust stream is difficult and filter porosity should be selected when the characteristics ofthe dust to be sampled are known. The size distribution ofthe dust to be sampled is a very important parameter in filter selection and, unless all samples are collected on filters ofthe same porosity comparisons of dust concentrations should not be made. Tests conducted over different time intervals were aimed at establishing if dust deposits are made uniformly on the filters or ifthe fibers "blind" quickly causing dust deposition rates to decrease significantly with time. Iffibers were found to blind within a short time period then it would have been concluded that incorrect dust loadings were being reported for eight hour shifts. There is insufficient evidence for absolute conclusions to be drawn. Due to the non-homogeneous nature ofthe dust stream at the test site, differences in dust loadings on the test filters were most likely to have been due to this than to actual differences in performance of different fibers used at different sampling rates. When one hour or two hour dust concentrations are plotted a false impression of steady state conditions is given. The average concentrations over 15 minute intervals showed significant differences over successive intervals. The longer time base has the effect of averaging the peaks and valleys, which thus go undetected. Not detecting peak concentrations is becoming an important issue and could impact heavily on sampling PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\auc\gap326.rep Page 51 of293 strategies. When sampling over short time intervals such as 12 to IS minutes there may be a concern that under conditions ofvery low dust concentrations there may be insufficient dust on the filter to be able to weigh it accurately. Under such conditions dust concentrations could simply be reported as too low to assess (TLA) and there should be no concerns for health problems in such areas. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: jVue^p326.rrp Page 52 of 293 B. STRATEGIC DIRECTION 4. SHORT DURATION SAMPLING 4.1 Introduction When gravimetric dust sampling was introduced into gold and platinum mines all official sampling with konimeters ceased since mines were unwilling to conduct surveys using two different types ofinstruments and different sampling strategies and techniques. The "snap" konimeter samples were used to give an indication ofthe dustiness ofworking places, or whether remedial measures were needed to reduce or control dust levels and their effectiveness. By taking samples at specific time intervals, decay patterns of a dust cloud, such as in a development aid or a sloping section after a blast, could be determined. The konimeter was unsuitable for studies ofdose over a shift long exposure. By contrast gravimetric samplers are designed specifically to determine personal exposures over a full shift but, in the South African mining context, have only been used to calculate a mine risk on which a compensation levy is then based. A previous study(1) indicated large intra- and inter-shift differences in dust concentrations for a given employee. Peak dust concentrations and their durations and very high dust concentrations during the full shift measurement cannot be identified and therefore remain undetected. Because ofthe extensive averaging system used to arrive at a mine "risk", even high 8-hour Time Weighted Averages become masked. Even if such high dust concentrations are noted very soon after their measurement, the reasons for the elevated levels and places where high dust concentrations may have been encountered can not readily be identified. If any high dust concentration is detected in the mine's report at the conclusion ofa sampling cycle (every six months), the possibility oflocating the person and retracing his movements for that particular shift to try to establish reasons for the high dust concentration must be regarded as remote, especially since certain working places could have closed down since the sample was collected. Thus, for this sampling system the results are not usable for control purposes. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j'sue\gap326.rqp Page 33 of293 It thus became obvious that shift long exposures were oflittle use for determining the levels ofdustiness in workplaces or in identifying workplaces or processes where unsatisfactory amounts of dust are liberated. For internal control purposes many conscientious mines reinstated konimeter dust sampling, albeit unofficially. Other mines simply complied with the minimimi requirements ofthe law, viz to carry out dust sampling for the calculation of mine "risk". It also became clear that, when large numbers ofsamples are collected, any efforts to reduce dust levels on a mine are unlikely to be detected in the present sampling strategies. The situation is exacerbated for "risk" determination by the large variation in both dust and quartz concentrations that can be encountered in shift-wise variations of both these parameters. The personal gravimetric dust sampling strategy could prove very useful for determining personal exposure levels and the results for a given occupation could be pooled for a representative exposure ofan occupation group and thereby yield useful information. Such data, in fact, provide the basis for good epidemiological studies and estimates ofworker exposure. As an alternative to using konimeters for control dust sampling, a way was sought whereby gravimetric dust sampling equipment could be used to indicate levels of dustiness in workings. The technique should assist in identifying workplaces where unsatisfactory amounts ofdust are liberated and the reasons therefor. The technique should also assist in determining ifany remedial control actions have been effective. In addition, the technique should permit communicating the results of measurements on standard environmental engineering reports together with the results of other environmental measurements. In this way attention can be directed to unacceptable conditions and practices with the aim of improving the levels ofdustiness in mines and should be ofparticular benefit to those mines where control dust sampling was completely abandoned. Although Tyndallometers monitor aerosol concentrations, on a continuous basis, they are useful to indicate just how these concentrations can vary within a very short space oftime (Figure 55). PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\g<g>326.rcp Page 34 of 293 11:26 Blowing out holes Time Figure 55 CONTINUOUS TRACE OF AEROSOL CONCENTRATIONS MEASURED BY A TYNDALLOMETER This trace can explain why successive konimeter dust counts can vary substantially from each other. The differences are probably due to actual variations in dust concentrations and not, as has been widely thought, solely due to instrument error. It can readily be seen that the average concentration can be low even though very high peaks may exist. The longer the sampling period, the greater will be the effect of averaging and the less representative it will be of workplace conditions. Figures 53 and 54 illustrate similar findings with a longer timebase where high peak values are again averaged out of contention in the evaluation ofworkplace conditions. On the other hand, the shorter the duration ofthe sample the closer it approaches being a "snap" sample where substantial differences can be recorded in very short time intervals and high dust concentrations may not be sampled at all A better indication of workplace dust levels may logically be deemed to lie between the extremes of full shift samples and "snap" samples. With this in mind the concept of short duration workplace dust sampling, utilizing currently deployed sampling equipment, was explored in preliminary tests in a previous project(l). In these tests the technique employed was to start the PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:WAgap326.rcp Page 35 of293 sampling pumps when the environmental official rescued the first position in a slope, for example, and operated until all other measurements such as air temperatures, air velocity, etc had bees completed. This realized a 10 to 12 minute sample. The team then moved on to the next position and repeated the process except that the sampling cassette was exchanged for a "fresh" cassette. In this way separate dust samples were collected in the return from the stope, at several monitoring positions in the stope as well as in the worked out areas and finally in the intake air to the stope. It was clear that differences in dust concentrations at the different measuring stations could be seen and that, where high dust concentrations had been found, the reasons could be reported. Full shift samples collected during the same drift in the working places bore little resemblance to the short duration sample results. It was also observed that ifthe dust concentration and comments on unsatisfactory conditions were entered on environmental reports, as was done with konimeter dust sampling results, attention could be directed to places and practices where remedial action was necessary. This type ofdust sampling could thus assist mines in directing efforts towards dust control and in reinstating dust control sampling. Ifdust emission or liberation is controlled then personal exposures will also be controlled. It was considered that short duration sampling could be used as an indication of workplace risk. For this reason it became necessary to explore any difficulties that could occur in determining the quartz content of such samples or, generally, in establishing the quartz content ofthe airborne dust in the workplace. It was previously recommended (1) that an industry average of20 percent for airborne quartz should be adopted. The implications ofmoving away from actual quartz concentrations to the industry average also had to be investigated and commented on. The results of the first trials(l) were very encouraging and based on this, the present research proposal was compiled, presented and then accepted. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME jteto>32&n|> Page 56 of3 4.2 Test Sites Hie investigations were conducted at four mines. 4.2.1 Site 1: A deep gold mine in the Gauteng Province producing 21S kT/month with an underground staff complement of 10 500. Mining takes place in three reefs using longwall, mini-longwall and scattered mining methods. 4.2.2 Site 2: A medium depth (1939 m) platinum mine in the North-West Province with an underground labour complement of 2 500 persons. Monthly production is 170 kT from extensive scattered mining operations. 4.2.3 Site 3: A shallow gold mine (1734 m) in the Gauteng area, mining three reefs using mechanized and scattered mining methods. The underground labour force is 10 300 persons and 730 kT/month are mined. 4.2.4 Site 4: This medium depth (2084 m) gold mine is situated in Mpumalanga province and employs 5 900 persons to mine 140 kT/month from a single reef in scattered mining operations. 4.3 Methodology Standard sampling pumps were used (not the rotating sponge type). However, because it was anticipated that dust loads on the filters could be low after only a 10 to 12 minute sampling time, it was decided to use 13 mm diameter filters instead ofthe usual 25 mm diameter filters. The use of a smaller filter would give a better dust mass to filter mass ratio than would be possible for light loads with the larger filter. It was also found that the sampling rate had to be decreased to 1,5 {pm since the pumps were unable to operate at 1,9 {pm with the small filters. Even though encouraging results had been achieved in the first trials, many aspects of this proposed sampling strategy still remained to be investigated, notably the effects of different filter porosities on results, the effects of using mismatched cyclones and cassettes and the influence ofdifferent sampling rates on calculated dust concentrations. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\auc\gap326.rep Page 37 of293 It was also considered that comparisons with konimeter samples ana continuous tyndaBometer samples would be useful. In addition, workplace or traverse samples were collected for evaluation. These are samples collected by starting a standard sampling arrangement with a 25 mm filter when the working place is ottered and stopped when the working place is exited. As well as the abovementioned samples integrated samples were evaluated. Such samples are collected by operating a standard sampling arrangement with a 25 mm diameter filter exactly as a short duration sample, but without changing the filters at each measuring locality. In this way the dust load during each measuring period of 12 to 15 minutes is collected on a single filter. Over and above all the above samples, full shift samples were collected for comparison. For the sake ofcompleteness, rotating sponge samples in integrated and rim mode were also collected. Towards the end ofthe tests, short duration samples were also collected in development ends to determine whether or not the technique could be equally well applied in a different monitoring situation. At the last test site, comparisons were also made between total dust samples and respirable dust samples. As far as possible, pairs of samples were always collected throughout these tests. The following chart indicates what samples were collected. LISTING Qf-SAMPLE TYPES COLLECTED AT THE VARIOUS TEST SITES MINE FULL SHIFT SHORT DURA TION SHORT DURA TION 2Smhi SHORT DURA TION SPONGE INTEC RATED 2Sma TRAVERSE KONI 2Smm METER TYNDALLOMETER INTE TRAVERSE GRATED SPONGE SPONGE TOTAL DUST 13 m TOTAL DUST 25 m 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 // / PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\idpp326.rcp Page 58 cf293 4.4 Results Extensive short duration surveys were conducted in 41 slopes and 26 development headings, spread over the four test sites. Examples of the individual results of the various dust sampling modes, measuring points and working place layout are shown in Figures 56 to 121. The remaining 69 sketches of the slopes and development aids measured have been appended (Appendix A). Data from each mine have been compiled into tables for more convenient analyses. The various relationships investigated at the four test rites are then presented graphically. At Mines 1,3 and 4 it was found not to be posrible to determine the amount of quartz present in the short duration samples, irrespective ofthe size filter used. The detection limit of the X-ray Diffraction method is 20 pg of quartz and this was found to be undetectable in the small masses of dust collected over a 12 - 15 minute duration. Consequently, the traverse and integrated samples were analysed for quartz content, wherever possible, and these results were then used for risk calculation. The calculation of an Air Quality Index and/or risk based on samples which are not eight hour Time Weighted Average samples is not correct for personal risk, but, since a workplace risk is being investigated, the approach was considered to be justified. No "risk" calculations were done for Mine 2 since all the airborne samples had a quartz content less than five percent and comparing such results with those based on an industry average of 20 percent quartz would have been meaningless. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\gap326 Page 39 of293 Page 60 of 293 190 1 NOUJSOd 1 a-oj UJ < FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp _ PROJECT NO: Y2401 o - wo Table 7 RESULTS OF SHORT DURATION SAMPLING (M INE H f STOPE : i RETURN 11 2.20 i i O 04 <U> 04 CO E E 2j QUARTZ |t STOPE Q1 UARTZ 1 STOPE 3 j QUARTZ j i PERCENT m|1 g /m 3 I PERCENT j m g /m 3 \ PERCENT ! i .! ! 47[ ! - ooo - - - - - o* 1 FACE !1 2.721 2.131 2.43! o WCOO oO o* 04 oo ro rr 04 O' wo O' o* co c4 04 1 FACE ! 3.351 2.151 1 2.001 1 i FACE I 6.531 1 1.331 1 FACE 1 1 FACE 1 FACE 1 AVE FACE 1 1 2.79i 1 3.171 .1 OLD AREA 1 2 19i 2.64| 00 04 o 04 04 rvoO 04 04 04 04 30.671 i 1 1 9.521 1 2.20| 1 2.001 1 1 i - CO - 8 r*> eo 1 OLD AREA 1 1 OLD AREA 1 i 2. 19! 2.641 ' oo - 0T4f 04 o 0C4O 8 04 j INTAKE ! 2.901 1 1 2.671 1 -- j INTAKE 1 AVERAGE ! | OO' r- 00 04 2.831 04 ro 1 TRAVERSE 1 1 INTEGRATED i 1 FULL SHIFT 1 0. 97! r* o 0.64! oo d 3. 97! oXoT WroO 1 1 2.671 1 - qOO od CO o 10.31 1.421 13.11 1.261 12.71 oo M E g 00 WO CO o 04 o co o CO co oo q d >0 oo 04 vO n o ro ci CO E UftJ. rr 1 1.531 l.O O l1 ! 3.071 2.601 2.601 ea E g 00 ro ft.UJ wo 1STOPE 6 ro E M E 1.401I 0.851 r*-7 1-53! i ! .1 33 i 0. 67! ! 1.271 'O oWO wo o CO CO 2.361 0.76i I60T I860 lO O 'l | CO r* o * CO CO OO 1 g 00 r- UaJ. cBo g C/> oo UJ ft- CO E M E t PERCENT i 1 4.78' 2.471 1 6.111 . 671 !1 1.611 1.471 04 d O ! 3.86i ! o .7si 1 0. 78i 1.271 1. 27! 1.471 0.861 1.691 3.251 s %3 O *7 CO 04 * E g 0ts> ro E W a. 04 04 - ooo* 04 o Ol CO oo w*j o* < > \o n j--------- 1161 2.60 B 06 ro E Quartz % 1 2.67 3.141 1.741 fCOO rCoO M o* 3 0004 12.05 CO 04 O'* 3 o $ Table 8 RESULTS OF KQNIMETER DUST SAMPLES (M INE 1) PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j :\sue\gap326.rep Page 61 of293 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep 0 P H P P a < cn H OT P P oa (N H H wo. Pi owH P P HH Pi W O w cn M s U5 in W Pi P 0 H Page 62 of 293 100 co E E, co _i O oCO DC 111 < 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 TIME (mins) (09:00 to 11:46) FIGURE 57. SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 1 - STOPE 2 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:'u*\gap326.rep Page 63 of393 X o c o H LU ra i-- * a) Q. <0 O c (v/_) <u Q. Q_ QOra. e *o H p 04 E cz Z3 uo OJ E "cS. E cz ixoZ CD oo CM OO CM rr in CM cy r- co r* T-- T" T-- OO CO OO *M- CM cr rr in co co cn V r- T-- t-- CM oo CM CD CM o CO CSJ O' CD r- r- T-- T-- T-- T" o CO <euu n E OO r- r-- Y-- Y-- CO cz O) Oo E CO T"" n a CM CD CD CD cm T-- r-- i-- CM CM T" CD CM 1-- t~* t-- CO CM tT CD t~ CO r r t-- CD a oo CO in rT-- O' CD CM CM cn oo T- 0" cn cd CM co in v-- co CO oo rCO CD XJ OO QJ r- CD OL CO CO H CO D P P o H Eh aj toC7> in cm cm t_ n co D P Eh oo W Pc O H W H O H w co S3 ctcu - CM CO o- in oo ID H3 clo CJ ra *o w To CtoJ <u j--o P4o CnQ- jj - co QkJ. ra CLJ. rC4aJ- --OPa CJ CJ CJ CJ QJ CJ CJ ra , j< cc O CD LX- C_3 LrXa- o LCXO_ CJ ra LX. o ro u. CJ LrXo-- CJ > -~a > ra *x CD CD CD < OJ ra CO O > CO o> CO (U => p 0 H STOPE 8 L O C A L IT Y PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 64 of 293 DUST CONCENTRATION m g /m *0 < 6 --------------C- K K XK jTy!^ tace av TfST NUMBER ' k\yvl traverse V/'/J^ integrated [xV j eull sniri Figure 59 COMPARISON OF THE DIFFERENT SAMPLING MODES (MINE 1) PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\wiAgni326jtp P8e65cf293 TRAVERSE SAMPLES m g /m a D c 4.5 4 >0 3.5 < 3 2.5 -- Li n 1.5 1 0.5 0 1 1 1 1_______ 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 0 1 23456789 10 11 Shop: DURATION FACE AV mq/m'.' Figure 60 COMPARISON OF SHORT DURATION AND TRAVERSE SAMPLES INTEGRATED SAMPLES m g /m ~ 3 SHORT DURATION FACE AV mq/rn~3 Figure 61 COMPARISON QE..SHORT DURATION AND INTEGRATED SAMPLES (MINE 1) PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:'wi*\gap326.rep Page 66 of293 4.5 *0 < t i um _j a2. r <A <I/) D U TPa lERSE s a m p le SHORT DURATION FACE AV mg/m*3 Figure 62 COMPARISON OF SHORT DURATION AND FULL SHIFT SAMPLES (MINE n 4.5 < 0 3 5 t c '/> 1.5 05 -E- 0 0.5 t .5 .2.5 IN f L GRATED SAMPLES mq/m*3 35 Figure 63 COMPARISON OF..INTEGRATED SAMPLES AND TRAVERSE SAMPLES (MINE \) PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\aucVgap326jrep Page 67 of 293 ( O*(l u. T u l l Sm f T SAMPLES INILCRATEO SAMPLES mg/m*j Figure 64 COMPARISON OF INTEGRATED SAMPLES AND FULL SHIFT SAMPLES (MINE 1) 4.5 4 5.5 3 25 2 1.5 I 05 TRAVERSE SAMPLES mq/m"5 Figure 65 COMPARISON OF TRAVERSE SAMPLES AND FULL SHIFT SAMPLES (MINE O PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:'sue\gap326.rqp Page 68 of 293 f'ULL in 600 D kOmmLIEI' 400 300 200 CD 100 9 S 0.5 1.5 2.5 OfV'VlMt 1KIC mg/m~3 3.5 Figure 66 COMPARISON OF GRAVIMETRIC AND KONIMETER SAMPLES SXQPE HMINEJ) 180 1 70 160 150 1 40 130 l 20 .10 100 90 30 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 o D Ov n 3----------- 1------- GKAV1Ml_tmO 10 Figure 67 COMPARISON OF GRAVIMETRIC AND KONIMETER SAMPLES SIOPE 3 (MINE 1) /mETTEK c-'i '" PROJECT NO: Y240I FILE NAME: j:\wc\gap326.rcp Page 69 of 293 K C .M M E TE P p p m l (T h o ^s o n d s ) 1.6 15 1 .4 l .3 1.2 11 - 1 0.9 08 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 -- 0.1 0 i5------------ ......... 0 o i. 0.5 a n 0 o~ a O 1 1.5 a i________________ 2 2.5 a J 1_____ ___________________ _______ 3 3.5 GRAVIMETRIC mg/mA3 Figure 68 COMPARISON OF GRAVIMETRIC AND KONTMETER SAMPFFS SI.QP-F 4 (MINE |) 120 1 10 100 90 80 70 60 50 0 30 20 10 0 0.1 0 3 0 5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 15 GRAVlMCrpIC rri'}(/m~3 Figure 69 COMPARISON OF GRAVIMETRIC AND KONIMETER SAMPLES STOPE $ (MINE 0 O N IM C TE R p p m . PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: jime&p326j<p Page 70 of293 (tnouSO ds) p p m ir GRAVIMETRIC mq/m~i Figure 70 COMPARISON OF GRAVIMETRIC AND KONIMETER SAMPLES STOPE 6 (MINE O 180 1 70 O 160 a 150 140 I 30 120 o 1 10 5 100 s o 90 80 vG N ivET^Eft p r-r i--i 0 l0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 I 2.4 0.2 0 6 I .4 1 8 2 2 2.6 GRAVIMETRIC mg/m~3 Figure 71 COMPARISON OF GRAVIMETRIC AND KONIMETER SAMPLES STOPE7(MINE O PROJECT NO; Y3401 FILE NAME: P*f*71 f3 CNImET IER pp.jv 150 1 40 l 30 120 1 10 O a o a . c O' 100 90 80 70 60 - 50 - 40 - 30 20 to __________1__________ 1__________ 1__________ I__________ I__________ 1__________ ! 0 12 3 4 567 GRAVIMLTKIC mg/m* j Figure 72 COMPARISON OF GRAVIMETRIC AND KONIMETER SAMPLES STOPE 8 (MINE 1) KCNiVt.*ER ppf'M (Tnousonos) GRAVIMETRIC Figure 73 COMPARISON OF GRAVIMETRIC AND KONIMETER SAMPLES ALL STOPES (MINE l) PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:We^gap326.rtp PgeT2rf293 Table 9 RESULTS OF SHORT DURATIO N SAMPLING - STQPES (M IN E 21 we g 4m w1 ?ft. gc/i <> o UQmJ g</i Qy a gc/5 00 UJ ga C/5 r\ rU-J* gI CO m UJ | v 04 Vl r-4 1 tn o g a VO CO t*i to 1v-> 'aSPUaJ. ga CO Vl r*i o UJ *n 'ao Cu M g a m CO 04 t<i n aUJ 04 gCm ao co ri UJ 104 a. o a r H 00 v UJ `a04 ro O a oVi H 04 CO o PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j :\sue\gap326.rqp b c*-> I POSITION ' 13m m 1 13mm|| 25mm | 13mmI| 25mm [ 25mm 1 1 25mm (Averages B 1 er> a BO Ba80 to 1 m B to O' tn cn ZLO | ) o 00 2 r- 04 oo O' " fO -o- to * oi jRETURN 1 rs o* r- 1.014j I 3.1601 r~ -- [ST90 O' O' oVO r-* rdd o 04 IFACE If a c e 1 I 1.7021 0.779| 00 8 8 to d 0.714' 5 3.833) 1.7601 3.1221 1.2031 oo- 00 I 0.45611 1.678j s o- 2.979! 3 ''f To 04 FOVt) 'O 304 tn do ' 1.6501 <*1 0.2031 0.205' ! 1.5771 O' o0004 0.782' l 0.3461 3.078i F00*" 0s0 2 o 04 O' 00 t1 yo od 8 00 oi 0.8591 2.1091 v-o>- VV)I o04 VS> 0.1341 2.1271 8 04 vrd- vV>O 04 3 rs to a to 1 3.5921 3.4671 2.6641 2.5471 0.8651 0.784! 04 O' 04 VdOoo3' ! 3.8741 0.469 1.4891 O0C0-*' otto6oot 00 d0n4 tton O O' mo'04 1 0.8291 2.04. 2.9841 0.5871 2.6641 1 1.4911 ts N O' V2I - UJ O UJ UJ u U UJ > < - If a c e IFACE l ! lOLD AREA ! lOLD AREA 1 AVEOLD AREA ITRAVERSE 1 INTE GRATED IFULL SHIFT ! OVl' Vl o or O' r d * " 04 O' 04 o 8 d 00 V) 04 o d tOnO Vl o sO' tn O' O' o 04 3 o vVVr^>)ji 00 o CO d 00 O O' C*1 O d *04 ft> 3 04 04 VI O' Vl o 1.6631 0.7481 2.6491 1.8701 1 0.9141 0.5441 1.0411 2.6631 0.560! 11.873! 1.9601 3.00oi 1 0.6991 0.453' 2.302' 1 5.7561 2.147! 1691*0 IS8I0 oVot*%oI VdC0O0l r " o* Tf to 04 00 d 8 Vl V) 00 o 3yp 0.403 5.756 04 04 a add 3' 0.4061 1.581! 1.4161 | | | |1 0.516! ! 1.249! 0.583! 0.330 0.3001 | 0.400 1| 0-09Qi 1 0.4781 1.1391 1.416' 1 1.5001 0.4781 !0.5371 0 .230|! 0 .240 ! j |0.3401 0.540 ! 1.4161 j0.9791 j 0.430 j 11890 o04 04 oO'O 6.0731 I I2.6001 0.296 0.870! I6.073' 0.7621 I o d 0,37 00*04 04 04 d04 o04 \0o4 O 00 04 oo 04 Or-' 0od4- oO' 0.3161 0.88 3.00oi 3.89 1 0.38 1 3.95 0.7211 0.7351 i 0.50 0.041 0.28 -- - ' V, - - - - o'O 0004 UJ 1 B >< Page 73 of 293 PROJECT NO: Y2401 Table 10 RESULTS OF SHORT D U R ATIO N SAM PLING - DEVELO PM ENT (M IN E 2) j i DEVEL 1 POSITION 13 mm i v> C-l i DEVEL 2 13 mm 25 mm i DEVEL 3 uau <;z 1 DEVEL 4 13 mm 25 mm i 1 DEVEL 5 1 DEVEL 6 i 1 -------------- 1 ROTATING 13 mm 25 mm 13 mm 25 mm ROTATING SPONGE SPONGE E o !! ! i! E t 00 0s3 o E *5 c -- - - - E & E VI0N0> o <N Oi E "ol - E RETURN 1 1.1941 S <N -- 1 FACE j 03 ro r- 1 INTAKE i! i 1 TRAVERSE 1 1 FULL SHIFT 1 ! d <N w-4 d r- CN -- - - 1 1.5211 1 4.2631 O3 00r* I 1 1 1.0791 3.5261L._____________1__ __ __ 0oo3 1 0.6391 1 1 1 3.0791 8<o eO^or 03 d 0r->3 n d ! | 3.3421 1 4.0911 1.1761 1.1961 1 0.0731 0.7211 0.9021 0.7351 ! 0.5761 0.991i 1.8281 2.7681 0.694! 3C r- 0OT3'f* I i 1 0.803! 0.518! 1 0.518 1 1.9041 1 0.791 00 i I i FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep 33/01 r Page 74 of 293 r FIGURE 7 4 . SHORT DURATIO N DUST SAMPLING PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME' j:\aidpp326jty Page 73 of 293 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 76 of 293 FIGURE 7 5 - SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING M INE 2 - STOPE 3 FIGURE 76. SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 2 - STOPE 2 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:'ue\g^>326.rep Page 77 of293 PROJECT NO: Y2401 aBuods Buiiejoa LOCALITY | I D e v e lo p m e n t 1 a n d 2 co E T- E CD 0c Position Oust Concentration mg/m3 Quartz (%) 25 mm Return R1 1,194 3,789 R2 1,521 4,263 Face Face 3 1,260 3,526 4 1,079 2,440 Face Ave. face 1,169 2,983 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp CO .E E Old area Old area Ave. old area Intake Intake Traverse Integrated Full shift Y~ OJ 1,739 0,639 2,895 3,070 1,273 0,340 FIGURE 7 7 . SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING Page 78 of 293 3.5H 3- 2.5- AEROSOLS (mg/m3) FIGURE 78. SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 2 - DEVELOPMENT 1 & 2 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:*K*p326.rep Pap 79 cf293 SHORT DuRANON 2 5 m m m g /i K> < E SHORT OURATION 13mm mg/m*j Figure 79 COMPARISON OF AVERAGE STOPE 13 mm AND 25 mm FILTERS: SHORT DURATION (MINE 2) DUST CONCENTRATION m ? / m - J TEST NUM8ER FACE AV 13mm FACE AV 25rnm Figure 80 BAR CHART COMPARISON OF AVERAGE STOPE 13 mm AND 25 mm.FILIE&S;.SHORT DURATION (MINE 2) PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:Vnie\gap326.rep Page 80 of 293 OUST C O N C LN TRa TlO N r^-.^/n' 1FACE AV 3mm test number ^SSj FACE AV 25mm V//\ TRAVERSE | \ ' 1 FULL SHIFT [XX] INTEGRATED Figure 81 COMPARISON OF ALL SAMPLING MODES FOR THE FIRST SIX STOPES IMINE 21 DoS~ CONCENTRATION -- -- f 7 vXj * ACr AV n A A H 1 nR Hi 8 9 to U TEST NUMBER fXV>] FACE AV 25mm V//\ TRAVERSE r~^| FULL SHIFT 12 pN./] INTEGRATED Figure 82 COMPARISON OF ALL SAMPLING MODES FOR THE SECOND SIX STOPES (MINE 2) PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rop Page 81 of 293 1 ^ A V i?S m . j/ m 3.5 O' na .i 0 0.5 i I O ........... .. " O iitit 1.5 2 2 5 3 3.5 SHORT {JURATION 13mm mg/m"3 Figure 83 COMPARISON OF AVERAGE SHORT DURATION (13 mm FILTERS) INTCRATED 3 SHORT OURAUON I Jmm Figure 84 COMPARISON OF AVERAGE SHORT DURATION (13 mm FILTERS'i AND INTEGRATED SAMPLES (MINE 2^ PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326 rqi Page 82 of 293 n( FU LL SHIFT m g / r r SHORT DURATION 13mm mg/mA3 Figure 85 COMPARISON OF AVERAGE SHORT DURATION (13 mm FILTERS) AND FULL SHIFT SAMPLES (MINE 21 TRAVERS*: r r - g /m - J u Q nn o nD -_____ I______I______i______I______I______ l______l______ 1_____ l______I______I______1____ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 89 10 1112 SHORT DURATION 25mm mg/mAj Figure 86 COMPARISON OF AVERAGE SHORT DURATION (25 mm FILTERS! AND TRAVERSE SAMPLES (MINE 21 PROJECT NO: V2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 83 of 293 i;j*F C 9 a TFD rn g /1 3.5 2.5 <y 1.5 0.5 . o ___ n ______ 0 im ii ! ! 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a 9 10 II 12 SHOHI C'URAflON 25mm mg/m*i Figure 87 COMPARISON OF AVERAGE SHORT DURATION (25 mm FILTERS) AND INTEGRATED SAMPLES (MINE 2^ Fu ll Sh ift H g / | - | " ' SHQHf DURATION 25rnm Figure 88 COMPARISON OF AVERAGE SHORT DURATION (25 mm FILTERS'! AND FULL SHIFT SAMPLES (MINE 2) PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 84 of 293 iNTEG ^^TED 3.5 -- -- -- n -__________ i__________ 1__________ l__________ 1__________ i__________ I__________ i 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 tHAVL'KSF mg/m~3 Figure 89 COMPARISON OF TRAVERSE AND INTEGRATED SAMPLES (MINE 2) Fu l l SniF"T Figure 90 COMPARISON jQf IRAYERSE AND FULL SHIFT SAMPLES. (MINE 21 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 85 of 293 2 5 m m F l ^EPS 1.9 .pm m g /m k> < 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 13mm FILTERS 1.5 Ipm mq/m".' Figure 91 COMPARISON OF ALL COLLECTED SHORT DURATION SAMPLES: 13 mm Ffl/TERS 1.5 fpm AND 25 mm FILTERS 1.9 Ipm (MINE 2) PERCENT SAMPl ES l u.o i i 0.4 0.8 12 i . i 1.6 2 i *- 'J i v i * i 2.4 2.8 3.5 4.5 UPPER LIMIT Of RANCE mq/m*J 1 Jmm 1.5 Ipm Figure 92 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF SHORT DURATION 13 mm FTLTF.R SAMPLES COLLECTED AT 1.5 turn (MINE 21 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:1su\gap326.rq> Page 86 of293 16 PERCEN* SAMPLES Figure 93 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF SHORT DURATION 25 mm FILTER SAMPLES COLLECTED AT 1.9 tpm (MINE 2) P E R C E N T Sa w =>l ES UPPER LIMIT OF RANGE mg/m~3 'C'SxJ\ 25mm 1.9 Ipm K\SS] 15mm 1.5 Ipm Figure 94 COMPARISON OF FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION FOR SHORT DURATION 13 mm FILTER SAMPLES (1.5 tpm) AND 25 mm FILTERS (I.9tpmHMINE2) PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\aic\gap326.rcp Page 87 of293 25m m 1 9 Dm m g /m t a 4.5 o < o a n -------------------------------------------- o o iiiiiii 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 13mm 1.5 Iprn mg/m~3 Figure 95 COMPARISON QF 13 mm FILTERS (1.5 gpm) AND 25 nan FILTERS (1.9 (pm) SHORT DURATION COLLECTED IN DEVELOPMENT ENDS (MINE 2) PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:Wic\gap326jqp Page 88 of293 s M i O I5 6 , ts U> a o I 5 S S g s? * 2 IR 8o a o o S 03 ooO 3 88 oo 9 Ok O o S i R S CJ 6 i i & o 5? ss - *1 N 2 n S o 8 a* i O OX i i 9B o !! Re o S S S o o a. i 8 PX 8 Sa' 2 ft oo S S' o no i a gft o a s ** &g 58 n 0 153 Ro! 2 o s| ! S8 O OX s !R ii s8 OX & oo 8fs. cE o s8 E s RESULTS QE SHORT DURATION SAMPLING - STOPES (MINE 3) I Is ft ox R R2 N 5 ooo 8 (V S r rx 8| fiifi 8 ! * OX ft e l &9 1! o -- 0550 rx ft o D ?! S o 8 r> s 8 8| o 2 85 ON OX 8 o C rx o ft o ft o 5 o ** gSo I *> r ! 5 J 51 8 o s 8 & S & S1 v> SI 8 ft 3 o 88 i * 1 8 sv OX ee oo Table 11 i Is g85 Ox 885 oo IE ft i O OX a! OX r* a 8ft o r~> T*- Tt e %a: a; S S 2 ssl 11 1 . 1 . < UJ i 5 * 1 2 3 as* 2 w ($ o is 3 L ie ThanUfflf of WbigNng PROJECT NO: Y240! FILE NAME: j:Vsue\^ap326jp Page 89 of 293 PROJECT NO: Y2-401 Table 12 RF.SIJLTS OF SHORT DURATION SAMPLING - DEVELOPMENT LEVELS (MINE 3) <m E UJ >E UJ E QE n CO UJ OE az E UJ > < <C"> E 'S E r-i 'O < E tlj w >E UJ Q cn .J UJ >E UJ Q UJ > UJ Q _J E UJ w > UJ Q -- -- --- DEVEL 5 1 1 POSITION 1 RETURN E < 13 mm 25 mm j 25 mm 1 13 mm < E /*> 25 mm 1 Q U A R T Z 1 13 mm PERCENT 1 r*i < E E 25 mm ) 13 mm 0.3871 2.9471 2.5801 1.4741 0.212! 1.093!1 1.4831 0.522 1 1.3161 SPONGE i 13 mm 25 mm 1 <cn "ci 0.6141 0.9841 3.9171 11691 I L \Z \ \L \V \ |U Z'l 1 FACE - -- 1.1931 1.3071 3.632) 2.0531 2.2631 0.8241 2.4791 1 1.3931 1 0.0481 2.4401 7.105) 0.480 1 0.427 1 2.1581 0.5791 0.6171 1 0.4391 0.866 1 1.5481 1.393 1 7.1051 1 AVERAGE o (N i 2.8431 2.2631 1.565 00 On 0.454 ) 1.3691 0.617 1 0.7461 1.221 Or"N> NO Tf od I INTAKE 0.267 i 2.21H 1.8951 0.067 1 0.0881 0.151 1 0.9131 0.520 1 2.246) 1.027 0.406 1 1.2841 M Tf O Tt 1 1 HI <sf d NO ro wV d n FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep dd - - -- -- -- - I TRAVERSE 1IN T E G R A T E D ! ) 0.395) 1 0.1071 o rf 00 o 1 0.25 l l |0S9'0 r- d m sr\ O - t XV) -J J D U. Page 90 of 293 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:'ue\g*p326.rp Pap 91 of293 FIGURE 9 6 . SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 92 of 293 FIGURE 9 7 . SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING AEROSOLS (mg/m3) FIGURE 98. SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 3 - STOPE 9 PROJECT NO; Y2401 FILE NAME: j:tectap32&iq> Fate 93 of293 rO W DEVELOPMENT OCCJ e: o O< CO o o CL. PROJECT NO: Y2401 or OJ CJ CJ C3 ccCJ cj o ra CJ u ra CJ u ra a CJ ra CJ* > LU u. u. LU < i m W H ra CJ ra ra CJ to Xi CJ ru ra "o -a X3 C>J O O <C CJ CJ ra . cc OJ OJ > cn cj : CTi 03 Pm FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 94 of 293 *0 i V n. t r OJ o a. D c0. <1/> SHORT DURATION 13mm mg/m~3 Figure 100 COMPARISON OF AVERAGE SHORT DURATION 13 mm (1.5 Cpml AND 25 mm (1.9Ipm) SAMPLES (MINE 3) - STOPES O < i O or oooz '/> 24 f??vl 1 T|rnnn 6a TEST NUMBER 1 *i Ipm [NN^sj 7Smm io 19 ipm ir Figure 101 BAR CHART COMPARISONS OF AVERAGE SHORT DURATION 13 mm H.5 Ipm) AND 25 mmH.9 gum) SAMPLES (MINE 31 - STOPES PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 95 of 293 TRAVERSE m g /m I o 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 SHORT DURATION 13mm mg/m*' Figure 102 COMPARISON OF 13 mm FILTER SHORT DURATION AND TRAVERSE SAMPLES (MINE 3 - STOPES 35 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 ------ f ]--------- 1 0 0.2 D a CW 1---------- Lo 1---------- L--------1--Q--1---------- 1-----------1---------- 1------0.4 0.6 0.8 I 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 SHORI DURA I ION 13mm mg/m~3 Figure 103 COMPARISON OF 13 mm FILTER SHORT DURATION AND FIJT.I. SHIFT (MINE 31 - STOPES FULL Sh ift m g /m ~ 3 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\auc\gap326.rcp Page 96 of293 TRAVERSE m g /m o a u 1o ji flo i . 11111I-------------------------- 1-------------1-------------1 o 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 SHORT DURATION 25mm mq/rn".1 Figure 104 COMPARISON OF 25 mm FILTER SHORT DURATION AND TRAVERSE SAMPLES (MINE 31 - STOPES n jL L SHIFT rr-g /m ~ .J D a**1 n c --- i------ B-J-----Q------1------------ 1------------- 1------------- 1------------- 1-------------1------------- 1------------ 1-------0 2 4 6 8 10 12 M 16 13 SHOW UUKAIIQN 2t>rnm Figure 105 COMPARISON OF 25 mm FILTER SHORT DURATION AND FULL SHIFT SAMPLES (MINE 31 - STORES PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\aue\gap326Tqp Page 97 of293 i. 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 !> 1.4 < \E0> 1.3 1.2 E 1.1 1 1I/1 0.9 0.8 0.7 u 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 n i=j 0.2 0.1 0 ------- E i_______ I________Ln___ si_______ l________l_______ i_______ i_______ i________i_______ i 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 18 TRAVERSE mg/m "3 Figure 106 COMPARISON OF TRAVERSE AND FULL SHIFT SAMPLES QtfllCI E 31 - STOPES 18 I7 16 15 in 14 13 12 l1 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 L_ _ _ _ _ E 'a: ' 1 U______ E J_ _ _ _ _ _ E 1 2 3456 jpg# 13mm 1.5 Ipm TEST NUMBER 25mm 1.9 Ipm V/A TRAVERSE PULL SHIFT Figure 107 COMPARISON OF ALL SAMPLING MODES FOR THE FIRST STY STOPE SAMPLES (MINE 3) DUST CONCENTRATION m ,q /rr\ PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:Vue\g*p326.rtp Page 98 of293 DOST CONCENTRAT.ON m ^ / n i n < 1 3mm 1.5 Ipm TEST NUMBER 25mm 1.9 Ipm TRAVERSE [/ Xl FULL SHIFT Figure 108 COMPARISON OF ALL SAMPLING MODES FOR THE SECOND SIX STOPE SAMPLES (MINE 3) PERCENT Sa v Pl ES UPPER LIMIT OF RANGE mg/m*3 sS I 3mm 1.5 Ipm Figure 109 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF 13 mm SHORT DURATION STOPE SAMPLES (MINE 31 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rqp Page 99 ef293 PERCENT SAMPLES UPPER LIMIT OF RANGE mg/m"3 ^^sSSl 25mm 1.9 Ipm Figure 110 FREQUENCY DISTTUBUTION OF 25 mm SHORT DURATION STOPE SAMPLES (MINE 3) PERCENT SAMPLES UPPER LIMIT OF RANGE mg/m*3 Umm 15 Ipm 25mm 1,9 Ipm Figure 111 COMPARISON OF FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF 13 mm AND 25 mm SHORT DURATION STOPE SAMPLES (MINE 31 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\aue\gap326.rep Page 100 of 293 32 a & Q -- ---- Q---LQ----Q------ 1 0 0.5 1 "a ----- 1----------- 1_______ 1_______ 1__ 1.5 2 2.5 3 1 3mm 1 .5 Ipm Figure 112 COMPARISON OF ALL 13 mm AND 25 mm SHORT DURATION STOPE SAMPLES (MINE 3) 2 5 m m \ .9 ip m m ^ /m ~ 3 u --...... n u ! ni 0 0.5 I li l 1 1.5 2 2.5 5 1 3mm 1.5 Ipm mq/m" j Figure 113 COMPARISON OF 13 mm AND 25 mm SHORT DURATION DEVELOPMENT END SAMPLES (MINE 31 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 101 of 293 PROJECT NO: Y240I Table 13 RESULTS OF SHORT DURATION SAMPLING - STOPES (M INE 4) FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 102 of 293 GRATED Table 14 RESULTS OF SHORT DURATION SAMPLIN( DEMil 1 0E\E12 0E\E13 DEVEl4 0E\EL5 DE\EL 6 DE'.EL 7 POSITION RETURN F ACE 13 mm motor* TOT RESP 25 mm motor1 TOT RESP 13 mn 25mm 13mm 25mm SPONGE 13mm 25mm 13mm 25mm 13mm 25mm 13mm 25mm mo1TM* motor* tro/m1 metor* motor* mi/m* m^m* irgi'm* motor* motor* mp'm* motor* motor* TOT RESP RESP RESP RESP RESP RESP RESP RESP RESP RESP RESP RESP 1 o.eoe 2 780 160 1090 1 1 060 4 030 1.180 0823 | 1 1 1.570 1 567 1030 j 1370 0 824 0 535 1070 1367 - 1772 INTME 1 660 1 560 0 313 I960 0840 0 702 0780 1 TRA.ERSE MTECRTEO 0707 I * 0707 FULL SHFT 1 0 521 1012 0 521 0 124 | 0 733 0.812 0900 1579 1 332 OCSO 0543 0 124 0 315 1 S95 0315 1 0 070 Or*; 1 *Scol Samcb PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326jcp Page 103 of 293 iFVF.I.OPMENT ENDS 1MINF. 41 OEVEL 8 I DP.ELS 11 1 OEVEL 10 OEVEL 11 OEVEL 12 OEVEL 13 OEVEL 14 AVERAGES 13mm 25mm SPONGE 1 13mm 25mm SPONGE mt/m* wQlnf RESP RESP 1 frtfm' WQlm' mo'm1 Iresp RESP !1 rngfai' 13mm me7m' RESP 25mm 13mm 25mm 13mm 25mm 13mm 25mm SPONGE 13mm 25mm mefat* mg7m* rrtfm' rpQ/m' mflta* m^m* mo'm' ms/m' mofai1 mtfm* RESP RESP RESP RESP RESP RESP RESP RESP RESP 13 mm mo/m1 TOT RESP 25 rr/n SPONGE lr&TM' mG7m! TOT RESP 1638 4 3931 I1 0 950 0 160 1.970 4.39C 1660 1 0695 1.350 1.030 1.025 3.000 1 1525 1 11 1I 1329 1 1 0.971 | 1 4 391 || 1 143 1 1 4 754 1 1 0 5331 3 010 j 1 1 3 745 1 329 1 1 0971 i 1.410 1.4261 !1 1.370 1.ES0 0.170 0.800 1580 o.sac 1200 0.594 3014 I 0 422 0 352 0 352 0.258 0 517 3.405 1.360 1.560 1 090 4 220 1615 0 700 1354 0 780 1908 12SS 0258 0.531 5.250 0517 0855 0.7C6 2.675 PROJECT NO: Y2401 X o iHn x (0 aBuods Binjeioy tCAJ CC 13 MG) ta CC E E CO 13 i2 "5 cn r- cm n cc LOCALITY Position STOPE 1 Oust Concentration mg/m3 25 mm 0 Quartz (%) FILE NAME: j:\suc\gap326.rep r> E c Return i Face Face Face Ave.lace 2,340 2,260 1,480 2,060 1,930 Old area Old area Ave. old area Intake Intake Traverse Integrated Full shift FIGURE 1 1 4 . 1,500 0,924 0,765 0,876 1,532 SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING Page 104 of293 (eui/6uj) s io s o u a v FIGURE 115. SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 4 - STOPE 1 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\suc\gap326.rcp Page 105 of 293 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:'ue\gn>326.rq? Page 106 of293 FIGURE 1 1 6 . SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING FIGURE 117. SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 4 - STOPE 4 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:toje\gap326.rcp Page 107 of 293 PROJECT HO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326jep Page 108 of 293 M IN E 4 - DEVELOPMENT END FIGURE 119. SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 4 - DEVELOPMENT 1 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\g^p326.rtp Page 109 of293 r e s ir a B l l D u s t^ m g / D p C O u -- a O a^o a . ------------------- 1------------------- i--------------------1_____________1_____________1____ 0 12 3 4 5 TOTAL DUST mg/m-"3 Figure 120 COMPARISON OF 13 mm AND 25 mm SHORT DURATION SAMPLES - DEVELOPMENT END (MINE 41 I 3mm 1.5 Ipm mg/m^3 Figure 121 COMPARISON OF TOTAL AND RESPIRABLE DUST SAMPLES FOR 13 mm FILTERS (MINE 41 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 110 of 293 4.5 Discussion A study ofFigures 56 - 58,74 - 78,96 - 99 and 114 - 119 as well as Figures 140 to 209 in Appendix A shows that short duration sampling can usefully be deployed to provide mdicatinns ofdust levels in the workplace, both in stopes and development ends. It has also been found to be posable to link particular dust levels to specific operations or activities. Ifthe results of such sampling are ottered in standard environmental control reports attention can be directed to unsatisfactory levels and malpractices. This is clearly seen, for example, in Figures 56 to 58. The dust levels from the dust producing activity noted in slope 2 ofthe first tests (Figure 56) are also reflected in the tyndallometer real time dust level trace depicted in Figure 57. Because a tyndallometer measures aerosol concentrations, that is all suspended particulates including water vapour, oil mist, dust, etc, direct comparisons with other sampling methods such as gravimetric samples are not always valid, with tyndallometer readings sometimes grossly exceeding the values obtained from other sampling methods. In addition, tyndallometers, in general, do not actually collect dust on a filter so that no actual physical sample is ever available and there is no dust on which pollutant analysis can be performed to establish actual toxicity. Nevertheless, tyndallometers can provide useful mformation but the remits must be treated with a measure of circumspection. A tyndallometer could be used, by exercising common sense and an understanding ofthe technique, by experienced personnel for trouble shooting. In the hands of an inexperienced operator readings could be misinterpreted especially if the use of this instrument is attempted on a routine basis because immediate action is required and it is considered that the delay for laboratory evaluations of samples is unacceptable. This is clearly illustrated in the sampling results of Stope 1 of Mine 4 (Figure 114) and the corresponding continuous tyndallometer trace shown in Figure 115. No respirable dust samples collected on the 13 mm filters would be regarded as unsatisfactory when compared to other samples collected by this method. The traverse sample, collected on a 25 mm filter during the same collection period as the tyndallometer, was also acceptable whereas, ifthe dust levels had been sustained at between 12 to 16 mg/m3 for approximately 15 minutes as indicated by the tyndallometer, the average dust concentration for the traverse sample could have been expected to be over 3 mg/m3. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\au*\gap326.rq> Page HI of293 Since this was not the case, it was possible that it was not mineral dust that had registered on the tyndallometer. If this instrument had been used on a routine baas, considerable effort may conscientiously have beat expended in tracing a non-existent dust source for the purpose ofcontrolling dust levels in the workings. One criticism that has been levelled at short duration samples being used for control dust sampling is that the samples are not real-time and only become available after laboratory assessment. This is true but it is in keeping with occupational hygiene practices, worldwide. There are many instances where samples, such as gas samples, are collected but can oniybe evaluated when the samples are processed and analysed in a laboratory. As mentioned above, tyndallometer readings can lead to erroneous conclusions and can only be used as a real time monitor with great caution. Essentially, there are four main reasons to carry out dust sampling: for dust control, for compliance testing, for epidemiological studies (occupational dust exposures) and for risk determination. These latter two reasons will be discussed later. When sang)ling for control purposes any method that can provide reliable and useful data should be considered for use and could easily include konimeter sampling. With this in mind, parallel sampling with gravimetric samplers (short duration) and konimeters was conducted at Mine 1. Graphical comparisons of these parallel sampling results are shown in Figures 81 to 88. It was not expected that a relationship could be derived between the two methods. The sampling was conducted to establish whether high dust concentrations recorded using short duration gravimetric samplers would be matched with high dust concentrations from konimeters. The results for individual slopes sometimes show apparent good correlation (Figure 66) but the overall results, plotted in Figure 73, indicate a poor relationship. Since the short duration gravimetric samples are capable ofproviding the required information with regard to the level ofdustiness within the workings, it would be preferable to adhere to a single dust sampling system. Initial indications of success with the technique led to the question of whether different size filters and different flow rates could produce equally acceptable results. The initial proposal featured the use of 13 mm filters for reasons already outlined. This would mean the acquisition of"non-standard" sampling cassettes and using "non-standard" filter diameters with `'non-standard" porosity (1,2 fxm) filters. Furthermore, to take full advantage ofthis PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\MC*Bip326.Rp Page 112 of293 sampling technique, micro-balances capable ofreading 1 /zg would also be required. Hence, ifstandard filters and cassettes could be used with equal success, the implementation ofthe proposed sampling strategy for workplaces would be easier for mines than if additional equipment had first to be acquired. Accordingly, parallel sampling with 13 mm fibers (1,5 0pm) was undertaken. Comparison ofstope averages are shown in Figures 79, 80,100 and 101. Comparison of all 13 mm and 25 mm filters results is shown in Figures 91 and 112. Hie findings presented above indicate that short duration samples can readily be collected on either 13 mm filters (1,50pm) or 25 mm filters (1,9 0pm) but that dust concentrations of the samples collected on the 25 mm filters are higher than those collected on the 13 mm filters. This bias and the reasons therefore were discussed in Section 3. The stope sample results thus confirm the findings ofthe sampling battery tests. The same comparison for the two filter sizes was also made in development ends on Mines 2,3 and 4 and are shown graphically in Figures 79, 113 and 120 respectively. In Figures 95 and 113 the dust concentrations were again found to be higher on the 25 mm filters but at the last mine there was no conclusive proof of this (Figure 120). The frequency distribution of the dust concentrations was plotted in Figures 92 and 93 for Mine 2 and Figures 109 and 110 for Mine 3. The frequency distribution shows that most ofthe dust collected on the 13 mm filters was ofmuch lower concentration than that collected on the 25 mm filters. The cut offfor the higher dust concentrations on the 13 mm filters reinforces the view that there was a mismatch of cyclones and sampling trains for the 13 mm filters resulting in an under sampling. It can be concluded that the use of standard cyclones and 25 mm filters would result in truer and more representative samples than would be possible with 13 mm filters at the lower sampling rate of 1,5 0pm. In addition to the short duration samples integrated samples were also collected. It was considered that, ifthe dust loads collected with the short duration samples proved to be too light to accurately assess, then integrated samples which use the same filter to collect dust at each measuring point, but the pump is stopped when travelling from one measuring station to the next, may prove to be more useful. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\auc\g*p326.rq> Page 113 of293 Although it proved to be practical to collect integrated samples, few comparisons between average short duration and integrated samples were made. Available data are compared in Figures 76,94 and 98, where a bias in favour ofthe short duration samples is seen. This can be explained by the fact that the integrated samples included samples in intakes, returns and worked out areas whereas the average face short duration samples did not. Integrated samples can provide indications ofworkplace dustiness but would be of little value in identifying actual places or processes within the workplace where high levels of dust may be generated. As an alternative to integrated samples, traverse samples could be collected in workplaces, hi this type of sampling, a single sample is collected in the workplace by starting the sampling pumps when the working place is entered and stopping it when it is exited. Such samples can also provide workplace dust levels but again would not be suitable to identify places or processes where high dust levels may occur. In addition, because sampling is continuous for about two hours, high dust concentrations will be diluted by excursions into zones where dust levels may be very low. This, in fact, proved to be the case and the findings are presented graphically in Figures 60, 83, 86 and 102. In Figure 86 a comparison is made between average face short duration samples collected on 25 mm filters and traverse samples. The bias towards higher concentrations for short duration samples is not altered with a change in filter diameter. It was shown in a previous research project(1> that full shift samples did not provide much useful information with regard to workplace exposure or in assisting with the identification ofdusty places or processes. In the majority ofinstances full shift sampling results gave no indication ofexposure to high dust levels because the averaging process diminishes peak values and they are therefore `lost". During this investigation, full shift sampling was arranged for the stopes where the other measurements were taken in order to ensure that all sampling was conducted in the same workplace. Comparisons offull shift sampling and average face short duration samples are shown in Figures 62, 85, 88, 103 and 105. Clearly, the expected bias towards higher dust concentrations for the short duration samples is once again evident. This serves to emphasise the fact that sampling strategies/techniques need to be shaped around the sampling objective. PROJECT NO. Y2401 FILE NAME: j%ue\g*p326.rep Page 114 of293 An additional comparison was made between integrated samples and traverse samples. As would be expected the integrated samples displayed higher values than the traverse samples and this can be seen in Figures 63 and 89 although there are few points plotted in Figure 89. Again, as could be expected, a comparison ofintegrated samples with full shift samples indicated a bias towards the integrated samples having the highest values. This can be seen in Figure 64. When compared to full shift samples, the traverse samples could be regarded as a form ofshort duration sample and could also be expected to return higher dust levels than full shift samples. This proved to be the case as can be seen in Figures 65, 90 and 106. A further comparison was made at Mine 4 ofrespirable and total dust samples. It could be argued that, ifthe level of dustiness in a working place is required and not personal, hill-shift samples, total dust could improve accuracy in monitoring, and thereby provide a good measure ofconditions because ofthe anticipated greater dust mass than would be collected for respirable dust samples. The results of the comparison are shown in Figure 121. As expected, the total dust concentrations were found to be higher than the respirable dust concentrations. This contrasts with the findings presented in Section 3 where little difference was found. However, the comparisons reported in Section 3 were made in Return Airways and it is possible that most ofthe coarse, non-respirable dust fraction had settled out before the dust reached the monitoring sites. This, however, was not the case where the face measurements were made at Mine 4 where coarse dust was closer to the source ofgeneration. For convenience comparisons of all sampling modes are shown in Figures 59, 80, 81, 82, 107 and 108. With the official abolishment of all konimeter sampling, mines experienced difficulties with gravimetric sampling to establish whether dust decay was adequate at the expiration of re entry intervals in development ends to permit entry by mining personnel Using the short duration sampling technique it will be possible to establish if dust levels have reverted to normal by collecting a 10 to 15 minute sample prior to blasting, and then collecting three successive 12 minute samples in the return air ofthe development end at the conclusion of the re-entry interval This will show a trend in dust concentrations. This technique has not PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\ue\gap326.rqp Page 115 of 293 been fully evaluated but no difficulties are anticipated on the baas ofpreliminary tests. Two of many notable recommendations that emerged from the 1959 Johannesburg Pneumoconiosis Conference P) are: 1. "In the light of present knowledge, dust measurements to assess health hazards should be expressed as the average level ofdustiness over an appropriate period of sampling, such as a shift. This measurement may be made by averaging a number of samples, or by using an instrument which automatically averages the dust over the period. Exceptional peaks of dust might also be recorded." 2. "More attention should be paid to designing a dust sampling strategy, bearing in mind the differences between sampling for purposes of dust control and sampling in order to determine the health hazard." The reasons for collecting dust samples are thus very important and will dictate both the strategy to be followed and the equipment to be deployed. Prior to the introduction ofgravimetric sampling, konimeter sampling was carried out for dust control purposes. The results of konimeter dust sampling, although by no means absolute, were routinely used in determining whether contamination constituted a danger to health, what and where the source of contamination was, and whether actions implemented to control emissions or liberation ofundesirable dust concentrations into the work environment were having the desired effect. Such sampling was also used to confirm that satisfactory conditions had been achieved and maintained, to provide records ofdust conditions to assist in studying trends and also to assist with the design of ventilating systems. All dust sampling was centred around control purposes and the philosophy was that, if dust levels can be controlled in the workings, then exposures and doses will be controlled. However, the advent of gravimetric dust sampling heralded the abolishment of official control dust sampling for a large number ofmines. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j>sue*gip326.rcp Page 116 of 293 As was found in a previous project*1', and noted in comparisons between fill! shin samples and short duration samples, there is very little meaningful correlation between results, hi reality, little correlation should be expected because the systems are intended for different purposes. The present investigation has shown that short durations samples, collected gravimetrically with standard equipment on standard settings, are able to provide very useful information on dust conditions at different localities within the workings in both slopes and development aids. It is therefore feasible to use the results of such sampling to compile a workplace risk. Any workers in the workplace would be exposed to this risk but this may not necessarily be the health risk to the workers because this should be determined from full shift samples. By compiling an inventory of workplace risks, workplace conditions may be compared. The question then to be asked is: How should workplace dust levels measured with the short duration sampling technique be interpreted? A comparison with an eight hour sample is illustrated below (*) Full shift personal sample: 8 hours TWA 0.5 mg/m3 = 4.0 mg/m3 -hour (y) Short duration sample: 15 minute av 6.0 mg/m3 =1.5 mg/m3 -hour Assuming steady state, the eight-hour equivalent for (y) would be 0.19 mg/m3. This appears to be very much lower than the 0.5 mg/m3 reported for (x). However, if the same short duration dust concentration were to be measured over an hour instead of 15 minutes, the following would be derived: (z): one hour at ave 6.0 mg/m3 gives 6.0 mg/m3 -hour Converting to an eight hour equivalent gives 0.75 mg/m3 and this is then higher than the 0.5 mg/m3 of case (x). PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j'aue\gap326rp Page 117 of293 By extending the monitoring time the projected eight-hour concentration is seen to increase, but the real concentration has remained unchanged. The workplace levels should thus be quoted at face value ie the 15 minute concentration, and the average of the working face levels can be used as a measure ofthe working places' dustiness. Average face dust concentrations can be used as an index ofworkplace conditions and can be used to compare conditions in different workplaces. Analyses of samples should not be necessary if an industry level of 20 percent for quartz content is adopted as was proposed in a previous project(>). Since the toxic content of an airborne pollutant is used mainly in the determination of personal ride it may not be necessary to determine the toxic content to describe workplace risk. If the toxic content is not disregarded or taken to be some industry average then the implications are that each short duration sample or combination of samples would need to be analysed before the workplace risk can be determined. However, the results presented in the report show that only small masses of dust are collected for short duration samples and that the quartz content of such small masses was found to be, to all intents and purposes, less than the detection limit of20 /zg. Where very much higher quartz concentrations exist the quartz content may be measurable. To ensure that quartz content for a workplace can be ascertained it will become necessary to do so from either a traverse sample or an integrated sample which means the deployment ofadditional equipment. This would mean both a delay in reporting on dust conditions, which would defeat one ofthe objectives of short duration sampling, and an escalation in sampling costs. It has been shown that the correlation between full shift dust concentrations and short duration dust concentrations is poor, with the fell shift samples generally returning considerably lower values than the short duration samples since the eight hour averaging process eliminates peak concentrations. For the same reasons fell shift quartz levels could be lower than short duration quartz levels, hr a previous project(,) it was proposed that an industry average concentration of 20 percent for airborne quartz should be considered. This, however, referred specifically to fell shift sampling and may not really be applicable to short duration sampling in workplaces. If it is considered really necessary to define workplace risk in terms of an airborne quartz concentration then, if PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: jVudgi|>326.rcp Page 118 of293 an average value is to be used to avoid analytical procedures and delays, it may be necessary to specify a concentration different from 20 percent for these samples, and without an in-depth investigation, a recommendation on what value to use cannot be made. The average quartz concentrations for Mine 1 were well below 20 percent and, as determined from traverse and integrated samples, varied from slope to slope. Some high average face dust concentrations, ascertained from 13 mm filters, have resulted in the average risk of 153 percent for the workplaces measured. If a value of 20 percent for quartz is used, this average escalates to 5SS percent and, clearly, if a levy was being based on this risk, the mine would have been disadvantaged by using an industry average. In any event, mines have no control over the airborne quartz content and any levy based on this variable cannot be justified (1). However, reference to Table 7 shows that, if average free dust levels are compared, such comparison will indicate which working places are the dustier, although the differences will not be as striking because there are no multipliers and no squaring functions. At Mine 3 (see Table 11) the average free quartz concentration was determined from the traverse samples and used to calculate a risk for each stope based on 13 mm and 25 mm fibers respectively. The average risk for the stopes monitored was determined from all the individual slope's risks and not from the average dust concentration and average quartz content. Once again, the 13 mm fibers' resubs proved to be lower than those ofthe 25 mm filters. This anomaly has already been discussed. As expected, the average risk ofworkplaces monitored and based on measured quartz content (18,1 percent) is not very different from the risk calculated at 20 percent quartz. The actual average face dust concentrations could be used to compare levels of dustiness in the workplaces but the differences become clearer when a workplace risk is calculated. Risks for the development ends surveyed at Mine 4 show similar dustiness patterns, with it being possible to compare levels of dustiness in workplaces by referring to average dust concentrations. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sudgap326.rep Page 119 of 293 It is also clear that mates' dustiness levels could also be compared, provided that samples are collected and analysed strictly according to guidelines set out by the GME. When the GME's gravimetric dust sampling programme commenced, each mine was divided into areas which were sub-divided into statistical populations. Five percent of the workforce in each statistical population was sampled in each six-monthly sampling cycle, the average exposures for the statistical population were then determined and, once die samples had been analysed for quartz content (usually at the conclusion ofthe sampling cycle), the AQI for the statistical population was calculated. The "risk" for the statistical population was then calculated from the relationship RISK = 4 (AQI)2 and the risk was then multiplied by the number ofpersons in the statistical population. Finally, all the products ofpersons and risk were totalled from each statistical population and divided by the total number ofpersons in all the statistical populations to give a person weighted risk for a sampling area. A similar procedure was followed for each sampling area and finally for the mine. A similar concept is now proposed but using the results of short duration samples. For example a mine can be split up into, say, mine overseers' sections. The average dust concentration in each working place in this section would be multiplied by the number ofpersons in the section. Once again all the products would be totalled for the section and divided by the number ofpersons to give a person weighted workplace exposure or "risk". The results from all sections could be used to calculate a mine person weighted workplace exposure or "risk". This system of sampling, i.e short duration, would make it easy for check samples to be conducted and also for appropriate inspectors to conduct their own surveys. Careful consideration should be given as to whether it is acceptable for mines to conduct their own risk evaluations if any form of levy is to be attached to the risk. With the GME's dust sampling programme there was little choice, but with the proposed workplace sampling it would be possible for independent surveys to be carried out in order to ensure quality control. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\gop326.rep Page 120 of 293 Ifdust sampling is conducted in workplaces for control purposes then the possible role oftotal dust samples should be considered. Total dust samples do not require cyclones and the equipment would thus be less costly than that required for respirable dust samples. However, as has already been shown in this section as well as in Section 3, the magnitude of total dust samples is affected by settling processes apart from formation processes. Therefore, to be able to make comparisons, uncontrollable variables should be omitted from any calculations. In effect, this means that only respirable dust samples should be collected, provided that all equipment in the sampling train is matched. Another way of describing the risk in a workplace could be in terms ofthe amount of pollutant added to the air within the workings. In simple terms this could.be the difference between the intake and exit levels of dust. A perusal ofthe tables of results, however, shows that in many instances exit levels were lower than intake levels. This can be due to settling effects, dilution with other air streams and temporal and spatial displacement. This approach in many instances would thus not be of any use and should therefore not be considered. Full shift samples can be evaluated in terms of eight-hour Time Weighted Average Threshold Limit Values (TWA - TLV). However, a short duration sample (15 minutes) cannot be evaluated by the same criteria. A Threshold Limit Value is the airborne concentration of a contaminant to which it is believed that most workers may be repeatedly exposed (five days a week; eight hours a day) without developing adverse health effects. They are not sharp lines between "safe" and "unsafe" conditions and are not a gauge oftoxicity(4). PROJECT NO: Y240I FILE NAME: j\sue\gap326.rep Page 121 of 293 One limitation of an eight-hour Time Weighted Average is that it does not take into account situations where there is exposure to a high concentration of contaminant for only a short period oftime. A single, high level exposure could in itself result in adverse health effects, even though the eight-hour TWA is below the TLV. This is illustrated below. Exposure Time Contaminant Minutes 15 Xylene Concentration ppm 3 200 8 hour TWA ppm 100 TLV ppm 100 Obviously, the TLV has not been exceeded but, concentrations greater than 900 ppm are immediately dangerous to life or health. Similarly, eight-hour TWA exposure limits may not be appropriate for controlling pneumoconiosis because lung impairment may be induced by transient peak exposures rather than sustained exposure levels(5). The concept is illustrated in Figure 122. Figure 122 CONTINUOUS DUST LEVEL TRACE WITH TRANSIENT PEAK EXPOSURES PROJECT HO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:'suc\gapJ26.rep Pge 122 of293 The following comparison can be made Exposure 8 hour TWA (A) 8 hours at 0.5 mg/m3 (B) 10 minutes at 24 mg/m3 0.5 mg/m3 0.5 mg/m3 Obviously, the eight-hour TWAs are identical and, therefore, provided no additional dust is inhaled for case (B) the dose would be identical. This concept is further illustrated by referring to Figures 53 and 54 where successive 15 minute samples are plotted against average dust concentrations for a two hour period. The comparison was made to evaluate different sampling methods but the results clearly indicate that the "continuous" short time based samples are again capable of detecting peak concentrations which the averaging process eliminates. It is, of course, noted that, when compared to a continuous realtime evaluation of dust concentrations, even the 15 minute samples can be regarded as an averaging process. Nevertheless, "continuous "15 minute samples can reveal peak concentrations, even though the magnitude may be damped. Dust is an irritant and when inhaled in high concentrations, even for short periods of time, can cause the respiratory tract to overreact and make breathing difficult. In the example set out above, even though the doses are the same, the deposition patterns and rates are vastly different. In case (B) the body (particularly the respiratory tract and lungs) and natural defense mechanisms (production ofphlegm and coughing) would be substantially overloaded when compared with case (A). Consequently, (B) would be experiencing a higher health risk than (A) for the same average eight hour dose. The cumulation of exposure to transient peaks of dust could thus be more important in causing lung impairment than exposure to sustained but substantially lower average dust concentrations. Ride to workers could thus be defined in terms ofexposure to transient peaks instead of in terms of average exposure. Ihe technology to identify and evaluate transient peaks realistically and practically (not using a tyndallometer) is still being sought and may well lay in the development of a 15 minute "continuous"sample. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: jW\gap326.rcp page 123 of293 4.6 Conclusions 4.6.1 Hie 1959 Johannesburg Conference on Pneumoconiosis drew attention to the differences needed for dust sampling strategies aimed at control purposes and those for measuring die health hazard. With the abolishment of all official konimeter sampling, control dust sampling ceased on a large number ofmines. As a consequence the levels of dustiness in workplaces were not monitored nor reported. This really must be regarded as an undesirable development. It must, however, be noted that unofficial konimeter sampling was persisted with on some mines by very concerned and conscientious environmental control staff in spite of severe criticism and discouragement from the DME. 4.6.2 The four essential elements in any occupational hygiene programme are hazard recognition, identification, measurement and control The latter two elements all but disappeared from the operational functions of a large number of environmental control departments. 4.6.3 Having had a new monitoring system imposed on them, most mines rightly asked what, where and how should health hazards, with regard to airborne dust, be measured with the new monitoring equipment. This project investigated the possibility ofmeasuring workplace dust levels which could then be used to establish a workplace index or risk which is not to be compared with personal risk. It was found that short duration samples could give very meaningful results both in slopes and development ends. These samples can be related to localities and activities and checks can readily be made. The technique can also be used by various inspectorates wishing to determine levels ofdustiness in working places. Short duration measurements can be used to monitor the maintenance and effectiveness of control measures and to determine trends in workplace dustiness. In addition, the short duration samples can be used to establish a workplace risk and also a mine section risk, which is person weighted, and on which a mine person weighted risk can then be calculated. Improvements in working place dust levels, section risk and ultimately mine risk will be commensurate with the effort expended in reducing and maintaining reduced dust levels. The deployment of the short duration samples will make an independent PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: jtaie\g*p326.rtp Page 124 of293 assessment ofmine ride and workplace levels of dustiness possible. The fact that the results of any dust surveys will not be known at the time of measurement, but will be subject to delays until a laboratory assessment can be made, should not be viewed as a disadvantage, as this would be in keeping with international practices of occupational hygiene investigations where many pollutants require laboratory evaluation. Total and respirable dust samples were investigated and it is concluded that, for uniformity and consistency ofmeasurement respirable dust samples should be used. 4.6.4 Short duration samples were compared with konimeter samples, traverse samples, integrated samples and foil shift samples and it is concluded that only the short duration samples should be used to measure workplace dust levels. Different sample rates and filter diameter and porosity were also investigated and it is recommended that standard 25 mm filters of0,8 fxm porosity be used at a flow rate of 1,9 {pm. Other combinations gave results which could be used for purposes of comparison but, because there was a mismatch of cyclones and sampling rates, accuracies were compromised. Since Threshold Limit Values are used in conjunction with eight hour or full shift exposures, they are not directly applicable to 15 minute samples, hi order to determine workplace dust levels it was shown and is recommended that face value readings be used. Where dust levels on fibers are too light to assess, they should simply be reported as such (TLA) and the interpretation would be that the concentrations would not present any form ofhealth hazard. Although the concept ofbasing a risk on the difference in dust levels between inlet and exit conditions is sound in principle, it has been shown that this may not work in practice and should therefore not be considered. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME. j\*ue<pp326sep Page 123 of293 4.6.5 Tyndallometers could be used for trouble shooting but should not be used for routine measurements. In inexperienced hands incorrect interpretation ofreadings would result in unnecessary additional investigations. Where transient peak dust concentrations occur in the workings, if only a fraction ofthe transient is sampled during the collection ofa short duration sample the result will be an elevated concentration. Ofcourse, the transient peak may be missed altogether but an observant environmental official will know when additional samples may need to be collected. 4.6.6 The establishment ofworkplace risk, using the short duration sampling technique, is entirely possible but determining worker risk is not as clear cut. The eight-hour TWA may not be truly indicative ofrisk since, as has been indicated, peak exposures over short durations oftime could be very harmful. The true ride could lie in the peak exposures and the cumulative effect of these peaks and not of the average exposure. Present techniques and technologies, the use oftyndallometers included, do not readily permit the identification and measurement of such peaks. This could well be the subject of a future research project. It has been shown that it is possible to determine workplace dust levels using standard gravimetric dust sampling equipment, and hence the reporting ofdust concentrations and sampling for control purposes should be re-introduced. Ideally, if integrated dust measurements of all working places in mines could be made along the lines of section evaluations, the results ofwhich could be used for control purposes and at the same time provide dust indices or "risks" which are related to person weighted exposure levels, sampling to establish a dust health hazard would be placed on a more acceptable and meaningful basis. This could form the basis of a future research project. If the philosophy of controlling dust in the first instance to control exposures in the second instance is applied, then conditions in the workings would be kept under control. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\auc\M326p Pag* 126 rf293 5. OCCUPATIONAL DUST SAMPLING 5.1 Introduction A very important conference on pneumoconiosis was held in Johannesburg, The 1959 Johannesburg Conference in Pneumoconiosis, which was attended by the leading authorities ofthe time. Many forthright recommendations were made and some ofthe more relevant ones are noted below. 1. In the light of presort knowledge, dust measurements to assess health hazards should be expressed as the average level of dustiness over an appropriate period of sampling, such as a shift. This measurement may be made by averaging a number of samples, or by using an instrument which automatically averages the dust over the period. Exceptional peaks of dust concentration might also be recorded. 2. More use should be made ofdust sampling instruments with size selecting devices, which collect only the respirable fraction ofthe dust. 3. More attention should be paid to designing the dust sampling strategy, bearing in mind the difference between sampling for purposes ofdust control and sampling in order to determine the health hazard. 4. Further studies should be made of the dust exposure in various occupational groups. 5. Epidemiological studies to determine dose-response relationships in man should be continued and expanded. 6. It is desirable to assess the degree ofpathogenicity ofvarious dust mixtures with various amount offree silica. After nearly 40 years the recommendations may still be regarded as valid but industry does not appear to have taken action on all ofthem. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\*ue\gap326.rcp Page 127 of 293 Hie reasons for collecting dust are very important and would dictate the strategy to be used and the equipment to be deployed. As noted in the previous section, the differences between sampling for control purposes and sampling to determine the health hazard should be borne in mind. While the "snap" or very short duration samples collected in konimeter sampling were useful for determining workplace dust levels and for testing the efficiency of control measures, they could never be equated to full shift exposure. Full shift samples which gave results in terms of a respirable particle count per unit volume (ppmf) could be obtained from thermal precipitators. Such investigations were few and far between and mostly undertaken for research purposes and not on a routine basis. All official konimeter sampling has been abolished and only full shift sampling is conducted using gravimetric samplers according to strategies set out in guidelines by the DME w. The purpose of this sampling is to provide results from which a risk is calculated after the dust has been analysed for toxic content. Results from a previous project(1> have shown large variations in dust levels and large variations in quartz content of the airborne dust from personal sample to personal sample, from one sampling population to the next, from one sampling area to the next and from one sampling cycle to the next. Risk levies based on such randomness can be shown to have little meaning, and the dust sampling strategy to have little relevance. The concept of gravimetric sampling is a good one and offered the opportunity to make a start in compiling and investigating exposure levels for different occupation groups. Unfortunately, this has not been done since the results were reported in "activity" categories and, although a large volume ofdata has accumulated, no analyses ofthe data have been presented. Previous occupational dust surveys, although thorough, were carried out on an industry basis by a very small team, the Pneumoconiosis Research Unit (PRU). The instruments used were konimeters and thermal precipitators, which gave dust concentrations in terms of a particle count (pp ml) and Modified Thermal Precipitators (MTP) which gave results in terms ofrespirable surface area (RSA). Average exposure concentrations were linked to particular occupations. In epidemiological studies these measuring units are no longer internationally accepted and the konimeter and MTP cannot monitor continuously. Continuous monitoring over a full shift is considered to be fundamental PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\suc\gap326.rqp Page 128 of293 to personal exposure monitoring as are exposures in terms ofmass concentrations. At present, estimation of worker exposure Sill relies heavily on the results of these previous occupational dust surveys conducted nearly 40 years ago and which were not truly personal exposures and which did monitor exposures for all population groups. Whereas previous surveys were conducted with, what is now apparent, inappropriate instrumentation. Industry is now equipped with gravimetric samplers, developed to measure shift long exposures. The infrastructure is also in place to routinely conduct occupational dust surveys for all occupations and all population groups. This component ofthe project was aimed at carrying out occupational dust sampling on selected personnel to determine if differences in eight hour Time Weighted Averages could be detected. During the progress ofthe project, a Special Interest Group strongly recommended that mine dust sampling records be examined and that comparisons between the mines' results and the project results be drawn up. At the commencement of this investigation, only two major occupation groups were selected for observation and measurement. The groups selected were supervision and timbering (stope support). However, due to multi skilling practices additional work categories were sampled since the person selected for sampling performed work which was different from his designated work category. This led to fewer samples in the selected categories than was planned for and, rather than discard any samples, additional work categories were included in the report. 5.2 Test Sites These were the same as described in 4.2. PROJECT HO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\cAgap326.rcp Page 129 of293 5.3 Methodology With the assistance ofenvironmental and human resources personnel, employees in the two selected occupational categories ware selected for personal dust sampling and, when the sampling pumps were issued, explanations for the monitoring were given and co operation to participate was encouraged. When campling commenced at the first mine, attempts were made to issue 20 sampling pumps each day. The logistics ofissuing so many pumps, record keeping and retrieval ofthe pumps and noting shift details proved to be impractical. This resulted not only in spoilt samples but in having to recover pumps from such places as change houses, etc. Consequently, although it meant that fewer samples were collected, the number ofpumps issued on a daily basis was reduced to a more manageable 10 or 12. This work was conducted at the same time as the short duration sampling and one full shift sample was arranged for the working places where the short duration tests were being conducted. A recent innovation in mining is the implementation ofmulti skilling. In this practice, work teams for a particular work place are assembled from a number ofemployees, for example machine operator, loco driver, winch driver, etc. Although a person may have a specific job description on his record, he may be called upon to perform any task assigned to him for a particular day. On the following day, the same person may be assigned a different job ofwork and may even perform two different jobs on the same day. What this meant then was that, although persons in the two selected job categories were chosen for sampling, the person may have actually performed any one of a number ofjobs. It thus became necessary to interview persons at the completion ofthe shift to ascertain actual work performed. Consequently, additionaljobs or occupation categories entered the analyses. During the sampling period at a mine, copies of the results of the two most recent sampling cycles were collected for analyses and comparison with project results. Results are reported in terms of "activities" to the DME and hence original data entries had to be scrutinized to establish the occupations for the persons reported on. Unfortunately, due to multi skilling, as explained above, the actual work performed may not have coincided with the designated occupation. PROJECT NO. Y2401 FILE NAME: jVwe\pp326.rcp Pap 130 of293 All samples woe transported to CS1R: Mining Technology's laboratory for analyses and evaluation. Once mass determination had beet completed, all samples were subjected to X-ray Diffraction examination to determine the quartz content. It was not possible to determine the quartz content of samples for the selected work categories from mine records since the persons selected came from different statistical populations and areas and samples had been combined for analyses. 5.4 Results 5.4.1 Mine 1 The results ofCSIR Mining Technology's investigation are set out in Tables 15 and 16 and 16a. Exposure measurements, including quartz analysis, are shown in Table 15 and occupation data are shown in the other two tables. Risk, based on dust and quartz levels, has been calculated for each occupation and a person weighted risk for all occupations sampled has been calculated for actual quartz concentration and for a standard of 20 percent quartz. A summary of averages, maxima and minima and standard deviations based on mine data is given in Table 17. The breakdown ofthe mine's results are set out in Tables 18, 18A, 18B, 18C and 18D. Extractions from mine records on which the analyses were performed are computed in Tables 27 and 27A to 27AA, which can be found in Appendix B. Graphical analyses of data are shown in Figures 123 to 127. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: jVcftgip326.rq> Page 131 of293 5.4.2 Mme2 The summary ofCSDC Mining Technology's results is shown in Table 19 and details of die occupations monitored hi Tables 20 and 20A. A summary ofaverages, maxima, minima, and standard deviations for mine data is given in Table 21 and occupation <k*ls in Tables 22 and 22A. Extractions from mine records are to be found in Tables 28 and 28A to 281. Graphical presentations of analysis are featured in Figures 128 to 132. 5.4.3 Mine 3 CSIR: Mining Technology's exposure data are summarized in Table 23 and occupation details are set out in Tables 24 and 24A Analyses are depicted in Figures 133 and 134. Owing to the software package used by the mine, attempts to extract meaningful data proved to be futile. The selection of statistical populations and persons within the statistical population was puzzling and surprising as were the number ofdifferent persons doing similar work but selected as different work categories. In a statistical population coded as "underground mechanized mining", a barman and assistant barman were sampled. Similarly a gardener was sampled. The selection o for example, an electrician, electrician's aid, electrician's assistant and a black electrician as different work categories appears to be unjustified. The complexity of the composition of the sampling strategies and consequent results made it impossible to extract usable and meaningful data for any sort of comparison. Consequently, the results from the mine were not used and are not presented. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE HAME: jWc^.326jcp Page 132 of293 5.4.4 Mine 4 CSIR: Mining Technology's data are presented in Tables 25, 26 and 26A. Graphical analyses are shown in Figures 135 and 136. For similar reasons given in section 5.4.3, no data for Mine 4 are presented. 5.4.5 All times A comparison of exposures for all mines is shown in Figure 137 and frequency distributions ofexposures are shown in Figures 138 and 139. PROJECT HO: Y240I FILE NAME: j\*%*>316jf> Ph* 133 of293 | 96 0 Table 15 SUMMARY OF CSIR MINING TECHNOLOGY OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA - MINE 1 s tAo NM' (0 o 0 ts ft: h KOO <8C ft: l || 1 4.0 1 I 1.73 1 1 | X <rMt s IfoOr ,,5 a o 6 - aa --- 1 r o to X o2 t 5 S ll ? t o 36 8 o s o a o s o o 1 rt -r r *M X ** ? 8853 odo 1 '' o 3 a C 1 odd' " o <A - o - - * - r Cl k. X ** a IIIbe t 7 o s p* n 3 c s s o 3 a o rj 1 oooooOooooOoo ? 1 8 O oa a o * 8 O a o 8o o 3O 3 o o 5 o 8 o " ' n " " 40 to n o01 rt o .. fN r> X 11 n * s 3 - - s 1 oooOo - s(0 ir3 1 3 o 3 O s o - g 5 (N "' a * o O-- * fOli *>< 1 o o 3 o a o 8 O a o 3 5 o 3s "" P4- 3 o 3 o n R o O i o 3 1 oz n Pw X f= c UD 5, iSgl o O ? 1 1 a38n oO "' 83 oO d }-- OC 0CL W v A iO tAo o' 'T (M O z r> 3X a d N o | o o CM 0 p V oo | 0.82 | OTHER *f* p Am tCoM o p sdo O o CD ro K to CM tr p o' o d o' I o 40 N CM A N.* d S CM h ec 2 CaM *r CD o CM (pO a o' o' o r> o </> oN An Ao to o N d o o o' 0 N A to z d v o r> CM 0 U) 5 X Ui n h* o No 8 po V o d o' CM D W o ACO tAO p o o' CM o p An d d M1 o O o Z 3 A o Op M CTM X o' o o o O NO to o CO nto Oto oo o (M V p*r o AN* o 2 . C*L oddopi vf IiDn v t op d*- dto v^ <0 <0 N* on Ao oV oV o n nCM ov doidK N. *- m " T odd 3 CJ3t a ft: 1 CONSTRUCTION | VALUES @ 20 % Np OA NNdr- tdo O0 N(O NN ddd ^ o> o to tn to dd^ N A p NN p *7 <7 -* d d PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 134 of 293 TABLE 16 DETAILS OF CSIR : MINING TECHNOLOGY OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA - MINE 1 Occupation Mach operator assisstant Construction Team Leader 227 Construe Team Leader 227 Construe Team Leader 214 Machine Operator 214 Machine operator 214 Machine operator 214 Machine operator 213 Stoping M/Timer 214 Machine operator 214 Machine operator 214 Machine 214 Machine Operator 214 Stoping 214 Machine Operator 214 Machine Operator 213 Stoping 213 Stoping 213 Cleaner 214 Winch Driver 214 Machine operator 214 Machine operator 227 Supervision 227 Special Tearn Leader 227 Special Team Leader 227 Special Team Leader 227 Special Team Leader 227 Special Team Leader 227 Special Team Leader 213 Stoping 227 Special Team Leader Actual work done Construction Construction Construction Construction Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Other Other Other Other Other Other Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Cone Cone TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 0.76 0.83 1.21 1.13 0.83 1.02 0.36 0.39 0.75 0.88 0.83 0.55 0.71 0.82 1.22 0.66 1.58 1.80 1.76 1.60 0.84 0.91 1.28 0.62 0.08 0.10 1.12 1.21 0.50 0.61 1.07 1.18 0.90 0.99 0.82 0.95 0.81 0.90 1.72 1.59 0.33 0.16 1.65 1.51 1.19 1.31 0.07 0.06 2.46 3.86 0.83 0.89 0.89 0.95 1.76 1.81 0.79 0.89 1.08 0.70 1.11 1.11 0.69 0.74 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\audgap326.rcp Page 135 of293 TABLE 16 A TABLE 16 CONTINUED Occupation Actual work done 213 Sloping 213 Sloping U/g labour 227 Special Team Leader 227 Support 227 Special Team Leader 227 Special Team Leader 213 Support 213 Stoping 227 Special Team Leader 227 Special Team Leader 227 Special Team Leader 213 Support 213 Stoping 213 Stoping 227 Special Team Leader 227 Special Team Leader 213 Stoping 227 Special Team Leader 227 Special Team Leader 225 Transport 225 General Team Leader 225 General Team Leader Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Transport Transport Transport Cone Cone TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 0.09 0.10 0.57 0.60 1.19 3.12 1.44 1.39 0.86 1.03 0.92 0.59 1.61 1.47 0.67 0.75 0.77 0.79 0.43 0.45 0.66 0.72 1.15 1.28 0.69 0.76 0.71 0.81 0.87 1.01 1.26 1.40 0.54 0.67 0.69 0.80 0.32 0.37 0.34 0.34 1.90 1.73 0.72 0.74 0.32 0.35 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME; j:%ucgap326.rcp Pate 136 of393 TABLE 17 SUMMARY OF STATISTICAL DATA FOR MINE OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LEVELS - MINE 1 CONSTRUCTION DRILLING Actual TWA Actual TWA mg/m3 mgAn3 mg/m3 mg/m3 SUPERVISION Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 SUPPORT Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 LASHING Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 TRANSPORT Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 AVERAGE 0.34 0.44 0.51 0.68 0.29 0.36 0.44 0.62 0.37 0.46 0.29 0J37 STD DEV 0.26 0.44 0.85 1.56 0.23 0.28 0.64 1.54 0.29 0.44 0.27 0.44 MINIMUM 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 MAXIMUM 1.93 2.76 11.95 22.31 0.91 1.32 7.36 18.13 1.89 3.33 1.33 2.49 - STD DEV 0.06 0.00 -0.34 -0.89 0.07 0.07 -0.20 0.92 0.06 0.02 0.02 -0.07 + STD DEV 0.61 0.88 1.35 2.24 0.52 0.64 1.06 2.15 0.66 0.90 0.56 0.81 No of People 204 34 136 99 56 PROJECT NO Y2401 FILE NAME: j:Vuc\gap326.rcp Page 137 of293 TABLE 18 SUMMARY OF MINES OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA - MINE 1 CONSTRUCTION Exposure Actual TWA mo/m3 mg/m3 DRILLING Exposure Actual TWA mg/m3 mgfnO SUPERVISION Exposure Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 SUPPORT Exposure Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 LASHING Exposure Actual TWA mg/ml mg/ml TRANSPORT Expc sure Actual TWA mg/mi mg/m3 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.15 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.09 0.11 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.03 0.04 0.10 0.12 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.04 0.04 0.13 0.19 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.06 i 0.09 0.14 0.05 0.08 0.18 0.22 0.08 0.11 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 ; 0.09 0.13 0.05 0.06 0.20 0.24 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.10 : 0.11 0.13 0.05 0.06 0.20 0.22 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.08 0.13 0.14 0.05 0.06 0.23 0.30 0.09 0.11 0.10 0.14 0.10 0.14 0.13 0.16 0.06 0.07 0.24 0.29 0.11 0.13 0.11 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.15 0.06 0.08 0.26 0.26 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.06 0.07 0.27 0.29 0.12 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.09 0.14 0.16 0.06 0.06 0.27 0.32 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.20 0.06 0.07 0.27 0.40 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.06 0.08 0.29 0.34 0.14 0.17 0.14 0.16 0.14 0.17 0.16 0.18 0.06 0.07 0.32 0.44 0.14 0.17 0.16 0.18 0.15 0.15 0.20 0.24 0.07 0.07 0.34 0.49 0.15 0.18 0.20 0.25 0.15 0.17 0.22 0.24 0.08 0.08 0.39 0.60 0.16 0.18 0.21 0.23 0.18 0.33 0.23 0.27 0.08 0.09 0.44 0.57 0.16 0.19 0.23 0.24 0.20 0.21 . 0.24 0.24 0.09 0.10 0.47 0.48 0.16 0.19 0.23 0.24 0.20 0.22 0.24 0.34 0.10 0.11 0.48 0.62 0.17 0.19 0.24 0.30 0.21 0.22 0.24 0.30 0.10 0.11 0.54 0.68 0.17 0.19 0.24 0.27 0.22 0.26 0.24 0.37 0.10 0.16 0.55 0.51 0.19 0.21 0.24 0.33 0.24 0.30 0.25 0.26 0.10 0.13 0.56 0.60 0.21 0.27 0.24 0.26 0.25 0.31 0.25 0.27 0.13 0.15 0.63 0.85 0.21 0.31 0.25 0.28 0.26 0.32 0.25 0.23 0.13 0.14 0.64 0.53 0.21 0.27 0.25 0.41 0.28 0.29 0.26 0.33 0.15 0.17 0.68 0.67 0.22 0.31 0.26 0.34 0.28 0.33 0.27 0.31 0.15 0.17 0.91 1.32 0.22 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.29 0.32 0.27 0.31 0.16 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.27 0.32 0.29 0.33 0.27 0.28 0.16 0.22 0.24 0.42 0.27 0.30 0.33 0.32 0.27 0.34 0.17 0.20 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.33 0.35 0.45 0.27 0.34 0.17 0.30 0.24 0.30 0.28 0.32 0.36 0.48 0.27 0.35 0.18 0.25 0.26 0.31 0.28 0.31 0.36 0.40 0.27 0.32 0.18 0.23 0.26 0.33 0.29 0.36 0.38 0.37 0.27 0.32 0.18 0.21 0.26 0.43 0.29 0.34 0.38 0.43 0.28 0.33 0.19 0.26 0.26 0.31 0.30 0.34 0.39 0.47 0.28 0.32 0.20 0.31 0.26 0.35 0.30 0.35 0.39 0.47 0.30 0.58 0.20 0.22 0.26 0.30 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.41 0.30 0.33 0.20 0.22 0.27 0.31 0.32 0.31 0.42 0.59 0.30 0.33 0.20 0.30 0.27 0.35 0.33 0.51 0.42 0.56 0.31 0.31 0.22 0.22 0.27 0.31 0.34 0.39 0.46 0.54 0.31 0.38 0.22 0.26 0.28 0.34 0.34 0.36 0.48 0.59 0.31 0.29 0.22 0.30 0.28 0.32 0.35 0.37 0.53 0.64 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 138 of 293 TABLE 18 A TABLE 18 CONTINUED CONSTRUCTION Exposure Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 DRILLING Exposure Actual TWA mg/mS mg/m3 SUPERVISION Exposure Actual TWA mg/m3 m<ym3 SUPPORT Exposure Actual TWA npM npM LASHING Exposure Actual TWA myirO mg/m3 TRANSPORT Exposure Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.49 049 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.54 0.57 0.58 0.61 0.65 0.65 0.66 0.69 0.83 0.92 1.04 1.93 0.36 0.38 0.29 0.39 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.44 0.50 0.37 0.48 0.43 0.46 0.48 0.47 0.49 0.49 0.64 0.64 0.54 0.52 0.92 0.56 0.54 0.57 0.57 0.63 0.58 0.62 0.51 0.67 0.70 0.73 0.92 0.77 0.75 2.21 1.56 2.11 2.76 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.38 0.30 0.26 0.28 0.31 0.27 0.26 0.29 0.29 0.33 0.28 0.34 0.35 0.31 0.26 0.37 0.38 0.33 0.34 0.40 0.35 0.35 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.36 0.37 0.36 0.39 0.34 0.41 0.38 0.44 0.36 0.53 0.40 0.46 0.40 0.45 0.40 0.37 0.41 0.54 0.38 0.41 0.44 0.59 0.46 0.48 0.41 0.45 0.43 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.41 0.41 0.43 0.43 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.46 0.48 0.48 0.49 0.35 0.31 0.32 0.30 0.37 0.31 0.40 0.41 0.39 0.38 0.41 0.35 0.37 0.36 0.40 0.44 0.29 0.47 0.41 0.44 0.40 0.47 0.39 0.41 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.49 0.46 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.50 0.44 0.41 0.51 0.55 0.74 0.49 0.62 0.46 0.45 0.43 0.53 0.60 0.50 0.59 0.55 0.58 0.58 0.54 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.38 0.41 0.41 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.45 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.50 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.53 0.53 0.54 0.59 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.62 0.62 0.63 0.65 0.65 0.67 0.71 0.86 1.02 1.14 1.26 1.89 0.44 0.41 0.51 0.42 0.40 0.47 0.41 0.47 0.45 0.49 0.56 0.48 0.45 0.47 0.52 0.61 0.49 i 0.54: 0.57 0.59 0.60 0.63 0.60 0.58 0.65 0.64 0.81 0.59 0.59 0.49 0.74 0.66 0.73 0.78 0.77 0.99 0.73 0.68 0.89 1.45 1.10 1.65 1.86 3.33 0.61 0.75 0.82 0.82 1.16 1.33 0.68 0.86 1.21 1.07 1.78 2.49 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 139 of 293 TABLE 18 B TABLE 18 CONTINUED CONSTRUCTION Exposure Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 DRILLING Exposure Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 SUPERVISION Exposure Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 SUPPORT Exposure Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 LASHING Exposure Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/tn3 TRANSPORT Exposure Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.50 0.50 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.52 0.42 0.42 0.48 0.50 0.50 0.44 0.41 0.47 0.43 0.43 0.48 0.46 0.43 0.52 0.50 0.49 0.44 0.74 0.50 0.52 0.46 0.48 0.47 0.51 0.52 0.48 0.55 0.51 0.52 0.53 0.51 0.57 0.50 0.50 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.52 0.49 0.49 0.58 0.61 0.63 0.50 0.50 0.56 0.55 0.53 0.64 0.561 0.68| 1 0.49 0.50 0.50 0.51 0.51 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.57 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.60 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.62 0.63 0.64 0.67 0.68 0.68 0.72 0.73 0.75 0.75 0.84 0.86 0.89 1.06 1.24 1.48 1.71 7.36 0.56 0.70 0.59 0.62 0.63 0.53 0.63 0.51 0.64 0.73 0.62 0.83 0.66 0.66 0.68 0.71 0.62 0.61 0.65 0.65 0.68 0.70 0.96 0.74 0.67 0.70 0.65 0.77 0.78 0.80 0.80 0.91 1.09 0.88 0.91 1.07 1.33 1.19 1.46 1.95 2.05 3.86 18.13 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 140 of 293 TABLE 18 C TABLE 18 CONTINUED CONSTRUCTION Exposure Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 DRILLING Exposure Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 SUPERVISION Exposure Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 SUPPORT Exposure Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 LASHING Exposure Actual | TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 TRANSPORT Exposure Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.54 0.54 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.57 0.58 0.58 0.60 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.62 0.64 0.64 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.68 0.69 0.69 0.69 0.71 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.73 0.74 0.75 0.75 0.76 0.76 0.77 0.79 0.80 0.87 0.88 0.92 0.95 0.96 1.04 0.62 0.53 0.65 0.60 0.65 0.59 0.64 0.69 0.96 0.61 0.59 0.65 0.60 0.64 0.69 0.65 0.78 0.69 0.73 0.64 0.66 0.72 0.82 0.71 0.79 0.86 0.86 0.80 0.80 0.79 0.75 0.73 0.86 0.77 0.94 1.09 0.92 0.87 1.03 0.95 0.77 0.85 0.91 1.30 0.94 1.00 1.29 1.16 1.21 1.59 1.51 } PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 141 of 293 TABLE 18 D TABLE 18 CONTINUED CONSTRUCTION Exposure Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 DRILLING Exposure Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 SUPERVISION Exposure Actual TWA mg/rr>3 mg/m3 SUPPORT Exposure Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 LASHING Exposure Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 TRANSPORT Exposure Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 1.05 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.19 1.19 1.22 1.26 1.32 1.36 1.38 1.45 1.60 1.83 1.85 11.95 1 21 1.05 2.07 1.68 2.02 1.91 1.29 2.21 2.37 2.78 2.02 2.08 2.33 2.84 3.75 22.31 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\suc\gap326.rcp Page 142 of 293 TWA EXp q SURE - mg/m3 35 O I a - STD DEV SAVE RAGE STcTdEV Figure 123 COMPARISON OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES - CSIR MINING TECHNOLOGY DATA - MINE 1 TWA EXPOSURE - mg/m3 |a - STD DEV BAVERAGE STD QV~| Figure 124 COMPARISON OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES - MINE DATA MINE 1 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 143 of 293 TWA EXPOSURE - mg/m3 Figure 125 COMPARISON OF AVERAGE OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES - CSIR MINING TECHNOLOGY AND MINE DATA - MINE 1 . \ ./ -if. . . ' . . ; . .rv v-;; : *" ... .' .-:-- - --^-.-'-'-;vl4%t--'! : ** . .- h- ... - / 2 IOKD , .. UJ Q_ - !' * , \ ' . ,;v>v : ,>-vr .... -. -. . " vr - V.- . - i ill II i r 0-02 02-04 04-08 08-08 08-10 10-12 1.2-14 14-18 EXPOSURE - mg/m3 18-18 1 8 - 2.0 20 2 S 25 |bexposure ptwa] Figure 126 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES CSIR MINING TECHNOLOGY DATA - MINE-1 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 144 of 293 PERCENT 50 ' ' , > J L 1 Am ...... ..- 1 111 ^ - 11 1_J_j____ lI___________________ : 11 1 III 002 0 2-0 4 0406 0008 08-1 0 10-1 2 1 2-1 4 1 4-16 EXPOSURE - mg/m3 16-18 18-20 2.0-2S 25- |bexposure dtwa [ Figure 127 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES MINE DATA - MINE 1 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\suc\gap326.rep Page 145 of 293 Table 19 SUMMARY OF CSIR : MINING TECHNOLOGY OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA MINE 2 g is TRANSPORT Exposer* 1 I 0 r0a> 3O i ! r0* ft O ft O 5 I c* !0 03 Oa 1*3 ?! 1 I 0 <p0o O ! 1 ft !O O fOt O 8O a0 a0 a0 rt O a0 0 0 O a 0 a 0 ft 0 ft 0 3O 0 O 8O 1 !O O 30 ffOtl RO ct 0 a0 30 RO ft 0 a 0 a0 3O s0 ft 0 a 0 0 a0 8O O3 ? 1 ! (ON 8O 8O RO RO fOt s0 ft 0 8 O 8 O n 0 a 0 Oar> 0 0 rt 0 N O 0 ft O a O 3O ft 0 ft O fftt 0 a0 a 0 8O 3O O O ft O a 0 8O O rt h* CC fftt o' 0 Cl 0ft o' >- 5 b O Z JL ft 3 ft 0* Lc t'o I a ft 8 <f*t1 10 b o' b 0 o' CC UJ 0 rft b ft b ft 0 8 b *5 0 ft O b ftr 0 b 0 w> 0 = O 0 r*. b ng^ o' o o* o o' o O (0 6 6**' OTHER 1 Exposer* 1 SUPPORT | SUPPORT Exposer* 1 ? n0 8O 8 O C O rfOtt COt fOftt 3 O O a0ft A0 3O O O 8O a0 5? Z 2 . 1 I 30 O RO fOOt * O X O 3 23 CU0CJ. u2f]r 1 ! 8O 3 O O O ft 3O O c/> ? 0 1 I 8O 8O O ? 0 0 O 3O O O R 31 Q l2 1 3 !O B O a 0 <N O ft O a O s 0 O ? Q 1 n0 RO 0 3O y5 * E& g i3 00 1 S r* !a SO 8 O 8O - -- s 0 0a O O fs. 0 a O a 0 f0t a O O a 0 ft O fOt 8O 8O O 0a s. O -- 2ftft ft fl $ b00 F*. r- Ob s s s2z r r n 0 bbb bb 5 85 o' o o' 8 8UJ rr> u> 0 r CT 3CL b o' o' b o' V) 8 5* 3 0bbb f? Ot ft 0b m o ro m*--1 u CC 8 0 ft s a 8 0 b 0 o' 0 *HC0 3 58Rz 8 gb i o'oo u I6 3 zb 0 o sa*so5. z S gS{aJ5t PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j :\sue\gap326.rcp Page 146 of 293 TABLE 20 DETAILS OF CSIR : MINING TECHNOLOGY OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA - MINE 2 Occupation DEV 11/31 ASG EAST DEV GENERAL- INST PIPES PIPE LINER 2/28 FWD WEST TEAM LDR 11/29 MACH OP 12LVL DEV MACH OP 12LVL DEV MACH OP-DRILLING MACH OP-DRILLING MACH OP-DRILLING MACH OPRTR MACH OPRTR MACH OPRTR SPANNER 6/23-DRILLING DEV 11/30 ASG EAST DEV ASST DEVELOPMENT 12LVL 7/36 DEV ASST SHIFT BOSS ASST SHIFT BOSS ASST STOPING Stoping STOPING ASST 4/27 STOPING ASST 4/27 STOPING ASST 4/27 STOPING ASST STP 11/29 STOPING ASST STP 11/29 STOPING ASST STP 11/29 STOPING ASST STP 2/30 STOPING ASST STP 2/30 STOPING ASST STP 3/30 STOPING ASST STP 3/30 TEAM LDR 6/26 WINCH DRIVER WINCH DRIVER WINCH DRVR-IN 3E PANEL Actual work done Construction Construction Construction Construction Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Lashing Lashing Lashing Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Cone Cone TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 0.56 0.50 0.21 0.24 0.36 0.41 0.25 0.29 1.35 1.07 0.81 0.43 0.42 0.40 0.32 0.08 0.66 0.50 1.26 0.67 0.49 0.46 0.44 0.36 0.05 0.79 0.17 0.25 0.84 0.12 0.30 0.97 0.50 0.29 0.52 0.49 0.30 0.90 0.31 0.45 0.48 0.28 0.33 0.29 0.65 0.47 0.55 0.32 0.86 0.60 0.31 0.42 0.33 0.34 0.51 0.37 0.27 0.76 0.35 0.49 0.54 0.31 0.37 0.32 0.49 0.15 0.63 0.33 0.96 0.44 0.24 0.32 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 147 of 293 TABLE 20 A TABLE 20 CONTINUED Occupation Actual v^ork done M/O's ASST-ACCOMPANYM/O MINER (FRANS) SUPV 6/24 TEAM LDR 6/26 TEAM LEADER 4/27 TEAM LEADER E PANELS TM LDR 7/22 Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision 11/29 Stope timbering shift MACH OP-INST TIM PACKS MINER ASST 12/30 Q STOPE ASST 11/30 STOPE ASST 12/30 STOPE INSTALL PROPS STOPE-CHARGING UP STOPE-CHARGING UP STOPE-SUPPORT STOPING STOPING STOPING STOPING STOPING 10/30 P IE STOPING 10/33 STOPING 12/30 STOPING 12/30 STOPING 3/28 STOPING 3/28 STOPING 3/28 STOPING 4/26 STOPING 4/26 STOPING 6/23-IN ST PACKS STOPING 6/23-1NST PACKS STOPING 6/23-TRANSPORT PACKS STOPING 7/22 2W-SUPPORT,CHARGING UP STOPING 7/22-TIMBERING STOPING ASST 4/27 STOPING ASST 11/30 STOPING-INST PACKS & HYD PROPS STOPING-TRANS PACKS WINCH DRIVER WINCH DRIVR 11/30 Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support c ort Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support DEV LOADER DRIVER DRIVER ASST-TRANSPORT DRIVER ASST-TRANSPORT T ransport T ransport T ransport Cone Cone TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 0.02 0.03 0.37 0.23 1.16 0.43 0.74 1.03 0.47 0.25 0.33 0.17 0.80 0.54 0.40 0.20 0.36 0.57 0.47 0.49 0.30 0.49 0.44 0.61 0.38 0.23 1.24 0.24 0.72 0.74 0.38 0.30 0.49 0.34 0.25 0.38 0.95 0.47 0.52 0.62 0.97 0.87 0.66 0.51 0.69 0.37 0.22 0.41 0.39 0.26 0.41 0.63 0.50 0.54 0.34 0.55 0.49 0.70 0.44 0.26 0.42 0.28 0.26 0.86 0.42 0.26 0.54 0.37 0.29 0.41 : :5 0.56 0.62 0.75 0.87 1.14 0.85 0.55 0.38 0.36 0.25 0.45 0.25 0.45 0.511 0.18 0.53 0.60 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 148 of 293 TABLE 22 SUMMARY OF MINES OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA - MINE 2 CONSTRUCTION Exposure Actual TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 DRILLING Exposure Actual TWA mgfm3 m&m3 SUPERVISION Exposure Actual TWA mg/m3 mg'mj SUPPORT Exposure Actual TWA mt/m3 mg/m3 LASHING Exposure Actual TWA mc/m3 mgfrrO TRANSPORT Exposure Actual TWA mgfm3 mcym3 0.01 o.oa 0 09 0.09 0 09 0.10 0.14 0 14 0.16 0 16 0 17 0 17 0 17 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 21 0 22 0 23 0 23 0 26 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.34 0 35 0 35 0 37 0 36 0 39 0 40 0 41 0 41 0 41 0 42 0 43 0 44 0 45 0 47 0 48 0 48 0 50 0 51 0 51 0 51 0 52 0 53 0 53 0.01 o.os 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.11 0.14 0.14 0.06 0.20 0.18 0.20 0.21 0.23 0.19 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.27 0.24 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.36 0.37 0.36 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.44 0.41 0.41 0 46 0 49 0 47 0 44 0.49 0 46 0 55 0 56 0.50 0.59 0 54 0 60 0 51 0 53 0 66 0 66 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.27 0.27 0.29 0.33 0.33 0.34 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.48 0.48 0.52 0.59 0.60 0.60 0.85 0.66 0.78 1.50 1.81 11.09 j 0.11 0.16 0.15 0.17 0.21 0.23 0.30 0.30 0.25 0.26 0.36 0.32 0.35 0.37 0.36 0.42 0.41 0.45 0.46 0.44 0.52 0.57 1.88 0.54 0.68 0.67 0.62 0.79 0.80 0.81 1.72 1.88 0.10 j 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.19 0.21 0.22 0.23 023 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.32 0 33 0 33 0.33 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.06 0 06 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.13 0.13 0 15 0.16 0.16 0 17 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.18 0.19 0 21 0 20 0.19 0.23 0 25 0.23 0 26 0 27 0 25 0 27 0 30 0 28 : :9 0 32 0.29 0 32 0.31 0 32 0 31 0.33 0 34 0 34 0 38 0 40 0 34 0 41 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.40 0.40 0.41 0.41 0.42 0.42 0.20 0.04 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.30 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.35 0.20 0.19 0.21 0.24 0.24 0.21 0.41 0.24 0.29 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.32 0.28 0.26 0.29 0.32 0.31 0.35 0.36 0.33 0.40 0.34 0.39 0.42 0.51 0.44 0.40 0.40 0.47 0.48 0.47 0.48 | 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.19 0.21 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.39 0.39 0.40 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.51 0.54 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.66 0.70 0 711 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.11 0.15 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.18 0.21 0.24 0.24 0.30 0.32 0.39 0.33 0.35 0.36 0.33 0.36 0.39 0.40 0.40 0.41 0.43 0.44 0.42 0.46 0.56 0.45 0.46 0.44 0.46 0.49 0.49 0.61 0.80 0.62 0.57 0.65 0.72 0.78 0.85 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.13 0.19 0.22 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.33 0.35 0.35 0.37 0.41 0.42 0.42 0.44 0.49 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.57 0.57 0.85 0.91 1.01 1.10 1.32 1.38 2.02 0.01 0.02 0.04 O.OS 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.14 0.16 0.20 0.24 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.37 0.36 0.32 0.38 0.41 0.39 0.72 0.57 0.45 0.43 0.53 0.54 0.53 0.55 0 65 1.09 064 0.73 0.92 1.05 1.10 1.34 1.38 2.06 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FTI.E NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 150 of 293 TABLE 22 A TABLE 22 CONTINUED CONSTRUCTION Exposure Actual TWA mgfm3 mg'mj DRILLING Exposure Actual TWA mg'mj mgfm3 SUPERVISION Exposure Actual TWA m<ym3 rrgfm3 SUPPORT Exposure Actual TWA mgfm3 mgfm3 LASHING Exposure Actual TWA mgfm3 mgfm3 TRANSPORT Exposure Actual TWA mg'mj mg<m3 0 54 0.59 0.62 0 62 0 63 0.63 0.68 0.71 0 72 0.73 0 91 1.51 0.64 0.71 0.76 0.66 0.71 0.64 0.70 0.72 0.72 0.64 0.94 2.41 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.41 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.47 0.48 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.52 0.52 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.59 0.70 0.79 0.61 0.83 0.86 0.88 0.99 1.14 1.58 1.71 0.56 0.40 0.39 0.37 0.40 0.49 0.52 0.50 0.51 0.53 0.49 0.56 0.55 0.53 0.63 0.62 0.63 0.69 0.57 0.64 0.77 0.92 0.96 0.93 0.97 0.98 1.09 1.33 1.61 1.66 0.43 0.46 0.49 0.51 0.52 0.56 0.59 0.60 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.68 0.72 0.75 0.75 0.83 0.85 1.36 2.81 0.51 0.53 0.59 0.52 0.56 0.57 0.61 0.62 0.78 0.68 0.81 0.82 0.77 0.83 0.89 0.86 0.99 1.41 2.81 0.77 0.83 1.02 1.08 1.44 2.01 0.90 0.83 1.19 1.05 1.63 2.31 [ PROJECT NO Y240! FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 151 of 293 35 TWA EXPOSURE - mg/m3 TW A EXPOSURE - mg/m3 jr i gure 128 COMPARISON OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES TECHNOLOGY DATA - MINE 2 CSIR flUCU [d".'std'oev o average a**STo'oev; Figure 129 COMPARISONS OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES - MINE DATA MINE 2 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 152 of 293 TWA EXPOSURE -m g/m 3 oz . z a - *h o o o>O h O 3 5O' t- 2<n z O V) X Ui a 3 W UJ X H a: a in z H z X tn X O a a 3 (O o OCSIR:MINING TECHNOLOGY BMINE'S DATA 0 z -1 X a Figure 130 COMPARISON OF AVERAGE OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES - CSIR aiiciiNG TECHNOLOGY AND MINE DATA - MINE 2 ' V ; * *>* * ' ' ~T'' ' .*.. - .. < -. ' ;w . .. 7. , . ' . v, ' v . v"'Vj ' -' \.r 2 C""/ 0-`*r t. UOaJ cv>. *r -; r . V '?.**'* HI '>.**,vo - - - a. 1 * -*' r w-' r.ts4^. c>, ; V `i'T' > V '* 1 ;>' ; lYrriV:-- .:. ' * V * V^..` ^ Vv i'; >'?*??<* ' ' T : r - -*-<*'*V **\*;`v/ .- Y'V/..\`* 0-02 02-04 04-00 00-00 00*1 0 10* 1 2 1 2*1 4 1 4-1 0 EXPOSURE-mg/m3 10-10 10*20 20-25 [bexposure btwa~| 2S Figure 131 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES CSIR MINING TECHNOLOGY DATA - MINE 2 PROJECT NO. Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 153 of 293 PERCENT SO 43 35 EXPOSURE - mg/m3 [ H EXPOSURE 0 TWA ! Figure 132 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES MINE DATA - MINE 2 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 154 of 293 TABLE 23 SUMMARY OF CSIR : MINING TECHNOLOGY OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA - MINE 3 TRANSPORT E xpotur* * R I Io 1 io s > X I3 8. ! N a m> a in 1 1 2 a X a 5 * a 5 5 aa o IN o B a s Ck a IN o IN n IN IN S M3 a ak " : 3 i 8 Ia <3 n CJ o 5 8 d IN d a d in d a d a e 2 d 8 d N d 8 d A d a d 8 d 8 a N & 0ia 8 2 N M3 R ft *IN. IN R 1*3 a a a 9 *n 8 8 8 a 1a aOadd d d d d d d d dd d d d d 3 * n N m3 M3 B M3 n a a d d d M3 a d IN a a aM3 a M3 n IN o o a a s 9 a M3 a M3 * t ll I 88n o aw ft !aaOoaddo Rn dd a88 ddd ft 9 dd 9 d 9 d 9 a R ft 8 8 8 8 dd ddddaadd a85 dd o M3 3-a 8 8 ft a8R8 IN 8 ft R ft ft ft ft ft 8 0 a e8C88e 1 i a o o a o d d d d a d d d d d d d d d d d d d d a d O d d d IN 3 8* IN M3 Ml <9 o d * n 5 N Ml If 8 m R (N ft n 9 8 1 iO a a a d d d d 5? a uj w 988a89 1 ia a a a a d d d 3 a * a o Ml N s a mi IS R n R N 8 Q (S e < ia a a a d d d d d si 1 a 9 12 ft 8 M3 8 8 8 1 ?a a a add d d d 3 z * B. rt o rt * Ml d o 2 33 I ? 1 onRa9& oaaaddd $ J o oR R 88 u 1 o a a a d d d 3 PROJECT NO Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 155 of 293 TABLE 24 DETAILS OF CSIR : MINING TECHNOLOGY OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA - MINE 3 Occupation HELPER SHIFT BOSS TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER PRODA PRODA TEAM LEADER ORILLING ASSISTANT PRODA PRODA TEAM LEADER MINERS ASSISTANT TEAM LEADER PRODA PRODA PRODA TEAM LEADER MINERS ASSISTANT MINERS ASSISTANT PRODA PRODA PRODA PRODA TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER PRODA TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER PRODA TEAM LEADER PRODA PRODA. PRODA PRODA TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER PRODA Actual work done Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Lashing Lashing Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Cone Cone TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 0.33 0.34 0.29 0.22 0.27 0.28 0.65 0.74 0.41 0.42 0.60 0.67 0.07 0.07 0.89 0.35 0.66 0.19 0.75 0.40 0.69 0.39 0.51 0.88 0.41 0.63 0.20 0.36 0.23 0.79 0.41 0.55 0.54 0.57 0.13 0.14 0.37 0.27 0.27 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.75 0.53 0.49 1.51 0.14 0.31 0.26 0.81 0.57 0.39 0.15 0.10 0.08 0.31 0.52 0.27 0.31 0.54 0.17 0.46 0.20 0.62 0.47 2.63 0.15 0.34 0.31 0.96 0.61 0.43 0.17 0.12 0.08 0.34 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 156 of 293 TABLE 24 A TABLE 24 CONTINUED Occupation Actual work done SHIFT BOSS SHIFT BOSS TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER SUPV TEAM LEADER PRO DA PRODA TEAM LEADER MINERS ASSISTANT PRODA PRODA TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER PRODA PRODA TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER PRODA TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER PRODA PRODA PRODA TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER PRODA PRODA Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Transport Cone Cone TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 0.36 0.33 0.25 0.15 0.40 0.42 0.23 0.27 0.13 0.09 0.45 0.26 0.59 0.37 0.45 0.52 0.35 0.88 0.69 0.27 0.35 0.25 0.32 0.78 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.05 0.63 0.61 0.47 0.82 0.38 0.30 0.47 0.24 0.19 0.02 0.27 0.26 0.69 2.68 0.86 0.50 0.36 0.26 0.14 0.42 1.01 0.80 0.31 0.30 0.13 0.30 0.91 0.37 0.32 0.25 0.05 0.62 0.70 0.55 0.98 0.42 0.51 0.80 0.39 0.24 0.02 0.31 0.27 0.82 3.07 0.59 0.57 0.42 0.42 0.16 0.25 0.28 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 157 of 293 Figure 133 COMPARISON OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES - CSIR MINING TECHNOLOGY DATA - MINE 3 PERCENT Figure 134 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES CSIR MINING TECHNOLOGY DATA - MINE 3 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 158 of 293 TABLE 25 SUMMARY OF CSIR : MINING TECHNOLOGY OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA - MINE 4 U ^ -3 N4Q ______ E jo o fe # * 8* 11 1 5f 5 5 9I * S a rt fl S 9o oR 1 1 a o o o a o fl o o o 0 o 8 o 8 o o 98 0 1 8 8 8fl 9 ft o 1 9o o o o o o o o K ft A o 1 8z * 9 9a e 9 95 a 0i * a 5 fl 8 0 93 9 9 9 98 9 9 991ll ft a o o 9 R R 01 A R 9 1 \ooo9ooo * 5 \ f. o 8 o 8 o o 89 99 9 3 99 9 R e 9ft 9R 9* 9R 3 ft o *1 9 9 98 5* * * 9 R- R c ft ft R **9 " !i J 8 o 6 o e o C o o 9 ft o f9i 9 f9t 9 R9 f9t 9ft 9 3 o 39 3 o ft o f9t 89 89 e9 5 6 6 R ft ft 5 \ 6 o o 8 o n O t? o 9 o o a9 R9 R o 9 ft a R o n o 9R V9 39 o 9 ft f9t f9t 9 8 8 3 8 0 2 o 8 5$ a c 3 8 8 9*; ll I \ a o o o * O a o o r a 5 3 e a fl 8 ]oooooo o o R A 0 31 1 1 A o S * ft 5 \o 9 9 3s' # A R " - 9 ft 9 R : ! ft ? t *? 5 p 1 8 8 *6 9 9 9 9 9 89n \ oa8 a a * ft ft oooooooooooooo ft ft ft aooO o I 9 ft 9O- V 1 6 8 8u \ e a 8 o o o o o o o R o o ft r oo B o ft O ft o S o t ft ft P 8 3 3 oOo9aoo- Q. * ! PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp xS 8 *' <0 3-2 "3 C 2 i35 3N 3R 3; 8d c3t S 5l i Page 159 of293 TABLE 26 DETAILS OF CSIR : MINING TECHNOLOGY OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA - MINE 4 Occupation Actual work done TEAM ATTDT-CONSTR TIP TEAM ASST TEAM LDR TEAM LDR TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM ASST TEAM ASST TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM ASST TEAM ASST TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM ASST TEAM ASST TEAM LEADER TEAM ASST TEAM ASST TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM ATTDT TEAM LEADER TEAM ASST TEAM ASST TEAM ATTDT TEAM LEADER TEAM ASST TEAM ASST TEAM LEADER TEAM ASST TEAM ASST TEAM ASST TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Drilling Drilling Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Cone Cone TWA mg/m3 mg/m3 0.57 0.46 0.57 0.57 0.31 0.35 0.48 0.54 0.05 0.06 0.99 1.14 0.05 0.05 0.52 0.58 0.12 0.14 0.02 0.01 0.33 0.38 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.70 0.83 0.27 0.32 0.84 0.97 0.39 0.41 0.65 0.88 0.06 0.07 0.21 0.22 0.46 0.48 0.35 0.42 0.12 0.13 0.23 0.24 0.33 0.35 2.71 1.54 0.29 1.53 0.34 1.94 0.27 0.03 1.66 0.52 0.36 0.78 0.30 0.61 0.17 1.34 0.40 0.78 0.32 0.04 0.66 0.59 0.41 0.87 0.33 0.65 0.16 1.51 0.47 0.96 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 160 of 293 TABLE 26 A TABLE 26 CONTINUED Occupation Actual work dona TM LDR -STOPING TEAM LDR STOPE 15N19 TEAM ASST TEAM ASST STOPE TIMBER TEAM HELPER TEAM attdt TEAM LEADER team leader TEAM LEADER TEAM ASST TEAM ASST TEAM ASST TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TM LDR-STOPING TEAM LDR TEAM LDR TEAM LOR TEAM LDR team leader TEAM LEADER team leader TEAM ATTDT-SUPPORT TEAM ATTDT-SUPPORT TEAM ATTDT-SUPPORT TEAM ATTDT-SUPPORT/CLEAN TEAM ldr-support TEAM LDR TEAM ATTDT TEAM ATTDT TEAM ATTDT TEAM LDR TEAM LDR TEAM ASST ' , TEAM ASST TEAM ASST TEAM ASST TEAM ASST TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM ATTENDANT TEAM ASST TEAM LEADER TEAM ASST TEAM ASST TEAM ASST TEAM ASST TEAM ASST TEAM ASST TEAM ASST TEAM ASST Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Supervision Supervblon Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Superviiion Supervtaion Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support . ' Cone Cone TWA mg/m3 mg/mJ 0.26 0.29 0.76 0.37 0.14 0.10 0.19 0.22 0.36 0.33 0.14 0.07 1.44 1.33 0.06 0 08 0.13 0.13 1.59 1.40 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.09 0.23 0.25 0.03 0.04 1.87 2.17 0.29 0.37 0.33 0 36 0.21 0.24 0.57 0.04 0.13 0.96 1.23 ' 0.43 0.97 0.70 0.64 0.04 0.17 1.10 1.09 0.40 0.66 0.59 1.00 0.32 0.23 1.00 0.32 0.56 3 14 0 43 0.47 1.42 0.23 0.45 0.08 0.57 1.08 1.56 0.24 0.22 0.12 0.30 0.53 0.35 0.05 0 17 0.71 3.13 1.09 0.16 0.13 0.15 1.01 0 33 0.25 1.08 0 38 0.66 3.56 0.45 0.45 1.71 0.24 0.43 0.08 0.56 1.22 0.58 0.27 0.23 0.08 0 33 0.63 0.41 0 05 0 19 0 76 3 39 1.08 0 17 0 15 0 17 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:'sue\gq>326.rep Page 161 of 293 TWA EXPOSURE-mg/m3 Figure 135 COMPARISON OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES - CS1R MINING TECHNOLOGY DATA - MINE_4 7\ ' 1.' `s.Y- ' . *; -- ... ' ' : < j. ,; . .* * /* - * _ _ , . , . . * -L'*/- -C'. v ' ' . * ' ' Z UofXJ LQiJ_ m * . _ V ' mm - mm Bm - ; /*, ' \ ..j ^. . < . _ ' ' * ' I-A-Vc. '.V-. " M:,.w..-:>'/.4<i2>>W-. H V- . 4".- . . ' - . ' . < . . ; : ^'4' .'V'j'sV. 2D Htl Mm v mm. . /. ' .v-e .*.' r - Vf ` 4 -' 0-02 02-04 04-08 E rH 08-08 08- 1 0 1 0-1 2 1 2-1 4 1 4-1 8 EXPOSURE-mg/m3 1 8- 1 8 1 18-20 - v-v.-,- 20-25 2S* QEXPOSURE 0TWA Figure 136 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES CSIR: MINING TECHNOLOGY DATA. MINE 4 PROJECT NO: Y240I FILE NAME: j:\suc\gap326.rcp Page 162 of 293 TWA EXPOSURE - mg/m3 14 00 08 04 02 0 oz oXXK0p)zoO or IXD O IgCSIRlMINING TECHNOLOGY SMI NS'S OATA | Figure 137 COMPARISON OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA- ALL MINES SURVEYED- CSIR iSIICIIMG TECHNOLOGY AND MINE DATA 0- 02 04 08 08 10 12 14 e 18 20 25 02 .......... . 04 08 08 10 1 2 1 4 10 18 20 2S EXPOSURE-mg/m3 [bexposureTbtwa~| Figure 138 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES ALL MINES SURVEYED - CSIR MINING TECHNOLOGY DATA PROJECT NO. Y2401 FILE NAME', j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 163 of 293 PERCENT SO 45 43 35 X 25 20 IS 10 s 0 0-0 2 0 2*04 04*06 06*06 06*10 10*1.2 1 2*1 4 14.16 16-16 16*20 20*2.5 EXPOSURE-mg/m3 [PEXPOSURE BTWA~j 25* Figure 139 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES ALL MINES SURVEYED - MINE DATA PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 164 of 293 5.5 Discussion The advent ofmultiskilling ensured that more worker categories were sampled than was originally intended. Instead of only two major occupational categories, namely supervision and stope support (timbering), an additional four major categories were sampled and these were transport, drilling, lashing and construction. In addition, a category called "other", where workers did not fit any ofthese first six occupations, also had to be used in some instances. As a consequence fewer samples than planned were collected in the two categories selected for the study. It became obvious that a direct comparison with the results reported by mines would be of little value since, irrespective of the actual work performed on the day of sampling, the results were reported on the basis ofthe original selection, since failure to do so would result in a deviation from the approved sampling strategy. In order to fully comply with the approved sampling strategy, it may have necessitated many repeat samples to obtain results for the selected occupations, and hence samples would not have been collected on the agreed sampling dates. This would have meant spending considerably increased effort and time to correct the emerging picture of results to one approaching compatibility with the approved strategy. From the tables of extractions from mine records, (which were originally unsorted), it is obvious that the reporting procedures are not set up for rapid extraction of relevant data. Although the numbers of CSIR: Mining Technology's samples were less than those planned for, the data have nevertheless been analysed on a mine by mine basis and then collectively. The results have been compared with mine results where possible. In compiling results it also became evident that, in some instances there are differences between actual dust exposure levels and eight-hour Time Weighted Averages. It is understood that TWAs were selected by the DME so that comparisons could be made with internationally accepted TLVs and that inter-mine comparisons may become possible. Some comparisons were made between TWA exposures and actual exposures. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\gap326.rcp Page 165 of 293 An inspection of Figure 123 shows that, even though based on a relatively small population sample, the possibility of detecting differences in TWA exposure levels for different occupations groups does exist. For convenience, the exposures have been ranked on the basis of average exposures for the occupation groups investigated. There is a detectable difference from lowest to highest. The results ofthe analysis on the mine's data are shown in Figure 124 where ranking has again been done. This time the order has been changed, and drilling was found to have the highest eight hour TWA. Results are based on a larger population sample than Miningtek's data. A comparison between CSIR: Mining Technology's results and the mine's results is shown in Figure 125, where CSIR: Mining Technology's results are ranked. Differences between the two sets ofresults are clearly discemable as are the exposure rankings. Only the averages are shown for the sake of clarity. It is known that the mine uses rotating sponge samples in their gravimetric dust sampling programme and, as has been pointed out in a previous project(1), these samples tend to yield lower results than standard sampling trains. This is the most plausible explanation for the considerable discrepancy between the sets of results. Frequency distributions of actual exposures and TWA exposures were done for both CSIR: Mining Technology's and the mine's results. These are shown in Figures 126 and 127. The bulk of the CSER: Mining Technology's results are found in the 0,6 to 1,2 mg/m3 range and the bulk of the mine's results are in the 0 - 0,6 mg/m3 range. In the concentration ranges greater than 1,2 mg/m3, CSIR: Mining Technology's data shows observable numbers of samples whereas the mine data show a quite sharp reduction in samples in the concentration ranges greater than 0,8 mg/m3. There may be a plausible explanation for this, the most obvious being the difference in performance of sampling instruments. Neither CSIR: Mining Technology's nor the mine's data displayed bias towards actual exposures or TWA exposures for the complete range. The Person Weighted TWA for the occupations studied was calculated as 0.98 mg/m3. (CSIR: Mining Technology PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\gap326.rep Page 166 of 293 results.) The results shown in Table 15 indicate that personal quartz concentrations fell in the range ofless than 5 percent to 22 percent, which is slightly higher than the range found for the short duration tests. The person weighted mean (PWM) quartz content for all occupations monitored was calculated as 6,0 percent and the person weighted mean risk, based on actual quartz concentration, was found to be 1,65. When a standard quartz content of 20 percent is used, the PWM risk increases considerably to over 15 percent because ofthe large difference in quartz concentrations used to calculate risk. Risk was calculated from the relationship Risk = 4(AQI)2 where AQI = (Quartz fraction of dust) / TLV (0.1), except where the quartz content is less than five percent, when a TLV of 5 mg/m3 is applicable (2). The ranking of the different occupation risks based on measured quartz levels followed a similar pattern to the TWA ranking at the top and bottom ofthe rankings and in this instance the occupation risk could have been ranked in terms of TWA, making an actual quartz analysis unnecessary. Recording measurements in terms of occupations instead of activities and then ranking the results, even without quartz analyses, would assist in focusing on occupations with unsatisfactory results and in identifying individuals with high exposures. Of course, peak concentrations and localities where high dust concentrations occurred could not be identified but the potential would exist to instigate an in-depth investigation. Workplace dust records would be of assistance in this connection. Although a clearer picture of risk would emerge by using quartz concentrations in the calculation, especially a standard value, mine risk should not be evaluated in terms of personal concentrations but rather in terms of workplace risk. Evaluation of workplace conditions will assist in focussing attention where it is required to improve conditions, whereas this cannot be done directly from personal samples. Furthermore, improvements in workplace conditions would be able to be seen in any calculation ofrisk based on such measurements whereas, with the averaging process of the GME's present dust sampling programme, improvements in TWA dust concentrations for a number of employees would not significantly improve any mine risk. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\suc\gap326.rcp Page 167 of 293 At Mine 1 the use of a standard quartz concentration instead of actual quartz concentrations would certainly adversely affect the risk, as calculated, but would render comparisons ofrisk between occupation groups more equitable since the uncontrollable variable of widely fluctuating quartz concentrations would be eliminated from all calculations. Rankings based on TWA and on risk where a standard quartz concentration is used are identical, as expected. In addition, there would be an element of cost saving involved if samples do not need to be analysed and it would be a simple matter for any mine to compile an ongoing data base of occupational dust exposures as results become available since there would be none of the delays incurred while waiting for analysis results. Such a data base would also be useful as part ofthe mine's occupational health programme since the results can be passed directly to the occupational medicine department for use in exposure estimations. The ranked results of CSIR: Mining Technology's data for Mine 2 is shown in Figure 128 and for the mine in Figure 129. A comparison of average exposures for CSER: Mining Technology and the mine is shown in Figure 130. In these results, drilling exhibits the highest exposures for both sets of data and, similarly, construction and supervision have returned the lowest results for both sets of data. Agreement between the two sets of results is close with the same type of instrument being used for data collection by CSIR: Mining Technology and the mine. Once again frequency distributions ofactual and TWA exposures were plotted for CSIR: Mining Technology and mine data and these are shown in Figures 131 and 132 respectively. The majority of CSIR: Mining Technology's results were in the 0.2 to 0.6 mg/m3 range with a sharp cut off at 1.4 mg/m3. Most ofthe mine's samples were in the 0 to 0.6 mg/m3 with the tail ofthe curve extending to 2.5 mg/m3. This again represents a higher number of samples in the lower concentration ranges then was obtained by CSIR: Mining Technology. A comparison of actual exposures and TWA exposures for Mine 2 (see Figures 131 and 132) shows no specific bias towards one or other method of evaluation over the full range. The TWA exposures for Mine 2 are seen to be considerably lower than those recorded for Mine 1. The calculation ofthe Person Weighted TWA of 0.46 mg/m3 for the occupations studied confirms this (CSIR: Mining Technology results). PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\gap326.rep Page 168 of 293 All the samples at Mine 2 yielded quartz concentrations of less than five percent and therefore the TLV of 3 mg/m3 was applied. The rankings based on TWA values and risk were identical, again making sample analysis unnecessary. The risks calculated for the different occupation groups were also considerably lower than those for Mine 1, even when compared to the risk based on actual quartz concentrations for Mine 1. The analyses for Mine 3 are shown in Figures 133 and 134. Dust levels are similar to those measured in Mine 2 with a person weighted average concentration of 0.48 mg/m3 (CSIR: Mining Technology results) but the ranking order changed with "support" experiencing the highest exposure averages, drilling moving to second highest and transport to lowest. The frequency distribution shown in Figure 134 indicates than the majority of the exposures occurred in the 0,2 to 0,4 mg/m3 range and no bias towards actual exposures or TWA exposures (over the full range). For reasons already set out the occupational exposure data from the mine could not be analysed. Rankings based on risk calculations compiled from actual quartz concentrations differ from those based on TWA concentrations but are identical to TWA rankings when a standard value of 20 percent is used. There is no appreciable difference between the PWM risk based on actual quartz concentrations (PWM quartz average 15.8 percent) and that based on a quartz concentration of 20 percent since the quartz concentration used in the respective calculations are reasonably close, unlike the situation in Mine 1. Reference to the short duration test results also show that the average quartz concentration measured for the working places was 18 percent, and again that there was little difference in workplace risk when calculated from either the actual average or a standard value. The simple arithmetic average quartz concentration is 12 percent which is lower than that found for the short duration samples. The reason could be that, as for dust concentrations, pollutant concentrations are affected by the duration ofthe sample, with time having a strong influence on the averaging process. The results ofoccupational dust sampling for Mine 4 are presented graphically in Figures 135 and 136. Only CSIR: Mining Technology's data were used for analyses because the mine's data were not in a form that could readily be used. The average dust. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\gap326.rep Page 169 of 293 concentration is higher than those for the previous two mines and is seen in the person weighted average of 0,56 mg/m3 (CSIR: Mining Technology results). In this analysis "drilling" again had the highest exposure, with "construction" the lowest. As seen in Figure 136 most of the exposures occurred in the ranges 0 to 0,4 mg/m3 with no bias either towards actual average exposures or TWA exposures (over the full range). Once again the rankings based on TWA and on risk calculation from a 20 percent quartz standard are very similar and, since the average quartz concentration (PWM) was found to be 14,1 percent, the PWM risk at 20 percent quartz was also found to be higher at 5,39 than the PWM of 2.58 based on actual quartz concentrations. There are clearly discernible differences in occupational exposures, whichever evaluation technique is used. A comparison of quartz concentrations obtained from workplace samples (21 percent) again shows that concentrations based on longer sampling intervals (eight hour personal samples) were again lower (14.1 percent). The usable data from the four mines were used to produce the comparison of occupations shown in Figure 137, where only CSIR: Mining Technology's results are ranked. Data from only two mines could be used for the comparison. CSIR: Mining Technology results show that "drilling" exposures were highest with "supervision" second and "construction" the lowest. Mine data indicate drilling highest with support second highest and supervision lowest. Occupational exposure data accumulated by CSIR: Mining Technology for the four mines were pooled and a frequency distribution of exposure ranges was computed. Figure 138 shows the plot of the frequency distribution where a log normal distribution is seen and the majority of samples are found in the 0,2 - 0,4 mg/m3 range. No overall bias toward TWA or actual exposures can be found. A similar analysis was performed on the results for the two mines where data could be extracted and the frequency distribution is shown in Figure 139. A log normal distribution is also evident but, although most of the samples are found in the 0,2 - 0,4 mg/m3 range, a far higher percentage of the samples are found in the 0 - 0,6 mg/m3 ranges than is the case for PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\gap326.rep Page 170 of 293 CSIR: Mining Technology results and with fewer exposures in ranges greater than this. This is in keeping with previous findings(1). The results ofthe samples collected in the occupation categories studied, indicates that differences in average exposures are detectable, but that ranking orders may be mine specific whether they are based on TWA exposures or risk. CSIR: Mining Technology data were collected under controlled conditions; mine data were collected routinely but the compilation process rendered some of the data unusable for analysis. It was anticipated that full shift samples, or personal samples, could be grouped in occupation categories to determine an occupation risk that could be used to compare risk between occupations. Intra mine differences, although small in some cases, are nevertheless discemable but, as has been shown, inter mine differences can be substantial. On one mine, although based on considerably different sample numbers, there was very good agreement between CSIR: Mining Technology and the mine's results. The differences in average dust concentrations between CSIR: Mining Technology results and the second mine with usable data can be ascribed to differences in sampling characteristics ofthe sampling instruments used and has been described in another report(I). The results are encouraging for future work in occupational dust exposure and makes possible an in-depth study of results submitted to the GME over the past few years, although a considerable effort may be required to be able to extract usable data. It would also be important to keep occupation categories to a meaningful number in order not to end up with a similar situation to the Western Australian mining industry(6). In a total workforce of30 000,403 job codes were established. Inevitably, this will result in undersampling of some jobs and gross oversampling of others. This type of situation tends to mask job categories where exposure levels are such that attention should be focused on them. Grouping of job categories with increasing multi-skilling of the workforce is made very difficult. This is a situation which will have to be carefully addressed in the South African mining industry and which could cause difficulties when estimates of life long exposures are based on current measurements. Some of the reasons to conduct dust sampling have already been discussed in the previous section. The reasons for the sampling will dictate the strategy and equipment. The full shift sampling conducted by Industry has only been used to calculate a mine risk I'ROJI-CT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\gap326.rep Page 171 of 293 for levy purposes and not for epidemiology studies, which is what such sampling is usually used for. In general, TLVs were set on the basis of population estimates, whether of animal or human populations(7). Thus it is most appropriate to consider exposures in terms of exposed populations rather than exposed individuals. The objective of studying exposures ofoccupational groups fits in well with this concept. Having considered the population, one can then look for individuals who, because of special circumstances, may be at greater risk. The general approach to exposure assessment for epidemiological studies is significantly different from that generally used by occupational hygienists to assess the presence of a recognised hazard by the use of exposure limits. The principal source ofthis difference is that the epidemiological study is performed to detect a hazard and determine the nature ofany dose-response relationship, whereas compliance testing is performed with the presumption that the dose-response relationship is known and built into the exposure limit. These differences have important implications for sampling strategy. The objective of epidemiological studies is to determine if exposure to a toxic material affects human risk through adverse health effects, such as a loss ofpulmonary function or the risk oflung cancer. Epidemiologists study health risks in groups ofworkers with different exposures. This project explored the feasibility of sampling different occupation groups to determine if epidemiological studies could be carried out. This has been shown to be possible and epidemiologists would then be able to compare the relative risk ofeffects among different occupation groups who may be similar in all respects except their exposure levels. For some epidemiological studies(7), the population of TWA exposure levels that are of interest for each worker is all work shifts within a working lifetime. For such an exposure population, random sampling is only a theoretical concept, but it may be possible to sample randomly from a "pseudo-population" that is assumed to be representative of the entire population. For example, if a certain three month period could be assumed to be fully representative of the exposure distribution for the entire working lifetime, a random sample of 10 shifts from a possible 65 (say) during that PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\gap326.rep Page 172 of 293 quarter would be interpreted as a random sample of the working lifetime. However, a more realistic interpretation of such a sample is that it represents the hypothetical exposure which would be expected during a working lifetime if the worker continued to do the same work, under the same conditions that existed during the quarter actually sampled. Relevant conditions include such determining factors as production levels, environmental conditions and the level of expertise of the employee insofar as it affects his ability to avoid exposure to a contaminated environment. Classically, epidemiological studies have made little use of quantative data on exposures to assign subjects to exposure groupsc7). Surrogates were used to indicate potential exposure to a given pollutant. The most common are: "current job title", "longest held job title", "duration of work in an exposed job or work area" and "total duration of work". Essentially, this makes use ofa "record of service". In making such assignments, two major difficulties can be encountered, ie misclassification and confounding. Misclassification is putting employees in the wrong exposure category; multi skilling could impact heavily here. Confounding is observing an apparent positive relationship between an exposure and an effect, which is actually caused by an exposure to another un-measured agent, for example cigarette smoking. Previous occupational dust exposure studies were conducted nearly 40 years ago and estimates ofexposures using the surrogate technique are still based on these results even though sampling was done with konimeters and thermal precipitators and not all work or population groups were monitored. Over the last decade great progress has been made with sampling equipment that can deliver meaningful full-shift exposure levels. Continuation with full-shift monitoring is essential ifa living data base on exposures for different occupations is to be established as part of ongoing epidemiological studies. Dust monitoring techniques have improved and the compilation of an exposure data base is a distinct possibility, but it must be recognised that the purpose of the data base is to enhance dose-response knowledge. Utilising air sampling data in historical cohort studies can be considered to be something of a jigsaw puzzle where, from limited samples, a picture of the cumulative exposure of groups of workers or individuals is PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\gap326.rq> Page 173 of 293 pieced together. This is exacerbated when service records are incomplete and there are long breaks between periods of employment. Dust sampling should ideally run in parallel with biological monitoring. Emphasis needs to be placed on the detection of subtle physiological changes which can be considered predictors of the disease(7). This is where biological monitoring can be useful. At present, early indications of incipient disease are controversial. Dust sampling programmes should be operated in collaboration with medical programmes that are developing biological monitoring systems. It is also a requirement of the Mine Health and Safety Act that medical surveillance is linked to environmental exposure with the objective of reducing the risk of disease. Full shift monitoring for occupational groups can play an important role in this objective. 5.6 Conclusions The results of this investigation have shown that it is possible to conduct occupational dust sampling and detect discemable differences in average exposure levels and risk between different groups. Inter mine differences for a given occupation group are also detectable and exposure levels may thus be mine specific. Although a limited number of occupations were monitored, the results indicate that it would be possible to combine data on an industry basis to produce exposure profiles. Difficulty was experienced in extracting relevant data from some mine records due largely to the computer software used in the gravimetric dust sampling programme. This matter would need serious consideration before any large scale analysis of existing data for occupational dust compilation could be embarked on. If these difficulties cannot be resolved, a substantial percentage of samples collected over the past few years will be rendered unusable. The introduction of multi skilling in mines will make the collection of samples for a specific occupation difficult and could impact heavily on attempts to compile occupation exposure profiles and also on attempts to estimate dose for such employees at some time in the future. Overseas experience has shown that to be effective great care must be exercised when the number ofjob categories is decided. With an unrealistically high number of job categories, some categories can be oversampled and others undersampled, which will lead inevitably to bias in the results. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\suc\gap326.rcp Page 174 of 293 Where frequency distributions for the different exposure ranges were made, the mine results indicate a preponderance of samples in the lowest exposure ranges. These results show even lower concentrations than were found for the Industry results presented previously(1). Although only two mines are being considered, the mine's results were nevertheless lower than those obtained by CSIRj Mining Technology, but CSIR: Mining Technology's samples were probably collected under more controlled conditions than those of the mines'. Risks for each occupation, based on actual quartz analyses and on an "industry average" of 20 percent, show variations from mine to mine for given occupations and also that where quartz concentrations were low, using an industry average would obviously result in much higher risk values. Previously, the quartz content was needed to calculate a mine risk (not an occupational or personal risk) but actual analyses may not be required for full shift samples for future epidemiological studies. It may be acceptable to use an industry average but consultation with epidemiologists would be needed to resolve this issue in a practical way. Particulate and dust concentrations are known to vary widely in three dimensions of space and in time. When and where to collect a sample depends upon the objective of the sampling. Questions that may be asked of a dust sample could be: a) will the sample give information which will enable the prediction of exposures in the future, assuming no major changes in the operation? b) will the sample give information which will assist in controlling the operation? and, c) ifthe only purpose ofthe sample is to estimate the exposure ofthe worker on the day and at the time sampled, will this information be ofvalue in the protection of his health? The 1959 Johannesburg Pneumoconiosis Conference drew clear distinctions between sampling for control purposes and sampling for epidemiological needs and declared a need to conduct occupational dust sampling. The introduction of personal gravimetric sampling had the potential for the commencement of the compilation of a data base of occupational exposures but unfortunately this was not the case. However, by restructuring the sampling strategy, occupational dust sampling can be introduced for the PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j'sue\gap326.rq> Page 175 of 293 long overdue embarkation of meaningful epidemiological studies in the major mining industry of the world. Two separate studies have shown that different sampling systems and equipment ie. conventional pump and filter and rotating sponge type, do give differences in results. For usable industry results, this issue would need to be resolved since failure to do so would result in a seriously flawed data base from which no conclusions could ever be drawn. Whereas the sampling pumps can be made to operate at a constant flow rate, irrespective ofthe load ofthe filter, this does not accurately mirror the inhalation rate ofthe worker throughout the shift as this can vary considerably depending on exertion. Serious discrepancies in representative dust inhalation loads would occur when the worker is inhaling deeply and rapidly in a transient high concentration of dust. The technology exists to be able to link the pump's performance to the pulse rate of the wearer of the pump, and in pursuance ofgreater accuracy and reality the development of this approach should be given serious consideration. An acknowledged limitation of an eight-hour TWA is that it does not take into account situations where there is exposure to a high concentration of contaminants for only a short period oftime. Significant short duration peak concentrations will be averaged out and the health hazard underestimated. In the previous section it was proposed that short duration samples be used for sampling in workplaces, ie control sampling, and that the full shift samples be used for personal sampling which can be used for occupational dust records. This separation of objectives could address the shortcomings of full shift samples since workplace risk could be described in terms of short duration samples. There are still many unanswered questions with regard to exposure to dust and certainly a closer liaison between occupational hygiene and occupational medicine practioners is called for. The biological effects of exposure to dust, and in particular to quartz, through better monitoring techniques and strategies, including the evaluation of short term peak exposures, could be more realistically linked to more representative exposure levels. However, a great deal of research still needs to be done before a better understanding of the exposure-dose-response process can be gained. Some questions that still need addressing are 00 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\gap326.rep Page 176 of 293 a) what are the mechanistic linkages between exposure and health risk, and might they be influenced by exposure variability?, b) how might exposure variability dictate the evaluation of exposures to toxic pollution?, c) what is the likely impact of short term (i.e. < 15 minutes) peak concentrations on the health risk?, and d) what is the likely impact of day-to-day variables in exposure on the health risk? Both exposure and toxic content variability have been unquestionably demonstrated in a previous project(1) and been confirmed in the literature. With better monitoring and evaluation techniques, as well as a closer collaboration between occupational hygiene and occupational medicine, the answers to these and many more questions should emerge with time. At present, estimations of worker exposure still rely heavily on studies done nearly 40 years ago with instruments that are now known to be incorrect for this type of study. The infrastructure and instrumentation is now in place in Industry to at last be able to participate in meaningful occupational dust sampling. The results ofthis sampling could in turn be used to predict life-time working exposures that could be used to implement an intervention policy to prevent any worker from reaching a certifiable level of disease. Ofcourse, dust sampling should never be a substitute for control measures which is why control sampling and occupational sampling should be ongoing with the data bases continually being updated. The statistical power of the data base will increase with an increase in the number of samples, but ultimately the purpose of all the dust sampling conducted is to assist in making the workplace as dust free as possible to minimise the health risk due to exposure. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\gap326sep Page 177 of 293 .6 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Prior to the introduction of the gravimetric dust sampling, all dust sampling conducted by mines had been for the purpose of identifying localities and operations where unsatisfactory dust levels occurred. This information was then used to implement control measures to reduce dust levels. The philosophy adopted was that if workplace exposure levels are controlled then personal exposure levels would also be controlled. Few definitive studies were carried out on occupational dust exposure levels, mainly due to the lack ofsuitable instrumentation that would give full shift exposures in terms of the dust mass concentrations. The development of reliable gravimetric dust sampling equipment presented the means to collect vast numbers of full shift samples for occupational dust surveys and epidemiological studies. However, in the context of South African mining, the full shift samples were classified in terms of "activities" and used to calculate a "risk" on which a compensation levy was based. In the process of converting to gravimetric dust sampling, control dust sampling was abolished. Shortcomings of the present gravimetric dust sampling programme were highlighted in a previous research project(1) where attention was drawn to the need for control dust sampling as well as for occupational dust sampling. Initial trials with a technique known as short duration sampling was proposed for determining workplace dust levels and a proposal was made to conduct limited occupational dust sampling under controlled conditions. Before control or occupational dust sampling commenced some technical aspects were investigated. These were the effects ofpump orientation, filter size and porosity, sample flow rates, shielding and the choice of respirable or total dust samples. None ofthe above factors was found to have any significant or practical bearing on the results of short duration gravimetric dust sampling. The results presented in this report show that short duration dust sampling is feasible and that localities and operations where high dust levels emanate can be identified. Short duration dust sampling can be used to determine where control measures need to be PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\gap326.rq> Page 178 of 293 implemented and what the effectiveness of such measures is. Workplace risk can also be calculated from average working face dust levels on the basis ofeither a measured average quartz concentration or on a standard quartz concentration. By sampling all workplaces on a regular basis a "mine risk" can be determined. The technique allows results to be recorded on environmental survey reports and also provides inspectors with a realistic and practical methodology to conduct checks. Furthermore, independent dust surveys can be carried out in a meaningful way. Limited full shift samples were collected for two chosen occupations - supervision and timbering (support). Because ofthe introduction of multi skilling additional occupations were sampled. Comparisons were made between CSIR: Mining Technology's results and mine results. It was found that differences in exposure levels for different occupations are discernible and that, generally, the mine's results are lower than those ofCSIR: Mining Technology. Ifthe results of gravimetric dust sampling from 1992 to date could be assessed it is anticipated that a very substantial data base on occupational dust exposure levels could be compiled. The results ofthis investigation could be made available to mine occupational medical practioners for dose-response references. With the size of the Industry in existence in South Africa, should the proposed data analyses study be carried out, the world's largest mining occupational dust exposure data base could be created. The principal recommendations are: 1. Short duration dust sampling should be introduced to identify localities or operations where unsatisfactory dust levels are emanating. 2. Short duration dust sampling should be used to test the effectiveness of dust control measures. 3. Short duration samples should be used to determine workplace `frisk" and, additionally, "mine risk". PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j^ue\gap326Tcp Page 179 of293 4. Full shift gravimetric dust sampling should be continued, but structured to embrace the principal of occupational dust sampling - the results of which should be used to update the Industry data base on an ongoing basis. 5. Full shift gravimetric dust sampling should not be used to calculate risk for levy purposes. 6. The data submitted to the DM&E should be analysed in terms of occupational exposures. 7. There is evidence to suggest, as found in both this project and a previous project, that certain dust samplers do not give acceptable results. These samplers should be re-evaluated in terms ofcollection efficiencies because Industry statistics could be considerably adversely affected by the apparently erroneous results from such samplers. 1`ROJECT NO: Y2401 KILE NAME: j\suc\gap326.rcp I'age 180 of 293 7. REFERENCES 1. Unsted, A.D. SDMGAP Project 046 - Personal Gravimetric Sampling and Risk Assessment. March 1996. 2. Guidelines for gravimetric dust sampling. Department of Mineral and Energy Affairs. November 1992. 3. Johannesburg Pneumoconiosis Conference, 1960. A.J. Orenstein (Ed) - Proceedings, Johannesburg 1959, London, Churchill. 4. Rekus, JohnF. The Real meaning of Threshold Limit Values. Occupational Hazards, June 1996 pp 45 - 47. 5. Minter, Stephen G. The Changing Face of Respiratory Illness, Occupational Hazards, February 1995 pp 43 - 44. 6. Hewson, Gregory S. Atmospheric Contaminant Exposure in the Western Australian mining industry. Second International Conference on the Health of Mines. Pittsburgh, 11-13 November 1995. 7. Advances in Air Sampling. Industrial Hygiene Science Series (ACGIH) Lewis Publishers. Third Printing 1990. 8. Mine Health and Safety Act, Act No 29, 14 June 1996. Kerslaw. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\gap326.rep Page 181 of293 8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CSIR: Mining Technology wishes to acknowldge the assistance of Group Environmental Engineers and mine staff of the mines involved in this project. Many people were involved and at times unpopular shifts and late hours worked to assist with the recovering of sampling equipment. The efforts of these people are gratefully acknowledged. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\gap326.rcp Page 182 of 293 APPENDIX A SHORT DURATION SAMPLING AND TYNDALLOMETER SURVEYS FOR STOPES AND DEVELOPMENT ENDS AT FOUR UNDERGROUND MINES. FIGURES 140 TO 209 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAJvU*: j\suc\gap326.rcp Page 183 of 293 X O f-- w * 0) FIG U R E 1 4 0 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G c =3 O o CJ E OJ E c o LU Q. o Hc (/) o 5E CM CO CM CO CM CM to CO CD CM CO < CD T~ CM CM T" M* CM TCM~ CD T`" CD CD ( t i t 09 CO CD 09 * ^r CD T-- CO to CO O) 1 to T--` CM CO T-- TT CD T-- ^T-T TT CM to T" CO CD T" to CO CM T-- T--^r T*" CM to CM CM y~~ * CO T"" < CO CO i CO CD Y-- rrCD CD T-- CO CM r--~ CM CO cm" CM* CD~ -cr cm" ^ 3 E r-- cm cn CD 'cr 3tA cm Q CD r- TT CO CO T"* 09 T-- + CD o T-- co CM T-- CO , CD CO CM CD T-- co CD r~- CO o co CM CO rr CO CO r- T" oi to CM CO co CM CD 09 CD , Y~ T-- T-- CM to * l < CD CO *C CO CO CD T-- CM T-- T"* 09 CM tj- CO TT CD CO r*-. CO 0r9- c'ocr r*-CD r* o> CO cr^n> 09 cm" csT CJ CC >- _i oo< 0o~ CJ CC raC3 CJ Q CJ o C3 C3 O CJ JC CJ JX o o ora ra > u_ C T3 -g -g CJ ooo < ra c ra cz 2<15 -- YL ra ;=: " cn ^ S "= h u. PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\suelgap326.rep Page 184 of 293 FIGURE 141. SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 1 - STOPE 1 PROJECT NO Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\suc\gap326.rcp Page 185 of 293 STOPE 3 oO So Eo: E *c o CM CD CM CO CD O* to CM CM CM CM CO CO T-- T--to CM CO CO CO a in CO CO r-- CD T-- T~* T-T~ y-- 1" *" T-- T- r- 01 r-CD CO CO CM O O' CO CO CM CM to CD to to CO T"* O' CD to CD O' r-- CO CM T" -r- T" -r" TC"O" T" T*" T" 0 0 00to O' 0 0to CM T-- to to to CO O a CO to CD T--* P" m CM CO CM r" CM 1-- r-- r- ^-- CO T- CO TC"O* CM .E o n CM 0 CO CDCD in CM_ CD_ E CD CM* cm" CO to r- CM CO to to r-- CO CO r^- CD r*- to co to CD CM o & H p CM s cn H w O Q {2; O H fO H < WP4 fa O P OH *0 Eh fa OW W CO cCcJ ra ra ra ra CJ CJ CJ o O CJ CJ CJ CJ CJ 0 ra ra ra Q- O cj 0 CJ 0 O CJ "O *TD TD CJ o C3 ra ra ra ra ra > or LL- u_ LL_ U- LL- U- < 0 O 0 < CN rH TD CJ U --* w fa ^ 2 IE p jMl ca Si =n . CJ -- -E = o H fa LOCALITY PROJECT NO Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 186 of 293 o FIG U R E 1 4 3 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G o C_3 k_ CJ c CJ CL E co CD CO o LO oo CD CM CD CD LO CD *cr r- CO r- CO CM CO T" CM i-- i-- rr + CD CD rr CO CM + CD CD LO CO T-- CO CD T-- CM rr C rr CD o* T--- LO er 4- CD CD CO LO CM + o CD CM LO T-- LO r-- CO *3* ^r CJ C o c CJ) oc o - CO ZD Q CO LO CO LO CD ^T > < oo to CM LO CD T-- O' CM t- CZ5 CO CM o) in CM r- -- O' LD CO co to CM CM CD CM Cy--O LO LO r- cn t-- LO r*-* 'CrM-- CO to CD CD CD CO CO r-*- CD CD to CO CM CD CD CO CM LO LO r^* C3 CJ C3 ra ra n - CJ CJ CJ _ - CO C*D- CD o . JC CJ > --C--D --'0*-0T ^> < O O O <c CO c= JC CO cr o QJ O - c^/52-5=-- CJ > CO PROJECT NO Y240I I' LEE NAME: j :\sue\gap326.rep Page 187 of 293 I o I-- UJ * 0) FIG U R E 1 4 4 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G CO CM o o CO o 1- CD 1/5 O OJ C3 oo Ecj acoTrcvjrrrr co to lo t-- rr cn <u a E c IT) LU iot: CO O' rC--D rO-> Cy--D CD co CO CM Q. 0 H" 0) c o C3 c CJ c e cn oo E CD CO CJ LO Co/> a CO CO CO r-CO CM CO rr CD cn CO CO CO CO CM CO CO LO cCcJ >1-- _J o o< CO o o Q_ CM CO -cr CJ CJ _CJ CJ re re re re TD (U t) re CJ CJ CJ aj 2 *=o CJ cj cj <u o o o s; o ^O C_3 u > a sreCJ re re re <CC -U U- LU CJ re CJ CJ re ce re re CJ > o o *TO cj > OOO< re h-- -- U-- PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\suc\gap326.rcp Page 188 of 293 AEROSOLS (mg/m3) FIGURE 145. SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 1 - STOPE 5 PROJECT NO: Y2401 KILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 189 of 293 I o h* LU * (J) FIG U R E 1 4 6 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G --* o o -- 03 E 03 CL E C o + CM o CM CD CD CM in 03 CO T-- CD CO r-- r-- T-- *^r T~~ T-- CO CO CD CM + oo CM ?r CD CO CM r*- CD in co O' CD rr CD CD CD CM CD CD CD CD CO CO CD rr CD CD T--T" CO T* T-- zz o 03 w ici ro CJ C o c o> oE CT D- 00 D Q in CO CD r-* *- CO CO T-" rCD cd" *0" CO CD CO CO CO O CO CO CD CD CD CO CO 03 CD OO CD T-- T~ CM CM CD CD CM in in CM <y T-- T"" inID CD Y~ T-' CD CD in CO 0d3 rinr nID o CC > cz o .TZ CO n CM CO oa roCJ CJ 03 ra -q o*- OCk_= 03 03 03 03 -- _*o ~a ti ^ 03ZD 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 # O o o CJ CJ o CJ o o o <CC 03 LU 03 LU C3 LU CO LU 03 LU 03 LU > < *o Q) CJ j- 03 ^ 25> *^*= 03 ** c .=? PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 190 of 293 X o h" LJJ * STOPE 7 "E CJ q. E o CM XT CD CM CD CO XT CD XT XT CO 03 CO CD CD CM CO r^ CD CM T-- r" T" T" `r~ CD xr xr CM CM XT CM CM XT CO OJ CJ r-- CD r- CO xT f^ T-- LTD T- T- 1-- T- T"* T" T^ CO CO CD CD CO CO CO XT CO XT CD CM xT r- CD CD CM xT O CO T-- T-- T-- T" T" T-- T" T- c o ra G=J ^E O^ oo E CO =3 a ccCJ cm co xr lo o coo c CJ CJ CJ CD CJ a. o o oCJ CJ raCJ C3 C3 C3 ra CC u. 0 & H vl P4 S C/3 E-* coxr CO CD XT CD i~ CM co cn T-- T~ P P xr CO XT CO CD cm CM t-- CD CD T--. >r-- P OCD OO CD CM CO XT HXT CO r-- co H wa< o p p UHJ HO rf raxr CD r-- CD rl PiC73 CM O W CO H s CD ra CD raCJ ra *oCJ ra ra ra CJ CD CJ o CJ CJ ra raa ra JC Dm: ora < <CJ > >TD "O "O CJ ra a OOO ra c= -a GJ CD ---- IE 5; ctm ra ad e ,r r^ tH w ps 0 H &4 LOCALITY 1`ROJliCT NO: Y2401 I-TLE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 191 of 293 AEROSOLS (mg/m3) FIGURE 148. SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 1 - STOPE 7 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 192 of 293 I o l~ LU * 0) FIG U R E 1 4 9 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G STOPE 9 oo 5E 5 "cl E o oc cn <3 E oo CD r-- co CO CO m CM CM CM* r- CO co r- CO CO cm oo CM CM* co: - CM CO 03 CJ c "Do QJ co ro ooO gooOO cz 03 ra C3 ra 0 o 2 2j>cO "O -Q "O 01 03c_ o CJ QJ CJ CJ CJ CJ o O o o o o CJ O O O <>C 03or re 03 03 03 03 03 > U- LU LL. LU LU LU <c 03 cj 03 cz J< CJ CJ CO QJ > cn ** QJ ---- LOCALITY PROJECT NO: Y2401 FlIJi NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 193 of 293 FIGURE 150 SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 1 - STOPE 9 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 194 of 293 TOPE 1 FIG U R E 1 5 1 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 195 of 293 PROJECT NO Y240I I o h* LU * CO oDuods Buijcjoy FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp LOCALITY Position Return Face Face Face Face Avc. lace CCCJ oc cni n STOPE 4 Dust Concentration mg/m3 13 mm 2,301 25 mm 3.160 Quartz (%) 0,769 1,053 1,203 4,213 ! 0,769 : 4.161 ! 0,914 3,142 ro E cn E Old area Old area Ave. old area Intake Intake Traverse Integrated Full shift 0,583 1,416 0,300 FIG U R E 1 5 2 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G Page 196 of 293 X o b to FIG U R E 1 5 3 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G in in a O H w < uo PROJECT NO Y2401 HLE NAME: j:\suc\gap326.rep Page 197 of 293 PROJECT NO: Y2401 LOCALITY STOPE 6 rsi a c o ra CucO: n oo E to QZ3 CJ CC o oo O a. c cn FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep a6uods Buiiejoy CC t-- CM CO Return Face Face Face Face Ave. face 13 mm 0,169 0,859 1,399 0,865 25 mm 1,423 2,104 3,210 1,041 2,063 CTl E iCnO CD Old area Old area Ave. old area Intake Intake Traverse Integrated Full shill 1,500 0,240 FIG U R E 1 5 4 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G Page 198 of 293 AEROSOLS (mg/m3) 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 .... |J a &*_ 0.5 0i 05 ...... ,............................ t W ........... 1/ \1 i i i i i i------------ 1------------ r 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 TIME (mins) (10:30 to 11:19) 50 FIGURE 155. SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 2 - STOPE 6 PROJECT NO: Y2-101 HLii NAMJE: j:\suc\gap326.rcp Page 199 of 293 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 200 of 293 FIG U R E 1 5 6 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G AEROSOLS (mg/m3) 2.5 2 1-5H 0 0 ........ w 7 jW H ,u 20 40 60 80 100 TIME (mins) (09:43 to 11:38) 120 FIGURE 157. SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 2 - STOPE 7 PROJECT NO Y2401 FUJI NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 201 of 293 PROJECT NO: Y2-401 FILE NAME: j:'sue\gap326.rcp Page 202 of 293 FIG U R E 1 5 8 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G PROJECT NO: Y2-401 a6uods Bujjeioy FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep LOCALITY Position Return Face Face Face Face Ave. lace CJ DC t-- cnj ro cz STOPE 9 Dust Concentration mg/m3 Quartz (%) 13 mm 0,782 25 mm 3,078 0,255 4,245 1,256 2,547 0,587 3,874 0,099 3,555 CO E O! E Page 203 of 293 Old area Old area Ave. old area intake Intake 0,681 2,600 Traverse Integrated Full shilt 0,430 FIG U R E 1 5 9 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G RROJliCT NO: Y2401 I o h* LU X!\ ------- * cn\ a6uods BujiejOH (\ W IT 1 I C-iX-llM > LU CO CM QO. r- CO Ho 0) CO" CJ cr _i < oo FUJI NAMII: j:\suc\gap326.rqj Position Return Face Face Face Face Ave. lace Old area Old area Ave. old area Intake Intake 1 CC T- CM co Dust Concentration mg/m3 13 mm 0,340 25 mm 1,819 Quarlz (%) 0,134 2,127 0,756 3,290 0,469 1,489 0,453 2,302 0,296 : CD E QJ Oo -- 52 re ^ O C/9 >ra Page 204 of 293 FIG U R E 1 6 0 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G AEROSOLS (mg/m3) FIGURE 161. SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 2 - STOPE 10 l'ROJECT NO Y2401 FILE NAME: j:'sue\gap326.rcp l'agc205 of 293 PROJECT NO: Y2401 a6uods 6u|}eiou FILE NAME: j :\sue\gap326.rcp CJ or < O O Position Return Face Face Face Face Ave.face CC r-- CM CO STOPE 11 Dust Concentration mg/m3 13 25 mm mm Quartz (%) I1 1,789 20,363 2,984 1,491 8,279 CO .E cn E Page 206 of 293 Old area Old area Ave. old area Intake Intake 0,169 1,228 Traverse Integrated Full shitt FIG U R E 162. 0,262 0,240 SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G AEROSOLS (mg/m3) FIGURE 163. SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 2 - STOPE 11 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FI1-E NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 207 of 293 PROJECT NO: Y2401 T- 111 a. O F~ I) CJ CC < oo aSuods Buijejou FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Position Return Face Face Face Face Ave. face Old area Old area Ave. old area Intake Intake -1 ' --- CC T- c\j <ro Dust Concentration mg/m3 13 mm 0,329 25 mm 3,187 Quartz (%) 0,133 3,721 0,387 4,098 0,228 3,502 0,249 3,774 0,721 0,735 CO .E O E II u rr "a oj o n = QJ o> i/i .Ei5 Page 208 of 293 o o' FIG U R E 1 6 4 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G PROJECT NO: Y2401 LOCALITY Posilion STOPE 1 =j -- o c o *T3 k_ cj E o oo E 3 Q cac a6uods 6ujh2joh CC y-- CVJ n FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Return Face Face Face Face Ave. (ace 13 25 mm mm 2,412 3,253 2,368 1,474 i 2,358 m E Old area Old area Ave. old area rr Intake Intake 2,675 Traverse Integrated Full shilt FIG U R E 167. 0,697 0,241 SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G Page 211 of 293 AEROSOLS (mg/m3) FIGURE 168. SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 3 - STOPE 1 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\suc\gap326.rcp Page 212 of 293 I 0 f-- HI * if) FIG U R E 1 6 9 - SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G STOPE 3 aOuodg Suijbioh h-i Oroj uo E OJ O' CO CO csT CO T" CO LO o o O' o CD CO co" o oCJ O) oo E Q co E E CJ cn <r- csj co CC o 0o0 Q. 3 oCJ CJ P3 raO CJ CJ CJ C3 CC LL_ LL_ LL_ ^CTD CD CO CJ > < Old area Old area Avc. old area j Intake Intake 1,474 16,886 1,667 co cn O' "O Cj QJ -- 52 ra IE TM Sa =.? LOCALITY PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Pnge 213 of 293 FIG U R E 1 7 0 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G STOPE 4 a6uodg 6u]}b;ou rz =3 CJ c o to E n rz oo r>^E C7> CSJ C CCQM oo E cao a 10 r- L^Or CJ or cc rin-. in uo CJ oo P3 OC- JO CJ QJ CJ CJ o C_> ra O rz o C3 o C3 d > cc u_ U- u. LU < co CM OCD in in cT CM CJ rz rz cj a ca ra H2 oo CJ o ca rz X3 O^ 2 W j= QJ oC` 7> r^r C3 LOCALITY PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 214 of 293 AEROSOLS (mg/m3) 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 ...................... ....................................................... 2 --i JiW ^ 0 0 t------------------------- 1-------------------------1-------------------------1------------------------ r 20 40 60 80 100 TIME (mins) (08:20 to 10:16) 120 FIGURE 171. SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 3 - STOPE 4 I'ROJHCT NO: Y2401 FILE NAMH: j:\suc\gap326.rcp Page 215 of 293 X 0 (-- LU * to 1 ,8 8 6 3 ,9 4 7 2 ,9 1 6 2 ,4 1 2 0,965 0,443 FIG U R E 1 7 2 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G STOPE 5 a6uods Bujieioy K| O e o LO E co CV4 E c CocD E o> oo E to to r- co co E CO LO o* E CM CM CD Q3 o C3 r- n E cn E cn to CO to CO o' o" T" TT CD a CC T~ CM CC CO rr CO CJ o CD CO OCO c CD CO CO CJ (D o CJ a_ 3 CD O CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CO CO ci CO CC LU CO LU ro LU CO LU > < O o > c o cm to 03 *<au - 5023 > CO T*cOn ^ CD -- LOCALITY PROJECT NO: V2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Pagc2!6oT293 PROJECT NO: Y240! aBuodg 6uiibiou FILE NAME: j:teue\gap326.rep LOCALITY Position Return Face Face Face Face Avc. face Old area Old area Ave. old area Intake Intake .............. *- *3* cCrJ CC >-- CNJ CO STOPE 6 Dust Concentration mg/m3 Quartz (%) 13 25 mm mm 0,256 2,389 0,239 2,193 0,550 1,316 1,661 2,325 0,810 1,940 -- - 0,348 1,617 E cn E Page 217 of 293 1LT--D CVJ FIG U R E 1 7 3 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G PROJECT NO: Y2401 LOCALITY STOPE 7 M o c o C3 C CD cCD oo 00 QZJ CJ CC t-- CJ CO cc c o oo o Q_ FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Return 13 mm 0,800 25 mm 1,930 a6uods 6u|ieiou Face 0,862 Face 0,551 2,281 Face 0,761 1,754 Face Ave. lace 0,723 2,017 CO .E O) E . ______________ i Old area Old area Ave. old area l Intake Intake Traverse Integrated Full shift FIG U R E * 174. 0,207 0,810 11,30 0,395 18,10 SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST S A M P LIN G Page 218 of 293 AEROSOLS (mg/m3) FIGURE 175. SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 3 - STOPE 7 PROJECT NO. Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 219 of 293 PROJECT NO: Y2401 X o H LU * (/) L O C A L IT Y Position Return Face Face >i-- CN4 Co re cj c <3 E CO 3 Q o CC STOPE 8 Quartz (%) 13 25 mm mm 0,820 1,067 3,158 1,947 aBuods Bujiejoy FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rq) Face Face Ave. tace 0,944 2,551 m E: O) E Old area Old area Ave. old area Intake Intake - -- 1 0,827 0,620 0,712 1,727 2,158 1,263 1,710 3,158 1 CD cn to Traverse Integrated Full shilt FIG U R E 176. 1,082 0,270 SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G Pa$e 220 of 293 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\suc\gap326.rcp Page 221 of 293 FIG U R E 1 7 7 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G PROJECT NO: Y2401 Ii o f-- LU * If) aBuods Bujjejoy LOCALITY Position Return Face Face Face Face Ave. lace CJ CC Y- CNI CC STOPE 1 1 Dust Concentration mg/m3 Quarlz (%) 13 25 mm mm 0,743 3,346 0,062 0,977 0,871 1,579 0,462 1,278 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp o E cn E Page 222 of 293 Old area Old area Ave. old area CD rC-O*_ CD CO Intake Intake Traverse Integrated Full shift FIG U R E 178. 0,443 *- 0,569 0,313 SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G M INE 3 - F^OPE 11 PROJECT NO Y2401 aBuodg Suijeioa FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp LOCALITY Position Return Face Face Face Face Ave. face Old area Old area Ave. old area Intake Intake CC n cnj y- cc CJ STOPE12 Dust Concentration mg/m3 Quartz (%) mE ^E 25 mm 1,249 1,579 1,227 1,105 1,420 1,675 1,247 1,000 1,298 1,260 1,161 2,105 n E o E "OCJ CO ccnn 3 u. Page 223 of 293 FIG U R E 1 7 9 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G FIG U R E 1 8 0 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G STORE 13 dBuods Buijejoy or3a to E rto co CO CirM? Cr>D- ECM CD CO LO r- T~ o* CD o' oCJ PO in CD to CD o' CD ,-- r-- CO CD CO 6 C7> E tCooO CmO* cn oa CO m CD UD CO CO oCD CM CO o cr> to *cr co CO CD CrOr CO CD o rt>o. cn co CD cf ccCJ G r- CM CO to to P3 a o "Oo oo C3 P3 CD CJ Tsi ca 2CJ CJ O o cao o0- CJ o CJ CJ o o o o CJ a *a > ca P3P3 ra P3 P3 > C3 pa ci > cn GJ o o c c c:U- U- LL_ LL. < LOCALITY PROJECT NO: Y240! FU-E NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 224 of 293 X 0 1" LU * Cf)\ FIG U R E 1 8 1 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G D evelopm ent 1 LOCALITY PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 225 of 293 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j :\suc\gap326.rq) Page 226 of 293 FIG U R E 1 8 2 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G M IN E 3 - DEVELOPMENT END 2 X 0 f-- LU * C0 D evelopm ent 4 FIG U R E 1 8 3 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 227 of 293 FIGURE 184. SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 3 - DEVELOPMENT END 4 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 228 of 293 PROJECT NO: Y2401 LOCALITY D evelopm ent 5 and 6 j SKETCH FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 229 of 293 FIG U R E 1 8 5 - SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G PROJECT NO: Y240I X o H lii * in a6uods 6UJJBJOU tSi a CC n (2 (/> CJ CC 75 >2 CJ az t- esi LOCALITY Position STOPE 2 Dust Concentration mg/m3 13 mm 0 i 25 mm 0 Quartz (%) FILE NAME: j:teuc\gap326.rcp Return Face Face Face Ave.lace Cl .E O) E Old area Old area Ave. old area CO Intake Intake Traverse Integrated Full shitt FIG U R E 186. 0,024 0,688 1,730 20,30 0,703 1,315 SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST S A M P LIN G Page 230 of 293 FIGURE 187. SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 4 - STOPE 2 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 231 of 293 PROJECT NO: Y2-401 LOCALITY Position cOc STOPE 3 Dust Concentration mg/m3 13 mm 0 25 mm 0 Quartz (%) a6uods 6u!iejoa aCCOD: HoCCOD or C3 hO- cc. t-- c'j n FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Return Face Face Face Ave. face 2,690 1,970 2,030 2,290 2,070 ro ,e O) E TT LO Old area Old area Ave. old area 3,040 Intake Intake Traverse Integrated Full shift 1,870 1,041 0,137 20,10 4,080 1,111 FIG U R E 1 8 8 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G Page 232 of 293 AEROSOLS (mg/m3) 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 TIME (mins) (08:45 to 11:02) FIGURE 189. SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 4 - STOPE 3 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 233 of 293 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rqp Page 234 of293 FIG U R E 1 9 0 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G Page 235 of 293 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rq> PROJECT NO: Y2401 cn tH w P4 p 0 H Eh 41* Pi O co a OH CO Pi P Q LOCALITY Position CJ cr STOPE 6 Dust Concentration mg/m3 13 mm D 25 mm Q Quartz (%) C/) CJ CC </) CJ CC n Return Face Face Face Ave. face Old area Old area Ave. old area Intake Intake Traverse Integrated Full shill CO CC 1-- CNJ 1,355 1,000 0,850 1,000 1,090 0,670 0,920 0,880 _______________ _J 4,060 0,481 1,550 2,020 _________ -- 0,920 0,544 0,273 0,712 31,20 CO .E o> E e6uod2 6u!JBiou | ft Eh kt H vr O P Eh CO P Q CO 0 P H p p S SKETCH <13 OC CO AEROSOLS (mg/m3) 100 90 80 70- 40 30 20 10 0 0 ...... 1 j 20 40 60 80 TIME (mins) (08:03 to 09:46) 100 120 FIGURE 192. SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 4 - STOPE 6 PROJECT NO: Y240I FILE NAME: j :\sue\gap326.rep Page 236 of 293 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gqp326.rcp Page 237 of 293 FIG U R E 1 9 3 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G FIGURE 194. SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 4 - STOPE 7 PROJECT NO: Y240I FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 238 of 293 PROJECT NO Y2401 OoC/>> (2 (/} Q0C3 ra CCCJ or r- LOCALITY I Position DEVELOPMENT 2 Dust Concentration mg/m3 Quartz (%) 13 mm 0 25 mm 0 aSuods Quijejou FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rqi CO 4= 03 E Return Face Face Face Ave. lace 4,030 1,060 1,180 4,030 1,180 Old area Old area Ave. old area lL Intake Intake CM 1,580 0,840 Traverse Integrated Full shill 0,707 0,521 10,60 FIG U R E 1 9 5 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G Page 239 of 293 PROJECT NO: Y2401 X 0 H W * (/) (/> O a: "E o >-- ISi CJ CC *E o !-- cOc CC r- LOCALITY Position DEVELOPMENTS Dust Concentration mg/m3 Quartz (%) 13 mm 0 25 mm 0 a6uods Sujieiou FILE NAME: j:\suc\gap326.rep Return Face Face Face Avc. lacc 0,883 1,570 1,570 0,813 0,813 fO E cn E Old area Old area Ave. old area Intake Intake CM 0,702 Traverse Integrated Full shilt FIG U R E 196. 0,124 37,10 0,090 0,543 SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G Page 240 of 293 I o f-- LU * (f) & 0 ENT 4 PROJECT NO. Y2-401 FILE NAME'. j.'sue\gap326.rep 0 52J H P P s < co Eh CO P P O H Eh < P P P Eh PS OW W CO H a r~ cr\ rH w p p o H P Page 241 of 293 >, I o H HI * CO M IN E 4 - DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT 5 Quartz (%) 25 mm 0 aBuodg 6uijejoy CO .E cn E 1,030 0,536 0,536 CO CO cc O C3 GJ C= otz cn 55 3CO CD O E CT~O" h? CO CJ CC "c*3 cCcO CC -r- LOCALITY Position PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rqp Return Face Face Face Avc. lace Old area Old area Ave. old area Intake Inlake Traverse Integrated Full shift 0,812 0,315 1,595 o 52; H cu a w H in W 53 Q a O H H *5 P$ *3 Q Eh Pi O CO 00 CVJ cn W Pi D 0 H fa Page 242 of 293 AEROSOLS (mg/m3) FIGURE 199. SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 4 - DEVELOPMENT ENDS 5 & 6 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 243 of 293 I o H HI * 0) M INE 4 - DEVELOPMENT a6uods 6u!je}ou oC=O3 (O h- 2 HI c<oc/> c CL o_l c o E in CM HI c_ u \CJ c Q c cn .o 3E CD o to =3 Q Q0CJ rc-o ro-- Q E E CO co o CD r-- CT3 < oO O CL- _l CJ CJ ro o CJ CJ oO OO cc CO CO CO > Li- Li_ LU < 0 H p P S <5 co H U3 CO Pld in Qr-- CD co in P O H H <1 P4 D P C03D Eh P O W CO '* cy -q a a~ *- - o C3 (O . oIE oIE c> o o CN W *o (1)1)- P O lO 0CO `Q cj co > G) n H c >c PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 244 of 293 PROJECT NO: Y2401 LOCALITY DEVELOPMENT 7 | SKETCH FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 245 of 293 FIG U R E 2 0 1 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\suc\gap326.rcp Page 246 of 293 FIG U R E 2 0 2 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G oW<u --io_ --5ra 7con3 9- r-a SKETCH DEVELOPMENT 9 | a6uods Buueiou C_O sn v> CJ a a: E c: o E LO paCM rz ,o C CJ o oo E </} nVI a CJ a CC E E P3 o ian> in co co erf cr O T-- CD CD CO CO o*~ ^r co T-- CO CD CO o & H CM S < U) Eh cr> CO in Ol T"* rr CM r* QCO O) co T-- O) 5 O H E- > ^r LO Q r--_ sf Eh P4 O cn CO CJ cvi OCC <N pa CJ w o2p<au o2 <o ;= u0>4<o VI o CL. CJ o ra CJ CJ CJ o u CJ CJ PO ra ra > ra C3 *a ca QJ 4-- CO o CJ > CJ CJ PO CO *o CJ OJ CO CJ > ca CD OJ H UL. u. LU <C LOCALITY PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\suc\gap326.rep Page 247 of 293 0 M INE 4 - DEVELOPMENT o i--I PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.icp O CN W P$ P 0 H pP H p Page 248 of 293 p s <5 01 PROJECT NO: Y2401 LOCALITY DEVELOPMENT 11 | SKETCH aBuodg 6ui}e}oy E cn c=i-- CZD CD I-- co o H P P C w E-i W CNJ itno P P w CD P O H wsPi H C on w P P >wQ E-i P$ O M cn CD CJ CD CJ CJ CJ ooo >C3 ra ra <U_ LU LL. CJ CD CD g CJ o 2o o2 <>c csi oCeJ -QxJi ra ca in o CN a CU CJ CO CJ > CD C7I CJ DD U_ W PS P O H Pn FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rq) Page 249 of 293 AEROSOLS (mg/m3) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 TIME (mins) (07:56 to 09:52) 120 FIGURE 206. SHORT DURATION DUST SAMPLING TYNDALLOMETER SURVEY MINE 4 - DEVELOPMENT ENDS 11 & 12 PROJECT NO Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 250 of 293 PROJECT NO: Y2401 LOCALITY DEVELOPMENT 12 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 251 of 293 FIG U R E 2 0 7 . SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G PROJECT NO: Y2401 I 0 H Li] * W LOCALITY Position O T3 k. ^ ro 5E U -----. c cn oE o () =3 Q *5 cr: DEVELOPMENT 13 Quartz (%) 13 mm 0 25 mm 0 aBuodg Buiiejoy CO CD CC C3 is C/> CJ CC 75 o h- CC y~ FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Return Face Face Face Avc. lace 4,290 0,560 0,560 1,030 o EE Cn E Old area Old area Ave. old area CVJ Intake Intake 1,200 Traverse Integrated Full shill FIG U R E 208. 0,258 0,517 1,288 5,250 SHORT D U R A TIO N DUST SAM PLIN G Page 252 of 203 PROJECT NO: Y2401 LOCALITY I ---------------------------,-----------------t DEVELOPMENT 14 ...................... .. --------- ... RI-E NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 253 of 293 FIG U R E 2 0 9 . SHORT D U R ATIO N DUST SAM PLIN G APPENDIX B DETAILS OF MINES' OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA - MINE I TABLES 27 AND 27A TO 27 AA PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\gqp326,rep Page 254 of 293 TABLE 27 DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 1 DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION T/L CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION T/LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER ACTUAL WORK DONE a 1 CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONC 1|M[I...... CONC TWA 0.05 0.11 0.24 0.66 0.69 0.49 0.02 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.31 0.31 0.33 0.43 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.58 0.65 0.65 0.83 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.09 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.20 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.06 0.13 0.34 0.77 0.75 0.56 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.10 0.27 0.30 0.37 0.23 0.31 0.28 0.35 0.29 0.38 0.39 0.49 0.64 0.64 0.92 0.57 0.57 0.67 0.73 0.92 2.21 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.16 0.20 0.15 0.18 0.24 0.24 0.26 0.27 0.31 0.34 0.34 0.32 0.33 0.32 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 255 of 293 TABLE 27 A TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 1 DESCRIPTION : CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION TEAM LEADER CONSTRUCTION WORKS CONSTRUCTION WORKS CONSTRUCTION WORKS CONSTRUCTION WORKS CONSTRUCTION WORKS INSTALLING PIPES PIPE INSTALER PIPE INSTALER PIPE INSTALLATION PIPE INSTALLER PIPE INSTALLER PIPE INSTALLER SEALING OF ALL WORKING SEALING OF ALL WORKINGS ACTUAL WORK DONE CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION CONC CONC TWA Mi 0.30 0.33 0.30 0.33 0.31 0.38 0.32 0.29 0.34 0.42 0.35 0.42 0.37 0.44 0.38 0.50 0.38 0.37 0.39 0.48 0.42 0.43 0.45 0.49 0.47 0.54 0.47 0.52 0.49 0.54 0.52 0.63 0.54 0.62 0.57 0.51 0.61 0.70 0.92 1.56 1.04 2.11 1.93 2.76 0.31 0.31 0.08 0.08 0.14 0.15 0.26 0.33 0.31 0.36 0.54 0.58 0.09 0.13 0.42 0.46 0.42 0.48 0.36 0.42 0.22 0.24 0.30 0.58 0.43 0.47 0.14 0.15 0.27 0.32 PROJECT NO Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 256 of 293 TABLE 27 B TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA - MINE 1 DESCRIPTION DRILLING DRILLING MACHIME OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR ACTUAL WORK DONE iWMWWWMm DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING CONC CONC TWA 1.60 1.83 0.62 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.20 2.33 2.84 0.82 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.16 0.13 0.15 0.14 0.17 0.17 0.23 0.22 0.20 0.30 0.25 0.23 0.21 0.26 0.31 0.22 0 22 PROJECT NO: Y240I RLE NAME: j:\sue\gap326 rep Page 257 of 293 TABLE 27 C TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 1 DESCRIPTION ImfofK ' MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR - ACTUAL WORK DONE DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING CONC CONC TWA Ml! 1 1 0.20 0.30 0.22 0.22 0.22' 0.26 0.22 0.30 0.23 0.30 0.23 0.26 0.23 0.28 0.23 0.31 0.23 0.27 0.24 0.26 0.24 0.29 0.25 0.29 0.25 0.33 0.26 0.28 0.26 0.34 0.26 0.35 0.27 0.31 0.27 0.26 0.28 0.37 0.28 0.38 0.29 0.33 0.29 0.34 0.29 0.40 0.29 0.35 0.30 0.35 0.30 0.38 0.30 0.37 0.31 0.37 0.31 0.36 0.31 0.37 0.31 0.36 0.31 0.39 0.31 0.34 031 0.41 0.32 0.38 0.34 0.44 0.34 0.36 0.34* 0.53 0.34' 0.40 0.34" 0.46 0.34' 0.40 0.34' 0.45 0.35" 0.40 0.35' 0.37 0.35" 0.41 0.35" 0.54 0.35 0.38 0.35 0.41 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 258 of 293 TABLE 27 D TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 1 DESCRIPTION MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR ACTUAL WORK DONE DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING CONC CONC TWA BlMi 0.36 0.44 0.36 0.59 0.37 0.46 0.37 0.48 0.37 0.41 0.38 0.45 0.38 0.43 0.38 0.42 0.38 0.42 0.39 0.48 0.39 0.50 0.39 0.50 0.40 0.44 0.40 0.41 0.40 0.47 0.41 0.43 0.41 0.43 0.41 0.48 0.42 0.46 0.42 0.43 0.42 0.52 0.42 0.50 0.42 0.49 0.42 0.44 0.43 0.74 0.43 0.50 0.43 0.52 0.44 0.46 0.44 0.48 0.44 0.47 0.44 0.51 0.45 0.52 0.45 0.48 0.45 0.55 0.45 0.51 0.46 0.52 0.46 0.53 0.46 0.51 0.46 0.57 0.46 0.50 0.47 0.50 0.47 0.56 0.47 0.56 0.47 0.56 0.48 0.52 0.48 0.49 0.48 0.49 0.49 0.58 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 259 of 293 TABLE 27 E TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA - MINE 1 DESCRIPTION MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR ACTUAL WORK DONE DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING CONC CONC mmTWA 0.49 0.61 0.49 0.63 0.49 0.50 0.49 0.50 0.50 0.56 0.50 0.55 0.51 0.53 0.51 0.64 0.51 0.56 0.52 0.68 0.53 0.62 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.65 0.53 0.60 0.54 0.65 0.54 0.59 0.55 0.64 0.55 0.69 0.55 0.96 0.56 0.61 0.56 0.59 0.56 0.65 0.57 0.60 0.58 0.64 0.58 0.69 0.60 0.65 0.61 0.78 0.61 0.69 0.61 0.73 0.61 0.64 0.61 0.66 0.61 0.72 0.64 0.71 0.64 0.79 0.66 0.86 0.67 0.86 0.68 0.80 0.68 0.80 0.69 0.79 0.69 0.75 0.69 0.73 0.71 0.86 0.72 0.77 0.72 0.94 0.72 1.09 0.73 0.92 0.74 0.87 0.75 1.03 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rqi Page 260 of 293 TABLE 27 F TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 1 DESCRIPTION TXmM'/S/ 1 MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR ' ACTUAL WORK DONE 1 1 DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING DRILLING CONC CONC TWA mmm 1 0.75 0.95 0.76 0.77 0.76 0.85 0.77 0.91 0.79 1.30 0.80 0.94 0.87 1.00 0.88 1.29 0.92 1.16 0.95 1.21 0.96 1.59 1.04 1.51 1.05 1.21 1.18 1.05 1.18 2.07 1.18 1.68 1.19 2.02 1.19 1.91 1.22 1.29 1.26 2.21 1.32 2.37 1.36 2.78 1.38 2.02 1.45 2.08 1.85 3.75 11.95 22.31 I'ROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:W4gap326.rcp Page 261 of 293 TABLE 27 G TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 1 LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHER DESCRIPTION ACTUAL CONC WORK DONE urnssssmm r"- LASHING 0.01 LASHING 0.02 LASHING 0.02 LASHING 0.03 LASHING 0.03 LASHING 0.04 LASHING 0.05 LASHING 0.06 LASHING 0.07 LASHING 0.09 LASHING 0.10 LASHING 0.11 LASHING 0.12 LASHING 0.12 LASHING 0.13 LASHING 0.14 LASHING 0.16 LASHING 0.24 LASHING 0.24 LASHING 0.25 LASHING 0.25 LASHING 0.26 LASHING 0.27 LASHING 0.27 LASHING 0.29 LASHING 0.29 LASHING 0.30 LASHING 0.30 LASHING 0.34 LASHING 0.34 LASHING 0.36 LASHING 0.37 LASHING 0.37 LASHING 0.37 LASHING 0.38 LASHING 0.41 LASHING 0.41 LASHING 0.44 LASHING 0.44 LASHING 0.44 "lashing 0.48 LASHING 0.49 LASHING 0.50 LASHING 0.50 LASHING 0.59 i LASHING 0.61 HASHING 0.62 | LASHING 0.62 1 CONC TWA 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.08 0.10 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.16 0.18 0.30 0.26 0.28 0.41 0.27 0.32 0.30 0.36 0.34 0.34 0.35 0.39 0.36 0.41 0.42 0.40 0.47 0.41 0.45 0.49 0.56 0.48 0.45 0.57 0.59 0.60 0.63 0.59 0.74 0.73 0.78 PROJECT NO Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 262 of 293 TABLE 27 H TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 1 DESCRIPTION LASHER LASHER LASHER LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING ACTUAL WORK DONE LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING LASHING CONC mm 0.65 0.71 1.26 0.03 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.11 0.20 0.21 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.33 0.35 0.35 0.36 0.38 0.44 0.45 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.53 0.53 0.54 0.61 0.61 0.63 0.65 0.67 0.86 1.02 1.14 1.89 CONC TWA 0.73 0.89 1.86 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.13 0.25 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.27 0.33 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.35 0.31 0.51 0.37 0.44 0.51 0.47 0.47 0.52 0.61 0.49 0.54 0.60 0.58 0.65 0.64 0.81 0.59 0.49 0.66 0.77 0.99 0.68 1.45 1.10 1.65 3.33 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 263 of 293 TABLE 27 I TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA - MINE 1 DESCRIPTION ARTISAN AID ASSISTANT MACHINE OPERATOR ASST FITTER ASST LOCO DRIVER ASST MACHINE OPERATOR ASST MACHINE OPERATOR ASST MACHINE OPERATOR ASST MACHINE OPERATOR ASST PUMP OPERATOR BACKFILL OPERATOR BACKFILL OPERATOR BACKFILL OPERATOR BANKSMAN ASST BARRER BARRER BARRER BARRER BARRER BARRER BARRER BARRER BARRER BARRER BARRER BARRER BARRER BELL RING OPERATOR BELL RINGER BELL RINGER BELL RINGER BELL RINGER BELL RINGER BELL RINGER BELT LVL OPERATOR BLACKSMITH ASSISTANT BLACKSMITH ASST BLACKSMITH ASST BOILERMAKER AID BOILERMAKER AID BOILERMAKER AIDE BOILERMAKER AIDE BOILERMAKER AIDE BOILERMAKER AIDE BOILERMAKER AIDE BOILERMAKER AIDE BOILERMAKER ASSISTANT BOILERMAKER ASST BOILERMAKER ASST ACTUAL WORK DONE OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER CONC CONC TWA i &m3Sa2mSSm53 0.10 0.11 0.45 0.77 0.07 0.09 0.62 0.68 0.23 0.28 0.38 0.42 0.41 0.43 0.45 0.51 0.09 0.12 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.28 0.30 0.19 0.21 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.22 0.23 0.26 0.33 0.28 0.37 0.32 0.56 0.36 0.63 0.39 0.47 0.50 0.55 0.56 0.64 0.56 0.74 0.58 0.71 0.21 0.25 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.35 0.34 0.37 0.47 0.51 0.54 1.05 1.19 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.06 0.17 0.16 0.04 0.04 0.09 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.26 0.28 0.32 0.36 0.39 0.52 0.44 0.44 0.18 0.20 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 264 of 293 TABLE 27 J TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 1 DESCRIPTION ftr BOILERMAKER ASST BOILERMAKER ASST BOILERMAKER ASST BOILERMAKER ASST BOILERMAKER ASST BOILERMAKER ASST BOILERMAKER ASST BOILERMAKER ASST CHECKER CHECKER CHEMICAL SPRAY CLEANER CLEANER CLEANER CLEANER CLEANER CLEANING CLEANING CLEANING CLEANING CLEANING CLEANING CLEANING CLEANING CHANGE HOUSE CLEANING DAM CLEANING DAM CLEANING DAM CLEANING DAM CLEANING DRAINS CLEANING FILER BAGS CLEANING FILTER BAGS CLEANING FILTER BAGS CLEANING FILTER BAGS CLEANING FILTER BAGS CLEANING FILTER BAGS CLEANING FILTER BAGS CLEANING FILTER BAGS CLEANING FILTER BAGS CLEANING FILTER BAGS CLEANING PUMPS CLEANING PUMPS CLEANING PUMPS CLEANING SECTION CLEANING SECTION CLEANING SECTION CLEANING SECTION CLEANING SECTION CLEANING SHAFT ACTUAL WORK DONE j i BBSS8B88888g888llllllflli^^ OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER CONC mm 0.08 0.10 0.21 0.24 0.25 0.28 0.31 0.33 0.02 0.03 0.14' 0.01 0.11 0.33 0.34 0.68 0.01 0.02 0.28 0.31 0.49 0.63 0.77 0.12 0.20 0.22 0.23 0.30 0.10 0.11 0.05 0.23 0.26 0.30 0.31 0.33 0.38 0.39 0.42 0.15 0.25 0.35 0.18 0.24 0.34 0.37 0.41 0.10 CONC TWA 0.07 0.10 0.33 0.21 0.26 0.24 0.34 0.39 0.02 0.03 0.13 0.01 0.11 0.33 0.68 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.25 0.39 0.53 0.65 0.82 0.12 0.23 0.23 0.28 0.61 0.11 0.12 0.07 0.31 0.26 0.34 0.34' 0.40 0.48 0.49 0.57 0.15 0.25 0.35 0.20 0.21 0.39 0.46 0.48 0.12 PROJECT NO: Y240I FILE NAME; j ;\sue\gap326.rep Page 265 of 293 TABLE 27 K TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 1 DESCRIPTION CLEANING SHAFT CLEANING SHAFT CLEANING STASION CLEANING STATION CLEANING STATION CLEANING STATION CLEANING STATION CLEANING STATION CLEANING STATION CLEANING STATION CLEANING STATION CLEANING STATION CLEANING STATION CLEANING STATION CLEANING STATION CLEANING STORE CLEANING STORE CLEANING STORE CLEANING STORE CLEANING STORES CLEANING SUB STATION CLEANING SUB STATION CLOSING CAGE DOORS CLOSING DOORS DOOR ATTENDANT DRILL SHARP ASST ELECTRIAN ASST ELECTRICIAN AIDE ELECTRICIAN AIDE ELECTRICIAN ASSISTANT ELECTRICIAN ASST ELECTRICIAN ASST ELECTRICIAN ASST FILTER BAG CLEANER FITTER AID FITTER AID FITTER AID FITTER AID FITTER AID FITTER AID FITTER AID FITTER AIDE FITTER AIDE FITTER ASSISTANT FITTER ASST FITTER ASST FITTER ASST FITTER ASST ACTUAL WORK DONE 1 OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER CONC H 0.24 0.29 0.17 0.07 0.10 0.12 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.33 0.35 0.46 0.05 0.06 0.32 0.39 0.40 0.02 0.18 0.14" 0.38' 0.06" 0.28 0.37 0.07 1.30 0.51 0.12 0.23 0.31 0.03 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.21 0.43 0.60 1.11 0.30 0.08 0.22 0.32 0.32 CONC TWA 0.29 0.36 0.19 0.07 0.12 0.12 0.16 0.32 0.23 0.37 0.37 0.30 0.33 0.36 0.45 0.05 0.06 0.42 0.37 0.41 0.02 0.19 0.16 0.47 0.06 0.29 0.46 0.08 2.18 0.69 0.14 0.25 0.28 0.02 0.09 0.08' 0.19" 0.23' 0.26" 0.40 0.45 0.82" 1.35 0.31 0.08 0.21 0.26 0.50 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 266 of 293 TABLE 27 L TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 1 DESCRIPTION FITTER ASST GENERAL LABOURER GENERAL LABOURER GENERAL LABOURER GENERAL T/LEADER HOISTING ENGINE INSTALLING CABLE INSTALLING LIGHTS INSTALLING LIGHTS INSTALLING LIGHTS LAUNDRY LAUNDRY T/LEADER LOADER LOADER DRIVER LOADER DRIVER LOADER DRIVER LOADING LOADING LOADING LOADING REEF LOCO FITTER MACHANICAL LOADER MACHANICAL LOADER MACHANICAL LOADER MACHENICAL LOADER MACHENICAL LOADING MACHINE ASST MACHINE ASST MACHINE ASST MACHINE ASST MACHINE ASST MACHINE EQUIP OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR ASSISTANT MACHINE OPERATOR ASSISTANT MACHINE OPERATOR ASSISTANT MACHINE OPERATOR ASST MACHINE OPERATOR ASST MACHINE OPERATOR ASST MACHINE OPERATOR ASST MACHINE OPERATOR ASST MACHINE OPRATOR ASST MACHINECAL LOADER MACHINICAL LOADER MACHINICAL LOADER MACHINICAL LOADER MECH EQUIP OPERATOR MECH EQUIP OPERATOR MECH EQUIP OPERATOR ACTUAL WORK DONE OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER . CONC WSSMtSk 0.56 0.24 0.38 0.46 0.40 0.03 0.03 0.16 0.19 0.29 0.04 0.05 0.54 0.26 0.34 0.53 0.41 0.41 0.54 0.53 0.07 0.24 0.39 0.80 0.21 0.42 0.31 0.36 0.40 0.46 0.49 0.49 0.25 0.45 1.57 0.01 0.07 0.12 0.50 0.58 0.14 0.86 0.12 0.14 0.29 0.05 0.06 0.37 CONC TWA 0.78 0.24 0.45 0.54 0.52 0.03 0.03 0.18 0.20 0.37 0.04 0.05 0.68 0.26 0.30 0.52 0.53 0.51 0.57 0.65 0.06 0.28 0.38 0.94 0.23 0.50 0.50 0.47 0.44 0.51 0.64 0.63 0.31 0.60 2.91 0.01 0.08 0.14 0.66 0.66 0.13 1.10 0.14 0.17 0.39 0.06 0.06 0.40 PROJECT NO: Y240I FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 267 of 293 TABLE 27 M TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA - MINE 1 DESCRIPTION MECH EQUIP OPERATOR MECHANIAL LOADER MECHANICAL EQUIP OPERATOR MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADER ACTUAL WORK DONE ! OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER CONC CONC TWA MUM 0.45 0.41 0.21 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.20 0.22 0.25 0.25 0.27 0.28 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.40 0.41 0.41 0.42 0.42 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.47 ' 0.48 0.49 0.49 0.56 0.61 0.62 0.58 0.46 0.23 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.17 0.14 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.21 0.27 0.31 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.48 0.36 0.34 0.39 0.38 0.42 0.46 0.42 0.42 0.46 0.46 0.52 0.51 0.54 0.48 0.46 0.63 0.48 0.48 0.83 0.56 0.52 0.56 1.02 0.77 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 268 of 293 TABLE 27 N TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 1 DESCRIPTION MECHANICAL LOADER MECHANICAL LOADING MECHANICAL LOADING MECHANICAL LOADING MINER ASST MINER ASST MINERS ASST ON SETTER'S ASST ON SETTER'S ASST PAINTER PAINTING PAINTING LOCO PARADE CHECKER PLANT ARTISAN PLANT ATTENDANT PUMP ASSISTANT OPERATOR PUMP ASSISTANT OPERATOR PUMP ASST PUMP ASST PUMP ATTENDANT PUMP ATTENDANT PUMP ATTENDANT PUMP ATTENDANT PUMP ATTENDANT PUMP ATTENDANT PUMP ATTENDANT PUMP ATTENDENT PUMP CLEANER PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR ACTUAL WORK DONE OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER CONC 1 CONC -- TWA 0.99 1.08 0.34 0.39 0.41 0.47 0.56 0.58 0.26 0.27 0.75 0.79 0.59 0.65 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.10 0.10 0.51 0.62 0.49 0.48 0.03 0.03 0.15 0.18 2.41 4.16 0.15 0.26 0.19 0.19 0.28 0.38 0.37 0.39 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.09 0.08 0.23 0.24 0.34 0.36 0.24 0.27 0.49 0.23 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.15 0.14 0.18 0.14 0.18 0.14 0.19 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.19 0.15 0.17 0.15 0.14 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FII-E NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 269 of 293 TABLE 27 0 TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA - MINE 1 DESCRIPTION PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR PUMP OPERATOR ASST PUMP OPERATOR ASST PUMP OPERATOR ASST PUMP SUPERVISION PUMP SUPERVISOR REPAIR LOCO REPAIRED WINCH REPAIRED LOCO REPAIRING LOADER REPAIRING LOCO ACTUAL WORK DONE OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER * CONC CONC TWA 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.22 0.22 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.129 0.129 0.29 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.36 0.37 0.38 o.: 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.45 0.45 0.48 0.50 0.53 0.54 0.85 0.92 2.26 0.26 0.31 0.33 0.30 0.40 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.24 0.07 0.20 0.17 0.15 0.26 0.18 0.32 0.25 0.38 0.28 0.37 0.36 0.27 0.27 0.31 0.36 0.33 0.30 0.30 0.36 0.33 0.54 0.33 0.42 0.45 0.33 0.53 0.56 0.55 0.42 0.37 0.61 0.52 0.57 0.71 0.63 0.83 1.78 3.78 0.34 0.33 0.47 0.41 0.51 0.22 0.25 0.24 0.29 0.10 PROJECT NO. Y2401 FLLE NAME: j:\suc\gap326.rcp Page 270 of 293 TABLE 27 P TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 1 DESCRIPTION REPAIRING LOCO REPAIRING LOCO REPAIRING LOCO RIGGER AID RIGGER AID SAMPLING ASST SAMPLING ASST SAMPLING ASST SAMPLING ASST SANITATION SANITATION SANITATION SANITATION SECURITY GUARD SECURITY GUARD SECURITY GUARD SECURITY GUARD SECURITY GUARD SECURITY GUARD SECURITY GUARD SERVICE LOCO SERVICE LOCO SERVICE LOCO SERVICE PUMP CHAMBER SERVICING LOCO SERVICING LOCO SERVICING LOCO SERVICING PUMPS SERVICING PUMPS SHAFT OBSERVATION SHIFT BOSS ASST SHIFT CONTROLLER SHIFT CONTROLLER SHIFT CONTROLLER SHIFT CONTROLLER SHIFT CONTROLLER SHIFT CONTROLLER SHIFT CONTROLLER SKIP LOADER SPECIAL BARRER SPECIAL BARRER SPECIAL BARRER SPECIAL BARRER SPECIAL BARRER SPECIAL BARRER SPECIAL BARRER SPECIAL BARRER SPECIAL BARRER ACTUAL WORK DONE OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER CONC CONC TWA immm 0.14 0.15 0.54 0.71 1.32 1.65 0.17 0.22 0.32 0.43 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.12 0.16 0.16 0.24 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.13 0.17 0.19 0.26 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.10 0.08 0.14 0.16 0.11 0.16 0.23 0.26 0.29 0.29 0.32 0.28 0.27 0.32 0.08 0.12 0.27 0.22 0.08 0.21 0.29 0.22 0.23 0.33 0.07 0.25 0.36 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.08 0.11 0.10 0.13 0.14 0.53 0.69 0.73 0.21 0.76 0.93 1.04 0.09 0.11 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.09 0.09 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.09 0.10 0.22 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.35 PROJECT NO: Y240I FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 271 of 293 TABLE 27 Q TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 1 DESCRIPTION SPECIAL BARRER SPECIAL BARRER SPECIAL BARRER SPECIAL BARRER SPECIAL BARRER SPECIAL BARRER SPECIAL BARRER SPECIAL BARRER SPECIAL BARRER SPECIAL BARRER SPECIAL BARRER SPECIAL BARRER SPECIAL BARRER SPECIAL BARRER SPECIAL BARRER SPECIAL BARRER SPECIAL OPERATOR STONE SORTER STONE SORTING STOPING STOPING STORE MAN STORE MAN STORE MAN STORE SUPERVISOR STOREMAN SURVEY ASST SWEEPING TEA MAKER TEA MAKER TEA MAKER TEA MAKER TEA MAKER TEA MAKER TEA MAKER TEA MAKER TEA MAKER TEA MAKER TEA MAKER TIP INSPECTION TIP INSPECTION TIP INSPECTION TORCH CUTTING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING ACTUAL WORK DONE OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER CONC CONC TWA w&siszm H 0.33 0.47 0.34 0.42 0.41 0.43 0.43 0.48 0.47 0.48 0.48 0.59 0.52 0.65 0.53 0.64 0.53 0.86 0.57 0.59 0.66 0.71 0.78 0.77 0.79 1.07 1.01 1.26 1.12 1.89 3.14 5.46 0.31 0.37 2.42 2.84 3.83 6.26 0.16 0.18 0.18 0.20 0.09 0.10 0.33 0.46 0.54 0.51 0.04 0.04 0.09 0.09 0.03 0.02 0.43 0.46 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.15 0.16 0.14 0.16 0.20 0.20 0.35 0.38 0.63 0.82 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.07 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 272 of 293 TABLE 27 R TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 1 DESCRIPTION i-- TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING ACTUAL WORK DONE OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER CONC CONC mTsWmA 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.10 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.12 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.17 0.19 0.17 0.20 0.17 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.20 0.27 0.21 0.20 0.21 0.25 0.22 0.25 0.22 0.26 . 0.23 0.28 0.24 0.29 0.24 0.28 0.25 0.30 0.25 0.27 0.25 0.29 0.25 0.30 0.25 0.26 0.25 0.31 0.26 0.30 0.26 0.28 0.27 0.32 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.33 0.29 0.32 0.30 0.41 0.30 0.38 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.34 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.37 0.33 0.38 0.33 0.42 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.47 0.39 0.58 0.39 0.47 0.40 0.42 0.40 0.51 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 273 of 293 TABLE 27 S TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 1 DESCRIPTION TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING ACTUAL WORK DONE OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER CONC CONC mm iTWA MB 0.41 0.47 0.43 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.43 0.44 0.43 0.45 0.44 0.45 0.44 0.52 0.45 0.49 0.45 0.49 0.47 0.48 0.48 0.51 0.48 0.53 0.48 0.61 0.49 0.57 0.49 0.54 0.50 0.53 0.51 0.58 0.52 0.68 0.52 0.58 0.53 0.57 0.54 0.57 0.54 0.73 0.56 0.68 0.56 0.58 0.58 0.64 0.59 0.71 0.61 0.77 0.62 0.69 0.63 0.71 0.65 0.77 0.65 0.65 0.70 0.81 0.71 0.75 0.74 0.73 0.75 1.27 0.76 0.92 0.77 0.92 0.77 0.87 0.78 0.89 0.80 1.13 0.81 1.16 0.82 1.02 0.84 0.97 0.84 1.13 0.84 0.91 0.92 1.10 0.94 1.33 0.99 1.24 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\suc\gap326.rep Page 274 of 293 TABLE 27 T TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA - MINE 1 DESCRIPTION W-' TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING TRAMMING VENT ASSISTANT VENT ASSISTANT VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST ACTUAL WORK DONE OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER CONC CONC TWA WStiBask m 1.01 1.22 1.09 ____ 1.72 1.26 ____ 1.32 1.35 {.75 1.95 2.07 0.34 0.37 0.57 0.60 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.06' 0.06 0.06" 0.1 ol 0.07 0.11 0.11 0.15 0.11 0.14' O.lT 0.14' 0.12 0.12' 0.12 0.18' 0.13 0.14' 0.13 0.16' 0.13 0.18' 0.13 0.14' 0.14 0.17 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.17 0.15 0.17 0.16 0.19 0.16 0.17 0.16 0.23 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.22 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.15 0.19 0.21 0.19 0.22 0.20 0.22 0.20 0.23 0.20 0.29 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.23 0.23 0.27 0.24 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.30 0.31 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.33 0.34 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 275 of 293 TABLE 27 U TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA - MINE 1 DESCRIPTION VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT ASST VENT SURVEY VENTILATION ASST VENTILATION ASST VENTILATION ASST WASHING STORE WASTE SORTING WELDER WELDING WELDING WINCH DRIVER WINCH DRIVER WINCH DRIVER WINCH DRIVER WINCH DRIVER WINCH DRIVER ACTUAL WORK DONE OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER 1 CONC CONC TWA 0.41 0.43 0.44 0.46 0.49 0.66 1.06 0.03 0.08 0.16 0.41 0.26 0.04 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.17 0.21 0.22 0.29 0.64 0.66 0.53 0.51 0.47 0.51 0.59 0.72 1.11 0.03 0.09 0.16 0.46 0.32 0.04 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.18 0.24 0.40 0.36 0.72 0.76 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 276 of 293 TABLE 27 V TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 1 DESCRIPTION SPECIAL TEAM LEADER SPECIAL TEAM LEADER SPECIAL TEAM LEADER SPECIAL TEAM LEADER SPECIAL TEAM LEADER SPECIAL TEAM LEADER SPECIAL TL SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISOR ACTUAL WORK DONE j i---- SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION SUPERVISION CONC CONC TWA Hffigglll wm& 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.11 0.23 0.30 0.32 0.44 0.34 0.49 0.91 1.32 0.63 0.85 0.01 0.00 0.02" 0.02 0.04*1 0.03 0.04* 0.04 0.06* 0.08 0.07 0.15 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.18 0.22 0.20 0.24 0.20 0.22 0.24 0.29 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.29 0.27 0.32 0.27 0.40 0.29 0.34 0.39 0.60 0.47 0.48 0.48 0.62 0.54 0.68 0.55 0.51 0.56 0.60 0.64 0.53 0.68 0.67 0.13 0.19 PROJECT NO: Y240I FILE NAME: j.'sue\gap326.rcp Page 277 of 293 TABLE 27 W TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 1 DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL DESCRIPTION ACTUAL WORK DONE SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT CONC CONC TWA mui 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.17 0.14 0.17 0.15 0.18 0.16 0.18 0.16 0.19 0.16 0.19 0.17 0.19 0.17 0.19 0.19 0.21 0.21 0.27 0.21 0.31 0.21 0.27 0.22 0.31 0.22 0.26 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.42 0.24 0.26 0.24 0.30 0.26 0.31 0.26 0.33 0.26 0.43 0.26 0.31 0.26 0.35 0.26 0.30 0.27 0.31 0.27 0.35 0.28 0.34 0.28 0.32 0.28 0.35 0.28 0.31 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FITE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 278 of 293 TABLE 27 X TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 1 DESCRIPTION SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT ACTUAL WORK DONE SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT CONC CONC TWA mm w&Sm 0.29 0.32 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.37 0.30 0.31 0.30 0.40 0.30 0.41 0.30 0.39 0.31 0.38 0.31 0.41 0.31 0.35 0.31 0.37 0.32 0.36 0.32 0.40 0.32 0.29 0.33 0.47 0.33 0.41 0.33 0.44 0.33 0.40 0.34 0.47 0.35 0.39 0.36 0.41 0.36 0.42 0.36 0.42 0.36 0.42 0.37 0.49 0.38 0.46 0.39 0.42 0.40 0.45 0.40 0.46 0.40 0.50 0.40 0.44 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.51 0.43 0.55 0.43 0.74 0.44 0.49 0.44 0.62 0.44 0.46 0.44 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.45 0.53 0.45 0.60 0.45 0.50 0.46 0.59 0.46 0.55 0.48 0.58 0.48 0.58 0.49 0.54 PROJECT NO Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 279 of 293 8l8lftl5lBl9l2l8lgl8l8lal^l8llalgils!l8lal8lal8llg!slbf|8l8iai8!s!a!g!2!8!8l8lgl8 TABLE 27 Y TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 1 DESCRIPTION ACTUAL WORK DONE SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT TIMBER ASSISTANT TIMBER ASSTANT TIMBER ASSTANT TIMBERING TIMBERMAN SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT CONC mm 0.49 0.50 0.50 0.51 0.51 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.57 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.60 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.62 0.63 0.64 0.67 0.68 0.68 0.72 0.75 0.75 0.84 0.86 0.89 1.06 1.24 1.48 1.71 7.36 0.32 0.08 0.73 0.11 0.27 CONC TWA 0.56 0.70 0.59 0.62 0.63 0.53 0.63 0.51 0.64 0.73 0.62 0.83 0.66 0.66 0.68 0.71 0.62 0.61 0.65 0.65 0.68 0.70 0.96 0.74 0.67 0.70 0.65 0.77 0.78 0.80 0.80 0.91 0.88 0.91 1.07 1.33 1.19 1.46 1.95 2.05 3.86 18.13 0.44 0.11 1.09 0.13 0.31 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rep Page 280 of 293 TABLE 27 Z TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 1 DESCRIPTION LOCO DRIVER LOCO DRIVER LOCO DRIVER LOCO DRIVER LOCO DRIVER LOCO DRIVER LOCO DRIVER LOCO DRIVER LOCO DRIVER LOCO DRIVER LOCO DRIVER LOCO DRIVER ASST LOCO DRIVER ASST TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT ACTUAL WORK DONE TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT CONC CONC mm mTWmA 0.03 0.03 0.09 0.10 0.15 0.17 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.26 0.35 0.45 0.36 0.40 0.38 0.37 0.39 0.47 0.75 0.86 1.33 2.49 0.48 0.59 0.82 1.21 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.08 0.10 0.14 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.09 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.18 0.33 0.20 0.22 0.21 0.22 0.24 0.30 0.25 0.31 0.26 0.32 0.28 0.29 0.28 0.33 0.29 0.32 0.29 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.36 0.48 0.38 0.43 0.39 0.47 0.40 0.41 PROJECT NO; Y240I FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 281 of 293 TABLE 27 AA TABLE 27 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA - MINE 1 DESCRIPTION TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT ACTUAL WORK DONE TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT CONC CONC W mTWmA 0.42 0.59 0.42 0.56 0.46 0.54 0.53 0.64 0.61 0.68 0.82 1.07 1.16 1.78 PROJI-CT NO: Y2401 FUJI NAMFi: j:\suc\gap326.rcp Page 282 of 293 APPENDIX C DETAILS OF MINES' OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA - MINE 2 TABLES 28 AND 28A - 281 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j\sue\gap326.rep Page 283 of 293 TABLE 28 DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 2 OCCUPATION I Construction Assistant Construction Assistant CONTRACTION ASSISTANT Railroad Contractors TEAM LEADER (CONCOR) STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant ACTUAL WORK DONE Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction CONC CONC TWA 0.17 0.14 0.53 0.45 0.20 0.62 0.16 0.23 0.09 0.09 0.62 0.53 0.73 0.20 0.54 0.59 0.63 0.44 0.17 0.41 0.41 0.39 0.48 0.30 0.50 0.42 0.47 0.17 0.28 1.51 0.51 0.43 0.16 0.23 0.10 0.51 0.34 0.01 0.09 0.26 0.20 0.21 0.37 0.72 0.14 0.08 0.35 0.40 0.63 0.68 0.48 0.18 0.14 0.66 0.46 0.19 0.76 0.20 0.27 0.10 0.11 0.66 0.66 0.84 0.23 0.64 0.71 0.71 0.49 0.20 0.46 0.49 0.44 0.58 0.36 0.59 0.47 0.55 0.21 0.29 2.41 0.60 0.44 0.06 0.24 0.11 0.54 0.37 0.01 0.09 0.30 0.22 0.23 0.38 0.72 0.14 0.08 0.38 0.41 0.64 0.70 0.50 PROJECT NO: Y240I FILE NAME: j:\aie\gap326.rep Page 284 of 293 TABLE 28 A TABLE 28 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA - MINE 2 OCCUPATION Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant ACTUAL WORK DONE Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction CONC CONC TWA HI imi 0.29 0.29 0.71 0.72 0.52 0.53 0.41 0.41 0.35 0.36 0.38 0.39 0.91 0.94 0.22 0.24 0.51 0.51 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sueVgap326.rep Page 285 of 293 TABLE 28 B TABLE 28 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA - MINE 2 OCCUPATION Machine Operator Machine Operator MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR MACHINE OPERATOR Machine Operator Machine Operator Machine Operator Machine Operator Machine Operator Rockdrill Operator Machine Assistant Machine Assistant Machine Assistant Machine Assistant Machine Assistant Machine Assistant Machine Assistant Machine Assistant Machine Assistant Machine Assistant Machine Assistant Machine Assistant Machine Assistant MACHINE ASSISTANT MACHINE ASSISTANT Machine Operator Assistant Machine Operator Assistant Machine Operator Assistant Machine Operator Assistant Rock Assistant Rock Drill Assistant Rockdrill Assistant ACTUAL WORK DONE Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling Drilling CONC CONC TWA VBtaml igm 0.25 0.30 0.27 0.36 0.65 0.79 0.48 1.88 0.15 0.17 0.39 0.42 0.60 0.62 0.25 0.25 0.42 0.46 0.34 0.36 0.22 0.23 0.43 0.52 0.60 0.67 0.25 0.30 0.12 0.15 0.10 0.11 0.18 0.21 0.27 0.26 0.12 0.16 1.50 1.72 0.41 0.45 0.48 0.57 0.59 0.68 0.29 0.32 0.66 0.80 1.61 1.86 0.42 0.44 0.78 0.81 0.33 0.35 0.33 0.37 0.52 0.54 11.09 0.10 0.40 0.41 PROJECT NO Y2401 FII.E NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rqp Page 286 of 293 TABLE 28 C TABLE 28 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 2 OCCUPATION Stope Assistant Stops Assistant STOPING STOPING STOPING STOPING STOPING STOPING STOPING STOPING ASSISTANT Stoping Assistant Sloping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant ACTUAL WORK DONE Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing CONC CONC TWA mmm wm 0.32 0.33 0.66 0.72 0.06 0.07 0.29 0.32 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.21 0.51 0.61 0.12 0.15 0.37 0.42 0.13 0.14 0.33 0.36 0.55 0.57 0.16 0.18 0.21 0.24 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.29 0.39 1.02 1.19 0.36 0.43 0.15 0.18 0.54 0.80 0.34 0.40 0.77 0.90 0.41 0.44 0.42 0.49 0.29 0.33 0.34 0.39 0.40 0.46 0.40 0.45 0.29 0.35 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.19 0.24 0.36 0.44 2.01 2.31 0.12 0.14 0.39 0.56 0.10 0.11 0.07 0.08 0.56 0.65 0.42 0.46 0.26 0.30 0.36 0.41 0.83 0.83 0.70 0.78 1.44 1.63 0.42 0.49 1.08 1.05 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME; j:tsue\gap326rep Page 287 of 293 TABLE 28 D TABLE 28 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 2 OCCUPATION Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant ACTUAL WORK DONE Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing Lashing CONC CONC TWA ggragEES 0.71 0.12 0.39 0.31 0.34 0.54 0.85 0.13 0.46 0.36 0.40 0.62 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 288 of 293 TABLE 28 E TABLE 28 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 2 OCCUPATION DEV. TEAM LEADER SHAFT TEAM LEADER Shift Boss Shift Supervisor TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER Team Leader Tearn Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER ACTUAL WORK DONE Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision CONC CONC TWA ima 0.52 0.62 0.12 0.13 0.33 0.34 1.58 1.61 0.23 0.26 0.14 0.16 0.05 0.06 0.48 0.56 0.14 0.17 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.21 0.13 0.13 0.29 0.31 0.55 0.63 0.04 0.04 0.25 0.28 0.16 0.19 0.27 0.32 0.21 0.25 0.24 0.25 1.14 1.33 0.27 0.29 0.48 0.55 0.86 0.97 0.38 0.40 0.17 0.20 0.27 0.31 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.35 0.40 0.17 0.19 0.42 0.52 0.99 1.09 0.25 0.29 0.70 0.77 0.03 0.04 0.28 0.32 0.56 0.69 0.47 0.53 0.32 0.38 0.81 0.96 0.30 0.34 0.52 0.63 0.22 0.23 0.83 0.93 1.71 1.88 0.43 0.51 0.25 0.27 0.19 0.23 0.15 0.16 0.05 0.06 0.16 0.18 PROJECT NO; Y240I FILE NAME: j:Viue\gap326.rep Page 289 of 293 TABLE 28 F TABLE 28 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 2 OCCUPATION TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER TEAM LEADER Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Tearn Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader TEAM LEADER Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Tearn Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader Team Leader ACTUAL WORK DONE Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision CONC CONC mmTWA ragaa 0.10 0.11 0.01 0.01 0.29 0.33 0.42 0.50 0.33 0.40 0.31 0.34 0.41 0.49 0.09 0.11 0.08 0.10 0.14 0.16 0.35 0.39 0.13 0.15 0.33 0.41 0.15 0.17 0.79 0.92 0.35 0.56 0.23 0.27 0.25 0.30 0.88 0.98 0.26 0.32 0.59 0.64 0.57 0.57 0.49 0.53 0.03 0.03 0.36 0.37 0.48 0.49 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\suc\gap326.rcp Page 290 of 293 TABLE 28 G TABLE 28 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA - MINE 2 OCCUPATION TIMBER ASSISTANT TIMBER ASSISTANT TIMBER ASSISTANT Timber Assistant Timber Assistant Timber Assistant Timber Assistant Timber Assistant TIMBER MAN Timberman Timberman Timberman Timberman Assistant Power Pack Operator Power Packer Prop Jacker Sloping Assistant Sloping Assistant Sloping Assistant Stoping Assistant Sloping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Assistant Stoping Asstant Stoping Asstistant Stopping Assistant Stopping Assistant Stopping Assistant Stopping Assistant STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT ACTUAL WORK DONE Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support CONC CONC TWA i1 MUHHBBfBMGgOI 0.33 0.33 0.40 0.40 0.16 0.17 0.42 0.47 0.19 0.21 0.52 0.56 0.24 0.24 0.51 0.52 0.16 0.18 0.25 0.29 0.27 0.27 0.31 0.31 0.06 0.07 0.12 0.13 0.72 0.77 0.25 0.25 0.21 0.21 0.56 0.57 0.59 0.61 0.14 0.15 0.40 0.40 0.28 0.29 1.36 1.41 0.27 0.28 0.25 0.26 0.67 0.68 0.14 0.15 0.34 0.34 0.60 0.62 0.28 0.28 2.81 2.81 0.21 0.41 0.14 0.30 0.00 0.20 0.17 0.35 0.32 0.35 0.83 0.86 0.34 0.40 0.37 0.51 0.08 0.09 0.36 0.39 0.37 0.42 0.33 0.36 0.41 0.47 0.68 0.82 0.75 0.83 0.43 0.51 0.14 0.15 0.85 0.99 0.49 0.59 0.42 0.48 0.68 1 0.81 PROJECT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 291 of 293 TABLE 28 H TABLE 28 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA - MINE 2 OCCUPATION 1 STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT STOPING ASSISTANT ACTUAL WORK DONE Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support Support CONC CONC TWA ^029 0.32 0.19 0.24 0.46 0.53 0.41 0.48 0.27 0.32 0.66 0.78 0.20 0.24 0.17 0.20 0.18 0.19 0.07 0.08 0.17 0.18 0.10 0.11 0.03 0.04 0.38 0.44 0.75 0.89 I'KOJI-CT NO: Y2401 FILE NAME: j:\aic\gap326.rep I'age 292 of 293 TABLE 28 I TABLE 28 CONTINUED DETAILS OF MINE'S OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DATA-MINE 2 OCCUPATION Loco Dirver Loco Driver Loco Driver Loco Driver Loco Driver Loco Driver LOCO DRIVER LOCO DRIVER LOCO DRIVER LOCO DRIVER LOCO DRIVER LOCO DRIVER LOCO DRIVER LOCO DRIVER LOCO DRIVER LOCO DRIVER LOCO DRIVER LOCO DRIVER Loco Driver Loco Driver Loco Driver Loco Driver Loco Driver Loco Driver Loco Driver Loco Driver Loco Driver Loco Driver Loco Driver Loco Driver Loco Driver Loco Driver Loco Driver Loco Driver Loco Driver Loco Driver Loco Driver Loco Driver Loco Driver ACTUAL WORK DONE Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport T ransport Transport Transport Transport CONC CONC TWA mu 1.01 1.05 0.56 0.65 0.41 0.57 0.85 0.73 0.57 0.64 0.42 0.45 0.08 0.10 0.44 0.53 0.33 0.38 0.35 0.41 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.08 0.25 0.29 0.13 0.16 0.22 0.24 0.12 0.14 0.31 0.36 0.30 0.37 0.25 0.29 0.26 0.30 0.37 0.72 0.57 1.09 0.19 0.20 0.31 0.32 0 04 0.04 0.35 0.39 2.02 2.06 0.49 0.54 0.42 0.43 1.38 1.38 0.05 0.05 0.09 0.09 0.91 0.92 0.54 0.55 0.29 0.30 1.32 1.34 1.10 1.10 0.52 0.53 PROJECT NO: Y2401 I'llii NAME: j:\sue\gap326.rcp Page 293 of 293