Document 44XMeXQdVD2qJkbY0L12V8dON

'22260 RULES'AND REGULATIONS the operator when facing the area to be served by the load hook, or while facing .the direction of travel of the cab. The arrangement shall allow the operator a : (iil? Ladders shall be permanently and lowering^ direction shall, in additibn to securely fastened In place ami shall be *holdingbrake, be equipped with control constructedin. compliance with19l(L27. braking means to prevent overspeeding. (e): StopSibumpers.railsweeps.tatd (2Holding brakes; (i) Holding brakes -c full view1 of the load hook in all positions, guards--(1) Trolley stops, (i) Stops shall Tar hoist motors shall have not less than (ii) : The cab be located to af be provtded-_at the limits of travel of the following percentage of the full load ford a minimum of 3 inches clearance the trolley... . batsting torque at the point where the from all fixed structures within its (ii) Stops shall be fastened to resist brake is applied. area of possible movement. forces applied when contacted. (a) 125- percent when used with a con Ciii) The clearance of the cab above Oil) A stop engaging the tread of the trol braking means other than mechani the working floor or passageway should wheel shall be of a height at least equal cal. be not less than 1 feet. to the radius of the wheel.. - -- (6) 100 percent when used in conjunc (2) Access fo crane.'Access to the cab V (2) Bridge bumpers, (i) A crane shall tion with a mechanical control braking - and/or bridge walkway shall be by a be provided with bumpers 'capable of means.'-';-:'' conveniently placed fixed ladder, stairs, .stopping the crane (not including the' (c) 100 percent each if two holding or platform requiring no step over any lifted toad) at a rate of deceleration not brakes are provided. gap exceeding 12 inches. Fixed ladders to exceed 3 feet per second per second (ii) Holding brakes on hoists shall shall be in conformance with the Ameri when traveling in either direction at 29 have ample thermal' capacity for the can National Standard Safety Code for percent of the rated load speed. frequency of operation , required by the Fixed Ladders. ANSI A14.3--1956. (a) The bumper shall have sufficient service. (3) Fire extinguisher. A carbon diox energy absorbing capacity to stop the (iii) Holding brakes on hoists shall be ide, dry-chemical, or equivalent hand crane when traveling at a speed of at -applied automatically when power is fire extinguisher should be kept in the least 40 percent of rated load speed. removed. cab. Carbon tetrachloride extinguishers (b) The bumper shall be so mounted (iv) . Where necessary holding brakes shall not be used. that there is no direct shear on bolts. shall be provided with adjustment means . (4) Lighting. Light in the cab shall be . (ii) Bumpers shall be so designed and to compensate for wear. sufficient to enable the operator to see installed as to minimize parts falling (v) The wearing surface of all hold clearly enough to perform his work. from the crane in case of breakage. ing-brake drums or discs shall be (d) Footwalks and ladders--(1) lo (3) Trolley bumpers, (i) Trolley shall smooth. cation of footwalks. (i) If sufficient be provided with bumpers capable of (vi) Each independent hoisting unit of headroom is available on cab-operated stopping the trolley (not including the a crane handling hot metal and having cranes, a footwalk shall be provided on lifted load) at a rate of deceleration not power control braking means shall be the drive side along the entire length of to exceed 4.7 feet per second per second equipped with at least two holding the bridge of all cranes having the when traveling in either direction at one- brakes. trolley running on the top of the girders. third of the rated load speed. (3) Control braking means. (i) A To give sufficient access to the opposite (ii) When more than one trolley is power control braking means such as side of the trolley, there should, be pro operated on the same bridge, each shall regenerative, dynamic or countertorque vided either a footwalk mounted on the be equipped, with bumpers on adjacent braking, or a mechanically controlled trolley, a suitable footwalk or platform ends. .>: braking means shall be capable of main in the building, or a footwalk on the . (ill) Bumpers shall be designed and in taining safe lowering speeds of rated opposite side of the crane at least twice stalled to minimtee parts falling from loads. jhe length of the trolley. the trolley in case of breakage. (ii) The control braking means shall - (ii) Footwalks should be located to give (4) Rail sweeps. Bridge trucks shall have ample thermal capacity for the fre a headroom not less than 78 inches. In be equipped with sweeps which extend quency of operation required by service. no case shall less than 48 inches be below the top of the rail and project In (4) Brakes for trolleys and bridges. provided. If 48 inches of headroom can front of the truck wheels. (i) Foot operated brakes shall not require not be' provided, footwalks should be (5) Guards for hoisting ropes. Ai) If -an applied force of more than 70 pounds omitted from the crane and a stationary hoisting ropes run near enough to other -to develop manufacturer's rated brake platform or landing stage built for work parts to make fouling or chafing possible, torque. men making repairs. guards shall be installed, to prevent this . (ii) Brakes may be applied by me <2> Construction of footwalks. (i) condition. chanical, electrical, pneumatic, hydrau Footwalks shall be of rigid construction (ii) A guard shall be provided to pre lic; or gravity means. ' and designed to sustain a distributed load vent contact between bridge conductors - (iii) Where- necessary brakes shall be of at least 50 pounds per square foot. and hoisting ropes if they could come provided with adjustment means to (ii) Footwalks shall have a walking into contact. compensate for wear. surface of antisUp type. Note: Wood will meet this requirement. Ciii) Footwalks should be continuous and permanently secured. (iv) Footwalks should have a clear pas sageway at least 18 inches wide except opposite the bridge motor, where they -should be not less than 15 inches. The inner edge shall extend at least to the line of the outside edge of the lower : cover plate or flange of the girder. . (3)Toeboar<is and handrails for foot: walks: Toeboards and handrails shall be r -in compliance with section 1910.23 of this `part. - ' ^ hv (4>. Ladders and stairways-, (i) Gantry : cranes shall be provided with ladders or ; ^stairways extending from-the ground to i,the. footwalk orcab.platform. - *, (ii> . Stairways shall be. equipped with :rigid ;and.'substantial metal handrails. '..Walking surfaces shall be of an antislip . type. (6) Guards for moving parts(i) Ex - -(It) The wearing surface'of all brake- posed moving parts such as gears, set drums or discs shall be smooth. screws, projecting keys, chains, chain sprockets, and reciprocating components (v) All foot-brake pedals shall be constructed so that the operator's foot which might constitute a hazard under normal operating conditions shall be guarded. (ii) Guards shall be securely fastened. (iii) Each guard shall be capable of supporting without permanent distortion the weight of a 200-pound person, unless the guard is located where it is impos sible for a person to step on it. (f) Brakes--(l) .Brakes for hoists. (i) Each independent hoisting unit of a crane shall be equipped with at least one will not easily slip off the pedal. (vi) Foot-operated brakes shall be equipped with automatic means for posi tive' release when pressure is released from the pedal. (vii) Brakes for stopping the motion of the trolley or bridge shall be of suf ficient size to stop the trolley or bridge .within a distance in feet equal to 10 per cent of full load speed in feet per minute when traveling at full speed with full self-setting brake* hereafter: referred to load. as a holding brake, applied directly to the motor shaft or some part of-the gear (viii) If holding brakes are provided mi the . bridge or trolleys, they shall train. (ii) Each independent hoisting unit of not prohibit the use of a drift point in the control circuit. a crane, except worm-geared hoists, the V (ix) Brakes on trolleys and bridges angle of whose worm is such as to "tiiall have ample thermal capacity for prevent the load from accelerating in the the frequency of operation required by FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER T8, 1972 RULES AND REGULATIONS >22229 (e)' Maxlmtim load imposed by filling (15) Insulation. Refrigerated contain eratdons, The control mechanism-forswch the -container;-:with', ammonia wanner ers and pipelines which , are insulated .valves may- be provided .with a second than the desigri.storage temperature. shall be covered with a material of suit ary control remote from toe delivery c<m- (ii) More than, one-storage container able quality and thickness for ;toe tem .nections. and such. control mechanism may be handled by the same refrigera peratures encountered. Insulation , shall .shall, be. provided witira fusible seetkn tion system. - ; : ;; . - . - be suitably supported and protected . (melting point 308 F. to- 220 F.) which (9) Compressors. . against the weather. Weatherproofing .will permit the .internal valve to- dose (i> A minimum of two compressors shall be of a type which will not support .automatically in case of fire. shall be provided either of which shall flame propagation. (iii) Filling connections shall be pro be of. sufficient size to handle the loads (e) Systems utilizing portable DOT vided with automatic back-pressure listed in subparagraphs (8) (i) (a) and containers.AD Conformance. Cylinders check valves, excess-flow valves, or quick- (b). of this paragraph.. Where more than shall comply with DOT specifications dosing internal valves, to prevent back- two compressors are provided minimum and shall be maintained, filled, packaged, flow in case toe filling connection is standby equipment equal to the largest marked, labeled, and shipped to comply broken. Where,the fining and discharge normally operating equipment shall be With 49 CFR Chapter I and Marking -connect to a common opening in toe con installed. Filling . compressors may be Portable Compressed Gas Containers to tainer shell and that opening is fitted used as standby equipment for holding compressors. Identify the Material Contained, ANSI 248.1-1954 (R1970). with a quick-dosing internal valve as specified in subdivision (ii) of this sub- (ii) Compressors shall be sized to op (2) Storage. Cylinders shn.ii be stored paragraph, the automatic valve shall not erate with a suction pressure at least In an area free from ignitable debris and be required. 10 percent below the minimum setting of in such manner as to prevent external (iv) All containers shall be equipped the safety vahre(s> on the storage con corrosion.. Storage may be- indoors or for spray loading (filling in the vapor tainer and h*u withstand a suction pres outdoors. space) or with an approved vapor return sure at least equal to.120 percent of the (3) Heat protection. Cylinders filled in valve of adequate capacity. design pressure of .toe container. accordance with DOT regulations will (4) Piping and fittings, (i) All piping, (10) Compressor drives. become liquid full at 145 F. Cylinders tubing, and fittings shall be securely (i) Each compressor shall have its in dividual driving unit. shall be protected from heat sources such mounted and protected against damage. as radiant flame and steampipes. Heat Means shall be provided to protect hoses (11) An emergency source of power of shall not be applied directly to cylinders while the vehicle is in motion. sufficient capacity.to handle toe loads to raise the pressure. (ii) Fittings shall comply with para listed in subparagraphs (3) (i) (a) and (4) Protection. Cylinders shall be graph (b)(6) of this section. Pipe shall (b) of this paragraph shall be provided stored in such manner as to protect them be Schedule 80. unless facilities are available to safely dispose of vented vapors while the refrig eration system is not operating. (11) Automatic control equipment. (i)The refrigeration system shall be arranged with suitable controls to govern the compressor operation in accordance with the load as,evidenced by the pres sure in the container (s>. (ii) An emergency alarm system shall be installed to function in the event the pressure in. the container(s) rises to the maximum allowable operating pressure. (ill) An'emergency.alarm and shutoff shall belocated in toe condenser system to respond to excess discharge pressure caused by failure of the cooling medium. (iv) All automatic controls shall be in from moving vehicles or external damage. (5) Valve cap. Any cylinder which is designed to have a valve protection cap shall have the cap securely in place when toe cylinder is not in service. (f) Tank motor vehicles for the trans portation of ammonia. AD This para graph applies to containers and perti nent equipment mounted on tank motor vehicles including semitrailers *nri full trailers used for the transportation of ammonia. This paragraph does not apply to farm vehicles. For requirements cov ering farm vehicles, refer to paragraphs (g) and (h) of this section. Paragraph (b> of this section applies to this paragraph unless otherwise noted. (5) Safety relief devices, (i) The dis charge from safety relief valves shall be vented away from the container upward and unobstructed to the open air in such a manner as to prevent any impingement of escaping gas upon the container; loose-fitting rain caps shall be used. of discharge lines from safety valves shall not be smaller than-toe nominal size of the safety-relief valve outlet con nection. Suitable provision shall be for draining condensate which may ac cumulate In the discharge pipe. - (ii) Any portion of liquid' ammonia piping which at any time may be closed at both ends shall be provided with a hydrostatic relief valve. stalled In a manner to preclude operation Containers and pertinent equipment for (6) Transfer of liquids, (l> The con of alternate compressors unless the con tank motor vehicles for the transporta tent of tank motor vehicle containers trols ' will function with the alternate tion of anhydrous ammonia, in addition shall be determined by weight, by a suit compressors;' to complying with the requirements of able liquid-level gaging device, or other (12) Separators ior compressors. this section, shall also comply with toe approved methods. If the content of a (i) An entrainment separator of suit requirements of DOT. container is to be determined by liquid- able size and design..pressure shall be (2) Design pressure and construction level measurement, the container shall installed in toe compressor suction line of containers, (i) The minimum design have a thermometer well so that the in of lubricated compression.The separator pressure for containers shall be that spec ternal liquid temperature' can be easily shall be equipped with a drain and gag ified in toe regulations of the DOT. determined. This volume when converted ing device. :. (U) The shell or head thickness of any to weight shall not exceed the filling den (ii) An oil.separator of suitable size container shall not be less than three- sity specified by the DOT. shall be installed in the compressor dis- sixteenth inch. (ii) Any pump, except a constant .charge line. It shall be designed for at (iii) All container openings, except speed centrifugal pump, shall be equipped least 250 p_si.g. and shall be equipped safety relief valves, liquid-level gaging with a suitable pressure actuated bypass with a gaging device and drain valve. devices, and pressure gages, shall be la valve permitting flow from discharge to (13) Condensers. The condenser sys beled to designate whether they com suction when the discharge pressure rises tem .may be cooled by air or water or municate with liquid or vapor space. above a predetermined point. Pump dis both.- The condenser. shall be designed (3) Container appurtenances. AD All charge shall also be equipped with a for at least 250 pjsi.g. Provision shall be appurtenances shall be protected against spring-loaded safety relief valve set at JsJ made for purging,noncondensibles either physicaldamage. ' a pressure not more than 135 percent of manually or automatically. (ii) A3 connections to containers, ex the setting of the bypass valve or more jT? (14) Receiver and liquid drain; A re cept filling connections, safety refief de than 400 p-5i.-gv whichever is larger. viver shall be provided with a liquid- vices, and liquid-level and pressure gage : Ciii) Compressors shall be equipped^ level control,to discharge, the liquid am connections, shall be provided with suit with manually operated shutoff valves onQ) monia to storage. The receiver shall be able automatic excess 'flow valves, or in both suction and'discharge connections/^ designed for at least 250 pjs-Lg. and be lieu thereof.may be fitted with quick Pressure gages of bourdon-tube typac* equipped with tile necessary connections, closing internal valves, which- shall re shall be Installed on the suction amf djs-K^ safety valves* and gaging device. main closed except during delivery op- charge of the compressor before No. 202--Pt. H------17 FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER IB, 1972 BFG30452 22230 RULES AND REGULATIONS shutoff valves. The compressor shall not be dislodged from its mounting due to (iv) All vehicles shall carry a can con be'operated if either pressure gage is re the vehicle coining to a sudden stop. taining 5 gallons or more of water. moved or is inoperative. A spring-loaded, Back slippage shall also be prevented by (h) Systems mounted on farm vehicles safety-relief valve capable of discharging proper methods. - for the application of ammonia. (1) This to atmosphere the full flow of gas from (ii) A suitable "hold down" device paragraph applies to systems utilizing the compressor at a pressure not exceed shall be provided which will anchor the containers of 250 gallons capacity or less ing 300 pai.g. shall be connected be container to the vehicle at one or more which are mounted on farm vehicles (im tween the compressor discharge and the places on each side of the container. plement of husbandry) and used for the discharge shutoff valve. (iii) When containers are mounted on application of ammonia to the soil. Par (iv) Valve functions shall be clearly four-wheel trailers, care shall be taken agraph (b) of this section applies to this and legibly identified by metal tags or to insure that the weight is distributed paragraph unless otherwise noted. nameplates permanently affixed to each evenly over both axles. Where larger containers are used, they valve. (iv) When the cradle and the tank shall comply with paragraph (g) of this (7) Full trailers and semitrailers, (i) are not welded together suitable mate section. All full trailers shall be firmly and se rial shall be used between them to elimi (2) Design pressure and classification curely attached to the vehicle drawing them by means of suitable drawbars sup nate metal-to-metal friction, (4) Container appurtenances, (i) All of containers, (i) The minimum design pressure for containers shall be 250 plemented by a safety chain (or chains) or safety cables. containers shall be equipped with a fixed liquid-level gage. psi.g. (ii) The shell or head thickness of any (ii) Every full trailer or semitrailer (ii) Ail containers with a capacity container shall not be less than three- shall have a reliable system of brakes, and adequate provision shall be made to exceeding 250 gallons shall be equipped with a pressure gage having a died grad sixteenths inch. (3) Mounting of containers. All con operate the brakes from the driver's seat. uated from 0-400 pai. tainers and flow-control devices shall be (iii) Every full trailer shall be equipped with self-energizing brakes. (iii) The filling connection shall be fitted with combination back-pressure securely mounted. (4> Container valves and accessories. (iv) Full trailers shall be so designed that the towed vehicle will follow sub stantially in the path of the towing ve hicle and will not whip or swerve dan gerously from side to side. (v) Where a fifth wheel is employed, it shall be ruggedly designed, securely fastened to both units, and equipped with a positive locking mechanism which will prevent separation of the two units except by manual release. (8) Protection against collision. Each tank motor vehicle shall be provided with properly attached bumpers or chas sis extension arranged to protect the tank, piping, valves, and fittings from physical damage in case of collision. (9) Chock blocks. At least two chock blocks shall be provided. These blocks shall be placed to prevent rolling of the vehicle whenever it is parked during loading and unloading operations. (10) Portable tank containers (.skid tanks). Where portable tank containers are used for farm storage they shall com ply with paragraph (c) (1) of this sec tion. When portable tank containers are used in lieu of cargo tanks and are permanently mounted on tank motor ve hicles for the transportation of am monia, they shall comply with the re quirements of this paragraph. (g) Systems mounted on farm vehicles other than for the application of am monia--(1) Application. This paragraph applies to containers of 1,200 gallons capacity or less and pertinent equip ment mounted on farm vehicles (imple ments of husbandry) and used other than for the application of ammonia to the soil. Paragraph (b) of this section applies to this paragraph unless other wise noted. check valve and excess-flow valve; one double or two single back-pressure check valves; or a positive shutoff valve in con junction with either an internal back pressure check valve or an internal excess flow valve. (iv) All containers with a capacity exceeding 250 gallons shall be equipped for spray loading or with an approved vapor return valve. (v) All vapor and liquid connections except safety-relief valves and those specifically exempted by paragraph (b) (6) (v) of this section shall be equipped with approved excess-flow valves or may be fitted with quick-closing Internal valves which, except during operating periods, shall remain dosed. (vi) Fittings shall be adequately pro tected from damage by a metal box or cylinder with open top securely fastened to the container or by rigid guards, well braced, welded to the container on both sides of the fittings or by a metal dome. If a metal dome is used, the relief valve shall be properly vented through the dome. (vii) If a liquid withdrawal line is in stalled in the bottom of a container, the connections thereto, including hose, shall not be lower than the lowest horizontal edge of the vehicle axle. (viii) Provision shall be made to secure both ends of the hose while in transit. (5) Marking the container. There shall appear on each side and on the rear end of the container in letters at least 4 Inches high, the words, "Cau tion--Ammonia" or the container shall be marked in accordance with DOT regulations. (6) Farm vehicles. (i) Farm vehicles shall conform with (i) Each container shall have a fixed liquid-level gage. (ii) The fining connection shall be fitted with a combination back-pressure check valve and an excess-flow valve; one double or two single back-pressure check valves: or a positive shutoff valve in conjunction with an internal back pressure check valve or an internal excess-flow valve. (iii) The applicator tank may be filled by venting to open air provided the bleeder valve orifice does not exceed seven-sixteenths inch in diameter. (iv) Regulation equipment may be connected directly to the tank coupling or flange, in which case a flexible con nection shall be used between such regu lating equipment and the remainder of the liquid withdrawal system. Regulat ing equipment not so installed shall be flexibly connected to the container shut off valve. (v) No excess flow valve is required in the liquid withdrawal line provided the controlling orifice between the contents of the container and the outlet of the shutoff valve does not exceed sevensixteenths inch in diameter. 1910.112 [Reserved] 1910.113 [Reserved] 1910.114 Effective dates. (a) The provisions of this Subpart H shall become effective on August 27, 1971, except as provided in the remain ing paragraphs of this section. (b) The following provisions shall be come effective on February 15,1972: 5 1910.101(b). 3 1910.102. 51910.103 (a)(2), (b)(l)(i), (b) (1) (111), (2) Design pressure and classification State regulations. (b) (2) (11),and (b)(3). of containers. (i) The minimum design (ii) All trailers shall be securely at $ 1910.105. pressure for containers shall be 250 p.s.i.g. tached to the vehicle drawing them by 5 1910.106 (b)(1), (b)(2), (b)(3), and (b) (11) The shell or head thickness of any container shall be not less than threesixteenths of an inch. (3) Mounting containers, (i) A suit able "stop" or "stops" shall be mounted on the'vehicle or on the container in means of drawbars supplemented by suitable safety chains. (iii) A trailer shall be constructed so that it will follow substantially in the path of the towing vehicle and will not whip or swerve dangerously from side to (4). 51910.108 (b)(5), (0(1), (C)(2), (c)(3). (c)(4), (c)(5), (c)(8), (d)(2), (d)(3) (il). (d) (4) (1), (d)(4) (Hi), (d)(4) (It), (d)(5)(v). (d)(5)(vl) (a), <e)(3)(Hl), (e)(3)(v), (e)(4), (e)(7). (f)(2) (ill), (f)(3)(l). (f)(4) (111), (f)(4)(iv), (f)(4) such a way that the container shall not side. (vlU). (f)(5), (g),(b),and (i). BFG30453 FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1972 RULES AND - REGULATIONS 22SS& U) "Bridge" means that part of a (43) "Hoist chain'1 means the load which supports the bridge girders, or .. me consisting of girders, trucks, end bearing chain in a hoist. trolleys. . y v - VJ" ties, footwalks, and drive mechanism which carries the trolley or trolleys. Note: Chain properties do not conform to (b> General requirements--(1) AppHthose shown in ANSI B30D-1971, Safety Code catiqn. This section applies.to overhead (22) "Bridge travel" means the crane for Slings. and gantry cranes, including semiguotry, movement in a direction parallel to the crane runway. (23) A "bumper" (buffer) is an energy absorbing device for reducing impact when a moving crane or trolley reaches the end of its permitted travel; or when two moving cranes or trolleys come in contact. (24) The "cab" is the operator's com partment on a crane. (25) "Clearance" means the distance from any part of the crane to a point of the nearest obstruction. (26) "Collectors current" are con tacting devices for collecting current from runway or bridge conductors. (27) "Conductors, bridge" are the electrical conductors located along the bridge structure of a crane to provide power to the trolley. (28) "Conductors, runway" (main) are the electrical conductors located along a crane runway to provide power to the crane. (29) The "control braking means" is a method of controlling crane motor speed when in an overhauling condition. (30) "Countertorque" means a method of control by which the power to the motor is reversed to develop torque in the opposite direction. 31) "Dynamic" means a method of trolling crane motor speeds when in tne overhauling condition to provide a retarding force. (32) "Regenerative" means a form of dynamic braking in which the electrical energy generated is fed back into the power system. (33) "Mechanical" means a method of control by friction. (34) "Controller, spring return" means a controller which when released will re (44) "Holst motion" means that mo tion of a crane which raises and lowers a load. (45) "Load" means the total super imposed weight on the load block or hook. (46) The "load block" is the assembly of hook or shackle, swivel, bearing, sheaves, pins, and frame suspended by the hoisting rope. (47) "Magnet" means an electromag netic device carried on a crane hook to pick up loads magnetically. (48) ifMaln hoist" means the hoist mechanism provided for lifting the maxi mum rated load. (49> A "man trolley" is a trolley hav ing an operator's cab attached thereto. (50) "Rated load" means the maxi mum load for which a crane or individ ual hoist is designed and built by the manufacturer and shown on the equip ment nameplate(s). (51) "Rope" refers to wire rope, unless otherwise specified. (52) "Running sheave" means a sheave which rotates as the load block is raised or lowered. (53) "Runway" means an assembly of rails, beams, girders, brackets, and framework on which the crane or trolley travels. (54) "Side pull'' means that portion of the hoist pull acting horizontally when the hoist lines are not operated vertically. (55) "Span" means the horizontal dis tance center to center of runway rails. (56) "Standby crane" means a crane which is not In-regular service but which is used occasionally or intermittently as required. (57) A "stop" is a device to limit travel cantilever gantry, wall cranes; stooge bridge cranes, and others having the same fundamental characteristics. These cranes are grouped because they all have trolleys and similar travel characteris tics. (2) New and existing equipment. All new overhead and gantry cranes con structed and installed on or after August 31,1971, shall meet the design specifica tions of the American National S*od- ard Safety Code for Overhead and Gan try Cranes, ANSI B30.2.0--1967. Overhead and gantry cranes constructed before August 31, 1971, should be modified to conform to those design specifications by February 15,1972, unless it can be shown that the crane cannot feasibly or eco nomically be altered and that the crane substantially complies with the requiremeats of this section. (3) Modifications. Cranes may be modified and rerated provided modifications and the supporting struc ture are checked thoroughly for the new rated load by a qualified engineer or the equipment manufacturer. The ame shall be tested in accordance with para graph (k) (2) of this section. New rated load shall be displayed in accordance with subparagraph (5) of this para graph. (4) Wind indicators, and rail clamps. Outdoor storage bridges shall be pro vided with automatic rail clamps. A wind-indicating device shall be provided which will give a visible or audible alum to the bridge operator at a predetermined wind velocity. If the clamps act on the rail heads, any beads or weld flash.on the rail heads shall be ground off. of a trolley or crane bridge. This device (5) Rated load marking. The rated normally is attached to a fixed structure load of the crane shall be plainly marked turn automatically to a neutral position. and normally does not have energy ab on each side of the crane, and if the (35) "Designated" means selected or assigned by the employer or the em ployer's representative as being qualified to perform specific duties. (36) A "drift point" means a point on sorbing ability. (58) A "switch" is a device for making, breaking, or for changing the connec tions in an electric circuit. (59) An "emergency stop switch" is a crane has more than one hoisting ift, each hoist shall have Its rated load marked on it or its load block and this marking shall be clearly legible from the ground or floor. a travel motion controller which releases manually or automatically operated elec (6) Clearance from obstruction. 6) the brake while the motor is not ener tric switch to cut off electric power in Minimum clearance of 3 inches overhead gized. This allows for coasting before the dependently of the regular operating and 2 inches laterally shall be provided brake is set. controls. and maintained between crane and ob (37) The "drum" is the cylindrical member around which the ropes are wound for raising or lowering the load. (38) An "equalizer" is a device which compensates for unequal length or (60) A "limit switch" is a switch which Is operated by some part or motion of a power-driven machine or equipment to alter the electric circuit associated with the machine or equipment. structions in conformity with Crane Manufacturers Association of America. Inc., Specification No. 61 (formerly the Electric Overhead Crane Institute, Inc). (ii) Where passageways or walkways stretch of a rope. (61) A "main switch" is a switch con are provided obstructions shall not be (39) "Exposed'' means capable of being contacted inadvertently. Applied trolling the entire power supply to the crane. T placed so that safety of personnel wiH be jeopardized by movements of the to hazardous objects not adequately (62) A "master switch" is a switch crane. guarded or isolated. which dominates the operation of con (7) Clearance between parallel cranes. (40) "Fail-safe" means a provision tactors, relays, or other remotely oper If the runways of two cranes are parallel, designed to automatically stop or safely ated devices. and there are no intervening walls or control any motion in which a malfunc (63) The "trolley" is the unit which structure, there shall be adequate clear tion occurs. travels on the bridge rails and carries the ance provided and maintained betwem 41) "Footwalk" means the walkway hoisting mechanism. the two bridges. n handrail, attached to the bridge or trolley for access purposes. (42) A "hoist" is an apparatus which may be a part ot a crane, exerting a force for lifting or lowering. (64) "Trolley travel" means the trolley ,. (c) Cabs--(l)Cab location, (i) The movement at right angles to the crane ' general arrangement of the cab and the runway. location of control and protective equip (65) "Truck" means the unit consisting ment shall be such that all operating of a frame, wheels, bearings, and axles handles are within convenient reach at FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL, 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1972 22258 RULES AND REGULATIONS of turrungthehand steering wheel in a they were when originally received from (2) An "automatic crane", is a crane smooth, sweeping motion. Except when the manufacturer, nor shall they be al- which when activated operates through maneuvering. at a- very low speed, the tered .either by the addition of .extra a preset cycle or cycles. hanrf steering wheel shall be,turned at a parts not- provided by the manufacturer (3) A "cab-operated crane" is a crane moderate, evehurate.' ' 7 or by the elimination of any parts, er- controlled by an operator in a cab lo (o) Loading,' (1) Only stable or safely cept as provided in subparagraph C12) of cated on the bridge or trolley. arranged loads shall be handled. Caution this . paragraph. Additional counter (4) "Cantilever gantry crane" means shall be exercised when handling off- weighting of fork trucks shall not be a gantry or semigantry crane in which center loads which .cannot be centered. done unless ' approved by the truck the bridge girders or trusses extend (2) Only loads within the rated ca pacity of the truck shall be handled. (3) The long or highXincluding multi ple-tiered) loads which may affect ca pacity shall be adjusted. (4) When attachments are used, par ticular care should be taken in securing, manipulating, positioning, and trans porting the load. Trucks equipped with attachments shall be operated as par tially loaded trucks when not handling a load. (5) A load engaging means shall.be placed under the load as far as possible; manufacturer. (7) Industrial trucks shall be exam ined before being placed In service,.and shall not be placed in service if the examination shows any condition' ad versely affecting the safety of the vehicle. Such examination shall be made at least daily. Where industrial trucks are used on a round-the-clock basis, they shall - be examined after each shift. Defects when found shall be immediately reported and corrected. (8) Water mufflers shall be filled daily transversely beyond the crane runway on one or both sides. (5) "Floor-operated crane" means a crane which is pendant or nonconductive rope controlled by an operator on the floor or an independent platform. (6) "Gantry crane" means a crane similar to an overhead crane except that the bridge for carrying the trolley or trolleys is rigidly supported on two or more legs running on fixed rails or other runway. (7) "Hot metal handling crane" means an overhead crane used for trans the mast shall be carefully tilted back or as frequently as is necessary to pre porting or pouring molten material. ward to stabilize the load. . vent depletion of the supply of water (8) "Overhead crane" means a crane (6) Extreme, care shall be used when . below 75 percent of the filled capacity. with a movable bridge carrying a mov tilting the load: forward or backward. Vehicles with mufflers having screens or able or fixed hoisting mechanism and particularly when high tiering. Tilting .other parts that may become clogged traveling on an overhead 'fixed runway forward with load engaging means ele vated shall be prohibited except to pick up a load. An elevated load shall not be tilted forward except when the load is in a deposit position over a rack,or stack. shall not be operated while such screens or parts are clogged. Any vehicle that emits hazardous sparks or flames from the exhaust system shall immediately be removed from service, and not returned structure. (9) "Power-operated crane" means a crane whose mechanism is driven by elec tric, air, hydraulic, or internal combus tion means. When stacking or tiering, only enough to service until the cause for the emis (10) A "pulpit-operated crane" is a backward tilt to stabilize the load shall be sion of such sparks and flames has been crane operated from a fixed operator sta used. eliminated. . tion not attached to the crane. (p)- Operation of the truck. (1) If at (9) -Wheathe temperature of anypart (H) A "remote-operated crane" is a any time a powered industrial truck is of any truck is found to be in excess of crane controlled by an operator not in a found to be in need of repair, defective, its normal operating temperature, thus pulpit or in the cab attached to the or in any way unsafe,-the truck shall be creating a hazardous condition, the crane, by any method other than pend taken out of service until it has been vehicle shall be removed from service and ant or rope control. restored to safe operating condition. not returned to service until the cause (12) A "semigantry crane" is a gantry (2) Fuel tanks shall not be filled while for such overheating has been eliminated. crane with one end of the bridge rigidly the engine is running. Spillage shall be CIO) Industrial trucks shall be kept supported on one or more legs that run avoided. (3) Spillage of oil . or fuel shall be in a clean condition, free of lint, excess oil, and grease. Noncombustible agents on a fixed rail or runway, the other end of the bridge being supported by a truck carefully washed away or completely should be used for cleaning trucks. Low running on an elevated rail or runway. evaporated and the. fuel tank cap re point (below 100* F.) solvents shall (13) "Storage bridge crane" means a placed before restarting engine. (4) No truck shall be operated with a leak in the fuel system until the leak has not be used-. High flash point (at or above gantry type crane of long span usually 100 F.) solvents may be used. Precau used for bulk storage of material; the tions regarding, toxicity,'ventilation, and bridge girders or trusses are rigidly or been corrected. : (5) Open flames shall not be used for otwftMng electrolyte level in storage bat teries or gasoline level in fuel tanks. (q>- Maintenance of industrial trucks, fire hazard shall be consonant with the agent or solvent used. .. (ID- Where it is necessary to use anti freeze in the *iginR cooling system, only those products having a glycol base shall nonrlgidly supported on one or more legs. It may have one or more fixed or hinged cantilever ends. (14) `Wall crane".means a crane hav ing a jib with or without trolley and sup (1) Any power-operated industrial truck beused. ported from a side wall or line of col not. in safe operating condition shaU be removed from service. All repairs shall be (12) Industrial trucks originally ap proved for the use of gasoline for. fuel umns of a building. It is a traveling type and operates on a runway attached to made by authorized personnel. . may be converted to liquefied petroleum ^ie side wall or columns. (2) No repairs' shall be made in Class gas fuel provided the complete conversion (15) "Appointed" means assigned spe I, n, .and III locations. results in a-truck which embodies the cific responsibilities by the employer or (3) Those repairs to the fuel and ig nition systems of industrial trucks which involve fire hazards shall be conducted only in locations designated for such repairs.: `' i C4) Tnicks in need of repairs to the electrical system shall have the battery disconnected prior to such repairs. ; (5) Allrparts Df any- such industrial features specified for LP or LPS desig the employer's representative. nated trucks. Such conversion equipment (16) "ANSI" means the American Na shall be approved. The description of the tional Standards Institute. component parts of this conversion sys (17) An "auxiliary hoist" is a supple tem and the .recommended method of mental hoisting unit of lighter capacity insta.Hfl.tinn on specific trucks are conf and usually higher speed than provided tained in the "Listed by Report." : * for the main hoist. ; - * (18) A "brake" is a device used for 1910.179:.Overbead and gantry cranea* retarding or stopping motion by friction triick'-requiring:/replacement shall be (a) Definitions applicable to this see-! or power means. . replaced only by parts eq_ui_v_a_l_e_nt as to tion. (1) A``crane" is a machine for lift--| (19) A "drag brake" is a brake which safety~with'thCse"nsedin the. origmalj^ns^andJowering-aJoad/j^^movingji* provides retarding force without external design. . . ; .. ,, - f horizontally, with: the hoisting,mech-a control. :- , > (6)_ Industrial: trucks shall-.not bel aaism an integral part of the machine. ` (20) A "holdingbrake" is a brake that altered so that the relative petitions ofj_ Cranes whether fixed or mobile - are ( automatically prevents motion when the various parts are different from w*hatt; driv.yeenn.'iffiiaa55iiuual!y1`'6or bypowern:------------ --power is off. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1972 RULES AND REGULATIONS 2223L .910.107(b)(1). (b)(2), (bMS). (b)(4). Compressed Qaa Association, Inc., .500 Fifth ,,,(vu). Protectors should be kept clean (b) (5) (1). (b) (5) (ill), (b) (5) (tr), (b) (6), (b)(7), (b)(8). (b) (10), (c)(1), (c)(4),' (c)(5), (c)(6). (C)(7). (d), (e)(7).(e)(8), Avenue, New York, NT 10036. American Society of Mechanical Engineers Inc., United Rnglaeerlng Center, 345 East . and in good repair. " -(3). Fersonswhose vision requires the (f) (1). (f) (2), (b). (1), (J), (1) <*>, (1) (3). . 47th Street, New York. NY 10017. ; : use of corrective lenses In spectacles,, and (1>(5). (I) (B), (t) (7), and (m)(l). American Petroleum Institute, lBOl K Street who arerequired by this standard to wear 11910.108 (b), (C), (e)(1), (r)(S>, (g)(3), NW., Washington,Dp 20006. eye protection, shall wear goggles or spec (B)(4), and (g)(5). National Board of Boiler arm Pressure Ves tacles of one of the following types: S 1910.108 (g)(6) and (h). 1910.110. S 1910.111. (c) Notwithstanding anything in paragraph (a), (b), or (d) of this sec tion, any provision in any other section of fchs subpart which contains in itself a specific effective date or time limitation sel, Inspectors, 1155 North High Street, Columbus, OH 43201. American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018. American- Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 1916 Race Street Philadelphia, PA 19103. . Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL), 207 East Ohio Street, Chicago, IL 60611. (i> Spectacles whose protective lenses provide optical correction. (ii) Goggles that can be. worn over corrective spectacles without disturbing the adjustment of the spectacles. (iii) Goggles that incorporate correc tive lenses mounted behind the protective lenses. . ' -;; shall become effective on such date or shall apply in accordance with such limitation. Subpart I--Personal Protective Equipment (4) Every protector shall be distinctly marked to facilitate identification only of the manufacturer. (d) Notwithstanding - anything in 1910.132 General requirements. (5) When limitations or precautions paragraph (a), or (b) of this section, if any standard in 41 CFR Part 50-204, other than a national consensus stand ard incorporated by reference in $ 50- 204.2(a)(1), is or becomes applicable at any time to .any employment and place of employment, by virtue of the Walsh- Healey Public Contracts Act,or the Serv ice Contract Act of 1965, or the National Foundation on Arts and Humanities Act of 1965, any corresponding established (a) Application. Protective equipment, including personal protective equipment for eyes, face, head, and extremities, pro tective clothing, respiratory devices, and protective shields and barriers, shall be provided, used, and maintained in a sani tary and reliable condition wherever it is necessary by reason of hazards of processes or environment, chemical haz ards. radiological hazards, or marhanjcal are indicated by the manufacturer, they shall- be transmitted to the user and care taken to see that such limitations and precautions are strictly observed:* (6) Design, construction, testing, and use of devices for eye and face protection shall be in accordance with American National Standard for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection, Z87.1-1968. Federal standard in this Subpart H irritants encountered in a manner capa 1910.134 Respiratory protection. which is derived from 41 CFR part 50204 shall also become effective, and shall be applicable to such employment and place of employment, on the same date. 1910.115 Sources of standards. 1910.101_____________ 41 CFR 50-204.67, 70, and 71. 41 CFB 50-204.66. NFPA No. SOB-1968. Standard for Liqui fied Hydrogen Sys tems St fVinmmpr Sites. ble of causing injury or impairment in the'function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or phys ical contact. (b) Emplavee-owned equipment. Where employees provide their own pro tective equipment, the employer be responsible to assure its adequacy, in cluding. proper maintenance, and sanita tion of such equipment. (c) Design. All personal protective equipment shall be of safe design and construction for the work to be per formed. - (a) Permissible practice. (1) in the control of , those occupational diseases caused by breathing-air. contaminated with harmful dusts, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, smokes, sprays, or vapors, the pri mary objective shall be to prevent at mospheric contamination. This shall be accomplished as far as feasible by ac cepted engineering control measures (for example, enclosure or confinement of the operation,, general and local ventilation, and substitution of less-toxic materials). When effective engineering controls are not feasible, or while they are being in 1910.104-________ _ 1910.105-------------------1910.107--------- -------1910.108 ----------------- NFPA No. 566-1965, Standard for the In stallation of Bulk Oxygen Systems at Consumer Sites. NFPA No. 30-1969, Flammable and Com bustible Liquids Code. NFPA No. 33-1969, . 'Standard for Spray Finishingusing Flam- mable and Combusti ble Materials. NFPA Ntx 34-1966, Standard for Dip 1? 10.133 Eye and face protection. (a) General, (l) Protective eye and face equipment shall be required where there is a reasonable probability of in jury that can be prevented by such equip ment. In such cases, employers shall make conveniently available a type of protector suitable for the work to be performed, and employees shall use such protectors. No unprotected person shall knowingly be subjected to a hazardous environmental condition. Suitable ~ eye protectors shall be provided where ma stituted, appropriate respirators shall be used pursuant to the following require ments. . . (2) Respirators shall be provided by the employer- when such equipment is necessary to protect the health of the employee. The employer shall provide the respirators which are applicable and suitable for the purpose intended. The employer shall be responsible for the establishment and maintenance of a res piratory protective: program Which shall include the requirements outlined in paragraph,(b) of this section. Tanks Containing Flammable- or Com chines or operations present the hazard of flying objects, glare, liquids, Injurious (3) The employee shall use the . pro vided respiratory protection in accord 1910.109 bustible Liquids. NFPA No. 402-1970, Code for Manufac ture, Transportation, Storage and Use of Explosives and Blast radiation, or a combination of these haz ards. (2) Protectors shall meet the follow ing minimum requirements: (i) They shall provide adequate pro ance with instructions and training received. (b) Requirements for a minimal ac ceptable program. (1) Written standard operating procedures governing the se ing Agents. tection against the particular hazards lection and use of respirators shall be 1910.110 ---------------- NFPA 58-69. Standard for which they are designed. - '. . established. 1910.111 ----------------- for the Handling of Liquified Petroleum Cases. ANSI K61.1-1966. stor age and Handling of Anhydrous Ammonia. .0 1910.116 Slanifai-il nrpnwalinwii. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 60 Batterymarch Street, Boston, MA 021 lo! National Plant Food Institute, 1700 K Street - NW.P- Washington, DC 20006. Cii) They shall be reasonably comfort able when worn under the designated conditions. (iii) They shall fit snugly andshallnot unduly interfere with the movements of the wearer. (Iv) They shall be durable. (v) They shall be capable of being disinfected. (vi) They shall be easily cleanable. (2) Respirators shall be selected on the basis of hazards to which the worker is exposed. x.a (3) The user shall be Instructed andVr trained in the proper use of respiratory* and their limitations. ; (4) Where practicable, the respirator^/f should be assigned to individual workers^ for their exclusive'use.--*- - Vv <5)- Respirators shall be ' regularity cleaned'and disinfected; Those issued fo) 05 FEDERAL REGISTER; VOL. 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCT03ER 18, 1972 BFG30454 22232 RULES AND REGULATIONS the exclusive use of one worker should be type compressor shall be used. Compres are used in atmospheres immediately cleaned after each day's use, or more sors shall be constructed and situated dangerous to life or health, standby men often if necessary. Those used by more so as to avoid entry of contaminated air must be present with suitable rescue than one worker shall be thoroughly into the system mid suitable in-line air equipment. cleaned and disinfected after each use. purifying sorbent beds and filters in-, (iii) Persons using air line respirators (6) Respirators shall be stored in a stalled to further assure breathing air in atmospheres immediately hazardous convenient, clean, and sanitary location. quality. A receiver of sufficient capacity to life or health shall be equipped with (7) Respirators used routinely shall to enable the respirator wearer to escape safety harnesses and safety lines for lift be inspected during cleaning. Worn or from a contaminated atmosphere in ing or removing persons from hazardous deteriorated parts shall be replaced. Res event of compressor failure, and alarms atmospheres or other and equivalent pirators for emergency use such as self- to indicate compressor failure and over provisions for the rescue of persons from contained devices shall be thoroughly heating shall be installed in the system. hazardous atmospheres shall be used. A inspected at least once a month and after If an oil-lubricated compressor is used, standby man or men with suitable self- each use. it shall have a high-temperature or car contained breathing apparatus shall be (8) Appropriate surveillance of work bon monoxide alarm, or both. If only a at the nearest fresh air base for emer area conditions and degree of employee high-temperature alarm is used, the air gency rescue. exposure or stress shall be maintained. from the compressor shall be frequently (4) Respiratory protection is no bet (9) There shall be regular inspection tested for carbon monoxide to insure ter than the respirator in use, even and evaluation to determine the con that it meets the specifications in sub- though it is worn conscientiously. Fre tinued effectiveness of the program. paragraph (1) of this paragraph. quent random inspections shall be con (10> Persons should not be assigned (3) Air line couplings shall be incom ducted by a qualified individual to as to tasks requiring use of respirators un patible with outlets for other gas sys sure that respirators are properly se less it has been determined that they are tems to prevent inadvertent servicing of lected, used, cleaned, and maintained. physically able to perform the work and air line respirators with nonrespirable (5) For safe use of any respirator, it use the equipment. The local physician gases or oxygen. is essential that the user be properly in shall determine what health and physical (4) Breathing gas containers shall be structed in its selection, use, and main conditions are pertinent. The respirator marked in accordance with American tenance. Both supervisors and workers user's medical status should be reviewed National Standard Method of Marking shall be so instructed by-competent per periodically (for instance, annually). Portable Compressed Gas Containers to sons. Training shall provide the men an (11) Approved or accepted respirators Identify the Material Contained, Z48.I- opportunity to handle the respirator, shall be used when they are available. 1954: Federal Specification BB-A-1034a, have it fitted properly, test its face-piece- The respirator furnished shall provide June 21, 1968, Air, Compressed for to-face seal, wear it in normal air for adequate respiratory protection against Breathing Purposes: or Interim Federal a long familiarity period, and, finally, the particular hazard for which it is Specification GG-B-00675b, April 27, to wear it in a test atmosphere. designed in accordance with standards 1965, Breathing Apparatus, Self-Con (i) Every respirator wearer shall re established by competent authorities. The tained. ceive fitting instructions including dem U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of (e) Use of respirators. (1) Standard onstrations and practice in how the res Mines, and the U.S. Department of Agri procedures shall be developed for respi pirator should be worn, how to adjust it, culture are recognized as such authori rator use. These should include all Infor and how to determine if it fits properly. ties. Although respirators listed by the mation and guidance necessary for their Respirators shall not be worn when con U.S. Department of Agriculture continue proper selection, use, and care. Possible ditions prevent a good face seal. Such to be acceptable for protection against emergency and routine uses of respira conditions may be a growth of beard, specified pesticides, the U.S. Department tors should be anticipated and planned sideburns, a skuil cap that projects under of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, is the for. the facepiece, or temple pieces on glasses. agency now responsible for testing and (2) The correct respirator shall be Also, the absence of one or both dentures approving pesticide respirators, specified for each job. The respirator can seriously affect the fit of a facepiece. (c) Selection of respirators. Proper type is usually specified in the work pro The worker's diligence in observing these selection of respirators shall be made ac cedures by a qualified individual super factors shall be evaluated by periodic cording to the guidance of American vising the respiratory protective program. check. To assure proper protection, the National Standard Practices for Respira The individual issuing them shall be facepiece fit shall be checked by the tory Protection Z88.2-1969. adequately instructed to insure that the wearer each time he puts on the respira (d) Air quality. (1) Compressed air, correct respirator is issued. Each respira tor. This may be done by following the compressed oxygen, liquid air, and liquid tor permanently assigned to an indi manufacturer's facepiece fitting instruc oxygen used for respiration shall be of vidual should be durably marked to in tions. high purity. Oxygen shall meet the re dicate to whom it was assigned. This (ii) Providing respiratory protection quirements of the United States Pharma mark shall not affect the respirator per for individuals wearing corrective glasses copoeia for medical or breathing oxygen. formance in any way. The date of issu is a serious problem. A proper seal cannot Breathing air shall meet at least the re ance should be recorded. be established if the temple bars of eye quirements of the specification for Grade (3) Written procedures shall be pre glasses extend through the sealing edge D breathing air as described in Com pared covering safe use of respirators in of the full facepiece. As a temporary pressed Gas Association Commodity dangerous atmospheres that might be measure, glasses with short temple bars Specification G-7.1-1966. Compressed encountered in normal operations or in or without temple bars may be taped to oxygen shall not be used in supplied-air emergencies. Personnel shall be familiar the wearer's head. Wearing of contact respirators or in open circuit self- with these procedures and the available lenses in contaminated atmospheres with contained breathing apparatus that have respirators. a respirator shall not be allowed. Sys previously used compressed air. Oxygen (i) In areas where the wearer, with tems have been developed for mounting must never be used with air line failure of the respirator, could be over corrective lenses inside full facepieces. respirators. come by a toxic or oxygen-deficient When a workman must wear corrective (2) Breathing air may be supplied to atmosphere, at least one additional man lenses as part of the facepiece, the face- respirators from cylinders or air shall be present. Communications (visual, piece and lenses shall be fitted by quali compressors. voice, or signal line) shall be maintained fied individuals to provide good vision, (i) Cylinders shall be tested and main between both or all individuals present. comfort, and a gas-tight seal. tained as prescribed in the Shipping Planning shall be such that one individ (iii) If corrective spectacles or goggles Container Specification Regulations of ual will be unaffected by any likely inci are required, they shall be worn so as the Department of Transportation (49 dent and have the proper rescue equip not to affect the fit of the facepiece. CFR Part 178). ment to be able to assist the other (s) in Proper selection of equipment will mini (ii) The compressor for supplying air case of emergency. mize or avoid this problem. shall be equipped with necessary safety (ii) When self-contained breathing (f) Maintenance and care of respira and standby devices. A breathing air- apparatus or hose masks with blowers tors. (1)A program for maintenance and BFG30455 FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1972 RULES AND.REGULATIONS 22257 fg) Changing and charging storage when the trailer is not coupled to a (ii) Means shall be provided whereby Series. (1) Battery charging installa- tractor. personnel on the platform c*TM shut off ,,.,,ns shall be located In areas designated (4) Positive protection shall be pro- power to the truck, for that purpose. vided to prevent railroad cars from being (iii) Such protection from falling ob- (2) Facilities shall be provided for moved while dockboards or bridge plates Jects as indicated necessary by the op flushing and neutralizing spilled electro- are in position. erating conditions shall be provided. lyte, for fire protection, for protecting (l) Operator training. Only trained (13) Spinner knobs must not be at- charging apparatus from damage by and authorized operators shall be per- tached to steering handwheels of trucks trucks, and for adequate ventilation mitted to operate a powered industrial not originally equipped with such, for dispersal of fumes from gassing truck. Methods shall be devised to train (14) Fire aisles, access to stairways, batteries. operators in the safe operation of pow- and fire equipment shall be kept clear, (3) When racks are used for support ered industrial trucks. '(n)' "Trave"ling, (..l.)....A...H....traf--fic regula of batteries, they should be made of ma (m) Truck operations. (1) Trucks tions- shall be observed, including au terials nonconductive to spark genera- shall not be driven up to anyone stand- thorized plant speed limits. A safe dis tion or be coated or covered to achieve mg in front of a bench or other fixed tance shall be maintained approximately this objective. object. three truck lengths from the truck (4) A conveyor, overhead hoist, or (2) No person shall be allowed to stand ahead, and the truck shall be kept under equivalent material handling equipment or pass under the elevated portion of control at all times. shall be provided for handling batteries. any truck, whether loaded or empty. (2) The right of way shall be yielded (5) Reinstalled batteries shall be (3) Unauthorized personnel shall not to ambulances, fire trucks, or other ve properly positioned and secured in the be permitted to ride on powered indus hicles in emergency situations. truck. trial trucks. A safe place to ride shall be (3) Other trucks traveling in the same (6) A carboy tilter or siphon shall be provided where riding of trucks is direction at intersections, blind spots, or provided for handling electrolyte. authorized. other dangerous locations shall not be (7) When charging batteries, acid (4) The employer shall prohibit arms passed. shall be poured into water; water shall or legs from being placed between the (4) The driver shall be required to not be poured into acid. uprights of the mast or outside the run slow down and sound the horn at cross (8) Trucks shall be property posi ning lines of the truck. aisles and other locations where vision tioned and brake applied before at (5) When leaving a powered indus is obstructed. If the load being carried tempting to change or charge batteries. trial truck unattended, load engaging obstructs forward view, the driver shall (9) When charging batteries, the vent means shall be fully lowered, controls be required to travel with the load caps should be kept in place to avoid shall be neutralized, power shut off, trailing. electrolyte spray. Care shall be taken brakes set, key or connector plug re (5) Railroad tracks shall be crossed to assure that vent caps are functioning. moved. Wheels shall be blocked if the diagonally wherever possible. Parking The battery (or compartment) cover(s) truck is parked on an incline. closer than 8 feet from the center of shall be open to dissipate heat. (6) A safe distance shall be main railroad tracks is prohibited. (10) Smoking shall be prohibited in tained from the edge of ramps or plat (6) The driver shall be required to charging area. forms while on any elevated dock, or look in the direction of, and keep a clear 11) Precautions shall be taken to pre platform or freight car. Trucks shall not view of the path of travel. vent open flames, sparks, or electric arcs be used for opening or closing freight (7) Grades shall be ascended or de in battery charging areas. doors. scended slowly. (12) Tools and other metallic objects (7) Brakes shall be set and wheel (i) When ascending or descending shall be kept away from the top of un blocks shall be in place to prevent move grades in excess of 10 percent, loaded covered batteries. ment of trucks, trailers, or railroad cars trucks shall be driven with the load up (h) Lighting for operating areas. (1) while loading or unloading. Fixed jacks grade. Controlled lighting of adequate intensity may be necessary to support a semitrailer (ii) Unloaded trucks should be op should be provided in operating- areas. during loading or unloading when the erated on all grades with the load en (See American National Standard Prac trailer is not coupled to a tractor. The gaging means downgrade. tice for Industrial Lighting, All.I-1965 flooring of trucks, trailers, and railroad (iii) On all grades the load and load (R1970)). cars shall be checked for breaks and engaging means shall be tilted back if (2) Where general lighting is less than weakness before they are driven onto. applicable, and raised only as far as 2 lumens per square foot, auxiliary di (8) There shall be sufficient headroom necessary to clear the road surface. rectional lighting shall be provided on under overhead installations, lights, (8) Under all travel conditions the the truck. pipes, sprinkler system, etc. truck shall be operated at a speed that (i) Control of noxious gases and (9) An overhead guard shall be used will permit it to be brought to a stop in fames. (1) Concentration levels of car as protection against falling objects. It a safe manner. bon monoxide gas created by powered should be noted that an. overhead guard (9) Stunt driving and horseplay shall industrial truck operations shall not ex is intended to offer protection from the not be permitted. ceed the levels specified in 1910.93. (2) Questions concerning degree of impact of small packages, boxes, bagged GO) The driver shall be required to material, etc., representative of the Job slow down for wet and slippery floors, concentration and methods of sampling application, but not to withstand the (11) Dockboard or bridgepJates, chan to ascertain the conditions should be re impact of a falling capacity load. be properly secured before they are ferred to a qualified industrial hygienist. (10) A load backrest extension shall driven over. Dockboard or bridgeplates (j) Dockboards (.bridge plates>. See be used whenever necessary to minimize shall be driven over carefully and slowly 51910.30(a). the possibility of the load or part of it and their rated capacity never exceeded. (k) Trucks and railroad cars. (1) The brakes of highway trucks shall be set from falling rearward. (11) Only approved industrial trucks (12) Elevators shall be approached slowly, and then entered squarely after and wheel chocks placed under the rear shall be used in hazardous locations. the elevator car is properly leveled. Once wheels to prevent the trucks from rolling (12) Whenever a truck is equipped on the elevator, the controls shall be while they are boarded with powered industrial trucks. with vertical only, or vertical and hori zontal controls elevatable with the lift neutralized, power shut off, and the brakes set. (2) Wheel stops or other recognized positive protection shall be provided to ing carriage or forks for lifting person nel, the following additional precautions (13) Motorized hand trucks must en ter elevator or other confined areas-with -'ent railroad cars from moving dur- shall be taken for the protection of per- load end forward. loading or unloading operations. sonnel heir* ------- (14) Running over loose objects on >.3) Fixed jacks may be necessary to Ii) Use of a safety platform firmly the roadway surface shall be avoided. support a semitrailer and prevent up ending during the loading or unloading secured forks. to the lifting carriage and/or __________________ , (15) While negotiating turns, speed shall be reduced to a safe level by means FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1972 G .id 8 S frZ 22256 RULES' AND. REGULATIONS References In parentheses are to the cor or liquified or compressed gases in con responding classification as used in the tainers, approved power-operated in National Electrical Code (NFPA No. 70, dustrial trucks designated as DS, ES, ANSI Standard CI-1968) for the con GS, or LPS may be used. This classifica venience of persons familiar with those tion includes locations where volatile classifications. : , flammable liquids or flammable gases (i> Power-operated industrial trucks or vapors are used, but which, would shall not be used in atmospheres contain become hazardous only in case of an ing hazardous concentration of acety accident or of some unusual operating lene, butadiene, ethylene oxide, hydro condition. The quantity of hazardous gen (or gases or vapors equivalent in hazard to hydrogen, such as manufac tured gas), propylene oxide, acetalde hyde, cyclopropane, diethyl ether, ethyl material that might escape in case of accident, the adequacy of ventilating equipment, the total area involved, and the record of the industry or business ene, isoprene, or unsymmetrical dimethyl with respect to explosions or fires are hydrazine (UDMH). (ii) (a) Power-operated industrial trucks shall not be used in atmospheres containing hazardous concentrations of metal dust, including aluminum, mag nesium, and their commercial alloys, other metals of similarly hazardous char acteristics, or in atmospheres containing carbon black, coal or coke dust except approved power-operated industrial trucks designated as EX may be used in such atmospheres. (b) In atmospheres where dust of mag all factors that should receive considera tion in determining whether or not the DS or DY, ES, EE, GS, LPS designated truck possesses sufficient safeguards for the location. Piping without valves, checks, meters and similar devices would not ordinarily be deemed to introduce a hazardous condition even though used for hazardous liquids or gases. Loca tions used for the storage of hazardous liquids or of liquified or compressed gases in sealed containers would not normally be considered hazardous unless nesium, aluminum or aluminum bronze subject to other hazardous conditions may be present, fuses, switches, motor also. controllers, and circuit breakers of trucks (vi) (a) Only approved power- shall have enclosures specifically ap operated industrial trucks designated as proved for such locations. EX shall be used in atmospheres in which (iii) Only approved power-operated industrial trucks designated as EX may be used in atmospheres containing ace tone, acrylonitrile, alcohol, ammonia, benzine, benzol, butane, ethylene dichlorlde, gasoline, hexane, lacquer sol vent vapors, naphtha, natural gas, pro pane, propylene, styrene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, or xylenes in quantities combustible dust is or may be in suspen sion continuously, intermittently, or periodically under normal operating con ditions, in quantities sufficient to pro duce explosive or ignitable mixtures, or where mechanical failure or abnormal operation of machinery or equipment might cause such mixtures to be produced. sufficient to produce explosive or ignit- (b) The EX classification usually in able mixtures and where such concen cludes the working areas of grain hand trations of these gases or vapors exist ling and storage plants, room contain continuously, intermittently or periodi ing grinders or pulverizers, cleaners, cally under normal operating conditions graders, scalpers, open conveyors or or may exist frequently because of repair, spouts, open bins or hoppers, mixers, or maintenance operations, leakage, break blenders, automatic or hopper scales, down or faulty operation of equipment. packing machinery, elevator heads and (iv> Power-operated industrial trucks boots, stock distributors, dust and stock designated as DY, EE, or EX may be collectors (except all-metal collectors used in locations where volatile flam vented to the outside), and all similar mable liquids or flammable gases are dust producing machinery and equip handled, processed or used, but in which ment in grain processing plants, starch the hazardous liquids, vapors or gases plants, sugar pulverizing plants, malting will normally be confined within closed containers or closed systems from which they M.n escape only in case of accidental rupture or breakdown of such containers or systems, or in the case of abnormal plants, hay grinding plants, and other occupancies of similar nature; coal pul verizing plants (except where the pulver izing equipment is essentially dust tight); all working areas where metal operation of equipment; also in loca dusts and powders are produced, proc tions in which hazardous concentrations essed, handled, packed, or stored (ex of gases or vapors are normally prevented cept in tight containers); and other by positive mechanical ventilation but similar locations where combustible dust which might become hazardous through may, under normal operating conditions, failure or abnormal operation of the ven be present in the air in quantities suffi tilating equipment; or in locations which cient to-produce explosive or ignitable are adjacent to Class I, Division 1 loca mixtures. tions, and to which hazardous concentra (vii) Only approved power-operated tions of gases or vapors might occasion- industrial;trucks designated as DY, EE, ally be communicated unless such com or -EX shall- be used in atmospheres in munication is prevented by adequate which combustible dust will not normally positive-pressure ventilation.. from, a -be in suspension-in the-air of will not be source of clear-air, and effective safe-- likely to be thrown into suspension by guards against ventilation, failure are. the normal operation of equipment or provided. ... .......... apparatus-in quantities sufficient to pro (v) In locations used for the storage duce explosive or ignitable mixtures but of hazardous liquids in sealed containers where deposits or accumulations of such dust may be ignited by arcs or sparks originating in the truck. iviii) Only approved power-operated industrial trucks designated as DY, EE, or EX shall be used in locations which are hazardous because of the presence of easily ignitible fibers or flyings but in winch such fibers or flyings are not likely to be in suspension in the air in quanti ties sufficient to produce ignitable mixtures. (ix) Only approved power-operated in dustrial trucks designated as DS, DY, ES, EE. EX, GS, or LPS shall be used in locations where easily ignitable fibers are stored or handled, including outside storage, but are not being processed or manufactured. Industrial trucks desig nated as E, which have been previously used in these locations may be continued in use. (x) On piers and wharves handling general cargo, any approved power- operated industrial truck designated as Type D, E, G, or LP may be used, or trucks which conform to the require ments for these types may be used. (xi) If storage warehouses and out side storage locations are hazardous only the approved power-operated industrial truck specified for such locations In this paragraph (c)(2) shall be used. If not classified as hazardous, any approved power-operated industrial truck desig nated as Type D, E, G, or LP may be used, or trucks which conform to the re quirements for these types may be used. (xii) If general industrial or commer cial properties are hazardous, only ap proved power-operated industrial trucks specified for such locations in this para graph (c) (2) shall be used. If not classi fied as hazardous, any approved poweroperated industrial truck designated as Type D, E, G, or LP may be used, or trucks which conform to the require ments of these types may be used. (d) Converted industrial trucks. Power-operated industrial trucks that have been originally approved for the use of gasoline for fuel, when converted to the use of liquefied petroleum gas fuel in accordance with paragraph (q) of this section, may be used in those locations where G, GS or LP, and LPS designated trucks have been specified in the preceding paragraphs. (e) Safety guards. (1) High Lift Rider trucks shall be fitted with an over head guard manufactured in accordance with paragraph (a) (2) of this sec tion, unless operating conditions do not permit. (2) If the type of load presents a haz ard, the user shall equip fork trucks with a vertical load backrest extension manu factured in accordance with paragraph (a) (2) of this section. (f) Fuel handling and storage. (1) The storage and handling of liquid fuels such as gasoline and diesel fuel shall be in ac cordance with NFPA Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code (NFPA No. 30- 1969). (2) The storage and handling of lique fied petroleum gas fuel shall be in ac cordance with NFPA Storage and Han dling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (NFPA No. 58-1969). FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY*, OCTOBER ?, 1972 RULES; ANG REGULATIONS, 22233 i,re of respirators shall be adjusted to used respirators, such as dust respira label;,``Forrespiratory protection In at-, xe type of plant, working conditions, tors, may be.placed in plastic bags. Res biospheres containing not more -.than and hazards involved, and shall include pirators should-not be stored in such --...percent by volume of_. the following basic services: places as lockers or tool-boxes unless (1) Inspection for defects (including they are in carrying cases or cartons. - (Name of atmospheric contaminant) : a leak check), (ii) Cleaning and disinfecting, (ii) Respirators should be packed or (iii) All of the markings specified above stored so that the facepiece and exhala should be placed orithe most conspicuous (iii) Repair, tion valve will rest in a normal position surface or surfaces of the canister. (iv) Storage and function will not be impaired by (4) Canisters having a special high- Equipment shall be properly maintained to retain its original effectiveness. (2) (i) All respirators shall be in spected routinely before and after each use. A respirator that is not routinely used but is kept ready for emergency use shall be inspected after each use and at least monthly to assure that it is in satisfactory working condition. (ii) Self-contained breathing appara tus shall be inspected monthly. Air and oxygen cylinders shall be fully charged according to the manufacturer's instruc tions. It shall be determined that the the elastomer setting in an abnormal position. (iii) Instructions for proper storage of emergency respirators, such as gas masks and self-contained breathing apparatus, are found in "use and care'* instructions usually mounted inside the carrying case lid. (g) Identification of gas mask canis ters. (1) The primary means of identify ing a gas mask canister shall be by means of properly worded labels. The secondary means of identifying a gas mask canister shall be by a color code. efficiency filter for protection against radionuclides and other highly toxic par ticulates shall be labeled with a state ment of the type and degree of protec tion afforded by the filter. The label shall be affixed to the neck end of, or to the gray stripe which is around and near the top of, the canister. The degree of protection shall be marked as the per cent of penetration of the canister by a 0.3-micron-diameter dioctyl phthalate (DOP) smoke at a flow rate of 85 liters per minute. (5) Each canister shall have a label regulator and warning devices function (2) All who issue or use gas masks fall warning that gas masks should be used properly. ing within the scope of this section shall only in atmospheres containing suffi (iii) Respirator inspection shall in see that all gas mask canisters purchased cient oxygen to support life (at least 16 clude a check of the tightness of con or used by them are properly labeled and percent by volume), since gas mask nections and the condition of the face- colored in accordance with these require canisters are only designed to neutralize piece, headbands, valves, connecting ments before they are placed in service or remove contaminants from the air. tube, and canisters. Rubber or elastomer and that the labels and colors are prop (6) Each gas mask canister shall be parts shall be inspected for pliability erly maintained at all times thereafter painted a distinctive color or combina and signs of deterioration. Stretching and manipulating rubber or elastomer until the canisters served their purpose. have completely tion of colors indicated in Table 1-1. All colors used shall be such that they are parts with a massaging action will keep them pliable and flexible and prevent (3) On each canister shall appear in bold letters the following: clearly identifiable by the user and clearly distinguishable from one another. fhem from taking a set during storage. (iv) A record shall be kept of inspecjn dates and findings for respirators maintained for emergency use. (i)-- Canister for______________________ ____________ __ (Name tor atmospheric contaminant) or The color coating used shall offer a high degree of resistance to chipping, scaling, peeling, blistering, fading, and the effects of the ordinary atmospheres to which (3) Routinely used respirators shall Type N Gas Mask Canister they may be exposed under normal con be collected, cleaned, and disinfected as frequently as necessary to Insure that proper protection is provided for the wearer. Each worker should be briefed on the cleaning procedure and be assured (ii) In addition, essentially the fol ditions of storage and use. Appropri lowing wording shall appear beneath the ately colored pressure sensitive tape appropriate phrase on the canister may be used for the stripes. Table I-i tbat he will always receive a clean and disinfected respirator. Such assurances are of greatest significance when respira tors are not Individually assigned to workers. Respirators maintained for emergency use shall be cleaned and dis infected after each use. (4) Replacement or repairs shall he done only by experienced persons with parts designed for the respirator. No attempt shall be made to replace com ponents or to make adjustment or re pairs beyond the manufacturer's recom mendations. Reducing or admission valves or regulators shall be returned to the manufacturer or to a trained technician for adjustment or repair. Atmospheric contaminants to be protected against Add gases________ _______________________ ______ Hydrocyanic acid gas_____ _____ _ Chlorine gas________ __ ______________________ ___ Organic vapors____________________ _____________ Ammonia gas------------__ Add gases and ammonia gas Carbon monoxide._________________________ ___ Acid gases and organic vapors Hydrocyanic add gas and chloroplcrin sapor. Add gases, organic vapors, and ammonia gases. White. Colors assigned* White with %-inch green stripe completely around the canister near the bottom. White with %-lnch yeUow stripe completely around the canister near the bottom. Black. Green. Green with ft-lnch white stripe completely around the canister near the bottom. Blue. Yellow. Yellow with *4-Inch blue stripe completely around the canister near the bottom. Brown. (5) (i) After inspection, cleaning, and necessary repair, respirators shall be stored to protect against dust, sun light, heat, extreme cold, excessive moisture, or damaging chemicals. Res Badloactive materials, excepting tritium and noble gases. Particulates (dusts, fumes, mists, fogs, or smokes) in combination with any of the above gases or vapors. All of the above atmospheric contaminants__ Purple (Magenta). Canister color for contaminant, as designated above, with %-inch gray stripe completely around the canister near the top. Bed with ft -inch gray stripe completely pirators placed at stations and work around the canister near the top. areas for emergency use should be quickly accessible at all times and Gray shall not be assigned as the main color for a canister designed to remove acids or vapors. sould be stored in compartments built * the purpose. The compartments should be clearly marked. Routinely Hots: Orange shall be used as a complete body,, or stripe color to represent gases included in this table. The user will need to refer to the canister label to determine degree of protection the canister will afford. OT BFG30456 o FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 37, NO.-202--WEDNESDAY. OCTOBER 13, 1972 vi MCE? AND' REGULATION* ,1910.1$?' OcciipalTona! head , protec- Sec-. - - - -- Source ' location at which employees are- - tioin' Helmets for the protection of heads of occupational), workers from. Impact and penetration, from falling and. flying ob jects- from, limited electric- shock and bum shall meet; the requirements and specifications established in American National Standard Safety Requirements, for Industrial Head Protection, Z89.1- 1910.138 -- mio.m ANSI Z4T.E--1967; Men's Safety-Tow Footwear; ANSE Zfr-4-1968,. Ventila tion and Sate Practices ot Abrasive Blasting:Op erations. 1910.140- Standards organizations. Specific standards of tile, following or ganization have been referenced in this, part.. Copies of the-referenced materials regularly- engaged- to work. (ii> Sanitary' drinking fountains shall be of a type and construction in accord ance with fee- Standard Specification for Drinking Fountains, ANSI Z4;2-1945f. (iii) In- aQ instances where water is cooled by ice, the construction of the container shall be such that the ice does not, come- in direct contact with the water. may be obtained from, the Issuing or (iv) Open, containers such as barrels, 19KK136 Occupational foot protec ganization. pails* or- tanks- for drinking water from tion. Safety-toe footwear for employees shall meet the requirements and speci fications in American National Stand ard for Men's Safety-Toe Footwear, Z41.1-1967. American National-Standards: Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY. 10018. Subpart J--General Environmental Controls 1910.141 Sanitation. Which the water must be dipped or poured,, whether or not they are fitted with a cover, are prohibited. (v) The common drinking cup is prohibited. Cvi) Where single service cups- (to be used but once) are supplied, both a san 19Hhl'3-7: Electrical protective devices. (a) General requirements--(I) House itary container for the unused cups and Rubber, protective equipment for elec trical workers shall conform, to the re quirements established in the American. National Standards. Institute Standards as specified in the following list: Item Rubber insulating gloves. Rubber matting for use around electric apparatus. Rubber Insulating blantets. standard Jd.6-1967. J8.7-1935 (R1962). J6.4-1970. keeping-. (i> All places of employment, passageways, storerooms, and servicerooms shall be kept clean and orderly and in a sanitary condition. (ii) The floor of every workroom shall be maintained in a clean and, so far as possible, a dry condition. Whera wet processes are used, drainage shall be maintained and false floors, platforms, mats, or other dry standing places should he provideo where practicable. (iii) Cleaning and sweeping shall be. a receptaele- for disposing of the used cups shall be provided. (2) Nonpotable water, (i) `Outlets for nonpotable water, such as water for in dustrial or firefighting purposes only, shall be posted to indicate clearly that the water is unsafe and is not to be used for drinking, washing, or cooking purposes. (ii) There shall be no cross-connec tion,, open or potential, between a system furnishing potable water and system Rubber insulating hoods. J0.2-1950 done in such a manner as to minimize furnishing,nonpotable water. (R1962). the contamination, of the air with, dust (iii) Construction shall be such as to Rubber Insulating hose. Rubber insulating- sleeves. line J8.1-1950 <R1962). J6-5-1962. - and, so far as is practicable, shall- be done outside of working hours. (iv) To facilitate cleaning, every floor, working place, and passageway shah be prevent backflow of contaminated water into a potable water system. (iv) Nonpotable water shall not be used for bathing or for washing any 1910.138 Effective dates. kept free from protruding nails, splinters, portion of the person, clothing, dishes, (a) The provisions of this Subpart I shall become effective on August 27,1971, except that: holes, or loose boards. (2) Expectorating. (i) Expectorating- upon the walls, floors, work places, or stairs of any establishment shall not be or premises. (c) Toilet facilities--(1) General, (i) Every place of employment shall'be pro vided with adequate toilet facilities, Cl) Any provision in any other section of this subpart which contains in itself a specific effective date or time limitation shall become effective on such date or shall apply in accordance with such permitted. (ii) Cuspidors are consideredundesir able, but, if used, they shall be of such construction that they are cleanable. They shall be cleaned at least, daily when which are separate for each sex. The sewage disposal method shall comply with requirements of the health or other authorities having jurisdiction. (ii) Toilet facilities shall be provided limitation: and in use. so as to- be readily accessible to all em <2) If any standard in 41 CFR Part (3) Waste disposal (i) Any receptacle ployees. Toilet facilities so located that 50-204, other than a national consensus used for putrescible solid- or liquid waste employees must use-more than one floor- standard incorporated by reference in or refuse shall be so constructed that it to-floor flight of- stairs to or from them 5O-204.2(a)(l), is or becomes ap does not leak and may- be conveniently are not considered as readily accessible. plicable at any time to any employment and thoroughly cleaned, and it shall be As- far as- is practicable, toilet facilities, and place of employment, by virtue of maintainedin a sanitary condition. Such should be located within 200 feet of alt the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act, a receptacle shall be equipped with, a locations at which workers are regularly or the Service Contract Act of 1965, or the- tight-fitting cover. employed. National Foundation on Arts and Hu manities Act of 1965, any correspondingestablished Federal standard in this Sub part I which is derived from 41 CFR Part 50-204 shall also become effective,, and shall be applicable to such employment and place of employment, on the same date. 1910.139 Sourceaof standards. Sec. 1910.132'________ 1910.133(a)______ 1910.134 _____ 1910.134 Table I-I. 1910.135 ...____ Source 4t CFR 50-204.7. ANSI Z8.7H-1968;. Eye and Face Protection. ANSI Z8H2-1969, Standard Practice for Respiratory Protection. ANSI K13.1-1967. Indentiftcatlon of Gas Mast Canister. ASNI Z89.1-1969. Safety Requirements for Indus- (ii) AIL sweepings, solid or. liquid wastes, refuse, and garbage shall be re moved in such a manner as. to* avoid creating a nuisance or menace to health and as often as necessary to maintainthe place of employment in- a sanitary condition. (4) Rodent, insect^ani vermin control. Every enclosed work place and personal service room shall be constructed, equipped,, and maintained, so far as .reasonably practicable,,in such, amanner as to prevent the entrance or harborage, of rodents, insects, and -vermin of any kind. (h) Water supply--Potable'water. (i)` An adequate supply of potable water shall be provided for drinking, ablution ary, and culinary purposes in all places of employment. Drinking water should (iii) Water closets shall be provided for each, sex according to the following table. The number to- be provided for each sex sho.il- in every case be based on. the maximum number of persons- of that sex employed at any one time at work on the premises for which the facilities are furnished. When- persons- other than employees are. permitted the use of toilet facilities on the premises, a reasonable allowance shall be made-for such, other persans.inEstimating minimum num ber of toilet facilities required. Minimum number of Numberof persons facilities E to-9--_______ ____ - l 10- to 24=__________ 2: 25 to 49 3 50 to 744 75 to 100 5 over 100 l for each additional Head Protection. be made available within 200 feet of any 30 persons. BFG30457 FEDERAL REGISTER-, VOL. 37, NO. 202---WEDNESDAY; OCTOBER- I S', 1972 RULES AND ^REGULATIONS 22255 diti^nal safeguards to the exhaust, fuel ar -ctrtcal systems. They may be used to .is locations where a D unit may not be consideredsuitable. (3) The DY designated units are diesel powered units, that have all the safe guards of the DS units and in addition do not have any electrical equipment including the ignition and are equipped with temperature limitation features. (4) The E designated units are elec trically powered units that have mini mum acceptable safeguards against in herent fire hazards. (5) The ES designated units are elec trically powered units that, in addition to ail of the requirements for the E units, are provided with additional safeguards to the electrical system to prevent emis sion of hazardous sparks and to limit surface temperatures. They may be used in some locations where the use of an E unit may not be considered suitable. (6) The EE designated units are elec trically powered units that have, to addi tion to all of the requirements for the E and ES unite, the electric motors and all other electrical equipment completely enclosed. In certain*Iocatiohs the^-ES are;provided with; additional safeguards unit may be used' where the use of anE to "the exhaust,: fuel, and electrical sys- and ES unit may- not be considered tems^They may be used in some locations suitable. e-tiT-s-l-l - .'..'5 where the use of afrLP unit map not be (7> The ES designated unite are elec considered suitable. i> - trically powered unite that dUTes from (12) The atmosphere or location;shall the E. ES, or EE unite in that the elec have been classified as to-, whether it is trical fittings and equipment are so de hazardous or nonhazardous prior to the signed, constructed and assembled that consideration, of industrial trucks being the units may be used in certain atmos used therein and the type of industrial pheres containing flammable vapors or truck required shall be as provided in dusts. paragraph (d) of this section for such (8) The G designated units are gaso location. .- line powered unite having minimum ac ceptable safeguards against inherent fire hazards. .. (9) The GS designated units are gaso line powered unite that are provided with additional safeguards to the exhaust, fuel, and electrical systems. They may be used in some locations where the use of a G unit may not be considered suitable. (10) The LP designated unit is sim ilar to the G unit except that liquefied petroleum gas is used for fuel instead of gasoline. Cc> Designated locations. (1) The in dustrial trucks specified under subpara graph (2) of this paragraph are the minimum types required but industrial trucks having greater safeguards may be used if desired. . (2> For specific areas of use see Table N--1 which tabulates the information contained in this section. References in parentheses are to the corresponding classification as used in the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70-1971; ANSI Cl--1971 (Rev. of 1968) for the conven (11) The LPS designated units are liq ience of persons familiar with those uefied petroleum gas powered units that classifications. Classes Description of classes atJMMAEt n^r.K os Bse or ejdusiriai. trucks dc various locations Unclassified Class I locations Class ZI locations Class m locations Locations not possess ing atmospheres as described in other columns. Locations in which flammable gases or vapors are. or maybe, presentla locations which are hazardous because of the the air in quantities sufficient to presence of combustible dust. produce explosive or ignitible mix- Locations where easily ignitible fibers or flyings are present but not likely to be la suspension in quantities suf ficient to produce ignitible mixtures. Groups in classes None A. B C Examples ol locations or atmospheres in classes and groups piers and Wharves In side and outside general storage General industrial or commercial properties Acetylene Hydro- Ethyl gen DE E O Gasoline Naphtha Alcohols Acetone Lacquer solvent Benzene Metal dust Carbon black Grain dust Coal dust Floor dust Coke dust Starch dust Organic dust None Baled waste, cocoa fiber, cotton, ex celsior, hemp, istle, jute, kapok, oakum, sisal, Spanish moss, synthetic fibers, low: Divisions (Nature of Hazardous Conditions) None 12 I 2 Above condi tion exists continuously, intermit tently, or periodically under normal operating conditions. Above condition may occur acci dentally as due to a puncture ofa storage drum. Explosive mixture maybe present under normal oper ating conditions, or where failure of equipment stay cause the condition to exist simul taneously with arcing or sparking of electrical equip ment, or where dusts of an elec trically conducting nature may be present. Explosive mixture not normally pres ent, but where de posits of dust may cause beat rise in electrical equip ment, or where such deposits may be ignited by arcs or sparks bom electrical equip ment. 12 Locations in which easily Ignitible fibers or materials producing com bustible flyings ere handled, manufactured, or used. Locations la which easily Ignitible fibers are stored or handled (ex cept in the process of manufacture)) Authorised asas of tracks by types ia groups of classes and divisions Groups in classes None- A B C D ABC! D S F G EF Q Types of trucks, authorised: Diesel: Type D.................. D**................................ TypeDY............... Electric: Type E..............._ R." Type EE.. ................................ Gasoline: to G.................. G"................................ e 03. ... , EE-- .. . ype LP.------------ LP" ......................... ....................... ..... ................ Paragraph Bet. In No. 505 2101211 201 (a) 203 200(a) 204 (a) (>, (b) 202 (a) -- 205 (a) 209(a) 206 (a), (b) "Trucks conforming to these Types may also be used--see subdivision (c)(2) (x) and (c>(2)(xil) of this sections FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1972 Noae Nona DY......................... DY ES EE........................ .. EX____ _________ EX .. GS 207(a) LPS 2(a>' 22254 RULES ANDj-.REGULATIONS; or contain only a small concentration of stallation of Sprinkler Systems, NFPA : (g) Smoking. Smoking shall be strictly combustibles which are incapable of pro No. 13-1969. prohibited, except in locations promi-i ducing a Are that would cause, appre (2) Hose system water supply. - (i>. neatly designated as smoking areas, and; ciable damage to the commodities stored Water supplies for hose streams shall be "No Smoking" signs shall be posted in or to noncombustible wall, floor or roof provided to supplement that required for prohibited.areas. construction. Ordinary combustible com modities in completely sealed noncom bustible containers may qualify in this classification. General commodity stor age that is subject to frequent changing and storage of combustible packaging and storage aids is excluded from this category. (13) "Approved" means listed or ap proved by at least one of the following nationally recognized testing labora tories: Underwriters Laboratories, Lie.; Factory Mutual Engineering Corp. <b> General requirements--(1) Appli cation. This standard applies to storage. 21 feet or less in height, of commodities which with their packaging and storage aids would classify as ordinary combus tibles. This standard also applies to stor age of commodities which with their packaging and storage aids would clas sify as noncombustibles regardless of storage height this standard does not cover unpackaged bulk storage such as grain, coal, or similar commodities. The provisions contained in this standard ap ply to new buildings. Certain specific commodities introduce hazards different from those contemplated by this stand ard. Examples are rubber tires, roll paper, and wax-coated cartons. (2) Exemptions, (i) Ordinary combus tibles piled higher than 21 feet intro duce serious fire protection problems which are not within the scope of this standard. (ii) The provisions of this standard automatic sprinklers. .; Cii) Where private underground sup ply mains are necessary, they shall be installed in accordance with Standard for Outside Protection, NFPA No. 24-1970. (3) Hose systems, (i) Small hose (IV2 inch) - where required by this standard shall be installed in accordance with Standard for the Installation of Sprin kler Systems, NFPA No. 13-1969 and Standard for the Installation of Stand pipe and Hose Systems, NFPA No. 14-1970. (ii) In Type I and Type H storage, suf ficient small hose (l1/^ Inch) shall be pro vided so that one hose stream can reach any portion of the storage area. In build ings three stories or less high, small hose (1& inch) may be supplied from the sprinkler system in accordance with lim itations outlined in Standard for the In stallation of Sprinkler Systems, NFPA No. 13-1969. (iii) Standpipe and hose systems con forming to the requirements of Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems, NFPA No. 14-1970, shall be provided for. buildings over three stories in height or having a floor level 75 feet or more above grade. Standpipes shall be fully equipped for fire depart ment operations including fire depart ment connections. . (iv) Large hose (2 y2 inch) and re lated equipment shall be provided unless the public fire department will provide 1910.178 Powered industrial trucks. (a) General requirements. (1) The re quirements of this section apply to fire protection for fork trucks, tractors, plat form lift trucks, motorized hand trucks and other specialized industrial trucks powered by electric motors or internal combustion engines. These fire protec tion requirements do not apply to com pressed air or nonflammable compressed gas-operated industrial trucks, nor to farm vehicles, nor automotive vehicles for highway use. (2) All new powered industrial trucks acquired and used by an employer after the effective date specified in paragraph (b) of 1910.182 shall meet the design and construction requirements for pow ered industrial trucks established in the "American National Standard for Pow ered Industrial Trucks, Part II, ANSI B56.1-L969", except for vehicles intended primarily for earth moving or over-theroad hauling. . (3) Approved trucks shall bear a label or some other identifying mark indi cating approval by the testing laboratory. See subparagraph (7) of this paragraph anH paragraph 405 of "American Na tional Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks, Part H, ANSI B56.1-1969", which is incorporated by reference in subpara graph <2) of this paragraph and which provides that if the powered industrial truck is accepted by a nationally recog nized testing laboratory it should be so do not apply to Refrigerated Warehouses. (3) Portable fire extinguishers. Port able fire extinguishers shall be provided at convenient conspicuously accessible locations. In locations where small hose is provided, -portable fire extinguishers for Class A fires may be omitted. (4) Alarm service. Storage facilities shall be provided with alarm service. (It may be in the form of central station supervision of automatic fire detection or sprinkler waterflow alarms or watch man making recorded rounds during un attended periods.) (c) Piling procedures and precautions. (1) All commodities shall be stored, han dled and piled with due regard to their fire characteristics. (2) Significant quantities of commod ities with fire hazards greater than or dinary combustible commodities as contemplated by this standard, shall be separated from the main bulk of storage by firewalls. (3) Any. commodities which may be hazardous in combination with each other shall be stored so that they cannot come in contact with each other. (4) Safe floor loads shall not be exceeded, (d) Fire protection requirements-- (1) Sprinkler: systems. All warehouses such equipment promptly. (e) Mechanical handling equipment. (1) Power-operated industrial trucks Rhftii be of type designated in Standard for the Use, Maintenance and Operation of Powered Industrial Trucks, NFPA No. 505-1969, Part A, in accordance with the hazards of the location, in which they are used. (2) Maintenance and operation of electric, liquid, and gaseous fueled indus trial trucks shall be in accordance with Standard for the Use, Maintenance and Operation of Powered Industrial Trucks, NFPA (f) No. 505-1969, Parts B and C. Building service equipment. (1) ,j1 -'^s.mHheaaailntlitnabgien, leiogdfhatnainpdgp.,oroapvenerdadsteetdryvpiineces,aecqicnuosriptdamalnleecdne,t.;!;1; ^with good practice. (2) Steam lines and other heating ; equipment and machinery shall be in stalled or protected so that the stored commodities cannot come in contact with the heating dements. (3) Electrical equipment shall be in stalled in accordance with the provisions of the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70-1971; ANSI Cl-1971 (Rev. of 1968). (4) Refrigeration systems, if used, shall conform to the recommendations of Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigera tion, American Society of Heating, Re (4) Modifications and additions which affect capacity and safe operation shall not be performed by the customer or user without manufacturers prior written ap proval. Capacity, operation, and main tenance instruction plates, tags, or decals shall be changed accordingly. (5) If the truck Is equipped with frontend attachments other than factory in stalled attachments, the user shall request that the truck be marked to Identify the attachments and show the approximate weight of the truck and attachment combination at maximum elevation with load laterally centered. (6) The user shall see that all name- plates and markings are in place and are maintained in a legible condition. (7) Definition: As used in this section, "approved" means labeled by a nationally recognized testing laboratory; i.e., a lab oratory qualified and equipped to con duct the necessary tests required under "American National Standard for Pow ered Industrial Trucks, Part H, ANSI B56.1-1969", in accordance with the re quirements of section 405 thereof. (b) Designations. For the purpose of this standard there are eleven different designations of industrial trucks or trac tors as follows: D, DS, DY, E, ES, EE, EX, G. GS. LP. and LPS. having combustible: roof or floor con frigeration and Air Conditioning Engi (1) The D designated units are units struction and all warehouses contain neers, Inc. (ASHRE) 15-63, ANSI B9.1- similar to the G units except that they ing Type I_or Type H storage shall be 1964. are diesel engine powered instead of gas protected- with- a system of automatic (5) Stored commodities shall not be oline engine powered. sprinklers designed and installed in ac located under liquid fuel heating equip (2) The DS designated units are diesel cordance with the Standard for the In ment. powered units that are provided with ad FEDERAL RE G1STER, VOL. 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOE it 18, 1972 RULES AND REGULATIONS 22235 iere 10 or more are employed, urinals may be provided. One water closet less than the number specified in the fore going may be provided for eaph urinal, except that the number of water closets in such cases may not be reduced to less than two-thirds of the number specified In the foregoing. Two feet of trough uri nal shall be considered as equivalent to one individual urinal. (iv) An adequate supply of toilet paper with holder shall be provided for every water closet. (v) Covered receptacles shall be kept in all toilet rooms used by women. (vi) Adequate washing facilities shall be provided in every toilet room or be adjacent thereto. (2) Construction of toilet rooms, (i) Each toilet facility (closet) shall occupy a separate compartment, which should be equipped with a door, latch, and clothes hanger. (ii) The walls of compartments or par titions between fixtures may be less than the height of room walls, but the top shall be sufficiently high to assure privacy. (iii) The door to every toilet room shall be fitted with an effective self-clos ing device, and the entrance to the toilet room shall be so screened that the Inter ior of the toilet room is not visible from the workroom. (iv) In all toilet rooms installed on or after August 31,1971, the floors and side lavatory for each additional 15 persons other toxic materials, a separate lunch or portion thereof. Twenty-four inches room shall be maintained unless it is con of sink with individual faucet shall be venient for the employees to lunch away considered as equal to one lavatory. In from the premises. The following number all instances, a suitable cleansing agent of square-feet per person, based on the shall be provided at each wash place. maxfmnm number of persons using the (3) Towels. Individual hand towels, cr room at one time, shall be required: sections thereof, of cloth or paper, shall be provided and proper receptacles or Number of persons Square feet per person other sanitary means maintained for the 25 and less___ _____ ________ _ 13 disposal of used towels. The provision of 28-74 12 a towel for general or common use is 75-149 ll prohibited. 150 and over_________________ lo (e) Change rooms--(1) Separate fa cilities. Separate change or dressing rooms equipped with individual clothes facilities shall be provided for each sex wherever it is the practice to change from street clothes or wherever it is nec essary to change because the work per formed involves exposure to excessive dirt, heat, fumes, vapor, or moisture. In the event that change rooms are not pro vided, facilities shall be furnished for h.ng4ny outer garments. (2) Drying facilities. Where the proc ess in which the worker is engaged is such that his working clothes become wet or have to be washed between shifts, provision shall be made to insure that such clothing is dry before reuse. (f) Retiring rooms for women. Where 10 or more women are employed at any one time, at least one retiring room shall be provided for rest and emergencies. Where fewer than 10 women are em (h) Food handling. All employee food service facilities and operations shall meet the requirements of "Food Service Sanitation Ordinance and Code," Part V, "Food Service Sanitation Manual," U.S. Public Health Service Publication No. 934 (1965). In all places of employment where all or part of the food service is provided by vending machines, the food dispensed shall be prepared, and the machine operated in accordance with the requirements of "Vending of Foods and Beverages, A Sanitation Ordinance and Code," U.S. Public Health Service Pub lication No. 546 (1965). (i) Scope. This section applies to all permanent places of employment except where domestic, mining, or agricultural work only is performed. Measures for the control of toxic materials are con sidered to be outside the scope of this section. Us, to a height of at least 6 inches, iniing the angle formed by the floor <*ud side walls, shall be of watertight construction. (v) The floors, walls, ceilings, parti tions, and doors of all toilet rooms shall be of a finish that can be easily cleaned. In installations made on or after Au gust 31, 1971, cove bases shall be pro vided to facilitate cleaning. ployed and a restroom is not furnished, some equivalent space shall be provided which can be properly screened for pri vacy and made suitable for the use of women employees. At least one couch or bed shall be provided in every place where more than 10 women are em ployed.The required number of such beds or couches follows: 1910.142 Temporary labor camps. (a) Site. (1) All sites -used for camps shall be adequately drained. They shall not be subject to periodic flooding, nor located within 200 feet of swamps, pools, sink holes, or other surface collections of water unless such quiescent water sur faces can be subjected to mosquito con trol measures. The camp shall be located (vi) Toilet rooms, except those in work places accessible to men only, shall be 10 to 10O 1 bed 100 to 250-________________________ 2 beds so the drainage from and through the camp will not endanger any domestic or completely enclosed with solid material that is nontransparent from the outside. 1 additional bed for each additional 250 public water supply. All sites shall be women employees. A minimum of 60square graded, ditched, and rendered free from (3) Construction and installation of toilet facilities, (i) Every water closet feet of Boor space per bed or couch shall be depressions in which water may become provided. a nuisance. bowl shall be set entirely free and open from all enclosing structures and shall be so installed that the space around the fixture can be easily cleaned. This pro vision does not prohibit the use of wallhung type water closets. (ii) Every water closet shall have a hinged openfront seat made of substan tial material having a nonabsorbent fin ish. .. (4) Chemical closets . and privies. Chemical closets and privies shall be constructed and maintained in accord ance with 1910.143. (d) Washing facilities--(I) General. Adequate facilities for maintaining per-, sonal cleanliness shaU be. provided in every, place of employment. These shall be convenient for the employees for whom, they are provided and shall be --aintained in- a sanitary condition. 2) Lavatories. At least one lavatory ...di adequate hot and cold water, pref erably from a combination supply fixture, shaU be provided for every 10 employees (g) Lunchrooms--(1) General. In all places of employment where employees are permitted to lunch on the premises, an adequate space suitable for that pur pose- shall be provided for the maximum number of employees who may use such space at one time. Such space shall be physically separate from any location where there is exposure to toxic materials. (2) Waste disposal containers. An ade quate number of covered receptacles con structed of a smooth, corrosion-resistant, easily cie&nable, or disposable material, shall be provided by the employer and used by the employees for the disposal of all waste food. Such receptacles shall be emptied not less than once daily and shall be maintained in a clean and sani tary manner. (3) Location, (i): No food shall be stored or eaten where there are present any toxic materials or substances that may be injurious to health, (ii) No food shall be stored or eaten in any toilet room. (2) All sites shall be adequate in size to prevent overcrowding of necessary structures. The principal camp area in which food is prepared and served and where sleeping quarters are located shall be at least 500 feet from any area in which livestock is kept. (3) The grounds and open areas sur rounding the shelters shall be main tained in a clean and sanitary condition free from rubbish, debris, waste paper, garbage, or other refuse. (4) Whenever the camp is closed for the season or permanently, all garbage, manure, and other refuse shall be col lected and so disposed of as to prevent nuisance. All abandoned privy pits shall be filled with earth and the grounds and buildings left in a clean and sanitary condition. If privy buildings remain, they shall be locked or otherwise secured to prevent entrance. (b) Shelter.-{1) Every shelter in the camp shall be constructed in a manner which will provide protection against the elements. - (men or women) or portion thereof, up to (iii) In every establishment where (2). Each room used for sleeping pur 100 persons; and over 100 persons one there is exposure to injurious dusts or poses shall, contain at east 50 square feet FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 37, NO, - 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1972 BFG30458 22236 RULES AND* REGULATIONS of floor space for each occupant. At least a 7-foot ceiling shall7 her provided. (3> Beds. cots, or bunks, and suitable storage-facilities such as wall lockers for clothing1 and personal- articles shall- be provided in every room used for sleep ing purposes. Such beds or similar fa cilities shall be spaced not closer than 36 inches both laterally and end to end; and shall be elevated at least 12 inches from, the floor. If double-deck bunks are used, they shall be- spaced not less than 48 inches both laterally- and end- to end. The minimum clear space between, the C4) Where water under pressure Is available, one or more thinking foun tains shall be provided- foe each I001 oc cupants or fraction thereof. The con struction of drinking fountains shall comply with ANST Standard Specifica tions for Drinking Fountains, 24.2-1942. Common drinking cups are prohibited. (d) Toilet facilities. (I) Toilet facil ities adequate for the capacity of the camp shall be provided, (2) Bach toilet room shall' be located so as to be accessible without any Indi vidual passing through any deeping (e) Sewage disposal facilities. In camps- where puhlic sewers are avail able^ all sewer lines and. floor drains from buildings shall be connected thereto. .. (fl Laundry* handwashing, and bath ing facilities. CD Laundry, handwash ing,, and bathing facilities shall be. pro vided in the following ratio: (1) Handwash basin per family shel ter or per six persons in shared facilities. (ii) Shower head for every IQ per sons. CiiiX Laundry tray or tub for every lower and upper bunk shall be- not- less an 27 inches. Triple-deck bunks- are prohibited. (4) The floors of each, shelter shall be constructed of wood, asphalt, or con crete. Wooden floors shall: be of smooth and tight construction. The-floors shall be kept in good repair. (5> All wooden floors shall.be elevated not less than 1 foot above the ground level at all points to prevent dampness and to permit free circulation of air beneath. (6) Nothing in this section shall be room. Toilet rooms shall have a window not less than 8 square feet in-area open ing directly to the outside area or other wise be satisfactorily ventilated. Alt outside openings shall be screened with 16-mesh material. No- fixture, water closet, chemical toilet, or urinal shall be located in a room used for other than toilet purposes. (3>- A toilet room shall be located within 200 feet of the door ofeach-sleep ing room. No* privy shall be eloser than 10O feet to any steeping room, dining room, lunch area,, or kitchen. 39 persons. (iv) Stop sink in each, building used for laundry, hand washing, and bathing. (2) Floors shall be of smooth finish but not. slippery materials; they shall be impervious to moisture. Floor drains shall be provided in all shower baths, shower rooms, or laundry rooms to re move waste water and facilitate clean ing.. All junctions of the curbing and the floor shall be coved. The walls and partitions of shower rooms shall be smooth and* impervious* to* the height of splash. construed to prohibit "banking" with earth or other suitable material around the outside walls in areas subject to- extreme low temperatures. (7) All living quarters shall be provided with windows the total of which shall be not less than one-tenth of the floor area. At least one-half of each window shall' be so constructed that it can be opened for purposes of ventilation. (8) All exterior openings, shall be (4) Where the fcoilefrroomsare shared^ such as in multifamily shelters and. inbarracks type facilities, separate toilet* rooms shall be provided for each sex. These rooms shall be distinctly marked "for men'* and "for women" by .signs printed in English and in the native language of the persons* occupying the camp, or marked with easily understood pictures or symbols. If the facilities for each sex are in the same building, they (3) An adequate supply of hot and cold, running* water shall be provided for bathing and laundry purposes. Facili ties for heating water shall be provided. (4) Every service building shall be provided with equipment capable of maintaining a temperature of at least 70" F. during cold weather. (5) Facilities* for drying clothes shall be-provided. (6) All service buildings shall be kept effectively screened with 16-mesh ma terial. All screen doors shall be- equipped with self-closing devices. (9) In a room where workers cook, live, and sleep a minimum of 100 square feet per person shall be provided.. Sani tary facilities shall be provided for stor ing and preparing food. (10) In camps where cooking facili ties are used In common, stoves (in ratio of one stove to 10. persons, or one stove to two families) shall be provided in an enclosed and screened shelter. Sanitary facilities shall be provided for storing and preparing food; (11) All heating, cooking, and water heating equipment shall be installed in accordance with State and local ordi nances, codes, and regulations govern ing such installations. If a camp is used during cold weather, adequate heating equipment shall be provided. (e) Wafer supply. (1) An adequate and convenient water supply, approved by the appropriate health authority, Shan be provided in each camp for drinking, cooking, bathing, and laundry purposes. (2) A water supply shall be deemed adequate if it is capable of delivering 35 gallons per person per day to the campsite at a peak rate of 2 Vi times the average hourly demand. (3) The distribution lines shall be capable of supplying water at normal operating pressures to ail- fixtures for simultaneous operation. Water outlets shall be distributed throughout the camp in such a manner that no shelter is more than 100 feet from a yard hydrant if water is not piped to the shelters. shall be separated by solid walls orparti tions extending from the floor to. the roof or ceiling: (5) Where toilet facilities are. shared,, the number of water closets or privy seats provided for each sexshall be based' on the maximum number of persons of that sex which- the camp- is designed to house at any one time,, in the ratio of* one such unit to each lb persons; with a minimum of two units for any shared facility. (6) Urinals shall be provided on the basis of one unit or 2 linear feet of urinal trough for each 25 menu The floor from, the wall and for a distance not less* than 15 Inches measured from the out ward edge of the- urinals shall be con structed of. materials impervious to moisture. Where water under pressure* is available, urinals shall be provided with an adequate water flush. Urinal troughs in privies shall drain freely into the pit or vault and the construc tion of this drain shall be such as to exclude flies and rodents from the pit. (7) Every water closet installed on or after August 31, 1971, shall be located in a toilet room. (8) Each toilet room shall be lighted naturally, or artificially by* a safe type* of lighting at all hours of the day and night. (9) An adequate supply of toilet paper* shall be provided In each privy, water closet, or chemical toilet compartment. (10) Privies and toilet rooms shall be kept in a sanitary condition. They shall be cleaned at least daily. clean. (g) Lighting. Where electric service is available, each habitable room in a camp shall be provided with at least one ceil ing-type light fixture and at least one separate floor- or wall-type convenience outlet. Laundry and toilet rooms and rooms where people congregate shall contain at least one ceiling- or wall-type fixture. Light levels in toilet and storage rooms shall be at least 20 toot-candles 39 inches from the floor. Other rooms, including kitchens and living quarters, shall be at least 30 foot-candles 30 inches from the floor. (hr) Refuse disposal. (1) Fly-tight, rodent-tight, impervious, cleanable or single service containers, approved by the appropriate health authority shall.be provided for the storage of garbage. At least one such container shall be pro vided for each family shelter and shall be located.within 100 feet.of each shelter on. a wooden, metal, or concrete stand. (2) Garbage containers shall be kept clean. (3) Garbage containers shall be emp tied when full, but not less than twice a week. (i) Construction and operation of kitchens, dining hall, and feeding facili ties. CD* In all camps where central din ing or multiple family feeding operations are permitted or provided, the food handling facilities shall comply with the requirements of the "Food Service Sani tation Ordinance and Code,'' Part V of the "Food Service Sanitation Manual," U.S. Public Health Service Publication 934 <1965). BFG30459 FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1972 RULES AND REGULATIONS de'^ts such as leakage or extrusion of ling devices, shall be constructed, lo sonnel from the hazards of open pits, t e metal. Valves equipped with sec- cated, and installed so that they cannot tanks, vats, ditches, etc. oi. -ry resilient seals shall have the be readily rendered inoperative by any seals inspected periodically. If there is means, including the elements. 1910.177 Indoor general storage. any doubt regarding the suitability of (iv> AH safety valves shall be tested (a) Definitions applicable to this sec the safety relief device for service the frequently and at regular Intervals to tion. (1) "Available height for storage** container shall not be filled until it is determine whether they are in good op means the maximum height at which equipped with a suitable safety relief erating condition. commodities can be stored above the device. 1910.169 Air receivers, 1910,170 Sources- of standards. See. Source . floor and still maintain, adequate clear ance from, structural members and the required clearance below sprinklers. (a) General requirements--(1) Appli cation. This section applies to compressed air receivers, and other equipment used in providing and utilizing compressed air for performing operations such as cleaning, drilling, hoisting, and chipping. On the other hand, however, this section 1910.166_____________41 CFR 50-204.65 refer encing CGA C--6--1968, Standards for visual Inspection ot Com pressed Gas Cylinders. 1910.16T... 41 CFR 50-204.71 and CGA Pamphlets S-l.l1963 and 1965 addenda (2) "Ordinary* combustibles" desig nates commodities packaging or storage aids which have heats of combustion (British thermal units per pound) sim ilar to wood, cloth, or paper and which produce fires that may normally be ex tinguished by the quenching and cool does not deal with the special problems and S--1.2-1963 and ing effect of water. This type of Ore is created by using compressed air to con 1965 addenda and S- defined as a Class A fire in the Standard vey materials nor the problems created when men work in compressed air as in tunnels and caissons. This section is not intended to apply to compressed air ma chinery and equipment used on trans portation vehicles such as steam railroad 1.2--196S, Safety Relief Device Standards. 1910.169ANSI B--19. 1939 Safety Code for Compressed Air Machinery. 1910,171 Standards organizations. for the Installation of Portable Fire Ex tinguishers, NFPA No. 19-1970. (3) "Exposure" means the exterior presence of combustibles which, if ig nited, could cause damage to the storage building or its contents. cars, electric railway cars, and automo Specific'standards of the following or (4) A "firewall" is a wall designed to tive equipment. ganizations have been referenced in this prevent the spread of Are, having a fire (2) New and existing equipment (i> part. Copies of the referenced materials resistance rating of not less than 4 hours All new air receivers installed after the may be obtained from the issuing and having sufficient structural stability effective date of these regulations shall organizations. under fire conditions to allow collapse be constructed in accordance with the 1968 edition of the A.S.M.E. Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section vm. (ii> All safety valves used shall be constructed, installed, and maintained in Compressed Gas Association, Inc., 500 Fifth. Avenue, New York, NY 10036. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Inc., United Engineering Center, 345 Bast 47th Street, New York, NY 10017. of construction, on either side without collapse of wall. (5) "Horizontal channel" means any uninterrupted space in excess of 5 feet in length between horizontal layers of accordance with the A.S.MJE. Boiler and National Fire Protection Association, 60 Bat- stored commodities. Such channels may F 'lire Vessel Code, Section VTCE Edi- terymarch Street, Boston, MA 02110. be formed by pallets, shelving, racks, or t .968. American National Standards Institute, 1430 other storage arrangements. io) installation and equipment re Broadway, New York. NY 10018. (6) "Noncombustible" designates com quirements--(1) Installation. Air re Subpart N--Materials Handling and modities, packaging, or storage aids ceivers shall be so installed that all drains, handholes, and manholes therein Storage which will not ignite, burn or liberate flammable gases when heated to a tem are easily accessible. Air receivers should 1910.176 Handling materials--gen perature of 1,380" Fahrenheit for 5 be supported with sufficient clearance to eral minutes. permit a complete external inspection and to avoid corrosion of external sur faces. Under no circumstances shall an air receiver be buried underground or located in an inaccessible place. The re ceiver should be located as close to the compressor or aftercooler as is possible In order to keep the discharge pipeshort. (a) Use of mechanical equipment. Where mechanical handling equipment Is used, sufficient safe clearances shall be allowed for aisles, at loading docks, through doorways and wherever turns or passage must be made. Aisles and pas sageways shall be kept clear and in good repair, with no obstruction across or in (7) "Packaging" designates any com modity wrapping, cushioning, or con tainer. (8) "Storage aids" means commodity storage devices such as shelves, pallets, -dunnage, decks, platforms, trays, bins, separators, and skids. (9) A "warehouse" is any building (2) Drains and traps. A drain pipe aisles that could create a hazard. Perma or area within a building used principally and valve shall be installed at the low nent aisles and passageways shall be ap for the storage of commodities. est point of every air receiver to provide propriately marked, (10) "Type I storage" is that in which for the removal of accumulated oil and water. Adequate automatic traps, may be (b> Secure storage. Storage of mate-* rial shall not create a hazard. Bags, con-1 combustible commodities or tible commodities involving noncombus combustible installed in addition to drain valves. The tainers, bundles, etc., stored in tiers shall I packaging or storage aids are stored drain valve on the air receiver shall be be stacked, blocked, interlocked and lim-l over 15 feet but not more than 21 feet opened drained and the receiver frequently and at completely such inter- J ited in height so that they are stable and! secure against sliding or collapse. | high in solid piles or over 12 feet but not more than 21 feet high in piles that vaIs as to prevent the accumulation of J ' (c) Housekeeping. Storage areas shall contain horizontal channels. Minor excessive amounts of liquid in the re be kept free from accumulation of mate quantities of commodities of hazard ceiver. rials that constitute hazards from trip greater than ordinary combustibles may (3) Gages and valves. (i) Every air receiver shall be equipped with an indi cating pressure gage (so located as to be ping, fire, explosion, or pest harborage. Vegetation control will be exercised when necessary. be included without affecting this gen eral classification. (ID "Type n storage" is that in readily visible) and with one or more (d) Drainage. Proper drainage shall which combustible commodities or non- spring-loaded safety valves. The total re be provided. combustible commodities involving com lieving capacity of such safety valves shall be such as to prevent pressure in the receiver from exceeding the maxir i allowable working pressure of the ver by more than 10 percent vii) No valve of any type shall be placed between the air receiver and its safety valve or valves. (iii) Safety appliances, such as safety valves. Indicating devices and control (e) Clearance limits. Clearance signs to warn of clearance limits shall be provided. (f) Rolling railroad cars. Derail and/ or bumper blocks shall be provided on spur railroad tracks where a rolling car could contact other cars being worked, enter a building, work or traffic area. (g) Guarding. Covers and/or guard rails* shall be provided to protect per- bustible packaging or storage aids are stored not over 15 feet high in solid pfles or not over 12 feet high in piles that con tain horizontal channels. Minor quan tities of commodities of hazard greater than ordinary combustibles may be in cluded without affecting this general classification. (12) "Type HI storage" is. that in which the stored commodities, packag ing and storage aids are noncombustible No. 202--Pt. II------20 FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBE R 18, 1972 24358077 22252 RULES AND REGULATIONS -(10) Free air or free gas. "Free air" (3> Specific requirements for safety mum DOT design pressure, one or more or "free gas" means air or gas measured relief devices, (i) Each container shall fusible plugs approved by the Bureau of at a pressure of 14.7 pounds per square be provided with one or more safety Explosives, 63 Vesey Street, New York, inch absolute and a temperature of relief devices which, unless otherwise NY 10007, may be used in lieu of safety 60* F. specified, shall be safety relief valves of relief valves of the spring-loaded type. (11) Frangible disc. A "frangible disc" the spring-loaded type. If the container is over 30 inches long a means a safety relief device in the form (ii) Safety relief valves shall be set safety relief device having the total re of a disc, usually of metal, which is so to start-to-discharge at a pressure not quired flow capacity must be at both held as to close the safety relief device in excess of 110 percent of the DOT de ends, channel under normal conditions. The sign pressure of the container nor less (x) When storage containers for lique disc is intended to burst at a predeter than the DOT design pressure of the fied petroleum gas are permitted to be mined pressure to permit the escape of container except as follows: shipped in accordance with 49 CFR gas. (a) If an overdesigned container is 173.3I5(j> (DOT Regulations), they must (12) Fusible plug. A "fusible plug" used, the set pressure of the safety relief be equipped with safety relief devices in means a safety relief device in the form valve may be between the minimum re compliance with the requirements for of a plug of suitable low-melting ma quired DOT design pressure for the lad safety relief devices on above-ground terial. usually a metal alloy, which closes ing and 110 percent of the DOT design containers as specified in the National the safety relief device channel under pressure of the container used. Fire Protection Association Pamphlet No. normal conditions and is intended to (b) For sulfur dioxide containers, a 58-1969 "Standard for the Storage and yield or melt at a predetermined tem minimum set pressure of 120 and 110 Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases." perature to permit the escape of gas. p.s.i.g. is permitted for the 150 and 125 (xi) When containers are filled by (13) DOT design pressure. The "DOT p.s.i.g. DOT design pressure containers, pumping equipment which has a dis design pressure" is identical to the term respectively. charge capacity in excess of the capacity "maximum allowable working pressure" (c) For carbon dioxide (refrigerated), of the container safety relief devices, and as used in the "Code" and is the maxi nitrous oxide (refrigerated), and pres which is capable of producing pressures mum gage pressure at the top of the surized liquid argon, nitrogen and ox in excess of DOT design pressure of the tank In its operating position. To deter ygen, there shall be no minimum set container, precautions should be taken mine the minimum permissible thickness pressure. to prevent the development of pressures of physical characteristics of the differ (d) For butadiene, inhibited, and in the container in excess of 120 percent ent parts of the vessel, the static head liquefied petroleum gas containers, a of its DOT design pressure. This may be of the lading shall be added to the DOT minimum set pressure of 90 percent of done by providing additional capacity of design pressure to determine the thick the minimum DOT design pressure per the safety relief valves on the container, ness of any specific part of the vessel. mitted for these ladings may be used. by providing a bypass on the pump dis If vacuum insulation is used, the liquid (e) For containers constructed in ac charge, or by any other suitable method. container shall be designed for a pressure cord with paragraph U-68 or U-69 of (xii) This additional requirement of 15 p.s.i. more than DOT design pres the Code 1949 Edition, the set pressure applies to safety relief devices on con sure, plus static head of the lading. marked on the safety relief valve may be tainers for liquefied hydrogen and pres Exception : For containers constructed in accordance with paragraph 17-68 or U-69 of 125 percent of the original DOT design pressure of the container. surized liquid argon, nitrogen, and oxygen. The liquid container shall be pro section vlll of the ASME Boiler and Pressure (ill) Only replacement parts or as tected by one or more safety relief valves Vessel Code. 1949 Edition, the maximum semblies provided by the manufacturer and one or more frangible discs. allowable working pressure for the purpose of the device shall be used unless the (xiii) Safety relief devices shall be ar of these standards is considered to be 125 suitability of interchange is proved by ranged to discharge unobstructed to the percent of the design pressure as provided adequate tests. open air in such a manner as to prevent in 48 CFR 173.315 of DOT Regulations. (iv) Safety relief valves shall have any impingement of escaping gas upon (14) Code. "Code" is defined as para direct communication with the vapor the container. Safety relief devices shall graph TJ-68, TJ-69, U-200 or U-201 of sec space of the container. be arranged to discharge upward except tion vm of the Boiler and Pressure (v) Any portion of liquid piping or this Is not required for carbon dioxide, Vessel Code of the American Society of hose which at any time may be closed nitrous oxide and pressurized liquid Mechanical Engineers, 1949 Edition; or at each end must be provided with a argon, nitrogen, and oxygen. section vm of the Boiler and Pressure safety relief device to prevent excessive (xiv) No shutoff valves shall be in Vessel Code of the American Society of pressure. stalled between the safety relief devices Mechanical Engineers, 1950, 1952, 1956, (vi> The additional restrictions of this and the container except, in cases wliere 1959, and 1962 Editions; or The Code for subdivision apply to safety relief devices two or more safety relief devices are in Unfired Pressure Vessels for Petroleum on containers for carbon dioxide or stalled on the same container, a shutoff Liquids and Gases of the American nitrous oxide which are shipped in re valve may be used where the arrange Petroleum Institute and the American frigerated and insulated containers. The ment of the shutoff valve or valves is Society of Mechanical Engineers (API- maximum operating pressure in the con such as always to insure full required ASME), 1951 Edition. tainer may be regulated by the use of capacity flow through at least one safety (15) DOT regulations. The "DOT reg one or more pressure controlling devices, relief device. ulations" refers to Department of Trans which devices shall not be in lieu of the (4) Maintenance requirements for portation Regulations for Transporta safety relief valve required in subdivision safety relief devices, (i) Care shall be tion of Explosives and Other Dangerous (i) of this subparagraph. exercised to avoid damage to safety re Articles by Land and Water in Rail (vii) All safety relief devices shall be lief devices. Care shall also be exercised Freight. Express and Baggage Services so installed and located that the cooling to avoid plugging by paint or other dirt and by Motor Vehicle (Highway) and effect of the contents will not prevent accumulation of safety relief device Water, including Specifications for Ship the effective operation of the device. fha.nnpis or other parts which could ping Containers," Code of Federal Regu (vili) In addition to the safety relief interfere with the functioning of the lations, Title 49, Parts 171 to 178. valves required by subdivision (i) of this device. (b) General requirements--(1) Appli subparagraph each container for carbon (ii) Only qualified personnel shall be cation. See 8 1910.167(b)(1). dioxide may be equipped with one or allowed to service safety relief devices. (2) Specifications and tests. AH safety more frangible disc safety relief devices Any servicing or repairs which require relief devices covered by this section shall of suitable design set to function at a resetting of safety relief valves shall be meet the design, construction, marking, pressure not exceeding two times the done only by or after consultation with and test specifications of the "Com DOT design pressure of the container. the valve manufacturer. pressed Gas Associations Safety Relief (ix) Subject to conditions of 49 CFR <iii) Safety relief devices periodically Device-Standards Part 2--Cargo and 173.315(a)(1) (DOT Regulations) for shall be examined externally for corro Portable Tanks for Compressed Gases: methyl chloride and sulfur dioxide op sion, damage, plugging or external safety S-l.2-1963." tional portable tanks of 225 p.s.i.g. mini relief device channels, and mechanical FEDERAL REGISTER, VOl. 37, HO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1972 RULES AND REGULATIONS 22237 j a properly constructed kitchen section may be used in place of privies (2) Privy building shall be firmly an and. dining hall adequate in size, sepa or chemical toilets. chored, rigidly constructed, and free from rate from the. sleeping quarters of any (5) Combustion toilets constructed in hostile surface features, such as exposed of the workers or their families, shall be conformity with paragraph (e) of this nail points. sharp edges, rough or broken provided in connection with all food section: may be used in place of privies, boards, etc., and shall provide privacy handling facilities. There shall be no chemical toilets, or recirculating toilets. and protection from the elements. Itshall direct opening from living or sleeping (6) Portable toilets constructed in con be ventilated by leaving a 4-inch open quarters into a kitchen or dining hall. formity with paragraph (g) of this sec ing at the top of all the walls just beneath (3) No person with any communicable tion may be used for temporary or mobile the roof. disease shall be employed or permitted to installations. Such temporary units may (i) The building shall be of fly-tight work in the preparation, cooking, serv be: construction, doors shall be self-closing, ing, or other handling of food, foodstuffs, (I) Chemical, recirculating, or com and vent and building openings shall be or materials used therein, in any kitchen bustion toilets designed for installation screened with 16-mesh screen of durable or dining room operated in connection in or as an integral part of a skid material. The vent shall extend 12 inches with a camp or regularly used by persons mounted portable privy building, or in above the roof. living in a camp. a separate toilet room, or (11) The seat shall be so spaced as to (j) Insect and rodent control. Effec (ii> Portable privies designed for in provide a minimum clear space of 24 tive measures shall be taken to prevent stallation over a manhole of a sanitary inches between each seat in multiple unit infestation by and harborage of animal or a combined waste water sewer system. installations, and shall provide 12 inches or insect vectors or pests. (7) A seepage pit constructed in con clear space from the seat opening to the (k) First aid. (1) Adequate first aid formity with paragraph (d> of this sec side wall in single and multiple units. facilities approved by a health authority tion may be used for the disposal of (iii) The seat riser shall have an in shall be maintained and made available waste water from culinary activity, tem side clearance of not less than 21 inches in every labor camp for the emergency porary bathing facilities, and clothes from the front wall and not less than treatment of injured persons. washing facilities where there is no avail 24 inches from the rear wall of the privy (2) Such facilities shall be in charge able piped water supply. Human excreta building. of a person trained to administer first shall not be discharged Into a seepage (iv) The seat top shall be not less than aid and shall be readily accessible for use pit. AH units described in this paragraph 12 inches nor more than 16 inches above at all times. shall comply with applicable codes and the floor. (l) Reporting communicable disease. regulations of local authorities. (v) The seat opening shall be covered (1) It shall be the duty of the camp (b) Privy specifications. (1) A privy with an attached, movable toilet seat and superintendent to report immediately to pit shall be separated by a minimum rjic. lid, so constructed and installed that the local health officer the name and tance of 100 feet between the privy and when closed it will limit access of in address of any individual in the camp a well, spring, or other source of water sects, and which can be raised to allow known to have or suspected of having a supply for drinking, bathing or culinary sanitary use as a urinal. r municable disease. purposes. (vi) The floor and riser shall' be built ) Whenever there shall occur in any camp a case of suspected food poisoning (i) At no time shall the pit bottom of a privy extend Into ground water, nor of impervious material or tongue and groove lumber, and In a manner to deny or'an unusual prevalence of any innRR in which fever, diarrhea, sore throat, vomiting, or jaundice is a prominent symptom, it shall be the duty of the camp superintendent to report immedi shall it be constructed within 100 feet of the shoreline of any open body of water. Phreatic water, such as may be found.in surface soil at depths of 10 feet or less, shall not be Interpreted as (vii) Where electricity is available, lighting shall be provided with an inten sity of not less than 10 foot-candles 30 inches above the floor. ately the existence of the outbreak to ground water unless there is evidence (vili) A conveniently located recep the health authority by telegram or telephone. of positive directional flow through the pit. tacle or dispenser containing an adequate supply of toilet paper shall be provided (ii> The privy shall be so located and for each seat in each privy building. 1910.143 Nonwater carriage disposal so constructed that no surface water may systems. enter into the pit either as runoff or as (a) Acceptable industrial disposal sys flood water. (c> Chemical toilet specifications. (D Rooms, buildings, or shelters housing chemical toilets shall be of sound con tems. (1) The waste disposal systems de (in) The pit shall be constructed of struction and easy to clean, and shall scribed in subparagraphs (2), (3), (4), such material and in such a manner as provide shelter and privacy. The toilet (5), (6). or (7) of this paragraph, may to prevent rapid deterioration, provide rooms shall be ventilated to the outside be used only where not prohibited by adequate capacity, and facilitate mainte codes and regulations of local authorities, nance in a satisfactory manner nn<jer or and where water closets are not feasible dinary conditions of usage. and adequately lighted, and all openings into the toilet room shall be covered with 16-mesh screen. The minimum require due either to the lack of an adequate water supply or to the location or tem porary nature of the operation requir <iv) The pit and seat area shall be vented by a flue or vent pipe having not less than 7 square inches cross-sectional ments given in subparagraphs (2) through (7) of this paragraph shall apply. ing the facility. The number of units required for a place of employment shall be as specified in. 51910.141 and 1910.142. (2) Privies constructed In conformity with paragraph (b) of this section may be used for the disposal of human excreta where their use will not contaminate ground or surface'water because of privy location, type of soil, or ground-water table. (3) Chemical toilets constructed in r tormity with paragraph (c) of this on may be used in place of privies u. tfhere a privy is not permitted due to possible contamination of ground, and surface water. (4) Recirculating, toilets constructed in conformity with paragraph (f) of this area, so as to provide a continuous escape of odors. (v) The pit shall provide a capacity of 50 cubic feet for each seat installed in the privy building. The vault within 16 inches of the surface grade shall not be counted as part of the 50-cubic-foot capacity. (vi) Pit cribbing shall fit firmly and be in uniform contact with the earth walls- on all sides, and shall rise at least 6 Inches above, the original ground line and descend to the full depth of the pit. However, pit cribbing below the soil flne may be omitted in rock formations. (vii) An earth plateau shall be con structed level with the top of the pit cribbing, and extend horizontally for a distance of at least 18 inches before slop ing to the original ground level. (2) Caustic receptacles shall be dura ble and corrosion proof, and provide a minimum capacity of 100 gallons per seat. (3) The caustic receptacle charge per seat shall be a minimum of 25 pounds of caustic dissolved in 10 gallons of water. (4) The chemical shall be drained and receptacle recharged every 6 months of continuous use, or at the beginning of each season of operation when in inter mittent use, or when three-fourths full, 8whichever occurs first- ..... (5) Each, seat in the building =>mii be provided agitator. with a- conveniently located t (6) Receptacles shall be vented as pre-: scribed in paragraph (b)(1) (iv) of this 5 section. - / No. 202--Pt. II-------18 FEDERAL REGISTER. VOL 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18,. 1972 BFG30460 22238 RULES AND REGULATIONS (7) Hie receptacle shall be equipped trolled Toilet." International Association (ft) Sprinkler piping. (See ANSI with a manhole external to the privy of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials Standard Scheme for the Identification building for cleaning and caustic re Trailer Standard TSC 12-65. of Piping Systems, A13.1-1956.) moval purposes. The manhole shall be (6) The unit shall be maintained and (ii) Danger. Safety cans or other port covered so as to prevent the escape of cleaned; and water, filter, and odor able containers of flammable liquids gases and odors. controlling chemical shall be replaced having a- flashpoint at or below 80* F. (d) Seepage pit construction. (1) in accordance with the instructions of table containers of flammable liquids Seepage pit construction shall conform the manufacturer. (open cup tester), excluding shipping with requirements for privy pit con (g) Portable toilet construction. (1) containers, shall be painted red with struction in paragraph (b)(i) (i), (ii), A portable toilet may comprise the seat some additional clearly visible identifi (ill), (vi) and (vli) of this section. The and its treatment unit to be installed cation either in the form of a yellow band seepage pit may be filled with stone or in a structure, or it may comprise an around the can or the name of the con rubble of not less than nominal 1 inch entire prefabricated, skid mounted, or tents conspicuously stenciled or painted diameter. otherwise portable structure containing on the can in yellow. Red lights shall be (2) Seepage pits shall be of such di a seat or treatment units with seat, provided at barricades and at temporary mensions as to provide side wall area (2) No pit, tank, or other subsurface obstructions, as specified in ANSI equal to at least 10 square feet per per structure shall be construed as part of a Safety Code for Building Construction, son served by the facility, or such greater portable toilet. A10.2-1944. Danger signs shall be painted area as may be required by the health (i) Portable privies must be installed red. agency having jurisdiction. over a pit conforming to paragraph (iii) Stop. Emergency stop bars on (3) Temporary piping connections (b) (1> of this section, or a manhole that hazardous machines such as rubber mills, from ginirs or shower platforms may be is part of a sanitary or combined waste wire blocks, flat work, ironers, etc., shall discharged beneath the floor if they have water disposal system. be red. Stop buttons or electrical switches traps in accordance with the provisions (ii) No portable toilet shall discharge used for emergency stopping of machin of American National Standard National into a storm sewer. ery shall be red. Plumbing Code, A 40.8-1955. (3) A portable building shall be rigidly (2) Orange. Orange shall be used as (4> The platform covering the seepage constructed, ventilated by a screened the basic color for designating dangerous pits shall be built of impervious material opening or a vent having a cross-sec parts of machines or energized equip and in a manner to exclude insects. tional area of at least 1 square foot per ment which may cut, crush, shock, or (5) The platform shall be provided seat, and equipped with a floor, riser, and otherwise injure and to emphasize such with an opening at least 1 foot in each seat meeting the requirements of para hazards when enclosure doors are open dimension and have a rim at least 1 inch graph (b) (2) of this section or an equiv or when gear belt, or other guards around above the floor to prevent precipitation alent individual stool and seat in pre moving equipment are open or removed, from accumulating on the platform floor. fabricated metal, fiber glass, plastic, or exposing unguarded hazards. (6) The platform opening shall be ceramic material. (3) Yellow. Yellow shall be the basic covered with a self-closing lid, so con (i) The structure shall provide privacy color for designating caution and for structed that it can be easily opened by and protection from the elements. marking physical hazards such as: foot or hand, and so installed that when (ii) An airtight seal shall be provided Striking against, stumbling, falling, closed it will exclude insects and fit between the structure base and any pit, tripping, and "caught in between." closely over the raised rim of the opening. receptacle, or manhole over which it is Solid yellow, yellow and black stripes, (e> Combustion toilet. (1) Combustion placed. yellow and black checkers (or yellow with toilets and combustion toilet buildings, (iii) Ventilation of the pit, receptacle, suitable contrasting background) should rooms, or shelters shall conform to the or manhole shall conform to paragraph be used interchangeably, using the com applicable specifications given for chem (b) (1) (iv) of this section. bination which will attract the most at ical toilets in paragraph (c) of this (4) A portable toilet shall be provided tention in the particular environment. section. (2) All external surfaces, including bowl and hopper, shall be easy to clean. (3) The residue must be sterile and with facilities, requisite to its construc tion, for the removal of chemicals, ash, or residue. All surfaces subject to soil ing shall be readily accessible and easily (4) Green. Green shall be used as the basic color for designating "Safety" and the location of first aid equipment'(other than firefighting equipment). inert. (4) The flue effluents must be free of bacteria. (5) The combustion system and all fuel and electrical parts shall be safe and in compliance with applicable gas and electrical codes of local authorities. Where such codes do not exist, the in stallations shall comply with the Na tional Electrical Code, NFPA 70-1971; ANSI Cl-1971 (Rev. of 1968). (f) Recirculating toilet specifications. (1) Recirculating toilet buildings, rooms, or shelters shall conform to the appli cable specifications given for chemical toilets in paragraph (c) of this section. (2) All- materials, bowl, piping, and fittings shall be corrosion resistant. (3) Waste passages shall have smooth surfaces and be free of, obstructions, re cesses, or chambers that would permit fouling. (4) Flushing shall be accomplished by ' a single control so arranged as to be operated without special knowledge or effort. (5) Recirculating toilets shall conform to "Self-Contained, Electrically.-Oper cleaned. 1910.144 Safely color code for mark ing physical hazards. (a) Color identification--(1) Red. Red shall be the basic color for the identifica tion of: (i) Fire protection equipment and ap paratus. (a) Fire alarm boxes (pull boxes). (b) Fire blanket boxes. (c) Fire buckets or pails. (d> Fire exit signs. (e) Fire extinguishers (if painting the extinguisher is impractical or undesir able, color should be used on the hous ing, wall, or support to identify the location). (/) Fire hose locations (color should be used on the reel, supports, or housing but not on the hose). (t/) Fire hydrants (industrial). (ft) Fire pumps. (i) Fire sirens. (?) Post indicator valves for sprinkler system (it is suggested that if a traffic hazard is involved, the top should be colored red, and the barrel or post yel (5) Blue. Blue shall be the basic color for designating caution, limited to warn ing against the starting, the use of, or the movement of equipment under repair or being worked upon. (6) Purple. Purple shall be the basic color for designating radiation hazards. "Radiation" as used in this subparagraph refers to radiation types such as X-ray, alpha, beta, gamma, neutron, proton, deuteron, and meson. Yellow should be used in combination with purple for markers such as tags, labels, signs, and floor markers, (7) Black, white, or combinations of black and white. Black, white, or a com bination of these two, shall be the basic colors for the designation of traffic and housekeeping markings. Solid white, solid black, single color striping, alternate stripes of black and white, or black and white checkers should be used in accord ance with local conditions. (b) Color specifications. Colors shall meet the tests specified in section 3, Color Definitions, of ANSI Z53.1-1967, Safety Color Code for Marking Physical ated Recirculating, Chemically Con low and black stripes). Hazards. BFG30461 FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 202--1WEDNESDAY OCTOBER IS, 1972 RULES AND REGULATIONS 22251 9) Nonliquefied compressed gas. A 220 F., nor less.than 208 F. (212 F, all safety relief devices shall be examined uliquefled compressed gas" is a gas, nominal)* externally for corrosion, damage, plug other than a gas in solution which under (vi) Type CO-7: Safety relief valve. .- ging of external safety relief device chan the charging pressure, is entirely gaseous (vli) Type CO-8: Combination safety nels, and mechanical defects such .as at a temperature of 70* F. relief valve and fusible plug. leakage or extrusion of fusible metal. (20) Liquefied compressed gas. A "liq (3) Specifications and tests. All safety If there is any doubt regarding the suit uefied compressed gas" is a gas which, relief devices covered by this section shall ability of the safety relief device forserv under the charging pressure, is partially meet the design, construction, marking ice the cylinder shall not be filled until liquid at a temperature of 70 F. A flam and test specification of the "Compressed it is equipped with a suitable device. mable compressed gas which is normally nonliquefied at 70 F. but which is par tially liquid under the charging pressure and temperature, shall follow the re Gas Association Safety Relief Device Standards Part 1--Cylinders for Com pressed Gases: Sl.1-1963." (4) Specific requirements for safety 1910.168 Safety relief device* for cargo and portable tanks staring compressed gases. quirements for liquefied compressed relief devices. Ii) Compressed gas cylin (a) Definitions applicable to this sec gases. ders, which under the Regulations of tion--(1) Cargo tank. A "cargo tank" (21) Compressed gas in solution. A the Department of Transportation must means any container designed to be per "compressed gas in solution" (Acetylene) be equipped with safety relief devices, manently attached to any motor vehicle is a nonliquefied gas which is dissolved in shall be considered acceptable when or other highway vehicle and in which a solvent. equipped with devices of proper con is to be transported any compressed gas. (22) Pressurised liquid compressed struction, location, and discharge capac The term "cargo tank" shall not be con gas. A "pressurized liquid compressed ity under the conditions prescribed in strued to include any tank used solely gas" is a compressed gas other than a Table 1 of the Compressed Gas Associa for the purpose of supplying fuel few the compressed gas in solution, which can tions Standard S-l.1-1963. propulsion of the vehicle or containers not be liquefied at a temperature of 70s (ii) Only replacement parts or assem fabricated under specifications for F., and which is maintained in the liquid blies provided by the manufacturer shall cylinders. state at a pressure not less than 40 p.s.i.a. be used unless the advisability of inter (2) Portable tank. A "portable tank" by maintaining the gas at a temperature change is proved by adequate tests. means any container designed primarily less than 70 F. (iii) When a frangible disc is used to be temporarily attached to a motor (23) Test pressure of the cylinder. The with a compressed gas cylinder, the rated vehicle, other vehicle, railroad car other "test pressure of the cylinder" is the bursting pressure of the disc shall not than tank car, or marine vessel, and minimum pressure at which a cylinder exceed the minimum required test pres equipped with skids, mountings, or ac must be tested as prescribed in DOT sure of the cylinder with which the de cessories to facilitate handling of the specifications for compressed gas cyl vice is used, except for DOT-3E cylin container by mechanical means, in which inders 41 CFR Ch. I. ders (49 CFR Ch. I) the rated bursting is to be transported any compressed gas. (24) Free air or free gas. "Free air" or pressure of the device shall not exceed The term "portable tank" shall not be "free gas" is air or gas measured at a 4,500 pounds per square inch gage construed to include any cargo tank, any sure of 14.7 pounds per square inch lute and a temperature of 60 F. (25) DOT regulations. As used in this section "DOT regulations" refers to the C.S. Department of Transportation Reg ulations for Transportation of Explosives and Other Dangerous Articles by Land and Water in Rail Freight, Express and Baggage Services and by Motor Vehicle (Highway) and Water, including Specifi cations for Shipping Containers, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Parts 171 to 178. (b) General requirements--(1) Appli cation. Compressed gas cylinder. portable tanks, and cargo tanks shall have pres sure relief devices , installed and main tained in accordance with Compressed Gas Association Pamphlets S-l.1-1963 and 1965 addenda and S-l.2-1963. (2) Types of safety relief devices. Types of safety relief devices as covered by this section are designated as follows: (p^ig.). (iv) When a safety relief valve is used on a compressed gas cylinder, the flow rating pressure shall not exceed the minimum required test pressure of the cylinder on which the safety relief valve is installed and the reseating pressure shall not be less than the pressure in a normally charged cylinder at 130 F. (v) When fittings and piping are used on either the upstream or downstream side or both of a safety relief device or devices, the passages shall be so designed that the flow capacity of the safety relief device will not be reduced below the capacity required for the container on which the safety relief device assembly is installed, nor to the extent that the operation of the device could be im paired. Fittings, piping, and method of attachment shall be designed to with stand normal handling and the pressures developed when the device or devices tank car tank, or any tank of the DOT106A and DOT-HOA-W type. (3) Safety relief device. A "safety re lief device" means a device intended to prevent rupture of a container trader certain conditions of exposure. (4) Safety relief valve. A "safety re lief valve" means a safety relief device containing an operating part that is held normally in a position closing the safety relief device channel by sizing force and is intended to open and to close at predetermined pressures. (5) Set pressure. The "set pressee" of a safety relief valve is the pressure marked on the valve and at which the valve is set to start-to-discharge. (6) Start-to-discharge pressure. The "start-to-dlscharge pressure" of a safety relief valve is the pressure at which the first bubble appears through a water seal of not over 4 inches on the outlet of the valve. (i) Type CG-1: Frangible disc. function. Nots: When the nature of the service re (ii) Type CG-2: Fusible plug or rein forced fusible plug utilizing a fusible alloy with yield temperature not over 170 F., nor less than 157 F. (165 F. nominal). (Hi) Type CG-3: Fusible plug or rein forced fusible plug utilizing a fusible alloy with yield temperature not over 220 F., nor less than 208 F. (212 F. nominal). (iv) Type CG-4: Combination fran gible disc-fusible plug, utilizing a fusible with yield temperature not over F., nor less than 157* F. (165 F. nominal). (v) Type CG-5: Combination fran gible disc-fusible plug, utilizing a fusible (vi) No shutoff valve shall be installed between the safety relief devices and the cylinder. (5) Maintenance requirements for safety relief devices, (i) As a precaution to keep cylinder safety relief devices in reliable operating condition, care shall be taken in the handling or storing of compressed gas cylinders to avoid dam age. Care shall also be exercised to avoid plugging by paint or other dirt accumu lation of safety relief device channels or other parts which could interfere with the functioning of the device. Only qual ified personnel shall be allowed to serv ice safety relief devices. (ii) Each time a compressed gas cylin quires the use of a metal-'o-metal sat safety relief valve, with or without sectnd- ary sealing means, the start-to-dlseharge pressure may be considered the pressure at which an audible discharge occurs. (7) Resealing pressure. The "reseal ing pressure" of a safety relief valve is the pressure at which leakage ceases through a water seal of not over 4 inches on the outlet of the valve. (8) Flow capacity. The "flow capaaty" of a safety relief device is the capacity in cubic feet per minute of free air dis charged at the required flow rating pressure. (9) Flow rating pressure. The "flow rating pressure" means the pressure at which a safety relief device is rated for , alloy with yield temperature not over der is received at a point for refilling. capacity. FEDERAL REGISTER,. VOL, 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1972 '22250 RULES AND REGULATIONS d7w of cylinders, and include.them, in this sectionals not practicable. Consider able judgment is required in evaluating cylinders- fit for service. Experience is' a major factorv'aside from strength.-con siderations for high'pressure cylinders. (ii) When the original wall thickness of the cylinder is not known, and the fu-.tnal wall thickness cannot be measr ured, the cylinder is rejected if corro sion .exceeds one thirty-second inch in r^pptfi This is arrived at by subtracting from the minimum allowable wall at manufacture C0.221 inch); the limiting wall in service (0.195 inch), to give the maximum allowable corrosion limit of 0.026 inch, say one thirty-second inch. (iii) When the wall thickness is known, or the actual, wall- thickness is measured,..the difference between this known wall and the limiting value es tablishes the maximum corrosion figure. The normal hot. forged cylinder of this size will have a measured wall of about 0.250 inch. Comparison of this-with the limiting wall thickness shows that de fectsjtp to- about one-sixteenth inch are allowable'provided, of course, that the actual wall is measured or is known. Civ) Cylinders with general corrosion are evaluated by subjecting them to a hydrostatic test. Thus, a cylinder with an elastic expansion of 227 cc. or greater shall be rejected. If areas of pronounced pitting are included within the general corrosion, the depth of such pitting shnriM also be measured (with the high spots of the actual surface as a refer ence plane) and the criteria established in the first example apply. Thus, the marimiim corrosion limit would be one thirty-second inch when the wall was not known. <t) Any defect of appreciable depth having a sharp bottom is a stress raiser and even though a cylinder may be ac ceptable from a stress standpoint, it is common practice to remove such defects. After any such repair operation, verifica tion of the cylinder strength and struc ture shall be made by.a hydrostatic test or other suitable means. (vi> Dents can be tolerated when the cylinder wall is not deformed excessively or abruptly. Generally speaking, dents are accepted up to a depth of about onesixteenth inch when the major diameter of the dent is equal to or greater than 32 times the depth of the dent. Sharper dents-than this are considered too abrupt and shall require rejection of the cyl inder. On small diameter cylinders these general rules may have to- be adjusted. Considerations of appearance play a major factor in the evaluation of dents. (to): Cylinders with arc or torch burns shad be removed from service. Defects of this nature may be recognized by one of the following conditions: - (a).. Removal of metal by scarfing or .cratering. : 'v. (b) A sintering or burning of the base metaL' (c) A hardened heat affected zone; A . simple method for verifying the presence of small arc burns is to file the suspected area. The hardened zone will resist filing as compared to the softer base metal. . (vul) Cylinders are normally proV duced with a symmetncal-shape. Cylin ders-with distinct rVisuahbulges shall' be removed from service until the nature of the defect Is determined. Some cylinders may have small discontinuities related to the manufacturing. . process--mush roomed bottoms, offset shoulders, etc. These usually, can be identified and are not normally cause for concern. <ix> Cylinders shall be. carefully in spected for evidences of exposure to fire. See paragraph (c) (3) (x) of this section. (x) Cylinder necks shall be examined for serious cracks, folds, and flaws. See paragraphs (c)(3) (xii) - and (xiii) of this section. (f) Internal inspection. (l) Cylinders shall be inspected internally at least every time the cylinder is periodically retested. This examination shall be made with a light of sufficient intensity to clearly illuminate the interior walls. (2) A hammer test consists.of tapping a cylinder a light blow with a suitably sized hammer. A `cylinder, emptied of liquid content, with a clean internal sur face, standing free,., will have a clear ring. Cylinders with internal corrosion will give a duller ring dependent upon the amount of corrosion and accumula tion of foreign material. Such cylinders shall be investigated. The hammer test is very sensitive and is an easy, quick; and convenient test that can be made with out removing the valve before each charging. It is an invaluable indicator of internal corrosion. : - 1910.167 : Safety relief devices for com. pressed gas cylinders. () Definitions. As used in this section: Cl) Safety relief device. A "safety re lief device" is a device intended to pre vent rupture of a cylinderunder certain conditions of exposures. (The term as used herein shall include the approach channel, the operating parts, and the discharge channel.) (2) Approach channel. An "approach channel" is the passage or passages through which gas must pass from the cylinder to reach the operating parts of the safety relief device. (3) Discharge channel. A "discharge channel" is the passage or passages be yond the operating parts through which gas must pass to reach the atmosphere exclusive of any piping attached to the outlet of the device. (4) Safety relief device channel. A "safety relief device channel'5 is the channel through which gas released by operation of the device must pass from the cylinder to the atmosphere exclusive of any piping attached to the inlet or outlet of the device. : ; (5) Operating part. The "operating part" of a safety relief device is the part of a safety relief device that normally closes the safety discharge channel but when moved front this position as a re sult of the action of heat or pressure, or a combination of the two, permits escape of gas from the cylinder. () Frangible disc. A "frangible disc" is an operating part in the form of a disc, usually of metal and which is so held as to close the safety relief device channel under normal conditions. The disc is intended to burst at a predeter mined pressure to permit the escape of gas. ....................... (7) Pressure opening. A "pressure opening" is the orifice against which the frangible disc functions. (8) Rated bursting pressure. A "rated bursting pressure" of a frangible disc is the maximum pressure for which the disc is designed to burst when in contact with the pressure opening for which it was designed when tested. (9) Fusible plug. A "fusible plug" is an operating part in the form of a plug of suitable low melting material, usually a metal alloy, which closes the safety relief device channel under normal conditions and is intended to yield or melt at a pre determined temperature to permit the escape of gas. (10) Yield temperature. The "yield temperature" of a fusible plug is the temperature at which the fusible metal or alloy will yield when tested. (U) Reinforced fusible plug. A "rein forced fusible plug" Is a fusible plug consisting of a core of suitable material having a comparatively high yield tem perature surrounded by a low-melting point fusible metal of the required yield temperature. (12) Combination frangible disc-fusi ble plug. A "combination frangible disc- fusible plug" is a frangible disc in com bination with a low melting point fusible metal, intended to prevent its bursting at its predetermined bursting pressure un less the temperature also is high enough to cause yielding or melting of the fusible metal. (13) Safety relief valve. A "safety re lief valve" is a safety relief device con taining an operating part that is held normally in a position closing the safety relief device channel by spring force and is intended to open and to close at pre determined pressures. (14) Combination safety relief valve and fusible plug. A "combination safety relief valve and fusible plug" is a safety relief device utilizing a safety relief valve in combination with a fusible plug. This combination device may be an integral unit or separate units and is intended to open and to close at predetermined pres sures or to open at a predetermined temperature. (15) Set pressure. The "set pressure" of a safety relief valve is the pressure marked on the valve and at which it is set to start-to-discharge. (16) Start-to-discharge pressure. The "start-to-discharge pressure" of a safety relief valve is the pressure at which the first bubble appears through a water seal of not over 4 inches on the outlet of the safety relief valve; (17> Flour capacity. The "flow capac ity" of a safety relief device is the capac ity in cubic feet per minute of free air discharged at the required flow rating pressure. (18) Flow rating pressure. The "flow rating pressure" is the pressure at which a safety relief device is rated for capacity. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO, 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1972 RULE? AND REGULATIONS 222*9 r 10.145 Specifications for accident . TiRtH J-l--STANDARD FBOFOBHOMS FOR DAlWER 8lGKS prevention sighs and tags, -............ (a) Scope.41) These specifications ap ply to the design, application, and use of signs or symbols (as Included in para Sign size, Inches Height Wfettk Bteek rectangular : panel, leches . Height Width: !. ..V. Red oval. Inches Height- Width HORIZONTAL PATTKK.V ' - - Word danger,' height Indies .j-.i Maximum space " ' available for sign wording,-laches V -..a .;V graphs (c) through (e) of this: section) intended to indicate and, insofar as pos sible, to define specific hazards of a na 7 x 10 10x14 14x20 20 X 2S 3jfx9*HxWi 6XlK 9Jix27M 2K t 4*1x11% a : ' lfta \9STki' "V ..4X13H 04 x 27)1 ture such that failure to designate them UPRIGHT PATTERN . may lead to accidental injury to workers or the public, or both, or to property damage. These specifications are in tended to cover all safety signs except those designed for streets, highways, 10x7 . 14 X 10 20 x 14 28x20 2Hx6H 3tfx9H 4Hxl3 4xl9H 3K8S 04 x UJ* 5)1x17 be as established in Tables J-l to J-4. IMe 6r'W VAt 9J4x9H- 2H V/t s;igr railroads, and marine regulations. These (2) Danger signs, (i) The colors red, specifications do not apply to plant bul letin boards or to safety posters. (2) All new signs and replacements of old signs on or after August 31, 1971, shall be in accordance with these specifications. black, and white shall be those of opaque glossy samples as specified in Table 1 of Fundamental Specification of Safety Colors for CIE Standard Source "C", American National Standard Z53.1-1967. (b) Definitions. As used in this section, the word "sign" refers to a surface on which letters or other markings appear, prepared for the warning of. or safety (ii) Standard Proportions- shall be as indicated in Table J-l, and format shall be as in Fig,J-l. instructions of, industrial workers or members of the public who may be ex posed to hazards. Excluded from this definition, however, are news releases, displays commonly known as safety posters, and bulletins used for employee education. (c) Classification of signs according to use--(1) Danger signs, (i) Danger signs Fig. J-X Danger Sign should be used only where an immediate hazard exists. There shall be no varia- ' in the type of design of signs posted am of specific dangers and radia tion hazards. (ii) All employees shall be instructed that danger signs indicate immediate danger and that special precautions are necessary. (2) Caution signs. (i> Caution signs shall be used only to warn against po tential hazards or to caution against un safe practices. (ii) All employees shall be instructed (3) Radiation warning signs, (i) Standard color of the background shall be yellow; the panel, reddish purple with yellow letters; the symbol, reddish purple; any letters used against the yellow background shall be black. The colors shall be those of opaque glossy samples as specified in Table 1 of Amer ican National Standard, Z53.1-1967. -REDDISH PURPLE Fig. J-3 Standard Radiation Symbol the panel, black with yellow letters. Any letters used against the yellow back ground shall be black. The colors shall be those of opaque glossy samples as speci fied' in Table l of American National Standard Z53.1-1967. (ii) Standard proportions shall be as indicated hi Table J-2, and format shall be as in Figure J-4. that caution signs indicate a possible -YELLOW hazard against which proper precaution should be taken. -REDDISH PURPLE (3) Safety instruction signs. Safety in struction signs shall be used where there is a need for general instructions and suggestions relative to safety measures. FigJ-2 Radiation Warning Sign (d) Sign design and colors--(1) De sign features. The colors, proportions, and location of the identification panels on each sign shall be in accordance with this paragraph. All signs shall be fur nished with rounded or blunt comers and shall be' free from sharp edges, buns, splinters* or other sharp projec tions. The ends or heads of bolts or other fastening devices shall be located in such a way that they do not constitute a hazard. When conditions warrant the use of a sign size not covered in the following tables, the ratio of the depth of the identifying panel (Danger, Caut"n, etc.) to the width of the sign shall (ii) The standard symbol shall be as in Figure J-3. Method of dimensioning, design, and orientation of the standard symbol (one blade pointed downward and centered on the vertical axis) shall be executed as illustrated. The symbol shall be prominently displayed, and of a size consistent with the size of the equip ment or material or area to which it is attached. (iii) Format shall be as in Figure J-2. Sign proportions shall be the same as those for danger signs in Table J-l. (4) Caution signs, (i) Standard color of the background shall be yellow; and' Sihwingecindihgteshhiszte phraeenicgeBthall,tanIWcgnRcuihdlaetrhs "hCelienWaigtcmtohherietrod,sonf" isbnsiMcegphanlawaoebcwxwslieedimohaptrfhevaoadairmginnilhe*gtl" 2117040xx1x22118040 22110084xxxX1214007 3342H*)K44HXxxIO1U2mR3P7SI*RHZH4IlOGNHTTAPLAPTATSITEPTRi.ENR.*! 33444Xx11S34X* l 13094HJ4*xx1x2117O30H)HH4 107J41x-6*4| ' 24 X19)* BFG30462 FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY. OCTOBER 18. 1972 22240 RULES AND REGULATIONS (5) Exit signs. Exit signs shall be In signs. It may be used as the background accordance with 51910.37 (q). color for the complete sign or as a panel (0) Safety instruction signs. (1) at the top of such types of "Notice" signs, Standard color of the background shall which have a white background. The be white; and the panel, green with colors shall be those of opaque glossy white letters. Any letters used against samples as specified in Table 1 of Amer the white background shall be black. ican National Standard Z53.1-1967. The colors shall be those of opaque (10) Slow-moving vehicle emblem. glossy samples as specified in Table 1 This emblem (see fig. J-7) consists of a of American National Standard, Z53.1- 1967. (ii) Standard proportions shall be as indicated in Table J-3, and format shall be as in Figure J-5. (7) Directional signs, (i) Standard color of the background shall be white: and the panel, black with white direc tional symbol. Any letters used against the white background shall be black. The colors shall be those of opaque glossy samples as specified in Table 1 of American National Standard Z53.1- 1967. (ii) Standard proportions shall be as indicated in Table J-4, and format shall be as in Figure J-6. (8) In-Plant traffic signs. Regulatory and control signs required for the safe movement of vehicles and pedestrians on thoroughfares on plant property shall conform to the standards established in American National Standard Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for fluorescent yellow-orange triangle with a dark red reflective border. The yellow- Streets and Highways, D6.1-1961. orange fluorescent triangle is a highly visible color for daylight exposure. The reflective border defines the shape of the fluorescent color in daylight einfi creates a hollow red triangle in Fig. J-6 Directional Signs the path of motor vehicle headlights at night. The emblem is intended as a unique identification for, and it shall (9) Informational signs. Blue shall be be used only on, vehicles which by the standard color for informational design move slowly (25 m.pJx. or less) THINK* e--a itfctaanig (Not*.- The word* "Thini" "Be Careful," glVtn here, tto (uJy HJuslratiffas. Other wordings may be used.) Fig. J-5 Safety Instruction Signs Table J-3--Standard Proportions for Sajett Instruction Skins Sign site. Green Word inches. rectangular "Think" height, panel, inches, height of width height, width letters, inches Maximum space available for sign wording below panel, inches height, width Sign sire. inches height, width 7 X 10 10 x 14 14 x 20 20 x 28 2Hx<m VA. x 1394 3Hx1994 4K x 2794 5'A 13H 9 x lift's 14Hx27H 10 x 14 14 X 20 20x28 Green panel, inches, height, width Word "Be" height of letters, inches Maximum Word space "Careful" available for height of sign wording letters, below panel, Inches indies, height, width 2x9M 4X13K Table J-4--Standard Proportions for Directional Signs Sign size, lucues height width Black White arrow, inches (iviauguiai------------------------ --------------------------------- panel, inches Overall Arrow head Arrow shaft height width length height width height 3MxU 4}?i 1! 3*2 x 4H 58 l 5N 6H x Oil Maximum space Arrow tail wording below height width panel height 01*1i9mH 694 Xx 23579%4 on the public roads. The emblem is moving vehicles. Neither the color film not a clearance marker for wide ma- pattern and its dimensions nor the back- chinery nor is it intended to replace ing shall be altered to permit use of required lighting or marking of slow- advertising or other markings. The ma terial, location, mounting, etc., of the emblem shall be in accordance with the American Society of Agricultural Engi neers Emblem for Identifying SlowMoving Vehicles, AHAS R276, 1967, or ASAE S276J2 (ANSI B1I4.1-1971). (11) Symbols. Symbols used on signs shall follow recognized practices, such as in Figure J-8. For radioactive ma terials, see symbol in Figure J-3. POISON- ELECTRICITY: Fig. J-8 Symbols Used on Signs (e) Sign wordings--(i) Examples of wordings. The lists in subparagraphs (3) through (7) of this paragraph are in tended to serve as a guide for choosing the correct sign design for the message to be displayed. (2) Nature of wording. The wording of any sign should be easily read and concise. The sign should contain suffi cient information to be easily under stood. The wording should make a posi tive, rather than negative suggestion and should be accurate in fact. (3) Danger signs. Danger--Keep Off, Electric Current. Danger--No Smoking, Matches, or Open Lights. Danger--Men Working Above. Danger--Not Boom Enough Here to Clear Men on Cars. Danger--Keep Away. Danger--Men in Boiler. Danger--Insufficient Clearance. Danger--2,300 volts. Danger--Keep Out. Danger--Crane Overhead. Danger--Keep Off. (4) Biological hazard signs. The bio logical hazard warning shall be used to signify the actual or potential presence of & biohazard and to identify equip ment, containers, rooms, materials, ex perimental animals, or combinations thereof, which contain, or are contami nated with, viable hazardous agents. For the purpose of this subparagraph the term "biological hazard," or "biohazard," shall include only those infectious agents presenting a risk or potential risk to the well-being of man. The biohazard sym bol shall be designed and proportioned as illustrated in figure J-9. The symbol design shall be a fluores cent orange or orange-red color. Back ground color is optional as long as there is sufficient contrast for the symbol to be clearly defined. Appropriate wording may be used in association with the symbol to indicate the nature or identity of the hazard, name of individual responsible for its control, precautionary informa- BFG30463 FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 202---WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1972 RULES AND REGULATIONS 22249 Table M--1 welded or brazed seam, defects at the "... (xv) The footring and headring of threaded opening, or from sharp dents, cylinders may become so distorted Cylinder size O.D. length (inches) DOT Specifica tion marking Nominal water capacity (pounds) Mlnlmnm allowable wall thickness (inches) digs, gouges, or pits. (a) To check for leaks, the cylinder shall be charged and carefully exam ined. All seams and pressure openings through service abuse that they no longer perform their functions; (a) To cause the cylinder to remain stable and upright, 14B240 4E240 . 4BA240 shall be coated with a soap or other suit (b) To protect the valve. Rings shall 289 239 239 a 128 .140 .030 able solution to detect the escape of gas. Any leakage is cause for rejection. be examined for distortion; for loose ness, and for failure of welds. Appear . lt*H2x32itf........ lVfiitWfa........ 4BA240 .030 (b) Safety relief devices as defined in ances may often warrant rejection of the 1910.167(a) (1) shall be tested for leaks cylinder. before a charged cylinder is shipped (d) Low-pressure cylinders subject to i Without longitudinal seam Oil) When the wall thickness of the cylinder at manufacture is not known, and the actual wall thickness cannot be measured, this cylinder shall be rejected when the inspection reveals that the deepest pit in a general corrosion area exceeds three sixty-fourths inch. This is arrived at by considering that in no from the cylinder filling plant. (x) After fire damage, cylinders shall be carefully inspected for evidence of exposure to fire. (a) Common evidences of exposure to fire are: (f) Charring or burning of the paint or other protective coat, (2) Burning or sintering of the metal, (3) Distortion of the cylinder, hydrostatic testing.--(1) Application. Cylinders covered in this section are lowpressure cylinders other than those covered in paragraph (c) of this section. They differ essentially from such cylin ders in that they require a periodic hy drostatic retest which includes an inter nal and external examination. Defect limits for the external examination are prescribed in paragraph (c) of this sec case shall the pitting exceed one-half (4) Melted out fuse plugs, tion, with exceptions for aluminum the minimum allowable wall thickness (5) Burning or melting of valve. cylinders shown in subparagraph (4) of which is 0.064 inch. When a pit measures 0.043 inch (approximately three sixtyfourths inch) in a corrosion area, gen eral corrosion will already have removed 0.021 inch of the original wall and the total pit depth as compared to the ini tial wall will be 0.064 inch. (iv) When the original wall thickness at manufacture is known, or the actual wall thickness is measured, this thickness less one and one-half times the maxi mum measured pit depth shall be 0.064 ' or greater. If it is less, the cylinder .be rejected. .v) Dents are of concern where the metal deformation is sharp and confined, or where they are near a weld. Where metal deformation is not sharp, dents of larger magnitude can be tolerated. (vi> Where denting occurs so that any part of the deformation includes a weld, the maximum allowable dent depth shall be one-fourth inch. (vii) When denting occurs so that no part of the deformation includes a weld, the cylinder shall be rejected if the depth of the dent is greater than one-tenth of the mean diameter of the dent. (viii) Cuts, gouges, or digs reduce the wall thickness of the cylinder and in addition are considered to be stress rais ers. Depth limits are set in this subpara graph; however, cylinders shall be rejected at one-half of the limit set when ever the length of the defect is 3 inches or more. (a) When the original wall thickness at manufacture is not known, and the actual wall thickness cannot be meas ured a cylinder shall be rejected if the cut, gouge, or dig exceeds one-half of the minimum allowable wall thickness as determined under subdivision (ii), (iii), or (iv) of this subparagraph. (b) The evaluation of fire damage by DOT Regulations state that, "A cylinder which has been subjected to the action of fire must not again be placed in serv ice until it has been properly recondi tioned", in accordance with 49 CFR 173.34(f) The general intent of this re quirement is to remove from service cyl inders which have been subject to the action of fire which has changed the metallurgical structure or the strength properties of the steel, or in the case of acetylene cylinders caused breakdown of porous filler. This is normally deter mined by visual examination as covered above with particular emphasis to the condition of the protective coating. If the protective coating has been burnt off or if the cylinder body is burnt, warped, or distorted, it is assumed that the cyl inder has been overheated and 49 CFR 173.34(f) shall be complied with. If. however, the protective coating is only dirtied from smoke or other debris, and is found by examination to be intact un derneath, the cylinder shall not be con sidered affected within the scope of this requirement. (xi) Cylinders are manufactured with a reasonably symmetrical shape. Cylin ders which have definite visible bulges shall be removed from service and eval uated. Cylinders shall be rejected when a variation of 1 percent or more is found in the measured circumferences or in peripheral distances measured from the valve spud to the center seam (or equivalent fixed point). (xii) Cylinder necks shall be examined for serious cracks, folds, and flaws. Neck cracks are normally detected by testing the neck during charging operations with a soap solution. this paragraph. (2) Preparation for inspection. Flam mable gas cylinders shall be purged be fore being examined with a light. Lamps used for flammable gas cylinder inspec tion shall be explosion proof. (3) Internal inspection. Cylinders shall be inspected internally at least every time the cylinder is periodically retested. The examination shall be made with a light of sufficient intensity to clearly illuminate the interior walls. (4) External inspection of aluminum cylinders. The Inspection requirements of paragraph (c) of this section shall be met, except as follows: <i) Aluminum cylinders shall be re jected when impairment to the surface (corrosion or mechanical defect) ex ceeds a depth where the remaining wall is less than three-fourths of the mini mum allowable wall thickness required by the specification under which the cylinder was manufactured. (ii) Aluminum cylinders subjected to the action of fire shall be removed from service. (e) High-pressure cylinders--(1) Ap plication. High-pressure cylinders are those with a marked service pressure of 900 p-s.i. or higher. They are seamless; no welding is permitted. The great bulk of such cylinders are of the 3A or 3AA types under DOT Specifications (49 CFR Ch. I). (2) Preparation far inspection, (i) Cylinders shall be cleaned for inspection so that the inside and outside surfaces and all conditions can be observed. This shall include removal of scale and caked paint from the exterior and the thor ough removal of internal scale. Cylinders with interior coating shall be examined for defects in the coating. If the coat (b) When the original wall thickness (xiii) Cylinder neck threads shall be ing is defective, it shall be removed. at manufacture is known, or the actual wall thickness is measured, a cylinder shall be rejected if the original wall examined whenever the valve is removed from the cylinder. Cylinders shall be re jected if the required number of effective (ii) A good inspection light of suffi cient intensity to clearly illuminate the interior wall is mandatory for internal i-'-'ckness minus the depth of the defect ss than one-half of the minimum al- . . able wall thickness as determined un threads are materially reduced, or if a gas tight seal cannot be obtained by reasonable valving methods. Gages shall inspection. Flammable gas cylinders & shall be purged before being examined with a light. Lamps for flammable gas SB der subdivision (ii), (iii), or (iv) of this subparagraph. be used to measure the number of effec tive threads. cylinder inspection shall be explosion proof. (ix) Leaks can originate from a num (xiv) If the valve Is noticeably tilted (3) Exterior inspection, (i) To fix cor ber of sources, such as defects in a the cylinder shall be rejected; rosion limits for aU types, designs, and FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1972 22248 RULES ,AND .REGULATIONS shall become effective on such date:or shn.ii apply in accordance with such limitation. .. (d> Notwithstanding anything in (1) High- and low-pressure cylinders: High-pressure cylinders means those cylinders with a marked service pressure of 900 p^s.i. or greater; low-pressure service. Users lacking. this experience and having doubtful cylinders should re turn them to a manufacturer of the same type of cylinders for reinspection. paragraph (a) of this section, if any cylinders are those with a marked serv (c> Inspection of loto-pressure cylin standard in 41 CFR Part 50-204, other ice pressure less than 900 pjs.i. ders exempt from the hydrostatic test than a national consensus standard in (2) Minimum allowable wall thick including; acetylene cylinders--(1) Ap corporated by reference in | 50-204.2(a) ness: The minimum allowable wall thick plication. This section covers cylinders of (1), is or becomes applicable at any ness means the minimum wall thickness the type that are exempt from the hy time to any employment and place of required by the specification under which drostatic retest requirements of the DOT employment, by virtue of the Walsh- the cylinder was manufactured. by virtue of their exclusive use in certain Healey Public Contracts Act, or the Serv (3) Dents: Dents (in cylinders) means noncorrosive gas service. They are not ice Contract Act of 1965, or the National deformations caused by the cylinder subject to internal corrosion and do not Foundation on Arts and Humanities Act coming in contact with a blunt object in require internal shell inspection. of 1965, any corresponding established such a way that the thickness of metal (2) Preparation for inspection. Rust, Federal standard in this Subpart L which is not materially impaired. scale, caked paint, etc., shall be removed is derived from 41 CFR Part 50-204 shall (4) Cuts, gouges, or digs: Cuts, gouges, from the exterior surface so that the sur also become effective, and shall be ap or digs (in cylinders) means deforma face can be adequately observed. Facili plicable to such employment and place tions caused by contact with a sharp ties shall be provided for inverting the of employment, on the same date. object in such a way as to cut into or cylinder to facilitate inspection of the 1910.165a Sources of standards. upset the metal of the cylinder, decreas bottom. This is important because ex ing the wall thickness at that point. perience has shown this area to be the Section Source (5) Corrosion or pitting: Means corro most susceptible to corrosion. 1910.156(a)- sion or pitting in cylinders involving the (3) Exterior inspection. Cylinders (U) _________ 1910.156(1)- NFPA No. 10-1970, Stand ard for the Installation of Portable Fire Extin- - gulshers. loss of wall thickness by corrosive media. There are several kinds of pitting or cor rosion to be considered. (6) Isolated pitting: Means isolated shall be checked as outlined below for corrosion, general distortion, or any other defect that might indicate a weak ness which would render it unfit for (J) ___________ NFPA No. 13-1969, Stand pits of small cross-section which do not service. ard for the Installation effectively weaken the cylinder wall but (i) To fix corrosion limits for all of Sprinkler Systems, are indicative of possible complete pene types, designs, and sizes of cylinders, and 1910.156 (k)- tration and leakage. Since the pitting is include them in this section is not prac (o) --.............1910.156(p)- NFPA No. 14-1970, Stand ard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Svstems. isolated the original wall is essentially intact. (7) Line corrosion: Means pits which are not isolated but are connected or ticable. Cylinders shall meet the require ments of this subdivision. Failure to meet any of the requirements of this sub division is of itself cause for rejection of (s) .................... NFPA No. 231-1970, Stand nearly connected to others in a narrow a cylinder. ard for Indoor General band or line. This condition is more (a) A cylinder shall be rejected when Storage. serious than isolated pitting. Line corro-, the tare weight is less than 95 percent of' 1910.157 _______ 1910.158 _______ NFPA No. 10-1970, Stand . sion frequently occurs in the area of ard for the Installation of Portable Fire Extin guishers. NFPA No. 14-1970, Stand intersection of the footring and bottom of a cylinder. This is sometimes referred to as "crevice corrosion." the original tare weight marked on the cylinder. When determining tare weight, be sure that the cylinder is empty. (b) A cylinder shall be rejected when ard for the Installation (8) General corrosion: Means corro the remaining wall in an area having of Standpipe and Hose sion which covers considerable surface isolated pitting only-is less than one- Systems. areas of the cylinder. It reduces the third of the minimum allowable wall 1910.159(a)- structural strength. It is often difficult to thickness as determined under sub (d)___________ 1910.159 (e) ___ NFPA No. 13-1969, Stand measure or estimate the depth of general ard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. NFPA No. 231-1970, Stand ard for Indoor General corrosion because direct comparison with the original wall cannot always be made. . General corrosion is often accompanied division (ii). (iii), or (iv) of this subparagraph. (c) A cylinder shall be rejected when line corrosion on the cylinder Is 3 Storage. by pitting. inches in length or over and the remain 1910.160 _____ - NFPA No. 17-1969, Stand (9) "DOT" means the U.S. Depart ing wall is less than three-fourths of the ard for Dry Chemical ment of Transportation. minimum allowable wall thickness or Extinguishing Systems. (b) General requirements--(1) Ap when line corrosion is less than 3 1910.161 ______- NFPA No. 12-1968, Stand ard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems. plication. (i) Each employer shall de termine that compressed gas cylinders inches in length and the remaining wall thickness is less than one-half the mini 1910.163 .......... - NFPA No. 72A-1967. Stand under his control are in a safe condition mum allowable wall thickness as deter ard for the Installation, Maintenance, and Use of Local Protective Sig nalling Systems for to the extent that this can be determined by visual and other inspection required by this subparagraph. mined under subdivision (ii). (iii), or (iv) of this subparagraph. (d) A cylinder shall be rejected when Watchman, Fire Alarm (ii) The requirements contained in the remaining wall in an area of general and Supervisory Service. this section are not intended to apply corrosion is less than one-half of the 1910.165b Standards organizations. to cylinders manufactured under speci minimum allowable wall thickness as de Compressed Gas Association, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10036. National Fire Protection Association, 60 B&tterymarch Street, Boston MA 02110. American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York NY. fication DOT (ICO-3HT (49 CFR Ch. 1). Separate requirements covering serv ice life and standards for visual inspec tion of these cylinders are contained in Compressed Gas Association Pamphlet termined under subdivision (ii), (iii), or (iv) of this subparagraph. (ii) To use the criteria in subdivision (i) of this subparagraph, it is necessary to know the original wall thickness of Subpart M--Compressed Gas and C-8, "Standard for Requalification of the cylinder or the minimum allowable Compressed Air Equipment ICC-3HT Cylinders." wall thickness. Table M-l lists the mini 1910.166 Inspection of compressed gas cylinders. (a) Definitions. As used in this sec tion: (2) Quality of inspection. Experience mum allowable wall thickness under in the inspection of cylinders Is an im DOT specifications (49 CFR Ch. 1) for a portant factor in determining the aocep- number of common size low-pressure tability of a given cylinder for continued cylinders. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOl. 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1972 RULES AND: REGULATIONS 22241 DimtMian Vail* . $ B c D EF H 3 4 6 II IS 21 30 Fig. Symbol for Biological Hazard tion, etc., but never should this informa tion be superimposed on the symbol. (5) Caution signs. Caution--Do Not operate. Men Working on Repairs. Caution--Hands Off Switch, Men Working on '.e. .on--Working on. Machines, Do Not otart. Caution--Goggles Must Be Worn When Operating This Machine. Caution--This Door Must Be Kept Closed. Caution--Electric Trucks, Go Slow. Caution--This Space Must Be Kept Clear at All Times. Caution--Stop Machinery to Clean, Oil, or Repair. Caution--Keep Aisles Clear. Caution--Operators of This Machine Shall Wear Snug Fitting Clothing--No Gloves. Caution--Close Clearance. Caution--Watch Your Step. Caution--Electric Fence. No Admittance Exceptto Employees on Duty. -1? (2): Definition*. . word ."tag" as No Admittance. No Admittance, Apply at Office. No Trespassing. Men. Women. ............. -used ,in;.this paragraph refers to a sur- rface i (usually card, / paper;: pasteboard, or some temporaryior nonpennanent ma terial).;on whicfLletters or markings, or. For Employees Only. both, appear. These letters or markings, Office. ' or both, are for warning "(cautioning) or Note: When sign wordings such as those safety Instruction of employees who may listed In this section are contemplated, care be exposed to hazards. They are to be should be taken, to be sure that they are suit affixed to the device in question by string, able for the particular location at which the wire, or adhesive. sign is to be placed and that wording meets (3) Do not start tags, (i) The stand the requirements of the intended purpose. When there la.a reasonable doubt, a sign of a standard design should be used. ard background color for Do Not Start tags shall be red. (See Fig. J-10.) (ii) Letters shall be white or grey or (f) Accident prevention tags--(1) etched, provided that a long lasting and Scope and purpose. (i> The tags are a sharp contrast results. temporary means of warning all con (iii) Do Not Start tags shall be placed cerned of a hazardous condition, defec in a conspicuous, location or shall be tive equipment, radiation hazards, etc. placed in such a manner that they effec The bags are not to be considered as a tively block the starting mechanism complete warning method, but should which would cause hazardous conditions be used until a positive means can be should the equipment be energized. employed to eliminate the hazard; for (4) Danger tags, (i) Danger tags example, a "Do Not Start" tag on power should be used only where an immediate equipment shall be used for a few mo hazard exists. There should be no varia ments or a very short time until the tion in the type of design of tags posted switch in the system can be locked out; a or hung to warn of specific dangers. (See "Defective Equipment" tag shall be Fig.J-11.) ; placed on a damaged ladder and immedi ate arrangements made for the ladder to be taken out of service and sent to the repair shop. (ii) All employees should be instructed that Danger tags indicate immediate danger and that special precautions are necessary. (ii) The purpose of this paragraph is (5) Caution tags, (i) Caution tags to establish a set of specifications for should be used only to warn against po tags based on experience and previous tential hazards or to caution against use. The tags are to be used in industry, unsafe practices. (See Fig. J-12.) mercantile establishments, or wherever (ii) All employees should be instructed such tags can be utilized to help pre that Caution tags indicate a possible vent accidental injury to personnel or hazard against which proper precautions damage to property, or both. should be taken. (6) Safety instruction signs. Report All Injuries to the First-Aid Room at Once. Walk--Don't Run. Report All Injuries No Matter How Slight. Think, If Safe Go Ahead. Make Your Work Place Safe Before Starting the Job. Report Ail Unsafe Conditions to Your Fore man. Help Keep This Plant Safe and Clean. (7) Directional signs. This Way Out (below arrow panel). This Way- (inside arrow) Out (below arrow panel). Fire Exit (below arrow panel). Fire (inside arrow) Extinguisher (below arrow panel). To the (inside arrow) Fire Escape (below arrow panel). To the (inside arrow) First Aid (below arrow "anel). ay (below arrow panel). Way to (inside arrow) First-Aid Room (below arrow panel). (8) Informational signs. No Trespassing Under Penalty of the Law. This Elevator Is for Freight Only, Not for Passengers. white letters on red square Fig. J.-10 Do Not Start Tag White tag white letters on red oval with a bjack square Fig. J-H Danger Tag yellow letters on a black background Fig. J-12 Caution Tag (6) Out of order tags. Out of Order background shall be black. The colors ?o tags should be used only for the specific shall be those of opaque glossy samples as (ft purpose of indicating that a piece of specified in Table 1, Fundamental Speciequipment, machinery, etc., is out of fication of Safety Colors for CIE Stand- * order and to attempt to use it might ard Source "C" American National,^' present a hazard. (See Fig. J-13.) .Standard Safety Color Code for Marking^ (7) Radiation tags, (i) The standard Physical Hazards and the Identification/-^ background for Radiation tags shall be of Certain Equipment, Z53.1-1967. . M yellow; the panel shall be reddish pur (ii) The method of dimension, design^*" ple. Any letters used against the yellow and orientation of the standard symbol FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1972 BFG30464 .22242 RULES AND -REGULATIONS (one blade'pointed downward and cen- tered on the vertical axis) shall be executed-as Illustrated in Figure J-14. The symbol shall bcpromlnentty displayed and of "a size consistent with the size of the equipment or area In which it is to be used. (8) Biological hazard tags. (1) The standard background color for the Biological Hazard symbol is optional as long also become effective, and shall be ap plicable to such employment and place of employment, on the same date. [36 F.R. 15105, Aug. 13.1971] Subpart K--Medical and First Aid 1910.151 Medical services and first aid. White tag white letters on black background Fig. J-13 Out of Order Tag RADIATION AcA c> Yellow tog yellow letters in reddish-purple pone! (Added wording in black on .yellow background) Fig. J-14 Radiation Tag White tag black letters on fluorescent-orange background and symbol Fig. J-15 Biological Hazard Tag (a) The employer shall ensure the ready availability of medical personnel for advice and consultation on matters of plant health. (b) In the absence of an infirmary. clinic, or hospital in near proximity to the workplace which is used for the treat ment of all injured employees, a person or persons shall be adequately trained to render first aid. First aid supplies ap proved by the consulting physician shall be readily available. (c) Where the eyes or body of any person may be exposed to injurious cor rosive materials, suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes and body shall be provided within, the work area for immediate emergency use. 1910.152 [Reserved] 1910.153 Sources of standards. The standard in 1910.151 is derived from 41 CFR 50-204.6. Subpart L--Fire Protection as there is sufficient contrast for the symbol to be clearly defined. The symbol design <see Fig. J-15) shall be a fluores cent orange or orange-red color. (ii) The biological Hazard tag shall be used to signify the actual or potential presence of a biohazard, to identify equipment, containers, rooms, materials, experimental animals, or combinations thereof, which contain or are contami nated with viable hazardous agents. (iii) For the purpose of this subpar agraph the term "biological hazard" shall include only those infectious agents presenting a risk or potential risk to the well-being of man. 1910.146 [Reserved] 1910.147 Sources of standards. The standards in this Subpart J are derived from the following sources: Sec: 1910.141- 1910.142 __ 1910.143 ______ 1910.144 ______ 1910.145 ' . (a)-(e) ... 1910.145(f) Source ANSI Z4.1-196B. Minimum Requirements for San* itation in Places of Em ployment. ANSI Z4.4-1968, Minimum Requirements for San itation In Temporary Labor Camps. ANSI Z4.3-1970. Minimum requirements for Non water Carriage. Disposal Systems. ANSI Z53.1-1997, Safety Color Code for Marking - Physical Hazards. ANSI Z35J-1969. Specifi cations for Accident Pre vention Signs, and ANSI B114.1-1971, Slow-Mov ing Vehicle Identifica tion Emblem. ANSI Z35.2-1968, Specifi cations for Accident Prevention Tags. 1910.148 Standards organizations. Standard and specifications of the fol lowing organizations have been refer enced in this Subpart J: American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 1001B. National Association of Plumbing and Me chanical Officials, 5032 Alhambra Avenue, Los Angeles. CA 90032. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, Post Office Box 229, St. Joseph, MI 49085. 1910.149 Effective dates. (a) The provisions of this Subpart J shall become effective on August 27,1971, except as provided in the remaining paragraphs of this section. (b) The following provisions shall be come effective on February 15, 1972: 5 1910.142(b)(2), (b)(5), (b)(7), (d)(6), (f). (g), (i) (1) and (2>- <c> Notwithstanding anything in paragraph (a), (b), or (d) of this sec tion, any provision in any other section of this subpart which contains In itself a specific effective date or time limitation shall become effective on such date or shall apply in accordance with such limitation. (d) Notwithstanding anything in paragraph (a) of this section, if any standard in 41 CFR Part 50-204, other than a national consensus standard incorporated by reference in 50-204.2 (a)(1), is or becomes applicable at any time to any employment and place of employment, by virtue of the WalshHealey Public Contracts Act, or the Serv ice Contract Act of 1965, or the National Foundation on Arts and Humanities Act of 1965, any corresponding established Federal standard in this Subpart J which is derived from 41 CFR Part 50-204 shall 1910.156 Definitions applicable to this subpart. (a) "Class A fires" are fires in or dinary combustible materials, such as wood, cloth, paper, and rubber. (b) "Class B fires" are fires in flam mable liquids, gases, and greases. (c) "Class C fires" are fires which involve energized electrical equipment where the electrical nonconductivity of the extinguishing media is of importance. (When electrical equipment Is deener gized, extinguishers for Class A or B fires may be used safely.) (d) "Class D fires" are fires in com bustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, and potassium. (e) Classification of portable fire ex tinguishers: "Portable fire extinguishers" are classified for use on certain classes of fires and rated for relative extinguishing effectiveness at a temperature of plus 70 F. by nationally recognized test ing laboratories. This is based upon the preceding classification of fires and the fire extinguishment potentials as deter mined by fire tests. Note: The classification and rating sys tem described in this section is that used by Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. and Under writers Laboratories of Canada and is based on extinguishing preplanned fires of deter mined size and description as follows: (i) Class A rating--Wood and excelsior fires excluding deep-seated conditions. (ii) Class B rating--Two-Inch depth gasoline fires in square pans. (Ill) Class C rating--No fire test. Agent must be a nonconductor of electricity. (iv) Class D rating--Special tests on specific combustible metal fires. (f) A "light hazard" is a situation where the amount of combustibles or flammable liquids present is such that BFG30465 FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1972 RULES AND -REGULATIONS: 22247 rr' at domestic connections or else- next inspection. Attention at tidy inspec competent personnel, following a sched t i with the sprinkler drains wide tion shall be given to any extension of ule. ' : v:. - . ,,;v - and under pressure. the hazard protected by.the system. i-> (v) At least semiannually, all high \(d) Maintenance of sprinkler system. (iii) The inspector's report, with rec -pressure cylinders shall ba weighed. If, A sprinkler system installed under this ommendations, if any, shall be filed with c at any time, a container shows a loss Standard must be properly maintained the employer or with whomever Is desig in net content of more than 10 percent, for efficient service. The employer is re nated by the employer.- -it shall be refilled or replaced. sponsible for the condition of his sprin (iv) Between the regular service con (vi) If, at any time, a low pressure kler system and must use due diligence in keeping the system in good operating condition. (e> Sprinkler head clearance--(1> tract inspection or tests, the system shall be inspected visually or otherwise by competent personnel, following an ap proved schedule. container shows a loss of more than 10 percent, it shall be refilled, unless the minimum gas requirements are still provided.- Type I storage. Clearance of at least 36 inches shall be maintained between sprinkler deflectors and top of storage to reduce the possibility of obstruction to the distribution of water. (2) Type 11 storage. Clearance of at least 18 inches shall be maintained be tween sprinkler deflectors and top of storage to reduce the possibility of (v) At least semiannually, all expellant gas containers shall be checked by pres sure or weight against the required minimurns. (vi) At.least semiannually, all stored pressure dry chemical containers shall be checked by pressure and weight against the required mirrimwmx (vii) Except for stored pressure sys (2) Maintenance. (1) These carbon dioxide systems shall be maintained In full operating condition at ail times. (11) Any troubles or impairments shall be corrected at once by competent personnel. 1910.162 Other special fixed extin guishing systems. [Reserved] obstruction to the distribution of water. tems, at least annually the dry chemical Other Fire Protection Systems (3) Type III storage. In sprinklered buildings, at least 18 inches clearance between sprinkler deflectors and top of storage shall be maintained. 11910.160 Fixed dry chemical extin guishing systems. (a) General requirements--(1) De sign. When dry chemical extinguishing systems are provided they shall meet the design requirements of the National Fire Protection Association's "Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing Sys tems" NFPA No. 17-1969 and the re quirements of this section. Safety requirements. Where there ; possibility that personnel may be eA*sosed to a dry chemical discharge, suitable safeguards shall be provided to insure prompt evacuation of such loca tions, and also to provide means for prompt rescue of any trapped personnel. (b) Alarms and indicators--(1) Gen eral. Alarms and/or indicators are used to indicate the operation of the system, hazard to personnel, or failure of any supervised device or equipment. The devices may be audible or visual. The type, number, and location of the devices gba.li be such that their purpose is satis factorily accomplished. The extent and type of alarm and/or indicator equip ment shall be approved. (2) Operation alarm. (1) An alarm or indicator shall be provided to show that the system has operated, that personnel response may be needed, and that the system should be charged. (ii) Alarms indicating failure of super vised devices or equipment shall give in the system storage container shall be sampled from the top center and also near the wall to determine the existence of lumps harder than will be friable when dropped from a height of 4 inches. (2) Maintenance. (I) These fixed dry chemical systems shall be maintained in full operating condition at all times. Use, impairment, and restoration of this pro tection shall be reported promptly to the employer. (ii) Any troubles or impairments shall be corrected at once by competent personnel. 1910.161 Carbon dioxide extinguish ing systems. (a) General requirements__(1) Design. When carbon dioxide axtingrrighing' sys tems are provided they shad meet the design requirements of the National Fire Protection Association's "Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems" NFPA No. 12--1968 and the requirements of this section. (2) Safety requirements. In any use of carbon dioxide where there is a possi bility that employees may be trapped in, or enter into atmospheres mads hazard ous by a carbon dioxide discharge, suit able safeguards shall be provided to in sure prompt evacuation of and to prevent entry into such atmospheres and also to provide means for prompt rescue of any trapped personnel. Such safety items as personnel training, warning signs, dis charge alarms, predischarge alarms, and breathing apparatus shall be considered. (b) Inspection and maintenance__(1) 1910.163 Local fire alarm signaling systems. (a) General requirements. Where lo cal fire alarm signaling systems are pro vided they shall meet the design require ments of the National Fire Protection Association's "Standard for the Instal lation, Maintenance, and Use of Local Protective Signaling Systems for Watch man, Fire Alarm and Supervisory Serv ice." NFPA No. 72A-1967 and the requirements of this section. (b) Fire alarm boxes--(1) General. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be ap proved for the particular application and shall be used only for fire protective signaling purposes. Combined fire alarm and watchman's signaling boxes are acceptable. (2) Mounting. Each box shall be securely mounted. (3> Distribution. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be distributed throughout the protected area so that they are unob structed, readily accessible, and located in the normal path of exit from the area. Additional boxes shall be provided on each floor to obtain a maximum hori zontal travel distance of 200 feet to the nearest box. (c) Maintenance. All systems shall be under the supervision of qualified per sons. These persons shall cause tests and inspections to be made at weekly inter vals, and shall have general charge of all alterations and additions to the systems under their supervision. 1910.164 Fire brigades. [Reserved] prompt and positive indication of any failure and shall be distinctive from alarms indicating operation or hazardous conditions. (c) Inspection and maintenance--(1) Inspection and tests. <i> At least annu ally, all dry chemical systems including alarms, shutdowns, and other associated Inspection and tests, (i) At least annu ally, all carbon dioxide systems shall be thoroughly inspected and tested for proper operation by a competent engi neer or inspector. (ii) The goal of this inspection and testing shall be not only to insure that the system is in full operating condition 1910.165 Effective dates. (a) The provisions of this Subpart L shall become effective on August 27,1971, except as provided in the remaining paragraphs of this section. (b) The following provisions shall be come effective on February 15,1972: equipment, shall be thoroughly inspected but shall indicate the probable continu 5 1910.157(C). and checked for proper operation by a competent inspector. ance of that condition until the next inspection. 5 1910.158 (to) and (c). 11910.159 (a). (t>),and (c). 5 1910.160(a). M) Hie purpose of the inspection and (iii) Suitable discharge tests ghH be 5 1910.161(a). ig prescribed by paragraph (c) of w~* section shall be not only to insure that the system is in full operating con dition but also to indicate the probable continuance of that condition until the made when any inspection indicates their advisability. (iv) Between the regular service con tract inspection or tests, the system shall be inspected visually or otherwise by (c) Notwithstanding anything In paragraph (a), (b), or (d> of this sec tion, any provision in any other section of this subpart which contains in itself a specific effective date or time limitation FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1072 22246 rules And regulations (iii) National (American) Standard be used whenever they will fit the local Fire Hose Coupling Screw Threads shall fire department hose threads; see stand be used whenever they win St existing ard for Screw Threads and Gaskets for equipment; see Standard for Screw Eire Hose Couplings, NFPA No. 194-- Threads Gaskets for .'Fire Hose Cou 1968. plings, NFPA No. 194-1968. (is) Hose connections should be on (6) Nozzles. Nozzles shall be of an ap the street side of buildings and shall be proved type. Size of nngi?ripg for small located and arranged so that hose lines hose shall be not larger fchan one-half can be readily and conveniently attached inch. (7) Dry standpipe identification. Each hose connection on dry staodpipes shall be provided with a conspicuous, durable, and permanently legible sign reading "Dry Standpipe for Fire Department Use Only." (c) Water supplies---(1) Minimum supply jor Class / service, <i) The mini mum supply for Class I sern.ee shall be sufficient to provide 500 gallons per min ute for a period of at least thirty (30) minutes. (ii) Where more than one standpipe is required, the minimum supply shall be 500 gallons per minute for the first stand pipe and 250 gallons per minute for each additional standpipe, the total supply not to exceed 2,500 gallons a minute, for a period of at least thirty (30) minutes. (iii) The supply shall be sufficient to to the inlets without interference from any nearby objects including, buildings, fences, posts, or other fire department connections. (x) Hose connections shall be desig nated by a sign having raised letters at least one inch in size cast on a plate or fitting, reading "Standpipe." (xi> If hose connection does not serve all of the building an appropriate and durable sign shall be attached indicating the portions of the building served. (d) Tests and maintenance--(1> Tests. All new systems including yard piping shall be tested hydrostatically at not less than 200 pounds per square inch pressure for 2 hours, or at 50 pounds per square inch in excess of the normal pressure when the normal pressure is in excess of 150 pounds per square inch. (2) Periodic inspection, (i) The tanks shall be kept properly filled, and where (ii) There shall be no shutoff valve In the fire department connection. (3) Support. Eire department connec tions shall be properly supported. (4) Hose connections. (i) Hose con nections shall be of approved type. (ii) Hose coupling threads shall con form to those used by the local fire department. National (American) Stand ard Fire Hose Coupling Screw Threads shall be used whenever they will fit the local fire department hose. (iii) Hose connections shall be equipped with caps, properly secured and arranged for easy removal by fire departments. (iv) Hose connections shall be located and arranged so that hose lines can be readily and conveniently attached to the inlets without interference from any nearby objects including buildings, fences, posts, or other fire department connections. % (v) Hose connections shall be desig nated by & sign having raised letters at least 1 Inch in size cast on plate or fitting reading for service designated: Via--"AUTO-SPKR." or "OPEN SPKR." (c) Sprinkler alarms--(1) General, (i) Waterflow alarms shall be provided on all sprinkler installations. maintain a residual pressure of 65 pounds pressure tanks are employed, a pressure (ii) An alarm unit shall include an per square inch at the topmost outlet of each standpipe (including the roof out let) with 500 gallons per minute flowing. (2) Minimum supply for Ctass II serv ice. The minimum supply- for Class H service shall be sufficient to provide 100 gallons per minute for a period of at least thirty (30) minutes. The supply shall be sufficient to maintain a residual pressure of 65 pounds per square inch at the top most outlet of each standpipe (including of at least 75 pounds per square inch shall be maintained at all times. Note: For further details, see Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection, NFPA No. 22-1970. (ii) The valves in the main connec tion to the automatic sources of water supply shall be open at all times. The hose valves should be frequently exam ined to see that they are tight. approved mechanical alarm, hom, or siren, or an approved weatherproof elec tric gong, bell, horn, or siren on the out side of the building or approved elec tric gongs, bells, horns, or sirens inside the building, or a catn.bitia.tLan. of such devices. (iii) All alarm apparatus shall be so located and installed that all parts are readily accessible for inspection, removal, and repair, and shall be substantially the roof outlet) with 108 gallons per Note: For further details, see Care of Fire supported. Outdoor mechanical or elec minute flowing. (3) Minimum supply for Class III service. The minimum supply for Class HI service shall be the same as for Class Hose, NFPA No. 198-1969. Fixed Fire Suppression Equipment 1910.159 Automatic sprinkler systems. trically operated bells shall be of weath erproof and guarded type. On each alarm check valve used under conditions of variable water pressure, a retarding de I service. (a) General requirements--U) De vice shall be installed. Suitable valves (4) Fire department connections. (1) sign. When automatic sprinkler systems shall be provided in the connections to One or more fire department connections are provided they shall meet design re retarding chambers, to permit repair or shall be provided for each Class I or quirements of the National Fire Protec removal without shutting off sprinklers; Class IH standpipe system. tion Association's Standard for the In these valves shall be so arranged that (ii) In high-rise buildings having two stallation of Sprinkler Systems NFPA they may be locked or sealed in the open or more zones, a fire department connec No. 13-1969 and the requirements of this position. tion shall be provided for each zone. section. (2) Waterfloto detecting devices, (i) (iii) Fire department connections shall (2) Water supply. Every automatic The alarm apparatus for a wet-pipe sys be properly supported. sprinkler system shall have at least one tem shall consist of an approved alarm (iv) There shall be no shutoff valve automatic water supply of adequate check valve or other approved water flow in the fire department connection. pressure, capacity and reliability. detecting alarm device with the neces (v) An approved straightway check (3) Fire department connection. A sary attachments required to give an valve shall be installed in each fire de connection through which a fire depart alarm. partment connection, located as near as ment can pump water into the sprinkler (ii) The alarm apparatus for a dry- practicable to the point where it joins the system. (vi) The pipe between the check valve and the outside hose coupling shall be equipped with an approved automatic drip, arranged: to discharge to a proper place. (vii) Hose - connections shall be ap proved type and shall be equipped with standard caps, properly secured and ar ranged for easy- removal by fire depart ments. . -Cviii) Hose coupling threads shall con- , form to those.used by the local fire de partment. (American) National Standard Fire-Hose Coupling Screw Threads shall system makes a desirable auxiliary sup ply. For this purpose, one or more fire department connections shall be pro vided in all cases. (b) Fire department connections--(I) Size. Pipe size-shall not be less than 4 inches for . fixe, engine connections and not less than 6 Inches for fireboat con nections, except that 3-inch pipe, may be used to connect a single hose con nection to a 3-inch or smaller riser. (2) Valves, (i) An approved: straight away check valve shall be installed in each fire department connection, located as near as practicable to the point where it joins the system. pipe system shall consist of approved alarm attachments to the dry-pipe valve. When a dry-pipe valve is located on the system side of an alarm valve, the actu ating device of the alarms for the dry- pipe valve may be connected to the alarms on the wet-pipe system. (iii) The alarm apparatus for preac tion and deluge systems shall consist of approved electric alarm attachments, actuated by a thermostatic system inde pendently of flow of water in the system. (3V Drains. Drains from alarm devices shall be so arranged that there will be no danger of freezing, and so that there will be no overflowing at the alarm appa- FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO, 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1972 i I 4 . i i ^ RULES AND REGULATIONS 22243 1 i small size may be expected. These quired during the more advanced stages gineering Corp.; Underwriters' Labora mi,, include offices, schoolrooms, of fire on the inside of buflettngs or for tories, Hie., or. (2) Federal agencies such churches, assembly halls, telephone ex exposure fire. . as Bureau of Mines, Department of the changes, etc. (m) Class H service: "Class H service" Interior: Department of Transportation; (g)' An "ordinary hazard" is a situa is a standpipe system which affords a or UJ3. Coast Guard, which issue approv tion where the amount of combustibles ready means for the control of incipient als for such, equipment. - or flammable liquids present is such that fires by the occupants of buildings dur fires of moderate size may be expected. ing working hours and by watchmen Portable Fire Suppression Equipment These may include mercantile storage and those present during the night time 1910.157 Portable fire extinguishers* and display, auto showrooms, parking garages, light manufacturing, ware houses not classified as extra hazard, school shop areas, etc. (h) An "extra hazard" is a situation where the amount of combustibles or flammable liquids present is such that fires of severe magnitude may be ex pected. These may include woodwork ing, auto repair, aircraft servicing, ware houses with high-piled (14 feet or higher) combustibles, and processes such as flammable liquid handling, painting, dipping, etc. (i> Sprinkler system: A "sprinkler system," for fire protection purposes, is an integrated system of underground and overhead piping designed in accord ance with fire protection engineering standards. The system includes a suit able water supply, such as a gravity tank, fire pump, reservoir, or pressure tank and/or connection by underground and holidays. (n) Class in service; "Class HC serv ice" is a standpipe system capable of furnishing the effective fire streams re quired during the more advanced stages of fire on the inside of buildings as well as providing a ready means- for the con trol of fires by the occupants of the building. (o) Standpipe systems: "Standpipe systems" are usually of the following types: (1) A web standpipe system, having a supply valve open and water pressure maintained at all times. (2) A standpipe system so arranged through the use of approved devices as to admit water to the system automat ically by opening a hose valve. (3) A standpipe system arranged to admit water to the system through man ual operation of approved remote control devices located at each hose station. () General requirements--(1) Oper able condition. Portable extinguishers shall be maintained in a fully charged and operable condition, and kept in their designated places at all times when they are not being used. (2) Location. Extinguishers shall be conspicuously located where they will be readily accessible and immediately avail able in the event of fire. They shall be located along normal paths of travel. (3) Marking of location. Extinguishers shall not be obstructed or obscured from view. In large rooms, and in certain loca tions where visual obstruction cannot be completely avoided, means shall be provided to indicate the location and intended use of extinguishers conspicuously; (4) Marking of extinguishers. If ex tinguishers intended for different classes of fire are grouped, their intended use shall be marked conspicuously to insure piping to a city main. The portion of the (4) Dry standpipe having no perma choice of the proper extinguisher at the sprinkler system above ground is a net nent water supply. time of a fire. work of specially sized or hydraulically See also paragraph (k) of this section. (5) Mounting of Extinguishers. Extin de^ -ned piping installed in a building, (p) Type I storage: "Type I storage" guishers shall be installed on the hangers s' ire or area, generally overhead, is that in which combustible commodities or in the brackets supplied, mounted in ai_ which sprinklers are connected or noncombustible commodities involv cabinets, or set on shelves unless the ex in a systematic pattern. The system in ing combustible packaging or storage aids tinguishers are of the wheeled type. cludes a controlling valve and a device are stored over 15 feet but not more than () Height of mounting. Extinguishers for actuating an alarm when the system, 21 feet high in solid piles or over 12 feet having a gross weight not exceeding 40 is in operation. The system is usually but not more than 21 feet high in piles pounds shall be installed so that the top activated by heat from a fire and dis that contain horizontal channels. Minor of the extinguisher Is not more than 5 charges water over the fire area; quantities of commodities of hazard feet above the floor. Extinguishers hav Notb: The design and installation of greater than ordinary combustibles may ing a gross weight greater than 40 pounds water supply facilities such as gravity tanka, be included without affecting this gen (except wheeled types) shall be so in fire pumps, reservoirs, or pressure tanks, and eral classification. stalled that the top of the extinguisheris underground piping are covered hy NFPA Standards No. 22-1970. Water Tanks For Private Fire Protection; No. 20-1970. Installa tion of Centrifugal Fire Pumps and No. 24^-1970, Outside Protection. (j) Sprinkler alarms; A "sprinkler alarm." unit is an assembly of apparatus approved for the service and so con structed and installed that any flow of . water from a sprinkler system equal to or greater than that from a single automatic sprinkler will result in an audible alarm signal on the premises. (k) Class of service--standpipe sys tems: "Standpipe systems" are grouped into three general classes of service for the intended use in the extinguishment of fire. (l) Class I: For use by fire depart ments and those trained in handling heavy fire streams (2^-inch hose). , (2) Class H: For use primarily by the building occupants until the arrival of the fire department (small hose). (q) Type II storage: "Type Hstorage" is that in which combustible commodities or noncombustible commodities involv ing combustible packaging or storage aids are stored not over 15 feet high in solid piles or not over 12 feet high in piles that contain horizontal channels. Minor quantities of commodities of haz ard greater than ordinary combustibles may be included without affecting this general classification. (r) Type III storage*. "Type ESI stor age" is that in which the stored commodi ties, packaging, and storage aids are non combustible or contain only a small con centration of combustibles which are incapable of producing a fire that would cause appreciable damage to the com modities stored or to noncombustible wall, floor or roof construction. Ordinary combustible -commodities in completelysealed noncombustible containers, may qualify in this classification. General commodity storage that is subject to fre not more than 3% feet above the floor. (7) Cabinet mounting. Extinguisher mounted in cabinets or wall recesses or set on shelves shah he placed in a man ner such that the extinguisher operat ing instructions face outward. The loca tion of such extinguishers shall be marked conspicuously. (8) Vibrating locations. Extinguishers installed under conditions where they are subject to severe vibration shall be installed in brackets specifically designed to .cope with this vibration. (9) Temperature range. Extinguishers shall be suitable for use within a tem perature range of at least plus 40s to 120* Fahrenheit. (10) Extreme temperature exposure. When extinguishers are installed in lo cations subjected to temperatures outside the range prescribed in this subpara graph, they shall be of a type approved or listed for the temperature to which they will be exposed, or placed in an en Class IH: For use by either fire d meats and those trained in han dle . aeavy hose streams or by the build- ing occupants. ; -. _. -.-y. quent changing and storage of combust ible packaging and storage aids is ex cluded from this category. . .-.--i (s) "Approved": "Approved" means closure capable of maintaining the tem perature within the range prescribed in this subparagraph! :r\b) 'Selection of extinguishers---{1} (1) Class I service; "Class I service" listed or approved by: (1) At least one General. The selection of extinguishers is a standpipe system capable of fur- of; the following nationally -recognized for a-given situationwill depend upon the nishing the effective fire streams re- testing laboratories; Factory Mutual En- character of the fires anticipated,'the j FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1972 i BFG30466 22244 RULES AND REGULATIONS construction and occupancy of the in dividual property, the vehicle or hazard to be protected, ambient-temperature conditions, and other factors. The num ber of extinguishers required shall be determined by reference to paragraph (c) of this section. (2) Selection by hazard, (i) Extin guishers shall be selected for the specific class or classes of hazards to be protected in accordance with the following para graphs. (ii) Extinguishers for protecting Class A hazards shall be selected from among the following: foam, loaded stream, mul tipurpose dry chemical, and water types. Certain smaller extinguishers which are charged with multipurpose dry chemical are rated on Class B and Class C fires, but have insufficient effectiveness to earn the minimum 1-A rating even though for building protection, plus additional Class B and/or Class C extinguishers. Where fire extinguishers have more than one letter classification (such as 2-A: 20-B:C>, they may be considered to satisfy the requirements of each letter class. (vii) Rooms or areas shall be graded generally as light hazard, ordinary haz ard, or extra hazard. Limited areas of greater or lesser hazard shall be pro tected as required. (2) Fire extinguisher size and place ment for Class A hazards. (i> Minimal sizes of fire extinguishers for the listed grades of hazard shall be provided on the basis of Table L-l. Extinguishers shall be located so that the maximum travel distances shall not exceed those specified in Table L-l. Table l-i to three foam extinguishers may be used to fulfill these requirements. (iii) The protection requirements may be fulfilled with extinguishers of higher ratings provided the travel distance to such larger extinguishers shall not ex ceed 50 feet. . (4) Fire extinguisher size and place ment for Class B fires in flammable liq uids of appreciable depth, (i) For flam mable liquid hazards of appreciable depth (Class B), such as in dip or quench tanks. Class B fire extinguishers shall be provided on the basis of one numerical unit of Class B extinguishing potential per square foot of flammable liquid sur face of the largest tank hazard within the area. Note: Appreciable depth is defined as a depth of a liquid greater than one-quarrer Inch. they have value in extinguishing smaller (ii) Two or more extinguishers' of Class A fires. Such smaller extinguishers shall not be used to meet the requirements of para graph (e)(2)(i) of this section. (iii) Extinguishers for protection of Class B hazards shall be selected from Areas to be protected per Basic Marirmim extinguisher minimum travel ...... extinguisher distances Light Ordinary Extra rating to ex- hazard hazard hazard lor area tingoishers occupancyoccupancy occupan- spetrified (feet) (square (square cy (square feet) net) feet) lower ratings except for foam extin guishers, shall not be used in lieu of the extinguisher required for the largest tank. Up to three foam extinguishers may be used to fulfill these requirements. (iii) Scattered or widely separated the following: bromotrifluoromethane, hazards shall be individually protected if carbon dioxide, dry chemical, foam, 3.000 Note l Note 1 the specified travel distances in subdivi loaded stream, and multipurpose dry chemical. Extinguishers with ratings less 6.000 9,000 11,250 3.000 4,500 6.000 Note 1 3,000 4,000 sions (i) and (iii) of subparagraph (5) of this paragraph (c) are exceeded. than 1-5 shall not be considered in de 11,250 9.000 6,000 Likewise, extinguishers in the proximity termining suitability. of a hazard shall be carefully located so (iv) Extinguishers for protection of Note 1: Not permitted except as specified in sub as to be accessible in the presence of a Class C hazards shall be selected from the division (ii) of this subparagraph. fire without undue danger to the following: bromotrifluoromethane, car (ii) The protection requirements spec operator. bon dioxide, dry chemical, and multi ified in Table L-l may be fulfilled by (5). Fire extinguisher size and place purpose dry chemical. several extinguishers of lower ratings ment for Class C hazards, (i) Extinguish Nors: Carbon dioxide extinguishers equip ped with metal horns are not considered safe for ordinary or extrahazard occupancies. (iii) Where the floor area of a build ers with Class C ratings shall be re quired where energized electrical equip for use on fires in energized electrical equip ing is less titan that specified in Table ment may be encountered which would ment and, therefore, are not classified for L-l, at least one extinguisher of the mini require a nonconducting extinguishing lise on Class C hazards. mum size recommended shall be provided. media. This will include fire either di (v) Extinguishers and extinguishing agents for the protection of Class D hazards shall be of types approved for use on the specific combustible-metal hazard. (iv) The protection requirements may be fulfilled with extinguishers of higher rating provided the travel distance to such larger extinguishers shall not ex rectly involving or surrounding electrical equipment. Since the fire itself is a Class A or Class B hazard the extinguishers are sized and located on the basis of (c) Distribution of portable fire ex tinguishers--Cl) General. Ci) The num ber of fire extinguishers needed to pro tect a property shall be determined as prescribed herein, considering the area and arrangement of the building or oc cupancy, the severity of the hazard, the anticipated classes of fires, and the dis tances to be traveled to reach extin guishers. (ii) Fire extinguishers shall be pro vided for the protection of both the ceed 75 feet. (3) Fire extinguisher size and place ment for Class B fires other than for fires in flammable liquids of appreciable depth, (i) Minimal sizes of fire extin guishers for the listed grades of hazard shall be provided on the basis of Table L-2. Extinguishers shall be located so that the maximum travel distances shall not exceed those specified in Table L-2. Table L-2 the anticipated Class A or B hazard. (d) Inspection, maintenance, and hy drostatic tests--(1) General, (i) The employer shall be responsible for such inspection, maintenance, and testing. (ii) For details of conducting needed inspections, proper maintenance oper ations, and required tests, see NFPA No. 10A-1970, Maintenance and Use of Port able Fire Extinguishers. (2) Inspection, (i) Extinguishers shall be inspected monthly, or at more fre building structure, if combustible and the occupancy hazards contained therein, Bade minimum Maximum travel quent intervals when circumstances re quire, to insure they are in their desig (iii) Required building protection shall be provided by fire extinguishers suit able for Class A fires. (iv) Occupancy hazard protection shall be provided by fire extinguishers suitable for such Class A. B, C, or D fire potentials as may be present. (v> Extinguishers provided for build ing protection may be considered also for the protection of occupancies having a Class A fire potential. Type of hazard extinguisher distance tn rating extinguishers Light..... Ordinary. Extra...... 4B 50 8B 50 12B 50 .Note: Where this section calls for minimum extin guisher ratings of 4-B, 8-B, or I2-B, the requirements may be metby existing extinguishers of multiple foam extinguishers as allowed by paragraph (c)(3)(ii) of this section. However, il a single extinguisher must be pur chased to fulfill such requirements, the next higher rating shall be used. nated places, to insure they have not been actuated or tampered with, and to detect any obvious physical damage, cor rosion, or other impairments. (ii) Any extinguishers showing defects shall be given a complete maintenance check. (3) Maintenance, (i) At regular in tervals, not more than 1 year apart, or when specifically indicated by an in spection, extinguishers shall be thor oughly examined and/or recharged or (vi) Combustible buildings having an occupancy hazard subject to Class B, and/or Class.C fires, shall have a stand ard complement of Class A fire extin guishers as required by Table L-l (ii) Two or more extmguisners or lower rating, except for foam extin guishers, shall not be used to fulfill the protection requirements of Table L-2. Up repaired to insure operability and safety; or replaced as needed. (ii) Extinguishers removed from the premises to be recharged shall be- re- BFG30467 FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1972 RULES AND REGULATIONS 22245 placed by spare extinguishers during the ing a hydrostatic test shall be at a test 1910.158 Standpipe and hose systems. ?od they are gone. .ii) Pails or drums of powder-extin guishing agents for scoop or shovel ap plication to metal fires shall be kept full at all times. (iv) Each extinguisher shall have a durable tag securely attached t- show the maintenance or recharge date and the initials or signature of the person who performs this service. (4) Hydrostatic tests, (i) If, at any time, an extinguisher shows evidence of corrosion or mechanical injury, it shall be subjected to a hydrostatic pressure test, or replaced. (ii) For evaluating the condition of extinguisher cylinders made to Depart ment of Transportation specifications (cf. 49 CFR Chapter I), see the Standard for Visual Inspection of Compressed Gas Cylinders (CGA C-6), published by the Compressed Gas Association, 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10036. (iii) At intervals not exceeding those specified in Table L-3 and subdivision. pressure of 300 pounds per square inch for a 1-minute period. Carbon dioxide hose assemblies requiring a hydrostatic test shall be atT test pressure of 1,250 p.si. for a 1 -minute period. (vii) Hydrostatic tests are not re quired on fire pails, pump-type water and/or antifreeze extinguishers, and factory-sealed disposable (nonrefillable) containers. If such an extinguisher or water pail shows evidence of corrosion or mechanical injury, it may be unsafe or unsuitable for further use and shall be replaced with a new unit. (viii) The hydrostatic test date shall be recorded on a. record tag or metal or equally durable material, or a suitable metallized decal which shall be affixed (by a heatless process) to the shell of an extinguisher which favorably passes the hydrostatic test. The record tag shall contain the following information: Date of test, test pressure, and name or initials of person or agency mairing the test. (a) General requirements--(I) Appli cation. Where standpipe and hose sys tems are provided they shall meet the design requirements of the National Fire Protection Association's Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Sys tems NFPA 14-1970 and the requirements of this section. (2) Closets and cabinets. Closets and cabinets used to contain fire hose shall be of sufficient size to permit the installa tion of the necessary equipment at hose stations, and so designed as not to in terfere with the prompt handling of the hose and equipment at time of fire. They shall be used for fire equipment only. (3) Protection of standpipes. Stand pipes shall be so located that they are protected against mechanical and fire damage. (b) Hose outlets--(1) location of hose, (i) Hose outlets shall be within easy reach of a person standing on the floor and in no case shall be over 6 feet from the floor. Hose stations shall be (!v) of this subparagraph, extinguishers Cix) For extinguishers subjected to an located conspicuously within the immedi shall be hydrostatically tested. The first original factory test pressure of 350 p.si. ate area and where not likely to be ob hydrostatic retest may be conducted be or greater, the test pressure shall be 75 structed. Hose may be located at one tween the fifth and sixth years for those percent of the factory test pressure (as side of the standpipe and supplied by with a designated test interval of 5 years. noted on the extinguisher nameplate), short lateral connections to the standpipe Table L-3 but in no case less than 300 p.su., see where necessary to avoid obstructions. Table L-4. For extinguishers subjected to (ii) For Class m service, the outlets HYDROSTATIC TEST INTERVAL an original factory test pressure of less for large hose shall be located in a stair FOR EXTINGUISHERS than 350 p.s.i., the test pressure shall way enclosure, and for small hose the Extinguisher type: Test interval year be 75 percent of the factory test pressure; see Table L-4. Pressure shall be applied outlets shall be located in the corridor or space adjacent to the stairway '"oda-acid .rtrldge-operated water and/or anti freeze 5 at a rate of rise to reach the test pres enclosure. 5 sure in approximately 1 minute, and the pressure shall be held for 1 minute, after (2) Hose connections, (i) Standpipes for Class I service shall be provided with Table L-3--Continued which it shall be released. 2 y^-inch hose connections on each floor. HYDROSTATIC TEST INTERVAL (ii) Standpipes for Class H service FOR EXTINGUISHERS shall be provided with 1 Vi-inch hose con Extinguisher type: Test interval HYDROSTATIC TEST PRESSURE REQUIREMENTS--NTJX-ICC nections on each floor. year SHELLS, SHELLS NOT SPECIFIED IK UA DEPART (iii) Standpipes for Class HI service Storage-pressure water and/or anti freeze 5 MENT Ot TRANSPORTATION" REGULATION'S, (TOSM BELT INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION") shall be provided with both a 2 Vi-inch and 1 Vi-inch hose connection on each Wetting agent...._____________________ Foam___________________________ ___ ______ Loaded stream 5 Dry chemical extinguishers with stain less steel shells, aluminum shells, or soldered-brass shells_________________ Carbon dioxide extinguishers__________ 5 5 S 5 Original Requires (actor? test hydrostatic tes pressure 75% of factory greater. test pressure. _ 350-399 p.S.l. 300 p-s.1. \below 350 75% of factory floor. The hose connections may be through one 2 Vi-inch hose valve and an easily removable 2 Vi-inch by 1 Vi-inch adapter. (3) Hose. Each hose outlet provided for the use of building occupants (Class Dr? chemical extinguishers with brazed-brass shells, or mild-steel shell 12 Bromotrifluoromethane Dry powder extinguishers for metal fires 12 12 Note: Cylinders under jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Transportation (formerly Interstate Commerce Com mission) may require hydrostatic test ing at more frequent periods. (iv) Nitrogen cylinders (or other cyl inders used for inert-gas storage), such as found on wheeled extinguishers, shall be tested at a 5-year interval. (v) On those extinguishers which are equipped with a shutoff nozzle at the outlet end of the hose, a hydrostatic test shall be performed on the hose with its couplings (but without the discharge le) at the test interval specified for unit ori which the hose is installed. (vi) The test pressure for dry chemical and dry powder hose assemblies requir Foam--500 p.si. factory test. Foam--350 p.s.i. tsetory test. Soda-acid--500 p.s.i. factory test. Soda-acid--350 p.s.i. factory test. Stoted-pressore or cartridge-operated water-type (includ ing antifreeze and loaded-stream). test pressure ____ 375. (x) Carbon dioxide extinguishers, nitrogen cylinders, and other cylinders or cartridges used for the storage of inert, compressed gases shall be hydrostatically tested in accordance with the require ments of the U.S. Department of Trans portation (formerly InterstateCommerce Commission); see 49 CFR Parts 171-190. (xi) Extinguisher shells, cartridges, or cylinders which show leakage or perma nent distortion in excess of specified limits, or which rupture, shall be removed from service. n and in services) shall be equipped with not more than 75 feet and prefer ably not more than 50 feet of approved small fire hose attached and ready for (4) Hose racks. Each station provided with small hose shall be equipped with an approved rack securely fastened in position*. (5) Hose valves. (i) An approved hose valve shall be provided at each outlet for attachment.of hose. (ii) Where the static pressure at any standpipe outlet for small hose exceeds 100 pounds per square inch, an approved device shall be installed at the outlet to reduce the pressure so that the nozzle pressure will be approximately 80 pounds p^ square inch. CJ 09Note: Pressure reducers are not required on standpipe outlets for 2V-inch hose be t/I cause It is assumed 2^-Inch hose will be attached only when the persons likely to u3e O it are trained in handling large streams. CO No. 202--Pt.H-------19 FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1972