Document 4J0R9JmXgJ93nNRk9B0nqN55R

0007-SWP-044780 -6- M. VAN LOO Cont. #112 - Cont. CH 5069 - Fire Retardant Flat Titanium Dioxide Borax Calcium Sulphate Vegetable Oils and Resins Drier and Mineral Spirits 16.7* 27.6* 15.7* 16.7* 25.3* 100.0* CH 5870 - Firo Retardant Semi-Gloss Titanium Dioxide Borax Calcium Sulphate Calcium Carbonate Vegetable Oils and Resins Drier and Mineral Spirits 22.2* 23.6* 8.2* 7.8* 18.7* 19.5* 100.0* These type materials when tasted for fire retardance showed that the semi-gloss na3 sorceriiat better than the flat. This is to be expected on the basis of porosity of the flat paint. A washability test showed that a fire retardant flat applied over Wall Primer and Sealer had much lower washability than the semi-gloss applied over the same uncercoater. During the month a batch of special fire retardant paint was made up on a type of formulation suggested by the Forest Products Laboratory in their latest publication. The specific batch made up consisted of 54 parts by weight of (NH^Hj j PC^, 6 parts by weight of mica and 40 parts by weight of 2* sodium alginate gel. This composition gives a medium heavy brushing consistency, which can be applied as a heavy transparent coating which dries to a flat white. When tested for fire retardant properties it seemed the best of any tested to date. For interior usage under average conditions its fire retardant properties, according to Forest Products Laboratory, should be retained indefinitely. This, of course, does not include washing. #177 - Pigment Studies Titanium Calcium Pigments Report of teats mentioned in the December report: Pigments under test included rutile titanium calcium pigments li Cal R 20 Special C 1290, litanox RC HT new production, and Titsnox RC Hi "X" type. Titanox C and Xi Cal MX 104 were used as reference standards in the Paintsrcraft 410 Flat and Flatr-Tcno formulas respectively. Paintercraft #10 Flat is ground at Kensington on the roller mill, anc Flat-Tone on the pebble mill. 0007-SWP-044781 0007-SWP-000114151 -7- id VAN LOO Cont. #177 - Cent. A. - Opacity The rutile titaniura calcium pigments have a marked opacity savants. . over the anatase types. In these tests it appeared that Titanox AC HT is slightly higher in opacity than the Ti Cal R-20 Special C 1290. Contrast ratios at 715 sq. ft./gal. - Paintercraft fflQ Flati 9Of, Titanox C, 1271 dry Titanium Calcium 91/ Ti Cal R 20 Special " " 92/ Titanox RC HT "" A similar relationship carried through the Flat-Tone series. B - Color Color differences between the pigments tested are very slight. How ever, it is our impression that the Ti Cal R 20 is slightly core blue in tone than the Titanox RC HT. The rutile calcium pigments are all about 1/ higher in brightness than are the anatase materials. C - Consistency 1. Paintercraft if10 flat At three days, titaniura calcium pigments Titanox C, Titanox RC HT and Titanox RC KT X all gave comparable body, 14.4", 19", ana IS.6" re- . spectively, with a 700 gm. load timed at SO revolutions on the dtormer. How ever, Ti Cal R 20 Special was much higher in body, giving a reaoing of 70" under similar conditions. The reduced paints of all brushed very sell, even though the increased boay of the R 20 was still evident when stirring with a spatula. 2. Flat-Tone In Flat-Tone, all paints were comparable in body, giving read ings of 98, 86, 94, and 92 Kreba1 units at three days' age. Values are in the order named for titanium calcium pigments Ti Cal MX 104, Ti Cal R 20 Special, Titanox RC HT, and Titanox RG HT X. The consistency picture being quite different in the Paintercraft and the Flat-Tone, we checked the above relationship and found them to be reproducible. However, by grinding the Flat-Tone on the roller mill, v;e have been able to duplicate the condition arrived at in the Paintercraft formulation. That is, R 20 is then the highest in body instead of the lowest as occurred in the normal Flat-Tone grind. Indications are that the R 20 is a herd materiel to wet and that as complete wetting cannot be accomplished in a few passes on the roller mill as in the pebble mill, bith a very tight, set of the mill, we can reduce the differential between the R 21 and the standard pigment in. the Paintercraft formula. 0007-SWP-044782 0007-SWP-000114152 -s- 1H. VAN LOO Cont. J177 - Coat. A check on consistencies of the above paints after aging one month shows that although the bodies of the paints change, the relationship between the pigments is comparable to those values determined at three days' age. P - Ghosting All of the titanium calcium pigments were bad rdth respect to ghost ing. However, the Ti Cal fl 20 is equal to the anatase Ti02 in this respect, while the RC HT normal and 1 type are both considerably worse from a ghosting standpoint. E - Sheen Titanox RC HT normal and X types, as well as the standard, are all fairly high in sheen and equal to each other. Ti Cal R 0 Special is defin itely lower in sheen with the uniformity being only slightly lower. F - Carbon Black Undertone Anatase titanium calcium pigments tint with a very desirable blue under-tone when using carbon black tint base, whereas rutile titanium calcium pigments normally have a dirty under-tone. Titanox RC HT is a normal rutile material in this respect, but the Ti Cal R 20 appears to be somewhat of an improvement over other rutiles that have been examined. Thia factor is mentioned only as an observation and does not imply that the Ti Cal R 20 is equal to the anatase materials .for blue under-tcne. New Titanium Dioxide Pigments The folloy/ing pigments have been made up into SvVP Undercoater - Rex 450 and SWP Gloss White - Rex 471, and have been painted out on cedar for exposure at Coffeyville, 90 south and Chicago, 90 south and 90 north. Colonial Yellow tints of each of these will be prepared and will be placed on exposure as soon as possible. TiOa pigments under test: Titanox A - 1403 T Ti Pure R 110 Titanox RA 50/50 blend Titanox EA/1403 I Ti Pure R 200 (old production, about January, 1942) Unitane R 250 Ti Pure R 200, lot 4773 (current receipts) 0007^SWP-044763 0007-SWP-000114153 -9- M. VAN LOO Cont. #162 - Studies of Flat Wall Paint Formulation Due to the difficulties encountered by Newark and Cleveland in the manufacture of the flat wall paint d02 bodied oil vehicle (594), various oils were tested as possible replacements. Several heat bodied oils were tested, as well as special (2394)S' prepared by the Resin Research Department, also a fast bodied linseed oil ARV 2945 submitted by Mr. Walton. All oils tested to date except standard (394) produced low visco sity paints, with the exceptions of bodied linseed oils (09), (321), and (324). Bodied linseed (09) was not very satisfactory due to poor color, while in general the 300 series of oils have stickier brushing properties than (2394). To date the most logical replacement is bodied linseed (321), although it is not an actual replacement insofar as maintenance of all qualities is concerned. The experimental batches are grayer in color. Work is continuing in coopera tion with the Resin Research Department. #105 - Metal Protective Paints A series of J magnesium alloy panels were placed on test to study primers for aircraft usage. One series was coated by dipping with two coats of 43806-L zinc chromate primer using 8-?i zinc chromates 12054 and D 2689, and competitive zinc chromate pigments Xentucky Color's #2813, Reichold's 1410 and Krebs' KJ 1306. Another series were coated with two coats of the above primer and one ooat of Rex 47870 - Aircraft manel Lime Yellow. One batch of panels from each series was placed in a 3;< salt spray cabinet and another batch of each series was placed in an alternate immersion dip apparatus using a 3% salt solution as suggested by the Dow Chemical Co. This same series will be put out on exposure on 8" x 24" hot rolled steel panels and exposed at Chicago and Florida to determine the relative rust inhibitive properties of these pigments, particularly as affected by the chloride content. The top half of each primer panel will be given a finish coat of Metalastic Black, Rex 5391. At our request, Monsanto Chemical Company prepared two samples of ferric orthophosphate to determine whether it possessed any merit as a rust inhibitive pigment, bample #1 was ground and air separated to scalp out oversize particles. The particle size was approximately 9656 through a 325 mesh screen, oample #2 was obtained as a dust fraction during the air separation of Sample #1. The two samples were substituted for sine dust as a pound for pound replacement in G and G Primer, Rex 27733, and the vehicle was revised to use Mixing Varnish V 11113 to. replace Mixing Varnish (2841)G. Sample No. 1 pro duced a primer similar in consistency to the regular zinc dust primer, but Damnle No. 2 produced a very high consistency net suitable for application. 0007-SWP-044784 0007-SWP-000114154 -10- M Yi'U LOC Cont. ^*105 -- Cont. the samples were brushed, out on galvanized steel panels against the standard prir.'.ar. The results of these tests indicated that the ferric ortho phosphate seriously increased the crying time of the paints. Allowing suffi cient time for drying, these paints will be put on exposure in Chicago only or. both galvanized steel ana cold rolled steel panels. Panels 6920-6331 C, 3" x 24" steel panels, were painted for exposure at Chicago only, covering the reformulations of Hex 9550 Metalastic Park Gray and Bax 27393 - Metalastic Light Gray to reduce flow end increase build as discussed ir. the December report. The gray primer using blue lead in the pigmentation of the Rromik vehicle, as described in earlier reports, was included. till - Mildew Inhibitors in the November, 1942 report mention was made of the study of pos sible substitutes for tetrachlorphenol as fungicides for use in mildew resistance treatment of paints. The various experimental batches have now been applied on cedar and yellow pine panels for exposure in Florida only, under conditions conducive to mildew growth. The fungicides included are: (a) 2052 ary - Dowicide 6, (b) technical grade tetrachlorphenol, (c) phenol mercuric oleate (1 to 1000 and 1 to 500), (u) Stabilizer jj<6, and (e) Aoccal (high molecular alkyl-dimethyl-benzyi-ommonium chloride 10$ solution). The panels are 6913-19 F. Special Studies Finishes fox* Military Hutments and Barracks As a result of a discussion of results of the moisture absorption tests carried out on various primers and sealers, as reported in December, a much more extensive primer and sealer study has been started. The Airplane and automotive sections of the Lacquer Department, the Furniture Technical Service, and the Varnish Laboratory cooperated in planning the program and test procedure, and in the preparation, of some of the panels. The general plan is to test eight panels for each material or sys tem, four of which are to be run continuously in the humidity cabinet at 110 ?. and 100$ relative humidity and the other four to be put through a daily cycle as follows: (a) over night in the humidity cabinet, (b) three hours at low temperature, -20 F. or less most of this time, (c) two hours in a 140 F. oven, ana (a) two hours' exposure to the carbon arc. In each set, two panels are matched duplicates of Ponderosa pine and two are of birch. The panels are 6 x 8 x 5/9" and are sealed an the edges with asphalt enamel, thus having two tost surfaces exposed. A total of 163 panels will be tested, with weigh* Lr.croases and film failure to be checked every day or as \Ttnc as possible. I~.ti.nl moisture content of sample panels will bo cheered. 0007-SWP-000114155 -5- M. VAN LOO Cont.__ This shows clearly the value of ZnO in the film in early drying cf f'the""film. These extractions will be repeated on this series at six and 12 Months, as well as on another series which will be put out in late spring, to ^determine the ultimate effect of zinc oxide on sol-gel ratios present in the ?f<lm at given times. - Exterior Primers TplJ . In order to check the feasibility of using Vanderbilt's pyrophyllite Wlnert, Pyrax B, in SW5 450 Undercoater a plant batch was ground under normal ^production conditions. The Pyrax B has a small amount of coarse particles ^jxompared with magnesium silicate 20 L, which militates against its grinding `^properties, The special batch of 450 Undercoater came out with a grind of 1 P y&gainst the standard of 2 M, and it was necessary to strain the batch through S^sLlk. The sheen was lower than standard. The viscosity was equal to standard. At the same time a special production scale batch of SRP Gloss White jwas ground substituting Pyrax B for the magnesium silicate 20 L. Again the \*gl03S was low, requiring the addition of extra bodied linseed to bring up the fgloss.- The viscosity was satisfactory. 7 - Pigment Studies ' New Titanium Dioxide Pigments 1 * ' ' During the past month exposures of various TiOz pigments have been Unmade in the Rex 450 - Hex 471 2-coat paint systems. These paints were also fbinted to Rex 375 - LWP Colonial Yellow and exposed as a second group. . . Both north and south exposures at Chicago were made on the above set of panels so that we might study dirt retention and tint retention more "critically. We have recently seen exposures made by du Pont in which they .encountered peculiar differences between paints when they were exposed facing north as compared with the normal south exposures. The li02 pigment3 included in the above test were: Titanox A, Ti Pure R 200, old production and current receipts, Ti Pure R 110, Unitans ;R 250, Titanox RA, and a 50/50 blend" of Titanox RA and Titanox A; ' * ' In order that we may have complete information as regards this TI02 ' picture a set of paints has been made for the study of tint retention. Paints were made on the SKP Gloss White - Rex 471 formula and are to be tinted to match Rex 375 Colonial Yellow and Rex 363 Slate. In this set non-chalking and semi-nonchalking rutile titaniums are being compared with lead titanate lor tint retention. Ti02 pigments included in test: Ti Pure R 610, Ti Pure R 510, Ti Pure R 200, 1895 dry - Titanox L. 0007-SWP-044786 0007-SWP-000114156 Ji. VAN LOG Cont. 'Itm. - Cont. Cleveland reported on comparisons of Titanox A #24 - 147 dry and ' rutile fi 610 - 2174 dry in Rem X-47 enamels. They found no appreciable difiference in grinding qualities. 2174 dry was slightly stronger than 2147 dry, lend produced a slightly yellow tinge which had to be overcome by shading. T'lt is interesting to note that when exposed under the National Carbon lamp, -'the 2174 dry chalked slightly more than the 2147 dry. This is unexpected and may be contradicted by exterior exposures which will be reported on later. rl'Ihe chalk which accumulated after 320 hours and 630 hours in the lamp cleaned ,up readily with Opex Polish. #162 - Studies of Flat Wall Paint Formulation Since some production batches of Flat-Tone have been running low in ii'viscosity using the lithopone-2inc sulphide pigmentation, investigations indi cate that relief may be obtained using the higher consistency lithopone 461 H, ,fA factory batch is being ground using half 461 S and half H. >- Work is under way to study the possibilities of conservation of oil ?in Flat-Tone by a 20? reduction in oil content. Work to date indicates a con siderable reduction in tightness, recoatability, and washability of the films. Work continues. A preliminary investigation is under way investigating the possibili ties of Congo varnish V 11838 in Wall Primer and Sealer,' and also as a replace ment for modified phenolic varnish (3810)G in Triseal. The Congo varnish //appears to be a satisfactory replacement, although further work is required on 5the varnish to eliminate some critical ingredients." #105 - Metal Protective Pajnt3 ; A sample of calcium chromate was recently submitted for test by .Diamond Alkali. This was made up into airplane primer 43806-L together with '/our regular zinc chromate - 12054 dry.' At 20 days in the 3? salt spray cabi*net CaCr04 seems to be slightly superior to 12054 dry.' In the humidity cabidnet there is no rusting on either panel at the present time (20 days).' How-' eyer, the calcium chromate has leached out badly from the film. This is to be expected on the basis of the solubility of the material, which will prob|.fably limit its use. (Ca. 16 grama in 100 of H20 at 20 C.) #77 - Mildew Inhibitors Miitb'i- An oil conservation formula was developed for flex 63057 - bP Gloss Fihite Mildew Resistant Treated, along the vehicle lines used in the oil con servation formula for SAP Gloss White.' An earlier set of mildew resistant treated paints were prepared in November, 1942, which included regular 2052 dry tetrachlorphenol, a technical grade of tetrachlorphenol, Roccal, stabilizer #6, phenyl mercuric oleate, and S iP Mildew Resistant Treated Gloss White. Due to the shortage and restrictions 0007-SWP-044787 0007-SWP-000114157 ALLIED RESEARCH LABORATORIES Report of Investigations for March, 1943 M. VAN LOO ffrV - SWP 471 In the February report mention, was made of plant trials to be made loo SWP Gloss White replacing bodied linseed oil (48) by Mr. Walton's fast fbodied Z-2 linseed V 11125. In spite of the darker color as compared with y48), when used in Sr Gloss Whitej the color of the paint appears entirely ('acceptable. Since V 11125 can be brought to Z-2 body in two hours, this oil `"appears very interesting from an economy standpoint as regards fire-hours. Occasionally the Kensington factory, as well as other points, has ^experienced color difficulties due to "manganese float)-' on certain batches of fSJSP Gloss White. To check the floating tendencies of various types of mangan- tese driers, batches were prepared on the current formula introducing the man ganese on equal metal basis as (543) Manganese Linoleate drier, 4$ Manganese Nuolate, 4^ Manganese Advasol drier, 6% Manganese Soligen (Modified), GJi Shepjjherd Liquid Manganese No, 6, and 4 Ferro Manganese Tallate drier. No differSences in color were observed, but the tests will-be repeated to verify these |results. Granulation and durability tests will be run. . .. During the month considerable time was spent in handling production Iprotjlems of SY!P Gloss White and Undercoater being manufactured at outside pplants. jt r Final examination was made of Florida exposures at 24 months test- ling the regular lead titanate-titanium oxide blend of Rex 385 - Straw, Rex 47Q - Golden Yellow, and Rex 375 - Colonial Yellow of 1-5-40 against a pre vious formulation carrying no lead titanate and against a special formula-. |tioa very high in lead titanate. The regular formulas used chrome and ochre ^tinting colors, the special used ferrites, and it is difficult to estimate i'-.the influence of these on the final results. The high lead titanate paints tare surprisingly good all aroundj chalking starts relatively late, fading is 'much less, and check-resistance is possibly better, though differences in the ..latter respect are very slight. Dirt-collection apparently was not excessive, '.although rather serious in the early stages. ijj.164 - Reformulation Studies of House Paint to Reduce Dirt Collection Chicago exposures of oil conservation whites were examined after six months (October through March), These are exposed both over Rex 450 and as one-coat work on Ponderosa pine and Douglas fir siding, vertical south, with regular Rex 471 Gloss White as guide. The use of bodied oil, and, in some cases, elimination of inert, produced the desired pigment volume concen tration at a saving in linseed oil. The basic formula used was Rex 471 of 4-8-42, which carries 200 pounds of leaded zinc as 414 W and 150 pounds of free-chalking titanium as 1403 T. The following chart shows briefly the vehicle characteristics of the paint3 tested: 0007-SWP-044788 0007-SWP-000114158 -5- M. VAN LOO Cont. S^irork, Titanox R-200, used in one case, showed increased dirt collection. The ^outstanding panel is that of OJ 298 F, a special with very low p.v.c. It shows ^veiy had dirt collection; but without undercoater the chalking is so rapid th?.t Jtnost of; the heavy dirt film has cleaned off. Gardner's oil-saving formula is ^'comparatively good. (Florida reports show earlier tendencies toward checking,) OJ 296 F, to cite one of the most clear-cut examples of the use of heavy Unbodied oil and low inert, is at least as good in appearance as Rex 471, the idea of this method of oil conservation seems to be upheld so far. |#86 - Durability of Pigments with Special Reference to Leaded Zinc and White Lead . Panels testing a special grind of S-W vfaite lead prepared by tLs ^Pulverizing Machinery Company were examined after 51 months at Chicago. All y*rere 5-coat self-primed work on Ponderosa pine. Both Rex 17 Paste White Lead jj$vand Martin-Senour Rex 100 Monarch Outside White formulas were used aB a basis Sfor the comparison of this specially pulverized material with representative ^samples from our white lead plant. Definite to very bad checking, cracking Sand flaking have developed, and the only clearly significant differences are ^ln'favor of the regular stock guides (Rex 17 and Rex 100) aB opposed to the ^laboratory batches making up . the main feature of the test. The special pulJyerization shows no particular good effects. ' Incidentally, the self-cleaning ^properties of this formula of Rex 100 ready-mixed paint now revised are not particularly better-than, those of straight lead-in-oil, but resistance to and cracking is definitely better with Rex 100. (Panels 2550-5 C.) Mildew Inhibitors At the request of Mr, H. Einbecker, work is being done .on Mildew ^Resistant Treated Undercoater and Gloss White to develop a` formula which could Susa the SWP Gloss White and Undercoater pastes as shipped in, thus reducing sroir consumption. It appears tb date that the most desirable method of handl ing the Dowicide 1b to dissolve it in some oil and add the solution to the ^'.^in-down. Previous effortB to introduce it into the grind resulted in exces-' body of the paint.' Using the solution it would be necessary to add extra bo that the final p.v.c. would be about 50St. Work continues. -RyJf" *- #12 - fcct.erjor Primers A special Iron Oxide Prefab Primer CH 4001 was prepared during the month, along the same lines as Prefab Primer White, CH 5285, to be used as a Pfier for Hoof and Bridge Paint by the Gordon Griffin Corporation on second*y farm buildings. Exposures will be put out at Chicago an Ponderosa end fellow Pine. 0007-SWP-044789 0007-SWP-000114159 ML -4- M. VAN LOO Cont. |ffT62 - Studies of Flat Wall Paint Formulation The work under way to correct the viscosity of Flat-Tone has been ^completed and revisions have been sent through to Cleveland. Work on oil ^conservation continues. Various inerts such as Atomite, Surfex, Blanc Fixe, ''#200 Fibrous Talc, #282 Clay, and 566 dry whiting have been tested to deter?nine their influence on sealing. The results to date indicate no particular ^advantage in the use of the different inerts in conservation paints at lower gjftiil contents, since all were poor in sealing as compared with the regular , formula. Micro Velva A has now been received and will be tested. An Investigation is being made of the possibilities of using 10 |vand SO% replacement of the .oils with Vistac #1, manufactured by the Advance '^'Solvents and Chemical Corporation. pj:C Hy.l New formulas were developed for Wall Primer and Sealer and Tris^al pausing the congo varnish V 11858, ThiB varnish is now based on linseed oil. lx The formulas will be placed on file in Cleveland for reference when needed. Experimental batches of Enameloid White and Ivory using vehicles ^'containing raw materials still available were compared with previous standS^ards-in this linei Tests indicate that a satisfactory White Enameloid could Srbe made from a 25 gallon linseed-Piccolyte-Polypale varnish. Drying time, Sprint resistance, water resistance and washability of the enamel compared ^favorably with older formulations. A S gallon-linseed-Velsicol Polypale vehicle was one of the most ( "'promising possibilities for Enameloid tints. Also promising but more expenSisive and requiring greater oil consumption were formulations based on a Straight 25 gallon Polypale varnish and the Piccolyte-Polypale combination .J mentioned above for the white. Varnishes using limed rosin, zinc resinate or '.blends of limed rosin and Polypale even in 30 gallon lengths did not produce Qpameloids of good quality. Drying was slower than standard,' the enamels : printed badly and water resistance and washability were poor, iab . ;-'-' Some Work was done vdth the short Congo-Linseed Varnish, (2831) CL It produced a white enamel definitely off-color as compared with bur stand ard for Enameloid White. When used for tints the enamels produced had fast initial drying but even after 24 hours the film was soft andncheesy." Gloss If?'- the congo enamels was a trifle low. The following data was collected for presentation at the vehicle meeting, April 1: 0007-SWB-044790 0007-SWP-000114160 K. VAH LOO Cont.___ Evaluation of Vehicles in Enameloid Formula Type : Formula Vehicle Vehicle Material Gals. Oil Drying Time - Hrs. Cost Per Usea/lOO 100 Gals g. Output Touch Handle Hard Rx 710 ( 3848)E PE Rosin 8113.75 BC 13 V-11097 Polypale 123.95 BC 23 ARV 998 Piccolyte 122.76 BC 49 ( 2831) 0 Congo llV.52 w. ' BC 22 (2843) GS-( 2841) G Mod. Phen. 120.03 BC 21 ( 843) G Mod. Phenolic 110,60 1- BC 16 ( 5848) E PE Rosin . 98.40 BC 17 V-11097 Polypale 109.55 BC 18 ARV-2978 Zinc Resinate 101.93 BC 19 ARV-2980 Limed Rosin 97.54 - BC 20 ARV-2984 Polypale- Limed Rosin 102.63 ;1BC 52 ARV-3006 Piccolyte 110.44 1 BC 31 'ARV-3005 Velsicol-25 98.91 1 BC 50 (2831)C Congo' 101.61 ~Js- bc a ARV-3011 Velsicol-18 96.08 29.42 37.23 30.29 26.70 27.94 28.34 28.54 36.72 30.59 30.41 0--3--1/2 3-3-1/2 2-1/2-3 -2-1/2 3-3-1/2 .3-3-l/ 3-3-1/2 -1/2-3 3-1/2-4 3-1/2-4 6-8 6-8 6-8 6-8 6-8 6-8 6-8 6-8 8+ 8+ 33.48 30.50 29.68 25.72 26.35 3-1/2-4 3-3-1/2 3-3-1/2 2-2-1/2 3-5-1/2 8+ 6-8 6-3 6-8 6-8 4 4 24 4-cheesy 24 24 24 24 24 24 4 24 24 24-cheeEy 24 Formula Water Resistance 24 Hr. Spot Test* Soap and Water Lash Test Print Test** Embrittlement (24 Hr. Bake at 105 C.) Viscosity Sec. on. #3 Orifice Prig. 5-51 Rx 710 OK 2 BC 13 OK 3 BC 23 BC 49 xBSkr. |||bi; - BC BC 22 21 OK __ V.S. dulling V.S. dulling 3 2 4 . BC 16 OK .4 BC 17 OK 4 :*-! BC 18 Dull; vdiite 10 ;V BC 19 Dull; T,'Kite 10 !*.`.t* ' * BC 20 SI .dull; el. *hite 8 V. - BC 52 OK 2 BC 31 OK 5 BC 50 BC 51 ----- OK - ' OK OK _ OK OK OK OK Dulled Dulled Dulled OK OK -- 3 4 4 2 4 3 4+ 10 10 9 3 4 OK OK OK -- OK OK OK . OK SI. brittle SI. brittle OK OK OK -- _. zv.% 23 34 41 45 41 39 35 37 30 55;4 44 34 30 38.2 33 39.4 34 39 32.4 31.2 30 36 33 26 25 9 28 *Rated from 1 - no effect to 10 - badly affected. **Rated from 1 _ no printing to 10 - very bad. 0007-SWP-044791 0007-SWP-000114161 -6- M. VAN LOO Cont. (Following the discussion at the vehicle meeting, a group of var^nishes were selected for final check in Enameloid Khite and tints, and Bemis'l.ustre White and tints.) During the past month we have received samples of Titanox RA-10 in IS.both the low and medium oil absorption grades. This material is described by Titanium Pigments as follows: Titaiiox RA-10 may be termed a "free chalking" rutile oxide, and in j&this respect exhibits the seme order of chalking as Titanox A-MO (anatase). I.They also have stated that "Titanox IU?/ls a grade of rutile titanium oxide ^comparable to the competitive 8-200 tj/pe," ' These claims are to be investigated. Samples of both oil absorption W-grades will be exposed in both whites and tints of the BWP line. For tint Fh retention they will be included in the series mentioned in the February report J*>hich includes Ti-Pure R 610, Ti-Pure R 510, Ti-Pure R 200, and Titanox L as gL_the pigment variations. '#1X2 1 Fire Retardant Paints As an extension of work reported previously, a series of batches of ^modifications, of the 52-P-18 specification zinc chromate primer were made up IPftlth ,;the hope: of finding i&fct p.v.c. would have the maximum fire retardant |*)PF<>perties and at the same time good anti-corrosion properties. The batches made up were as follows: 1. 52-P-13 - p.v.c. increased to by inert. 2. ! " " 50 " 5. " 4, " , n " n " Sty 11 " it 4^ byzinc chromate. 5, i n h n 5q it n n 6, " " " " 50^ by inert, plus ) antimony oxide replacing Ti02 on a volume basis.) Fire retardant tests on steel panels gave the following results, when tested a.3 a two coat system consisting of a 0.005" draw-down of primer followed by a: 0.005" draw-down at right angles of 52-P-22 fire retardant gloss. This method of test was suggested by the Davy Dept, rather than using multiple coats of 52-P-22. The temperature of test was approximately 1850 F. 0007-SWP-044792 0007-SWP-000114162 2- - M. VAN LOO Cont. ft fcjinc sulphide 1538 dry, mica, and magnesium silicate, besides the leaded zinc. SAs an added comparison a revision was included carrying the zinc sulphide-mica-magnesium Silicate pigment Cryptone MS-130, with certain vehicle changes. The flatter formula performed aa well as the previous regular, but for some reason all the substituted zinc sulphides were inferior to the guide, which apparently i carried a Mew Jersey sulphide other than the lots included in the tests. Panels 2246-8 C were examined after 48 months' exposure at Chicago, J/comparing two samples of Coffeyville zinc sulphide-calcium sulphate pigments ^versus Cryptone MS-130 in Acme's Big n6" Outside White. The test panels wer |in an advanced stage of break-down, while the guides were in fair condition, jfflhe Coffeyville materials are therefore definitely inferior to Cryptone MS-1 gin durability. Panels 2249-55 C were examined after 47 months' exposure at Chicag |pCotaparing foliated gla3S used in various amounts up to 100% of the extender ^versus the regular formulas of Acme'B Big "6" and Rex 320 - Family Paint Ivc 'pit appears that foliated glass performs as well as asbestine, but in one ^instance a blend with ZS-20 zinc sulphide or Coffeyville sulphide and asbes Jdid not equal Cryptone MS-130. Thus the foliated glass did not function in ^same manner as mica, unless the results are distorted by differences in the zxnc sulphides. <ftf#148 - Examination of White Lead . The White Lead Department has submitted a sample of S-W Soft Paste fWhite Lead (straight Q. P. high tinting strength lead) to be compared on expo sure with Dutch Boy (3/4 Carter - l/4 014 Eutch) and iCagle (all Old Dutch). Panels 1953-8 C were examined after 50 months' exposure at Chicago f: comparing MacGregor's white lead versus 18 dry,. S-W Q. P. lead carbonate in Rex 17, Soft Paste White Lead, Rex 496 - St$ Ivory, and Martin-Senour' s Rex 100 Outside White. There were no cases of bad failure considering the long Jexposure. In SWF there was no choice between the white leads, but in the S:Martin-Senour paints the MacGregor sample showed a slightly greater tendency '. ,to crack and erode. In the Soft Paste paintings, both are still giving good protection, with the MacGregor sample showing horizontal line checking, and the S-W carbonate rather bad alligatoring. - Panels 2256-78 C were examined after 47 months' ejqposure at Chicago, comparing two samples of MacGregor's white leaas, and National's #111 and #333 carbonates, versus S-W Q. P. white lead in Rex 17 Soft Paste, SWP White and Ivory, ana Martin-Senour's Rex 100 Outside White. The MacGregor samples dif fer in that one showed a marked tendency toward long line checking and cracking but both are inferior to the others, which are all substantially equal in per formance. 0007-SWP-044793 0007-SWP-000114163 1 -4- M. VAN LOO Cont. Studies of Flat Wall faint Formulation In our investigation of the possible conservation of oil in Flat-Tone, tested Vistac #1 and Tallol sample 9592 B supplied by Resin Research. Se'.Vistac was introduced as 10^ and 20;* of the oil present, and produced a Tnt of satisfactory drying properties, but poor sealing properties. The lailol was introduced as 23-1/2$ of the oil content. It produced a thin body jtth '-slower drying, high porosity, and poor washability, and cannot be used as New formulas were sent through on Flat-Tone White end Tint Base to aate the use of 4S1 H, high consistency lithopone. The principal change Kijthe use of 2186 dry. Micro Velva A. A temporary formula was put through on jointercraft Flat #10 to use (2499)R gloss oil to replace Zinol, temporarily H* ' Considerable work has been under way on the reformulation of Bemi- Lustre White-and tint base. Temporary formulaswere sent through based on |>18440 maleic linseed varnish to use up resins on hand, and V 11146 - 25 gal- lon-Polypale varnish. V' 11147 - 25 gallon. Ficcolyte-Folypale varnish was pjeommended as the regular vehicle for the white, and V 11143 - 25 gallon Vel- Bicol varnish for the tints. The new formulations have been formulated with an gil'j;content of 1.7 pounds per gallon. The revisions are quite similar to cur rent'Standards as to brushability, flow, drying, and washability. Subsequent i'seussions with Cleveland indicate slightly lower sheen may be desirable. hire suits follows: Viscosity Washability Drying Time ' Varnish 1 2 Vfax Red Stencil Set-to- Thru Dry . Used Fresh day days Pencil Ink Ink touch 24 hrs. Rex 16270 pl*413 White wfjtjtiXiJ."' Standard' Sample - 65 rubs 3 rubs 90 rubs 49 .. Hard to re to re- to re move move move stain stain stain p79 QG gWhite V 11147 31.6 39 58.6 30 " 3 " 25 " 40 |;85 g >. White V 18440 26 28 -- 80 " 3 " 33 " 44 ) Rex 16276 Standard -- A 883 Sample ? Cream -- -- 70 " 3 " 35 " 49 73 G Cream V 11146 31 76 G " V 11148 SI -- 38 40 " 3 " _ 37 30 " 3 " 20 " 45 37 " 53 0007-SM P-044794 0007-SWP-000114164 1 -5- Vu VAN LOO Cont. E` Batch Oil Content s|.-Rex 16270 - V.hite 1.83#/gal. mix 413 p - 79 GG - " 1.7 #/gal. pv85 G - " l.?l#/gal. Rex 16276 - Cream 1.72#/gal. B A 883 \73 G /.;76 G -" -" 1.72#/gal. 1.71#/gal. Resin Content .58#/gal. .57#/gal. .58#/gal. ,64#/gal. .58#/gal. 61#/gal. Vehicle Oil Hiding Lencth P.V.C. Units Cost 39.5 g. 50.2% 20,960 96.36 37.3 g. 43.3% 20,948 91.91 36.9 g. 50.9% 20,948 91.84 33.3 g. 49.2% 19,240 61.12 37.1 g. 47.6)6 35.0 g. 47.9J6 19,240 89.50 19,240 82.06 A comparison was ran of texture, mixing, and grinding properties of 188 dry Micro Velva A and Superfine Talc from Carbola Talc Company, using `floor Enamel Oak, formula of 3-25-43 for the test. The Superfine Talc proved to be equal to Micro Velva in mixing properties, slightly coarser and harder sin texture, and produces slightly lower consistency. During April evaluation of vehicles for use in Eaameloid was con- ' tinued. Some attention was also paid to the effect of different pigments- . tions, and preliminary work on conservation formulas for Enameloid was started. ' General Comments on White Formulations 1. V 11147. Piccolyte should make a satisfactory vehicle for Rex 710. It is not as brittle as the standard on aging. 2. V 18440. maleic-linseed. Chicago's supply of resin can be worked off in this vehicle for Temporary Alternate 710 formula. 3. V 11148, V 15650. HR 10749. do not show much promise- for Enameloid V.hite vehicle. The latter two are too limited in their mineral spirits tolerance. (2851)R by itself is too brittle. 4. Lengthening 25 gallon vehicles with (48) gave more film plas ticity but slower drying and less print resistance. 0007-SWS>-044795 0007-SWP-000114165 6- - M. VAN LOO Cont. 5. Replacement of 1403 dry - free chalking anatase T10a with 1173 tgOO rutile Ti02 and 1188 - Micro Velva A on equivalent hiding and volume asis generally gave poorer color and lower gloss with slightly more water isitivity. 6. Tests of Cook's V 1047 in ihamel looked favorable. 7. Conservation formulas with 2 pounds or slightly less oil per gali-indicate a pigment combination of 2228 - R 110 rutile TiOa and 1817 fpurfex as being most promising from color and gloss standpoint. However, drying ` the Piccolyte vehicle seemed to be retarded and suspension properties also have to be improved. Further work is being conducted. -t:, 8. It seems possible to lower oil content to 2 pounds or less ?dthsut resorting to use of inerts if a percentage of high viscosity-lovr solids Farnish is used in formulation. See following table where a blend of V 11147 Piccolyte and (2851) ft was made. JSnameloid White T.'atsr gForm- Printing Soap Resistance ffiSula Vehicle Pigment Color Gloss Drying l#/Sa.In. Resistance (Spot Test) pc?'56 V' 11147 1403 + < 48) Std.- Std. Slower Worse Poorer than std. than std. than std. O.K. pc 5? V 11147 2173 + Off Tr. + (48) 2188 color dull n tr II SI. worse than std. fBC 58 V 11146 1405 tl Std. n g&v + (48) h tl O.K. uBC 59 V 11146 2173 + It + (48) 2188 Tr. dull n it tl SI. worse than std. : BC 60 (2851)R 1403 Tr. off l'r; Faster Like std. Tr. worse color lower than std. than std. than std. O.K. BC 61 (2851)ft 2173 + Off Std. II Tr. worse VSorse ^Dulled - 2138 color than std. than std. 'YV-- white BC 63 V 15440 2173 + tl 2136 Std. Slower Std. than std. Tr. worse Tr. worse then std. than std. 0007-SWP-044796 0007-SWP-000114166 K. VxN LOO Cont. Fignent Enaaeloid Vhite (Cont.) Printing Color Gloss Drying 1^/oiq.In. Soap Resistance Water Resistance (Spot Test) IbC 72 (346) E Ft/ ' SBC 77 V 18440 Std, Eta. Std. Std. Std. Std. Tr. slower Like std. Tr. worse V.S.worse than std. than. std. than std. jgBC 78 V 15S50 1403 Stit-''' - lBC.79 V 15650 2173 + SS'V 188 Off Lower O.X. color than !std. Off Semicolor gloss O.X. Like std. Worse than std. tt n ii EpBC 80 V 11147 1405 Tr. off - Std. Tr.faster " color than std. " Like std. Worse than std n Std. PC 81 V 18440 1403 Tr. off - Std. Tr.slower Like color than std. std. Tr. worse Like std than std. ; ;1 CD ro V 11146 1403 Off . Std. Slow Worse Worse Worse color than std. than std. than std, |bc 87 RR 10749 1403 Tr. off - Std. O.X. color Like std. Worse Wor3e than std. than std, pBC 88 Cook' s 1403 V 1047 Std. Std. Trifle Like std. Equal to faster std. Equal to std. fCBC 93* V 11147 2228 + Off Very 3.88 color low - BC 94# V 11147 1403 +, Tr. off SI. .188 color below std. BC 97* V 11147 173 t Off Low 2188 color - BC 99* (3848)E 140? + SI. off O.X. Std. 168 color Std. Tr. worse Like std. than std. BC 107* V 11147 2228 + Yellow Very Slower as 8 ish low than std. BC 108* V 11147 2228 + Trifle Tr. 2247 Cream lovf " 0007-SWP-044797 0007-SWP-000114167 L H. VAN LOO Coat. - Cont^ FormVila Vehicle Pigment Color Lnameloid V.hite (Coat.) Printing Gloss trying l///Sq.In. Soap Resistance fia ter Resistance (Spot Test) pc 109" V 11147 2228 + O.R. 1817 BC 110* V 11147 2228 Gray fe.;. buperfine !.;: ' Carbola O.K. Low blower than std. n P/2BC60X-) ( 28a) R 1403 |l/2BC80 )V 11147 |4 BC80*) V 11147 1403 KLvBC60 ) (2851)R 51. off- O.K. Tt . ] color faster than std, v.s. off '. O.K. n color n n than std. N "Conservation" formula - less than 2 lbs. oil ' Code (48) Bodied Linseed Oil f-Vi.V- V 11147 25 gallon Piccolyte-Polypale Varnish V 11146 2 5 gallon Polypale Varnish (2851)R 25 gallon Linseed-Limed Rosin Varnish V 16440 Maleic Linseed Varnish V 15650 Inter-eSter Varnish (without glycerine) (3848) R P. ifi. Rosin Varnish RR 10749 Revision of V 15650 V 1047 Cook1S equivalent of ( 3848) R 1403 2173 2188 2228 2247 1817 Anatase Titaniun Oxide ` R 200 Rutile Titanium Oxide micro Velva A K 110 Rutile Titanium Oxide 4tomite burfax 0007-SWP-044798 0007-SWP-000114168 General Comments on Enamel Tint Formulations 1. The Velsicol varnish, V 11148, seems satisfactory for use in . (2351)R by itself is not satisfactory for tints. It is 'inclined to get too brittle. 3. ( 2831) C and ( 2896) C combined in 30 gallon length do not give finameloid tints equal to standard. 4. 4S1 lithopone and 173 - R 00 rutile TiOa gave better water resistance than 1403 - anatase Ti02 and 2132 - rutile titanium calcium com bination in iSnameloid formulations. 5. Cook's V 1047 looks satisfactory in teats to date. 6. More work is nec'essary to produce satisfactory conservation `formulas for tints. Formula Vehicle Pigment iSnameloid Tints Frintingi Gloss Drying l#/Sq.In. Soap Resistance Ks ter Resistance (Spot Test) vBC 64 ?BC 65 BC 68 BC 89 BC 73 BC 74 BC 83 (15) + 1403, ARV 3005 2132 (15) + 461 S, ARV 3005 173 (85L)ft 1403, 132 (85l)R 461 3, 175 ( 2831) C + 1403, (896)C 152 (831)C + 461 S, (896) C 173 V 11146 461 S, 2173 O.R. o .k . Tr. lower then std. O.K. O.K. O.K. Slower SI. worse than std. than std. n n Tr. faster than Btd. II Like std. It Better than std. it Better than std. SI. whi tening Not affected 51. worse than std. Equal to side Slower Viorse than Viorse Tihite and than Std. std. than std. dull Sloser Worse than than std. std. Worse than White and std., bet. aull(bet. than 73. than 73) O.K. Much worse Viorse than Like than std. std. Std. 0007-SWP-044799 -lOr M. VAN LOO Cont. -rraula Vehicle Enameloid Tints (Cont.) Printing Pigment Gloss Drying 1^/Sq.In. Water Soap Resistance Resistance (soot Test) '84 V 11146 1403, O.R. O.R. 2132 liuch worse Worse Worse than std. than std. than std. 85 V 11146 461 8, O.K. O.R.. 2173 86 V 11148 1403, O.R. O.K. * 2132 SI. worse than std. n Tr. better SI. dull than std. Better SI. dull than std. and white 90 Cook1 s 1403, Like Tr.faster Like std. Likd std. Like std.. V 1047 2132 std. than std. y 98 ARV 3025 461 S, o .t : Very slow Worse n it it n 2173L than std. 100* -A.) 16 (3848) E 1403, Low 2132, 2188 (3848) E 1403, . . Q.R. Like std. O.R. Less Like std. than std. V, s. Affected Worse than std. SI. white BC. 96* V 11148 461, Lo t a? 3, 188 O.R. Worse Like std. Worse than std. than std. (Viscosity too heavy.) V 11148 1403, O.R. Tr. faster Like std. Like std. 132, 2188 than std.' White and dull; cons, worse than Std. : 1/2 BC85)* V 11148 461 8, O.R. 1/2 BC69) ( 2851) R 2173 Tr. better Like std. than std. , 4 BC 85)* V 11148 461 S, O.R. 1 BC 69) ( 23 51) R 2173 Tr. better than std. ^Conservation formula (oil content 2 pounds or under per gallon). Code numbers not identified under "Enameloid White" are as follows: 461 S - Lithopone 2132 - Rutile titanium calcium. (213) Blown Linseed Oil ARV 3005 5 gallon Velsicol varnish (2831)C Congo linseed varnish (2896)C " " " 0007-SWP-044800 V11148 Equivalent of ARV 3005 ARV 3023 25 gallon Val6icol-linseed varnish 0007-SWP-000114170 M. VAN LOO Coat. 77 - Pigment Studies Titanium Calcium for Interior Flat fonuulutions: A preliminary report was made in January of an experimental rutile "titanium calcium pigment offered by du Pont as Ti-Cal E 20 Special C 1290. This pigment showed an advantage as to control of "ghosting" and blue carbon black undertone but was difficult to wet, and gave a low uneven sheen in Feintercraft Flat #10. A replacement identified as Ti-Cal E 20 C 1403 proved to be slow in initial wetting in #10 Flat but continued to wet in and thin down to standard body in the package. It is thixotropic in Flat-Tone as com pared with Mk 104 titanium calcium. The sheen is hitler and more uniform and the good carbon black undertone has been maintained, but the control of "ghost ing" has been lost. The December report gave data on color and opacities of various regu lar and new titanium oxides. Chalking rates were determined in (32) damar var nish for an accelerated test and may now be compared with results of 88 days' ' exposure, 45 south, at Coffeyville. Pigment Reather-0Meter 8 days Chalking Rates Coffeyville Coffeyville Time to reach Order of chalking slight chalking after 88 days 1403 T 1'itanox A - anatase 2030 T Titanox AA - " 2173 Ti-Pure R 200 rutile Unitane R-250 rutile 2228 Ti-Pure R 110 rutile 2147 Titanox A #24 Anata3e Titanox RA rutile 2031 T Titanox A-NC VB C (0) (C) (C) > b Xr , 23 days . 1 (Greatest) 36 tl '2 36 n 3 49 n 6 - 41 ii 49 tt 52 it - 4 &' 7 Reasonably good duplication was obtained between the heather-Ometer tests and the outdoor exposures except for Unitane R 250, which is comparable to R 200 in the Tveather-Ometer but much more chalk resistant in the outdoor tests. Re are repeating this and other tests in connection with the replace ment of R 200, also in a linseed oil type vehicle which it is hoped will more closely approximate house paint performance. This low binder formula carries only TiO* and magnesium silicate in. the pigmentation, with low oil content. The titanium oxides under test in this formulation in the V.eather-Ometer include Titanox A and Aa , fi 200, Titanox RA-10 MO and LO, suggested as equivalents of R 200, and Unitane R 250. After two weeks in the Weather-Ometer, the paints are showing no chalking. They will be exposed under the National Carbon arc. 0007-SWP-044801 L -12- H. VAN LOO Cent. The Titanium Pigment titanium oxicies RA-10 MO and LO were also made Hip in the damar vehicle, and were rated as follows: Pigment Texture Viscosity Draw-down Tinting #4 Color Opacity Strength Ifcrl/vB./ 145 147 143 149 5/: 150 151 152 jSlv- 153 154 Titanox A 1403 T 4M-6-1/2 Titanox AA 2030 T 4M-S-3/4 Ti Pure E 200 2173 4M-6-1/4 Titanox HA 10 MO 4P-7 Titanox HA 10 LO 4 M-6-5/4 Titanox RA-NC 4M-6-1/2 Ti-Pure R 610 2174 4M-6-1/4 Ti Pure R 510 4P-7 Ti Pure 0 2031 R 4M-6-3/4 31.2 sec* 28.6 11 25 h 27.8 11 24 u 1 I! 21.2 TI 21 n 17 11 2 1 4 5 3 6 4 4 7 2 3 1 (F) 1 (D) 1 (E) 1 (C) 1 (A) ' 1 (B) 4 3 4 2 1 (c) 1 (A) 1 <t) 1 (D) 1 (B) 5 Grinding was done at a fixed setting of the roller mill, using the formulas 320 grams Ti02 690 , n (32) Damar solution 30 " (293) Pine Oil -Texture: Rated on the S--TV grind gauge. ^Viscosity y'-' ^Colors Cup viscosities were determined using the S-W cup with the #5 orifice at 75 F, Rated visually by comparison of 8-1/2" x 11" paint-outs over uniformly primed surfaces. ;Draw-down :opacity: Draw-downs were made using a .003H clearance gauge on Merest sheets form 03 B. After drying the paint films were rated visually for comparative hiding. In some cases the opacity was practically equal as indicated by their being rated with the same number. Small differences are indicated by the attached letter rating, e.g., 1 (A), 1 (B), etc. Tinting strengths To 100 grams of each paint was added 10 grams of BB 111. This was mixed thoroughly and painted out. It served adequately as a comparative tinting strength comparison between the pigments of the series. 0007-SWP-044802 0007-SWP-000114172 -115-- It. VAN LOO Cont.___ fg177 - Coni. riu Pont Exposures of R 200 Rutile TIP? (free chalking type) Concern regarding the retarded chalking of R 200 Ti02 in the above |;tests was reported to the du Pont Pigments Division. Mr. Dawson exhibited %8 months exposure panels showing that R 200 chalked more freely than Titanox ikk, and cleaned up earlier. They found results duplicating our damar results their ov,n accelerated tests in alkyd enamels, but R 200 exhibited definite |sfchalking in house paint outdoor exposures. ipb?i E?j>105 - Metal Protective Paints !* In the last report a series of tests was outlined to determine the ?value of zinc chromate as a component of a structural metal primer for regu lar sales. Salt spray tests have now been completed. After 40 days' exposure |to a & salt spray the panels were removed from the cabinet ana the paint films s.T;ere stripped from the lower half of each panel. Results were as follows! Paint - RB 113 30? Zinc Chromate by weight 70? Magnesium Silicate Bad rusting for area of 1/4" - l/2" around the X scratch. RB 114 50? Zinc Chromate 50? Magnesium Silicate Controlled rust within l/8" of X scratch. RB 117 64.5? Zinc Chromate 35.5? Magnesium Silicate Controlled rust within l/l6" .of X scratch. RB 115 70? Zinc Chromate 30? Magnesium Silicate Controlled rust within 1/lS" of X'scratch. RB 116 89? Zinc Chromate 11? Magnesium Silicate Film has become quite porous, characterized by a wide spread lightly etched or rusted pattern about the X scratch. Rust control of the ZnCr04 is apparent < however, a washing away of the soluble portion has taken place. 0007-SWP-044803 0007-SWP-000114173 21 H. T. GEHRINO P' jl61 Emulsion Binder Paints Kan-Tone Deep Shades The present production formula for the new Kern-Tons deep shades, Rx 65413 through Rx 65417 is given belowt 2228 CW 1640 2247 2077 CW 1495 *BX 606 2261 2259 41 1715 2264 W 2126 (12)W (443) (5083) (2898)R (2120) (51) (152) Ti-Pure R-110 - Titanium Dioxide Hydrite Clay Atamite-Caloium Carbonate Celite 289 - Diatcsnaceous earth Nacoonol NRSF Corn Protein Base Keltex - Sodium Alginate Casein Borax Dowicide A Mica lecithin- Water Ammonium Hydroxide Anti-Foam H Linseed Oil-Limed Rosin Varnish Linssed Fatty Acids Lead Drier Cobalt Drier 184 lbs. 67 167 tl 100 tl 7n 205 n 2/3 n 30 it 2 11 2H 50 tl 6" 32 gal. 1/2 gal. 6 lbs. 12 gal. 21 fl. 02. l/2 gal. 21 fl. 02, 100 gal* . *BI 606 - Corn Protein Base CW 1666 2260 637 (12 )W (293) (443) Corn Protein 76 lbs. Dowicide G Zb " Water White Rosin 25| " Water 464 gal. Pine Oil 1-3/4 gal. Ammonium Hydroxide 1-3/4 gal. 500 lbs. The following oolors are used in tinting the above base formula to matoh the five new shades* Ferrite Yellows Red Iron Oxide Pemansa Green B Motoastral Blue Carbon Black 0007-SWP-044804 0007-SWP-000114174 -26 H. T. GERRING ^1779 dry - Kraft 325 mash mica. Concord 325 Mesh Mica Vfishnick Tumpeer 325 Mesh Mica I' C Wetting and Bnulsifying Agents The Boarcity of our regular emulsifying agents and also Sf.the desirability of finding satisfactory salt-free emulsifying agents jfhas required the testing of a large number of these compounds. The following table gives' the results of the evaluation of wetting agents. The wetting agents have been tested both as partial Bj and full substitutions for Nacconol NRSV, Brushing Settling Washability Salt Brush Washabl llty |qconol NRSF-Ccntrol dial BX-S.F. Koconol NRSF and Tatting Agent feetting Agent C aooonol NRSF and W.A. 822 822 aooonol NRSF and jp; ;. Triton NB Elriton SB IBnulfor A.G. ffiaulfor OS feooonol NRSF and Advawet $10 fAdvawet $10 glgepon T-H.C. i lgepon T and ' Wetting Agent C EHekal BX-S.F. and M:- Wetting Agent C jJfecoonol NRSF and .. Igepol CA--extra glkcconol NRSF and Igepol CTA-HC Ri? Igepol CA-extra t Igepol CTA-HC ^ Bacconol NRSF and Advawet $20 7. Good Good Good Good Fair Good Poor Fair Good Fair Good Good Good Good Good Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair None None OK OK None Slight OK OK Slight OK Considerable OK Slj^it Bad Slight Cons.. OK OK OK Poor Slight OK Considerable OK Definite OK Definite OK Slight OK Slight OK Slight Slight Slight OK OK OK Slight OK 10# 129S None _ None None None None None 2075 - w Hone None - OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 0007-SWP-044805 0007-SWP-000114175 T. GEHRBG Brushing Settling Washability Salt Brush Washability Good V. Good V. Slight V. Slight OK OK None OX OK Fair Fair Fair Fair Slight Slight Slight Slight OK OK OK OK OK None OK Less than std. 1* tl "Wetting Agent C and Advawet #30, both produced by Advanoe Sol-rents, have been tested in factory production as partial replacements j|for Nacoortol NRSF and have found to he satisfactory. When the Nacconol Hh RSF is replaoed in full with this type of wetting agent, the flow and ['leveling properties of the paint are effected to some extent. A sample S|of General Dyestuffs' Nekal BX -Salt Free has been ordered for production gtests on this material. The last two wetting agents appearing in the above table S&were submitted by the Dry Color Department, The Leucanol type of |!wetting agent showed sane promise in Kem-Tone, but was undesirable be- cause of its high salt content. The Dry Color Department is attempting pto produce a wetting agent of this type containing only a very small j|amount of salt. Further samples are expected and will be tested as soon jfcas they are reoeived. Evaluation of Protein Substitutes for Casein Corn Protein Because of our high casein requirements and the present shortage of this material, it has been necessary to revise the Kem-Tone formulas to a lower casein content. This was accomplished by the sub stitution of corn protein for part of the casein in Kem-Tone. The casein oontent of Kem-Tone was reduced by 40?? by this means. This change obviously necessitated other changes in tho formulation. A comparison of the old and new formula for Kem-Tone Yorktown White is given belowj 0007-SWP-044806 0007-SWP-000114176 28- Material New Formula 2185 - Fermolith W 320 2173 - Ti-Pura R 200 1403 - Titanox A-MO 2077 - Celite 281 2257 - D.R.G, Clay 2263 - Fibrous Talc 2183 - Mineralite Mica 2182 - Haoconol NRSF CVT (1685) - Wetting Agent C (12 )W - Water *BX 606 ~ Corn Protein Base **BX 619 -- Casein Base (2898)R - Linseed. oil-Umed rosin varnish (3l) - Lead Drier (152) - Cobalt Deier W 2126 - Lecithin 400 lbs. 110 75 " 40 * 25 " 75 " 3" 3n -18-1/2 gal. 187 lbs. 171 " 15 gal. 5/4 gal. 1/4 gal. 3 Its. BA 606 - Com Protein Base 76 lbs. CVT 1656 2-1/2 lbs. 2260 25-1/2 ~ 637 46-1/2 gal. (12 )W 1-3/4 (293) 1-3/4 11 (443) 500 lbs. Com Protein Dowioido G Water White Rosin Water Pine Oil Ammonium Hydroxide ** BX 619 - Casein Base 81 lbs. 1-1/2 lbs. 3 lbs. 3 lbs. . 6" 16 " 48 gal. 1-l/e gal. 3/4 gal. 2259 2261 1715 2260 41 ' (083) (12)VJ (443) (293) Casein Keltex Dowioide A Dowioide G Borax Anti-Fram H Water Ammonium Hydroxide Pine Oil A*. Z*^. The new formula has worked out very well, It has been unnecessary to sacrifice quality in making this change. 0007-SWP-044807 0007-SWP-000114177 -4- U. VAN LOO Cont. rjti'- Cont. The p.v.c. of the Rex 610 is 23i and for Rex 456 is 29, which is Spires ting from the standpoint of good durability for flex 610 at low p.v.c. li'436 undoubtedly was vulnerable to cracking due to the titanium bariua pigment. Mildew Inhibitors A special formulation was prepared for Rex 203 S-W Mildew Resistant Paste to use East India Varnish (1720) for the modified phenolic varnish (643) G. . Panels 6245-8 C and 6182-5 C were examined after 14 and 16 months' posure, respectively, at Chicago. The first set compares SWP Gloss White Sweated with o% Dowicide 6 with Cook'B House Paint which was sold in the pouth. The second series compares SWP Gloss White with SWP Mildew Resistant rested White. There is no mildew or discoloration on the Chicago panels, nor Kny! signs of the erosion detected on some of the Miami panels. 112**- Exterior Primers * Panels 3006-13 C, CY were examined after 43 months' exposure at ffCbicago. The panels were comparisons of SWP Cream Rex 462 1938 formula 1(356 TiOz) and Cook's Ivory, all two coat work, either self-primed or over ttheir respective primers. Both cedar and yellow pine were used.' Cook's Hint showed definitely worse fading and more rapid chalking and erosion than She SWP Cream. In both cases, the self-primed panels were inferior to each < paint over its own undercoater. jylS2 - Studies of Plat Wall Paint Formulation Flat Wa.11 Pi n tfl Since the use of all Micro Velva A as the inert in Flat-Tone pro- gduced more puff than was desirable, the formulas have now been set up using )lialf the inert as 566 Mineral Whiting and half Micro Velva A. In connection with the program on oil conservation we have reduced !|!tbe oil content of Paintercraft Flat Wall Paint #10 to 1.2 pounds per gallon. .'This required the use of more zinc resinate to hold the washability. The ' vehicle/pigment volume ratio was increased from .0.7 5 to 0,81. Formulas and samples have been sent to Cleveland. Wall Primer and Sealer A temporary formula, OJ 166 G was developed for Rex 19681 Wall Pri mer and Sealer to use up .the stock of Congo linseed varnish V 11858. A tempor ary formula was made using half Congo and half Velsicol to improve the alkali resistance. Ke also submitted an East India-Velsicol formula 124 G which appeared to perform very well compared to the regular East India formulation. A special all Congo-Linseed and the Congo-Maleic-Linseed formula were inferior in alkali resistance.. 0007-SWP-044808 0007-SWP-000114178 . ALLIfi> mi-iM.CH LABORATORIES Report of Investigations for May, 1943 i'i. VAN LOO afftu'STVP 471 Vvater ground mica has been found to reduce tendencies toward checkig and cracking in certain conventional types of house paints. In order to * stermine its effect in the newer oil conservation formulations, paints were i Spared for exposure carrying Z%, 5%, 7% and 10J6 of the pigment as micaceous Jt Renders. The micas used include Aratone Mica, Mineralite CW 1581, and ^ isibronz #1. ' " Panels 5090-6 C were examined after 37 months' exposure at Chicago, i decking on the effect of varying amounts of diatomaceous silica Celite substi ff .ted for 05&, 5056, 786, and 10Q6 by volume of the magnesium silicate Jut BMP G oss White. As the- cmouht of Celite is increased there is a proportionate crease in erosion, until at 100^ substitution it becomes serious. - Panels 7055-61 were prepared for exposure at Chicago and Miami ising the oil conservation type of formulation of SViP varying the p.v.c. from j50j6 up to 4556, to see how the durability varied with this factor. |j*86 7 Curability of Pigments with Special Reference to'Leaded Zinc and White Lead Panels 209-27 C were examined after 49 months' exposure at Chi cago. In this series our regular SftP doss White formula of 1938 #1056 anatase TiOa) was used three coats self-primed on Ponderosa Pine. The comparison hovered the use of regular 412 dry 35/65 leaded zinc versus special lots in hich the pigment was collected at different temperatures in the bagbouse. Certain competitive co-fumed and mechanically mixed leaded zincs were also ^included, giiJ.R.. The co-fumed leaded zincs in all cases v.ere superior to the mechani cal mixes. All the.B-W samples, including the specials, were at least 3lightly .better than the competitive leaded zincs with the possible exception of Ana conda's #404. . New Jersey's Lehigh #6 and #61 were clearly inferior, while' Azo 35H, 35M, and 35L, fagle-Picher and Tomahawk brand leaded zincs were only There appears to be no particular difference in the behavior of leaded ./zincs collected at approximately 700 F. as compared with 460 F. In the , '.mechanical mixes, acicular zinc oxide and non-aclcular lead sulphate make `3the best combination. ' Durability studies of Zinc Sulphide Pigment Combinations Punels 2228-38 C were examined after 52 months' exposure at Chinag . The paints were based on the 1958 Acme "Big 6" Outside White foraulr1. and were three coat pointings, self-primed, on Ponderosa siding. None of the Coffoyville zinc sulphide-mica-asbestine blends used to replace New Jersey's compcsite pigment Cryptone MS-131 are equal to the regular guide paint. ALsitrcn.' ,and Kraft micas were practically equivalent. The addition cf C.sf/ zinc n-;.'aenate to approach the better wetting properties of Cryptone MS-131 had uo va" tieular effect on film performance. 0007-SWB-044809 0007-SWP-000114179 nuiamucnoR -7- Mr VAN LOO Cont. .'pigment Studies During the past month a special report on the chalking rates of Soils TiOa pigments was distributed to our regular mailing list. The details Jited in that report will not be repeated here. It was concluded from the jlchalking test and the low binder accelerated "House Paint" tests that the fpigments should be rated for chalking as follows: ST 8*2175 ,2050 T Titanox A Most free chalking Ti Pure R 200 Next most free chalking, approaching Titanox A Titanox RA 10 HO Slightly slower to chalk than 2173 Titanox RA 10 LO " " " ," Titanox AA Quite chalk resistant Unitane R 250 Most chali'.tesistant of this series ay. This relationship is being checked by outside exposures of paints /on standard formulations rather than the low durability types used for nine -aceelera tion in these tests. ' 05^ Metal Protective Paints \ . In our last monthly report we gave results of a brief zinc chromate fler,'-series. Included with that series were two paints in which iron oxide faced portions of the 20 L asbestine extender used. Be have in preparation at this time a series of primer tests using JJ&osiik1' type vehicle in which the pigment composition of zinc'chromate, &Stine, and. iron oxide has been varied in steps of 20 by volume so that we ^establish definitely the optimum pigment composition at the lowest raw ferial cost. >7e have included also exploratory paints in which normal and Blc lead chromate have been substituted for the iron oxide content. This. BEfos'of panels will be exposed in the salt spray cabinet at Chicago and out- jjL-it 45-south at two locations. mt A review was made of the metal protective paint panels placed on pasure at Chicago by Mr. Van Nordstrand and Mr. West, in order to bring the . formation available up to date. The results may be summarized as follows: . > 1- One .series of panels covered comparisons of a number of S-W Mustrial and trade sales metal primers, including the oleoresinous Kromik- " gP-aer, the alkyd Kem Kromik, the phenolic-cumar Kem A and A, the phenolic- kyd primer Rex 46514, the chlorinated rubber Anti-Corrosive Bottom Paint ^ 63227 and the chlorinated rubber primer Rex 64043, the alkyd Kem Red Lead, it*3^en<*a ^ Kem Kromik. . Metalastic Black was used as the top _ A study of the panels after 16 months' exposure indicates that all :^thB refiular exterior metal primers afford a good under-surface for the top coats. The chlorinated rubber primers are bad for control of 0007-SWP-044310 0007-SWP-000114180 -3- M. VAK LOO ___Con t vf'^chalk. The Cryptone MS-150 - Leaded Zinc-paints and the leaded zinc- ^ofdnts showed much less mildew. The latter paints elso were best in ell ^nd.performance with. $3 Lest as to self-cleaning end general appearance. ^(2-showing better resistance to checking, cracking, and erosion. The general evidence is that rutile titanium calcium pigment Titanox ^improves the performance of the lower lithopcae formulations but is not ss ""fess-zinc sulphide in the higher litb.opone formulae. With this exception " le.teet formulations appear to he batter than the regulars. :: Considerable tire has been spent during the month on. making routine Sings'.of all panels at tue l.icngo Exposure Farm. About 75$ of the panels "l:|be'en.ree.d, an' a summary of the ucsr- Anportant and interesting otserva- ESSis^mll he xnde. scon. The construction of two new vertical fences we s Leted. ../ ", Paints were made up for- exposure et Chicago on cedar and yellow pinc- experimental barr; paints using portions of Petropon #2136 in the vehicle 5Baer.... Petropon #2138 is described1 by the Pure Oil Company as an unsaturated jftcpus' liouid of petroleum origin, possessing drying properties similar to isgetaljie drying oils. Its iodine number is 200 minimum. .Regular Earn Paint ggife-jrBex.54 will be used as the guide. The special formulas include a barn Wsimilar tc Cleveland's suggestion .using TR-5044 Cottonseed Pitch in the [gqer.?.but replacing .this vegetable pitch with Petropon #2153,-also one using ' Sejregular P.ex 54. pigmentation and the special vehicle just described. The Sriginal-drying is slow but:eventually the films become very hard and must be . *Titched for embrittlement. ' ' i ;. ^12:-- Exterior Primers . 'X : ' .... -' - - - ' -i: >V -I'o study the effects on durability of varying periods of drying - Jtween coats cf Rex 15C S!P Underccater and SVSP Gloss' Tihite, panels have been Jjgepared for exposure at Chicago and Florida on which the Ifadercoater has [bean E^loweA to dry 1, 2, 7;- 15, ibid 30 days. ' One uniforn.9 foot panel was used |&?:eack set.*. B^V 162^- Studies of Flat TTall Paint Formulation ,5.;.' . & ' -.Flat Wall Psint-s Due to tho shortage of (5071) Zinol, several products were investitgated as possible substitutes for use in Flat Trail Paints. Cook Paint and VarInieh Company submitted t limed rosin C-66 which was cut in (348) mineral ,8pirits. The resia pas difficult to dissolve and it was not possible to put JpSia the same percentage of solids as in Zinol. however, a replacement on the ggfbasis of equul resin content gave Flat-Tone of high body and poor color. 0007-SWE-044811 0007-SWP-000114181 -4- vf*. ' jtEont. VAN LOO Cont. Jfc/'.'V-'iae Flint Chemical Company has a stock of iiikol -which they arc offer or sale. 2ikol is a zinc resinate solution also made by Newport Ir.dus- :., similar in all respects to Zinol except hairing a closer solvent. p-Tons v/as made using Zikcl to replace Zinol and adjusting the (3020} Fnarael <*eai"#5 accordingly. The batch was satisfactory in all respects, an., the Sbase was recommended. f Previous batches of Flat-Tone made with (148) Gloss Oil, and 7 16459 resolution were too dirty in color to be considered for general production, evfactory was given permission to use Zinar in the tints Then necessary, but kbuld b8 used in the white only when it is absolutely necessary. Some work is being done on the replacement of at least part of the 594)tbodied linsoed oil in. FLat-Tcae by Tallol T 324. The Tallol produced y!|thin bodis-l paint having poor flow end slow drying characteristics. Tho "jaw dry very herd in 43 hour3. Further Work will be done to improve ~y*flow, and initial drying, and to determine the effect of reducing oil btho /;> ' ' Tho proposed formula for Paintercraft FLat #10, ftex 65310 mentioned he last report, which represented a revision to reduce the oil content, to ^jpounds par gallon, has been examined by Cleveland and approved. The washa- itythas been maintained oy increasing the v/P.ratio froa',0.75 to 0.81 with asepf more zinc resinate. - r.-..V . 8fflni-T.ucrro"-.*. Va _:Wfrk was continued on the formulation of Semi-Lustre Tfikite-and Tint fusing (4850)11 Piccolyte-Polypale varnish for the .viiite, and (5850)H - sicol-Polypale varnish for the tints. Formulas have been developed using f^above vehicles wnich cost approximately 5/^ less per gallon and contain rojdmately 1.73 pounds' of oil per gallon. ' The drying is slightly slower- current production and the film retains slightly more s'lrface tack f^rfdvoj night drying. . .. ' Cleveland if distributing formulas for factory production of Seiai,djsare White based on the above with certain modifications to adjust the sheer. _5y report that ou large scale paint-outs the ner material shows improved .brushing and longer vet edge, with good leveling. Opacity wa3 increased fllghtly because of the necessity of staying within the O.F.A. requirement? for jgost reductions. The drying was slightly slower but sufficient to permit recoating in 24 hours. .The oil content i? 1.715 pounds of oil. per galloh. Due to tie _ clover drying character isties of (he (43-tC)h Piecclyte(3d50)H Velsicol-Polypale varnish mixtures with oil it was de- 91ded that possibly a longer oil length varnish wc-uld show less residual vaok than blends of the shorter varnishes plus oil, as used in Serai-Lustre. fA 0007-SW P-044812 0007-SWP-000114182 K. v an l o o Coat. Confc. W gallon varnish, ARV 5034, w made using Piccolyte-Poiypale having the solids and cil length, as (6175) P. J5. naleic-rosin linseed varnish. ARV 5084 t ms substituted for (6173) in the regular formula for Kcxai- jstre of 6-2-43 the initial viscosity was 51 seconds as compared with 26-50 jleponds for the standard. The set-to-touch and over night drying cburacter- were not t.s good as the shorter Piccolyte-Poiypale varnish (4850)N. Srtb.er work v. til be done. Enameloid i'ti; jj*-;' _ a meeting was held in Cleveland during the month to examine the arious trade Sites formulations which have been developed recently. In the ptameloid TChite Eeries it was agreed that foraula EC 80 made with (48E0)H Polypale-Piccolvte varnish showed the best drying. . Dry-to -touch and over Blight hardness were better than the previous standard material made with [:334S)D, the P. h. rosin linseed varnish. The gloss of the Polypale-Piccolybe panel was equal to the standard, and leveling was very good;-.although the Opinion was expressed that it does not have the margin of safety of the pre- lyipus production, which showed a slight tendency to brush mark. BC 80 is ientieal to the linergcncy formula on Rex 710 now in effect. This formula 's'.an oil content of approximately 2.2 5 pounds per gallon, and meets the B. M-332 and C.P.A. 465 requirements as to oil content,- non-volatile, etc. ., &, ' . ;. . For the Jinameloi.d tints it was decided to .adept a formula corre- . Esponding to BC 204, which is pigmented with low oil absorption,lithopone,and . Wtile TiOz>- 2175.dry, and which has (3850)N Velsicol varnish as the principal gfcomponont of the vehicle. Drying was satdslactrry with through dry harder Shan' the (2843)G modified phenolic formula. Gloss wan equal;to.standard, and flow equivrler.t to the previous production. This formula is of the conserva- . lion type, carrying approximately 1.95 pounds of cil per- gallon, and therefore .. P-ffers frea thst fimargency Formula for Enameloid tints ;*iuh was distributed . fho Cleveland. Non-volatile and cosn features are satisfactory. :ftere assary opr.city till bo reduced by using less TiD2 and more lithopone. Deep' jfi?P-*-or3 Blade with Velsicol varnish are to carry 5 pounds of altunimun stearate k Ao ensure ousw.eneion. In considering the various fnaaelold tint formulas, one formula, K.EC 81 showed the bo^t surface and through drying. However, it was not adopt.-:-! ^since the vehicle v.as an 18 gallon Velsicol varnish, and there was i-pprchsnsfoD js.that the film would embrittle on aging. Two other ccnsorvuion type tint & formulas showed be bier drying than th. previous production bah wars not adoppt.fced. BC .177 made with (3C50)N Velsicol varnish and (2fi5].)l rosic. linseed var-- $(*** 'Mr-S nb adopted because the (2851)R rccuced chs water realstance. .180 with sir ;ig.ht Velsicol vehicle was pigmented with anatase titanium ft. calcium 1271 dry and anatase IiOz 1403 dry, and the water resistance was agaj Kit lower, in this case because of the calcium sulphate extended titanium. 0007-SW P-044813 0007-SWP-000114183 6- - ?,i. VAN LOO Cent. y. Tests were made of BC 178, the vehicle of which was based on 5058 a 5 gallon Vtlsicoi-Polypale air blown varnish which require-3 no or carbon dioxide in its manufacture. Drying tests were poor. Pur the `;-in contemplated since this type of varnish could be made at all pients. fire Retardant Paints V.'e have recently received from the Forest Products Laboratory tbei: pulto on fire retardant tests. Materials which were included in the test r'e: CK 3863 - Flat Nall Paint (fire retardant type), CK 3870 - Semi-Gloss Paint (fire retardant type), CH 3265 - Oil Paint (fire retardant type) d/ifhe 52-P-P2 rpedification fire retardent senl-gLoss white.. lire'results indicate decreasing effectiveness in tb.? order: '*5870, CL 5285, CH 3869 and 52-P-22, as determined by fire tuba tests, ccording to the standards which the Forest Products Laocratory has set down "3270 and CH 3265 give moderate protection at spreading rnt.es of from 100 fsjsq. ft. per gallon. ; CK 3839 requires at least four coats to give a proction corresponding to two coats of CH 5870 and CH 5255. The. 52-P-22 spec! Ration at spreading rates as high as 100 sc. ft. per gal. did not give proction comparable to the other formulations tested. ` .pr. Tile Schlyter tssts which they performed are difficult to interpret. a'|significant fact seems to be that CH 5870, CH 3869, and CH 3285 are : erior tc the 52-P-22 specification paint as measured in terms of flame gpjreaid. It is evident, however, that none of the paints are asgbod:ia fire- Jetardanco as borax-basic carbonate white les.d compositions, sodium alginate- qnoamuoniuia phosphate compositions, and special dicyandiainJ.de urea formaiGe- yde, ethylidene urea formaldehyde resin compositions fortified with phos phoric acid or monoF-mmonium phosphate. ,' In Lchapter tests which,we performed on these same points we were viable to get flame spread coitparable to that which the forest Products Lab oratory obtained. This we believe is due to the fact that Forosc Prcduite ^Laboratory used 5/4" phenolic resin bonded plywood in contrast to our using " Ponderbsa wl-itc'pine'fcoarda.' their procedure says either can be used, jliut.it is evident that phenolic resin plus the higher resin content of ' jbouglas fir vtoich is ordinarily used in plywrod males it more flaraable than white jine rrith its lor resin content. K-s recently exaninod, after exposure for months at 45 south, Lhi cago, a series of fire retardant paints previously r sported, Ihvse paints were applied as one and two coats over ilex 4f0 Underseater on redvoud. Thn series and results follow: 0007-SWP-044814 0007-SWP-000114184 -10- M. VAN LOO Cont. In our test of CaCr04 previously which was in the airplane primer Jj, CaCr04 was similar to ZnCr04 in performance. Here it usfinitely fall *n on the basis of salt spray tests. Zinc Tetroxy Chromate is definitely .rer than regular ZnCr04. Strontium and calcium chromate were rated about haT here, being Superior to barium chromate. The special basic chromates very high consistencies, which may be related to their poor performance. Two Wool Grease hmulsion paints were exposed at Chicago'and Florid-.-; ilng steel panels, one coat application, using one coat of Kem Kroralk Primer 'one coat of toetalastic Black for comparison. The formulas were based on irk described in the Berger research reports, end used ThoBp3on~Hayward's Paint Parolite for the bituminous material, rosin, water, and Pigment Studies 1538 N Zinc Sulphide At some time in the past the Hew Jersey Zinc Company gained approval their ZS-800 Zinc Sulphide to be supplied as our 1538 N dry. We were that ZS-800 is becoming short and it will be necessary that a shift .made to ZS-2Q Zinc Sulphide. The question was raised as to how much this would affect our products, since ZS-800 is supposed to have 10 - IS? eater opacity than the ZS-20 which would be available. We found that testing in Rex 15185 Flat-Tone no change in opacity |was detectable when a shift was made from the ZS-800 to the ZS-20. In cheokfing the other properties it was noted also that color and sheen were equal, pfaile the cup viscosity was 20? lower on the paint mane with ZS-20 than that Pmade using ZS-800. After allowing a painted panel three weeks for thorough ^drying we made wash tests of the two materials. These tests sho7.-ed ZS-20 tc Abe greatly superior to ZS-800 for washability both as to the ease of removal &of the stains and as to wear or abrasion resistance in the washing procedure. jyZS-SOO rendered a porous film while that using ZS-20 was quite water resistrant. This bears out an early objection to ZS-800 as expressed by Dr. Holley ft;Some years ago. As substitutions for 173 dry Ti Pure ft 00 both the Titanium Pig ment Corporation and the United Color and Pigment Company have introduced - -grades which were announced as equivalent to ft 200. In the last monthly report end the chalking study on Ti02 pigments reported separately early in June, it was shown that these new materials were more chalk resistant than R 200. This was especially true of the Unifcane OR-250 rutile TiC2. 0007-SWP-044815 0007-SWP-000114185 -11- m. mi l o o Cont. _ Cont. . Since then United have claimed that their product has greater opacity fian R '00 and that by using it a blend with anatase Ti02 could be made, thus Obtaining equivalent opacity at loner cost and at the same time freeing the alking somewhat. Although we have not had opportunity to check the effect n'.chalking of a blend of anatase and rutile titaniums we have studied the ppkcity results. Using the normal Hex 471 STiP Gloss White conservation formula we ive made paints in which TiOa and asbestine represented the entire pigment portion. Using these materials we found that at 9356 contrast ratio over the black and white Merest sheets, Unitane OR-250 ?i02 has 10 - 1$ greater hid ing than Ti Pure R 200. The brightness of the OR-25G is equal to that of the .R 200. By blending Unitane OH-50 with 1403 dry, anatase 1i02, we found that as much as a 1-1 mixture could be made without dropping the hiding power below that of the R ibX). This wove should be made cautiously, however, as little i.-; own of the chalking rate of the mixture, home months ago we found that t 1 blend of Titanox RA and anatase TiOz chalked, more like the chalk resistant BA than the freely chalking 1403 dry. Normally the tendency is to favor the more freely chalking component of the blend. Titanox RA 10 MO at this time appears to be the most logical choice >s a substitute for Ti Pure R 200. It has slightly higier opacity than the R 200 and is a slightly more chalk resistant material. #77 - Mildew Inhibitors In connection with discoloration of the Rex 63057 - Mildew Resistant Gloss Tihite, batches were maae up of formula dates 11-25-41 and 4-5-43, using ,'a wide variety of S--Vi cooked lead-manganese driers, also both lead and mangan ese soluble driers of the naphthenate and oilsolate type3, used individually &'hd in lead-manganese combinations. Paint-outs reveal very little differences in color between individual paints in the lead series and in the manganese ^series. The manganese series was, of course, colored more than'the lead series. It is interesting to note that when even a colorless solution of manganese oilsolate, for example, is dropped on the surface of the Dowicide ti containing paint, a characteristic brovmish-red coloration appears. This series of paints has been put into hot storage to check granu lation tendencies as a function of the driers used. Special Studies Payne Cup Permeability Tests Tiork on the determination of moisture permeability of paint films has been continued along the lines reported in May. Variations of Zinc fn,... KH 788. with inert substitutions which shewed consu- > co 01 oorowi- I 0007-SWP-000114186 -18- Emulslon Research Department KSniil si ori Binder Paints pH- Wetting and Emulsifying Agents The following table gives the results of 2aocraf;ory evaluation of ag agents tested during Lie past month. taulcion snt Brush-in* u-tabil:.ty Washabilitv icattol WXN Pconol. HflSF g'flL. II Advawet 60 " 50 Jrawet 60 50 j53 A MIA' 5?A myi Wk' ;? :a - .A tomerse #3 tomerse D tomerse S awet 30 Special Ipconol NRfciF + Adv. 30 Sp. iv&wet 35 Jacconol NRSF + Advawet 35 r"?9t-0-Lite #L ^.... ' #2 #3 ^'san #1 H S-29 fpn #2 V?ty t.OC<: Very goxVery good Very good Very good Very good Very good Fair Good Good Fair Good Good Very good Very good Very good Very good Very good Very good Very good Good Good Good Good Good Fair Very good Excellent Good Excel lent Excellent Excellent .Excellent Excellent Good Good Good Good Good Poor Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Very good Very good Good Very good Good Fair Very good blight Excellent Slight Good Slight Good Slight Good siigjrt Very good Slight Good Slight Fair Slight Fair Hard Fair Hard Fair Hard Fair Definite Good Slight Good Very sit Good Very sit Good Slight Good- Slight Good Slight Good Slight Good Slight Good .Slight Very good Slight . Good Slight Very good Slight Very good -Slight Good Slight Good Slight Very good Nekal BX Salt-Free, General Dyestuff, has been tested in factory production K.em-Tone and was found satisfactory as a substitute for Hacconol A ton of this material has been ordered for use in Kern-Tone. Advawet #30 and Advawet #35 have been tested in factory production hind were found to be satisfactory substitutes for Advawet #30. 15,000 pounds rof -Mvawet #35 have been ordered from Advance Solvents to be uses ia Kern-Tone gAa a substitute for CVT (1734) Advawet #30 as the Advawet #30 is- tt.nDcrariij Xpavaliable. &: 0007-SWP-044817 0007-SWP-000114187 -19- psT- Cont. Emulsion Research Department Cont. ' Enough of the following wetting agents have been ordered for proS^t,ion tests in Kem-Tone. Santonerse 3 Santomerse I) Davan #2 Monsanto ir R. T. Vanderbilt Wetting Agent S 39 A produced by the Dry Color Department is r. riun naphthalene sulphonate; looks very promising, ;iork is beir.g continue'.1. _Vcombination sodium-barium salts of this type of wetting agents. The raw iterial cost of this type of wetting agent is very low and would result in iffsubstantial decrease in the cost of Ren-Tone. W0'B - Casein Substitutes Wy-~` Jp/:V Four protein solutions received from Swift and Company have been pnraluated as casein extenders. Of these samples, Extender jf'L shows the most promise. 5C$ of the casein in the present Rem-Tone formulas was replaced wi th Jje-Swift extenders, bringing the total casein content tc lf-l/2 pounds per 160 gallons. All gave lower viscosities than standard. The emulsion sta bility on all but one of these paints was poor. The paint in viiich extender pl^was used had fair stability but was not as good as standard. Work is to be continued in cooperation with Swift and Company. A sample of spray dried what gluten (.on Pillabury has been exaraied. This material gave a poor dispersion, bit was slightly better than a Jjsiiilar material submitted by General Mills. A sajnple of ortho protein produced by Drackett was evaluated. Jhe dispersion obtained with this material was poor. SbSW Dispersions of corn protein have beer, tested in v;hicb part of th^ammonia-rosin soap vras replaced with sodium rosin soap. A slightly improve.. K|ispersion resulted. No evidence of decreas.-.d wash ability ras noticed. C - Evaluation of Vehicles and Oil Co.iServat_u. A Tall Oil Rem-Tone formulation has been put into production at ChlJcsgo in which the vehicle consists of 0.4? pounds of ?iuseed oil and 0.?*! ^pounds of Tall Oil per gallon of paint. Thi casein content has been cat. t"> ^0.2 pounds per gallon. The resulting paint has exc alien t enu Leior. stabOi-.y ^and brushing qualities. Tiashability is equal to standard. r-- Th.e following vehicles and vehicle combinations hava leer, evo.irj&ted in laboratory size batches of Kem-Tone. 0007-SWP-044818 0007-SWP-000114188 '*Jr/ . -0- Ertulsion Resear ch Depar bnent Cont. Viscosity fiH Xl Z. r ior. Brushing Stability Washabilit- 7095 :j087C KM 49" 48" ' 3870 HH 105" ?10870 n 41" .1*i>j0' 870 II 93" '7093 jX 320) 60? V 17070 i(320) 6055 RR 9623 Over 120 nn nm -(320) 6055 Rosin Oil 21" ;(320) 60> SandW #1 20" :(320) 6055 " #202: 2l 8.60 8.60 B.85 9.35 8.65 6.5 8.4 8.2 8.5 8.75 9.00 Good Good Good Good Good Exc-elleu t ExcellentExcellent Exco.Mc.nt Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Good Good Good Exce_lont Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellen t Good Very /:ooc Fair Very good Good Very good Very good Excellent Excellent Very good Very good (320) is bodied linseed oil. V 17070 is Sherwin-Williams soap stock. RR 9623 is competitive soap stock. -S and Vi #1 is Stroock end Wittenberg Pine Gum #1. S and W #202 is " " #202. 'X. . The Stroock and Wittenberg vehicles are treated Tall Oil products SYjflR very low acid values. They are recommended as linseed oil extenders. gs\;. V 17093 is the Tall Oil vehicle now being used in Kem-Tone consisting 4055 (320) and 60)5 3 minute Tall Oil. " Other vehicles are experimental Tall Oil vehicles submitted by the Sin Research Department. Washability and flexibility tests on the above vehicles have not `en completed.1 1 . The amount of linseed oil used rath the above vehicles can be further -bduced. The only property affected by reduction in linseed oil seems to 1>". Texibility. Work is being continued on tin plasr-icitir..'-- oi Tall Oil and .sin oil films. D - My ecological Work , . A number of species of meld isolntrc .'ion a si-jok corn ?:otein ran Was added to Rem-Tone 65400 to determine wactnur cud t :oncav.iint.u-i proLc -Stock (C 1363 X) could be used safely in the i.rufac tuc-j of K-}Fi-T<~m. A cor. .1.,rol an"d fci*n*VoyvcLuUluau WteCUd V.carWtounliksl IIvC/eLCre V>observVeUdU AfoUri U3O3 cir.ys. im r.Gor n^t ntrrugT> .tftan a slight garbage one prevailed the greater par t the tort- period. y3 days each carton showed three mold colonies. Thus, j.i -migat be, conoid i ` the preservetivespresent in the Rem-Tone were effective against anuc contaminating the protein stock. 0007-S W P -044819 0007-SWP-000114189 -21- Qnulsioti Research Department ______________Cont. _ Cont. 1 Racteriological Work Examination of constituents in new Ken-Tone formula. Weights of the following in proportion to that of casein in the nevorwula were used in. casein solution to determine their at feet, if any on r'teria. Solutions were incubated 48 hours at room temperature before platlrt 1. Casein control 2. (152) - cobalt drier 5. W .2126' - Lecithin 4. V 17093 - Tall Oil Formula 5. Borax 6. Borax and oleic acid (equivalent weight) 7. Borax in special Kem-Tone (no preservatives) 8. Borax and oleic acid in special Kem-Tone ; Control Bacteriostatic Effect Inoculated Bacteriostatic Effect 1920/cc j . 90/cc 840tycc 300/cc 120/cc . 30/cc 0/cc ; 300/cc 95.3* Stimulates growth 84.4* 93.8* 98.4* . 100* 84.4* 300,000/cc 30,000/cc 200,000/cc 1600/cc 64,400/cc 1200/cc 0/cc 0/cc 90* 33* 99.5* 78.5* 99.6* 100* 100* The effect of hydrogen ion concentration and heat on bacteria tracking Kem-Tone: Method: Portions of 5* inoculated (2,000,000 bact./cc) casein solu-. ion regulated to different pH's were heated to various temperatures and held...ithere for 15 minutes. Plates were immediately made to determine the effect' , :pf the pH and heat on the bacteria. 1. Regulation of pH with ammonia (volatile base) . Temp. PH 7.9 70 140 170 300 + 300 i300 + pH 9 pH 9.3 300 + 300 < 300 + ' 3CC - 300 + 300 x pH 9.75 500 + 500 + 500 Bact. per l/40 cc 0007-SWP-044820 0007-SWP-000114190  22- Emulsion Research Department Cont, Cont. Comments Bacterial growth was larger in the plate (70 - pH 7.9) than in plate 5 - pH 9.75) which were mere pin points. Plate (170 - 9.75) showed a ight decrease in bacterial number, but abundant growth of those present.. ij nay indicate that the original pH and the heating may have killed a few fganicms, at the same time the ammonia gradually boiling out leaving in the jja more favorable growing environment for the thriving bacteria. 2. Regulation of pH with sodium hydroxide (fixed base) Temp, 81 140 170 pH 10.6 100 + 100 + 80 pH 11 100 + 80 50 ' Bact. per l/4G cc ^ Although not conclusive, the results show that heat and pH do have le effect on bacteria. .5 gm NaoH was required to prepare 100 cc of $ ein solution resulting in the pH 10.C. 3.- Regulation of pH with the mixture of ammonia and sodium hydroxide The amount of ammonia in the casein solution was fixed. The amount hydroxide varying to regulate the pH. Temp. 83 pH 8.3 200 + pH 8.7 200 + pH 9.3 150 pH 10, Bact. per 150 cc 140 180 30 25 15 10 15 9 '6 4 In all cases the solutions of higher pH-turned darker in color on eating than those of lower alkalinity at the sane temperature. Heated sam ples developed the slaughter house odor due to the hydrolysis of casein. Evaluation of Preservatives f J' Evaluation of various preservatives: Method; To 15 cc of 10$ casei... s<j]n,,ic:i to which 10 cc of spoiled |casein (6,000,000 bact./cc) had previously boar, aldec 10 cc of .3$ pre-serva- stive solution and 6 cc of distilled water were adl.ail; the resulting concentre |tion of preservative being .1$ in 5$ casein s^ijtroa. The solutions y<ere the 0007-SW P-044821 0007-SWP-000114191 -23- fiaulsian Research Department Cont. IjM- Cont. incubated at room temperature for 48 hours in a closed jar. One drop (spec ial dropper 40 gtt/cc) vras plated out in nutrient agar. The second places ere made following another 48 hour period. The preservative solutions were prepared by dissolving .1 gci preser vative in 30 cc distilled water or a suitable mixture of acetone and water. 'In the case of the latter, the acetone wqs allowed to evaporate from the fin.', .test solution above by leaving the jar open the first 24 hours of the incuba tion period, and the lost volume replaced -with distilled water. Results; A ' Preservative 1st Plate pH Count 2nd Plate final odor pH_____Count and comments Solubili by__ fV Sulfanilamide ti. Silver Nitrate !3. - di-nitro-o-cresol ;4. Dowicide 6 Si' Preventol 6. a-Naphthylamine ,7. Steri-chlor ;B. Benzoic Acid ?9<, Sod, Perborate National Aniline ) h i Antimyco tic 40879) N.A. Antimyc.40880 Santophen 20 13. Collatone Dowicide 7 it S It A rt G ii F P-dime thylamino benzaldehyde (1767) Gua iacol Hercules Sample A 22, Hercules Sample C .25, Roccal 24. Santophen. 7 25. Phenol S 26. XT .27. Trimethyl phenzyl ammon. chloride 7.3 4800 7.6 13 7.2 2500 6.9 4500 8.1 80 ' 7.7 2 7.2 25,000 7.2 30,000 8.7 240 . 7.6 8 7.3 . 62 7.5 0 8.6 60 6.95 50 8.4 0 8.5 1 8 ' 2,000 7.9 2,000 7.8 0 7.6 25,000 7.0 2,000 7.8 0 8.4 10,000 7.9 0 7.85 15,000 7.9 2,000 7.8 15,000 6.95 7.8 6.8 6.9 7.9 7.45 6.8 6.5 8.7 7.7 '- G 15,000 4,000 - 0 200 7 20,000 7.8 0 8.4 0 6.7 25,000 7.3 10,000 8.5 2,000 7.1 7.1 - 6.7 7.27.25 7.3 7.2 10,000 400 10,000 2,000 - 2,000 - Spoiled Water Sit.,dark amber n Sit.,sol. amber Acetone--.va tor Slight ii - >: Slight Water- Sli^it Ace tone-water Spoiled Water Spoiled Acetone-water Slight Water Slight Acetone-water Slight ii ii Sit.,dark amber " Slight Water Slight Ace tone-water Slight Water Slight Spoiled it Slight 11 Slight Slight Slight Slight Spoiled Slight Slight Slight Ace tone-wat3r T! SI n i: II ii Water Acetone-watci' H I! n i: Slight Water 0007-SWP-044822 0007-SWP-000114192 s**'* -24- Emulsion Research Department Cont. ___ Cont. '.'crvative .'formaldehyde ."Pbenol jfSod. Nitrite ^GD-C-Hip f;GD-9 A Dip .^Furfural {Blank 1st Plate pH_____Count 7.2 0 8.1 20,000 7.4 30.000 7.8 25.000 7.8 0 7. 10.000 6.9 32,000 2nd Plate pH_____Count 6.9 400 7.2 7.4 10,000 Final odor, comments Slight Spoiled Spoiled Slight Slight Slight Spoiled Solubility Water it a Acetone-*?. (joaments; Only- a few samples showed good results. Y>'e believe, however, that re1 of the tested preservatives are actively bacteriostatic than the result.; {date.- Silver nitrate, sodium perborate, Santophen 20- and Ccliutone shove 1 rfect results. Several showed reverse results with low first plate counts el sudden jump in the second. This may indicate the possible deteriorate on pt'the preservative or a fault in technique. We were not thoroughly satisfied 'ti the results of those preservatives dissolved in acetone-water. The majrr.V owed poor results. This is probably due to the poor dispersal of the presertive in the casein solution. .W-. Second evaluation of various preservatives using Kero-Tone as base. A special batch of Kern-Tone was prepared leaving out the u s u bI nt-e- ervative. Solutions of preservatives dissolved in water or acetone-water a: u A preceding test were added to portions of Ken-Tone so that the final 5Cf need Kem-Xone contained a .1% preservative concentration. r J-; . 1st Plate 2nd Plate reservatlva_________ pH Count pH Count Final odor and color bolujilipv Mersolite 8 {.Dowi cide 6 .a. Naph thylamine . Antimycotic 40879 " 40880 . Preventol Sod i Perborate . Santophen 7 Dowiin.de 7 " ii A "G " j- 8.9 5 8.9 6 8.9 3 9.2 1 e.s 7 9.1 2 9.1 2 7.5 600 7.7 3 9.0 7 9.4 0 7.8 800 7.8 1000 jf4. Roc cal 9.4 25 8.7 0 8.7 3 8.8 10 8.8 0 Sit casein, dark tan Acetone-water SI. animal, " N - !> tl l If M t i \: it ii 11 ii : 8.6 10 8.8 5 Normal, white SI. animal, dark tan Ji ti tr r 8.7 400 Casein, buff Water 7.1 340 7.5 2 SI. casein, white Normal, white Ace tone-wate-,' It >1 9.0 10 Ammonia,si. animal,buff 7,'ater 9.1 3 " " " ck.' tan n 7.4 620 Normal, white ir 7.4 500 Cardboard and glue, white 9.3 11 Ammonia,si.animal, buff ii n 0007-SWP-044823 0007-SWP-000114193 Emulsion Research Department Cent.___ __________ Shfei a* Cont. preservative 1st Plate 2nd Plate iiolu- oil Count oH Count Final odoi* and color bili J.5. Phenol S iB" XT j,7 ; GD-C-Dip 181 GD-9 A-bip ['g. Furfural $02 Mercury chloride av Blank 8.9 9.2 9.1 9.2 8.S 9.1 8.5 0 8.7 4 8.9 S 9.0 5 8.9 3 8.9 1 9.0 4.8 . 8.2 5 3 20 1 18 0 30 SI. animal, buff Acetone-w SI. casein, " 11 ft II " It Animal, buff " Ammonia, animal. buff. " Casein, buff Water SI. garbage, white ; The results obtained here are quite similar in ratio to those ch ined in the previous evaluation. Those giving counts up to three may be con Spidered good. A number of samples showed an increase of bacteria over that crr Rite blank. This may be due tg the lack of an effective concentration of tie preset'vative in active physical form in the media. In small concentrations, preservatives oftentimes stimulate the multiplication of bacteria. The effect of heating on preservatives used in Hem-Tone: .6/i aqueous preservative solutions were heated to various temper .;Jtures, held, there for 15 minutes, then stood at room temperature for 24 heu-'s, fcthe lost volume of water being replaced, a portion was taken and added to |2Q -cc of 1056 inoculated casein solution (100,000 bact./cc) so that the rcsult-pjig concentration of preservative was .$$ casein 5$. Plates were made after 2 hours incubation at room temperature. A. Dowicide G 3rd Dav 5th Dav sir.' Temo./Time Ep. 1st Plate eH 2nd Plate 0 F./O 100 F./15' 135 F./15' 1609 F./15' 185 F./151 185 F./301 Casein control 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.5 8.4 8.55 6.9 200/cc 32,000/cc 0/cc 16,000/co 0/cc 0/cc 640,000/cc 6.25 0/cc 8.1 600,000/cc e.3 400,000/cc 7.7 1,200,000/cc 8.2 400,000/cc 8.3 160,0U0/cc 0007-SWP-044824 0007-SWP-000114194 -26- Emulsion Research Department Cont. ___ |g;-' Cont. ftSCr wflowicide S Kwtn'./Time OH W$i Ko/O 8.7 Rib0 F./15' 8.7 i'55 F./15' 8.8 [60 F./15' 8.7 ['80 F./15' 8.7 180 F./50'. 8.8 Jhsein cont. 8.4 g?//.';' * Dowicide A Plate 0/cc 40,000/cc 40,000/cc 80,000/cc 40,000/cc 40,000/cc 200,000/cc Temp/Time El 0/0 100' F./15' 1350 F./15' 160 F./15' 1800 y./i5> 1800 T./30' Casein cont. 6.5 8.4 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 6.4 Odor Tests C. 5oaiu3n Perborate Terno./Time ...pH .. 0/0 100 F./151 135 F./151 1600 F./151 1800 F./15' 180 F./301 Casein cont. 6.9 8.8 5.7 8.9 8.9 3.8 3.4 Plate 64,000/cc 560/cc 500/cc 300/cc 8,0C>0/ec 80,000/cc 200,000/cc 1st plate 800/ce 400/cc . 4000/cc 4400/oc 6000/cc 12,000/cc 400,000/cc 2nd Piste 2400/cc 3200/cc. 8000/cc 8000/cc 4800/cc 9300/cc ileport on Ken-Tone Formula 65402 - C 263 Due to an odor complaint received on the Ken-Tone formula 65402 263 E, the follov/ing observations and teats vjere made: |1* The original Kera-Tone in the sample bottle: a. Odor:, moldy, flat, similar to damp wallpaper. b. Odor of unexposed surface: si. pungent, pine oil, pleasant. c. Appearance- abundant mold growth on surface of sample. 2. 50^ reduced sample: a. Odor: 0. K-, not strong. b. pH; 7,0 c. Appearance: si. lumpy as if broken, numerous small bubbles. After 24 hours: solids settled, leaving clear supernatant liquid. !;. 2. Test for presence of borax a. The clear.liquid obtained from the 24 hour reduced sample above vras acidified and tested for borax using the Turmeric test. A control ---- ---. .v,,, Mmo. Results for the sample in question were 0007-SW P-044825 0007-SWP-000114195 -27- Kmulsion Research ['..jparhiient Coni. - 1, wet: 2, dry; S, inoculated.- The odors in all three were identical. form grcmth of white mold hyphae. This indicates that the Ksm-Tone is grossly contaminated with specific mold hyphae or spores. ' Odor test on hem-Tone test hatches: W? 1018 Kem-Tone: control VJ? 1019 " " : 2/3 weight of casein substituted with egg proteir.. WP 1022 Method: cardboard carton test. HP 1019 1022 1st day odor: si. pungent SI. musty , and of drying oil 30th day odor: faintly Slightly musty Growth: none musty None Spoilage; none None Gamape SI. garbage 2 mold 10th: spoiled shejlfr.sh 16th: Garbage 1st day: musty 30th day: Sp. shellfish Growth: Numerous brown i colonies Spoilage] 16th day SI. pine oil, pleasant Flat, odor slight Non None Garbage Garbage 3 mold 1st day odor: SI. spoiled shellfiBh SOfeh day: musty, garbage Growth: numerous mold Spoilage: none Slight garbage SI, garbage Cardboard odor, musty SI. garbage Numerous mold Very numerous mold. None | 0007-SWP-044826 0007-SWP-000114196 -iO- fimilsion Research D^pcrur mt ______ Cent. _________ ev. - Gemi-Gloss Kem-Tone Development work on gloss type emulsion paints requires some rsrientation of thought as compared with lustreless type formulation aevelop- `fc. Gloss is due to specular reflection from the surface of the object, $-;any point or points on the surface-which give rise to diffuse reflection of 'e light subtract from the gloss, and the extent of these points need not b? eat in order to lower that characteristic appreciably, >*., In Kem-Tone the pigment is preferentially .vetted by the water phase 2.''as long as the water coating does not evaporate it appears glossy. Bu* on evaporation of the water phase the varnish and protein binder act only Ya'cementitious material, holding the uneven surfaced pigment particles is "e-area coated and to each other. As ligit strikes that uu>vn surface it aydiffused to give the soft reflectance of Kem-Tone. To produce a glossy resin-emulsion paint, it is believed necessary t'the pigment be effectively coated with a compound of sv.ch nature that ^pigment will be preferentially wetted by the varnish binder - and if nor riginally incorporated therein - will, upon application of the fun, under;x, 'iomplete phase reversal and become entirely wetted by the initially .inter. .. tfaise. (This latter condition seems to be more of a theoretical concept than tactical.) Further, because water must be the initial external phase (in order ivfchin with water, and to have good brushing) and the pigment must be vitui-i . '^.particles of emulsified binder, the pigment itself must bs capahlt of tcemely fine subdivision. Also, the ratio of pigment to binder must be considerably smaller in Kem-Tone, for there must be sufficient to completely wet die pigmeifd allow for handling, and to dissolve those addition agents feund nocesry to emulsify and stabilize the final product. u- It follows from the above that the pigment should have the highest iding power per unit of volume obtainable. If the product is designed to have the pigment initially in the arnieh phase, it must be mads to stay there - must be prevented from migrati x\ the interface of the phases. ' Initial experience with attested gloss emulsions showed that the pigment, untreated, would migrate into the interface with time, and although glossy upon fresh manufacture, would deteriorate in this quality with age. 0007-SWP-044827 0007-SWP-000114197 -29- ihaulsion Research Department Cont. Coni. It was theoretically reasoned and later demonstrated that this aging can be considerably reduced by a pre-treatment of the selected pigment Tyta surface coating of a lyophylic nature. A number of netallo-organic gSpounds were tested with the most practical promise obtained rdth aluminum S&inate applied to u rutile type titanium dioxide pigment. The theoretical reasoning for the success of' aluminum resinate as a gating for the titanium dioxide may be of interest ana follows. It has been known that titanium dioxide has an affinity for aasorpjon of metallic driers from conventional paint formulations, and ns there are [Sdications that such adsorption is oriented - i.e., the metallic portion of he;drier adjacent to the pigment, ana the organic end. of the molecule directed Stward, titanium pigments were selected for this study. In initial work on this phase of the problem a selected group of petallo-organic compounds covering a wide range of metals in the periodic tableMid, some variations of organic acids were dissolved in low boiling petroleum Solvent. Samples of treated pigment were then made by first bail-milling an ' raging titanium dioxide pigment in these solutions. The pigment was centriuged and washed from-the excess of metal-organic test compounds, air dried, ad ground into a 25 gallon length oleoresinous vehicle. The pastes were th-u. Incorporated into resin-emulsion paints so that the pigment and varnish were dispersed phase. Results from this series of tests indicated best result: .ith aluminum naphthenate. $&.': jgfy.; As the naphthenates were unavailable, aluminum resinate was used with favorable results. Etfi- According to Harkins "oriented wedge" theory - if the trivalent guumlnuiri is oriented so that the metallic end is adsorbed by the titanium Mioxide there is a protective "wedge" of the three resinate molecules which |are hydrophobic - and prevent the pigment from entering the interface, which Ishould prevent loss of gloss. Work is under way, in conjunction with Gloucester on the preparation |Pf surface coated rutile titanium dioxide. The final physical state sought for in the dried film should be as & close to that of the conventional enamel film as it is possible to produce. SPath such specification it is apparently necessary to keep all oil or resin gfinsoluble agents at a minimum. ig,. This requirement introduces the problem of maintaining emulsion ^stability, as there is considerable tendency for these materials to "break" it j&the brush upon washing out with water and soap. 0007-SWP-044828 0007-SWP-000114198 -30- Eraulsion Research Department Cont. Kem-Tone Production Inspection During the month Rem-Tone production was inaugurated at the John ("plant in Gibbsboro and also iii the Cleveland plant. At the same time, Newark plant was placed on production with the corn protein .formula, as had previously used the all casein formula. The net-up in each plant is 'jjiiined below: Cleveland Kem-Tone production equipment in the Cleveland plant consists of small mixers, of approximately 75 gallons working capacity each, located e third floor of B Dept. The mill is a new Morehouse High E Speed ColId'Mill, mounted on a narrow gauge track at the rear of the thin-dawn tanks, id capable of being moved from .one tank to another for each batch ground, ere are three thin-down tanks of 400 gallons' capacity each. With this equip:3ft, !a production rate of 1200 gallons per eight hour shift should be easily t&inable. The corn protein solution is made in a separate jacketed agitator /' located on tire mixer floor. .'.... Equipment Needed Perhaps the piece of equipment most urgently needed in Cleveland i.:: ^Suitable water meter installed , in the line to the thin-down tanks. The pre ent meter is entirely unsatisfactory, and water is being added by measuring ,6 gallon pails at this time. Vie are using Imperial meters in Chicago, whil 3 OTBrk and Gibbsboro are using Neptune equipment. Both types have proven sat isfactory for this purpose. It is also essential that provisions be made to strain the (2B93)R fore it is added to the batch. As received, this varnish contains numerous /skins and seeds which are not efficiently removed from the finished Kem-Tone JSTittae floto-bpray strainer at the time of filling. Unless the varnish is Strained before using, it is almost impossible to fill clean, un^ontaminated fem-Tone. Gibbsboro Gibbsboro1 s equipment consists of two mixers of approximately 100 gallons capacity each, one Micro Pulverizer mill, and three thin-down tanks ,f 400 gallons capacity each. Inasmuch as there is no tank available in v;hifb make up the com protein Solution, one of the thin-down tanks is used for ..this purpose. As a consequence, there are only two tanks available for- Rt;r.i~ tTone production most of the time. On this basis, production should average /two tanks or 800 gallons each, eight hour shift, with a third tank produced tevery second or third day, for a 6 day - 48 hour week production of a minima: of 5500 gallons. 0007-SWP-044829 0007-SWP-000114199 -31- Emulsion Research DepartmentCont. xS" Cent. Equipment Nesued Installation of a 250 gallon steam jacketed agitator tank, equipped r/a dial thermometer, to be used as a com protein tank, would enable Pibb' 3fjto increase production to an average of 7200 gallons weekly, and would atiy reduce time and labor needed to make the protein solution in the taliso* tank on the second floor, fill in drums on the first floor, ana truck up ^elevator to the . third floor mixers as is being done at present. A second ^ identical with the first one, to be used to make up casein solutions ld: also be more efficient and would result in a higher weekly production Newark Hie installation of a 250 gal Ion jacketed agitator tank adjacent to 'present casein tank enabled Newark to start production on the new corn Stein formula. P;- Equipment Needed Another casein tank and another corn protein tank would provide move dxible uninterrupted production. Additional mixers and thin-down tanks would tedtly increase weekly output at this plant. Dial thermometers installed in S`.casein and protein tank's, mixers and thin-down tanks are absolutely essen- lai: It is also strongly recommended that the casein and corn protein solu- ions be added to the batches on a weight basis instead of volumetrically as ^present. " Maximum potential production from the Newark plant could not be lized unless labeling, filling and conveying equipment Y/ere considerably larged. ft'v Due to an inadequate supply of 2185 dry lithopoae, a conservation formula, identified as Alternate "C has been developed and submitted to all plants to be used whenever the 'ltthopone situation becomes acute. Kem-Ione Production Control Facilities have been established in Chicago to maintain a close chect |dn the quality of the Rem-Tone being produced by all of the plants engage5 iu Bits manufacture, A representative sample of every fourth batch manufactured .-Sent to this laboratory There examined for weight per gallon, viscosity, pH, |color, odor, washability, brushability and brush clean-out, A report on ties, jtests is sent to the plant submitting the samples. , . A standardized inventory and production, report form has been as vv -- I'fished, with all plants ^submitting this report weekly. It is hoped that . sreport of this type Trill'correlate all raw material information in a ccr.t.r',1 or-i t.i cal and allocated items. 0007-S W P -044830 0007-SWP-000114200 affik: -32- Hinulsion Research Dep.ii'l'ntd'.'i Coni, .... ......... 61 - font- Kem-Tone Fibre Package Pilling, handling, shipping, heat, an<. .lee::e tea us lav.; been e.on the &L05 gallon Kem-Tone fibre package. Resulvj oj. h.e ce s\. are Remising end indicate package will be satisf&cfcory fc : 1lor.', usage. Based on the results o:? the shipping tes'S it is ntces&uy to $e dividers, top and bottom pads in the cartons, or tones u--: ;u "c.r pa.kegii. > fibre containers. y'. 75 - Blackout and Camouflage Paints This laboratory is continuing to cooperate with the factory U working rejected batches of 1-1279 //2 hark Greon. is '55 - Wallpaper Evaluation Samples of Style Perfect wallpaper submitted by the United YJallpnr-r Snpany have been checked for washability, fade resistance, adliesion, and "ttleneSs. Kem-Tone trims are also being checked for quality. Tests on recent amples indicate that washahility and fade resistance of toe trims has fallen low standard. The United Wallpaper Company has been informed.of the result-, our tests and have been requested to improve the quality of trims vdth aspect to washability and fade resistance. The adhesion of the trims has been improved and is up to standard. 170 - Army-Navy Specification Work See #175. v ^174 - Oleoresinous Wrinkle Varnishes No work done. Specialties Work is being continued on the development of - a rps.- 'i -in'- ,,oa.:t particularly for uso in cleaning Ken-Tone. Several spachtling compounds are being evaluated tw t -Ls rafts i.department desires to offer a product of this type under1 cm- uw. Label, j'" -the samples examined, Savogran Crack Filler showed up bust, vi'h ospe-rt ! .non-shrinking qualities and smoothness of finish. 0007-SWP-044831 0007-SWP-000114201 -6M. VAN LOO A series of paints based on S"IP aro being prepared for Paroosure using various types of extenders to study the effects on durability, (2) dirt collection and general appearance, and (3) foblor retention in tints. Two types of formulations are being used,- 8 conventional high oil medium p.v.o. paint similar to 1942 SWP, jfknd (b) an oil conservation type similar to the 1943 SWP, The ex^tenders b8ing studied include 20t magnesium, silicate, 2188 dry Micro Kyelva, 8 dry China Clay, 2077 dry Celite #281, 213 dry Blano Fixe, 506 dry Barytes,'566 dry Mineral Whiting, 2500 dry Suspenso Whiting, ^2247 dry Atomite, 1817 dry Surfex, 3 dry Silica, and 1779 dry Mica. ?BxposUr0S wiH be over 450 Undercoater, tinted gray under the -white Ipaints and left white under the'tints, to emphasize erosion. All will fba exposed south at Coffeyvillo, and at Chicago the whites and ^Colonial fellow tints will be exposed south and north, and the Slate ftints south only* Panels 4483-98 F were examined after 24'months Florida ^exposure. These consisted of SWP Canary Yellcw, Cream, Gray, and I'Pea Green tints, two coat 450 primed cedar panels* The regular tint Ibase of 1/5/40 ( 58 pounds 2031 T and 80 pounds 1895 dry) was compared fewith a special pigmentation carrying 25% lead titanate in conjunction iwith leaded zinc and asbestine. In this set, the speoial high lead Stitanate pignentation' shows slower chalking with better tint retenition than the regular, and a rather surprising advantage in durability 'and freedom from dirt collection, which has not always been true in /parallel comparisons. 40/60 leaded zinc, 1526 dry, shows less checking ^ Qian 35/65 leaded zinc, 412 dry, in the regular. Panels 4418-38 F ware examined after 36 months exposure l;t Florida, 2 coat, 450 primed on cedar. Various blends of castor |and soya oils are compared with the regular Ex 471 SWP Gloss White ^formulas of 1/4/40 and 4/4/40, in which the latter carried Dehydrol :and soya. The castor-soya combinations involved up to one third j substitutions of the total oil and used (a) (3017) Light Bodied Dehydrol a; (ll seconds) - (1273) Refined Soya, (b) (2325) Dohydrol (50 seconds) - |(41S) raw soya, (c) special ester interchange oils JI 321 a 2/l castor linseed, M 309 a 3/1 soya oastor, M 311 a 2/1 soya-castor, and (d) I^ARV-1955 soya-castor "kangaroo oil." These panels aro remarkable //for their fine condition after 36 months exposure south in Florida, and practically no evidenoe of inferiority duo to the use of the K-f ftbove oils could bo found. / jfo.62 - studies of Flat Wall Paint Formulation Flat Wall Paints Work is under way to develop flat '.vail paints based on Don-penetrating highly bodied ``neutralized" oil vehicles. Tho same theories apply here that were previously described under house paints, t*e., the neutralization of the free fatty acids reduces the penetra tion of oil into the substrate. 0007-SWP-044832 0007-SWP-000114202 The neutralizing agents used have been sodium hydroxide, j_a magnesia, etc. Because reactive pigments such as zinc oxide j-a raroly used in flat "wall paints, the neutralization with sodium tide may be done after the paint has been ground and thinned, sr, lime treated oils so far have proven more practical. Lorre hers have an excellent oil of this type in their V-792, which is nseed oil carried to a high body with an acid value of about 18, hioh the acidity is then reduced to 1,5 at 34/5 solids with hydrated This oil shows an excellent oontrol of penetration on the ISjiufLl filter paper tests, and permits formulation using Titanox RCHT ith a minimum of "ghosting." - We are working to ade.pt this type of to our plants. Due to the shortage of R 200 TiOg 2173 dry, an-alternate was developed using the anatase 1403 dry. The alternate formula ~'*l satisfactory duplication of -the regular, (Painteroraft Flat #10), Semi-Lustre As an approach to the formulation of an improved semi1'108!: wall paint for post-war usage, a review was made of Semi-Lustre formulas back to 1925, Batches were prepared on every important redfllon to check on the effeots on performance and quality, and to find ^.unusual and desirable qualities whioh should bo incorporated into her post-war formulation. The various physical characteristics such as weight, isqoaity, brushing qualities, drying, gloss, and hardneBs were checked ^washability will be determined after .the films have been allowed for two weeks. Due to the multiplicity of batches and tests, w data will not be included here but is available to anyone interested. Floor Enamel w-t/Lf ART-3120, a 25 gallon. East India-linseed varnish with |"y5`Solids, was supplied by the Varnish Researoh Division for evalua- Kp? in Floor Enamel. Speoial Rx 468 Floor Enamel Slate was prepared Bjhd testad against three standard formulations using (2843)0, (3848)E, (3850)N respectively. The results were as follows: jfcrnlsh |(WS0)R M5848)e 1.(2843 )G Viscosity #3 orifice 21.2 sec. 28.2 " 22 " 22.6 " Drying 17 hrs, T F WST Taaky WST Sward Hardness (17'hrs) 10 8 3-4 10 Sword Hardness (96 hrs. ) 24 20 12 22 Abrasion Resistance (96 tfo.) 3300 gns, 9600 n 4800 " 2350 " . i: Mr *Vl.&fv i-rj.*.. .' 0007-SWP-044833 H 0007-SWP-000114203 8 - M. VAN LOO (5848 )E r- (2843)G 7-3120 Cold H20 Resistance 24 hr. spot test Turned rfhite-did not recover Turned milky-almost ocmplete recovery Turned milky-almost complete reoovary Turned -white-did not recover Soap Resistance 1% Ivory-5 hrs. Discolored and dulled Discolored and Dulled-trifle less than others Discolored and dulled' Print Resistance 2 Ibs./aq. in(24 hrs.) Slight Print It is not intended in the above that the sand abrasion tests are to be construed as indicative of the traffic resistanoe. Since -the oold water tests -on the (3850)N did not appear to equal previous ^performance of laboratory cooked batohes, checks are being made on pro duction. Based on the above, the East India varnish does not appear 'to offer any advantages from the quality standpoint over the Velsicol Polypala combination used in (3860)N. . Examination of 'White Lead .Panels 7186 to 7189 C & F were prepared for exposure to :;;ocmpare tho durability of our white lead with oompotitive products* The samples inolude SW Q.P. lead of high tinting strength, Dutch Boy (3/4 Carter - l/4 Old Dutch), and Eagle Picher (all Old Dutch). The paints were applied in three coats each, using the regular recammenda- ; tion's for reduction of lead-in-oil for first, second, and third ooats.' ;#86 Durability of. Piguents with Special Reference to Leaded Zinc and White Lead __________ Panels 7173 and. 7177 C were prepared for exposure to canpare the relative durability of Co-fumed versus mechanically mixed leaded zincs in the oil conservation type house paint formula. This Was to re-view possibilities in case replacements were needed for 412 3ry 9 dry, basic sulfate white lead, was blended with the large partiole size hon-aoicular New Jersey Zinc Oxide XX-50 (1707 dry),, and the two acioulars ZZZ-22 and ZZZ-33 to. give the semo composition as 35/6 5 leaded zinc. - Five Retardant Paints After 1600 hours in the salt spray machine, the series 0007-SWP-044834 0007-SWP-000114204 -li lt. VAN LOO Bv- In the May report we mentioned that a pigment study was under way in which various blends of iron oxide, zinc chromate, and iameaium silicate would be evaluated for use in a post-war trade sales ^thl primer. Panels 7128-7154 C (c G have been prepared for exposure :'*Lt Chicago and Gloucester City, N. J. 46 south. These are 9" x 12" Jhot rolled steel panels, and 3" x 9" panels have been prepared for [salt spray tests. The paints were made on a modified "Xramlk" vehicle in 'which (48) is substituted for the grinding varnish binder oontent. (The p.v.c. was held at 28,7#, Pi(orient proportions using the three (constituents were varied in steps of 20# by volume over the range of 100# for each variable. A brief test using normal and basic /`types of lead chrcniate (12092 dry and 12082 dry) was included to give 5a. comparison with jinc chronate* Because of the sucoess obtained through the use of .'calcium carbonate extenders in 52-P-18 primer in fire retardant tests, (a similar series is being tested in an oleoresinous primer of the (fXromik type. Panels 7209-10 C were prepared for exposure to evaluate (Dutrex Resins A & B from the Shell Petroleum Company as rust inhibitive jv'ooatlngs for steel. The Dutrex resins are long ohain aromatic residues from lube oil. The Dutrex resins were cut in mineral spirits and applied by brush, to steel panels. Kern Kromik and Metalastio Black were used as the guide system* Sctne work has been done on pure red lead ready mixed palntB to determine whether it is possible to hold the oil oontent -below 375# per gallon* To date, the use of bodied oil has oausod / considerable after-body. %:#177 Plgpent Studies leaded Zinc "We were informed during the month that there was some question whether 1526 dry 60/40 leaded Zino Cbd.de oculd be produced without encountering a serious drop in quality, due to the grades of ores available for that production* It was suggested that 413 dry be tried a6 a substitute for 1526 in a representative formula. The greatest quantity usage of 1526 dry is in SWP tints and therefore fix 496, SWP Ivory, was seleoted as the cleanest tint in the line. First, it should be reported that recent shipments of 1526 dry have been rather dark in color so that in relation to 1526 the 413 dry samples are whiter and brighter than the comparison Arterial. ! i 0007-SWP-044835 0007-SWP-000114205 12M. VAST LOO As follows; Tho samples of 413 dry which wo atudiod are described 1. 413 dry, 943 D - Standard plus color 2. 413 dry, 3472 B - Standard color 3. 413 dry, 1442 G - Standard minus color These three samples represent about the medium in color iTand the two extremes in oolor. however, the quantity of material rated lbslow standard was said to be only about 10-15$ or less, so that the ^average oolor of a car would normally run standard or above* If these samples are representative of the proposed y413 dry regular production, there would appear to be no objection to Tits use in Svjp tints and similar formulations where 1526 dry is used, ^Substitution for 1526 should be made an. the basis of equivalent chemical ^composition, The difference in lead oantent may be made up by using ''additional lead carbonate. Test Comparisons; Tint bases made On Rx 496, SWP Ivory formula, card 27, date 3/5/43. at pro. fm 226 |229 230 Leaded Zino Wt./Gal. Pigment TA 1 day age, Vise. 75F. #3 Cup 1526 14.90 14.98 21.6" 413 dry 943D 14.90 14.98 plus color 21" 413 dry, 3472 14,90 15,02 B, Std. Color 22" 413 dry, 1442 14.90 14.98 20" Color Opaoity Texture 4 Std. 331 - 4j 1 Equal std. 2P-4 2 Equal std. 2P-4 3 " " 2P-3| i, t / Rated visually on paint out; reoorded in the order of w hiteness. Opaolty Rated by visual comparison of .005" gaugu clearance draw downs cm Merest black and white contrast sheets. It is foli that any slight error in this rating would he nullified by the Wciicg of these paints to equivalent oolor. 0007-SWP-044836 0007-SWP-000114206 Paints were all ground on a laboratory 3 roll mill at a 5ixad sotting. Texture is reported on the S-TT and Lows Bros, systems i*. shown cn the S-W grind gauge. Although 413 dry is very slightly poorer in tdatura than '1526, we would say that if our samples are representative, the shift [from 1526 dry to 413 dry could be accomplished with ease in most formulas . Vv In the last monthly report, we described tests in which Sib compared the opacity of TiPure R 200, Titanox RA 10 MO, and Unitane OR 250, Panels 7101-7105 and 7127 C have now been prepared for the 'Observation of dirt oolleotion and chalking resistance of the TiOg fpigaent blends using RA 10 10 and the OR 250 with a normal abatese JiOg, The results of this test will be reported just as soon as Significant differences have developed, A second T102 canparison has been put on exposure. In rpahels 7155-7172 CM and CS, we are evaluating by both south and north ^exposures for tint retention and dirt collection, the following pigments: 2173 dry 2259 " 2174 " 1895 " 2269 " TiPure R 200 TiPure R 510 TiPure R 610 Titanox L, Lead Tltanate Titanox RA 10 MO Titanox RA 10 LO Titanox RA Onitane OR 250 K'G These pignents were made up in the Rx 471 formula. fOard 35, The paints were tinted to Rx 363 Slate and Rx 375 Colonial Yellow, i^77 -- Mildew Inhibitors Panels 7218-7223 F were prepared for exposure in Florida jmder conditions conducive to mildew. This series compares the oalcmel Mildew Resistant Paste Rx 203 with a special paste carrying phenyl mercuric oleate. The paints include the SWP Gloss White of 1942 and the current formula, with 1 and 2 parts phenyl mercuric oleate per 1000 parts paint, Z% totraohlorphenol, and tho usual treatment with Rx 203, Panels 7237-7240 C & F were prepared for exposure as Repeats of a previous series where S-W Mildew Resistant Treated TJr.dsrQoater and Gloss 'White wore compared with Cook's Mildew Resistant Housa Paint (Ihnels 6245-48-). The earlier set showed a severe yellow ish discoloration in the S-W paints. 0007-SWP-044837 0007-SWP-000114207 L -20- EMULSION RESEARCH DEPARTMENT mi ~ Baulsion Binder Paints A., ^Tatting and Emulsifying Agents The following table summarizes the results of tests made loii wetting agents during the month of July: dotting Agent Brushing 5??r ^Control Good Good p.JMr-D j^Darvan ^2 Je CVT (1734) i^l'Leukanol Type 41 IpLeukanol Type 42 SgvLaukanol Type 43 ^/Aresket 300 MtPX 454 p.CPX 454 & C*T (1734) p.Tret-O-Lite L13693 Fair Good Good Good Good Fair 4 V. Good V, Good Good Emulsion Stability Excellent Fair Good Excellent Good Good Good Good Excellent Excellent Fair B&- 1, Analysis of casein for amino aoids Settling Washability Slight Definite. Definite Slight Slight Slight Slight Slight Slight' Slight Definite Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Fair Good Good Good The casein was mixed with, distilled water, heated to {*,160 P. for seTeral hours and shaken periodically. The filtrate was *'ithan analyzed for free amino acids or any of their putrefaction (/compounds produced by the action of bacteria or enzymes. The putrefaction substanoes are formed by decarboxylation ji (removal of a carboxyl group), deaminization (removal of an amino group), greduotion, hydrolysis, or oxidation. Briefly, some of the reactions (involved, in which we are most interested, ares arginine -p? ornithine putresoine tyrosine \ --y? tyramino ----- p ore sol phenol indole ethyl amine --=>skatole -^'indole histamine lndoxyl m f casein. cysteine Same of these reactions probably account for the odor 0007-SWP-044838 0007-SWP-000114208 *21EMJLS mu RESEARCH DEPARTMENT The results of the tests thus far definitely indicate ifiiis presence of tryptophane, indole, skatole, tyrosine either or both kfenol and the cresolir, histidine, arginine and possibly a small _nount of cystine and phenyl alanine* The presence of these amino uiids and decomposition products was detected by the following positive fstss Tryptophane, indole, and skatole. 1. Adamkiewicz . rer.ction - Addition of glacial eoetio acid and concentrated sulfuric acid gives violet ring. 2. Xanthoproteic reaction - heating with nitric acid and addition of ammonia after oooling gives lanra yellow to orange color. r3 p-dimethyl amino benzaldebyde dissolving reagent in sulfurio acid and running beneath filtrate frctn protein gives red-violet ring. 4. Nitroso-indole reaction - acidifying with nitric acid and addition of potassium nitrite gives a white turbidity showing skatole, 5. Ehrlich's p-dimethyl aminobenzaIdehyde reaotion addition of 5?? alcoholic p-dimethyleminobenz&ldehydo and concentrated hydrochloric acid gives red color j|jjystine and Cysteine j$t; Reduced sulfur test - addition of NaOH and heat and Shea lead acetate gives black color. This solution turned faintly gblaok, probably because the amount of cystine in casein is very small, gore tests will be applied. |Tyrosina, hydroxy phenyl group, phenol, o-m-p-cresol Since tyrosine is the only emino acid with a hydroxy |phenyl group, these tests show both its presence and the presence of |its decomposition products, namely phenol and p -eresol. . p-diazobonsonesulphonic reaction - diazotization of sulphanilic acid with hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrite and addition of sodium carbonate and filtrate from protein gives yellow shewing phenol and oresols. Millon's reaction -- addition of Millon's reagent, made with mercury and nitrio acid gives red color showing hydroxy phenyl group. Bromine test - addition of bromine water gives a white precipitate indicating oresols^ phenol, and hydroxy aronatio acids. 0007-SWP-044839 0007-SWP-000114209 E-j-aaaarataCT^B^mwm 22* EMULSION RESEARCH DEPARTMENT 4i Xanthoproteic reaction - heating with nitric acid and addition of ammonia after cooling gives lemon yellow to orange oolor indicating tyrosine as well as tryptophane, Sinco the positive Xanthoproteic reaction shows tyrosine, ^'tryptophane, and phenyl alanine, it cannot definitely be stated that ^phenylalanine is present. However, further tests are being performed Ion this amino acid. Further tests are also being performed to prove the Sppresenoe of free histidine, arginine, and lysine* The Vickery and M ilock method for determining these was used. Excess of silver nitrato sSwas added to a sulfuric acid hydrolysate of the casein which had previously been adjusted to pH 3 - 6 with barium hydroxide. The aoidity "fvwas further reduced by the gradual addition of more barium hydroxide, iAt pH 7 - 7.4 histidine and at pH 13 - 14 arginine precipitated as their I'Silvar derivatives. Lysine, which remains in the filtrate, should be g|: subsequently thrown down as its phosphotungstate and finally converted Kr'.into the picrate. This, however, was not observed. When the filtrate from the casein w s b neutralized and fallowed to stand several days, a email amount of white flocculent solid pCprecipitated. One theory is that this may be'a salt of lysine, ^'Although lysine is extremely soluble in water, it tends to separate f.fram a neutralized casein hydrolysate in associatirm vrith the ;i: sparingly soluble tyrosine with which it appears to form a double salt. Work is being continued an this problem and also stopping |ithe enzyme action on the amino aoids to do away with the odor. 2, Protein Dispersions ;Hoi purpose Results |iWP 1115 WP 1116 ;V.;WP 1117 V-17071 replacing 637 in BX 606 V-7739 replacing 637 in BX 606 Dresinate "90" replaoing sodium resinate in BX 665 Poor Poor Good -WP 1153 Make linseed meal protein dispersion on BX 619 formula. Water added until the protein content was 9,4# and solid content 12/o Good Wp 1154 Make linseed meal protein dispersion on BX 664 formula. Water added until the protein content was 8,7?? Good Dispersions of linseed meal protein were made an the BX 606, BX 6S4, and BX 619 formulas. OR-FS contains 12j protein and 0007-SWP-044840 0007-SWP-000114210 EMtfLSlON fcS^EARCH bEPARTMENT less than 1% Dowicide G.' On tha BX 619 and the BX 664 formulas, additional water had to be added to obtain a good dispersion. The "rotein content of the former was 9.4$ and of the latter 8.75?. Results trere very poor with the BX 606 formula, Experimental Kem-Tone batches were made using linseed ~al protein as both a replacement and an extender for casein. The linseed protein produced a poor emulsion when used as a complete relacejnent for casein# A satisfactory emulsion was obtained when the "com protein portion of the formula was replaced with linseed protoin, caving the casein content unchanged. The use of linseed protein re'sulted in some deorease in washability. 3. Literature Survey on proteins aturation* Denaturation is brought about by the following faotors: : 1. Heat - e. g. casein loses phosphorous between. 90 and 120 C, and the dephosphorised protein is simultaneously denatured, 2. Strong acids and alkalis and the salts of heavy metals, 3. Sunlight and ultra-violet radiations 4. Alcohol and acetones 5. Lecithin and ether 6. Urea 7. Mechanical means such as shaking 8. Freezing 9. Pressure 10. Salicylate 11. All synthetic detergents denature ordinary proteins at the iso-electric point and keep them in solution Denaturation results in 1. Loss of chemical structure 2. Elimination of solvent 3. Deorease in solubility at iso-electric point 0007-SWP-044841 0007-SWP-000114211 Mm --24-- EMU1SI0N RESEARCH DEPARTMENT 4, Formation of colloidal solutions with dilute aoids and alkalis# Solubility and prsolpitation Dilute solutions of neutral salts of the alkalis inerease 4j- the solubility of proteins in watery e.g., globulin dissolved by salts '` is electrically neutral# Proteins in acid solutions are precipitated by phosphotrmgstie aoid, hydroferrocyanic acid, neta phosphoric acid. Proteins in neutral cr weakly alkaline solutions are precipitated hy salts of heavy metals and by simple salts such as HcigSO^ only in high concen tration. All complex ionized salts precipitate proteins from solution. Salts which possess a complex anion precipitate proteins only when the latter are in a Kationio state(at a pH more acid than the iso electric point of the protein). Those reagents which specifically pre cipitate proteins: 1. Mineral acids (ENOj, metaphosphoric) 2. Potassium ferrocyanide and acetic acid 3. Salts of heavy metals 4. Alkaloidal reAgents, phosphotungstic acid, phosphe- molybdic acid, K-HG-Iodide, K-Bi-Iodide, Tannic acid, picric acid 5. Trichloracetic and sulphonyl salicylic acids 6. Uranyl acetates 7. Nucleic acid and protamines 8. Copper, mercury and lead salts Dispersions of proteins in formaldehyde Proteins may be dispersed in certain aqueous formalde hyde solutions. The procedures used were: A. Formaldehyde added to protein followed by aoid or base B. Aoid or base added to protein followed by formaldehyde C. Aoid or base added to protein without formaldehyde as a comparison Procedure A gave very low nitrogen dispersion between pH's of l--lo, but B dispersed as much and more nitrogen in same points of the alkaline range as did C. Formaldehyde gives an inoreased water resistance and can easily be used with soybean protein dispersions but unless caution is used vnll cause flocculation or gelation with casein. Oxidation Oxidising agents such as and hypochlorite in an 0007-SWP-044842 0007-SWP-000114212 -*.. >.-.,' *n'jii*-.. -25EMULSlON RESEARCH DEPARTMENT Ealine medium causa a severe darkening of the protein while reduoing n-fca such as SOg give a slightly lighter colored product. Proteins are oxidized by potassium permanganate in the part casein plus 4 parts KMnO^ at room temperature for several asks: H H HE -N-C-C~N-C~C~ ( (1 I !l C8 C0 0 0 E HE Me D h II & : o o HH -N-C-C-N-C-C- II/I IIH 00 00 sOzane likewise oxidized casein. J&~ " ' Selenium in cereal grain proteins can bo converted by idizing agents to a form, easily cleaned. Some selenium is alkalilabile Bib'-shown by electrodialyzing a seleniferous gluten peptized in dilute Klkali. Selenium can be removed by hydrolysis in alkaline plumbite f(n>s). ||r: : Specific Proteins "A. - Soybean Protein The adhesive strength, hydrolytio cleavage with NaOH v.and dispersion characteristic of soybean protein are interrelated, slfndenatured protein gives low adhesive values vhen dispersed in alkaline \?alts but high values when in NaOH. A mild hydrolytic treatment of Psoybean protein with NaOH will ohange the dispersibility so that it j^i.ll have good adhesive strength vjien dispersed in alkaline salts but l^.not so good as the undenatured protein dispersed in NaOH. and ZnSgCh are the best agents so far discovered ^or bleaching soybean protein. Soybean meal is known to contain lecithin, oephalin, soluble and insoluble carbohydrates, saporins, plant pignents, lignin, tannin and other substances, one of which or a bombin&tion of ; which is responsible for the color, through the processes of coacervation, absorption, oxidation or even chonical combination. 0007-SWP-044843 0007-SWP-000114213 -26- EMULSION RESEARCH DEPARTMENT Soybean alpha protein should be dispersed in borax and J^im.innia py warming to 50 C. for a few minutes. ISO oc HgO, 25 g. of itiT'ha protein, 2.5 g. BagB^ 10 HpO, and approximately 8 oc 28/ NHg "7 lust enough to give a clear disperiion) was tested to 50 C> After pooling to ro<an temperature, enough formaldehyde was added with rigorous 'stirring to react with the Jfflg forming hexamethylenetetramine and also react with and harden the protein (25 cc of 4C$ formaldehyde). The is thus lowered to 5.? - 7.0 v/ithout precipitation of the protein. This lower pH is more desirable because the nearer the pH is to the Yisc-electrib point of the protein., the lower its Kgh absorption. Alpha J&rotein galls if borax is <rJLtted0 Tri-sodium phosphate nay be used. ^2.5$ of phosphate is approximately equivalent to 5^ borax. He acetate, jja salicylate, Nd thiocyanate; Ha silicate, Ha carbonate and Ha sulfate are less effective than borax, jrfl,,; V,B, gluten Sodium salicylate is the best dispersing agent for gluten "^Dispersing power is directly proportional to concentration up to 8/S. C. Zein Zein is compatible with seme highly aoidic and alooholic f'soluble res ins o it tends to became denatured when in solvents; denatura8p;ion is accelerated by agitation the more nearly the solvent becomes "^anhydrous, while still remaining a satisfactory solvent for Zein, the s^more stable will be the solution. Highly aoid resins, like rosin, ^improve stability. A non-aqueous solution of one part by weight Zein ,,hjind two parts ofethyleno glycol with not in excess of 5J, water added pmflJces a very stable solution. : Aliphatic alcohols are best solvents. Zein is soluble ^.without water in ethylene glycol, diethylene glyool ethyl ether of jj^ethylena glycol, furfuryl alcohol and tetra-hydrofurfuryl Alcohol. It soluble also in the following: acetic aoid, lactic acid, phenol and ^alcohol or water, aromatic amines and alcohol, methyl and ethyl lactates, I;,:ketones and wator, acetone (60-SOfJ). and water, aromatic hydrocarbons sjj*.(benzene,toluene) and anhydrous alcohol, esters of hydroxy acids -;i;(lactates) and anhydrous alcohol, chlorinated hydrocarbons and aloohol, e"bhylene dichlorida, aliphatic nitro-ccsnpounds, 10JS ethylene glyool tv.* end anhydrous alcohol, aqueous solutions of alkaline materials (pH at ip'r ^0as'b H5) dispersed in water solution of fatty acids and rosin, Zein euros with formaldehyde and aoid, acetic or lactic aoid, hydrochloric acid end primary amines or HH3, formamide. Zein is compatible with rosin, Manila resin, or shellac, alcohol ester gum. 0007-SWP-044844 0007-SWP-000114214 Kriifx- . * $' _S>t*v' -27EMULSION RESEARCH DEPARTMENT 'C* Evaluation of Vehicles and Oil Conservation The following experimental Tell Oil vehicles -were evaluated -in the Tall Oil Kem-Tone formula as substitutes for V-17093: Washa- Emulsion bility ole Comments Vise,, I2_ Settling Brushing Stability _v*y. 393 Control 15 8,4 None Excellent Excellent Good -16C BaO-35^ {120) 0932F1 2|jo RA 32 'li, 09S2F2 Sf* RA 32 46 (12-8) 68 75 8.8 8.3 8.1 n V, Good V.Slight Good None V. Good 11 i,!fd r It Ecod ft Fair 0932F3 7?? RA 32 105 8.0 ,V.Slight V. Good It Fa rf . 0932F4 10?? RA 32 38 8.2 Def. V, Good n Fair -* 0932F5 15% RA 32 34 'W 0932F6 55? RA 32 39 475? London Oil 0932F7 10% RA 32 35 455? London Oil 0932F8 IE5S RA 32 33 ' 42& .London Oil 932F9 20% r a 32 34 London Oil 40??, 0932F1O 1003? T 624 60 ' -0932FIO 355? (320) 75 8.1 Def, V, Good it 8.4 Def. Good Good 8.4 Slight V. Good Excellent 8.3 Def. V. Good n 8.4 Slight 7. Good n 8.1 None V. Good it 8.2 None V. Good ti ' Fair + Good Fair + Fair -f Good Good Good Wash tests on the above vehioles are incomplete and ^brittleness of film has not been evaluated. Kem-Tone: Ohicle Comments The following Tal 1 Oil. vehioles were also evaluated in Visc. pH Emulsion Settling Brushing; Stability We shability 417093 Control 45 8.4 4624 355? RA0324 38 8,4 10931A 355? (320) 45 8.3 ,-J.0931B 355? (320) 180 7.9 *409310 355? (320) 68" 7.9 ,.-U0931E 35j? (320) 180 8.0 5 31 Rosin Ester 36| 9.25 None None None Slight Slight Slight None Excellent ;i V. Good V. Good V, Good V. Good V.- Good Excellent Gcoi V. Good V.Good V. Good Fair V. Good Good V. Good V.Good V. Good Good Excellent Good 0007-SWP-044845 0007-SWP-000114215 -28EMULSION RESEARCH DEPARTMENT Wash tests on the above vehicles are incomplete. Brittlejcs has not yet been evaluated. Flexibility tests on the Stroock end Wittenberg Pino Gum llp-and #202 showed this material to be definitely more brittle than "1624. i'-i-iBacteriological "Jor\: 1. Survey on odor end assurance of Ksm-Tone, tost batches -;V.V ' fU 338 different batches of test Kem--Tc.ie were observed on odor and appearance. The manufacturing dates ranged from 6-23-42 to i'9_43i there being 2 or 3 containers of the same test batch for the 'ter dates. 244 were classed as being good; those giving a faint iigit, preservative, pine oil, airmonia, or slight drying oil odors ere placed in this category. 127 were fair} those having strong pre servative, oxidized oil, and slight garbage odor. 17 were definitely ij'smelling of garbage or sewer. Those prepared after February 1st were good with a few OXoeptions Of the 17 definitely spoiled, 11 constituted a series of *at batches prepared in March from, a specific batch of casein solution. series, only one container did not show signs of putrefaction; * era ranged from a strong garbage odor to a sewer one; the latter odor waif,'accompanied bygenorous gas formation in the cans in all cases. 1thin that series, -6 gave the sewer odor. These 6 and one other showed ^remely low initial pH value (7.68 - 7.8), the odd one giving a garbage odor. The remaining 3 gave only garbage odors. Their initial pH was '*4..- 8.5. The six batches not in the series gave garbage odors only. The majority of batches were stored in metal cans, some ^.bottles and a few in oardboard cartons. The odor of the Km-Tone ByOred in bottles appeared to be most favorable, the metal cans seoond. im-Tcne in the latter frequently gave a slight metallic odor. The rdboard containers appeared to be least desirable for storage as all fetches thus kept showed a thick dried film on the surface and aleng the cardboard interior. Ji' .2. Ideological Study of Kam-Tone film on 3 types of carton linings :fc*-Tone Batchest 1. 65402 - C 263 E (report on odor complaint in Junes report; grossly contaminated with mold) 2# Semple #6 containing .07% Dowioide F .035% Roccal 3. Sample #3 containing .15% Dowicido F #07% Dowioide A .09% Sodium Perborate CD 0 1 A W I r* o o o sf* Rewnl (OR JtfZ A-. :% 4 n Mflv Ponar+il 0007-SWP-000114216 L -29- EMJISION RESEARCH DEPARTMENT .if;.. , Carton Types testad: A, plain, no lining, cardboard oartan B, parchment lined cardboard carton C, metallic foil cardboard carton (lined) The foil lined carton in all cases fostered no mold growth to the inability of Kem-Tone to adhere to the foil surface. The plain carton v*.s next showing no mold growth in Sample #3, one in Sample and an almost grown ever appearance in 30 days of batch C 263 E, The parchment lining Showed up the poorest, being in batch'C 263 E almost -'grown over in 15 days, showing 8 mold growths in sample #6, and none Again in sample #3, An Graduation, of the preservatives contained in the two 'samples (v/e believe batch C 263 E contains no preservatives) can also ;';be made here. Sample $3 inhibited mold growth completely; sample $6 ibut little. 3 Evaluation of preservatives First Series .1$ Toluene ,05$ toluene 1 ,05$ Dowioide F ,1$ fusel oil ,05$ " " A ,05$ Dowicide F ,1$ Dowioide F Ca3ein Blank fce 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.5 9.6 count x 1000 s bact./cc, 11 4 3 10 5 48 Primary enyl alcohol has been proven to have the greatest .toxicity on bacteria of any of those alcohols in that aliphatic series. Primary amyl is more active than iso-acyl, secondary, or tertiary forms. Fusel oil contains amyl alcohol in mostly the iso form. As we didn't have any primary acyl alcohol on hand, we experimented with fusel oil to note its effect on bacteria attacking Kem-Tone The results above caaparo with that of Dowioide F, The odor of fusel oil is quite penetrating resembling whiskey or wine and may or may not bo desirable in Kam-Tone depending on individual taste, B. Further tests on toluene-Dowioide F combination C. Seoond Series 1. Guanidone Sulfate 2# Mercury Bromide 3, Alkated Cresol 4. Puratized B2 Solid .1$ .1$ .1$ .1$ (Gen. Dyestflff) 5* * t> " .004$ 6. Sodium. Perborate . .1$ 7. Casein Blank & 7.7 7.8 7.7 9.8 8.0 7.5 6.4 Count x 1000bact./cc 1200 0 130 0 . 0 0 1500 Odor on Discarding Sower SI, Acrid Sewer Good-Faint T SI. Casein Sewer 0007-SWP-044847 -30*EMULSIO,N*.R..E. .S..E..A..R...C..H..."Di.EPA`RgTM...E..NT1 D. Further tests on Puratized Eg Solid (6, Di) At out i03jC B-> solid costs tho equivalent of .107^ Eowicides gad in Kom-Tone. B2 solid was tested for its effectiveness in the 'owing percents in casein solution: Count 1. i03?? a 0 2. iQ'Sf, 8*6 0 3. i015?? 8*6 0 4 i008?? 8.6 0 5. .004?? 8.6 0 6. .002?? 8.6 0 7. .001?? 8.6 0 8. .0005?? 8.6 0 Evaluation of S-W Exp. No. C-4 pH-24 hrs, Count x 40 bact/cc . ; 1. .1% in iff. casein soln. (orig. pH- ; 8.6) 2. .05?? 3. .025?? 4. .012?? 5. .006?? 6. .003?? 7. .0015?? 8. .0008?? 9. i0004?? 10. Casein Blank 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.5 .7,7 7,7 10,000 -f F. Evaluation of Roccal for use in Ken-Tcne 1.' Minimum effect in 5?? casein solution .,Concentration Tested '' Wt.Roopal/fot. Casein 1/5000 1/2500 1/1000 1/500 1/2S0 1/100 1/50 1/25 1/10 j 9.4 9.45 9.8 9.7 9.9 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.7 Results - plate count x 1000 - Baot/oc (blank a 100,000/ cc 92 19 17 27 2 4 4 4 0 good. Concentrations frcra Rocoal l/250 may he considered 0007-SWP-Q44848 0007-SWP-000114218 -31gMULSION RESEARCH DEPARTJ/tSNT 2, Roccal Threshold Percents of Roccal were based on the peptone content of jfjrtrient agar. Amounts of Roccal solution as t,o give desired ccoccnS^tions wore added to petri dishes prior to the addition of 10 co Jixfcrient agar, iThen hardened,,streaks using a spoiled casein solution Sere made on the surface. The plates were observed for growth in 48 jSwrs. Cone, Roccal Results .001$ .005 .01 .02 .04 .06 .08 .1 2 .3 .4 *5 1.0 Large growth !J H Less than half of .005$ plate Same growth Slight growth (also presence > of 2 mold colonies) Ho growth na The concentration of Roccal at ,06$ of the weight of peptone ^prevented entirely the growth of bacteria in this test, .06$ is equivalent feo about It 1700 protein. The method used above for the evaluation of fRoocal is expected to show better results than in the previous test in prhioh inoculated Roccal preserved casein solutions were incubated for 48 fhours and a count made of the surviving bacteria# s-- 3. Another experiment showed that the action of Hoocal was J?not effected by the pH of different media regulated with ammonia from StM to 10.1. SET/ G, Second evaluation of Kem-Tane batches containing different ' preservatives Previous tests on the following batches were made in April J ^d the results shown in the May report. t- ' Preservatives Sample 1 .15$ Dowicide P .07$ Dowioide A Sample 2 .07$ Dowioide F .07$ Dowicide A .07$ Phenol S 0007-SWP-044849 0007-SWP-000114219 ....................... 1. -32- Kmu l s io n RESEARCH DEPARTMENT Preservatives Sample 3 015$ Dowicide P .07$ Dowicide A .09$ Sodium Perforate Sample 4 .07$ Dowicide P .01$ Rocoal Sample 5 .07$ Dowicide F .02$ Rocoal Sample 6 07$ Dowicide P 035$ Roocal Sample 7 .07$ Dowicide F 055$ Roooal Sample 8 .07$ Dowicide F 07$ Rocoal Sample 9 .07$ Dowioide F .10$ Roocal ooedure Each sample was reduoed 100% and Inoculated with .5 cc of piled oasein solution (B,000,000 bact,/cc). In addition to these, ' pie 4 was reduced 200 (4b) and 300$ (4c) to test the effect of Roooal V;leaser concentrations* The first plate was made after 24 hrs. inouba- a at roctn temperature} the second 46 hrs. later. The samples were aoarded an the fifth day. i\ 24 hr.pH Count 76 hr. pH Count J2 Odor on discarding 1 8.2 2 8.2 3 8.5 4 8.4 5 8.4 e 8.4 7 8.5 8 8.5 9 8.3 4b 8.2 4c 8.3 100 7.9 800 7.8 SI. sewer gas 160 7.8 500 7.7 SI. garbage 3 8.2 9 8,0 Not spoiled 72 8.1 600 7.8 81. shellfish 71 8.0 360 7C8 n w 240 8.0 560 7.8 V.Sl. 1 8.2 700 8.0 Plat Garbage 1 8.2 700 8.0 SI. oxid. oil. 50 0 6.0 7.9 520 360 708 7.7 SI. shellfish It H 800 7.9 900 7.7 SI. sewer gas The results in comparison with those of the previous tests the exception of Sample 3 containing sodium perborate ri Preservatives in the other sample are deteriorating. The amount of ^~*<suiating material was less than previously and the samples spoiled sooner. 0007-SWP-044850 0007-SWP-000114220 ------ -33EfcftjtsttW RESEARCH dilTO perforate again showed excellent results* Additional Heat Tests on bacteria attacking Kem-Tone 200 co of (l) 5% casein solution, (2) casein solution attaining !% Dcwioide F based on the oasein content; (3) water, were 'ill inoculated. After 48 hrs, all wore heated to 160 F and plates from the samples at oertain time intervals. Count i 60 * bact./oo emp ./Time> pH - 9e 6 Xnn pH - 9.5 (2j ph - 8.6 C3; Roam Temp jjL60 F/5 iso0 F./lO 160 F./20I* 160. F./35 r. 160 F./60 f 200 8 54 43 34 24 128 10,000 9 140 18 60 15 125 71 10 200 On the following day solutions. (l) and'(2) were 57U. agaxu a w * \v/# w . solution, aon- itaining Dowicides A and 0, and inoculated. y Temp ./Time pH - 8.7 of" pH - 8.8 W'" pH - 9.0 (7J Rocm Term. '160 F./60 *160 F./90' '160 F./120' 200 6 1 1 23 63 3 11 01 01 ?B Kem-Tone Quality Control The function of this quality control unit is to maintain /ft constant check on the quality of the Kern-Tone produced by the respective /plants. Test data is referred to Kem-Tone development group and i this way, development group is kept up to date an production problems. For the quality control group to function and be of service to the respective manufacturing units, it is necessary that production samples be sent through every day. At the present time, it has been established that twenty five percent of the Kem-Tone production should be quality tested. Kem-Tone samples are checked for application oharaoteristios, emulsion stability, wt./gal, pH, viscosity and shade. 0007-SWP-044851 0007-SWP-000114221 -34- Etlttl4.jdN RESEARCH DEPARTMENT fnTO ^ Army-Navy Specification Work . . The Chicago formula for #2 Dark Breen Camouflage Paint, ^jjaecification T-1279, H 6793, was invest!gated to determine its degree Kff conformity to the revised specification, T 1279 B Preliminary work Radicates that although the present formula will not fully meet this f'ispooificatioii, comparatively minor changes will result in complete |sciformity. Same work is also being done with the Cleveland Camouflage ^Vehicle, V-19038, with the purpose of having the most satisfactory Available formulation ready for manufacture on any future orders reft-eived for this type of material. Considerable work has been done on suitable emulsifying pLgents for use in the'zinc chromate primer U3ed in same of the West jCoast airoraft plants, particularly Lockheed. The present status of jj&kis investigation shows some promise and work is to be continued,. ^Specialties Primarily the problem assigned was a development of a (compound based on a resin-emulsion type of material, which would be a ^prepared paste purohased by the consumer, ready for use. Experimental scouting with formulations involving inert |?pignents and protein-ester gum emulsion binders showed that because 'iof the high volatile shrinkage of the dried compounds was serious, g,and that drying itself took excessively long (several days). As those JvOQmmercial preparations presently available dry in at most four hours, phavo little shrinkago, end cost in the neighborhood of 25 cents per Ifpound, they offer very stiff competition in the light of present 'knowledge of resin-emulsion pastes for spaohtling use, .. The base material of most patching compounds is oalcium ^sulfate rCCaSO^g^O] made by oaloining gypsum until 3/4 of the water jffiof hydration is lost. They harden by again forming the hydrated oalcium || sulfate, a reaction which liberates heat and can be either accelerated V or retarded by certain addition compounds. Speeding of set can be accomplished by the addition of small amounts of soda ash, common salt, or sodium sulfate, 'Hotarding can be obtained through small in- elusions of glue, ' albumen, tankage, wheat paste, hair solubilized with caustic soda, vinegar and dextrine. We have found in addition . that casein, methyl cellulose, (KH4)gC0_, (HH.) C2H?j 0.;) sodium cellulose glycolate and oament affect the time or set. we have 'good evidence to believe that any water soluble protective colloid such as starch, Keltex, soap, etc, will cause a retarding action. 0007-SWP-044852 0007-SWP-000114222 EMULSION RESEARCH DEPARTMENT Caloium sulfate will set by'itself in from 5 to 7 minutes to form a hard, stony, unworkable material, but by inolusion of the above variety of materials, sot can be postponed almost indefinitely, due in some oases to protective colloidal aotion, Kowc.ver, if very much more than 1% of many of the above materials are added, shrinkage becomes increasingly great and the patching compound bee ones 7?orthless heoausu of crack development upon drying* It has been suggested that a form of ''Swedish Putty" might he made by the admixture of reduced Kam-Tone and a patching plaster whose main constituent might be plaster-of-paris. Two difficulties ensue from the above course. One, the set is postponed for at least twenty four hours, and two, the shrinkage of the dried material is bo great that there i3 danger of the patch falling out of the repaired crevice after througjh drying". The original problem of a resin emulsion plastic patching putty is not to be considered abandoned, but that at presont a formula tion based upon plaster-of-paris is both more economical to produce and more satisfactory for use. Accordingly, tests were conducted cm a number of commercially available spachtling compounds to evaluate those materials in relation to one another and select one or two having the greatest number of desirable characteristies. Among; those tested were United States Gypsums 1 K Cemo Primer, Reardon's Resurfo, Anderson's Crack Filler, Acmo's Spachtling Compound, and Plastic Patch, Shrinkage of the compounds was tested by filling small brass rings about one inch in diameter, and noting after thorough drying the "fit" of the cimpound within the ring. Test No, Material Shrinkage Condition 1 Savogran Very Slight 2 Anderson's None 3 Acme Slight 4 F.eardon Yorf Slight 5 Plaster of Paris Nano S Plastic patch Slight 7 Corfeu Slight From practical application tests, Savogran and Anderson's were considered to be tho best from outside sources, with Savogran having slight preference. Savogran and Anderson's material show a fairly short period of workability of from 10 to 12 minutes before sot, Cerfex and 0007-SWP-044853 0007-SWP-000114223 -56- EMULSION RESEARCH DEPARTMENT lastic Patch showed the longest period of workability, which was in exOOBs of ono hour. Directions on the label show that the working time of Savogran can be extended to one hour by adding a teaspoon of vinegar to impound of 3paohtlo Bnploying plaster-of-paris as a base constituent, a con siderable number of formulations were made. As was previously stated, it was found that many materials othor than those commonly used would appreciably alter the speed of tho setting,, and of these, most attention was given'to hide glue and Ammonium Acetatej Samples were made by ticro-pulverizing methyl cellulose and caloium sulfate and'also hide' lue and calcium sulfate.. Samples with only two materials, as shown,, evidenced objectionable shrinkage. By carrying the peroent of hide glue .to.'4$, equivalent time of set to Plastic Patch oan be obtained, but hrinkage then becomes excessive. Later experimental batches showed that with 1% of glue, ).% of Ammonium Acetate, and 2% of Bentonite Clay with the remainder plaster-of paris that w b could actually show a swelling of the hardened product and a working time .of one hour, jf tho clay was omitted, there Was a slight shrinkage in volume upon setting. Cement and calcium hydroxide were also inoluded as possible agents for improvement of adhesion and setting time with the results not dooisive cn adhesion inorease but definite on retardation Of set and increased shrinkage. There are indications that all present formulations may7, too hard with consequent brittleness and improvement possible with .^the inclusion of a substance having some reinforcing characteristics. jWood flour was a possibility and additions from 1($ on down were made <wi,th 1055 found to be greatly in excess, (no hardness at all in the eat material). The following formula looked good end was compared in Arnumber- of tests with oommercial compounds: 100 -- Plaster-of-Paris 2 Wood Filler 2 - Bentonite Clay 1 m Ammonium Acetate 1 - Hide Glue 377 SW-32 1441-D It failed only on adhesion to glossy painted surfaces and W-s lacking in cohesive power. It is a point from which progross may be made. No work was dona on tho following: #175 - Blackout and Camouflage Paints #155 #174 _ - TVallpaper Evaluation Oleoresinous Wrinkle Varnishes 0007-SWP-044854 0007-SWP-000114224 M. VjtN LOO Cont TTurabi 1 i tv Studies of Zinc Sulphide Pigment Combinations stp* . Panels 7534-6 C and Cof. were prepared to repeat previous exposures ffcryptone MS-loO/lead titanate/magnesium silicate paint in the 1942 tint ftion. series study, which showed extremely baa fading in Coffeyville and jtgo after only a few months' exposure. The pigmentation showing this ialous fading was approximately 75$ Cryptone M3-150/l0$ lead titanate/ agnesium silicate. This repeat test should determine whether any errors in tire original grind. Sfl>- Studies of Dark Colored House Paints W:<.' ' Drying tests were made at 10-1/2 months on storage samples of the Rowing dark colored bouse paints, mentioned in previous monthly reports. 31 Ka7S^,:; SISPiModern Brown ZnDx- as 25# 414 W u hours 40 minutes 6 hours gKPl Modern Broivn JoiZnO 4 n 50 " S" jjflr*;.;French Green toO'as 2h# 414 V7 fc:' 3%s?rench Green 5 n 30 11 7 TI 30 " 8" 45 " Acetone insoluble determinations were run on films exposed six pi's. Results were: At 6 Weeks tit 6 Months 1. above - 29.6$ loss in weight 2. " - 50.5$ " "" 5. 11 - 32.4$ " "" 4.- " - 35.4$ " " 25.3$ loss in weight 22-2$ " " " 29.1$ " " " 23.3$ l! " " The value of ZnO in French Green in preventing loss of drying is 27;.evident. Its effect is not noticeable, however, in SNP Modern Brown. ? .... . Vt'ith respect to acetone soluble determinations, we are at loss to os T <^-Ve<:'6'encieB in determinations at 6 weeks and 6 months, except on the baS;*-3 iilnc soap formation. If this is the case, acetone soluble ,1= emulations on the :rim will be valueless as a check on sol-gel ratios as ion of exposure time, since the solubility of the zinc soaps will off tho determination. 0007-SWB-044855 0007-SWP-000114225 -5- ff. -ffrvj.grior Primers M. VAN LOO Cont. An extensive series of panels (5800-50 C)- testing various substi- -for shellac for sealing knots were examined after 1 months' exposure at -q . One series consists of 811 x 12" x 3/4" panels exposed 60 south, with "extensive series on beveled siding vertical south. Ihc wood used was J^gc&ae "green" yellow pine such as was used on some cantonment buildings, hirpose of the exposure was to find a substitute for shellac to prevent -'taining, blistering, cracking, and peeling of paint around knots. The test materials included (a) White Lhellac 02759, (b) aluminum 9? .''with Lowe Brothers' vehicle L 2910, (c) harvelac, 2-1/2# cut, (c) lead primer using both (2985) A lOQSphenolic 2600 dry tung-linseed varnish iRV 2248 modified phenolic V 13150 Dehydrol varnish as vehicles. The top rin most cases was flex 27609 Lead-zinc paint TT-P-36a Type II Class E, Jffew tests using SWP Gloss White, Rex 63402 Exterior Paint Type 2 Cream iTe.Quartermaster Corps, specification 8000-E, end a special cream canton[|paint FN 22-3 pigmented with '20% zinc oxide, 15.5% lead sulphate, 18.5% /carbonate, 25% lead titanate, and 25% magnesium silicate. A special Vftiaer prepared for the Southern States Federation was also used. A feature of the teste were special exposures on the beveled pine g in which saw cuts were made vertically across the center of the face *Cb test section and guise, for the purpose of allowing moisture to enter, speeding up the weathering process. Shellac proved to be best, aluminum primer and -tile Metalead primers Ipa Murvelac definitely poorest. The failures ranged from almost comjvfliking away of the paint on tile unsealed controls and some of the Hgp 'panels to almost perfect protection with shellac. In a few cases, ^ hum primer shows no failures. The Federation Primer showed up well in dental tests. ,t>. Several samples of sulphur chloride treated oils similar to Bilinco submitted by the Varnish Keseach Division. The samples varied in the ^J*s (519) added and in the agent used to arrest the action of the sul- ..jjChloride. The sample of Bilinco 101 used appeared to be slower in drying |previous receipts. One of the expei'imen tal samples, 10-C, equalled ..,.co 101 on set-vo~touch, was slightly more tacky during the drying period, js,was harder over night. Tile other experimental samples were slower to set. '7v^OP'a~ tests iri.ll be run using oiher samples of Bilinco 101. 62 - 6tudiP.. Flat Viall Paint Formulation V-flat Wall Paints Considerable time has been spent on the development of a Flat-Tone a tint base formula using rutile titanium calcium and a nonrutidg highly bodied "neutralized" oil vehicle patterned after Lowe ers' V-79id. v 11152 has been assigned to this vehicle, although the hfldi formula may still be subject to tome revision to correct some aefi^cies in the paints. 0007-SWP-044856 0007-SWP-000114226 -fi ll!. VAN LOO Cont. Because of the high poundage of anatase titanium calcium pigment to introduce the necessaryh_uiiig,excessive consistencies result, of the higher opacity rutile titanium calcium pigment permits somewhat kse in opacity with satisfactory body, and effects a saving of aptely 4-1/2/ per gallon. If present opacity is satisfactory, further ons in cost are possible. If present difficulties with boaying in the and excessive pull under the brush can be solved there is a prospect g able to operate with a rutile titanium calcium pigmentation with ting tendencies equal to or less than lithepone-zinc sulphide. Several Tall Oil samples were submitted by the Resin Research Departunder the numbers RA 509, 591, and 592, for evaluation as flat wall paint cles. In general the tall oil vehicles did not dry-well over night but _quite hard in 48 hoars. RA 569 was best from the standpoint of drying, all produced thin body and lacked flow and "feel" under the brush. 609, a 4% calcium soap of refined tall oil, also produced a paint which, ikied too freely, lacked flow, and was deficient in color. The washability poor. 7 Semi-Lustre V.ork on this project during the month consisted of the completion of tests on the Semi-Lustre formulations back to 1925. It was felt that in Cral the post-war Semi-Lustre should possess a higher degree of washability. the whites the formula, of 12-2-41 employing (6138), long oil maleic alkyd, * the best wash test, while in the tints, the formula of 5-27-42 based on modified phenolic varnishes (841)G and (2343)G showed the best perfomi.in this respect. Work continues particularly along the lines of an formulation for post-war usage. -Metal Protective Paints We have received a sample of ferrous Ammonium Phosphate for evaluaas to rust imnibitive properties. A report vb.ll be made as soon as ts are available. The panels in the zinc chromate-iron oxide-magnesium silicate series, were described, briefly in the May report, have been withdrawn after 910 rs 2/C salt spray. It will be recalled that each component was studied increments in all combinations in the' three component diagram. The oleoresinoaa, similar to Kronik, since the work is directed toward gr svoluticsu of a post-war trade sales zinc chromate primer. , . --is evident that in such detailed studies extreme care must be ar- to suspend every panel precisely vertical to avoid uneven condensation ftiack by tile spray. While there are a very few anomalies in the present ^-eiies due t0 this cause, in general rather consistent results indicate ^Certain conclusions: 0007-SWP-044857 0007-SWP-000114227 -17- gviULEIOI'l RESEARCH DEPARTMENT yj Emulsion Binder Paints - t. Wettihg and Emulsifying Agents . The following wet,ting agents were evaluated in the (2398)R - corn 4ln formula. Wetting Agent If Control GPX 454 B-5--D B-7-D Brushing Good Very good Good Good Emulsion Stability Excellent Very good Excellent Very good Settling Defini te Definite Definite alight < The above wetting agents were also evaluated in the Tall Oil formula, gilts are given below. Wetting Agent Brushing Emulsion Stability Settling Control CPX 454 B-6-D ft. B-7-D Very good Excellent Good Very good Excellent Very good Very good Excellent Definite Definite Definite Slight ^Literature Purvey on Wetting Agents Condensation products of p-hydroxy benzoic acid - 2,264,358. compound selected from the group consisting of 4-hydroxyybenzoic acid and its `ers in which, at least one of the H atoms ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl groups replaced by a non-aromatic tertiary amino methyl group. Alkylated aromatic sulphcnic acids - 2,268,140. A mixture of alkyJ.S: sulphonic acids containing in the molecule at least one alkyl radical ected from the class consisting of propyl, butyl and amyl radicals end at Bt one alkyl radical selected from the class consisting of isohexyl, isoJtyl and iso-octyl radicals. Jft Condensation products and process of preparing them - 2,268,126. ocess which comprises condensing a comp, selected from the group cons, of ^Ps having one of the gen.- formulae: CHpCl N. / and Ar /\ OH CHgCl \/ AR y erein Ar is a member of the group cons, of aromatic hydrocarbon radicals 9td substituted, aromatic hydrocarbon radicals, Rj_ is an alkyl radical of at 3 KjdiaSELg and aralkyl radicals and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radicals,; 1 V: U 0007-SWP-044858 0007-SWP-000114228 -18- Emulsion Research Department _____ Cont. Sf Coni. g-'a member of the group cons, of 11, alkyl radicals of at least 5 C atoms, "%Hradicals, ana cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radicals with an aliphatic .-hydroxyl comp. containing at least 3 hydroxyl groups. Process which ^flses reacting the condensation comp, containing aliphatic radicals sub'"te'd by hydroxyl groups with a sulfonat.ing agent. Wetting agent - 2,271,707. C<,v a 5 Water soluble salt of formula ^'0,- C,, He 4`.; Terpene Esters - 2,272,400. New terpene comp, having the type la fi (COCK1 Zw) y in which H is a radical of the terpene polyhydric alcohol, J?ia hydrocarbon radical, in which Z is a negative group and w and y are Iwhole nos. (A t-erpin di thiocyanoacylate.) r Substituted aromatic aliphatic ether chlorides and process t5<622. Reacting by heating in the presence of a surface active siliceous ether chloride of formula fi' (0-A)n Cl. R' is an aryl nucleus, a group sel. from the class of alkylene rad. having a chain of at least ..atoms and poly&lfcylene ether rad. having at least 2 C atoms in each alkyl5group and n is less than 8 and a member of the group cons, of unsat. and 5?*y substituted higher carboxylic acids and esters sel. from aliphatic, J^-fphatic and hydroarylaliphatic series. . Sulphonated organic compounds as capillary active media - 2,283,437. .phonation product of a saturated organic compound containing at least 12 ffiS, 2 carbon rings and 1 free hydroxyl group joined to one of the rings. Guanyl urea salts of mono&lkyl esters of sulphuric acid - 2,286,364. Sting together dicyanaiamide, H2S04 and a mem. of the grp. cons, of prim. sec. alcohols. A guanyl urea alkyl hydrogen sulphate of the formula: WO 13 C_ - Nt o A-o R N O 0007-SWP-044859 0007-SWP-000114229 -19- Emulsion Research Department _Conti Gout- jr'ft s aw aliphatic hydrocarbon radical. Wetting agent - 2,214,051. Coup, of matter cons, of a salt of a suljd condensation product of a petroleum solvent extract obtained by treatS'petroleuK hydrocarbons with a preferential solvent having a selectivity for Srocarbons of the nature of that exhibited by liquid 802 and an olefenic arbon. Acid amides as wetting agents - 2,215,984. Reacting a compound Toted from the grp. cons, of comps, having one of the general formulae: A. 0. R. CO 0 and A. 0. RCO Cl A. 0. Rx. CO A = member of group cons, of aromatic and hydroaromatic hydrocarbon Teals subs, in the nucleus at least once by a. hydrocarbon radical of at b'.4 C atoms. = member of group cons, of aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals whose chain is interrupted by 0, with a corap. of the'general formula: ^3 >N - R2Y J5$>, R Sre R2 is a member of a group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals, j s b C chain is interrupted by 0, cycloaliphatic, aliphatic aromatic and amatic hydrocarbon radicals, R3 is a member of a group consisting of hydrogen, iphatic, cycloaliphatic, aliphatic aromatic and aromatic hydrocarbon radicals, lira member of a group consisting of OSO^te and S03tee, Me being a member of a oup consisting of alkali metals., NH4 and the radical NH*- in which at least ydrogen, at most 3 Hydrogens are substituted. vV . _ Aminohydroxy compounds - 2,215,038. A process which comprises react- 5g^2-amino-2-methy1-1,3-propanediol with diethyl carbonate to form a urethane. Jkifc gfeh Products of high wetting power from aliphatic ketones - 2,218,660. _ itroducing at least one of the groups selected from the class cons.' of ^SOaH and - g - S03 H groups into an aliphatic ketone having 11 - 17 C atoms i,"the molecule, the alkyl groups of which contain at least 5 C atoms. Jj-fes Sulphcnatea high molecular alcohol - 2,227,659. Water soluble pro- intended as wetting, cleansing and emulsifying agent comprising a sulphona- gsion product of a mixture of alcohols obtainable by hydrogenating products from fth deStrUctive oxidation of difficultly volatile aliphatic hydrocarbons in liquid phase by means of a gaseous oxidising agent containing free oxygen. 0007-SWP-044860 0007-SWP-000114230 -20- bmulsion Research Department Cont. _________ Allcyl substituted betisone sulphonates - 2,252,117. Mixture of water Ksalts of nono-sulphonated alirylated benzene comps, obtained by alkylat- excess of a hydrocarbon-of the series boiling within a range of 4 C. with a fixture of hydrocarbon polymers distilling within the ijjf approximately 145 - 225 C. and comprising mostly aliphatic mono- j^':and small amounts of depolymerieable polymer olefins separating from dated products.a mixture of alkylated benzene hydrocarbons having ''group with the same number of C as that contained in an olefin boiling grange of 145 - 225 C. monosulphoaating the said separated mixture of benzene hydrocarbons and converting the mixture of sulphonic acid fjia ter-soluble salts. ^.Setting and dispersing agent - 2,236,298. A modifying composition ts, varnishes, etc. consisting of a nan-aqueous homogeneous solution pLeaSt one substantially water-insoluble neutralization product being the interaction of at least one acid selected from the group conlof naphthenic acid, linaeic acid, oleic acid, abietic acid, benzoic luroic acid, salicylic acid, isopropyl-methyl-endoethylene-tetrahydro c'acid, with at least one acid neutralizing agent selected from the Jonsisting of cobalt, Zn, Ba, cadmium, Ca, Cr, cerium. Mg, strontium and i;the water-soluble .neutralization product being formed by the inter" -at least one acid selected from the group consisting of naphthenic oleic acid, oleic acid, and abietic acid, with at least one acid neuig agent selected from the group consisting of Na, K, lithium and .Condensation products of hydrolized protein material and their _ __.re'. - 2,183,056. The products essentially comprising a mixture of amino lie ;.acids obtainable by totally hydrolyzing protein materials, said amino lie being acylated with high molecular aliphatic sulfo-acid radicals Vfrojn the group consisting of sulfonic acid radicals and eulfaminic cals. kilfonic derivatives - 2,184,770. Chemical compounds corresponding ^general formula R0 - (alk - HY)m - Co - Z (X) w wherein R is an ;0^radical containing at least 4 carbon atoms, - allt and Z are each members sd-.fron the class cons, of hydrocarbon radicals and substitution products is a member of the group cons, of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, - ! i, aralkyl, aryl and alkylol, m and w are whole numbers and X is a sul' radical, Sulphonsted aliphatic compounds - 2,127,567. Reacting a fatty material ,cl3. cons, of fatty' oils and fatty acids w. a derivative of isobutylene class cons, of beta-methyl glycerine and beta methyl glycidol and ,ter treating the prod, with fuming H2504. 0007-SWP-044861 0007-SWP-000114231 -21- Emulsion Research Department Cont,_______ , Sulphonating and sulpha ting olefins - 2,135,358. Gulfuric reaction cts by treating on olefin with the reaction product of S03 with dioxane. 1 Getting agent - .,136,379. A sulphuric acid derivative of a fatty diester of a glycol. iSulphonated alkylated diphenyl compounds and salts thereof ,35,973. A polyalkylated, polysulphonated diphenyl compound which comprises ting substantially one molecular proportion of an aromatic compound coa ling a- diphenyl nucleus, the nuclear H atoms of which where substituted arc laced by a member of the group consisting of the nydroxyl group and halogen S, with an excess over two molecular proportions of an aliphatic alcohol an excess of fusing sulphuric acid over that required to theoretically proice .two sulphouic acid, groups at a temperature below 0 C. raising the temp, "complete the sulphonation and isolating the polyalkylated polysulphonated compound. Sulphation of chlorhydrins - 2,139,669. Reaction product of at least 3i;atoE8 comprising essentially a neutralized chlorhydrin ester, said ester 'formed by sulpha ting at a temperature not over about 25 C. a chlorhydrin from olefins having at least 6 C atoms per molecule. Sulphuric acid derivatives of organic acid amines - 2,139,037. with sulphonating agents, amides having at least one group capable being sulphonated, of the general formula ZX.R.HX, where R is selected from |group consisting of aliphatic carbonyl groups cont. not more than 3 C iss and aliphatic sulphonyl groups cont. not more than 3 C atoms; X is a nontallic, polyvalent atom of the group consisting of oxygen, sulphur, and combined with at least one hydrocarbon. Group % cont. not more than atoms and NX is an amido group substituted by at least one higher nonatic hydrocarbon radical X containing at least 6 C atoms. High molecular glycols and esters thereof - 2,133,917. Oxidizing er molecular olefin-1 having 8 or more C atoms in the molecule into a gher molecular glycol-1, 2 while the former is in Solution in a low aliphatic with the aid of heat for a period necessary to complete the glycol formaon and saponifying to produce free glycol. Petroleum sulphonyl chlorides - 2,142,934. Mixture of sulphonyl Efr-orides of the aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons contained in a |P2trleuiii fraction composed primarily of molecules having not less than 12 .8.toms. m ,, Secondary alkyl monosulphonates - ,142,162. Secondary alkyl monoppulphonates containing less than 17 C atoms in which at least 10 C atoms are a straight chain having the general formula: H in which R and R' iy-6 saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals K-C-R' containing at least ;j carbon atoms and X represents a sulphonate group.X 0007-SWP-044862 0007-SWP-000114232 -22 idr.uision Research Department ____ Cont.___ ___ Ter tiary alkylaryloxy alkyl sulphates - 2,143,759. A corip. of the fforffi. A-R-O-R' in vhich k represents a tertiary alkyl group of at least 8 Jms. fi is an aromatic nuci eus; R^ is an aliphatic radical containing an -group wherein K is a met;. of the grp. cons, of H, the alkali metals and flMnonium radical. Condensation product of Halogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Sgjycerides - 2,144,524. Cc: idensation product of a triglyceride of an alijjtic. carboxylic acid cont. a : least 10 C atoms in the molecule with a compound fileted from the group consis .ing of mono-, di-, and tri-halogen substituted iftic hydrocarbons. Aliphatic arainomethane sulphinic acids and their salts - 2,146,280. .tic air.inone thane sulphinates of the formula RR'NCHgoOaM in which R is an phatic radical of 4 or more C atoms, R' represents a member of the group cen tring of hydrogen anc lower alkyl radicals and M stands for a member of the fqpTconsisting of K and a salt forming group, from the group consisting of aasnonij\aiksli metals, alkaline earth metals, zinc, sat. aliphatic amines, aniline '`tjpyridine. Water-soluble, capillary active sulphonates - 2,148,432. . Water soluble Iphbnates which in the acidic form have the general formula R-R'-0-A-803H in Ichft is a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical, R' is a radical selected from bjjf|benzene and naphthalene and A is a polyalkylene ether radical in which each jftene group contains at least 2 C atoms. jfjjgfy Sulphcusted terpene products and methods - 2,148,087. A sulphonated duct which includes reacting with a suiphonating agent a mixture of a.polymerjed;! terpene and an aromathe compound selected from the group consisting of hols, crcsols and phenols. (gg;;:-.. `Water soluble salts of amiotinss and derivatives thereof - 2,147,401. ilores of acid addition salts of amidines containing at least 1 addition salt jgfhe formula ... -z N fl wherein R means a member of the consisting of dT ~ C yf /(<_ aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals of ||least 11 C atoms and x -i cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radicals; ^and Rg stand for a member of ther\3 group consisting of H and aliphatic ydrocarbon radicals; Ac means an acid and at least one addition salt of the 8*ula: Nh R-C N .wherein R means a member of the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals; ft2 and R3 stand for a member of the group consisting of H and aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals, Ac means an acid. Preparation of isophorones - 2,148,103. A process for preparing sophorones containing at least 15 C atoms which comprises heating and sat. gr*yl mono-ketone having a methyl group directly attached to the carbonyl group least 1 H atom attached to the<- C atom of the other alkyl group and 0007-SWP-044863 0007-SWP-000114233 -23- Emulsion Research Department Cont. _____________ g at least 5 C atoms in the molecule w, a member of the group consisting loxide, hydroxide, amide end alkoxide of an alkali metal, at a temperature 1200 C. so as to split out water. . Mineral oil sulphonates - 2.149,661, Composition of matter characterits ability tc act as a detergent and as a wetting agent in aqueous 'tions by a substantial absence of color end odor torn in its dry font end ueous solutions - preparable by fractionally distilling and' solvent extrad ural oil so as to produce a material boiling around 210 - 250 C. at 6 mm pure, said solvent extraction being performed by the use of a preferential * t which tends to dissolve certain constituents of the oil of an unsaturatei including those of aromatic nature and thereafter treating the material, $"in solution in liquid S02, with a sulphonating agent. 3asic Derivatives of fatty acids - 2,149,527.m Process for new basic natives of fatty acids, comprising the steps of condensing a hydroxyalkylamir.e j&body selected from the group consisting of , glycerineaicklorhydrine ;epichlorhydrine, heating the hydroxylated polyamines thus obtained vrith a 5|elected from the group consisting of fatty acids containing at least 8 C IVand of their esters, to a temperature of 100 - 250o C. and transforming [tesic compounds thus obtained into their acid addition salts. Process for preparing wetting agent3 - 2,153,286. Cracking a paraffinic H.eum fraction selected fi'om too group consisting of petrolatum and paraffin (.provide a cracked fraction containing a mixture of olefins having more _ | C atoms per molecule, reacting the`said mixture of olefins with a strong pganic polybasic acid and neutralising the resulting mixture of alkyl acid tives of said acid. Sulphoftated organic compounds - 2,154,922. Producing an imidazoline tituted in the imino group which comprises causing an imidazoline having ^position an aliphatic radical of at least 7 C atoms to react with a member _e group consisting of aliphatic halogen-hyaroxy-sulphonic acids and gen-bydroxy-sulphuric acid esters, hydrogen halide being eliminated. \v Amino acid derivatives ,155,707. As new; products, the amino-acid i.of the general formula ^ R n - 1, 2, 3; R- ich ^ represents a rad. sel, fr. the grp. cons, of sat. and unsat. L radicals of high mol. wt. cont. more than 6 C atoms; R' represents a 'V6"*"* ?V' cons, of cycloalkyl, aralkyl and aryl; R2 repres. a rad. iic. the |jrp. cons, of Hx aliphatic, araliphatic, hydroaromatic, radicals, a.represents a rad. sel. fr. the grp. cons, of aliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic and aromatic radicals and the salts and quaternary ammonium s. of the said amino acid amides. 0007-SWP-044864 0007-SWP-000114234 \ X. 1 -24- Emulsion .Research. Department Cont.__________ _ Sulphated aliphatic ethers - 2,155,899. A stable chem. substance by the gen. form: f 0 -i therein ft is an alkyl grp, X pg-g, the residue of an K-O-X j-0-8-0-j l'v aliphatic polyhydroxy, subst. of igS cons, of glycerol, " 0 "!w polyglycerols, glycols, poly- tls, hydroxy-carboxylic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and acid derivatives "^sugars, which links together the alkyl radical with the sulphate group; Y ir tion and tv and v are small whole numbers, at least one. Detergent and wetting compositions - 2,156,996. A wetting agent coma mixture of a water soluble alkyl sulfate having 8-18 C atoms in the rad. and a water-sol. salt of a true sulfonic acid corresponding to the `ora: R-C0-X-R1-S02-0H in which R denotes an aliphatic rad. having 8-18 C and denotes an oxyalkylene or an amino alkylene rad. the ratio sulfonate to alkyl sulfate being not greater than 3 to 2 but such that 'solutions of said mixture are characterised by greater wetting power than redictable from the corresponding characteristics of the respective ingre- Oxiaes of amino acids - 2,159,967. Ne7/ products of the formula wherein Rx and R2 represent a rad. sel. fr. the grp. cons, of aliphatic and cyclo ALiphatic rads and ft5 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical cont. an acidic grp. and at least 1 of the radicals rep. by R;i, and R3 he .s a chain length of at least 8 carbon atoms. C--aliphatic isocyclic amines ii-substituted by oxyaliphatic radicals 61;322.Containing essentially at least once the grp. of the gen. formulas 'I-'Ri stands for a men of ic grp. cons, of K, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, 0-- aralkyl, oxyalkyi, pel; yozyialkyl and polyglycoether radicals. Rg is a mem. of the grp. cons, of oxyalkyi, polyoxyalkyl, and polyglycolether radicals, tire N atom being directly linked to an isocyclic carbon radical of the grp. cons, of a phenyl, naphthyl, cyclohexyl, and trahyaronaphthyl raa. substituted ut least once by -an aliphatic radical '"'ling a saturated chain with at least 4 C atoms. Sulfuric acid 'derivatives of alkyl phenols - 2,162,269. Reacting gether di-isobutylene or other polymers having a mol. vt. above 100 and pro 's^ from gaseous olefins, with phenols or triphencls in the presence of a fng polybasic inorg. acid such as H2604 sufficient to form acid derivatives resulting alkyl phenols. Sulfuric acid derivatives of polyicobutylene - 2,160,343. To produce *-- fUc*'s such, as a mixture of Jetrai sobutane sulfa-tes and tetraisobutane hydroxy --pounttaeteess,, ttetraisobutylene is treated vlth S03 or H2804 (suitably at - 10). wisotwtyigne may be similarly sulfated ana the product obtained are suit- for use s wetting agents. 0007-SWP-044865 0007-SWP-0001 -25Emulsion Research Department Alkyl-substituted aromatic sulfonic acids - 2,161,175. Wetting agents essentially a mixture of monosulfonated alkylated benzene compds. by introducing Cl into an excess of a Kerosene fraction cons, of parahydrocarbons, the major proportion of which is hecane, undecane, e, and tridecane and having a distg. range of 160 - 245, so as to a preponcierent proportion of alkyl monochlorides, employing the alkyl .ides as an alkylation medium by condensing therewith an aromatic hydroof the benzene series and sulfonating the alkylated benzene compounds. The primary factors influencing the selection of the proper wetting Type of wetting required. Rate of wetting required. Temperature used. Economical concentration. Hardness of water. Presence of other chemicals. pH of agent or bath. fg|ij. "Spreading" wetting depenus -upon lowering ths interfacial tension "".' the surface to be wet and water, while penetration wetting .depends hat upon this and also upon other factors, which govern the rate of peneStiVof a porous material. The effect of temperature upon v;etting is one of the most important irs 'in the selection of the proper wetting agent or penetrant. - "With many ng agents, the temperature of maximum efficienty is frequently just above jgloud point. The selection of an economical wetting agent depends mainly ^he fact that various wetting agents are affected differently by dilution, rally speaking, a small change in the concentration of a fairly concentrated tidn of wetting agent makes very little difference. With increasing dilu^.faaall reduction in concentration greatly affects the wetting pov/er until ftht is reached beyond which the wetting agent is of little or no value. >ter greatly affects the activity of soap and other wetting agents which 1 contain free - COOH groups. Extreme cloudiness or slight precipitation, 3j. hard water usually results in the deposition of insoluble materials on uiber. The braves test is considered the best for lab evaluation of wetting l*-s> The method consists essentially of finding the concentration of wetting v. is required to cause the sinking of a 5 g. skein of unboiled, gray, cotton yarn in a standard period of time when the slein carrying a hook cf ,, ard weight is beneath the surface of the wetting solution by a heavier jj*t called the anchor. The value of the concentration to cause sinking in 0007-SW P-044866 0007-SWP-000114236 -26- Emulsion Research Department _________ Cont.______ _____ ,ard time is obtained by interpolation from a curve plotted from averues of sinking times determined with known concentrations of wetting Wetting, dispersing, fearning, and cleansing agent - German 692,925. 'lee-alar alicyclic amines are converted with halogen&ted carboxylic acids, one or more exchangeable halogens, or their anhydrides, into a halogengcld amide. The latter is sulfonated and may or may not be oxidized. The roduct corresponds to the general formula: HR'ECO .R"( S03H)x where R is a lecular hydrocarbon radical of the alicyclic series. R' is H or like R" or low molecular hydrocarbon radical. These may contain also hydroxyl is the number of sulfonic acid radicals and is usually 1 or 2, g on the number of exchanged halogens. JvVtater-soluble polyalkylated phenolic sulfonic acid derivatives. .|257,063. In the process of preparing water soluble poly-alkylated c'lsulfonic acid derivatives, the step of reacting an alkylatinggcompound elgroup consisting of olefines and alcohols containing 7 to 20 carbon wih mono-alkyl phenols containing a side chain of 4 - 6 carbon atoms and "presence of concentrated sulfuric acid which is employed in greater than Ac; proportions whereby sulfonation results, y ;/ :<.Derivatives of amino alcohols - U. S. 2,256,528. Chemical compounds the' formula cl:^z3-C -NH-CH2-Ciiz-0-C-CH2-CH-C00X wherein I is a cation 'f$v o go y d''from the group consisting of alkali metals, ammonia, and ethanolumines, w-- ^Sulfonic compounds for use as detergents, etc. - U. S. 2,236,541. cess of preparing chemical compounds which comprises reacting the methyl .f^chloracetic acid with monoethanoiamine, in a substantially non-aqueous temperatures of about -10 degrees C. to about + 10 degrees C. to 6t >?sen-tially R-beta-hydroxy-ethfd, cbloracetamide, then reacting said ralauroyl-chloride to produce'"the lauric acid ester of said amide, and icting said compound with an alkali metal sulphite whereby the chlorine Sfothe lauric acid ester of the N-beta-hydroxyethyl, chloracetamide is a sulphonic group. j$f ,, Esters of hydroxy polycarboxylic acid derivatives - U. S. 2,236,516. 5.S3 of preparing new chemical compounds which comprises reacting an alcohol aS at least four caTbon atoms with a carboxylic acid ester of an aliphaPoly carboxylic acid anhydride. 'r/. from water soluble to water-dispersible chemical compounds comprising toh ^rocructs of carboxylic acid esters of aliphatic hydroxy polycarboxylic pP?ydridos and a member selected from the group consisting of higher ar weight aliphatic partial ethers and partial esters of aliphatic 0007-SWP-044867 0007-SWP-000114237 -27- Eraulsion Research Department Cont. _____ ydroxy substances, the higher molecular weight aliphatic radical containing east 8 carbon atoms. Nitrogenous compounds - 2,239,706. Chemical compounds corresponding ie ; general formula: q_ O T R-c,,.6 )o c -z ( ui Wy Srein R-C is an acyl radical containing at least lour carbon atoms, 1 and X" safie or dissimilar members selected from the group consisting of hydro alkyl, cycloalkyl, and alkylol, or.j is an organic residue containing at V tvro carbon atoms, % is the residue of a polycarboxylic acid, A is an anion, ;5(1) a member selected from the group consisting of NHR1 where R1 is hydro power alkyl hydroxy-alkyl or cyclo alkyl or (2) OY There Y is a cation, palkyl cycloalkyl or an aliphatic polvhydric alcohol radical, m and a are ..''whole numbers, and at least one of the three indicated valence bonds ed to nitrogen is satisfied by a radical of the class consisting of ps, cyclo alkyls, alkylois, aralkyls, aryls, aralkylols, and the radical of eterocyclic ring of which nitrogen is a member, tiSurface modifying derivatives of amides of polycarboxylic acids - fjR,238,901. Chemical compounds in accordance with the general formula! t;eih ft- /'y-c. - n vv ct^ O - k/ -f\ O is an aliphatic Cf.rbo.iylic acid radical containing from ten to been carbon atoms, and A is a water solubilizing polar group. Bulionation products - German 694,945. High-molecular aliphatic or .?,4liphatie alcohols containLng aromatic or hydro-aromatic radicals are donated in the presence of aldehydes. Suitable aldehydes are CH20, AcH, >gionaldehyde, as well as compounds acting like aldehydes, e.g., acetal, ghyde bisulfite, and aldehyde ammonia compounds. Suitable sulfonating agents !$p/P4> fuming H2S04, and BCISO3. Promoters, e.g., anhyd. AcOH, P0C13, or be added. These comoounds are soluble in BUO and in acid and alkaline htions. Sulphonic compound - U. S. 2,243,33k. A sodium salt of a secondary 'antic monosulphonic acid containing at least eight and'less than 21 carbon i:B an a straight hydrocarbon chain having the sulphur atom of the sulphonate 3* directly attached to a carbonation to which a double bond at least once dyed from the terminal carbon atom is also attached. 0007-SWP-044868 0007-SWP-000114238 -20- flaulsion Research Department Cent. A process for producing a sulphonate which comprises reacting a Cinsu. dihalide having at least four carbon, atoms in an aliphatic chain with an ifijiii sulphite at a temperature between about 100 C. and the decomposition ferature of said dihalice. Sulfonamides - U. S. 2,245,457. The process which comprises causing onic acid amides containing an organic radical having at least 4 carbon BS in a chain prepared by condensing ammonia with a product obtained by taneous action of chlorine and sulfur dioxide upon saturated aliphatic ocarbons to react vath a member of the group of formaldehyde and compounds Siding formaldehyde and with a salt of the group consisting of amino-carboxylic amino-sulphonic acid salts. Getting agents - U, S. 2,245,645. The process of preparing sulfonic As of high wetting, cleansing and emulsifying properties which includes the g&f condensing an oxygenated terpene with an ether containing an aryl group ufas methyl phenyl ether and the step of sulfonating the said aryl group. Analysis of "jgepon AP extra.11 A com. sample of "Igepon AP extra" ined C17H33C00CH2CH2SO3NA 53.557, Na2504 5.977, NaHS04 5.257, |)aS04 53.400, NaCl 1.967, Na^ 0.977^. Amine derivatives of sulphodicarboxylic acids - If. S. 2,252.401. "'derivatives of aliphatic sulphodicarboxylic acids, said derivatives con- .8ting of those having the formula of the group consisting of: / \ __s ^ C. p v c_o - *4 w,_ to CO grein R is the residue of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, and R2 are Xrs. of the group consisting of hydrogen and monovalent amid?: forming A?als, and -CO-X is a radical taken from the group consisting of carboxyl and esters thereof, and in which n is ^ integer not greater than 2, cMe is a member of the group consisting of hydrogen and salt forming radicals. &fi - Proteins Chlorination of Casein Bftr" Attempts were made to chlorinate casein in order to stop the action ^putrefactive bacteria ana enzymes. Apparently the halogen enters by substi- Igion in the aromatic nuclei of the protein molecule, since Millon's reaction 2|.-uyrosine and Adamkiewicz' reaction for tryptophane are negative when -the 0007-SWP-044869 0007-SWP-000114239 -29- Emulsion Research Department Conti ted product is tested. If the tryptophane is altered no indol or skatole n would be possible when the casein were acted on by indol-producing Altering the tyrosine would get rid of the tyranine which produces odor in cheeses. Literature shows the chlorinated product to have 'degrees of solubility in hot water. t (1) 450 grams of potassium chlorate were added to a mixture of 1000 f casein suspended in 4,000 grams of 20$ hydrochloric acid. The mixture I' very warm and increased its volume about 100$ with foaming. After cool- mixture was greatly diluted with water and the insoluble portion washed tilled water until free from chlorides. .. (2) 50 grams of casein were heated on a water bath with 241 cc of grams of 50$ NH40H were added at 160 F. to dissolve the casein end tion was heated to 1900 F. 50 grams of clorox were added and the Ction was allowed to go on at this temperature for several hours with agita- jjPAfter cooling, the mixture,was greatly diluted and the soluble portion jrep'recipits.ted with HCl. (5) Same as method (2) without NH40H, casein suspended in Hs0 instead Apparently the-difficulty encountered-in all these methods is in not inating the casein uniformly. Only part of the molecule seems to be getting Chlorine. Mth method one, tests for tyrosine by the Milton reaction and the bo-benzenesulphonic acid reaction were negative, but with methods two and t'Millon's reaction was positive. Tests for tryptophane by the Adamkiewicz J.on and the p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde reaction were negative with method |jbut positive with methods two and three. ij With method one, the product was neither soluble in hot water nor in ies. However, when ammonia, borax, and sodium hydroxide were added the ^on burned a dark reddish brown and the protein was suspended in it. fti th method two, there was some insoluble portion after the reaction .completed.. The soluble portion was reprecipitated. This difference in ;bility would indicate that not all the casein had been chlorinated or to the je degree. The insoluble portion, which, was probably the chlorinated portion, *4 not be put into solution and was discarded. The tests were applied to thi Ijhle portion but apparently this portion had little chlorine since tests for 'Sine and tryptophane were positive. The casein was soluble in alkalies a\.-.l soluble at pH of 4.4 - 4.6, the isoelectric point of ordinary casein, this pfj a gei was formed that was not filterahle. ., 0007-SWP-044870 0007-SWP-000114240 -50- ikulsion Research Department Cont. __________ ;r\, With method three, there was some insoluble portion and some soluble, lane as method (k). The mixture was discarded since undoubtedly chlorina- not uniform. The bacteria count with method (1] was very small which shows that casein is advantageous. The yield was small in this method, and quite impractical on an industrial scale. The problem is to obtain 'expensive method of chlorinating uniformly. Further work is under way to attempt chlorinating casein to a limited ae to achieve its own bacteriostatic effect and still preserve solubility value. Dispersing Tritlcote #111 This protein was not successfully dispersed. The factors that affect |denaturatiers seen to be degree cf alkalinity, agitation and heat. Sy/ Various batches were mfade up with pa ranging from 6.6 to 9.4 on dififl't formulas. The formulas 'were essentially BX 619, BX 606 and BX 664 with brent amounts of solvents. The solvents used were borax, ammonium hydroxide, lylamine, and inonoethanoianine. Some of these batches looked fairly good, none were completely dispersed. The best batches were between a pH of [&eknr ^d 8.6. The proteins did not ssem to denature immediately upon addition of alkali but usually several, minutes of stirring elapsed. Those batches, were fairly well dispersed, were allowed to stir cold. Most of them me denatured after a few minutes but the- thinner ones', to which more water befen added, did not denature. Yihen these latter batches were reheated and they broke at approximately 180 F. Attempts were made to disperse the .protein by holding the temperature 60 F. but none of these batches were good. The protein seems to wet easily .T/ater so that it would not appear that the addition of wetting agents ,d be beneficial. However, one batch was made up with 6> of the weight of .protein, of Nacccnol, with no more success than the others. It does not appear possible to disperse this protein since heat and tation hasten its denaturation to such a degree. Sodium salicylate is the best dispersing agent for wheat gluten, the ifParsing power being directly proportional to the concentration up to t$. dfanpts wers. made to disperse the gluten, first with sodium salicylate alone SQ.thsn combined with surtmonia, but with little more success. 0007-SWP-044871 0007-SWP-000114241 -51- Emulsion Research Department Cont. ?Cont. itel Work Iriethod Triticote #111 subst- for casein in BX 619 formula. BX 619 formula omitting (443) . Triticote #111 subst. for com protein in BX 606 formula. BX 606 formula and borax. JSH 8.9 Results Protein denatured after addition of (443) . 8.0 Protein not dispersed. Results were fair. 8.4 Very poor results. 8.6 Results were poor. When extra vfater was added, results were better - almost dispersed. On re heating v.ith agitation, batch broke. Stirring alone bad no effect. BX 606 formula vdth extra jlai (445) and twice as much B-n .borax. 9.1 Very poor. The (443) was added gradually but the protein was not denatured.for 4 or-5 minutes of agitation. 16; BX 664 formula. 8.65 Poor - batch very rubbery. 17/ V; 2125 replaced (445) in BX 664 formula. 9.4 Very poor - too much Vi 2125 used,; L8 ;.W 2125 replaced (445) in 3.7 Very bad - heating and agitation BX 619 formula (1/2 as much seesaect to cause dematuration. 58% vv 2125 used Same as W 1217 but l/4 as much W 2125 - heated to 150 F. . 6.8 and allowed to mix 10 minutes after addition of f? 2125. Poor - not alkaline enough to disperse the protein. Same as WP 1219 plus 10 g. 7.9 Poor of 41. Heat kept at 150 F. 8 g. more of 41 added. Beat kept at 150 F. 14.1229 Sodium salicylate used to disperse the.protein in the X 606 formula. 8.3 Very poor 5.9 Odor and color poor but batch looks fair. 10 g. more of sodium Salicylate added. 6.1 Results, improved 0007-SWP-044872 0007-SWP-0001 -52- hmulsion Research Department Cont,______________ Method pH Results Same as W 1229 plus ( 445). 8.6 Almost dispersed - best batch. of the weight of the pro*'' tein of CW 1495 and Bx 606 8.8 ^formula used. Poor Dispersing Gliadin p;!DiiS protein was not successfully dispersed. Little work was done cfof material. The protein wets poorly so that additional water is reilhe batches made up were the BX 619, and BX 606 formulas : to disperse this protein. ital Tiork: Method |Gliadin substituted for scasein in BX 619 formula. ^Gliadin substituted for pom protein in BX 605'. _El 3.7 Results Very poor. 8.8 Very poor. sSaine as ftP 1229 plus 6% wt. 8.9 Very poor f.of protein of CW 1495. Casein and Com Protein S^A_hatch of BX 664 was made up substituting casein for the corn protein. E>ersion wa3 excellent but it seemed to take the ammonia a few minutes ^dissolve the casein than it does the corn protein. Since there was j^and little Dowicide the bacteria count was high. Batches were made up mixing the casein and corn protein together in rtions used in Kem-Tone - S0% of corn protein to 20% of casein. These Jpere not successful because the com protein molecule seera3 to form a dt the casein molecules, preventing its dispersion. 0007-SWP-044873 0007-SWP-000114243 -33- ihulsion Research Department Cont.__________ rah'-'. Conti 9S[hv,pritaental Work: Method pL244 5*1245 Casein on BX 664 formula , .. Casern ana-corn protein on BX 634. ^L245A Casein and corn protein wet longer with CK 1495. Results Excellent Appears dispersed but the draw-down shows it isn't. No improvement. Linseed Meal Protein - 0R-P3 The first dispersions, Tip 1155 and W 1154, made up on the BX 619 and C'iforEul&s were good. However, the second and third batches of the lin- neal protein, when made up on the same formula, proved unsuccessful. The in Anus t have been purified in a different manner. The pH of the protein 524'.but it required a much greater amount of ammonia to bring the pH up to ^sguLar pH of BX 364. KcFl Evaluation of Vehicles and Oil Conservation The following vehicles produced by the Resin Research Department were Sited in the Tall Oil Xesi-Tone formula: Emulsion 7<ash- Comments Vise. pH Brushing Stability ability m 10% SN 176 25% BN 176 33% SN 176 50% Si 176 25% SN 176 33% SN 176 50% SN 176 20% SN 176 33% SN 176 2-1/2% (113) 5% (115) 10% (113) 15% (113) 20% (H3) 5% (113), 47% Rosin Oil 10% (115), 45% Rosin Oil 15% (113), 42% Rosin Oil 20% (113), 40% Rosin Oil 70 5.5 55 64 135 75 145 240 210 40 53 115 40 45 23 20 19 29 8.2 8.3 8.2 8.3 8.3 0.5 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.05 8.01 8.1 8.3 8.2 8.4 8.4 8.5 8.7 Load Excellent Good Good Excellent Excellent Good Good Good Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent V. good Excellent Fair Fair Fair Fair Good . Fair Good Fair V. good V. good V. good V. good V. good V. good Good V. good V. good Fair Fair + Fair Fair Fair + Fair + Fair + Fair Fair Good Fair Fair Fair + Fair + ' Good Good Good + Fair 8.V0G07-SWP-044874 0007-SWP-000114244 I -34- Emulsion Research Department Cont._____________ Cont. ^u.cle Comments Emulsion WashVise. pH Brushing Stability ability f|587 HID 25% (115) , 37% Rosin Oil S|587 Hll 35% (113), 33% Rosin Oil ^587 H12 100% T 624 #687 H13 33% (320) p`614 Chesapeake Ceiup. ^3.5 25% (115) ^616 26% (115) if617 33% (113) re18 26% (113) #01 Control ma. J4 33% SB 206 J;601 J5 - 67% SN 206, 33% (320) (tea J6 33% SN 205, 53% ( 320) #01 17 40% SB 206 , 20% (113) F17093 Control for RA 632 A 632 A Special T 624 27 21 40 75 55 6 57 27 79 47 50 24 54 35 75 61 8.7 3.6 8.1 8.5 8.2 8.5 8.5 8.2 8.3 8.2 8. 8.5 8.5 8.4 8.5 8.5 V. good V. good Excellen t Excellent V. good V. good V. good Excellent Excellent Good V. good Good V. g< Good V. f V. ; V. good Good V. good V. good V. good V. good V. good Good Good V. good V. good V. good Fair Fair Fair + Fair Poor Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair + Good Good Good "-i T + Vehicle sl55 The following vehicles were also tested: Comments Tall Oil Pitch Linseed Pitch Vise. Eli Br S3 8.5 G r;<; 8.8 P g: D - Bacteriological Vork .Tests on chlorine-treated casein ^1. First series 1. Chlorinated casein (use of pyridine HCl) S. fteprscipitated casein prior to chlorination 3. Untreated stock casein Results 1. Blank 2. 11 3. it 1. Inoc * f<w ft it 3. it pH 24 flrs. 8.8 8.9 8.95 8.86 8.9 9.0 pH 120 Hrs. 7.42 8.55 7.0 8.08 7.7 - 7.0 . The purpose in chlorinating casein prior to its use was to produce ^ casein having aQ inherent bactericidal property. Results above show some 0007-SWP-044875 0007-SWP-000114245 1 -55- Emulsion Research Department ______________Pont._________. --afyf improvement in the treated casein; The solubility of casein, however, tered by chlorination to a greater or lesser degree depending, we believe, |ggve:ctent of chlorination. Available literature sho?ns some controversy over SSject. In our case, 1st and 2nd series tests, we found the treated casein fpoluble than the original stock product. More work should be devoted to tjueBtion. Second series L. Chlorinated casein (use of ACiOa-HCl) 2- Untreated stock protein Results pH 48 Hrs Count x 40 - bact./cc W- 1. Blank 8.7 Si 2. " 8.55 te 1. Inoc. 8.8 60 + 20,000 7000 m 2. B.S 4 25,000 Results are rather promising. Tie estimate about 7-8% chlorine was aed in the treated product. bolubility in alkaline water was decreased, jer. In both cases the finished product was devoid of any odor. ^Bactericidal properties of a new casein solution formula as compared Ewith the stock formula. Ne7,- formula TiP 1244 14.1% casein Tall Oil .5% Dowicide G Pine Oil Stock fonnula HX. 646 16% casein Dowicide A) 1.1% Dowicide G) Borax 1.1% Keltex .25% Hesul ts pH 24 Hrs. 72 Hrs. Count x 80 = bact./cc 1244 646 0.56 8.46 8.5 8.5 0 10 The new formula showed more active bactericidal properties than tock fonnula vhich contains twice as much preservative and also borax. y,acticn may be due to the possible soap formation between components of , w;0.1! scd the alkali present. 0007-SWP-04487 6 0007-SWP-000114246 -36- iiraulsion Research Department isi - Pont. Palliation of Preservatives Givaudan-LSelawartna Stabilizers 9-A-9IP in S*> casein solution, 20 cc inoculated with 1/4 cc of spoiled rsen solution (8,000,000 bact./cc). pH Count x 200 * C-DIP 1. .1/ of solution . .0$ 3. .025/ 4. .0X2/ 5. .006/ 6. .003/ 7. .0015/ 8. .0008/ 9. .0004/ above 8.8 8.65 . 8.7 8.8 8.8 8.4 7*9 7.9 7.9 800 560 28 18 80008000 Discart It II fe.. 1. .1/ . .05/ 3. .025/ 4. .012/ 5. .006/ 6. .003/ 7. .0015/ 8. .0008/ 9. .0004/ ,B Sodium perborate 8.9 8.9 3.8 8.3 8.7 3.2 7.95 8.15 7.8 195 200 320 840 6000 10,000 hi scare II M Stability te3t of 5/ casein Solution containing perborate as preervativej inoculated with l/z cc of spoiled casein solution (6,000,000 bact/cc), e ,1/ solution from which all other concentrations were prepared was heated , ^5 P. for 10 minutes prior to use to activate the perborate- of soln .05/ .025/ .012/ .006/ -005/ .0015/ 0008/ 0004/ Soln #1 d H 24 hrs. 8.7 8.7 8.65 8.7. 8.5 3.5 8.6 8.6 B.5 72 hrs. 8.7 8.45 8.3 8.2 8.0 7.5 7.6 7.6 Soln #2 pH 24 hrs. 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 72 hrs 8.3 7.7 8.1 8.1 7.6 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.4 0007-SWP-04487'7 0007-SWP-000114247 -37- Jyiiulsion Research Department Cont. _______ Sodium perborate seems effective in all concentrations in a 24 hour , however shows that deterioration takes place with time so that in 72 8 only the .1% concentration was still effective. !i;Antiseptic-astringent combination Reports have shown that the above combination is more active against 'teria than antiseptic alone. A test using equal parts of a phenol compound Stannic acid to preserve a 5 casein solution was made. It showed the comation to be impractical as the tannin acted on the casein, producing dis.oration. ^ Stabilizing power of S-W C-4 in Kem-Tone. j1rt*v':\. i. .1% S-V C-4 in special Kem-Tone containing no preservatives 2. .1% Cod. perborate 11 " n ii n 3. Special Kem-Tone containing no preservatives 4V!V pH 24 hrs. 48 hrs. 72 hrs. 10 hrs. W' - 1. 7.52 7.55 7.78 7.05 2. 7.64 7.68 7.85 7.18 3. 7.51 7.54 7.78 7.05 & The pil meter at 48 and 72 hour readings was faulty. the results g higher than at 24 hours. The results were tabulated nevertheless as we jhpt so much interested in the change of alkalinity per every period reading ?sare `-n the results as compered with other samples of the same period. In purs S-YS C-4 was already approaching the reading of #3 blank. In 72 hours and the blank gave identical results, while perborate in every case Wed superiority. This brief test shows the value of O-Vt C-4 as relatively ffective for use in Kem-Tone. ' .Jests l:M ' ' ' y.Tall oil batch 65406 - C 1863 F (Miller case) '% ?'' Following a complaint made on the odor of the drying film of the i Kem-Tone batch (pH 8.6), laboratory tests using the cardboard carton method . ade. Control batch 65405 - C 1953 E (pH 9.0) was run at the same time. g*;0ar of" C 1863 F batch was not at any time unpleasant; 1st day giving a and. alight flat oily odor, on the 12th day a slightly oxidized oil finally on the 38th day a slightly rancid butter to a faint, very iptly moldy odor. The control followed the same pattern with a slighter g^ee of odor. 0007-SWP-044878 0007-SWP-000114248 -38- Emulsion Research Department Cent.______________ `vt'V:. .^Batches 65401 - C 1953 (pH 8.1), 65402 *1- 65407 - C 1963 B (pH 8.2) C 1965 F (pH 8.2) , Complaint of odor. The usual cardboard carton test was run; results "wed no spoilage in any case. AH batches gave a slight pine oil and slight; T oil odor on the 1st day. On the 12th day the odor was the strongest and tively undesirable, that of slight moldy (C 1953), slight oily (1963 F) and ght shellfish (1963 B) . The 33rd day showed a slight oxidized oil in all tcheS. -Batches prepared C 1223 F (pH 8.8) and C 1223 E (pH 8.8) %, ' Complaint of slight acetic odor in the original package.With the "board carton test there was no sign of the slight acetic odor at any time ihg the test period. Both samples gave good showings, being on the first ^slightly musty end of slight tall oil. In the remaining period a slightly iy to a slightly oxidized oil odor prevailed. fcv Test batches prepared with various tall oils: Batch 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1155 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 Control containing V 17095 prod, tall oil formula Tall oil F-l, 10$ (348) (mineral spts), 556 (293) (pine 11 : F-2 ii tr tr If F-3 ti tr 11 U F-4 tt II II F-5 n }t If II F-6 1! * tt it 11 F-7 it . tr tl 1) F-8 n it II n M ti II fi 11 t II ti 11 n 11 tt oil) 11 II F-9 i: ft F-10 n it ,| 11 li II lt II n F-10, 35% polymerized linseed. 1056 (348) , 5jt II ii T-624 , RA 0324, 10$ (348), 56 (293) (293) . ti i? 50^ RR 10931-A, 3556 (320), 1056 (348) , $ (293) n n 50* RR 10931-B, n " n II It 11 12 n 50* RR 10931-C, n it ii fl II II t! n 50$ RR 10931-E n n " II II 1? Samples 1130, 1131,1133, H34, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1^40, 1144, -.45, 1146, and 1147 were discarded in a 7-14 day period due to unpleasant odor. 50 was retained, for the entire test period to note the change, if any, of the Jttnt film with time. There was no change. The odor being of an extremely -fine trating smoky type. The control 1129 ranged from the 1st day oxidized oil Wor to the final' faint moldy to no odor showing. 1132 was slightly smoky and Slightly fruity, **1139 ranged from a slightly fish to u slightly oxidized oil. 143 was slightly i&bky. 0007-SWP-044879 0007-SWP-000114249 -39- ihiulsion Research Department .____ Cont. Coni. |f-i Test batches containing sodium perborate. Manufactured 11-10-42 11-11-42 1-14-4; pH Prig, Data 8.4 8.1 8.4 8.2 8.1 a.o pH 8.4 0.0 8.3 7.9 8.3 Plate count x 000 = bact./cc 6 320 56 92 3 2 12 IS All batches gave good odor tests, the majority being of slightly Sgent and aEaaon.La.cal nature, also of slightly oxidized oil. V3? 610 and 611 re more strongly ammoniacal; 608, 721, 723 having a slightly off-odor. "gg : Hi.Semi-Gloss Rem-Tone A series of base pastes have been prepared in a 25 gallon length high id value ester gum - heat bodied linseed oil (320) of about solids as a |st .vehicle. This series of bases are to be used to determine the relative values Rgboth methods of treating pignents and the treating agents. We are working TTcooperation vdth Gloucester on some samples of treated pigments furnished yHthem, and a considerable number prepared at Chicago. The factor of aging upon both the bases and the resulting emulsion paste paint are being studied, and may reveal some information pertinent to he development of a suitable gloss emulsion paste paint. Gloss measurements are being made on the Gardner glossimeter to gvnluate the results obtained from the bases used. .. There are many problems that must yet be overcome before a successful g&ossy emulsion paste paint is forthcoming, but initial work indicates that Khch a material is on its way. Kern-Tone duality Control A -- Production bulletins ... During the past month Kem-Tone Production Control Bulletin #9 fjas issued to trie respective manufacturing units. Bulletin #9 covers tall oil 6 Cm-Tone formulation with eight different hiding power pigment combinations mfy ihe respective Kem-Tone colors. 0007-SWP-0448 BO 0007-SWP-000114250 -40- av ' lfit- Cont. Bmulsion Research Department Cent. B - Quality Control w Listed below are the number of Kem-Tone batch samples from the dif- jjgrbnt Kem-Tone manufacturing units tested by the quality control group. Plant / Number of Batch Samples Tested Chicago Detroit Oakland Cleveland Newark 325 85 40 28 15 Batch samples.are checked for weight per gallon, pH, viscosity. Senior match, brushing characteristics, emulsion stability (brush washing "characteristics). Samples are sent from the respective plants every clay, Eid represent 25$ of tie daily production. In addition to the above laboratory tests, 14 room tests have been Bade to determine application, hiding, odor, and other Kem-Tone performance Egiaracteristies. This practical work supplements Kem-Tone laboratory control Ijrork, L55 - fla/I1 Paper Evaluation Samples of Style Perfect wall paper submitted by the United Wall Paper Company have been checked for washability, fade resistance, adhesion, End', brittleness. Kem-Tone trims are being periodically checked for quality. Recent Bests on samples indicate that washabllity resistance and adhesion of the Brims has fallen slightly below standard. p:?; :, Eie United Wall Paper Company has been informed of the results of phr tests and have been requested to improve the quality of trims in respect ||d the above departure from standard. m- |fffl70 - Army-Navy Specification Work T 1279 _ Dark Green Camouflage Paints Additional work done on this formula produced a material which meets -the current T-1279 B specification in all respects. Greatly improved emulsion, |teducibility and "take on" have been secured. It was noteworthy that in all Ipases the 1 day bake at 150 F. improved the emulsion and "take on" over thr ^Unbaked material. 0007-SWP-044881 0007-SWP-000114251 j -7- H. VAN LOO Cont. Durability Studies of Zinc Sulphide Pigment Combinations Panels 1530-45 C wore examined after 40 mentis1 exposure in Chicago, paints represent variations of Family Paint Tihite ... per. 300 and Cream SP317, both as to pigment and vehicle. Included are? (a) increased lead- said approximately 50$ Cryptonc US-130 replacing lithopone and sine sulin the regular Rex 300 formula of 10-12-38 with 50$ V 11065 - 50'1 maleic ited soya in the vehicle, (b) the same pigmentation with raw soya replacing ymalsic treated typo, (c) a similar pigmentation with 32$ V 11065 and 63$ iseed, including 51$ (798) and (d) a special high Cryptone MS-150 formula 46$ maleic soya. In the tints Rex 317 formula of 1H4-35 was used as j"'guide. All tile special whites were considerably better than regular Rex 300, Lch was entirely eroded away at 48 months. The formula with the 51$ of (798) the heaviest film remaining, while the other variations show serious eroThe best tint as to durability is the high maleic soya - high Cryptone formulations, - its color is also good. The tint guide is intact t for bad micro-checking. Those using moderate amounts of soya and tone MS-130 are eroded. -- Studies of Dark Colored House Paints As an elaboration of work previously reported on dark colored house its, a series of draw-downs of the same batches of paint put out last fall " put out in July for acetone soluble determinations. In this way paints under favorable and unfavorable drying conditions could be compared. Determinations on films exposed for three and six weeks gave the lowing results for a 32-hour extraction. At 3 Weeks 1. STJP Modern Brown 254 414 W 23.2$ extracted. At G fteeks 19.5$ extracted. it. 2- SWP Modern Brown No ZnO sze French Green o--rvzJl 4.14 V7 Slip French Green No :2nd 22.0$ " 31.5$ " 27,. 9$ " 18.9$ " 27.1$ 25.0$ :l Qualitative analyses of the acetone soluble residue showed, that nine present ir that from paints 1 and 3, which probably accounts for the dif ferences noted above. At the time the points were put out they had been in 0007-SWP-044882 0007-SWP-000114252 -a- M. VAN LOO Cont. e'"for about eight months, hence package reactions had a good chance to ilace. The results given in last month's report indicate that these ons take place in the dried film as well. p: If all the ZnO had reacted with residual fatty acids in the vehicle, `.'all vrere extracted, it would amount to about four per cent of the film ' In ttie French Green evidently aiarge amount has reacted, vhich would for the drier protective action afforded by tile use of ZnO. In future determinations of acetone soluble a quantitative analysis made of the ZnO present, in order to determine the amount of acetone lilized in the 'form of zinc soap. This in turn will be correlated rath a .e average fatty acid radicle of CG vhich on the basis of sine soap ,e$solubility are most likely to be present. (Higher molecular weight -japs of saturated fatty acids. (C12 - C16) are insoluble in acetone. &V: Studies of Flat Ball Paint Formulation & .. . at Wall Paints Work has continued during the month on the development of a new ?affor -Flat-Tone White and tint base. The formula employs rutile titan.cium for the pigment and V 11152 reduced limed oil as the principal ^ingredient. Factory runs on the .vehicle and paint have been made with factory results, but distribution of the formulas is being held up until snent has been made in controlling the body and stability of ihe V 11152. h'ish Research Division has communicated v/ith Mr. Fasig on this, as the [based on Lowe Brothers' V-792. So far it appears tha t a formula having liability and good control over "ghosting" can be made from the rutile pigment. jpf'-'Work on Paintercraft One Coat Flat #10 will be continued to replace With V 11152 to keep the formulations uniform. Sp" Work has been extended to the development of a posh-war Flat-Tone, jhg combinations of V 11152 and various alkyds. To date the best com- SS^as been V 11152 and V 15195, a long oil P. E. alkyd. The latest ;Sf;0J 657 G has a V/P ratio of 0.77, with 21,825 units of hiding-using gtation o,f half Titanox HC HT and half lithopono. rkt. fSl-Clep for Enamels and Semi-doss Paints Lopg :is that enamels made with the Velsicol-Polypale varnish, (5850)IT, S-Ved^ SlOV` *KCPS;!ive "bocly.Lng:' led to an investigation into the factors . Depalts of this in.vestigatT.on xay br s vi-muri red as follows: 0007-SWP-044883 0007-SWP-000114253 9- - j^j: Pont. M. VAil LOO Coni. i-ffTT.nnt reactivity k : Large variations v;era found in different pigments. Calcium Titanox ftitahium oxd.de a-re non-reactive with (5850)N, but lithopones as a class Inclined to be reactive, - some grades more so than others. Of three depones tested, . 461 L v/as very reactive, 461 S r.iodera tely reactive, and Jersey Red Label #14 least reactive. sFy. Ifarnish. viscosity. if'-V' \. Jg/'' (S350)N in three bodies, "E," "F-G," and "H" was used in a series of i.x Results showed that the higher the viscosity of the varnish, the higher ^original viscosity of the enamel, and (with reactive pigments) the higher rate of viscosity.increaso on storage. ^Introduction of litharge into varnish during its manufacture. . (3850)N stabilized with lead gave enamels with slightly lower origijviscosity and a lower rate of viscosity increase when used with pigments ned to be reactive. The use of aluminum stearate in conjunction with lithopone gave higher hal viscosities, and a higher rate of viscosity increase than the use of "hone alone. ' Vi Jpf.' The u3e of aluminum stearate with titanium pigments did not Cause ggity increases in enamel on aging. ' . a# Excessive heat developed during grinding, caused excessive nbodyj&f enamels, particularly vhere a reactive pigment and/or a high bodieh 5)N not stabilized v/ith lead was used. V. BEnameloi d The revised (38oO)N, made with velsicol. Rosin and linseed oil and lized with lead was compared vdth the old (."850)IT made from Velsicol, S 011^ linseed oil. Two types of pigmentation Tfere used: (a) lithopone gShfanium oxide and (b) Titanium Calcium Titanox RC HT. She following Its were observed: P?1 revised (3350)K, in Enameloid formulas, shows only slightly less water $end soaP' resistance than previous material. 0007-SWP-044884 0007-SWP-0001 -10- M. VAN LOO Cont. ifha lithopone - Ti02 pigmentation gave better water and soap resistance fthan the Titanium Calcium pigmentation, rath both old and revised (5850)N. ;The revised (5350)11 shows eligibly greater flow and more tendency to sag |than the old ( 5350) N. The relative effectiveness of aluminum stearate and Multilex to con i' flow was tested in several Enameloid tint formulas. 1 pound and 5 pounds j'aluainun stearate per 100 gallons were equally ineffective in producing con flow or lack of sagging, hut 25 pounds of Multifex, 2209 dry, in the e formulas produced excellent control of flow. Enamels containing the tiulfex had very slightly lower gloss, and more "feel" under the brush. This ter feature' is desirable in the present-day Enanoloid which has a tendency is too limpid under the brush. Inspection of enamels at the end of two showed a better package condition there Multifex. was used instead of Luninum Stearate. Settling tendencies seem to be substantially lass. The varnish RL225H6 made from Cook's fiesin E2212 was tested in Enameltints. It proved unsatisfactory because of instability, poor brushing proertieEs, and poor water and soap resistance as compared v/ith (3848) E. or (3850)K. lor of varnish was vary dark. " ARV 3182 #2 is a "blown type" varnish made from Cook's Resin S2212 S rosin (2 parts to 1 part) end linseed oil. ARV 5186 is similar, but with [ual amounts of rosin and R2212. These vehicles were compared with (4850)N ;(3848)E in white Enameloid - Rex 710. The following tables summarize 'suits: braula Varnish Set-to-touch Condition at' 18 Hours Tack-free (4350) If ( 5343) E ARV 3182 ARV 3186 2-l/2 hours 2-1/2 2-1/2 " 3" V.S.T. Tacky S.T. S T. 26 hours n ii ii Resistance to 1% Solution Ivory Soap Hakes (3 hours) Slightly affected - some dulling and softening. Very slightly affected. Badly affected - very dull - film quite soft, ii ii " ii _ n ii n 0007-SWP-044S85 0007-SWP-000114255 -11- M. VAN 100 Cent. Water Resistance (24 Hours) BC 279 - Slight dulling - "haze." Recovered. BC 277 - Slight dulling - "haze." Recovered. BG 501 - Softened, dulled. Incomplete recovery. BC 502 - " " Did not recover. Color- of 501 is very slightly poorer than that of 279 and 277. definitely "creamy." Film embrittlement. At end of two weeks, BC 501 shows more elastic than enamels made from either (5843)E or (4850)N. BC 502 is about the as BC 279 or 277. Semi-Lustre A portion of our time was devoted to experimental formulas, in an gprt to develop materials having greater package stability. Several Picco- e-Rosin vehicles stabilized with lime or Zitro Resin in varying amounts, substituted for (4850)H in Rex 16270. BC 555 using ARV 5202, (4850)N with lime and (48) for the vehicle V7as chosen as the best of the erimental formulas. In the work on Semi-Lustre tints, the inert was varied in the pigportion and a variety of vehicles were tried, including; iCongo varnishes (2S51)C and (2896)0 plus (1752) - Blown Linseed and 9071) Zinol- g'/ ' (2851) R, (785) and a 50$ Velsicol Solution. |f Revised (3350)N and (1752). ^Revised (3850)N and (48). Revised (5850)H and (785). The most promising experimental formula was BC 520. This paint i3 Rented with Titanox RC HT 2132 dry and Surfex 1817 dry, with revised (3850)N 1 (1752) for the vehicle. This material is much more 3table then the Seal-Lustre made on the sting formulas. Drying is equal to that of batches made from best lots of l$|hgo and much better than that made from some of our varniahe3 made from go resin. Some doubt has been expressed as to whether Semi-Lustres formulated th (3C50)R will retain drying properties. Samples of BC 520 Trill be for future test3. 0007-SWP-044886 0007-SWP-000114256 -12- !g"l 'Cont. ft 'j'-zk Psants M. VAN LOO Cont. Considerable work was done on the reformulation of Porch and Peck rt^Tto the reactivity and after-hody tendencies of the Congo formulation, fiBber of formulas were made using ARV 3120 - East India Varnish, ARV 3160 East India Varnish, (1720) and (5850)N in two types of pigmentation, ^various vehicles were used in conjunction with leaded zinc and with cal'Titan ox. |$? ' The leaded zinc formulas all showed considerable reactivity with p:3120, 3160 and (3S50)N. (1720) produced very thin paint but other pro xies wore quite satisfactory. In the.case of the Calcium Titanox pigmcnta- |on no reactivity was evident, as would be ejected. The ARV 3120 represents a 100? East India and ARV 3160, 60? Rosin 5^East India Varnish. Based on the limited supply of East India, we decided fselect the ARV 3160 as the most desirable varnish for use in Porch said Deck, . Dsequently it was found that even this reduction in East India content would *on*exhaust our supply, and further work was necessary. Both East India varSgies were found to be superior to the Congo formula for water and soap reIsjtanee. The 60? Rosin - 40? East India was slightly below the 100? East .. Kjia in the above tests but definitely superior to Congo. The paint made jamjARV 3160 of G to H body was slightly sticky but the ARV 3160 with F body `'-''uced a very satisfactory brushing paint. A report on the above work was sent to A. B. Holton along with our amended formulations. Work continues with the introduction'of varnishes jy.as (2841)0, (2843) G and (2843)GS as. it is reported that a fairly large pply of the raw materials required for their manufacture are available. w W;.. Complete details on the above evaluation are available. 103 Metal Protective Paints jp>: Examination was made at 1200 hours of the 52-P-18 - T-1602' primer g*ies reported in the August report. The condition of the panels in order lows: (Rated according to general appearance.) H^light rust and blistering. gfc ;52-P--18 -- Regular. " - Regular p.v.c., 213 dry Blanc Fixe as inert. " - ii " 1220 " Red Iron Oxide for raw sienna; 354 Black " ' 1817 Surfex as inert, 45? n n n ii 50? n n ii 55? it n n Special Primer par Van Loo - 40? p.v.c. u ii n :i - 37. $ r 0O07-SWP-044887 0007-SWP-000114257 i -15- VAN LOO Cent,___ In the report for August results were jat -3be first series J$slt spray tests on. tiia zinc chronate--iron o x Sj &s^ t described in the May report. The results aC ite series m. sz^esr immersion J||5 can now be reported. In general it nay be'^proportion is increased the blistering is deczse**-- 23 the zinc chro.fct -toe sad of 24 ' ' innersion in 3olt water (3.656 concentration! S igr .pgzatos sbdch had c chromate had blistered badly. Those with- 23^ ^Ss** sbrcneie Showed te blistering while all of those with Mghtr .istering. After 4S hours' innersion the 2Q5& nS .ite to bad blistering while the 405 zinc cb3XX2&Z& ^3! cuf zing showed tcsife series showed Sk.-s'vi&g slight Listers. At this tine a definite superiority for ownebryf masagthneesiudmiffesrileicnacetebeotvweerenirotoneo2x0idaen. d mthei*.4C Ipns. 2180 ^rocene coaceSnfteraaf-c> As the immersion tests have progressed ' s'.chronate concentration has continued as the fzsHt&r .. fcjb a,, cc_di^ tv> k.v. t to .5^*"42B<^S'iTSf** the time of writing this report toe panels have J1&*-***? t'water for fifteen days or 360 hours, and the exception of those containing 80 and 100J a^Jt^ rcsna finite blistering. > w The salt spray series reported in August i* results nay be checked. rea^ to ^ rePeated 131'- Pigment Studies A sample of 414 W was received from CoffeyvU-1* ,a *ab" treatnent of certain selected better quality ,c _TM_ tav~ July 7 to September 14, 1945. The cars from vfeK* "Tl "this composite represent 8556 of all cars received 1 *u * P The sample was not equal in color to 414 W tter than standard. The new soqple was somewhat 87*? $ -bright. As compared with toe mininun standard tor 414 Pie is equal in brightness and sonewhat gray in color, e substituted for 1526 dry on equal lead-zinc contents* actically equal and quite constant. ' . . 183) toe new e - fire Ratardant Paints Panels 7354-0 C and 7373 C were put out on 0017 compare zinc end lead borates versus borax in fira ri zinc borate samples were obtained fron New Jersey BVPnr,^t 0^, the lead boratofron Kentucky. The paints wore node up into SNP Gloss te ef 9-El-45, substituting 2556 of toe pigment by V,eight lead Srate with correction for volume by reducing the magnoium 0007-SWP-044888 0007-SWP-000114258 -23- HflTLSIOH RESEARCH DEPARUIEHT Saulaion Binder Paints t. Wetting and Bnulsifving Agents Hie follovring wetting agents were evaluated for use in Kern-Tone: Emulsion Date Vise.* pH Edge Brushing Stability Purpose 254 9-2 41" 8.55 Good Good V. good Control for TO 12551256-1259. 1255 9-2 30-1/2" 8.42 Good Good V. good Test B-XLV-A Leucanol Type L256 9-2 27" mm L281 9-10 25" 8.42 Good + Good + V. good 8.5 V, good V. good Good Test B-XLVI-A leucanol Type Control for TO 128E1290.': 2182 dry 9-10 25" IjE/v*. 1283 9-10 27" 8.3 V. good V. good Fair 8.2 V, good Excel. Fair . Control for TO 1282-1290 C17 1792 Test Advawet #75 9-10 35" HSSr**" : L205 9-10 27" 8.5 V. good V. good Fair 8.3 V. good V. good Good .286" '9-10 22-1/2" 8.4 V. good V. good Good .287 9-10 24" 8.3 V. good V. good Good .288 9-10 22-1/2" 8.25 Excel. Excel. Good 209" 9-10 26" 8.3 V. good V. good Good - Test Advawet #80 Test Advawet #90 Test Advavet #100 Test Advawet #110 Test Advawet #120 Test Adva et #L30 8.55 V. good.V. good Good - Test Adva et #230 8.6 Excel. Excel. V, good Control for TO 1302 8.6 V, good V. good V. good Test Gloucester Ti02 ^paints reduced 50f except TO 1301 and 1302, which were reduced 63J6. 0007-SWP-044889 Hi 0007-SWP-000114259 -24- Emulsion Research Department _____________ Cont._________- ;.Cliart continued from previous page: h-: Wash Test No. 5 Davs 14 Days 30 Days E1 VP 1254 200 210 147 HP 1255 135 185 147 fe. TiP 1256 200 185 153 kL TP 1281 Fa . it:. TP 1282 TO 1283 |*v TO 1284 TO 1285 afc. TO 1286 TO 1287 ffe\* TO 1288 TO 1289 TO 1290 Eva TO 1301 70 180 W" TO 1302 80 127 Settling Some Slight Some Some Definite Very definite Very definite Definite Some Some Definite Definite Definite None . None Wetting agents B-XLV-A and B-XLVI-A are modifications of our recently wetting agent. This wetting agent is now being produced regularly the Chemical Products Department for use in Xem-Tone. To date, this materhas proven to be very satisfactory in Rem-Tone production. B. Proteins and Protein Substitutes I. TJBe of Methyl Cellulose in Rem-Tone The U3e of methyl cellulose in Rem-Tone has been investigated at ious times. To date we have been unable to show any particular advantages the use of this material. In addition, methyl cellulose does not addpt elf very well to our production procedure. However, we have tried to keep with the latest developments on uses of this material. The following 'omatlon was condensed from a recent literature survey: In coup arisen with casein as a piaent adhesive for paper coatings, methyl cellulose exhibited hitler binding strength, greater resistance to ink penetration, more flexLblB coating, reduced gloss, opacity, and brightness. There was no difference in smoothness., Methyl cellulose solutions in water increase in viscosity with increase temperature to a maximum.. This is also true with an addition of ether to methyl cellulose solutions increasing to a maximum with equal.parts of ether and water. 0007-SWP-044890 0007-SWP-000114260 -25- Emulsion Research Department Cont.______ ___ _ tfrl - Cont. |||! lylo3e 4S (a derivative of methyl cellulose) is water insoluble, soluble jjjin alkali, gives wash-resistant finishes. P^The degradation of methyl cellulose in solution can be judged by decrease jj^in viscosity. Weakly hydrated ions are Strongly adsorbed by methyl cellulose. ' Comments: tgi-A cellulose-substitute for casein would be particularly advantageous in Kera-Tone as it would solve the odor problem; celluloses are not susceptible to bacterial putrefaction. Hi-11* Effect of peptizing agents on pigmented protein films. gV In an effort to determine the effect on the film strength of piglted protein solutions of various peptizing agents, ' samples of Rent-Tone were produced which contained no re3inous or oil type binders. In making up these gOTples, a water slurry of the pigment was treated with the peptizing agent Before the protein solutions were added. The protein solutions used were the gsgular solutions of com protein and casein as used in Kam-Tone. Die following materials were used as peptizing agents. The percentgges given are based on the weight of_pigent. 0.33$ CW (1732) - Advawet #35 0.53$ CPI 454 (solids basis) 0.10$ Borax- ' 0.025$ Calgon 0.02^ Trisodium phosphate 0.10$ 26 Ammonia 0.01$ Sodium hydroxide : . $;' The above batches of protein paints'were reduced with water and drawn own (.005" thickness) on Kraft paper and tested for film strength by the wax ick test after drying 24 hours and one week. Of the above treatments only the borax and sodium hydroxide showed y increase in film strength over the untreated sample. The improvement in e- case of sodium hydroxide was only very slight." The borax proved to be B.omenhatbetter. agent. Further tests are being run using increased amounts of peptizing C. Evaluation of Vehicles' and Oil Conservation Work is being continued in cooperation with the Resin Research De partment on the development of emulsion paint vehicles. Our immediate aim is to decrease the acid value and improve the washability of the present tall oil Ken-Tone vehicle. 0007-SW P-044891 0007-SWP-000114261 -26- Emulsion Research Department Cont._____________ fil - Cont. The following vehicles were evaluated over the past montli: Date eNo. Emulsion Visc. d H Edge Brushing Stability Furoose ,1248 9-1 56" 8.4 E f. E G - Check tall oil for plant-tank #Z `1249 9-1 52-1/2 8.35 VG |l250 9-1 72" 8.4 E VG E G Ditto - tank #4 G Ditto - tank jfc sl251 .1252' 1259 9-1 . 9-1 9-2 35-1/2 8.3 A/\U 8.4 30" 8.6 E E G E E G G Ditto - tank #8 VG Control for VP 1248-51 VG Check (2898)R Newark production '1269 9-4 63" 8,3 E AJ VG Control for HP 1270 to 1276. RA 636 K-l 1270 9-4 18-1/2 9.05 E VG P Test RA 656-Kr2 1271 9-4 31" 8.9 VG, E G Test RA 636-K-3 1272 gi: 1275 9-4 9-4 18" 8.8 G 26-1/2 8.3 G G. VG G - Test RA 63C-K-4 G Test RA 636-K-5 JJ74 9-4 36" 8.5 VG VG G Test RA 636-R-6 1275 9-4 36" 8.5 VG VG VG Test RA 656-R-7 1276 9-4 45" 8.4 E E VG Test RA 636-X-8 1507 9-23 75" 8.6 Too wet Best of sags , series E Test SV 69 containing RA 631 150^ 29-1/2 8.7 VG. E- E Test SV 70 containing RA 631 + (520) "1509 9-25 39" 8.7 VG E E Control for HP 1597-08 using RA 631 control in SV-71 1513 9--SO 74" 8.6 VG E G - Test RA 637 L-l .1314 9-50 64" 8.75 G E G Test RA. 637 L-2 1315 9-30 28" 8.85 G VG P Test RA 637 L-3 0007-SWP-044892 0007-SWP-000114262 ! -27- Emulsion Research Department Cont. ______ __ - Cont. E*T- Date Bnulsion Me Ho* Tested Vise.* El Edge Brushing Stability Purpose -1516 gv flp.317 9-30 9-30 40" 24" 8.8 G 8.95 G E G G Test RA 637 L-4. P. Test RA 637 L-5 l318 9-30 36" 8.65 VG E G Test RA 637 L-6 (P 1319 9-30 35" ' 8.85 G VG G Test RA 637 L-7 P 1320 9-30 61" 8.45 G E G Test RA 637 L-8 Control for TP 1313-19 hill paints reduced 63$ rath the exception of TP 1259, which was reduced 50$. Wash Test No. 5 Days 14 Days 50 Pars Settling TP 1248 TP 1249 - TP 1250 - TP 12a - TP 1252 - - TP 1259 150 225 200 Some + TP 1269 TP 1270 TP 1271 TP 1272 TP 1273 106 103 145 215 154 165 200 180 290 15p None Slight Definite None (Yellow) Very definite TP 1274 TP 1275 85 160 125 no Slight Slight TP 1276 100 96 Some TP 1307 102 None TP 1308 TP 1309 105 no V.. V. slight None TP 1313 143 Definite TP 1314 155 Definite TP 1315 145 Some ii TP 1316 TP 1317 127 105 Slight Definite TP 1318 120 None TP 1319 TP 1320 93 62 None Some 0007-SWP-044893 0007-SWP-000114263 Emulsion Research Department Cont. __________________ A description of the e>q>erinental vehicles evaluated ia given below: S56 Series Material K 1 K 2 K. 3 K 4 K 5 K 6 K 7 It 8 Neofat D-342 % 0 (320) % 55 I 624 % 50 (543) % 10 (293) %5 50 25 85 50 35 34 17 35 35 0 0 0 17 17 0 25 0 55 50 34 51 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 5555555 Acid Value 85 30 58.5 33.5 76 95 73 91.5 Viscosity 23" 1*8" 45 4 *15" 1'5" 41" SO" 33" TCP Pt. Ref. No. 1269 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 '631 Series Material SV 69 SV 70 SV 71 RA 631 (320) (348) (293) T 624 % % % % % TCP Ref. No. 85 0 10 5 0 1307 50 35 10 5 0 1308 0 35 10 5 50 1309 RA 631 is a castor oil, tall oil ester with a 117.5 acid value. 657 Series All vehicles contain 85$ N.V.M. Die co5>oaition of the N.V.M. is ven below: Material T 624 (113) 197 Dry (320) % % % Acid Value TCP Ref. No. L 1 L 2 UA L 4 L_s L 6 L 7 L 8 70 60 50 60 6m 40 40 59 20 20 20 15 15 20 0 10 20 10 5 10 . 5 10 0 0 0 20 20 30 40 30 41 __ _, 50 36 59 59 1313 1314 1315 1516 1317 1318 1319 1320 *The material indicated here is a castor Oil - tall oil ester and not straight T 624. 0007-SWP-044894 0007-SWP-000114264 Li -29- Enulsion Research Department Cont. `fit - Pont. D. Bacteriological Work I. Tests on production batches containing perborate and deodorant. 65401 - C 19S5 containing CW 1745 - sodium perborate, replacing by 2 X i the r,eight of 41 - borax, and CW 1772 Deodorant #5AAA(G-D) 2^/320 gal. ,> 65402 - 1973 D containing CW 1745 2 X weight replacing 41 - borax. 65401 - 1933 A control. The samples containing perborate showed slight improvement over the trpl being milder in odor during the test period than the latter which 'elled 3trongly of oxidized oil on the 14th day examination. All samples on e 31st day gave faint or flat cardboard odors. Die sample contiling deodorwas not any improvement over those that didn't. It gave a very faint ~na during the entire period somewhat on the acrid side. In a room test the oil and somewhat flat odor prevailed; the deodorant made no difference. II. Rem-Tone with a vehicle change. 65408 - C 2135 D control ' 65408 - C 2155 E Results: Die odor trend was similar in both batches, both being mild. ` III. Rem-Tone contaminated by action on metallic carton lining, 65401 - C 1293 R pi! - 8.7 bacteria count - 0 Unreduced paint in the carton gave, a flat, slightly garbage odor; however, the odor teat showed no spoilage. Die first day odor was slightly flat and slightly of garbage, later slightly rancid, and finally slightly moldy. IV. Spoilage case 65401 - C 2512 C Unreduced sample batch odor: pine oil, aromatic. Reduced " : faint pine, " Panel odor at 5 minutes: slightly aromatic, sligitLy off. 1 hour: " " "of garbage, similar to damp cardboard. 24 hours: none. pH - 3.4 {Cont. next page) 0007-SWP-044895 0007-SWP-000114265 -50- Emulsion Research Department ____ Cont. ________* 1^3s1i - Cont. Bacteria coimt: 2,400,000 bacfceria/cc Odor test: 1st day: 12th 35th : slightly garbage, slightly aromatic, sharp shellfish, offensive, slight ammonia In the undried carton at 28 days, the entire paint film lining was Svergrown rath brom mold. Ibis' usually happens in cases where there is little tor no preservative present in the paint film to prevent the growth. Bacterial counts were made on all samples of batches manufactured Ethat day with the following results: 65401 - C 2512. A 65401 - C 2512 B 65401 - C 2512 D 65401 - C 2512 E 65401 - C 2512 F 65401 - C 2512 G pH 8.35 3.3 8.2 8.1 8.2 0.5 Count: 5 0 0 10 0 0 V. Tests on returned batch .55405 - C 495 The Kem-Tone in the original carton on examination appeared to filave separated into two fractions; the lower portion, a pigment paste, the >per, a clear supernatant liquid. The odor of the paint was pleasant and spoiled, pH 8.5, viscosity (S05t red. 75o F.) 17", weij^it per gallon 15.40 eh checked \.ith original records. Wien painted put, the odor was slightly t; the emulsion was not broken. Bacteria count was negative. The 30-day. fodor observation showed a slight oxidized oil to a moldy trend. VI. Evaluation of preservatives t Further examination of toluane-Dowicide combination: ' a. .0556 Dowicide A.+ .57# toluene in casein solution b. .5/S toluene c. .l Dowicide A it TI II II d. .155 " " +.2SS toluene II e. .05? " " + .2* n II f. .02# " + -1J6 " H II g. .# mineral spirits n It h. .!$> " ti it (Cont, on next page.) 0007-SWE-044896 0007-SWP-000114266 -31- fiirulsion Research Department _____ Cont._________ ' i'f.l - Conti. csuits pH - 24 Hrs. Bacteria/cc pH 120 Hrs Bacteria/cc jj a* 8.7 40,000 8.55 500,000 b. , 8.65 100,000 8.4 4, C$0,000 .6. c. 8.7 24,000 7.78 4,000,000 d. 8.7 41,600 8.61 240,000 e* - 400.) 000 - Sample discarded f. 8.7 800,000 6.86 tf II g* 8.71 800,000 6.72 ft If h. 8.7 400,000 6.8 11 It Blank 8.65 800,000 Die toluene-Dowicide combination is not effective enou^i for use Rera-Tone. /. VII. General examinations Glidden emulsion paint sample 102-K 4 Juno 10, 1945 compared with "tall oil" and "casein" Ken-Tone batches. * Odor on pH Prig. Vise. pH 24 Hrs 3ac't./cc Discarding Glidden 7.95 22" (35$ red.) 7.8 58,000 Phenol ; .65403 C 2123 F t :(Tall Oil) 8.4 44" (50? red.) 8.35 17,000 Faint tall oil 3, 65400 G 02053 V( Casein)' 8.55 22" (50? red.) 8.4 63,000 SI. Sewer *Inoc. 1/2 cc 6,000,000 bacteria/cc in 30 cc paint. Other properties of Glidden sample: Hiding power.poor. Brushing poor, drag, set-up too fast. Brush wash poor. Odor tests 1. (Hidden sample: phenolic throughout 31 day test period. 2. 08-C 2125 F: slight tall oil to si. moldy odor. 5. OOC-02055: faint odor to si. oxidized odor. 0007-SWP-044897 0007-SWP-000114267 -32- Saulsion Research Department Cont.________ - 'Coni. du Pont Speed-Easy Redgewood Blue 585 103 7471 pH 0.3 Viscosity - 21" (50# red.) Odor: si. garbage, glue size, formaldehyde. Bacterial count: 70,090 bacteria/00 E. Gloss Emulsion Paints A series of 14 formulations of gloss resin emulsion paints have made with three variations of treatment in the manufacturing process, formulations are being evaluated. The results of this evaluation, it is ieved, will give us valuable information and directional data for further search and development along the way toward better gloss-emulsion paints. Evidence thus far indicates that we may expect to produce a SemiT/ith about 30 gloss/ail value on the Gardner Glos sineter. Outside Rem-Tona A series of nine formulations have been developed utilizing both a organic binder to pigment ratio and a low organic-binder to pigment ratio, ere are several variations of pigmentation included, as well as several vari- in the type of vehicle such as straight oils and long and medium length . d varnishes. It is proposed to send one gallon of each of these to California for osure tests on stucco homes, where they may prove to have considerable . beautifying and protective value. Exposures have been made on concrete and rick at Chicago for purely comparative results from the formula variations. Results of California exposure should give us good indications. of at way to go on future outside brick and stucco resin emulsion paints. ecialties A. Spachtling Compounds Considerable attention was given to a sample from H and H Laborariea of a ready mixed patching compound which was examined in detail. Analysis of Hew Ready Patch pH 8.2 Total solids 00.64# Volatile matter 19.36# Organic matter 7.7# Rater soluble 5.56# Ash from water soluble residue.45# * 0007-SWP-044898 0007-SWP-000114268 -33- Bnulsion Research Department Cpnt.____________ - Cent. Qualitative tests A. Heme Barium - Heg. Calcium- Pos. Bod. - Trace B. Precipitation Sulfates - present C. Spot tests Dextrine - present in water soluble portion. From the above data and microscopic examinations, a' fairly complete picture was presented and a formula closely matching the M and H material was ^compounded after several trials as follows: SC-22 250 pounds 45 dry 25 . w 2077 dry 100 It 2185 dry Calcium Sulfate 2H30 Diatomaceous Silica Mica 50 n 525 dry Dextrine ISO t! (12)7? ? Oil of Citronella The above formula is not meant as identical to U and H Laboratory Eterial, but is a close match. It is intended to try to improve upon the ghove - working toward a successful ready-mixed patching compound. Kea-Tone Quality Control Examination of Rea-Tone production from the various Kem-Tone plants for weiiht per gallon, pH, viscosity, shade, washability, odor, brushing (properties and emulsion stability is being continued. The number of samples Received and tested during the past month iB given below: Plant Samples Tested Chicago Newark Detroit Cleveland Oakland 2GO 44 35 22 22 In addition to the laboratory tests, 20 room tests were cocpleted. Ithese tests supplement the regular laboratory tests. 0007-SWP-044899 0007-SWP-000114269 -54- Emulsion Research Department __________ Cont. ftigL - Cont. Kem-Tone Rechecks During the month of SsptemberL13Gl batches of Kem-Tone manufactured Soil the (2893)R, com protein, casein, formula were tested for application [properties, package condition, emulsion stability, viscosity, pH, and shade. In order to correlate results obtained by the Newark and Chicago Resting groups, 19 batches which had previously been evaluated at Newark, jjircre rechecked at Chicago. Die results obtained at Newark and Chicago were In couplete agreement. fj?155 - Wall Paper Evaluation (a) Samples of Style Perfect wall paper submitted by United Wall Paper Company have been tested for washability, fade resistance, adhesion, Lttleness, and design flaws. Results of these tests indicate that United |are keeping the quality of the paper at a hig standard, (b) Samples of Kem-Tone trims are also being checked periodically for quality. Ourmost recent tests show some improvement over last month's production samples. No work was done during tire month on the following projects: 170 - Army-Navy Specification Work . ?174 - Oleoresiuous Wrinkle Varnishe3 rl75 - Blackout and Camouflage Paints .. 0007-SWF-044900 0007-SWP-000114270 1 -5- M. VAN LOO Cont. Panels 5417-20 C, F were examined after 50 months' exposure in Chicago Upg4 months in Florida, respectively. The test point was STiP doss White ,ch had been "Hauzerized" by Modern Way Produx of Detroit. No details of the Seess were disclosed. The special showed no advantage, and possibly had a iter, tendency to erode and check. Panels 4416-58 C were given a final examination after 59 months' expo nent Chicago, vertical south. These paints parallel the Florida sories ~orted in the July report, page 6. The paints were based on the 1-4^40 formula 'SWP Gloss White and tested various blends of Dehydrol and soybean oils as well special ester interchange oils, and n soya-castor "kangaroo" oil, up to one!rd-substitution. These te3ts completely confirmed the Florida reports, showVthat all the blends were very satisfactory, fully equal to the regular, n-v' 48 - Examination of White Lead Panels 4479-82 F testing special lots of basic carbonate xhite lead __ _ Ivory, were examined after 56 months' exposure in Florida. Two nearly optical lots of Quick Process white lead, lots #960 and #932, and one lot of lead, lot #1020, were used in the laboratory batches, with a stock paint g a similar amount of 50/50 Old Dutoh/Q. P, lead as the guide. Tho pig-* jgatatton carries only 80# basic carbonate White lead, and therefore no great fferences would be expected, but a routine check was necessary. All the nts showed uniformly good durability, varying only in that the special lots '^ 'definitely ahead of the stock (blend), in tint retention. 50 - Durability Studies of Zinc Sulphide Pigment Combinations Exposures 2735-4L C testing zinc sulphide-asbestine-mica blends in le's "Big Six" Outside White were examined after being out 45 months in lcago. Cofeyville' s zinc sulphides 300148, 300157, and 300165 were compared New Jersey's ZS-30 in blends corresponding to their Cryptone MS-150 Aid* __used in the guide. All panels were self-primed on cedar, ZS-30 and 300148 |oved to bo definitely inferior in general durability to 300157 and 300165 ' lch were practically equal to the regular. Most of the panels were clean, ih good general appearance. At this time Coffeyville cannot identify , the [dividual lots, so this report is made as a matter of record until the data |0ets are located. - Reformulation Studies of House Paints to Reduce Dirt Collection Panels 7574-9 were prepared for exposure at Chicago south and north tical, and Florida und Coffeyville south vortical to oonpare Titanox RC - 40 dry with Titanox RCHT - 2132 dry, particularly as to chalking rate and Lrt collection. By using these materials on on equal hiding power basis in ffhe alternate SWF formula of 8-16-43 (also 50/50 RC/RCHT) togother with the regular SWP Gloss White formulas of 4-0-42, 10-15-42 and 1-22-45 it is felt "--------*- wwo frirmnlaticna ia quite complete, con- 00Q 7-S W P -044901 0007-SWP-000114271 _4_ 31. VAN LOO (Z Cont. ah'- Painting of Bricks A bulletin, "Final Report on Asbestos Shingle Exposures" supplenent;to Bulletin RC-73 t o o issued during the month, There are no indications tSr 34 months' exposure which are contrary to the statements as of 21 months' i. The best panels are SV1P doss finite over chlorinated rubber type rimers. '- Exterior Primers Due to the current interest in one coat house paints it appeared th tMle to investigate the relative absorption of oil by the wood or aint surface from conventional oil paint vehicles as compared with "neutral.3". oil vehicles. The reduction in acid value is supposed to exercise conjjrable control over penetration. ^ It is understood that the low p.v.c. house paints are not recommended application on new wood, but the general applications of "neutralized" ,cles in house paint uhdercoaters with controlled penetration appears interig. Work ha3 been started on determining the relative oil absorptions, and ~ew preliminary tests have been run using one of the low pigmmt volume ias recommended by Titanium Pigmont Corporation. The method is similar to that employed by Floyd Nelson, who worked .sively with ilex 450 tfadercoater and published his results in Bulletin 52/;;' Paint is applied on a selected board at a given spreading rate, allowed jrpartially, and scraped off into weighed containers* The oil is removed hlet extraction and weighed, and by suitable calculation the per cent of Jabsorbed into the wood is determined. It appears possible that a rapid per.tioh type of extraction may be substituted for the time-consuming Soxhlet action. - Studies in Flat Wall Paint Formulation Flat Wall Paints V. - ` . s Due to the shortage of zinc sulphide, v/ork has continued on the formu la of a rutile titanium calcium pigmentation based on a limed oil, V 11152. Jibution of formulas has been held up because further work to stabilize the ~d vehicle continues and because earlier expectations of good washahility ^not boon realized. The shortage of zinc sulphide and titanium oxide has compelled an roach using, straight titanium calcium a3 the opacifying pigment. Such a is definitely inferior in washability to a zinc sulphide-li thopone binatlon, and this weakness shows up quickly over glue size. This factor arently dominates over any effect produced by the soaped vehicle. 0007-SWP-044902 0007-SWP-000114272 -5- H. VAN LOO Cont. ffi!62 - Cont. A number of experimenfc&l variations of V 11152 have been made in the ^Varnish Research division to improve the stability and washability, including ^variations in lime treatment and the use of different amounts of Dehydrol. JFurth'er details are given in the Varnish Research portion of this report. Preliminary tests were nade using Linogel as a flat wall paint vehicle, fbut results to date do not indicate that this material has any advantage over t;the regular oils insofar as "ghosting" is concerned. The consistencies obtained iware rather lor, Tilth flow fair. Further work will be done. Paintercraft Flat #10 has been reformulated to eliminate the pure Ti02, ^replacing with titanium calcium. The now formula has an oil content of 1.2 pounds |pf oil per gallon, 33.8% vehicle solids, V/P ratio of ,74, and hiding power of 21,000 units. Semi-Lustre, Eaaaeloid, Floor Enamel The Velsicol-rosin-linseed varnish (3350)N has been used for several fmqntlia in some trade salea lines. With Dehydrol available for general use, |the Varnish Research division has made variations of (5850)H replacing part- or jail of the linseed with dehydrated castor. ARV 5257 with half linseed and half Dehydrol and AKV 5240 with straight |Defaydrol were evaluated in several Sianeloid and Floor Fhaael formulas. Results |indicate that replacement of linseed bry dehydrated castor up to lCXjJ makes very ELittle difference in the performance of the enamels. Drying, water, resistance, |soap resistance, and package stability are quite similar. The following is a briof summary of the experimental work: f Formula Viscosity Over night Tack- 1J6 Soap Varnish ,?3 Orifice Dryina Free Cold Rater Resistance 24 Hr3. 5 Hrs. f Snameloid Ivory n it (3850)M ARV 5857 ARV 3240 (58S0)N ARV 3237 ARV 5240 25" Tacky 24 Hrs. SI. 3offcen- Discolored 23" SI. tack II ing and and dulled 51" SI. tack u milky 18* V. sl. tack 21 Hrs. 19" SI. tack tl 23" SI. tack If n ii n It If n 0007-SWP-044903 0007-SWP-000114273 1__Lim -s- VAH LOO Cont. - Cont. Actual factory production of ARV 3240 under the assignment of V 11159 gVas also checked in Enameloid formulas. Again very little difference- was found ^between the linseed (3050)N and tile castor type. The castor varnish appeared Ho give slightly better water resistance and the linseed somewhat better through j&drying and sharper gloss. Formula Varnish Vise. ifZ Orifice Tack- (24 Hrs.) 1 Day 5 Days Free Cold Water Resistance Enameloid Ivory V 11159 G Body ir it V 11159,I-J " (5S50)N E-F " 26.3" 28.7" 55.4" 3G" 25" 25" 24 Hr3. " SI. haze; recovers. it " It SI. milkiness. Incomplete recovery. In order to obtain a fair picture of current quality of Enameloid fa review is being made of typical production formulae running back to 1938.. I'Samples of competitive enamels will also be included in the evaluation, Expo- jsure tests will be made on whites and ivories. In addition a series of exper asure tests are contemplated where a direct comparison will be made of the ^various individual varnish vehicles used in Enameloid. Non-chalking rutile |Ti02 will be the only pigment, and the pigment-binder ratio will be kept conIstant. Enanels will be tinted to light gray. White Enameloid Lab.. No. Date of Formula Vehicle Used BC 592 6-20-50 (1567) Ester gum-C.W.O.'-linseed (2946)EA Ester gum-Phenolic-C.W.O. BC 595 9-27-40 (3111) (4100) Linseed alkyd P. E. alkyd BC 594 1-23-41 (3110) Linseed alkyd (4100) P. E. alkyd BC 595 6-12-41 (6150) (4100) i (6100) Maleic rosin linseed alkyd, P. E. alkyd Maleic rosin soya alkyd. BC 596 BC S31 BC 598 10-1-42 12-1-42 5-21-45 (2848)N P. E. Polypale Dehydrol (3848) E P. E. Rosin linseed (4850)N Piccolyte Polypale Linseed 0007-SWP-044904 0007-SWP-000114274 -7- M. VAN LOO Cont. fte- Confc. Ivory Bnanseloid Lab. No. BC S00 Date of Fornrila 8-31-59 Vehicle Used (40) Heat Bodied Linseed ( 2945) EA Ester gum-Phenolie-C7:0-linseed BC 601 1-30-40 (2841)G Mod. Phenolic-Dehydrol (2843) GS Mod. Phenolic-maleic linseed BC 602 BC 632 BC 604 BC 612 5-20-42 1-17-45 7-6-45 8-21-45 (2343) G Mod. Phenolic-lin3eed (5346)E P. E, Rosin linseed (38S0)N Velsicol-Polypale linseed (5850)N Gray Series Velsicol-Rosin-Dehydrol / Lab. No. Varnish BC 816 BC G17 BC 618 BC 619 BC 633 BC 621 BC 639 BC 625 BC 624 BC 625 BC 626 BC 627 BC 626 BC 629 Porch and Perl Paints (4100) (2943) BA (2348)N (2847)N (3843)E (4850)H (1567) (3111) (6100) (2945) EA (2B45)GS (2043) G (S850)N ' (2S41)G P* E. alkyd Ester gum-phenolic-C.JT.O. P, E. Polypale Dehydrol Hnleic-castor-linaeed P. E. Ho sin-linseed Picoolyte-Polypale-linseed Ester gum-C,N,0.-linseed 1 Linseed alkyd Maleic rosin soya, alkyd E3ter gum-Phenolic-C.W.O.-linseed Mod. Phenolic-Maleic linseed Mod. Phenolic-linseed Velsicol-Polypale-linseed Mod. Phenolic-linseed In cooperation with the Varnish Research division a series of Porch id Deck paints were made to further evaluate the exterior exposure value of L* series of varnishes paralleling the Enaneloid series, and the clear varnish {exposures prepared by the Vami3h Research division. The first series included the following formulas: 0007-SWP-044905 0007-SWP-000114275 8- - M. VAN LOO Cotit. Opaque Pigment Varnish in Vehicle 2174 dry, Non-Ch2lking (2831)C and (2896)C Congo Varnishes Rutile Ti02 2140 dry, Titanox RC (3850)N Velsicol-Polypale linseed ARV 3120 East India varnish DEV 886 60$ Rosin, 40$ East India 414 W Leaded Zinc (2845)GS Mod. Phenolic-Maleic linseed 2140 dry, Titanox RC (2841)G Mod. Phenolic-Dehydrol 2140 ary, Titanox RC (2Q45)G Mod. Phenolic-Unseed pr 725 G * (284S)GS Stock varnish fer lg' This series has been put on exposure on 8" x 24w yellow pine panels fcas two coat work, 45 south in Chicago end Florida under panel numbers 7391 - 390. . This series was supplemented try a more elaborate series which included jjseveral regular Porch and Deck formulas and covered the additional varnishes in S|the Enameloid and clear exposures. Two series were prepared, one using the ^regular leaded zinc pigmentation of 5-20-42 and the other using 2140 dry* Titanox RRC rutile titanium calcium. The leaded zinc formulas employed (2841)G (regular formulae of 2-1-40 ind 5-20-42), (5048)E, (2946)EA, (2845)GS, (2945) EA, (2845) G, (429) (including regular of 9-20-27), (1567), (2843)N. He titanium calcium formulas include fthese varnishes plus ARV 3120, ARV 5160, (2847)5 maleic rosin-Neofat #19 TG Dehydrol, (48S0)N, (5350)N, (6100), (3111), and (4100), These varnishes have been identified previously. It must be mentioned that all the above do not have practical consistencies, but are included for complete coverage. Jha various paints will be exposed in Chicago and Florida, as were the original series. ;-l05 - Metal Protective Paints Examination was made at 1900 hours in 3$ salt spray of tha series of 52-P_iq and special primers on which the condition was reported at 1200 hours Is last month'3 report. The series, evaluated on the basis of general appear ance follows: 0007-SWB-044906 0007-SWP-000114276 -9- M. VAN LOO Cont. Cont. 1. Slight blistering and rusting 52-P-18 - Regular P.V.C. - 1817 - Surfex as inert P.V.C. -4$ it n >j($ " " "" 'i " Special Primer per Van Loo - P.V.C. 57.S5& ti it ii ' n it ii 405S Slight rusting - considerable blistering Regular 52-P-18 11 ii - but 215 dry - blanc fixe as inert n 11 11 1220 " - red iron oxide for raw sienna 11 n 554 11 _ black iron oxide for raw sienna --------- " -P.V.C. to 55$by Surfex as inert Other panels in this series reported last month were remo-ved from [exposure at 1200 hours because of poor condition. This total series has now {been discontinued. It will be noted that Surfex can be U3ed at a much higher fp.v.c. than magnesium silicate without serious rusting. In connection with the above series fire retardant tests were run on he Surfex series at P.V.C.'s of 40, 45, 50, 55 and 6($ versus regular 52-I>-13 fand the proposed Maritime 52-MC-29 (Tent.) primer. The technique used was that |of using 0.005" draw-downs of the primer with a 0.005" draw-dorm of a top coat lof 52-P-22 Fire Retardant Sard-Gloss at ri$it angles. The temperature of the Rttuffle was held at 1350 <F. for the te3t. In these series of tests the two coat [System bliBtered and peeled in all eases. However, there were marked differgences in the condition of the primer coat. cjs-p-ae -P.V.C. to 6<# by Surfex - condition good, n 11 58ji tt 1* -- fair - good. k n tl 50 ti it fair ir: M II 45$ w it - fair. - regular . - fair. b' 52-MC-29 (Tent.) - fair. h:. 52-P-18 - P.V.C. to 4055 by Surfex - poor. The results seem to be in f.dr.- agreement as to what was to be expected on the basis of the salt spray data. However, the performance of the primers are influenced to some extent ty the decomposition of the calcium car bonate, rhieh tends to produce blistering and subsequent peeling. Since poro sity of the film detracts from rust inhibition but favors performance on the fire test, those two properties do not reach their maximum in the same "formula. 0007-SWP-044907 0007-SWP-000114277 -10- M. VAH LOO Pont. inficial Studies p: . Examination was conducted on a series of proposed Maritime primers Bursas 52-P-1S and T-1602 - Engineer's.primer. After'exposure to # salt spray [for 1G00 hours, the condition of the panels in general were the same as In last month's report. Summarizing the te3t results briefly: (Pigmentations are given the August report): 1. Slight rust and considerable blistering Base formula using RA 421 - 39-2J6 P.V.C, V Special Base Formula #2 using RA 421 - 59.2^ P.V.C. _ Base formula using RA 419 - 39.2$ P.V.C. 52-P-18 - regular formula - 40.P.V.C. |r.';' 2. Considerable rust and blistering "A" modification of base formula using RA 420 - 37.36 P.V.C. iigit . it n ir n n b 36." iipn it n ii ii it it _ 37,7^ ii !; / S. Bad rust and blistering "B" modification of Base Formula using RA 420 - 59.6^ P.V.C. Base Formula using HA 420 - 33.2!i P3V;GA T-1G02 Spec. - 36;2^ P.V.C. Very bad rust and blistering Sp. Base Formula #1 using RA 421 - P.V.C. 57.2^ As reported in August the vehicle used for the proposed p'rimer was the 52^30-21 specification, a 25# phthalic anhydride linseed alkyd. ^1419 contained Z% of a V bodied linseed oil in the cook to obtain the Enquired C-E body at 50# solids. t RA 420 contained a small amount of maleic Rooked at higher temperatures, end RA 421 contained a larger, amount cooked at Tower temperatures. The scored side of the panels all seemed to exhibit about the same Iamount of rust creep. However, when stripped the scored sides exhibit rusting po every case in agreement with the above evaluation. The 52-P-16 panels ^showed considerable blistering on the scored side of the panel, with much less ' istering on the unscored side. However, except for the scores very little Crusting had taken place under the blisters. It was very evident that corrosion Sinhorent in the moisture occluded in the blisters had been inhibited by the |8inc chromate. The proposed Maritime 52-MC-29 formula showed very much less |blistoring on the scored side of the panel than the 52-P-18 Bureau of Ships |fonaula. Salt spray exposure of these panels has been discontinued. 0007-SWP-044908 0007-SWP-000114278 1 it* -11- a. VAN LOO Cont. Panels have been prepared for exterior exposure of this series as pell as msny variations of these r-iiich are in the process of being evaluated the salt spray nooiline and by innersion tests in distilled and salt water, gin this way further data will be obtained with respect to correlation to be pexpacted with salt spray and blistering tests versus exterior exposure. In the September report, mention was made of the tests of Ferrous jijaoniuia. Phosphate as a rust inhibit!ve pigment. Similar panels were made Kfith paints on the Bureau of Ships 52-P-18 formula in riiich 30# of the zinc fthromate volume had been displaced by an equivalent volume of Ferrous Ammon ium Phosphate. No difference was noted in blistering or recovery when the panels v/ere submerged in either distilled ov salt water. Salt spray tests, after 730 hours, showed some preference for the Ferrous Ammonium Phosphate containing paints. However, the advantage is only jfery slight and the work is to be repeated and checked. Panels 7380-90 C were prepared for exposure at 45 south in Chicago, Ising cold rolled steel panels with an over-all spray coat of the primer, with he upper half of each panel carrying a top coat of Low Visibility Gray 52-MC-3. Salt spray tests on the Lead Industries Association materials show |np'differences to date. #177 - Pigment Studies We have received from Gloucester a sample of Tio2> lot G 576, for Evaluation in exterior finishes. This material has been made.up in a modified Exterior formula which includes TiO- and Magnesium Silicate a'3 the only pigTaentation, and in Hex 710 - Enameloid Rhiie. These have been put on acceler ated exposure for the study of chalking rate. Thus far no chalking has taken place. ; In evaluation of the Gloucester material we can report that the color Sis not equal to either 1405 dry or 2173 dry, being slightly lower in brigitaess SSld slightly dirty in color. Opacity evaluations have been delayed due to trouble which has been accuntered with the reflectometer. However, it can be said from visual Observation that the Gloucester material is not equal to 1403 dry in hiding. gji tv 0007-SWP-044909 0007-SWP-000114279 -20- IMULSION RBHSAflCIt DEPAHffiEHT jjhfil - Emulsion Binder Paints A. Kem-Tone Deep Colors The problem of uniform surface appearance of the deeper colors of err-Tone is very complex and has relation to many factors, some of rhich have tot been isolated. In the last month 45 formulas have been made in tile laboratory and shaded to Aqua Blue, a color selected for its troublesomeness in lack of uni formity upon drying. These were reduced, and applied over wall paper and pre viously Rem-Toned surfaces. Prime pigments used were rutile titanium and some experimentals also contained lead titanate with the. purpose of increasing washability. The latter, however, showed some disadvantage in ghosting and streaking and was discontinued for various other reasons. In a 100 gallon formula rutile was varied from 100 pounds, which was definitely low in covering to 150 pounds, which was adequate in respect 'to hiding. , . Celite was varied from zero quantity to 250 pounds per 100 gallons, d in general it was found that the higher the quantity of Celite, the loss trouble was experienced due to streaking. The level in' most of the formulas "eld Celite at 100 pounds, hut a higher final quantity is indicated. Atomite has been U3ed in a considerable number of formulas and varied from 80 pounds to 250 pounds per 100 gallons. So far there has been no correla- Lor. between those batches which showed promise and the Atomite content, . ,':Talc has also' been? used in some formulations ranging from 25 pounds to 50"pounds per 100 gallons.;,. In those formulas with a low talc content there Seemed to ba no' advantages 'apparent, but in the cases ihere talc was extremely and the only other inert in use being Celite, superior uniformity in the led film was observed. While mica has never been of any advantage in regard to color uniform ity, we hava never proven that it does have adverse influence in the quantity nually used. ' r. Many of the experimentals made gave fairly satisfactory results in tiro coat application, but all .showed some undesirable characteristics over some papers in one coat. On the other hand, we also found some papers that gave ''tpiits satisfactory one coat results. Moreover, it was found considerately easier to achieve one coat results ove?*MicToned surfaces than overt-some 1f vfte wnll papers used. 0007-SWP-044910 0007-SWP-000114280 . -21- liiulsion Research Department ______ Cont._____________ It was Found in the case of one of the very difficult Trail papers, -that if the paper was thoroughly washed before Rem-Toning, that streaking was `.'negligible over the washed portion, but moat undesirable over the unwashed .portion. It was also observed that the viscosity of application has some part (.in the complex picture, for in some formulas, if the viscosity of application ;was low, i.e., 16 - 24 seconds, on standard Ford cup, streaking was much more pronounced than application at 30 - 35 seconds. From another series of tests it wa3 found that the tall oil soap's were apparently contributing to the delinqu. ency of the formulation, and then fonitted showed a slight improvement in dry film appearance. Consequently, ] most of our latest experimentala have been on a tall oil-free base, substi tut ting rosin and ester gum vehicles for the oleoresinous binder. It ms also found that an increase in the percentage of Lecithin and ^.protective colloid proteins employed contributed some improvement in the ' . direction desired. Clay was shown fairly conclusively to be detrimental, by incorpora :tion in formulas of satisfactory nature without clay, which showed up poorly Rafter incorporation of it. ' We have also tried to shade the base with colors dispersed in oil, thinking that by thi3 means the color could be effectively tied down. Die ^formulation did not provB an advantage. Another set of colors were ground with inerts such as Celite and i talc and these seemed to give a slight advantage over the standard shading bases. A recent trial in plant batches has been room tested with encouraging .results in both Aqua'and Montrose Coral shades. Its formula is as follows: 150 pounds 2269 Rutile Titanium 150 IT 2077 Celite 250 11 2263 Talc 208 n Ro3in-Protein BX 606 204 ii 6 Casein BX 6Go 2182 Wetting Agent 1S2 it 100 2n (12)W V-17117 Rater Gum V> {4090) Pb Drier 2 ii {4092} Co Drier sliding colt ra ground with C slita and talc .1: 0007-SWB-044911 0007-SWP-000114281 -22- ' finulsion Research Department Cent.______________ j k -; This formula gave some difficulty in plant manufacture because of the Plater requirements of the pigment used. Further laboratory work is to`be done 'from this formulation to see that can be accomplished in the factory problem. It is also intended to increase the amount of oleoresinous binder to !note the influence upon the final product both as to working properties and dried film characteristics. Results so far indicate that one coat work will suffice in a majority Jof cases, with two coats necessary in difficult cases. No one factor investifgated seems to bear a sizable relation to the solution of tho problem of the j'deeper colors, but each seems to contribute through its balance to a more ^desirable end product. ' B. Wetting and Emulsifying Agents Comparative conductivities of various wetting agents. 28 wetting agents were examined thoroughly with the use of a ^conductivity bridge. Impurities in the form of electrolytes can be detected a direct reading in ohms. Results are tabulated below of 1J wetting agent in' aqueous solution. 1st Series - Competitive Wetting Agents Nekal Bx salt-free (IT shipment) " n n (100 pound shipment) hn " " (10-18-43 shipment) it n (original sample) Nekal Bx High Concentrate Duponol MR Santomerse D Santomerse #3 Nacconol SFT Nacconol NRSF - 2182 Dry Aresket 300 '` pH 6.1 6.1 5.82 5.8 6.0 7.4 6.25 6.4 6.1 6.15 6.1 Ohms 1870 1840 2150 2800 2030 4000 4680 5400 3400 3570 3300 Nekal somples-Show a presence of more electrolytes than tho others, [Recent shipments of Nekal Bx salt-free are more comparable to the Nekal Bx fHigh Concentrate sample than the original salt-free sample. Sc It should be noted that the Santomer3es have a higher resistance than R Nacconol NRSF or SFT indicating a lower salt content. 0007-SWP-044912 0007-SWP-000114282 '* V, m -25- - Cent, Boulsion Research Department Cont. 2nd Series - CP935 - Concentration 0,3$ of Active Wetting Agent. [Lot &1. |7 P 9 fio Bi 112 Ks HL4 [16 &7 &? feo [21 K2 % Active 30 31 55.4 34.5 26.5 3G.8 51.5 29.8 29.2 21.0 27.8 26.6 23.7 24.6 36.8 16.5 35.1 Total Solids 36 38 43 42 34 40 58 38 . 38 / 31 55.5 37.5 53 35 43 27 38 ' Gm/100 ec HbO .335 .322 .282 .290 .577 .272 -.194 .356 .342 .458 .360 .376 .422 .406 .272 .606 .285 b !L JResis tance/Ohms 10.3 9.1 6.2 6.95 9.5 6.0 8.6 -8.7 10.0 9.55 6.3 8.8 5.46 9.4 6.4 5.7 6.0 ' 2000 2820 3520 3560 2620 3280 4100 2550 2580 2250 2680 2290 2300 2300 2920 1470 2250 . Graphs were plotted, comparing solids, pH, and resistances of the above solutions. It was found that the more neutral the solution the hi^aer to -resistance and that the higher the per cent of active ingredients the higher _tte resistance. The third graph showed that thosa vdth higher per cents of active ingredients tended to be more neutral-solutions. The. amount of impunity Paeans to be in indirect proportion to the per cent of active ingredients, e.g., Lot 11 51,5^ active ingredients 4100. ohms to lot 22, 16.5 active ingredients L470 ohmB. ' C. Proteins and Protein Substitutes ^12^ protein solutions were prepared with various proteins using the ' following formula: 533 gm distilled water) Soak 10 minutes 76 " protein 4 " Dovdcide A .4 " "G 9.5" Borax 7 " Ammonia ) Add at 140 F. ) Add at 160 F. and ) heat for 10 minutes longer. 0007-SWP-044913 0007-SWP-0001 -24- Eaulsion Research Department ______ Cont,______________ a. 12$ casein solution was excellent in every detail, pH - 8.65. Very ,viscou3 solution, smooth, cohesive. Dispersion and preparation was very easy. -.Under microscopic examination, there appeared only small single globules. b. 12% corn protein required more ammonia and heating at higher temperaItures for dispersion. pH 8.6. However, the final product was a very poor one, /separating but in two fractions. The solution had little viscosity, was not 'smooth, no cohesion. Microscopically particles of various sices were evident, ranging from huge agglomerates to small globules twice the diameter of those ; of unsein. c. 12$ Prosein gave a solution having a consistency similar to that of flour paste, appearance was slightly more smooth in that the particles were of /uniform size, high viscosity, bit no cohesion. pH - 9.17. Microscopic examina'.tion showed poor dispersion, particles being of fairly large uniform size. d. 12$ alpha-protein, pH 8.77. Appearance smooth, some viscosity, plight cohesion. Microscopically, particles were of various sizes. The solu tion, all in all, was better than corn protein. e. 12$ Aratein 80, pH 8.82, did not disperse well. Large particles in Jthe final product were still evident to the naked eye. Viscosity fair, `cohesion slight. Microscopic examination showed smaller various sized particles. f. 12$ corn protein solution r/ith Tail Oil was prepared from the following /formula: 190 gm distilled water) goaj 3.0 minute3 76 " protein ) 4 11 Dowicide A 4 Dowicide G 100 distilled water 37 Tall oil formula 5 borax 10 ammonia 207 distilled water The final product was a very much improved solution over the 12$ Vcorn protein plain. pH - 8;78, some viscosity, slight cohesion, Microscopic examination showed small globules and particles from the Tall Oil vehicls.. 2. Work with Aratine (Wesco) Solution of Aratine was attempted. It was discovered that soaking of .the protein, careful heating and control of the advent ammonia, were neces sary for a satisfactory solution. Soaking in water was carried out over night, followed by heating the next morning up to 100 F. The addition of ammonia was controlled to give a pH of about 8.0 during the solution. Excess ammonia darlcens the solution. Considerable agitation was necessary. The temperature .v an notation ranged from 70 F. to 100 F. The final solution had 0007-SWF-044914 0007-SWP-000114284 -25- Qnulsion Research Department _____________ Cont. b'.jh61 - Coni. t6ome viscosity, little cohesion, was not entirely smooth in texture. A test batch of Rem-Toae was prepared using the Aratine as protein $ base. The product gave the following test results: Viscosity 17" (5096 reduc tion), pH - 8.72. Erushing fair, wet edge fair. General appearance, no body, ITno cohesion." Wet panel odor strong, not too good. Brush 7/ash In water was j-poor, in soap, good. Further work on peptizing agents on pigmented protein films. Two additional test batches were prepared containing two and four tines as much sodium hydroxide as used in a former test carried out in Septem ber . The wax pick test wa3 applied at the same test intervals. Results showed H no improvement in film strength "with the increase of sodium hydroxide, peptiz- .ing agent. This is contrary to claims made by American Maize for this treat- ^ment, - 4. Further work on chlorination of casein. 25 gras casein were suspended in 500 cc of a number of slight acid "solutions in calibrated graduates. The expansion of the particles in the ^solutions is recorded below. jfc Hydrochloric Acid pH 1.8 El cc in 500 cc dist. water ^Phosphoric Acid pH 2.0 E"1 cc in 500 cc dist. HoH Orig. v'ol. 2-1/2 oz. 2 oz. 30 Min. 5 oz. 7 oz. 1 Hour 7 oz. 3 Hours '.5 OZ; 10 oz. 11 oz. R.Acetic Acid pH 5.25 cc in GOO cc dist HoH | Boric Acid pH 4.2 t;20 go in 500 cc dist. ItoH 2-1/4 oz. 5 oz. 2-1/2 oz. . 3 oz. 4 oz. ' 4 oz. 4 oz. 4 oz. At the end of 3 hours soaking of particles in the solutions a fairly rapid stream of chlorine gas was passed through the solutions for 30 minutes. | The chlorinated particles were then washed with water, filtered, and dried at jS room temperature. In all cases the treated caseins were soluble in dilute {. alkali, insoluble in water. Solutions wore made to be tested for inherent jh' bacteriostatic powers.' 0007-SWP-044915 0007-SWP-000114285 JL -26- 61 - Cont. Emulsion Research Department Cont. ___________ Degree Darkness pU-24 Hrs, 43 Bacter: pH of Solution After Inoc. Hrs. Count Untreated casein bontrol 8.8 HC1 suspended casein o*8 -phosphoric acid sus. cas. 8*8 "Acetic acid Susp. casein 8.5 -.Boric acid " " 8.8 Light Dark 1 (most) Dark 4 (least) Dark 2 Dark 3 -jli 5. Deodorization of off-grade casein. 8.8 8.45 8.5 8.65' 8.55 8.7 8.3 8.4 S.6 8.55 2000 1 5 72 100 Casein batches and subsequent Ken-Tone were prepared from a casein shipment from Cleveland, rhich had been wetted in shipping end consequently had discolored and giving an acrid unpleasant odor. Discolored lumps were broken up to some extent; however, there were still some lumps in the prepared casein atches; there were none in the final Kern-Tone. The following casein batches were prepared. pH of Product Bact. Count a. Casein control using stock casein b. Control using wetted casein c. Wetted casein with x wt. sodium perborate replacing borax' ' Wetted casein rath 3 xrit. sodium perborate replacing borax 9.5 8.9 9.0 9.5 0 0 0 0 Kem-Tone batches were prepared from the casein batches. *iK Fresh Odor Vise. L50&- Vise, (?JL pH Bact. Count a. SI. ammonia, si. pine oil . 14" ,b. SI. casein, flat, si. unnatural 22" c. Slight peroxide More than 2' 28" d. Slight peroxide tt H 28" 8.84 0.78 8.88 8.92 0 0 0 0 The wetted casein can safely be utilized in the manufacture of KenTone. The ude 2 x wt. sodium perborate replacing borax is recommended as the final product gives a more pleasant odor. The addition of sodium perborate in a casein formula creates a considerable increase in viscosity. This should be taken into consideration. Odor tests are now being carried out. 0007-SWP-044916 0007-SWP-000114286 LJ -27- ilnulsion Research Department Cont. _____________ Cont. Bacteriological Work Evaluation of Preservatives Compound G-4 Pure (Givaudan-Delawanna) 5% casein solution containing following % preservative were prepared, inoculated, observed for changes win pH, and also plate-counted frequently. rl' S.- .m' 05$ [3. .0255s -.01256 f5. .005^ Fe.-.oos^ fl. .001556 p. .000856 ,9. .0004# pH 24 Hrs. 8.9 8.9 8.85 8.88 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.84 8.8 43 Hrs. 3.8 8.8 8.7 8.85 8.6 8.8 8.'3 8.7 8.65 96 Hrs. 8.8 0.8 8.8 8.7 8.6 8.65 8.6 G.6 8.2 Count at 96 Hrs. _ 20 400 400 - 144 Hrs. 8.6 8.55 8.5 8,55 8.1 - - (.Comment The solubility of the above preservative in casein solution was less than the technical grade below. Compound G-4 Technical powder as above. 1% .0556 .025J6 OI256 .OQ6J6 .00356 ,001556 .000856 .0004* pH 24 Hr3. 8.9 8.9 8.9 . 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.88 8.05 8.B 48 Ilrs. 96 Hrs. 8.8 8.0 0,9 8.8 8.8 8.9 8.85 8.85 8.6 8.8 8.8 3.7 8.7 8.7 8.75 8.7 8.7 3.1 Count at 96 Hrs. 30 400 25 1600 250 - . - 144 Hrs. 3.6 8.6 3.6 8.1 _ _ Soaevfcat better results were obtained with the Technical grade due the greater solubility of the latter in the casein solution. Both grades tnade good showings inasmuch-ca those of higher concentrations were still stable fin 144 hours. 0007-SWP-044917 0007-SWP-000114287 -23- Enulsion Research Department Cont.______________ Odor Tests Check on Swift casein extenders. \`!P i097 Control W 1099 Extender #2 WP 1101 Mfd. 6-21-43 Vi3c. 3G" (12 to 5) pH 8.4 11 25" (12 to 5), 8.4 ", 25" (12 to 5) 8.4 The extenders replaced the casein in the test batches. The odors : jji all cases wore not putrid during the test period, A slight rancid or oxirdized oil odor was prevalent the greater portion of the tine. Mold growth ^'developed later in all cai-tons. Evaluation of V ehicles and. Oil Conservation The following three vehicle's were evaluated in Rem-Tone as replace ments for V-17093. T 624 (320) Composition (348) (293) RA 638-44 1 RA 638-M 2 RA 658-M 5 250 245 237.5 175 . 175 175 50 30 0 25 25 25 ; *(2251) - 20J> solution of Dowicide 6. (2231)* 25 62.5 Results of Testa. * .,, Emulsion Brushing Stability Settling 5 `14 30 Wash Test RA G33-M 1 RA 653-M 2 RA 638-M 3 V. good V. good V. good OK V. sli^it 100 86 165 OK Done 89 87 108 OK None 100 100 . 150 The following vehicles, produced from Tall Oil by the'Resin Research ^Department were evaluated in Keii-Tone. RA 656-M a RA 656-M 22 RA 656-M 23 RA 656-M 24 Contains a Tall Oil amide. w n Tall Oil-Phosphoric Acid Product " " Tall Oil amide. " n Tall Oil anide product. 0007-SWP-044918 0007-SWP-000114288 -29- Baulsion Research Department Cont. Results of Tests. Emulsion Viscosity Brushing . Stability Settling Wash Test 5_ 14 30 V 17095 30" Good Good V. slight 100 86 165 RA S56 Ivi--21 25 Good V. good Rone 115 140 180 RA 856 K-ZZ 43 Excel. Good None 77 100 200 RA 656 M-25 74 V. good V. good None 110 93 160 RA 656 M-24 16 Fair Fair None 155 215 280 Tho following vehicle, V 17108, is similar to V 17095, except that the tall oil is partially esterified, Emulsion Brushins Stability Settling Wash Test 5 14 50 Excel. Good Good Poor Slight Cons. 127 226 180 195 187 230 F. Resin Emulsion Gloss Paint Developments Forznulative work is progressing on selection of the proper pig ments to U3e for the production of the most full development of gloss in the final film. _ .. One system has been temporarily selected for pigmentation, and a variety of vehicles are now being used to -note their influence in combina tion with the standard pigment. Drying of the final film after application is now under study, and at present drying is far fron satisfactory. There have been sons encouraging results in the past in regard to this problem, but a consider able amount of work must be done. Alkyds seem to give better drying charac teristics when the emulsion breaks than the ester gum vehicles first used, but the alkyds seem to show poor gloss as compared with ester gum vehicles. Biulaion characteristics have been improved noticeably with one of a series of commercially available emulsifying agents, and it is planned to test a 3orios of similar materials in varying concentrations to note the effect upon brushing, washing of the dry film, and stability upon aging. In a recent test a laboratory formulation was applied with a five inch brush without undue hardship in application. It la decidedly easier to apply as to pull on the brush than conventional enamels, but not as free as Rem--Tone. 0007-SWP-044919 0007-SWP-000114289 LAM A v.ti&w- -50- Emulsion Research Department Cont._____________ Inasmuch as there are other approaches to the prohlem Of a semi-gloss Iwater thinned paint than the one above, work.has been started on other means to |the end in view. Kem-Tone High Dry Hiding Developments Development work is under way on the formulation of a Ken-lone which 5'will have a lower amount of prime pigment per gallon than standard, yet vjhen "dry, tiie film will have approximately the same covering power a3 the standard. The following chart is a comparison of the two types of formulations: Standard Kem-Tone Base A Base B Pounds Hiding Units Pounds Hiding Units Lithopone Titanium 400 no - 10,800 13.770 24,570 400 10,800 100 12.500 24,300 High Hiding Type Lithopone 400 10,800 Titanium 55 6.880 17,680 400 10,800 45 5.630 16,430 will show very close to the samei degree of |dry hiding when tested over Horost sheets. This saving in titanium dioxide jfcis accomplished by increasing the pigment volume from 20 gallons - now stamdJard - to 25 gallons proposed. Thi3 is an increase of 2J?t over the standard product. By such alteration a titanium savings sill vary between 10 and 3Q3>. The vehicle used will be appreciably lowered in tali' oil content and increased in the amount of bodied oils present. This will compensate for the increased amount of pigment bo 3ome extent. Further cork is under way on ? these formulations. H. Kem-Tone Quality Control Examination of Kem-Tone production from the various Kem-Tone plants continues. Batch samples received are tested, for weight per gallon, pH, vis cosity, shade, washability, odor, brushing properties, and emulsion stability. FolloTdng are the number of samples received and tested during the past month: 0007-SWB-044920 0007-SWP-000114290 -51- Enulsion Research Department _______Coat._____________ HZfii - Con-t Plant Semples & ' Chicago 306 Cleveland S3 Newark 50 W'- Detroit 26 3&.' ' TV- Oakland 17 Supplementary to the laboratory tests, 8 room tests were completed. - Wall Paper Evaluation (a] Samples of Style Perfect wall paper submitted by United Paper Company are being received daily. The wall paper is tested for waahability, fade resistance, adhesion, brittleness and design flaws. .. Results indicate that United are continuing to maintain the Equality of the'well paper at a high standard. (b) Samples of Rem-Tone Trims are also being checked quite fre cently. The latest shipments of samples show considerable improvement over aat month'3 production. No work was done during the month on the following projects: 170 - Army-Haw Specification Work [#174 - Oleoroslnous Wrinkle Varnishes #175 - Blackout and Camouflage Paints 0007-SWP-044921 0007-SWP-000114291 -5- K. VA LOO Gout. At a. 2 to 4-hour drying tine of tho fHu before testing, and with petroleum ether as a solvent, a rapid percolation-reflux nethod will give fully as dependable results as the tiac-consur-ing Soshlat extraction. A rough average of all compatible results shown that somewhat less oil is absorbed, by fius-grain cedar siding fron "neutralised" oil paint than fron ilex 450. Two of the most stubborn problems have been: (a) Hrror due to incomplete loss of colvont fron tho seni-driod filn. (b) Rx'ror duo to the taking up of coiloidalised "fines" fron the pigpen, t (also possibly load and sine soaps) by tho solvent. Current trials should show whether' or not these sources of error can be elicinatou within the practical limits of importance of the problem - Pignant- Studies PaneIls 7580-7 Cof. end J wore placed on exposure during the month fevering tho special lots of treated Canadian fuao loaded line doscribod in the Mptonbor epox't. Tho paints were node on the SV5P tint base fonoula, card #25 rich calls for 1526 dry. The replacement wars on the basis of equal zinc oxide .intent, adjusting with basic load carbonate. Hie paint3 woi'o tinted to ucitch HP1462 Cream and SEP 335 Slate, paiuted over 450 Unfiorcoater, and exposed at ffeyville and Florida. ,. Panels 7078-83 -J, exposed vartieidly both south and north at Chicago, jro discontinued after 22 weeks (b ic t c ? end fall) closure. Elis series was 33igned as a special accelerated exterior exposure tost to evaluate, the chalking denciea cf various titeniuni oxides when used in. house paints. The pignonta lon consisted of one part Ii03 - to two parts of magnesium silicate, with the wider essentially 0/50 raw linsoed/bodiod linssod by voluno. Iho pignent- ccnfcratien was 491/ to accentuate chalking. Hie paints wore applied 450 Undercoater. Era paints showed cradling and erosion in loss than two months, both jouth and north, and very bad cracking and erosion at 22 rooks. Ratings at one Seek intervals fron tho start of die exposure indicate xho following order in. cliolking and increasing dirt collection: Titanox A, Ti-Pure R 200, ^tunox RA-10--MO, Titanox RA-10-L0, Titanox AA, and Unitone R-250. The last wore tile only ones to accumulate nore than a noderate anount of dirt on the flouth exposure before chalking and cleaning started. 0007-SWP-044922 0007-SWP-000114292 M. VM LOO ___ Coat. '/'/ - Mildew Inhibitors Ponds 6245-8 F wore oxauinod of tor 13 months' exposure in Florida. "These panels compare S-V'13 Mildew Resistant Treated Unuercoater - Glosa White jtciu r;ith a shook sample of Cook's 1.1. ft. White and two of our laboratory repro ductions of Cook's formula. These panels wore of considerable interest in Aug ust, IS 42, when tliay shored the SV*P Mildew Resistant Treated Gloss White to be 'acrionsly v'.iscolored (yellor.dsli) at four ncnfchs, but uo rdldew, while Cook's .`showed heavy infest .tier, of Gilder/. At 1C months the situation is noro or less rover sod, with Cook's stock carpio having the fcpst appearance in the series, very white, and vdth only Moderate zsildew, while the SOP Mildew Resistant Tro&ted Gloss White is now Gefi-nitely greyish and seriously nildowed. The laboratory batches of Cook's paints show good whiteness 'out have almost as much nildor as the SSP guide. The Cook paints arc definitely inforior in durability as regards checking, cracking, and early erosion. The reversal of appearance apparently took place at about 12 to 14 norths' exposure in Florida. Chicago closures at ill sho7/ no differences worthy note. Further work uust be done. Painting of Bricks An exanination was ur.de of a series of stucco and concrete paints Lied approximately four yearc ago on (die south brick and cement wall on Builfi5ng 510 of the Kensington plant. The paints include S-Ti Brick and Stucco Paint .flex 15525, SYiP 450 ilndurccator, and a number of resin emulsion paints, including Reaicote TJhite #500, Cook's Rosin Emulsion Paint, aid Nev, England Whiting Resin .Paint. Several other brick and cement coatings were also applied, such as 5-W 'Bonding Co u g h t, Medusa Portland Cement, Chlorinated Rubber Pricer 0J 152 C, etc., outlined bolov. 'ilia S-S7 Brick and Stucco Paint was in fairly good condition on all itests unsgardluss of tho reduction used. The only surfaces showing any flaking /and pealing wore those directly under the windows, where the rain washes down Concentrated chemicals. No differences in durability were noted due to various percentages of oil added to the first end second coats of Erick and Stucco Paint. SYJP 450 Undercoatsr snows nore cracking and peeling when used under 'Brick and Otucco Paint than the latter self-priced. Chlorinated Rubber Pricier iOj 152 C appoars to bo tec best pricier fvur.; tho durability standpoint, although there was soue localised pealing on tho concrete. From cur experience rath this priuor on ceaoni asbestos shingles v;e know this peeling could have been elimina ted if a durable finish coat such as SAP or Brick aid Stucco Point had been used. All resin ei.rulsicn paints used in the test allowed bad failure after four years' exposure. Tie lie tails tile examination follow: 0007-SWP-044923 0007-SWP-000114293 -9- M. VAN LOO Cont. M Studies in Flat Hall Paint Formulation Flat Yfell Palate Considerable tine mas spent on the development of a x-utile titanium calcion pigmentation for Flat-Tono which mould have reasonable coatrol of "posting1' ihd adequate washability, such us previously characterized tho lithopone-zinc 'sulphide formulation, . Tho prine purpose was to elininato tho zinc sulphide and /reduce raw material cost. A number of testa mere run using as tlie prine vehicle V 11152 Lined Xodletl Oil Reduced, in riiich the lice content was reduced to irprove the washairility. Variations ran iron 1100 to 700 of the lino theoretically required. The results did not chon any advantage in washability due to lower percentages of lino soaps. Robertson of Titaniun Pigment-Corporation stated that by far the nosb `nportant factor in controlling "ghosting" was tho acidity of tho binder, which it be reduced below a certain nininun to control penetration. To check this point, a number of tests were run using the very low acid vacuum bodied linseed oil ORG S'f in conjunction with Solutions of the neutral Volsicol end Piccolyta resins as tho vehicle for pigmentation with rutile titaniun calcium; In spite tho low acidity of the vehicle, tho tinted paints showed definite "ghosting" nr, 10 minute lop. The Varnish Rosearch Division developed a 40 gallon Dehydrol eater gun varnish ARV K2-3G or V 3.1151 which is showing considerable promise as a flat wall paint vehicle fox1 use with rutile titanium cslciua. V 11151 is far superior to 3TU152 in we.shabi3.ity as >7oll as "ghosting," and brings tho performance of the Jtile titaniun calcium pigmentation np to that'of tho earlier lithqponc-zinc sulphide combination. Formulations for Slat-Tone Yihito and tint base have been submitted to Cleveland for approval. Rased on tho above work, a now formula was developed for Paintorcraft Flat #10, U3ing V 11161. The pigmentation was changed fron onataso ta rutile ititfud;.!; . ocluium, maintaining the saao hiding. She new formula is equivalent in Quality and performance with c saving of 4-3/4/ per gallon in raw material coat ias compared with tho regular formula of 4-28-42, as shown by the following: Hiding Vchlclo Solids ../-ex 05310 4-28-42 21,000 units '12.60 Hx 6 5310 Proposed - OJ 964 G 23., 090 " 38.60 0007-SWP-Q44924 -10- M. VAN LOO Coni, demi-Lustre Experimental formulas for Semi-Lustre vhite and tints, utilizing ji( 56-18) B F. E. Rosin lineoed varnish, were developed and tested against standard "r'crmulutions. (58i8)E seems to give seni-glos3 wall paints equivalent in quality ito the standard products Thick used (6170), a maleic P. B. rosin linseed vehicle, [oats ate slightly higher. Substitute pigment combinations to conserve Ti02 end titanium calciui Itrere also checked in Semi-Lustre formulations. Substantial quantities of litiioIpone can be used satisfactorily with titanium calcium, and a combination of KLitlicpoue and. titanium barium equal to the standard pignontution for opacity, is Raise feasible. while these substitutions can be made with nd sacrifice in qual ity, the costs per gallon are increased considerably. r . Idle newly developed 40 gallon C3ter gun Deliydrol varnish V 11161 was ftried out in Semi-Lustre. Results tc dato are not encouraging duo to the high fiscosity at low solids of this vehicle. Enanelotd A sample of Cook's V 1055, u P. E. rosin. Defcydrcil variation of (3343)E |wcs evaluated and found to be a satisfactory enamel vehicle. It gave on enamel Every close in most respects to one made with regular (3018) S. Tack-free drying Ipas slightly faster but hardness as measured by the Sward Rocker was souemafc Ilower for the Deliydrol vehicle. Tic. tor and soap resistance were about equal. (Package stability over a three week period v/us good for both. The Dehydrcl vorInish showed less embrittlement in a film aged, for LO days than did the corre sponding linseed regular (5UiB)F. The comparative evaluation of typical Chameloid formulas fron 1950 to 'date, mentioned in the October report, has now bcun completed. Exposure panels described there ore now on test in Florida. Extracts from a separata .report Prepared from tile data accumulated follows: nEnamel Evaluation November 50, 1945 % 1. General Sta tocent !av material shortages and government restrictions have forced us to Juako many changes in the composition of our various Trade Sales products. It is - matter of speculation as to what extent the quality cf our nerchcnd' se has iccn affected by these changes in formulation. It is also a matter cf some -eueeru as to how our present natoriols compare v.ith competitive products. Thi;; "evaluation is on attempt to answer the above questions with p rospect to the quick drying housanold onnnel line. 0007-SWP-044925 0007-SWP-000114295 -3.1.. M. V/iN LOG Cont. ilo:i''lusior.vs v.hi to Enapels (a) Pi-os'cnt day production of Enauoloid Tliite using a P. E. Rosin Linbo o ..: or a riacolyto-i'olypolo Linseed vehicle is only slightly inferior to the bast we have over node. Tu g brightness, or "whiteness" is not AS good as that obtained when olkyds oro used end tho drying is sou-ashat slower. However, the dolor is superior to the earlier formula with the phenolic-wood oil vehicle. ft in onbri ttlocr-ait is narc rapid, but adhesion is hotter than then the cikyd taB vxs 3d. (b) Our current Enanoloid Tihite is superior to the Pittsburgh enu Scars Roebuck products end on a par with du Pout's and Levee's. It is sone|fcat inferior to Hu Iharnol 33hite, a preniwi priced uafcoriel. (This product is ^ntstandiag in opacity.) Tinted Snanels (a) Current production of Eunaoloid. Ivory is slightly inferior to foror production when modified phenolic rosins and tung oil vers available. The xop in quality i3 principally in lowered hot rater resiatanca end in 3oap or ;ali resistance. In other respects qviality has Loon uaintained quite well and aono cases inprevad. Bettor brushing, longer wet edge and freedou fron skinniug ia partially filled container';: uro characteristic df .present day production. .^j ' (b) i*h;._n.eloiu Ivory' is on a par v.lth the du Pont and Pittsburg procts aud superior to those of Hu iiuariol ind Sears Roebuck. It scene aligntly . ferior to the particular Devoo tints voich were tested. , (The. label analyses if those scrqd.es of "Bonoy" color indicate that they nay be old stock. One alysis shows "rlkyd" resin and idle other "phenolic" resin in the vehicle.) Eio Parfuruauco Rating charts which foll'.r, nay bo of interest. The tfalative inportonco assigned to each quolity in dr<v.?ing up these ratings is Arbitrary end vary nuch open to criticism Via do believe, hovz-over, that the ,3ml averagoa pick out tiic best and poorest encuaols cud inch.cato those which to c.ppraxiuatGly equivalent in quality. Selection of Runnels for Test Fomulas fer iinanolcid white and Jinmoloid Tints ("Ivory" was used us -t ing typical) ware carefully reviewed end for purposes of thi3 cveluatxon it Ji3 decided, to go bade to enuuols containing a wood oil-uodified phewHc rosin I'caicle as the; starting point. Laboratory batches of those forculas/* .-A of Idbsoquont revisions, were ground out end used in our testa. Sotelos of coupev-tive products wore purchased fron regular retail agencies in Chicago. They r'l'i as follows: 0007-SWP-044926 0007-SWP-000114296 -12- 1:1, VAN 100 Cent. dupont's "Duco" Phi to Enanel "War Baergency" du Pont'5 "Duco" Ivory Enanel "War Energency" Devoe and Reynolds "1'irrolnc" White Devoc and Rayuvlds "Mirrolac" Honey (Ivory not available) Dovoe end Reynolds "KiiTolac'1 Honoy (N) dears Roebuck and Co. Hastor-Hixed "dr-Hour Enanel" White Sears Roebuck and Co. Haster-Uixod "4-Hour Enabol"Ivory Hu Enanel Co. "Hu-EnanaL" White Nu Encael Co. "Nu-Knauel* Ivory Pittsburg Plate Glass Co. "Hatorspar" Enanel White Pittsburg Plate Glass Co. "Watox-spar" Enanel Old Ivory Tho enonels wore judged for: i (a) Drying, hardness and print resistance. (o) Yfatcr resistance. (o) Soap resistance. (u) Brushing properties. (e) Opacity. (f) File cnbrittlenent. (g) Brifitness (in case of YMte Encnds). ' Conpctitivo enanoLU were not penalized for excessive settling in con^ aer. We have no ray of knowing how long tko3e natoricls had been in storage, ppr grinds were also overlooked (as iu the caso of one of Devoo|& tints). Tie " ) net believe thi3 is generally characteristic of the enanel." Pan.el3 vrere attached to the report showing rosult3 of cold water end oiling wator tests, and soap tests, ond 0.003" draw-downs on L5ore3t charts to how relative opacities were also included. Tables allowing detailed results Ifollow! 0007-SWP-044927 0007-SWP-000114297 -24- M. VAN LOO Cont. Porch end Deck Paints Panels 7602-51 C and F were placed on exposure at Chicago end Florida covering the various Porch and Deck paints described in the October report. This 'series further evaluates the exterior exposure value of a series of varnishes paralleling the Ehameloid series, including both leaded zinc and rutile titanium calcium formulations. #105 - Metal Protective Paints * Ferrous Ammonium Phosphate 4. In the October report, results of tests using Ferrous Ammonium Phos phate in the Bureau of Ships 52-P-13 primer -were described. In that work, Ferrous [Ammonium Phosphate ms substituted for 50% of the zinc chromate volume. A simi lar series of tests has been run on the Maritime Commission's 52-MC-29 (Tent.) primer. In this second series Ferrous Ammonium Phosphate again replaced 30% of .'the zinc chromate "by volume. One exception is a paint in which. Ferrous Ammonium iPhosphate was substituted for tho entire zinc chromate volume normally contained. iV In these tests the Ferrous Ammonium Phosphate acted much like a mica. The film appeared quite porous and the material had practically no rust inhibi'tive properties by itself. A panel painted with the paint containing the 100$ (Substitution of the Ferrous Ammonium Phosphate for the zinc chromate showed all`over rusting after ?A hours in distilled water, vhereas those paints containing pc chromate are showing no rusting in distilled water after 12 days' immersion. In the salt water immersion tests of the 52-MC-29 (Tent.) primers no preference could be shown for the paints containing Ferrous Ammonium Phosphate. ;There was some. indication that the test material was somewhat less resistant to corrosion than the standard formula. Eli3 is counter to the results reported in October when testing in the 52-P-1B formulation. Salt spray tests on the -52-KC-29 (Tent.) have not progressed to a significant point. f Iron Oxide-Zinc Chromate-Magnesium Silicate Tests . In the report for August the results of salt spray tests on this ladder series were described end conclusions drawn regarding the merits of iron oxide versus magnesium silicate, and the optimum zinc chromate concentration for economy and protection. Elis series has now been repented under more care fully controlled conditions and have removed the anomalies within the set which oiscredited the earlier work. The conclusions from this repeat set are similar thqse in August, namely: 0007-SWP-044928 0007-SWP-000114298  .'Vi tO,x:v.1 "V -38EMOLSION RESEARCH DEPAfiMSNT reffi.61 - Emulsion Binder Paints A - Gloss Resin Emulsion Paints The work of the last month on the above topic has been toward the ^improvement of gloss and the development of washability. Successful washability 00 far has- been achieved with marked success, but at a sacrifice of gloss and ij-COlOX'. Through the great variety of formulas made we have been able to Kfind soma oleoresinous vehicles that give some promise of washability of them eselves. We have found that certain of these vehicles also have gloss high |enough to be considered for a full gloss lino. By blending them with alkyd Kvarnish.es greater washability has been obtained, but at a sacrifice in gloss into a low semi-lustre range. We have also found that certain highly colored catalytic materials |greatly aid in washability, but are objectionable on color grounds. Variation in the method and materials of manufacture of the pro----- ttective colloid also show a wide variation in results on drying and consequent ^washability. Test batches indicate that washability far superior to Rem-Tone tmay be anticipated in low gloss per mil semi-lustres. (Note; All formulations |have a high fhll-gloss angular sheen.) As yet there has been only, cursory examination of available amuLf silying agents, tut it also has been shorn that they have a very pronounced (influence on the formulation in regard to many important physical characterSistics such as gloss, washability of the brush, washability of the paint film, ^application characteristics, and the package stability of the product. A series of shading bases have been made and are being tested in |faemi-glosa formulas to observe the effect of aging upon the gLoss of shaded naterials. Age effects are of extreme importance and attention must be given |th^s detail. - Another approach to the problem of semi-gloss emulsion paint has ibeen started with the background of the work on T-1279 serving as base experi ence. Initial results showed poor washability also, but results on new wash |fcest panels show great promise. These materials, too, have high angular sheen, but low specular. '* .reflection. B - Outside Kem-Tone The nine formulations developed for outside exposure were painted out for wash tests and now have completed all tests. TJhile we make no claim that wash tests are directly related to outside durability, such tests 0007-SWP-044929 0007-SWP-000114299 -39- Emulsion fiesearch Department ___ _______ Cont.___________ _ jf'161 - Cont. introduce some of the offects of weather through the orosivo character of the cloth against the panel, and the thorough saturation of the surface with water - even more than in a rain. Inasmuch- as wash tests con ho cDepleted in a relatively short time they are the first tests to indicate the general direc tion formulations should take for greatest outside durability. A new factor has been developod to indicate in a single figure the quality of a formula in regard tc washability. Wa know from the great number of wasli tests in the past, that the best products continue to develop in washa- bility with tine due to r. progressive drying of the oil end the consequent effect of the drying oil or its ty-products upon the casein in rendering the casein more insoluble. ( Therefore we have proposed the waighted value called "The Rash Index Number" which results from the average number obtained from the "break" ct five days plus two times the value at fourteen days plus four tines the value at thirty days. Thus, in a single value we have on index to the quality of the tested material as tc its washability, and in some degree its general durability. < The nine formulations above mentioned showed the following "Wash Index Numbers." Number HP 1260 TP 1261 TP 1262 RP 1263 RP 1264 TP 1265 TP 1266 HP 1267 HP 1268 Rash Index Number -'296 193 111 150 3a 182 212 104 210 T " theso wash indox numbers wo arrivo at a .value of 205 and if we pick 23 production batches of Ken-Tone at random and figure the aver age wash index number wo arrive at a value of 134.. This is on indication that we may expect greater durability than from regular Ken-Tone formulations,, with our outside developments. Further, selecting the most promising of these formulas, and by a study of their compositions as cocpared with those of lesser quality, a rather clear direction seems indicated toward a generally tighter type of film -- i.e., a higher concentration of oleoresinous phase and a lower pigment concentration. 0007-SWP-044930 0007-SWP-000114300 -40- Bailsion Research Department Cent. fiSl - Cent. Also, the general trend of the vehicle is narrowed down to that of either an alkyd vehicle or possibly a very long heated bodied vehicle nay be of promise. Fomulations nade rath (320) show a tendency to yellow on outside exposure, but otherwise seen pronising. Castor oil (113) dries too slowly to show up well in wash, tests, but nay develop on outside exposure into a premis ing component of tila vehicle. A glycerine-neofat-phtfcalic alkyd showed the best wash tests of all the alkyds used. It regains to be found whether a high pr low resin per centage is the most effective type alkyd vehicle to use for exteriors. We have received a letter fron Mr. G.-G. Hohnann, that the gallon "sanples submitted for California exposure have been applied on suitable test buildings October 21. It is anticipated that a considerable passing of tine ; will be necessary to show failure of any of these naterials, so until sono [definite results develop fron our outside exposures wo will hnvo to proceed 'with newer formulas based upon results of wash index nunbers. We have also painted a series of ceneat shingles which were first raged on the side of a. residence for several year3 in comparison with sone that ]:have never been exposed to the weather. Inasmuch as there i.3 a large norkot Svfor painting and repainting these shingles, and bocause they are alkaline in ^nature, greater durability con be expected from resin enul3ion paints than fepresent conventional formulations. .Reports will'be .cade' of this development ([also froo tine to tine. 'V- * (See also the paragraph under glos3 resin eculsion developments jin relation to painting exteriors of denestie frane residences.) . .. ; * i0 - Wetting Agents Further work on conductivities of wetting agents. Five wetting ^Agents with varying degrees of conductivity wore selected and used in making |.test batches of Ksu-Tono to determine differences, if cny, in the final product. Wotting Agents and Properties of .1% Solution Control W? 1379 TiP 1380 TSP 1381 WP 1382 g? 1333 Nauconol (CP 935) Active 16.?* (CP 935) Active 31/o (CP 935) Active 51.5* Santonerse #5 0.15 5.7 9.1 8.6 6.4 R/Ohns 5570 1470 2820 4100 5400 0007-SWP-044931 0007-SWP-000114301 -41- Emulsion Research Department Cont._____________ ~fjtt61 - Cont. Water Paint Control .- TO? 1379 IP 1380 HP 1381 SP 1582 1 1383 to Wetting Agent Used .82% .45% .26% .45% Vise. Brush 50% pH ing Edge 28" 0.67 SI.drag Fair 40" 8.7 V.good 11 45" 8.71 V.good 40" 8.72 Good If II 49" 8.72 V. good Good Brush R/Ohms Wash 16.2% Soln. 1$ Soln. Good ir ir V.' good V. good 930 eoo 1100 '990 950 31100 10700 12100 11900 10800 The commercial wetting agents Nacconol and Santonerse #5 are superior : to those prepared by us (CP 935) in that they contain less impurities in the , fform of electrolytes as shown by the dirsct resistance reading of a .1$ solution. 'However, the Kern-Tones prepared did not show any appreciable difference. We .believe this due to the use of the tall oil vehicle, which because of its high .''acid value reacts with any residual alkali forming soaps which have ;n additive Vwetting function. The value of high resistance wetting agents would be more ^prominent when used with a more neutral vehicle. D - Casein and Casein Substitutes ;1. Casein . (a) Dispersion in water containing Keltex, Anti-foam, and Dowicide A, gave a - paste consistency. Dispersion itself was good, but there was cohesion, pH 5.52. (b) With dispersing agent, sodium perborate, the results were only fair. Gelatinous particles were still.present after the usual agitation. There was little foaming on addition of the perborate. The final pH was 8.7. The cold dispersion showed good cohesion, although not equal to the usual BX S66 formula. Continued heating would have produced a better dispersed casein. The perborate has proved very successful in dispersing elpho-protein. (c) Lactic -casein smells less of aoo than hydrochloric or acetic-precipitated casein. 2. Com protoin It has bean observed that sodium perborate replacing borax in casein dispersions increases the viscosity of the solution. Perborate was tried out with corn protein which ordinarily makes a rather fluid solution. 0007-SWP-044932 0007-SWP-000114302 Bnulsion Research Deportment ________ Cont._______________ ' 161 - Cont. (a) Com protein with perborato 11$ and ammonia 18.655 on the weight of the protoin gave a very fluid solution, dispersion fair, pH 9.85. Ar. * (h) With 22$ perborate and 18.6$ ammonia based as above, the dispersion was batter, viscosity considerably higher, pH 9.6. (c) In comparison borax 22$ vdth 18.6$ ammonia gave a better dispersion yet Tiith equal viscosity. pH 9.85. Conclusion: Sodium perborate did not have as great an effect on the > 'viscosity of corn protein solutions than did borax. 5. S-f-otyn-M, a now com protein product. - (a) Too attempts were made to disperse 5-Protyn-AH in the formula BX 664 replacing com protein. In both cases dispersion was incomplete after agitating end heating at 170 F. for one hour after tho addition of the solvent. A very dark solution resulted at the addition of suffi cient ammonia to maintain the pH at 9.0. S-Protyn-AN required more water than com protein, however, made a more viscous solution with good cohe sion. A Hem-Tone batch prepared with tho above solution replacing BX 664 corn protein formula gave excellent results. . A.D.M. Special Soya Protein obtained from Cook (a) Dispersion was attempted on a formula similar to BX 664 containing borax and anti-foam. There wa3 considerable foaming. Results were poor after heating an" hour at 110 F. A considerable amount of additional water was .required to make a workable mixture. 7- 5. Alpha-protein Alpha protein can be disporsed very well with.the uso of borax as ''solvent at a temperature of 160 F. Four variations in formulas were coupored. / (a) 12.6$ protoin, linsoed oil and driers, Keltex. The solution was quite viscous and cohesive Then worm, on cooling beccne rubbery. pH 8.23., (b) 11.6$ protein, toll oil, Roltex. pH 7.6. P.esult3 as above. (c) 12.8$ protein, as (b), no Xeltex. pH 7.6. Results were cbout the some os the other two, but showed a slight improvement Then cooled, being less rubbery, more fluid. (d) 12.3$ protein as (c) but.dispersed with sodium perborato. This solution showed tho best results, being more fluid then warm, and of good consist ency when cooled. pH 7.75 0007-SWP-044933 0007-SWP-000114303 -43- . Emulsion Hesearch Department ______________Cent. E-j?i61 - Cont. '' Ken-Tone batches were prepared using the above' solutions replacing ' BX 664. ' Vise. Brush- Wet Washability e h (50) jH_ edge Brush Wash 5.DrrvC-250 Subs (Water: si. haze flP 1386 Coat, with BX 664 8.6 22" V.good Good (Soap: V. good Break: 103 rubs i UP. 1587 Solution Ho. 1 8.2 48" Good Good Water:V. good " : 62 [IpiP 1388 p* ` |pl$> 1539 n "2 it 5 8.2 67" Good; Good WaterjV. good V. si. drag 8.2 22" V.good Good Water:V. good " 32 " " : 74 " Eg' DP 1590 "4 8.5 35" V.good Good Water:V. good " : 50 " Sodium perborate and annonia with alpha-protein does not increase ^viscosity a3 with casein. Dispersion was poor. pH 9.9. g6. Aratine (TTesco) Sodium perborate and ammonia did not increr.se viscosity. The product 'resembled flour paste, dispersion poor, pH 9.01. 57. Chlorinated Casein As reported last month a series of casein samples chlorinated in various Esuspending nedia showed promising results in a bacteriostatic study. Three of Ithe sables wero determined for their chlorine content, as tabulated boloir. As fassuaed, the bacteriostatic effect of the treated casein was in direct proportion Kto. thoir chlorine content. ' V Suspending Media Chlorine Content Bact. Count a. Hydrochloric Acid 1:500 dist. ...?u b. Phosphoric Acid 1:500 dist. H-0" c. Acetic Acid 2:500 dist. Iia0 d. Boric Acid 20:500 dist. '...j- Blank: .untreated casoin 4.63* 1.63* ,'.3* 0* 1 5 72 100 2000 i8. Evaluation, of Off-Grade Casein Casein batches prepared from off-grade casein: l3t Day Odor 50 th Day a. Casein control using stock casein h. Control using wetted casein SI. pine SI. pine, si. flat Si. casein SI. pine 0007-SWP-044934 0007-SWP-000114304 Qaulsion Research Department ___________Cont.__________ '' ff!61 - Cont. 1st Day Odor 50th Day Wetted casein with 2 x wt. sod. perborate replacing borax SI. pine, si. perox- SI. pine, idc; better then (b). sl. glue Y/etted casein with 5 x wt. sod. perborate replacing borax SI. casein, sl. peroxide SI. glue Results were favorable in all cases. Ken-Tone batches prepared with off-grade casein batches (above): a. Control with stock casein batch b. Control with wetted casein batch c. Wetted casein with 2 x sod. perborate d. it ii n 3x ii n 1st Day Odor a. Sl. oxidized oil b. V. sl. oxid. oil c. Sl. oxid. d. Sl. oxid. 50 th Day Mold Growth 50 th Dav Sl. oxidized oil, sl. noldy Sl. oxidized oil, noldy Sl. noldy Sl. oxid, Slight to none V. sl. to slight Nunerous to sl. None to v, sl. Results showed a tendency toward a slight oxidized oil and a noldy odor, . Both odors would not be prevalent in a room as compared witii the above .carton test due to a greater exposure to air. The nold growth at 30 days is no indication that the sane will happen in a room. Variations in the surface to" be painted and moisture in the general atmosphere will show different results. B - Evaluation of Preservatives Moldicido showed poor results as a possible preservative for Keo-Tone. 0.15? in 5& casein solution did not prevent putrefaction within a 24 hour period. F - Other Keia-Tone Raw Materials '< Electrolyte inpuritios in shading bases. An examination was nade of the following shading bases used in Ken-Tone in 1$ solutions. 0007-SWP-044935 -45- Eaulsion Research Department *Pont. ^1G1 -- Cotit. BX 26 grcon BX 650 black BX 674 Alizarine lake BX 951 yellow iron oxide BX 953 " "" BX 957 bine BX 95C rod iron oxido 214 rod iron oxide powder CP 556 blue powder CW 1853 Base SF yellow iron oxide D 2681 Honsa yellow Distilled water eH 7.6 G.76 5.7 5.52 6.4 6.65 G.2 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.75 7.0 R/ohms 62,000 39,000 42,000 57,000 67,500 4,960 175,000 51,300 240,000 153,000 70,000 500,000* Hie resistances of tie solutions ran very high, indicating a presence of a minute content of electrolytic impurities. G - Hew Colors 1. Turquoise^ Cameo Rose A satisfactory formulation for two of the new shades, Turquoise and Cameo Bose, has been worked out using one pound of anatase titanium dioxide and one pound of barium titanox per gallon of paint. These colors contain 0.82 lb. of linseed oil per gallon of paint. Emulsion stability, uniformity of appear ance, working properties, hiding povrer, and v/ashability ore excellent. Midland Green, and Avalon Blue will also be made on this formula. An alternate formula containing no barium titanox; and requiring 1.4 pounds of anatase titanium dioxide per gallon has also worked out. 2. Montrose Coral, Aqua, Stratford Green The above three colors were somewhat more of a problem than the Turquoise and Cameo Bose. A satisfactory formula has been developed, which gives a very uniform film in two coats at Jill times, and a satisfactory one coat job about half the time. At present, this formulation is very much lack ing in washability. We are working toward the improvement of this property. The above three colors require 1.5 pounds of rutile titanium per gal lon of paint. The inert pigments consist of 1.5 pounds of Celite and 2.0 pounds of talc. 0.Q2 pounds of oil arc uised. We have evaluated a series of materials as substitutes for our regular talc in this formulation. Pyrax HP proved to be satisfactory and soapstone proved to be outstanding. The paint made with soap stone showed improvement in emulsion stability and uniformity of appearance over the paint made with our regular talc. 0007-SWP-044936 0007-SWP-000114306 -'js'r Emulsion Researui Department Cont. _______ ' fflfil - Cont. The manufacture of the three deepest colors is a more difficult job 'than the manufacture of the other colors. -Because of the small amount of soap present in the formula, extreme care must be taken in the preparation of the protein and casein solutions so that their maximum value as protective colloids 'is obtained. Several production batches have been produced on this formula with very good results. However, both raw materials and manufacturing procedure must be carefully watched. Inasmuch as all seven of the intermediate and deep colors require con. siderably more oil than the light colors now being produced on a tall oil formu lation, tests have been started in which various amounts of linseed oil have been replaced rath Deliydrol. K - High Dry Hiding Formula A satisfactory high dry hiding type of formula has been developed for the light colors, which requires O.S pounds of rutile titanium dioxide, 1.0 pounds of barium titanox, and 3.0 pounds of lithopone per gallon of paint. Hiding power tests show this paint to equal the present light tint formula in dry hiding. This formula requires the use of 0.02 pounds of linseed oil per gallon of paint. Work on the substitution of Dehydrol for linseed oil i3 in *: progress. Reia-Tone Quality Control During the past month 390 plant batches of Kem-Tono were checked for pH, weight per gallon, viscosity, shade, emulsion stability, and application characteristics. With the exception of a small percentage of batches which were char acterized by high application viscosity, which detracts from the hiding power of the paint, the production was uniform in character. . In addition to the above work, tiro room test3 were made on the new * deep colors to check color uniformity. Specialties Poachhi jng Compounds VJe have formulated 38 variations of a spachtling compound having the follo"/ing general formula: 0007-SWP-044937 0007-SWP-000114307 Emulsion Research Department _________ Cont. Grams Material Wo. Wane 500 45 10-100 2077 20-75 - ass 140-225 1779 or Mica #160 100 523 0-80 Motso 1-10 1715 250-375 (12)W Gypsum Clay Celite Mica Dextrine Sodium Meta Silicate Dovdcide A Water By such a series we plan to determine the relative effect of each com ponent upon the general formula. Such observation will ultimately result in determining a ratio of components having the most favorable qualities for appli cation and convenience in use. The sought for qualities are: 1. Plasticity 2. Drying ability 3. Workability (a) Without bulging (b) Without pulling end flaking 4. Hardness 5. Low shrinkage ' 6. Light color ' This outline serves as a guide so that observations of resultant quality can be correlated with the variations in composition. Those changes that realize the greatest improvement toward attaining the quality of the outline can then be adapted to the spachtling compound formula. 1. Plasticity This quality is mainly controlled by Celite, clay, and water. The optimum proportion of the three is to be determined with respect to other . qualities, such as shrinking and drying. An increase in clay content improves the plasticity of the mass, and lowers proportionally the amount of water necessary. The pounds of clay that nay be added are limited, since clay lengthens the period of time required for thorough drying. About 3# clay appears to be the maximum which can be added to the compound without hampering results. The ability of clay to aid plasti city was tested against trial batches containing 1 and 7$ Bentonite clay (1441 dry) respectively. Equivalent plasticity resulted with a batch contain ing 6 - regular clay. This comparison proved regular clay to be better for our purpose,. as Bentonite has the disadvantage of shrinking out of proportion to-its per cent concentration. 0007-SWP-044938 0007-SWP-000114308 Emulsion Research Department Cont, Spachtling Compounds - Cont. The effectiveness of clay is counterbalanced by Celite. Celite shortens the batch, or in other words, it decreases plasticity. An additional proportion of water is consequently necessary to bring back plasticity. A batch prepared without clay and containing 10? Celite was too stiff for practical use, ^ but in over night drying testa showed improved shrinking and drying character istics. By varying the proportion of clay to Celite, we can adjust plasti city, but with respect to the other properties desired, the ratio seems con stant. Batches containing 1 - ? clay and 3-5? Celite were generally the nost favorable in quality. 2. Drying Characteristics The rate of evaporation of water from the pigments depends upon at 5; least three factors: (a) Exposed surface area/gran mass. (b) Porosity of mass. (c) Water absorption characteristics of material. We are aware that a large ratio of surface area per gram mass will ;aid rapid drying. On this account, the rate of drying differs with the depth .of the crack filled. The average mix will .show toughness within two hours for snail cracks, 6-12 hours for cracks 1/2" wide and l/4" deep, and 36-48 `hours for a large fault l/2" deep having a 1-1/2" diameter,. In addition, the rate at which the water rail cone to tile surface through the body of the mass depends upon the porosity of the material and the water absorptive capacity (.of tiie conponents. i Observation has revealed that regardless of percentage range of a batch, the ratio of two parts clay to three parts Celite will give the shortest drying period. Reason for this phenomenon i3 not evident, but it is theorized that the optianln porosity is reached at this ratio. The clay particles are distributed over a large porous surface and prevented from aggregation, thus 'increasing the total drying surface, t N/ In addition,' it has been found that Metso, sodium meta silicate, in i concentration a3 low as l/2? will noticeably increase the drying period of the patch. Because of its effect on drying, the use of Metso was discontinued. 5. Workability The ease of application by knife is the test used to determine the workable properties of the compound. ` A stiff formulation, one without plasti city, requires more energy to work the compound in order to overcome excessive internal friction, while some plastic compounds require additional attention 0007-SWP-044939 0007-SWP-000114309 Emulsion Research Department Cont._______ Kpachtling Compounds - Cont. because of other properties. In short, stiffness hinders workability, yet plasticity is not synonymous with good working qualities. By studying the effect of mica on the spachtling compound, we have corrected many of these difficulties. Liica is favorable toward working qualities when present in quantity around 14&. Lower percentages increase undesirable clay-like characteristics of the batch, while higher percentages create bulging. As bulging, pulling, and flaking are eliminated from the compound, workability can he considered at its best. (a) Bulging of Patch normally, as a knife is pulled across the surface of a freshly filled plaster crack, a flat surface will result. Wien bulging occurs, the plastic patch will lift upward, producing a bulge Thich follows the knife as the pres sure moves forward. Ibis bulge remains, caking it difficult to remove excess paste or to produce a level surface in the cracked area, (b) Pulling and Flaking The cause for "pulling" has not been clarified, and further study is necessary before we can obtain definite control over this effect and reduce it. Pulliij nay be described t.;> the effect Thick causes the paste to pull away from toe edge of the hole as the knife is worked over the surface of the patch. It i3 interesting to note that many formulations were free of pulling. Flaking nay be described as a rough, broken appearance occurring ' when the knife i3 drawn along the surface of the paste. Generally, this effect can be attributed to a deficiency in the water requirement. Care must be taken not to add excess v/ater, since the compound will lose its body and become sticky. 4. Hardness . Hardness desired of the dried patch is defined as the degree of hard ness that will allow a nail to be driven into it without causing cracking. It was found that concentrations of ISotso (sodiun mota silicate) as low as 1$ developed excessive. hardiie3S of the batch. These Metso batches were studied up to 1055 concentration. Hie hardness was noted to increase and patches formulated were unable -to withstand the strain of a nail driven into then. It is known that Celite will increase hardness, but toe amount neces sary to give the desired hardness is not yet known. 5. Shrinkage Since drying of this type of spachtling compound depends upon the evaporation of water, some shrinkage is to be expected. The extent of shrink ing depends -upon the size of the crack filled. We have formulated compounds which give promising results on cracks as wide as 1/2" and deep as 1/4". Shrinkage over larger areas is noticeable but not excessive. A second applica- 0007-SWP-044940 ) - 50- Emulsion Research Department Cont.________ ' Spacbtling Compounds - Coni. tion of spachtling compound over these areas Tri.ll give good results. G. Color The brown discoloration of tlie dried patch is due to the grade of Dextrine binder. Substitution of a hotter grade will give better color if bettor color is necessary. Conclusion: TTic effects of clay, Oolite, mica, and Metso on the general formula tion were investigated. As a result, the composition and $ shorn below indi cate the best patcli thus far developed. \ Grans SC-47 % Composition Material 500 ' 50 20 140 90 1 22.10 49.82 2.99 1.99 15.95 3.9G .10 22.10 45 2077 2198 Mica #160 525 1715 (12)W Work on aids and plasticizers will continue in the attest to improve the general qualities of SC-47.' #155 - Wall Paper Evaluation (a) Samples of Style Perfect wall paper submitted by United Wall Paper Company are being received daily. The wall paper is tested for washability, fade resistance, adhesion, brittleness and design flaws. Results indicate that United are continuing to naintain the quality of the wall.paper at a high standard. (b) Samples of Rea-Tone Trims are also being, checked quite fre quently. The latest shipments of samples show considerable improvement over last month's production. #170 - Arnv--Maw Specification Work - Ho work on this project during month. #174 - Olborcainous Wrinkle Varnishes #175 - Blackout and Camouflage Paints 0007-SWP-044941 0007-SWP-000114311 ) M. VAN LOO ___ Cont. #12 - Coat. ' % Oil % of Oil in Film Absorbed Percolation extraction, petroleum ether, 4 hour air dry Soriilet II 9 II H Percolation Soxhlet It 9 acetone, >1 1) 99 Percolation It 9 ethyl ether, Typical Nelson values,*-: tt 9 " It " 6 hour air dry 55.0$ 44.0 60.0 70.5 65.0 57.0 "Neutralised" Oil Paint. Titanium Pigment Company's EX-4140 45.0$ 56.0 32.0* 29.5* 35.0 43.0 Percolation extraction, acetone, 2 hour air dry 11 " petroleum ether, 2 hour air dry -vHt-Using ethyl ether, Soxhlet extraction. 73.0 70.0 27.0* 30.0* Hie investigation of volatile material loss on drying has yielded much more definite results, the only doubtful point being the actual volatile content of the paints at the time of use, viiich could cause a minor error. This is being checked with freshly made paints. The method is essentially the same' as that used for routine determination of non-volatile content; that is, a vacuum oven at 105 G. is used to drive off the volatile material to constant weight. First, however, the samples are air-dried for a specified tine and the . loss of v/eight is checked. The paints were tested in the form of .005" draw downs on 4M x 4" duralumin plates. This, of course, is not equivalent to wood, which is impossible to use, but affords a controlled film thickness. -An aver age of four runs of the old formula of Rex 450.Undercoater at 4 hours' airdrying shows a loss of 83.1$ of the total volatile material. This i3 entirely on an experimental basis, involving no assumptions as to original volatile con tent. At 5 hours', dry, a single run gives nearly the same'result, but at 5 hours the loS3 of volatile material increases to 85.5$. With new stock Rex 450, 4 hours' air dry results in an average loss of 85.7$. The use of a cor rection factor based on these results should increase the accuracy of our oil 'absorption measurements by at least 1.5$. #162 - Studios in Flat Wall Paint Formulation Flat Wall Paints Alternate formulas r/ere developed for Flat-Tone White and tint base using 2142 Ti-Cal R 20 and 20 L for 2152 Titanox RC HT and 20 HO. Ti-Cal R 20 produces higher consistencies than Titanox RC HT. The 2142 dry has made no change in the performance of the new material, although there may be a slight drop in waahability. Such factors as brushing, flow, uniformity of tint and sheen appear to be equivalent to the regular formula. Hie new formulas were sent to Cleveland for distribution. 0007-SWP-044942 0007-SWP-000114312 Enaneloid New vehicles sudlar to (3850)N, but ucdo without "blowing," were submitted by the Varnish Research Division for evaluation in Trade Sales enanela. ARV 3307 is a Veloicol-Dchydrol varnish, 25 gallons long, with 50$ solids at E body. ARV 3306 is a Velsicol-Maleic Ester varnish 25 gallons long with 5Cfj> solids at F body. These varnishes were evaluated in Enaneloid Ivory,* Rex 711, collaring thou with factory production of {5850)M nade from Velsicol, Rosin end Dehydrol. The following observations wore nade: Lab No. Varnish Tit./Gal. Vise, at 75 F. #3 Brushing Properties BC 672 BC 673 BC 674 { 3350) N .9.90 ARV 3306 9.92 ARV 5307 9.90 30" Satisfactory 28" Fair; si, tendency to sag 20" Satisfactory; trifle thin Dryinu '. : Sword Printing Lab Set-to- Condition Condition Condition Tack- Hardness 1#/Sq. 2#/Sq. No. touch 4 Hr. G Hr.- 24' Hr. free 24 Hr. In. In. BC 67 2 ISO' BC 673 150' BC 674 180' Tacky V. tacky Tacky SI. tack Tacky SI. tack V. 3. T. 27 Hr. V. S. T. 28-50 V. S. T. 28-30 12 10 10 V.V.S. V. S. it ii nn Lab Mo. Resistance to HoO - 24 Hr. Recovery Resistance to 1$ Soap Sol 3 Hr Recovery BC 672' BC 573 'BC 674 Slight whitening and nilky Slight haze Slight haze Incocplete (3 Hr.) Recovered (l/2 Hr.) Recovered (l/2 Hr.) Sane dulling and YMtening H n Incoople i IT n A regular factory production batch of the Velsicol-Dehydrol varnish (not blown.), V 11162 similar to ARV 3307, was checked in Enaneloid, Floor Enamel and Flo-Lac fornulations. 0007-SWf-044943 -9- M. VAN LOO Cont. ftlSd - Confc. k Enamelo.id Form ula Varnish Tvne Dry to Touch 4 Hr. Dry 6 Hr. Dry 24 Hr. Dr/ ' Svrerd Hardness Pigmenta 24 Hr. tion BC 632 (3848)E P.E. Rosin 70' VT Vi VST 18 Ti02 and Linseed titanium calcium BC 608 (S850)N Rosin 70' VT VI ST 12 If Velsicol Linseed BC 672 (3850)N Rosin 85' VI i'jT VST 14 Velsicol Dehydrol II BC 674 BC 67 a BC 683 ARV 3307 Velsicol Dehydrol V 21152 11 (3850)N Polypale Velsicol Linseed 105' 95' 30' VT VT VT ST ST ST ST ST ST 10 10 10 II M M Floor Enamel BC 679 (3850)N Rosin' Velsicol Dehydrol BC 680 V 11162 Velsicol Dehydrol \ 75' T ' . 95' T Flo-Lac TF 16 Titanium Calcium and Calcium Carbonate VVST 12 If BC 681 (3850)N Rosin Velsicol Dehydrol . 75' BC 682 V 11162 Velsicol Dehydrol 115' --' - T ST T ST 14 12 -- - 0007-SWP-044944 0007-SWP-000114314 4162 - Cont. Y/ater Resistance Formula 24 Hr. BC 6S3 Slight dulling and milky BC 678 Very slight dull ing and milky BC 632 Slight dulling and milky BC 672 Slight dulling sind milky BC 608 Slight dulling and milky BC 674 Very slight dull ing and milky BC 679 IXill and white BC 680. n 11 *i Recovery Dull - milky \$ Solution Soap Resistance 3 Hr. Recovery Discolored - dull Dull - milky Almost complete 11 t! Incomplete Slightly milky it 11 11 Slightly milky it II It and dull Incomplete ti 11 Very, very slight haze tt It Slightly dis colored and dull Slight dulling n 11 YYhite and dull and milky ti ti it n it it The batches of BC 679 and DC 680, Floor Enamels, iMch had the cal cium titanium pigmentation were repeated vdth the new lithopone pigmentation. These enamels, BC 688 and BC 689 withstood the above water and soap tests per fectly, showing no film deterioration. .. It was concluded from various te3ts that V 11162, the Velsicol Dehyftrol vehicle made without blowing, would be as satisfactory as regular (3850)H for' Trade Sales lines. In general, the drying i3 a trifle slower, but the resist ance to water and to alkali is somewhat better. #105 - Metal Protective Faints Ferrous Ammonium Phosphate The results of salt spray tests on Impedex (ferrous ammonium phosphate) in the Maritime Commission Zinc Chromate Primer 52-MC-29 bear out the negative results reported earlier in Bureau of Ships primer 52-P-18. The panels were divided into two sections, A and 3. Section A has a top coat of Low Visibility Gray as well as primer, while Section B has primer only. After 1500 hours, all panels sho-wed bad rusting on Section B, but those paints containing Impedex were slightly worse than the standard. At the scratch .on Section A there was 0007-SWP-044945 -25- EMULSION RESEARCH -DEPARTMENT #161 - Emulsion Binder Paints A. Wetting end Emulsifying Agent Section (1) Surface Tension and Conductivity Measurements We are interested in obtaining performance and electrolytic impurity curves of the commercial wetting agents which are used in experimental and regu lar resin emulsion.formulations. Those wetting agents which effectively depress the surface tension of water at room temperature are to be considered. Those agents Thich are dispersing agents cannot be investigated at present, other than to verify them as of this type. Measurements of surface tension and conductivity were carried out in a series of dilutions containing 0 - 5% of the active ingre dients. The data obtained for each dilution vra3 collected and curves were plot ted and dram. The graphs obtained for each wetting agent can then ba compared k .. to determine their relative efficiency and purity from ioni^able salts. Surface tension was measured on a direct reading duNouy tensiometer which had been standardized with reference to distilled water at 22 C. The value U3ed for the distilled water was 75 dynes/cm. Conductivity was measured with a conductivity bridge equipped to give scale reading in ohms. Since the constant of the electrolytic cell is unity, a direct reading of the specific resistance can be made. All samples were measured at 18 C. Six commercial agents have so far been evaluated. The compounds are listed in order with respect to their efficiency at ,1? concentration. Chart I Surface Tension vs. Concentration Wot.tine Agent . Ji tc/ Span 20 Santomer3e D Santonerse 3 Nacconol Advawet #35 Mod. Nekal BX 29.8 38.3 38.6 ul.6 37.3 54.8 23.6 , 2B.6 32.9 35.2 34.7 34.6 35.3 54.5 35.8 35.5 41.4 ' 34.4 & 27.5 33.1 35.0 32.8 35,1 33.3 . The curve of surface tension versus wetting agent concentration is hyperbolic wherein the decrease of surface tension is very rapid for concen trations below .0$; above' .1% the curve levels off. Nekal BX is the Inst efficient of the group tested, but it is also a dispersing type agent and has both qualities of wotting and dispersing. Although tho final decrease in surface tension i3 satisfactory, c concentration 4-5 tine3 greater than the average agent is required before the slope becomes asymptotic to the X'-X axis. In ether words, the rate at which Nekal BX dis perses the surface tenaion is 4 - 5 times slower than the avernge wetting agent tested. 0007-SWF-044946 5i -1 'I 0007-SWP-000114316 0 i -2G- Emulsion Research Department Cont. & Sontonerae D reaches maximum efficiency at .1$ concentration. The surface tension at this point is 32.9 cynes/co. As seen by chart I, the curve then slopes upward and the naxinan value for surface tension is not reached again until the concentration approaches 5. Hie other curves are regular and follow in efficiency the general hyperbolic pattern. Conductivity measurements of the solutions will indicate the iepurity as ionisable salt present in the sample. The wetting agents, being predominantly sodium salts of large organic acid compounds, will show some ionic activity; how ever, their dissociation constant as compared to salts of strong acid3 and bases is snail. Cheaicolly pure staples of these wetting agents arc not available for us to use as standards to calculate the % irpurity but by comparing resistance of solutions for each compound, we can obtain their comparative purities, and sel ect the most pure. Data on conductivity was reduced to log values before the curves log resistance vs. log concentration were plotted. Santonerse 5, Santomerse D, Nekal BX, and Hacconol showed the greatest resistance drop. Hie curve appears to be a straight line with slope of approximately - 1. Span 20 and Advawefc #55 Hod. gave irregular shaped curves, maintaining a relative high resistance as concentration increased. The chart below presents the retting agents in order of decreasing resistance or relative increase in ionizable salts present. *> Chart II Resistance vs. Concentration Ret tine Agent Advawe #35 Mod. Span 20 Santomerse 3 Santomerse D Hacconol Nekal BX 01* Off scale tl 11 44,500 38,500 26,800 18,100 ` 130,500 98,500 5,800 4,900 3,400 2,180 62,500 27,100 1,530 1,300 830 490 &. 9*750 6,700 195 176 no 66 1 Hie following agent3 had little or no surface tension depressing qualities: Eax&d 11, 21, 23; Darvon #1; Blcncol #1 Leukanol, end our own CP 935. The data obtained has for its purpose a backlog of information on comnercially available wetting agents, and a source of physical chemical data that nay shed 'light on enulsion prohLens as further data can be accumulated, interpreted, and applied to our problems. i- i 0007-SWP-044947 0007-SWP-000114317 -27- Enulsion Research Departnent Cont.__________ #161 - Cont. (2) Wotting Agents \ More snnples of CP 935 were subnitted to us by our Cheaical Products Departnent for conductivity tests. These samples were prepared with sp octal care in controlling the per cents of active ingredients, per cent of total solids, and the pH. Tests on forner CP 935 lots (October report) have indicated that nore uniforn per cents of active and total solids, and a more neutral pH night give a higher resistance reading indicating less electrolytic inpurities. Below are the results obtained: pH Cone. Sanule .1% Active Ingredient Lab, . % Active 24 25 27 38 39 47 48 49 50 Naba 25.1 31,2 28,1 32 24.8 24.4 29.4 25.5 27.0 100$ $ Total Solids 33 37 34 59 35 38 37 35 ' 37 0. P. Allied ' GraAOO cc Ell R/Ohns 7.9 6.55 8.2 4.7 8.3 4.95 ,398 .321 .355 .512 .403 ,409 ,340 ,392 .370 .100 5.7 6.1 7,05 7.23 3.4 7.35 6.3 5,75 7.6 5.9 2650 5210 3200 3380 2570 4200 3700 5700 4000 3800 These sanples show a narked improvement over the original; the average ohns resistance (R) reading being 3441 as compared with 2665 of the forcer lots. The latest sanples (47-Naba) can be coopered with concercially available Santoner3es and Nacconol in regard to electrolytic impurities. B. Protein Section (1) Chlorination of Casein 20$ of casein "was suspended in 1:500 hydrochloric acid end was chlori nated by passing the gas through in a steady streaa, washed by decantation, and filtered. The residue was placed in a double boiler and an attempt was cade to disperse the particles Tdth anaonia. The solution darkened considerably on the addition of annonia, but became lighter with continued heating at 160 F., taking on a jelly-like appearance. Dispersion was not complete, The pH was 6.04. Odor, when cold, gave no trace of casein, only pine oil. The physical properties of casein seem to be altered try any degree of chlorination, Hie desired quality of bacterial resistance is reached, but the altera tion of dispersibility characteristics is so nega tive in value as to produce a casein of no practical value, at present, in resin emulsion paint3. 0007-S W P -044948 0007-SWP-000114318 -23- Euulsion .Research Department Cont. i'/I01 - Coni, (2) Studies in'Dispersion rath Amino Solvents Casein, corn protein, alpha-protein, and S-Protyn-.iJ dispersions wore made with the folloT/ing solvents: (a) 2 amino 2 methyl 1 propanol; (b) 2 amino 2 methyl 1-3 propanediol; (c) tri-hydroxy methyl amino no thane. Briefly, tile procedure is as follows: agitate the protein while cold for l/2 hour, add the solvent and start heating. At 120 F. add the Dowicides and pine oil. Heat to 160 F. and hold until dispersed. Ammonium hydroxide was used as the control solvent in each case. Results obtained showed little difference in the dispersions obtained with the four solvents. However, within a limited range the different solutions con be classed a3 being good or fair from a 1 - 4 rating. Comparisons are shown in the table below: Casein Sol. #A B C nh3 PiL Foam 9.7 Yes-1 8.75 u 4 8.05 " 2 9.55 " 5 Diapersion Good - 1 II 3 91 1 nO Hard Film Hard - 2 11 2 H1 ir 1 When Dispersed Cold 160 F. Cold Cold pdy Hot Cold Good II II II Good - heavy 4 01 *2 3 Corn 10.3 B 9.4 C 8.6 h h 3 9.6 Alpha Pro. #A 10.0 B 8.9 C 8.2 hH3 8.6 HoNo SL. No' Yes It n 19 Good - 1 11 5 Fair Good - 2 Hard - 4 11 * 3 n .3 11 3 Good - 2 Good - 3 Good - 4 Good - 3 Hard - 1 n n\ At 160 F.- (Fluid; + 160c F.* (little . + 160 F. (body At 160 F. ( ; + 1600 F. + 160 F. + 160 F. + 160 F. (Fluid;(fair (body ( Gel-v. fluid Gel - fluid Gel - v. fluid GaL'- fluid Gel - thick Gel; semi-thick Gel; very thick Gel; thick S-Protyn-AN /M 10.0 Ho C 8.5 n h 3 8.65 It 91 Poor V. poor Poor Hard . 91 It $ 160 F. Heavy + 160 F. Med. hvy + 160 F. ir . 11 Some cohesion paste-thick Little cohesion paste least thick Some cohesion paste mod. thick * + 160 F. indicates that additional heating at that temperature was required, as contrary to at 160 F. which means that dispersion was complete at the tine the solution reached that temperature, or cold which falls within 65 - 120 F. range. 0Q07-SWP-044949 0007-SWP-000114319 ii -29- Emulsion Research Department Cont. #161 - Cont, 5. Casein and Casein Substitutes S-Protyn-AN, com protein product - Two batches, WZ-3 and EM-9, of S-Protyn-AN were received by us from the Corn Products Refining Company. A sample of the protein was also obtained from our factory stock. Each was dispersed with ammonia for a comparative study. Results are tabulated below: Stock S-Protyn-AN S-Protyn-AN - WZ-3 " EM-9 S-Protyn-JQI EM-9, with 2 X wt. sodium perborate replacing borax pH Body Dispersion 8.6 Good Fair - 2 (interned.) 8.6 !! It - 3 (least) 9.0 It n - 1 (best) 8.6 II r - 1 (best) Film Hardness Hard - 2 " -1 n -1 n -1 Stock S-Protyn-AN and sample WZ-3 showed the presence of minut-e, insoluble, black specks. In Rem-Tone those specks appear as foreign dirt par ticles in' tha brushed surface. EU-9 was a more superior batch. In solution it had the greatest viscosity. Since a complete dispersion of the protein par ticles was not obtained with the usual method of soaking l/2 hour, ond heating at 160 F. for 1/2 hour, with the first three samples, the fourth (IM-9 ond water) was allowed to stand over night, ond heated the following day with ammonia and sodium perborate at 140 - 170 F. for four hours. , A couplete dispersion was not obtained, although results wore bettor. However, we believe that the extent of dispersion does not make a notable difference in- the quality of the final point product as indicated by two test batches prepared with S-Protyn-AN - EM-9 replacing com protein (2199 dry). Die results of the general examination of the two batches are listed below: Viscoflitv Brush ing Washability Brush 5 Days 14 Days 50 Days Color Wash 250 Rubs 500 Rubs 500 Rubs of Rex WF 1411 TIP 1417 93" (12 dzi-7 02.) Good 68" (12 ozi-6 02.) .11 Good No break 370 (B) in film 60 (B) 67 (B) 475 (B) 1 Tur quoise Aqua Blue Inasmuch as the above batches were made on different days on different formulas with no thought of comparison in mind at the time of manufacture they arc of interest because they indicate the general good quality of S-Protyn-AN in reference to washability as a substitute for com protein (2199 dry). 0007-SWB-044950 0007-SWP-000114320 -30- Enulsi.cn Research Department ____________ Cpnt. #161 - Cont. C - Bacteriologies! Section (l) Odor Tests A. Leroy Hotel Complaint Keis-Tone batches 65407 C 1463 R, 65407 C 1253 X 65403 C 1413 A, 65403 C 1403 H Teats were run oil the only available sample - 65407 C 1253 X. 1. Bacteria count - 0. 2. Odor test (carton method) - no putrefaction. The odor trend varied from slightly pine oil and slightly oxidized oil (1st day) to slightly moldy end slightly oxidized oil (30th day) . D - Gloss Ken-Tone Development Section Shading bases, especially nade for use in glo3S resin emulsion paste paints, have, as stated in the December report, baen made up and aged at 120 F. to note the effect of age (on. the material in the package) upon gloss and color constancy. Color Gloss per Hil (Aged) Effect on Color Effect on Gloss Prig. Sow Robin Egg #50 Pea Green #53 Cream #48 Orchid #49 Blue #51 Tan #52 Slightly lighter and bluer Considerably lighter and less intense ii n ti ii n n m it h ii H m Ha ft Color slightly whiter 48.5 55.0 40.0 44.0 43.0 56 ss 42 37 34.5 43.0 41.5 The conclusion that may bo drawn- from these tests is that after several years aging a drop of about 20$ in gloss may be expected and a slight change to a limiter Bhade will be observed in the color. A change of 20$ in gloss is barely observable to the human eye and would not be a cause for conplaint in trade sales items. In some instances the color change would be enough to notice, if one part of a room were painted one year and another part, in direct conjunction, be painted several years later. In the samples under test this was noted with colors employing hansa yellow and alizarine rod. Possibly othor colors would be found more stable and it is always to be remembered that these are forced aging tests - as time has not pemitted a true age picture to be available. 0007-SWP-044951 0007-SWP-000114321 -51- Enulsion Research Department _______ Coni.__________ _ #161 - Cont. Washability of the dried filns of semi-gloss ti fSbripuaprob- to lea. Wiile y iq can produce rashability equivalent and perhaps1 tfijr|ihon Re'EH Tone (flat), it must be borne in cind that these sqni-glosi*!:! f&oBsjmterisls rill be used in kitchens and baths, rhere rashability is'fa.'S factor then in a bedrocn or living-rcon. No doubt, it will5 extensively on woodwork, which is rashed often. . During tiie last north t /s have uade samples using'afserifib'of connercial emulsifying agent varying from conplete oil solubility^t^c^^Lete water solubility mid are nor ccnnleting rash tests upon then. Whils^ane^ogenta do not give us glo3S in our final filns, still their effects.upbnfiraffinbili.ty nay indicate the general type of agent to use for maxinun nunt^r..of^&eSrSbile quali ties td be obtained in the product. As. soon as re have obtained sufficiently improved ''raSSiS^v'^Lt i3 intended to start fomulaticn on outside type Soai-gLosS and ;|jpl?S5rtDELalo : upon wooden siding. As the public is accustomed to some- gloss - house paints, no doubt extremely flat formulas for wooden frcmeTccostoiction would meet strong sales resistance if offered. Tthilo wo acknCTd-odge^that resin emulsion paint3 have limitations, we do not know the extiint^of^thefc)/.; therefore arc probing as many angles as the size of our staff ondj-the^jplic- tiona of tine Trill pernit.' For -exanple, upon hasty judgnent one night object tc th^^gnall^anount of binder-solids present per gallon.' let this can conceivably bccome^a'^flrtue with development of voty superior binders,, that would be too costlj^to^UBe^as freely as .linseed oil.' In other words, if the quality of the filmli^wuff11 , ciontly high, it does not natter that the film is very thin. E - Exterior Resin-Etoulsion Paint Development Section >v.Nuri>4J< Two samples from the series of outside Brick and Stucco paints pre viously respoorrtteed on were selected and tinted to a deep ivory. . . Brush-outs were made on asbestos siding and exposed 12-10-^43 jin the Dry Color Department Fade-Ometer. Results of the accelerated weathering are . being observed and data recorded. A report will be made upon formula and dura bility at a later date. >j- A more recant formula O.W.P. #1 was also exposed. Uii3 id of a high angular slioen tiype, and greater durability i3 expected. Accelerated weathering was started 1-6-4-?.. 0007-SWP-044952 0007-SWP-000114322 -32- Emulsion Research Department Cont.__________________________ #161 - Cont. F - General Rem-lone Formulation 1 - New Colors . (a) Intermediate Shades The four Intermediate shades (Midland Green, Avalon Blue, Turquoise, and Cameo Rose), are in production and no manufacturing difficulties have' been encountered. Formulas have been distributed to all plants. The formulas for these four colors contain .82 pounds of linseed oil and .45 pounds of tall oil per gallon. Laboratory batches in which the linseed oil is partially replaced with Dehydrol are being evaluated, (b) Deep Colors The three deep colors (Montrose Coral, Aqua, and Stratford Green) con taining the pigment combination of 1.5 pounds of rutile titanium, 1.5 pounds of Cellte and 2.0 pounds of talc were not satisfactory from a production viewpoint. The replacement of talc with soapstone showed considerable improvement, but availability and Uniformity of soapstone is uncertain. - > A new formulation for the deep colors containing 1.5 pounds of rutile titanium, 0.5 pounds of lithopone, 1.5 pounds of Celite, and 1.25 pounds of talc as the pigment content per gallon was started in production. Eie vehicle content was raised slightly. Eds formula worked out fairly well in production. However, at times the paint made as above appeared slightly unstable during manufacturing and it was necessary to odd on additional quantity of lecithin in order to improvo the emulsion. It was also found that the presence of a small amount of Digylcol Oleate S made a considerable improvement in emulsion stability.. The exact cause of tho variations in emulsion stability on this formula have not yot been determined. However, we believe that variations from batch to batch in the vehicle' are at least partially responsible. The present deep color formula contains .94 pounds of linseed oil, .15 pounds of tall oil, and .15 pounds of ester gum per gallon of paint. The possibility of replacing part of the linseed oil with Dehydrol is being investigated. < Formulas on tho deep colors have been distributed to all plants. (c) High Dry Hiding Ty po Formula The high dry hiding typo of formula has been put into production on the light tints at the Chicago plant and has proven to be very satisfactory from the manufacturing angle. This formula makes possible a considerable sav ing in titanium dioxide in the light colors. Although the pigment coat on this formula is lower then that of the previous formula, the total cost is about three cents par gallon more because of the increased oil. content. This formula represents an improvement in quality and all around performance over the pre vious tall oil. formula. Ihis formula contains .82 pounds linseed oil,.45 pounds tall oil, and .10 pounds ester gum per gallon. 0007-SW P-044953 | (. | j; ;i |i jj ,,j jj j j |i |j 0007-SWP-000114323 -33- Enulsion Research Department __________ Cont._____________ /r 1G1 - Cont. Unfortunately, Midland Green, and Avalon Blue showed ghosting on this formula, 30 these two colors wore transferred to the internediate shades formula. The replacement of part of the linseed oil in this formula with Dehy. drol is also being investigated. (d) Washcbility of Deep Colors The washability of the throe deep colors is definitely less than the other Ken-Tone shades. Work directed toward inproving the washability of these colors is in progress in the laboratory. It has been found that relatively snail anounts of lead titanate . improve the washability of Ken-Tone. However, the inclusion of 10 pounds per 100 gallons in the deep color formula offered no improvement. The use of more lead titanate detracted fron the appearance of the paint. .Further work will be done on this angle, however. It was found that the presence of 0.2$ of potassium dichromnte in the deep color formula definitely improves washability. The reaction between the protein and riichronate is catalyzed by light after the film has dried. Package stability tests on this paint are in progress. (e) Wotting and Emulsifying Agents The deep color formula was set up with Santonerse D specified bs the Bole wetting agent because of tho manufacturing difficulties encountered with, this fornula. It was not thought advisable at the tine to complicate the pic ture with a series of wetting agent substitutes including CP. 935 with which gone trouble had previously been encountered. However, other wetting agents including CP 935 have recently been tested in production and have been fernd satisfactory in this fornula. G - Specialtv Products Quality Control Section A. Ken-Tone During the month of December, the Ken-Tone Quality Control group tasted 583 batches of Ken-Tone. Of this amount 506 batches represented Chicago production. During December, production was- started at the Chicago plant on the new colors tested. This.amount represents close to 100$ of production of the now colors. Room test3 totaled 18. Majority of these tests were of the intermediate and deep colors. 0007-SWP-044954 0007-SWP-000114324 -34 Emulsion Research Department, Cont. ___________________ #161 - Confc. A recheck was made of the first production batches made on the tall oil formula, which were manufactured in July, 1943. 313 batches, representing production from the different plants were chocked for viscosity and pH upon receiving the material,. and then again after a period of tine, using material from the sane container, in order to determine that changes, if eny, occur with respect to viscosity and pH, once the container has been opened. Tho following is a resume of results obtained. Viscosity (a) Application viscosity of plant batches representative of produc tion, as a whole, was satisfactory this past month. (b) Batches manufactured in July, on the tall oil formula, and stored at temp eraturns ranging froa 60 F. to 100 F. were tested. Results were favor able with little or no change in viscosity. (c) The viscosity of the 313 batches representing production from all the plants was, for the most part, quite uniform, both with respect to checking viscosity upon receipt of the material and re-checking material taken from the sane containers after a period of several days. - (a) Hie pH of production batches was quite uniform during the first two weeks of "December. During the latter part of the month, there was a tend ency toward a high pH, but we believe that this situation i3 about under control. (b) Batches manufactured in July, on the tall oil formula, and stored at temperatures ranging from 60 F. to 100 F. were tested. Results were favor able, with little or no change in pH. (c) Hie pH of the 313 batches representing production from all the plants, was, for the most part, quite uniform, both with respect to checking the pH upon receipt of the material and re-chocking material taken from the same containers after a period of several days. Shade int plants have done an excellent job of adhering to tho color standard. Emulsion Stability (a) Some difficulties were encountered when the initial batches of the new deep colors were manufactured, but, since overcoming these defects, we have not exporiencod any trouble with respect to emulsion stability. 0007-SWP-044955 0007-SWP-000114325 Emulsion Research Department Cont. #161 - Coni. (b) Batches manufactured in July, on the tall oil formula, and stored at temperatures ranging from 60 F. to 100 Fv were tested. Emulsion stability remained unchanged oyer this period of time in the package. , Application Characteristics Ken-Tone manufactured on the new Hi-Dry Hiding, Intermediate, and Deep color formulas has shown up superior to any points no have had in the past, with respect to brushing. Our non formulations seem to give brushing with less slip than on the toll oil formula, but just the right amount of drag without being sticky; or dragging. ffashabilitr A total of 842 nosh tests were run this past month. This includes a check of production of the Cleveland, Newark, Detroit, Oakland plants, as well as Chicago, and a number of experimental tests of laboratory formulations. Also included in. this number were ;nash tests on material packaged and put into stor age since July. (a) Washability of. our pastels'and intermediates on our latest formu lations -is excellent. This applios to all our plants on the pastels, the only intermediates being manufactured during December coming from the Chicago plant. Washability of the deep colors manufactured at the Chicago plant, after a nomol drying period of two weeks, is very'good. Room Testing Room tests conducted during the past nonth gave very good results end indicated that our intermediates are ready for commercial use as a one coat paint. ' Our deep colors have shown considerable improvement over our recent initial efforts end do an excellent one coat job over some surfaces and an excellent two coat job on ell surfaces. Testing of the pastels on the Hi-Dry biding formula showed very favor able results. B - #155 - Wall Paper Evaluation (a) Samples of Style Perfect wall paper submitted by United Wall Paper Company are being received daily. The following is a condensation of results obtained from tests during December. 0007-SWP-044956 0007-SWP-000114326