Document 4Bb9RBXKY0d5anr5zeBzBr8e

GEORGS A-E=>ACBE=BC GP-206 INTERDEPARTMENTAL COMMUNICATION DATE! March 1, 1974 to: *See Below LOCATION: FROM: M. F. Fink location: SUBJECT: *T0: AIRBORNE SUBSTANCES - DUSTS, MISTS. ETC, --------------------------------------- -- Mr. K. Brown - AcmuC"* Mr. J. Mr. J. Mr. C. Mr. E. Rauch - Akron Jorgensen - Blue Rapids Terry - Brunswick Allen - Buchanan Mr. 0. Mr. R. Mr. C. Covington, Jr. - Fort Dodge Nielsen - Grand Rapids Coats - Lovell Mr. C. Mr. M. Mr. J. Mr. E. Hummel - Sigurd Jorgensen - Wilmington Becker - Delair Rigby - Pryor Mr. M. Mr. R. Mr. H. Palmowski - Chicago Favero - Marietta Scharf - Milford Tigard cc j Mr. G. Mr. E. Mr. T. Mr. C. Mr. J. Mr. K; Mr. J. Mr. H. Mr. J. J After months of controversy the Threshhold Limit Values recommended by Governmental Industrial Hygienists has been approved and accepted by Federal and a majority of State agencies responsible for enforcement of industrial hygiene regulations. One exception is the State of New York. They have proposed their own standards which have been reviewed and will be adopted very soon. This will create a hardship unless^ an agreement is negotiated between the State and OSHA. New York State Department of Labor and U. S. Bureau of Mines do have an agreement, however, this agreement does not extend past the calcining or when heat is applied to the rock. The plant will be exposed to two separate agencies, one State and the other Federal. At Buchanan, the U. S. Bureau of Mines has no jurisdiction, the entire operation will be subject to two agencies. OSHA regulations specifies that unless an accord is reached with state agencies or the state plan is approved Airborne Substances 2 March 1, 1974 by OSHA the federal regulations must be adopted. When an accord is reached and approval given, the agency having the most stringent regulations shall prevail. This condition may change but as of this date we doubt if any action has been taken by the state or OSHA. Fortunately the standards include gypsum dust in the nuisance category and allowable limit is 50 MPPCF (Million Particles Per Cubic Foot). At times the readings may specify million particles per cubic meter. This can be obtained by using the , conversion factor namely: MPPCF X 35.3 equals MPPCM We will refer to Threshhold Limit Value or Permissable as TLV. You will note that gypsum TLV is 50 MPPCF when the free silica is less than 1$. This should not be confused with combined silica. Free silica (alpha quartz) will be considerably lower than the silicate content. Gypsum may carry 25 to 35# combined silica but very rarely exceeds 2# free silica. Rock determinations were made in all of our domestic mining operations, the alpha quartz content averaged 0.&9# to approximately 2.00#. When the free silica is less than 1# the permissable allowable is 50 MPPCF. When it exceeds 1# the following conversion factor is used: TLV divided by # alpha quartz + 10. If a reading of 35 MPPCF is obtained and the free content is 3#, the permissable value would be 30 divided by 3# + 10 or 13. The hygienists recommend that when the alpha quartz is lfo the allowable should not exceed 30 MPPCF. Based on 3# free silica this would result in an allowable of 23.1 MPPCF. Roof drilling samples taken in the Akron mine were analyzed and free silica determinations averaged between 3.9# to an occasional 5.1# in the high range. Most recent sampling indicated that TLV should not exceed 19.0 MPPCF. It must be understood that dust particles larger than 10 microns are not considered injurious, i.e., in the nuisance dust varieties. Also 10 microns is not visible to the naked eye. We could have an excessive count although the air may appear clear of dust. Free silica particles remain suspended in the air con siderably longer than other dusts due to size and weight. As a rule dust counts are averaged out to the time exposure or length of the shift. This is acceptable when an employee works Airborne Substances -3- March 1, 1974 on different jobs during the shift and dust exposure may fluctuate. Note paragraph, "Nuisance Particulates" Page A. A spot test may be taken during the first hour of the shift and a low count will be obtained. Samples taken during the latter part of the shift resulted in free silica 3 and 4 times the previous tests. Samples analyzed of settled dust exceeded 5.00$, however, samples taken by the driller's position were less than 1.00$. This example was more pronounced in the milling operations. Airborne samples averaged from 4.6 to 6.1 MPPCF, free silica determination 0.69$. Settled dust samples, taken from window sills, ledges, etc. resulted in concentrations of 11.90$ alpha quartz. , This condition is pointed out to emphasize the need for good housekeeping in all areas. Fortunately the dusts in the mining operations contain moisture reducing the odds of having dust disturbed and blown about the working areas. When the air seems to contain heavy concentrations of dust, a check of the operations shall be made to seal off any leaks. In addition dust masks must be worn until the condition is corrected. The MSA 6000 series has been approved by the U. S. Bureau of Mines and OSHA for non toxic dusts. This mask is preferable to others as they can be discarded at the end of the shift compared to an expensive and time consuming hygiene program when the more elaborate respirators or masks are used. Cost of the MSA 6000 series is less than 20 cents purchased in quantity lots. They are approved for all nuisance dusts, mica, asbestos and limestone. The MSA 6500 is standard in the Tigard Lab. This may seem lengthy and somewhat technical but we want to stress the importance of good housekeeping and enforcement of respiratory protection. Perlite TLV permissable 30 MPPCF. Here again the free silica is a factor. Dust masks shall be worn when exposed to perlite dusts, unloading cars, expanding and adding to mixes. Based on tests by U. S. Bureau of Mines, free silica contents of perlite averaged 3 to 4$. Combined silica averaged 72.00, 73.00 and 74.00$. Perlite, because it is a volcanic glass having a chemical composition similar to the volcanic ash and obsidion should be considered potentially capable of producing adverse reactions in lung tissue. Further studies are being made to determine the physiological effects on the respiratory system. It has been proven that there is an increase in the silica content and alpha quartz during the expanding process. A dust mask program shall be enforced. Mica TLV has been lowered from 50 to 20 MPPCF. This TLV carries a conversion factor when the free silica exceeds 1$. When purchasing mica a request should be made to the supplier for Airborne Substances -4- March 1, 1974 an analysis of the product especially the percentage of free silica. We believe that the grades of mica used in our plants do not exceed 1#. The dust mask program is a must when handling the product. Talc, non fibrous or non asbestos form. 20 TLV. Talc (fibrous) Cristobalite and Tremolite use. Asbestos TLV based on length of fibers. Asbestos. At the present time TLV 8 hour time weighted average airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed five fibers longer than five micrometers per cubic centimeter of air as determined by the method prescribed and approved by OSHA and NIOSH. The TLV is subject to change on 1/1/1976. Two fibers or less per cubic centimeter of air based on five micrometers. Based on recent surveys we are in compliance at all operations, however, a lot of static has developed at Akron. We do believe that this is the result of the lack of cooperation between OSHA and the state. Attached is an outline of safety practices for asbestos fibers. In addition a copy of the approved and adopted Threshhold Limit Values is attached. Review the charts and if you wish to have more information regarding any of the substances please advise. Although the value reductions may seem drastic, the greater part of the problem can be eliminated by education, enforcement of respiratory equipment, personal hygiene and cooperation with the rules. The employer is responsible for rule enforcement. Special attention must be given to housekeeping, especially in the asbestos operations. All spillage shall be immediately cleaned up. Bags of asbestos in storage shall be covered and finally dust masks must be worn. To repeat the earlier statement, the one-day use MSA masks have been approved by OSHA to prevent breathing asbestos dust. MFF:jg Attachments IV SAFETY PRACTICES FOR ASBESTOS FIBERS The following recommendations for asbestos handling have been adapted from the safety practices instituted by Johns- Manvile: 1. In all stages of handling -- packaging/ transporting, unloading, storing and in-plant moving -- asbestos fiber bags should be handled carefully and in such a manner as to prevent the generation of dust. 2. Unitized loads should be lifted intact to and from holds of ships, and off and on land transport by fork lift trucks or other suitable handling equipment. 3. Care should be taken to avoid puncturing the asbestos fiber bags during unloading from ships, railroad cars, trucks or other modes of transportation. No hooks or other sharp instruments should be used. Loose fiber accumulated during transit should be picked up by vacuum cleaner before unloading. 4. Damaged bags should be immediately repaired, resealed or put into suitably closed receptacles. Any spillage of asbestos fiber should be picked up either by vacuum equipment or after thoroughly wetting, by sweeping, and should be deposited in suitable closed receptacles. ; 16 5* For storage, fiber bags should be stacked and moved with care to avoid breakage, protected from puncture by moving vehicles and, if possible, should be isolated from traffic in the warehouse and covered to prevent dust generation. To prevent deterioration of stored bags, the principle of first-in, first-out should be followed. 6. Maximum possible enclosure and fully effective dust control hoods should beN provided at all stages of in-plant handling where dust is unavoidably created, such as at bag opening, fiber dumping and bag disposal operations. Loose fiber should be cleaned from work areas as described in 4, above, to prevent dust regeneration. 7. The wearing of respiratory protective equipment approved by the U.S. Bureau of Mining for protection against asbestos dust should be required at all stages of asbestos fiber handling where quantities of dust are generated which cannot be kept within the Threshhold Limit Value by dust control equipment or other methods. 8. Waste materials, such as collected dust and empty fiber bags, should be placed in special closed re ceptacles and disposed of in such a way as to prevent the release of dust. Methods applicable uner 6 and 7 above, should be used during these operations. 17 9. All dust from exhaust systems should be collected and safely disposed of. It should not be released inta the outside air. Particular attention should be paid to the protection of the employees whose job it is to dispose of the collected dust. 10. Storage piles of bags of asbestos shall be covered with a non-clinging cover or tarp. Plastic is recommended. All spillage shall be vacuum cleaned to prevent so called fugitive fiber release. 18 t hreshold Limit Values tor iDV3 #< Adopted at the 35th Annual Meeting of the American Conference of Governmental ' Industrial Hygienists Boston, Massachusetts, May 21-25, 1973. Threshold limit values refer to airborne concentrations of substances and represent conditions under which it is believed that nearly all workers inay be repeatedly exposed day after day without adverse effect, because of wide varia tion in individual susceptibility, however, a small percentape of workers may experience discomfort from some sub stances at concentrations at or below the threshold limit, a -. smaller pcrccntapc may be affected more seriously by aggra vation of a pre-existing condition or by development of an occupational illness. Simple tests arc now available (J. Occup. Med. 9: 537, 1967; Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 151, Art. 2: 968, 1968) that may be used to detect those individuals hypcrsusccptiblc to a variety of industrial chemicals (respiratory irritants, hemolytic chemicals, organic isocyanates, carbon disulfide). These tests may be used to screen out by appropriate job placement the hyperreactive worker and thus in effect im prove this "coverage" of the TLVs. Threshold limit values refer to time-weighted concentra tions for a 7 or 8-hour workday and 40-hour workweek. They should be used as guides in the control of health hazards and should not be used as fine lines between safe and dangerous concentrations. (Exceptions arc the sub stances listed in Appendices B and F and those substances designated with a "C" or Ceiling value. Appendix D) Time-weighted averages permit excursions above the limit provided they arc compensated by equivalent excur sions below the limit during the workday. In some instances it may be permissible to calculate the average concentration for a workweek rather than for a workday. The degree of permissible excursion is related to the magnitude of the threshold limit value of a particular substance as given in Appendix D. The relationship between threshold limit and permissible excursion is a rule of thumb and in certain eases may not apply. The amount by which threshold limits may be exceeded for short periods without injury to health depends upon a number of factors such as the nature of the contaminant, whether very high concentrations - even for short periods - produce acute poisoning, whether the ef fects arc cumulative, the frequency with which high con centrations occur, and the duration of such periods. All factors must be taken into consideration in arriving at deci sion as to whether a hazardous condition exists. Threshold limits arc based on the best available informa- ' tion from industrial experience, from experimental human and animal studies, and, when possible, from a combination of the thi-ce. The oasis on which the values arc established may differ from substance to substance; protection against impairment of health may oc a guiding factor for some, whereas reasonable freedom from irritation, narcosis, nui sance or other forms of stress may form the basis for others. The amount and nature of the information available for establishing a TLV varies from substance to substance; con sequently, the precision of the estimated TLV is also subjeet to variation and the latest Documentation should be consulted in order to assess the extent of the data available . for a given substance. The committee holds to the opinion that limits based on physical irritation should be considered no less binding than those based on physical impairment. There is increasing evi dence that physical irTitalinn may initiate, promote or ac celerate physical impairment through interaction with other chemical or biologic agents. In spite of the fact that serious Injury Is not believed ' likely as a rekult of exposure to the threshold limit conceit- ' lr.ilinns, lire best practice is In maintain com'miration', of nil atmospheric contaminants as low as is prnUi< al. These limits arc intended for use in th>: pr;u lice of indus trial hygiene and should he interpreted and applied only by a person trained in this discipline. They arc not intended for use, or for modification for use, (I) as a relative index of hazard or toxicity, (2) in the evaluation of air pollution nuisances, (3) in estimating the toxic potential of continu ous, uninterrupted exposures, (4) as proof or disproof of an existing disease or physical condition, or (5) for adoption by countries whose working conditions differ from those in the United States of America and where substances and processes differ. Ceiling vs Time-Weighted Average Limits, Although the time-weighted average concentration provides the most sat isfactory, practical way of monitoring airhornc agents for compliance with the limits, there arc certain substances for which it is inappropriate. In the latter group are substances which arc predominantly fast acting and whose threshold limit is more appropriately based on this particular re sponse. Substances with this type of response arc best con trolled by a ceiling "C" limit that should not be exceeded. It is implicit in these definitions that the manner of sam pling to determine compliance with the limits for each group must differ; a single brief sample, that is applicable to a "C" limit, is not appropriate to the time-weighted limit; here, a sufficient number of samples arc needed to permit a time-weighted average concentration throughout a com plete cycle of operations or throughout the work shift. Whereas the ceiling limit places a definite boundary which concentrations should not be permitted to exceed, the time-weighted average limit requires an explicit limit to the excursions that arc permissible above the listed values. The magnitude of these excursions may be pegged to the magnitude of the threshold limit by an appropriate factor shown in Appendix D. It should be noted that the same factors arc used by the Committee in making a judgment whether to include or exclude a substance tor a "C" iisting. "Skin"Notation. Listed substances followed by the des ignation "Skin" refer to the potential contribution to the overall exposure by the cutaneous route including mucous membranes and eye, cither by airborne, or more par ticularly, by direct contact with the substance. Vehicles can alter skin absorption. This attention-calling designation is intended to suggest appropriate measures for the prevention of cutaneous absorption so that the threshold limit :s not invalidated. Mixtures. Special consideration should be give.; also the application of the TLVs in assessing the health hazjrds which may be associated with exposure to mixture.- of two or more substances. A brief discussion of oasic considera tions involved in developing threshold limit value- for mix tures., and methods for their development, amplified by specific examples arc given in Appendix C. Nuisance Particulates. In contrast to fibrogmic dusts which cause scar tissue to be formed in lungs when inhaled in excessive amounts, so-called "nuisance" dusts have a long history of little adverse effect on lungs and do not produce significant organic disease or toxic effect when exposures arc kept under reasonable control. The nuisance dusts have also been called (biologically) "inert" dusts, but the latter term is inappropriate to (he extent that there is no dust which docs not evoke some cellular response in the lung when Inhaled hv sufficient amount. However, the hi ng-t issue reaction caused by inhalation of nuisance dusts has the Aar**' lOi/OCCWAnONU MAXAIDS $1 toll.hmh,-. ili.it.ulviishcs: l)Thc archilccturc or Ihc air centration of Ihc asphyxiant. Specific example-, ar-; li-.tcd in xp.tics nun.tins iitl.uf. 2) Collagen (scar (issue) is not Appendix F. formed to a significant extent, 3) The tissue reaction if Physical Factors. It is recognized that such filrynil fac potentially tevetsiWe. : tors as heat, ultraviolet and ionizing, radiation, humidity, Excessive concentrations of nuisance dusts in Ihc work abnormal pressure (altitude) and Ihc like may pl.u- added room air may seriously reduce visibility (iron oxide), may stress on the body so that the effects from rxp-.-urc at a cause unpleasant deposits in the eyes, cars and nasal pas threshold limit may he altered. Mo-.t of tin -'- \tract sages (Portland Cement dust), or cause injury to (he skin or adversely to increase the toxic response of a Mili .i.inc . Al mucous membranes by chemical or mechanical action per though most threshold limits have built-in safety factors to sc or by the rigorous skin cleansing procedures necessary guard against adverse effects In moderate deviahuu-. from for their removal. " normal environments, the safety factors of most substances A threshold limit of lOing/m3, or 30 tnppcf, of total . arc not of such a magnitude as to take care of gross devia- dust < 1% quartz is recommended for substances in these .. tions. For example, continuous work at temperatures about categories and for which no specific threshold limits have t. 90F for overtime extending the workweek more than 25% been assigned. This limit, for a normal workday, docs not might be considered gross deviations. In such instances apply to brief exposures at higher concentrations. Neither judgment must be exercised in the proper adjustments of docs it apply to those substances which may cause physiol the threshold limit values. ogic impairment at lower concentrations hut for which a threshold limit has not yet been adopted. Some nuisance "Notice of Intent." At the beginning of each year, pro posed actions of the Committee for the forthcoming year particulates arc given in Appendix li. arc issued in the form of a "Notice of Intended Changes." Simple Asphyxiants - "Inert" Gases or Vapors. A This Notice provides not only an opportunity for comment, number of gases and vapors, when present in high concen but solicits suggestions of substances to be added to the list. trations in air, act primarily ns simple asphyxiants without' other significant physiologic effects. `A TLV may not be The suggestions should be accompanied by substantiating evidence. The list of Intended Changes follows the Adopted recommended for each simple asphyxiant because the limit Values in the TLV booklet. ing factor is the available oxygen. The minimal oxygen con Legal Status. By publication in the Federal Register tent should be 18 percent by volume under normal atmo (Vol. 36, No. 105, May 29, 1971) the Threshold Limit spheric pressure (equivalent to a partial pressure, p0} of Values arc now official federal standards for industrial air. 13S mm llg). Atmospheres deficient in do not provide Reprint Permission. This publication may be reprinted adequate warning and most simple asphyxiants arc odorless. provided that writton permission is obtained from the Several simple asphyxiants present an explosion hazard. Secretary-Treasurer of the Conference and that it be pub Account should be taken of this factor in limiting the con lished in its entirety. . Substance ADOPTED VALUES (In Alphabetic Order) . ___ m *pma> Substance L.. Abate Acetaldehyde _ -- too 10 180 Acetic acid C Acetic anhydride 10 is . 5 20 Acetone 1,000 1,400 Acetonitrile 2-Arctyhminofluorene -- Skin, 40 --- 70, A* . Acetylene * ; F . - Acetylene dichloride, tea 1,1- . Pichloroethylene '-- -- Acetylene tetrahromlde Acrolein _j '. 1 14 0.2 S Acrylamide - Skin . 0.3 Aerylonilrile -- Skin - JO ' 45 AIJrin - Skin 0.2 > Ally 1 alcohnl - Skin Allyl citloride c Ally! plycidyl ether (AGE) Ally! propyl disulfide 2 " j. (to) ' 2* 3 $ <,,) Altindi;m (Al,0 ) 4-AminnuiplieTiyr- Skin E,. -- A1* 2-Aminnethanol, tec Ethinoiiir.IlM --. -- 2-Aminopyridinc Ammonia Ammonium chloride, fume Ammonium sulfamate (Animate) 0.5 25 -- - , 2 18 10 10 . n-Amyl acetate 100 ' 525 scc-Amy! acetate 125 850 Aniline -- Skin S 19 Anisiuine (o, p-isomers) - Skin ,-- 1 0.5 Antimony & compounds (as Sb) t ' -- ' ANTU (alpha naphthyl thiourea) . * . -- Arpon ., .* F Arsenic & compounds (as Aa) ' " -- ' Arsine ' i, V 0.01 0.5 0.3 -- 0.5 0.2 Asphalt (petroleum) fumea ' 5 Azmphos methyl -- Skin a. 0.2 Barium (soluble compounds) '' c Benzene (benzol) - Skin \1--! ? ' 0.5 > Benzidine - Skin p-Benznqulnone, we Qulnone > -` . M ' *"* I Benzoyl peroxide , , m0 ,* S Benzyl chloride Beryllium ' *r., - o.doj Biphenyl, see Diphenyl * Bismuth tclluridc Dismuth iclluride (te-doped) Boron oxide 1 . --_ ' -- ' -- Doron trihromlde i C Boron trifluoride Bromine Bromine pentafluoride Bromoform - Skin Butadiene (I, 3-butadiene) ' i 0.1 0.1 0.5 1,000 4 Butane Butancthiol, ace Butyl mercaptan 500 -- 2-Butanonc ' 200 2-Dutoxy ethanol (Butyl CeOoaohra) - Skin so Butyl acetate (n-butyl acatata) ISO scc-Uutyl acetate 200 tcrt-Buiyl acetate Butyl alcohol scc-llutyi alcohol 300 toe 150 tcrt-liiityl alcohol C Diitylaininc - Skin C tcrt-lluf yl chromate (aa CrOj) -- Skin :oo 5 -- n-Butyi piycidy! ether (BGE) 50 Butyl mercaptan 0.5 p-tcrt-ilutyltolucne 1C Caumium (Metal dust and soluble salts) -- **C Cadmium oxide fuma (M Cd) -' -- Calcium carbonate Calcium arsenate Calcium oxide ' , ,. - -- -- -- Camphor (Synthetic) Cnrbaryl (Sevin*) Carbon black .i ' 'J :. ' 2 -- -- Carbon dioxide . , . 5,000 Carbon disulfide - Skin ' 20 . Carbon monoxide . 50 - Carbon tetrachloride -- Skin' . 10 Cellulose (paper fiber) '' _ Chlordtne - Skin '- Chlorinated camphtna - Skin . .-- .. Chlorinated diphenyl oxide - mg/M _ 10 5' . 30 10 3 0.7 . 0.7 5 2.200 1,200 _ 590 240 710 950 950 300 ~5C 300 .5 0.1 370 .5 60 0.3 0.1 E 1 5 32 5 3.5 *0,000 60 55 65 E 0.5 0.5 0.5 II OCCUM'HMt MA2A80S/Au**t . Suhstanra ppma^ ntf/M-W Cl'lorltx* .. 1 3 Clili'tini* dioxide ' o.t . 0.3 C C'ldoriuc ItSflilc C Chli'rnacctaldrhrde 0.1 '1 0.4 3 t - (.'hh'roacctnphrunnr (plionaivlclih*rldr) Chlnrnlwnrrnr (mnnnrhtornlwflUM) 0.01 , 0-9 , 78 3S0 o-Chlorubrnrylidcne mnlnnnnltrlle ((H UM) - Skin 0.01/* 0.4 Chlnrnhrnniomrlhnne ' 300 / 1,080 2-t'hlnro-l, 3-luilniliciff C'htoruprrnr --- --' Chlnrndiphrnyl (4)^ Chlorine) -- Skin ** ' Chlnrodlphcnyl (54% Chlorine) -- Skin -- l 0.1 l-Cliloro. 2. .4- epoxy-propane, eee I'pichlnrhydrin ---- 2-Chloroclhannl, cr Ethylene chluridivdrln '. -- ' -- I'hlorncthylrne. see Vinyl chloride --' -- 4 Chloroform (trlchloromethane) 25 120 l-l'hloro- 1-nitropropnne _ 20 100 Chloropicrin 0.1 0.7 ' Chloroprcnc (2-chloro-l, 3-butedlene) r - Skin . 25 Chromic acid nnd chromates (as CrOg) w . . 90 0.1 Chromium, sol. chromic, chromotU salts ns Cr. Mctnl A insol. rails * ' ' ,0.8. A1* (i.o) Coal dust (bituminous) (Respirable dust fraction <SH quart?) (If > 5% qnnrtr UM . l . \ , ,, respirable mass formulas) >' -- ' ' 2 Coal tar pitch volatiles (ham-nc soluble fraction) - e ' * ' 1 ., antliracene, RaP, phcnanthreM, . * . |A , acridine, chrysene, pyrene) AU 0.2 Cobalt, metal fume A dust - -- . 0.1 . Copper fume ; ' --' 0.1 Dusts and Mists Corundum (A 1 jOj) . .< -- -- 1 E Cotton Dust (raw) -- ( I) Cr.-qv* herbicide -- 10 Crcsol (all isomert) - Skin '- 5 22 Crotonaldchyde ' 2 6 Cumene - Skin Cyanide (as CN) -- Skin ' SO --_ 24S S Cyanogen 10 -- Cyclohexane 300 1.0SO Cyclohcxanol SO 200 Cyclohexanone SO 200 Cyclohexene > 300 1,01 s Cydopentadicne ' 75 200 2,4-0 DDT . DDVP, sec Dichlorvos -- '-- -- , 10 1' -- Dccaborane - Skin ' . 0.0S 0.3 Demcton- - Skin 1 '-- 0.1 Diacctone alcohol (4-hydroxy- .r'" 4-methyl- 2-pcntanone) 1, 2-Diaminocthane, see - " :so , 240 Ethylcncdiamine Diarinon -- Skin _ ,,-- ' _ . 0.1 . Diaromelhane 0J 0.4 Dibiirane 0.1 0.1 1, 2-Dibromncthane (ethylene dibromide) - Skin Dibrnm^ 20 145 --5 2-N Dihutylaminoethtnol -- Skin 2 14 Dihuiyl phosphate Dinutylphthalatc iS --s DicMoracctylcnc 0.1 0.4 o-Dichlorooenrer.o SO 300 p-Dicnioronenrena Dichi-iruben/idine - Sxin 7S -- 4SA0l1h* Dichinrodifluoromctnsnc . 1,000 4,950 l, 3-l)iihioro-$, 5-Dimethyl hydantoin - --: 0.2 1, l-Dichloroethane ' 200 320 1, 2-Dichloroethanc , ; SO ! 200 1, 2-Dichloroethylene ' , , 200 , : 790 Dichloroclhyl ether -- Skin , s . 30 Dichioromethane, see Methylene' , * ' chloride ., -- Dichloromonofluoromethane . 1,000 - . 4,200 1, l-Dichloro-l-nltroethane ' ' 1,2-Dichloropropane, see 10 1 <0 Propylenedlchlorlde ' V ' , -Y ' -- Dlchloroteitsnuoroethsne \ 1,000 7,000 Dichlorvos (DDVP) - Skin . 1 . . ' ' > 1 Dletdrht - Skin ' ' `, 0.29 . Suli-.tnncfl Dielliylaiiiine 2". Diethyl,lminn ethanol - Skin 10 Dielliyh'iie triaminc -- Skin Dii-lliylellu r, xi-e Ethyl ether - Dinuiiruilibriimumcthnne too C Dif.lyciilyl dlirr (IKSE) 0.5 Diliyilriixyhrnr.cnc, arc llydroqulnone 4 DiKolmlyl krtiinc 25 DiKoprupylnininc - Skin - Dimrllmxymrlhanc, sec Mcthylsl 5 -- Dlmrtliyl acetamide - Skin 10 Olinrlhylamlnc 4-Diiuclliylamlnnarrihenrcnc 10 -- ' . Dlim'lhylaininnhciixrne, see Xylldene -- Dlmethylanlllnc (N-dimethylanlllne) - Skin Dlmclhylhcnxene, see Xylene s -- Dimethyl I, 2-dlbromo- 2-dlchloroethyl . phnsplialc, see Dlllrom -- Dimrlliylformamidc -- Skin 10 2, ft-Dimctbyllicptanone, tee Diisnhutyl ketone -- 1, l-Dimcthylhydrar.ine -- Skin OaS Dimcthylpbthalatc -- Dimcthylsulfatc - Skin Dinitrohcnxene (ell isomers) -- Skin . (11 -- Dinitro-o-crcsol -- Skin -- Dinitrotolucne -- Skin - ** Dioxanc (Dicthylene dioxide) -- Skin .100 Diphenyl 0.2 Diphenyl amine -- Dlphcnylmethane diisocyanate (Mi Methylene bisphenyl . isocyanate (MDI) Dipropylene glycol methyl ether -- / . - Skin too 4 Diquat -- . Di-sec, octyl phthalate (DI-2- ' - cthylhcxylphlhalate - Emery . Undosnlfan (Thiodan*) -- Skin Endrin - Skin 1 . -- -- -- -- Epichlorhydrin -- Skin s EPN - Skin . "-- 1, 2-F.poxypropane, see Propylcneoxidc - 2. 3-Epoxy-I-propanol, see Glycidol - Ethane F Ethancthioi, see Ethylmereepten - Ethanolaminc 3 4 2-Ethoxyethanol -- Skin 100 2-Ethoxycthylecetate (Celloeolve acetate) - Skin 100 Ethyl acetate 400 Ethyl acrylate -- Skin 25 Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) 1,000 Ethylorninc 10 Ethyl sec-amyl ketone (5-methyE3- hcplanone) Ethyl hcnr.cnc 25 too Ethyl bromide 200 Ethyl butyl ketone (3*Heptenone) SO Ethyl chloride ' 1 1,000 Ethyl other 400 Ethyl formate 100 Ethyl mercaptan O.Si Ethyl Mlicate Ethylene :oo jr Ethylene cniorohydrin -- Skin 5 . Ethy.cncuiainine - SO Ethylene dibromide, see 1, 2-Dihromocthane -- Ethylene oichioride, see 1, 2-Dichlorocthanc _ C Ethylene glycol jinitrate and/or Nitroglycerin -- Skin , 0.2d/ , Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether , ' acetate (Methyl cellosolve . acetate) - Skin 25 4 Ethylene glycol, particulate ; -- . 4 Ethylene glycol, vapor 100 ' Ethylene imlne -- Skin . Ethylene oxide o.s* so . Ethylidine chloride, eee 1, I* Dichloroethane ' *-- - . N'EthylmorphoUnc - Skin Ferbam . 20 _ , Ferrovanadlum Out -- , Fluoride (gg F) - tno/tAJbJ 75 50 4 840 2.1 150 20 -- 35 !* A* -- 25 .-- 30 -- 1 S (5) 1 0.2 1.5 360 1 10 -- (a00 0.5 S E 0.1 0.1 19 O.S -- 6 370 540 ' 1.400 too 1.900 18 130 435 390 2 30 2.600 2,200 300 35C 16 25 -- -- - 120 10 . 260 1 90 -- 94 10 1 2.S < .C. ` '' AefMf 19PJ/OCCU9ATIONAI HAZARDS S3 Mitr.t.wc* ppm** ro(iflYt*V * riitnriur HnowirU-hlfirnmefktM <' 1 ormiiilclivilr Formic achl riufiu.il - Skin I'urfnr'vl alcohol (a<nlinc ;i 1,000 2 5 S (SO) } 1,600 3 9 20 Crrnt.inium Irtrahydrlde (GnmilH) till".*. fibrous'' or dint (ilvivilll nils! 0.0 _ 0.0 F. . F. Clyriilnl (2, .IFpoxy-l-propanOl) (ilycol monorlhyl ether, eee so ISO ?rilinxyclhannl --. -- Graphite (Synthetic) Culliinn*. arc Ailnphosmethyl , -- '1 -- E -- Gypsum Hafnium llcliiim -- *E __ O.S F1 Mcptachlor -- Skin -- O.S llci't.inc (n-hrptane) 300 2,000 llrxachlnrnrlhanc -- Skin llrx.uhloroiinphthalene -- Skin 1 10 .. 0.2 lli'xanuoroacclnne Hexane (n-hrxnnc) 0,1 soo 0.7 l,S00 2-1 If xannne too 410 iirxono (Methyl isobutyl ketone) sre-lloxyl acetate llxilr.i/ine -- Skin llxtlrnpen too 410 so soo 1 I.S F Hydrogen hromiilc C llyilror.cn chloride 3 10 $ 7. llydror.cn cyanide -- Skin llydror.cn fluoride 10 II 32 Hydrogen peroxide Hydrogen scion,dt liydrnpcn sulfide liydroijuinone ' * 1 0.0 s 10 -_ 1.4 0.2 IS 2 Indcnc InJium and compounds, SS In c Iodine Iron oxide fume Iron rentacarhonyl }.. . , Iron salts, soluble, lift l.soamyl acetate ' Isoamyl alcohol ' 10 -- 0.1 _ 0.01 -- 100 100 45 0.1 1 10 0.00 1 S2S 360 Isohutyl acetate Isohutyl alcohol Isophorone _ 1 ISO ,700 ' > 100 300 --. _ Isopropyl acetate 2S0 950 Isopropyl alcohol - 400 980 Isopropylamine 4 Isopropylcther Isopropyl glycidy! ether (IGE) Kaolin , Kctcne 4 Lead, inorganic compounds fumts 4 s 250 . SO _ o.s 12 1,050 340 E 0.9 dusts Lead arsenate Limestone Lindane Lithium hydride L.P.G. (Liquefied petroleum (as) Mapnesite ' --. _ _- _ _ . O.IS ' 0.IS 'E O.S 0.02 S Jt,co: - . Mapnrsium oxide fume Maiathion - Skir, Maleic anhydride c Manganese and compounds, as k<h Marbic ' v-.i? V >d i *, ' Mercury (Alkyl compounds) - Skin, c.01 Mercury (All forms except alkyl) ' ~r O.Oli Mesityl oxide 25 loo Methane - F Mcinancthiol, see Methyl mercaptan. _ Mciui.xyc.do; I i1ui.o\ycth:.noi - Skin - io xVftVi.'iWIftwIwO, Methyl acetate Methyl acetylene (propyne) Methyl ncctylene-propadiene mixture (MAIT) Methyl acrylate - Skin * . Mclhylacrylonilrlle -- Skin ' Mcthylal (dimethoxymethana) ' Methyl alcohol (methanol) Methylamlne Methyl amyl alcohol, aaa Methyl Isobutyl carblnol Methyl 2-cyanoacrylate Methyl Isoamyl ketoile 2$ 200 1,000 1,000 10 .1 1,000 200 10 '-- 2 100 o 610 1,650 ; 1,800 35 3 S.IOO 260 - ' . 12 ' --' 47S Sulistnnen ' Ppm*^ tna/wib> Methyl (n-ainyl) ki tnne (2-lhptannne) Mrlliyl hromhlc -- Skin 160 445 IS 60 Methyl Imtyl krlnnc, see 2-ilrxanonc -- --, Methyl cellnsolvc - Skin sea 3-Methxyclhanol -- Methyl ccllnxnlve acetate -- Skin, tea ! thytrue glycol monomethy! tiler are trie 4r - - , )' 'lyl rh!i..-is c ion 210 f vl chloroform 1,000 f vlcyiloncxane 500 2.000 ' ` vlryclnhrxannl 50 2 15 . thylcyrlohcxannne -- S* ' f Icytinpcntftdirnyl r* ew SO 210 arhonyl (ns Mn) " ' ? . 1 drmelnn -- Skle --0.1 ' ilctliytkctone(Mi:K' ' 2-Buttnone - 0.2 0.5 Mi I! e.' formate too 250 Mrif.vl iodide -- Skin 5 28 Methyl Isohutyl carblnol -- Skin 25 100 Methyl isohutyl ketone, see Hexone -- - Methyl isocyanate -- Skin 0.02 o.oj. Methyl mercaptan O.S 1 Methyl methacrylate Mrlliyl pnr.ithion -- Skin Methyl propyl ketone, see 2-Pentenone 100 -- -- 410 0.2 - C Methyl silicate 5 .10 C ** Methyl styrene too 4K0 C Methylene bisphcnyl isocyanate (MDI) 0.02 , 0 2 ee Methylene chloride (dichloromethane) (SOO) (l.740) Molybdenum (soluble compounds) (insoluble compounds) % 5 -- 10 Monomethyl aniline -- Skin 29 . C Monomethyl hydraslne -- Skin 0.2 0.35 Morpholine -- Skin 20 70 . Naphtha (coal tar) 100 400 Naphthalene PNaphthyUmln* Neon - 10 so,. A16 F-- Nickel carbonyl 0.001 (A,o)0.007 Substance Nickel, metal and soluble compounds (as Ni) Nicotine - Skin Nitric add . Nitric oxide ' p-Nitroanilinc - Skin Nitrohcnr.cnc -- Skin p-Nitrochlorobenzena -- SMn ' 4-Nitrodiplicnyl . A.rrocthane Ndrogen C Nitrogen dioxide ' Nitropcn triflunrldc Nitroglycerin -- Skin Nltromcthanc i-N.^apropanr 2-i'.i:roproi N-Nitrnsndi" lamina (dimethv !'! ><oamine) - Skin Nltrot.'.lucnc - Skin Nitro*;j;hloromethana, uau C'liloropicrin Nitrous oxide Cctachloronaphthtlaou -- Skin Octane Cii mist, particulate . , Oil mist, vapor Osmium tctroxlde Oxahc acid Oxygen tfifluoride Orwr Paraquat -- Skin Farathlon - Skin Perlite PentabOrane Pentschloronaphthalena - Skin ' Penlachlorophenol - Skin Pcntaerylhritol Pentane 2-Pentnone Parchlotoethylena Perchloromethyl mercaptan. Farchloryl fluoride ppn*> -- 2 25 1 1 -- 100 I5 10 0.2 100 35 25 t 0.5 s 30 6 $ 1,. A1- 310 _ 9 29 *> 250 90 90 - AS 5 30 - . -` T? _ - 0.1 400 .900, -- -- 0.002 ; 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.2 -- 0.5 _ o.: - mppcf 30 0.005 -- *-- 0.01 0.5 o.s r 500 1,500 200 700 100 O.t 3 670 0.8 14 D Suhstaiwn ppm*' ma/MJV IVirolruni Pi'lillatrs (naphtha) : _ I'hrim) .\kiii 5 19 p.PIvnylcne diamine -- Skin Phenvl cllicr pnenr) rin m 1 rrhrr-Piphcnvl mixture (Vgpot) nu n, li iliylcnr. are Styrene 1 1 ,, 0.1 7 7 I'lirnyl glvrhlrl ether (POE) Phrmlhvdrarinr - Skin . C I'lirnt tplmsphine . I'lirnotlii.i/lnr - Skin ' I'hnsdiut (Mrvinphns") -- Skin . Phosgene (cafhnnyl chloride) ' 1 Phnsphinr . Phniphoric ariil , 1 ., ' Pltnrplinrtis (yellow) rinKphorus ponl.srhlnride Phosphorus pcntaaulflde Phosphorus Irirhlorlde Phthal;,' anhydride Picric acid - Skin Piv.ti*' (M'iv.iiyi-1,3-lndsndlone) Plaster of Paris 10 ' 60 9 32 ^O.Of t , 0.21 1S _ * 0.1 ' Oal .* 0.4 0.9 0.4 _, _ _* 1. 0.1 1 1 0.1 a 3 13 *-- - 0.1 0.1 E I'l.nimiin (.Soluble Salts) as Ft rolychlorohiphenyts, sea -- 0.003 I'hlorodiphenyls .-- rnlytrlrnflunroethylene decomposition products -- .. B1 Pmp.tnc ? Pfopiol.vtone F __ A* Prop.irgvl alcohol - Skin n-Propvl acetate . 1 200 840 Propyl alcohol n-Propvl nitrate Props lone dichloride (1, 2* . 200 25 | 500 no Oichloropropsne) 75 350 * Propylene glycol monomethyl ether Propylene iminc -- Skin Propvlenc oxide Propync. see Methylacetylene 100 2 100 . --. 360 .$ 240 ' Pyrcihrum Pyridine _* .* t S .5 15 . Ouinone 0.1 0.4 RDX -- Skin t.S Rhodium, Metal fume and dusts(as Rh) Soluble salts Konnct . -- 0.1 - 0.001 . * 10 * Rosin Core Solder, pyrolysis products (as formaldehyde) Koicnone (commercial) Rouge Selenium compounds (as Se) -- -- -- _. 0.1 5 E' 0.2 Selenium hexafluoride Silicon Silicon carbide - 0.09 _ ' 0.4 10 E Silver, metal and soluble compounds Sodium flunroscetate (1080) - BMn Sodium hydroxide Staich i-- , !t -- t 0.01 0.0S 2 E Slihinc 0.1 O.S Stoddard solvent Strychnine 900 1,150 _ 0.1$ Styrene (Monomer) (Phenyl ethylene) 100 420 +C Suhtiiicins (Proteolytic eneymee ' as ioovn pure crysteMnu . er/yme; .Sucrose -- .-- 0.0003 E Sulfur diexidc s 13 Sulfur hexafluoride Sulfuric ucin 1*000 -- djOOO 1 Sulfur monochioriae t .6 Sulfur pcntafluoride 0.099, 0.2$ 4- Sulfur tetrafiuoride 0.1 0.4 Sulfury! fluoride 5 20 Systox, see Derr.eton 2, 4. S 7 Tantalum TEUP - Skin Teflon decomposition products Tellurium ' . - . * " -- --1 10 5 ' 0,2 B1 0.1 Tellurium hexaPiuorlda TEPP - Skin C Terphenyls i, 1, 1, 2-Tetrachloro-3, , . 0.09 ./ ' 1 1 . * * * 0.3 0.0$ *' i 3-dlfluoroethane t ' , 1 100 c 4,170 . . 1,1,2, 2-Tetrachloro-l, f# * 2-dlfluoroethsne ' -I 1,2,2-TetracNoroelheM ' ' ' i *00 I a 4,170 . -8kbt . ' `l 31 ' ' Substance ppm4/ Tcirarhhirorlliylcne, see IVreliloriirlhytcne Telrnrhloronielliane, see Carbon tetrachloride Tclracliloronaplilhalcne -- Skin - Tetraethyl lead (as Ph) -- Skin -- Tetraliydrofurnn . Tclranirlhyt lead (as Ph) - Skin 900 -- Tetrnniclhyl succinnnllrlle -- Skin 0.9 Tetranitromelhanc `1 Telryl (2,4, 6-trlnUrophenylmelliylnltramlne) - Skin -- Thallium (soluble compounds) -Skin (as 71) Thlratn -- Tin (Inorganic compounds, except Snll end SnOj) Sn Tin (organic compounds) -- Skin (a.\ Sn) Tin oxide Titanium dioxide -- -- Toluene 100 ' Tolucnc-2,4-diisocyanite 0.02 o-Toluidinc 5 Toxnplicne, see Chlorinated camphens . ' - Trihutyl phosphate -- 1, t, t-Tricliloroethane, see Methyl chloroform _ 1,1, 2-Trichloroethane -- Skin 10 Trichloroethylene Tricltlnrnmciltane, see Chloroform Trichlnronaphllialcne -- Skin . too -- - 1, 2, 3-Trichloropropane 50 1,1,2-Trichloro 1, 2, 2-tridunrocthanc i,ooo Triethylaniine 25 Trlfluoromonobromomethene 1,000 Trimclhyl benzene 25 2, 4, 6-Trinitrophenol, see Picric acid _ 2, 4, 6-TrinitrophenylnMthylnltramIne, sec Tctryl \. ,. ( Trinitrotoluene -- Skin - -- Triorthocrcsyl phosphate - -- Triphenyl phosphate '-- Tungsten & compounds, as W Soluble Insoluble Turpentine - . ._ too Uranium (natural) aoluble 4k tneoluble compounds, as U Vanadium (VjOg), as V Oust I'time -- Vinyl acetate Vinyl benzene, aea Styrene 10 - Vinyl bromide 250 Vinyl chloride . 900 Vinylcyanide, see Acrylonitrile -- Vinyl toluene Warfarin 100 -- Wood dust (nonallertenie) - Xylene (xylol) Xylldino -- Skin 100 a Yttrium Zir.c chloride fume -- Zinc oxide fume -- Zirconium compounds (as Zr) - 0.100^ $9* HI o.i so"' 3 80 I.S 0.1 5 2 0.1 i: F. 375 0.14 22 5 45 . 535 -- S 300 7,600 too a,;oc 120 _ _ 1.5 0.1 3 1 5 560 0.2 0.5 0.05 30 ' 1,100 770 480 0.1 S 435 *JS Sr * NOTES Capital letters refer to appendices * 1972 Addition Sec notice of intended changes + 1973 Addition ) Paris of vapgr or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 C and 760 mm. Hg. pressure, b) Approximate milligrams of substance per cubic meter of air. d) An atmospheric concentration of not more than 0.02 ppm, ot personal protection may be necessary to avoid headache. e) <5-7#im in diameter. f) As sampled by method that does not collect vapor. g) According to analytically determined composition. h) For control of general room sir, biologic monitoring Is essential for personnel control. RudlOMCtivity: For permissible concentrations of radioisotopes ir. alr,es U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Stan dard* Handbook ft, "Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and e | Maximum IVrmis-ihlr t'oiurnt t.ilioii* of Itndiniiuctidi's In Air anil In W.aliT fur lVrupathiul I xpmuri'," June 5. I960. Also, ace U.S. 1 Department of Commerce, Nalion.nl Iturenu of Standards, Hand* f Nml JO. "frmilulWr Hone from Mxlrrnal Sourer* of Ionizing Kadi ' Mina," StNoaV't* 1*. I*M, anil aililrmlum of April 15, 1958. A ' report. Ii.nrle Kaillallon Protection Criteria, published by the Nation al Committee on Radiation Protection, rcvlara and modernizes the concept of Ihe NCRPatandarda of 1954, 1957 and l9S8;ohlalnabl# a* NCRf* Rapt. No. 39, P.O. Do* 9**7, Waahln|ton, D.C. 2000*. Substance MINERAL DUSTS .. nvg>.p.e.f/) SILICA Cflatoballta, CryttaDIn* Amorpboua, Indudln* nalarlt dlatomaeaoua aarth - Quart! U*o one-half th* value calculated from th* couni or maaa formula* for quart*. 20 TLV In nyipef: % quartz + 10 i TLV for rc*pirable dual i In mp/in ; Id mr/m3*^ % Kcspirahlc quartz 4- i ! TLV for "total duat,* respirable and nonrespirable: 30 mg/m3 % quartz a 3 Silica, fused TTIdymite . Use quartz formulae. Use one-half the value calculated from formula* for quartx. ` SILICATES (< 1 % quartz) * Asbestos, all types Mica Perlite Portland Cement Soapstone Talc (non-asbestiform) Talc (fibrous) use asbestos limit Tremolite (see Talc, fibrous) Graphite (natural) . _ 20 30 ' 30 20 . 3_0 ' -- IS `See Notice of Intended Change! for Mineral Dust*. NUISANCE PARTICULATES (see Appendix E) 30 m.p.p.c.f. or 10 mg/m3 of total duat <1% quarts I Conversion factors i mppcf X 35.3 = million particle* per cubic meter = particles per c.c. I) Millions of particles per cubic fool of air, based on impinger sample* counted by light-field technics. J) The percentage of quart* in the formula is the amount deter mined from airborne samples, except in those instance* in which other method* have been shown to be applicable. k) Both concentration and percent quarts for th* application of this limit arc to be determined from th* fraction passing a sin ' aelector with the following characteristics: . - i A.roaynamic 1 Dl.metcr (Jtm) 1 (unit density sphere) ' <2 . !` 2.5 , 3.5 5.0 10 % passing selector 90 75 so 25 . 0 I) containing <1% quarts; If quarts content > 1%, use formulae for quarts. NOTICE OF INTENDED CHANGES (for 1973) These substances, with their corresponding values, comprise ' those for which either a limit has been proposed for th* first time, ' or for which a change in the "Adopted" listing hat been proposed, | In both cates, the proposed limit* should be conaldered trial limits that will remain In the listing for a period of at tout two yaara. If, after two yean no evidence comes to light that quoatloni th* approprtateneaa of th* valuea herein', th* value* wM b* reconsidered for the "Adopted'' list. Documentation I* available for each of thc*c substance*. Substance 4 Bnygnn -- 4 Caprolactam (2-Oxoh*xam*thyt*nlmln*) Dust -- Vnpor 4 Carhofuran -- Skin Carbon Iclrahromlde Cesium hydroxide Catechol Cliloroilifluoromethane 5 -- 0.1 - '1 1,000 4 bi*-Chloromelliy| ether 4 Chloroinclhyl ether Chloropyrifo* (Ouraban*) -- fkln .-- -- --. 4 o-Chlorotolucne n-Clilorost yrene Clopldol (Coyilcn*) 2-('iiloro-6-(triehlnrn methyl) so so -- ' pyridine (N-Serve*) Crufontatc (Kudene) 4 Cotton dust, raw -- -- -- 4 Cydolicxylamine lliryclopentadlcnyl Iron Diethyl phtlialale ' 3,5-Dinitro-o-ioluamlde (Zoalana*) , 4 Dimethyl sulfate -- Skin '' 10 -- -- -- -- 4 Diox line -- Skin 4 Disyston -- Skin . so .-- 4 Ethylidcnc norbornene Eormamide 0.2 Furfuryl alcohol 1 5 4 Hexaclilorocydopentadiene , *0.01 Isophornnc V.' '10 4 Manganese cydopenladlenyl tricarhonyl (as Mn) -- Skin -- . 4 4-4'-Mcthylene bis (2-chloroanlltne) - Skin 0.02 c Methylene bis (4-cydohexyl*ii* * isocyanate) 0.01 4 Methylene chloride (Dlchloromathana) 2S0 Mcthylcthyl ketone peroxide ^ _ C 0.2 Mineral wool fiber 4 Phorate (Thimet) -- Skin -- Picloram (Tordon) ' - , Potassium hydroxide -- 4 Silicon tetrahydride (Silane) Tricyelohcxyl tin hydroxide (Plictran) Vinylidene chloride 4 Zinc atearate o.s -- 10 -- mgfM 'V 0.5 1 25 0.03 1.4 2 4.5 3.500,. A* A1* 0.2 283 10 . 10 05 .2"^ 40 10 5 5, A5 -- 0.1 0.6 20 20 0.1 Si 0.1 A3 0.11 890 1.5 E 0.05 10 C2 0.7 5 40 E NOTES a) Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25C and 760 mm. Hg. pressure. b) Approximate milligrams of particulate per cubic meter of air. m) Lint free dust as measured by the vertical-elutriator, cotton-dust sampler described in the Transactions of the National Conference on Cotton Dust. J.R. Lynch, pg. 33, May 20, 1970. Capital letters refer to Appendices. 1972 Revision or Addition 1973 Revision or Addition CHANGES IN ADOPTED VALUES TENTATIVE LISTINGS All changes that are recommended are based or. oocu,Tier,ted evidence which U'available from the chairman. Substance Prom To _ Cadmium oxide fume Carbon dioxide 0.1 C 0.05 mg/m-1 Doc* .icr.ujion to permit TL v of I .',000 ppm provided certain stim btoChloroethyl ether ulated ntcdicai criteria are iyw .. C 15 ppm 5 ppm _ Copper fume - 0.1 mg/m3 0.2mg/m3 IIron Oxide fume Paraffin wax fum* Sodium hydroxide 10 mg/m3 1 mg/m3 2 mg/m3 , ' 5mg/m3 2 mg/m3 C 2 mg/m* NOTICE OF INTENDED CHANGES , MINERAL DUSTS StgMtanoa ' ' Albertot (AM types) ' , ' ' TLV 5 flbers/mOs/lin length") A4 * Sill.'* flKtir , Ttipnll ,, tl*r mpirahli- m.n\ formula for f| n.-irt/. Use mplralilc mass format! fat quartz. f ' I) A* determined hy the membrane fillet method el 400-450 X magnification (4 mm ohjecilvr) phase contrast Nomination, Cnncentrnllont 5 fibcr*/ml hut not lo exceed 10, may be fiermltted fot 15-mlnnte period* each hour up to fltt thnaa dally. '* ' J Revision of Addition 1 NOTICE OF INTENDED CHANGES APPENDIX A ' . Carcinogens ia The Committee list* helou- Chore substances In Indu.itrlal u*e that have proven carcinogenic In man or have Induced cancer In animals under experimental conditions. Present listing of those substances carcinogenic for man tales two forms, those for which a TLV has been assigned (la), and those for which environmental conditions have not been sufficiently defined to assign a TLV (lb). - 1 _ la. Human Carcinogens - Substances known to be occupational carcinogens with an assigned TLV: Asbestos, S fjbers/cc^Sftm In length: certain insoluble chromates, 0.1 mg/m*i Coal tar pitch volatiles, 200 pph; Nickel carbonyl, I ppb. ,. . lb. Human Carcinogens - Substances known to be occupational carcinogens without an assigned TLV: 4-Ainiiioiliphenyl lleiicitline & its salts l.is l'hloromethyl ether C'ldoromcthyl ether K'la-Naphthylaminc 4-NilroJiphenyl i | ; ', , 1 Tor the substances in I b, no exposure or contact by any route, respiratory, skin or oral,as detected by the most sensitive methods, shall he permitted. "No exposure contact" means hermitizing the process or operation by the best practicable engineering methods, and protcs-ting ills' worker by proper equipment that will insure virtually no contact or entry of the carcinogen by any route. ' , '' ; .' 3. experimental Carcinogens -- Industrial aubstances found to be of high potency In inducing tumors under eaperimental conditions in animals: r j I etylaminofluorenc -Pichlorobcnsidinc 4-Dimcthylaminoazobcnzene Dimethyl sulfate rthyleniminv 4.4'-Methylene bis (2-Chloroanlllne) N-Nitrosodimethylamine bcta-Propiolaclonc ' ' I j | ! ' . For the above, worker exposure by all route* should be reduced o a minimum in light of the warning of the potency of these ubstanccs to induce tumors in animals. "Reduced to a minimum" leans extraordinary care shall be taken both in manufacture and in andiing so that worker exposure by all routes is kept to an reducible minimum. APPENDIX B I'olyterrafluorocthylcnc * Decomposition products. Thermal decomposilion of the fluorocarbon chain in air leads to the formation of oxidi/cd produces containing carbon, fluorine and oxy.'i-n. because these products decompose in part by hydro lysis ir. aUaline solution, they can be quantitativciy determined Jr. air as fluoride to provide an index of exposure. No TLV is recommended pending determination of the toxicity of the products, but r.ir concentrations should be minimal. * Gasoline and/or e'ciroieam Distillates. Tnc composition of these materials varies greatly and thus a single TLV for all types of tr.c'c materials is r.o ionper applicable. In general, the aromatic hydrocaroon content wilt determine what TLV applies. Conse quently the content of benzene, other aromatics and addltivaa should be determined to arrive at the appropriate TLV (Elkina, et al. A.I.H.A.J. 24: 99. 1963). . rade Names: Algoflon, Fluon, Halon, Teflon, Tetran t APPENDIX C THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES FOR MIXTURES iVhen two or more hazardous substances are present, their corn ed effect, rather than that of either Individually, should be given -nary, consideration. In the absence of Information to the con y, the effect! of the different hazard* should be considered aa lllv*. That la. If the sum of th following fractions, - exceeds unity, then the threshold limit of the mixture shunM he considered as being exceeded. Cj indicates the liliv rrr| .nm-.-|)'r- Ic concentration, anil T( the corresponding threshold Innil r.-c Lxamplc |A.a. and lA.c.). Exceptions to the above rule may he made when there ts good reason to believe that the chief effects of the different harmful auhslancea are nol In facl additive, but Inrlrprnrlrnt as when purely local effects on different organs of the body are produced by the various components of the mixture. In such cases the threshold limit ordinarily la exceeded only when al least one member of the series Itself has a value exceeding unity (See Example I A.c.). Antagonistic action nr potentiation may occur with some combi nations of atmospheric contaminants. Such caw. al prrvnt mm-.l he determined individually. Potentiating or ant.-igoniuir .i;-.nt- arc riot necessarily harmful by themselves. Potentiating effi srs of cx,v,-ure to such agents hy routes other than that of inhalation is ai .o p<,Ihle, c.g. imbibed alcohol and Inhaled narcotic (Iriehloroctiiyl'.iie). Potentiation is characteristically exhibited at high concentrations, less probably at low. . When a given operation or process characteristically cmiis a num ber of harmful duals, fumes, vapors nr gases, il wilt frc<|i.-:r.H> ` c only feasible to attempt to evaluate the hazard by measurement of a single substance. In such eases, the threshold limit used for tms substance should be reduced by a suitable factor, the magniludc of which will depend on the number, toxicity and relative quantity of the other contaminants ordinarily present. Examples of processes which are typically associated with two or more harmful atmospheric contaminants are welding, automobile repair, blasting, painting, lacquering, certain foundry operations, diesel exhausts, etc. (Example 3 in I A.a.). THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES FOR MIXTURES EXAMPLES l>Le- General case, where air is analyzed for each component: a. Additive effects. (Note: It is essential that the atmosphere be analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively for each component present, in order to evaluate compliance or ' noncompllance with this calculated TLV.) C. Cl c, 11 *Tj Tj+ - I Example No. ll Air contains S ppm of carbon tetrachloride (TLV * 10 ppm) 30 ppm of ethylene dichloride (TLV * SO , ppm) and 10 ppm of ethylene dibromide (TLV * 25 ppm) Atmospheric concentration of mixture * 5 30 10 * 35 ppm of mixture S 30 10 35 20 30 10* SO* 25 * SO * '-3 ' Threshold Limit is exceeded. Furthermore, the TLV of this mixture may be calculated by reducing . the total fraction to 1.0: l.e. TLV of mixtu.-c -'TMy-27 ppm Example No. 2: Air contains 200 ppm of hcxar.c (7LV = 500 ppm) 100 ppm of methylene ch.oriue (TLV - 500 ppm) unci 20 ppm of perchtoroethyiene (TLV = 100 ppm) ' Atmospheric conceniration of mix.ure = 200 v 100 20* 320 ppm of mixiu.-e 200 100 20 200-HQO+I00 400 500 * 500 + 100 ---------500 " 500 = o i Threshold Limit is not exceeded. The TLV of this mixture * 320 O.B*40 PPm lA-b. Special case when the source of contaminant is a liquid mix , ' turc and the atmospheric composition is assumed to be simi- . lar to that of the original material: c.g. on a lime weighted - average exposure basis, all of the liquid (solvent) mixture eventually evaporates. . . . Additive effteti (approximate solution) - G 1, The percent composition (by weight) of the liquid mix - tore it known, the TLV* of the constituent* must be lis ted In mg/m1, ' . \ i. I`i r f,` , i.iln.it, . .imi'llin. r with this VI. I', field inxtriimriitt should he calibrated, In the laboratory, ' for response in this sprelfle quantitative and tttraUtaHve air- vapor mixture, and aim to fractional.cemcentrattons of thla mix biff; r.g.,7 n Ihr Tl.V; 1/10 the TLV; 2 X the TtVi 10 X the TLV; tie.) TLV ormlilm __________ I Tt!\74TC^4'Tfev5*-*,Tr^ Ttwiple No. I: Liquid nohtiil rnnlelni (by weight) 50% heptane (TLV JOOO mg/m*K30% methylene chloride (TLV * |?40 mg/m*) 20% perchloroelhylene (TLV 470 mg/m*) ' TLV of mixture * __ ________ I 0.5 0.3 0.2 * 20004 17404 070 !________________________ .OOOJJ .00017 .0003 * .00072" I 1390 mg/m* Of this mixture: 50% or 69s mg/m* is heptane, 30% or 417 mg/m* Is methylene chloride and 20% or 8?g m|/m* il perchlorocthyicne ' These values can be converted to ppm as follows: heptane -- 2000 mg/m* * 500 ppm I mg/m* * 0.25 ppm 695 mg/m* 174 ppm methylene chloride - 1740 mg/m* * 500 ppm I mg/m* * 0.287 ppm 417 mg/m* "119 ppm perchlorocthyicne - 670 mg/m* * 100 ppm I mg/m* * 0.1$ ppm 27* mg/m* * 42 ppm . . The TLV of this mixture = - 174 119 + 42 * 335 ppm. 4. Independent effects. Air contains 0.15 mg/m* of lead (TLV,0.2) and 0.7 mg/m* of sulfuric acid (TLV,|). MS 0. 1.10*0-75; I "0.7 Threshold limit is not exceeded. IB.S. General Exact Solution for Mixtures of N Components With Additive Effects and Different Vapor Pressures. (J)C, +C2 + ...4Q, TT'.: . (2.1) T^-+%-+. /. e%7 |, By the Law of Partial Pressures, (*) Cj 'ip,, and by Raouit's Law, (4) pj = F| p, Comh.r.c (.3) and (4) to obtain (5) C. = ..F,p.. Comoinii.g (i), (2,1) ana (s). we obtain (> h Pl Z1P2I tnPn__ and solving for T, x ' f. . ) T -- Thrnlmlil I.mill V.iliir in ppm. C - V|Mr comentriilion in ppm. p -- Vnpnr pressure nf <>n,>r>, in -.olulion. p -- Vapor pressure of pure component, f -- Mol fraction of component in solution, a - A constant of proportionality. Subscripts I, 2,... n relate the above quantities to compo nents I, 2,... n, respectively. Subscript I refers to an arbitrary component from I to n. Absence of subscript relates the quantify to the mixture. IB.b. Solution In be applied when there Is a reservoir of the solvent mixture whose composition docs not change appreciably by evaporation.' Exact Arithmetic Solution of Specific Mixture Solvent Mol. wl. Density TLV P 2SC Mol fr.u in ll.llf-.md- half Solution by volume Trichloroelhylene(l) 131.4 1.46 g/ml 100 73mm Hg 0.527 Methylchloro form (1) 133.42 1.33 g/ml 350 125mm Hg 0.473 F|P|S (0.527) (73)* 38.2 Fj p2* = (0.473) (125) * 59.2 ____ 38.2 59.2 (97.4) (350) tlv *'38.2 -59.2 "nrr-Tv.r! 100 4 350 (97.4) (350) 5--i.tr z * 177 TLV* 177 ppm (Note difference in TLV when account is taken of vapor pressure and mol fraction In comparison with the above sample where such account is not taken.) ' 2. A mixture of one part of (I) parathion (TLV, 0.1) and two parts of (2) EPN (TLV, 0.5). c,*ac, . Cm " 3C, Tm *~T"" 0.21 mg/m* 1C TLV for Mixtures of Mineral Dusts. For mixtures of biologically active mineral dusts the general I formula for mixtures may be used. . For a mixture containing 80% talc and 20% quartz, the TLV for 100% of the mixture it given by: t TLV --33-- " 3-4 mppcf ~2C~*3T~ Essentially the same result will be obtained if the lir.n: 0/ the more (most) toxic component Is used provided the effects are additive, in the above example the limit for 20% quartz Is 10 mppef. For another mixture of 25% quartz, 25% amorphous silica and 50%talc: TLV * o,25` "6?35*"' 0~5~ * 7.3 mppef 2.5 4 20 4 20 The limit for 25% quartz approximates 8 mppef. APPENDIX D . PERMISSIBLE EXCURSIONS FOR TIMEWEIGHTED AVERAGE (TWA) LIMITS The Excursion TLV Factor In the Table automatically defines the magnitude of the permissible excursion above the limit for those , ubetancae not given a "C" designation! La. the TWA limits. Exam- rl. s in the T.il>lc show flint nllrnltcn/rnc, |hr TI.V fur which It I PPm. should never he allmvrtl In exceed .1 ppm. Similarly, esrhon tetrachloride, TLV |0 ppm, should never be allowed lo exceed 20 ppm. By contrast, those substances with a "C" dcslfnstlon are not subject to the excursion factor and must be kept below the TLV. These limiting excursions are to be considered to provide a "rule* of-thumb" guidance for listed atibstanees generally, end may not provide the most appropriate excursion for particular suhsiance. Efforts are being made to develop such specific excursions, when Indicated to be significantly different from that recommended by the present excursion factors* '. Substance Nitrohenrene Carbon tetra chloride o-Dichlorobenrene Acetone Boron Trifluoride Butylsmine Styrene monomer TtV ,Fpm t 1 ... 10 so ' 1000 Cl CS Cl 00 Excursion Factor ` . Max. Cone. Permitted for short time ii ppm __ I a . ao i.< i.a>. . . as ia$o - ` - .1 g 100 For all substances: Excursion TLV >0-1 (ppm or mg/ms), Factor * 3 TLV >1-10 " " 2 TLV >10*100 " " 1.5 TLV >100-1000" " -1.2 5 '' BASIS FOR ASSIGNING LIMITING "C" VALUES . , By definition in the Preface, a listed value bearing a "C" designation refers to a "ceiling" value that should not be exceeded; all values should fluctuate below the listed value. This, In effect, makes the "C" designation a maximal allowable concentration (MAC). In general, the bases for assigning or'not assigning a "C" value rest on whether excursions of concentration above s proposed limit for periods up to IS minutes may result In a) intolerable irritation, b) chronic, or irreversible tissue change, or c) narcosis of sufficient degree to incresse accident proneness, Impair self-rescue or materially reduce work efficiency. APPENDIX E Some Ntibonco Particulates' q) Alundum (Al3Oj) Calcium carbonate Cellulose (paper fiber) Portland Cement Corundum (AtjOj) Emery Class, fibrous^ or duet Glycerin Mist Graphite (synthetic) Gypsum Vegetable oil mists (except castor, cashew nut, or similar irritant oils) Kaolin Limestone Magnesite Marble Pcntaerythritol - Plaster of Farit Rouge , Silicon Carbide Starch Sucrose Tin Oxide . Titanium Dioxide q) When toxic impurities are noi present, 04. quart! < 1% r) v S-7/bn in diameter APPENDIX F Some Simple Asphyxiants - "Inert" Gases end Vapors^ | Acetylena ' Argon ; Butsna ; Ethans I Ethylene 1 Hydrogen - Methane Neon ... Nitrogen Nitrous Oxide . Propena , As defined under simple asphyxiants, M preface. " '