Document 44XBRZem9QVEnVqJ7Lejmnpo1

ON WASHABLE OUTERWEAR Tlie Du INml water repellent retains its cITeelivcness through many launderings. it's ZELAN" for lasting water repellency Washable rainwear, storm coats, jackets and outerwear generally are now a reality, thanks to your demand and that of other consumers for clothes that can be laundered safely at home. But this promise of easy care is an empty one unless you can count on complete washability. And that means a water and stain repellent that lasts through re peated washings--"ZELAN" durable water repellent. So whenever you buy washable outerwear, look for the tag that means dependability--the tag that says the fabric has been treated with Du Pont "ZELAN". durable water repellent- #PDND u U V f"Al Off BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING . . . THROUGH CHEMISTRY Easy care is combined wilh good looks in ibis collodion of washable coals, all treated with "Zolan" durable water repellent. ilNwi Mi ,A ; 0 : A ;; 2; : I ; M: : S VOLUME 49 NUMBER 4 A good deal uf' > pans' i s I 1111 ; issue is devoled to some) bin!; you can't see, siwT. or Tool. We're riiki11about "Freon" (luorinufed hydrocarbon refrigerant ; ami propellents, This being the 2,2fli i:iiniv<`i'wiry vi'itr of "Fretm", it semis purl ieulutIv lit ting I hat wt! should foal uiv its uses in Ihe Mnifa-niv. As a result, \on'II find an article on ihe human benefits of industrial air conditioning, anullier on aerosol products, and a .irirf hisl orv of "Freon" ifs.-lf. When il ' came j i in r I o design I he eov HI', wo ipiickl.v agreed lhal we Wriiil ed :.o show "Freon". llere, li o w e v it . w e Humped s<ni;trely into I he problem of portraying a Mulwl.anee 1 liaf is all Init imper eeptihle. Ideas lor a design fumed out. In be alinoaf. ns elusive as `'Freon" itself. Hum mer advanced. anti as temperatures < repf. upward, we decided that a ei ivei baaed upon air cululii killing would keep everyone cool. II, worked lor us and we hope for yam. Meanwhile w-- goi news I hat the I )u Fold ('nmpaiiy is investing a lialf mil lion dollai's in tile nof -so-invisil,|e but ]id s it.ive future of '*Fieon". 'Pile money is be ing spent, on a new sales service lal-oralory near Wilmington where chemists will try to learn more about "Freon'" and il;. applt-a lions in ret'rigenii.ion. aerosols, plus: ics and oilier fields. Homo of I he researchers will he loading aerosol cans, some operating experimental moling units, and others searching lor new ways to use and handle a versatile pnxlurl lhal doesn't non| l.o be seen Io be appreciated. Nobody well, hardly anybody- run be uneonivrneil about gelling along with his hiiss. Aluitg this line. 1 lenry 15. dn Font, a viee-pri'sidenl of (he I )u Pont Company, offered ihe Allowing suggest ions in a recent speech l.o college gradual es: "Tala' (lie j<.*li nobody' else wants to do . . . I he employe who will tmeeriake wliai needs doit:;;, and do if cheerfully, is hound le make a hit with any boss. "Wliai you can give is more impurlaul In yu in flic- long run (.ban wind yam can get. . , . "What yon can hear is often mom import ant than wliai. you can sav ... a man who will listen, who will inform him self, who wall learn, is the kind ol man wdio is likely to regislor a hi! with his stipe*-ior under any oirrumstunees. "Hof your own objoolives . . . the American business system is founded on individual init ial ive, ami there is constant need for individual initiative Ihvous;hont. ils entire slniefure." ( He Betsy, (he rifle Davy .'rocket! uiislimg when he couldn't, grin his oppo nents In death, once (Irev fl'ie admiration iif lileui here I mice du Pont., founder ol our ('oinpany. ller.'ki Ihe .'.lory from /,//, of David Oor/vd putilished. post Innnotisly in IHtiS; `Next morning, I w;ts introduced to (he great pov\derniaker, Mr. tin i'out. who said to me Ilia! In' had been examining my fine gun. ant! I hat tie had wished to make me a present of half a dozen ennislers of his best spoi l.sm,ill's powder, I I hanked him and he wen I off. and in a, short lime returned with one dozen, nicely boxed up anil directed In me." PHOTO CREDITS i'.ic.i' Iniliom: I'lHirli'.-iv tv.ifisMiai Sim 1 : I Syr- SI. <*H' M'l : c `.mi i(.4\ h.i ,rUi'".i-sr \Hmim III.-.-, h.,u,..t t.-ft - llhii,i. r.'iifi.-i! Pi|; I! i<,|. Aulrjrt.-il > i';niip|.n i '<. *ii Am-i ii.i; It', li 1 f r. i<l .vsri'i, -m.l P.ijj. :'.-K kmrl i-?:\ U>0> A i `jiff'-' ' : ' I, Anu-.1 ** * I inhi'i 1' ij;.* "-"i. iii| i ,i-ll : f 'mm i'ujp.; n-fi rii.-hf. ...... . i l. 41 Trli'tilirm ` f,.-ilcH-;11< !- I'.i t -; '| pitd MUt I';!",. IH'I. r.Mi-tcpv H.I l:n: < ''u-ri,. v C nrn. 'mi -t<. s\ K.ivwj.4. r<nj. rnp.- ;:;t CHANCE OF ADDRESS I'l.-.t-.r Mini mm lieu ;nhli ;i:- |m> nptly ;|J"' l 1 i you v.iI! iml io,-" v.m -< Mail In: Ktlif.or, Du Iscml. fvhuK:,'/ina Wj!mini`ld>i 1IH, I )rl. Semi ,-l,| n. I'li---w,iS il u- iuw. i'!irl.iKiii|; ii vmir :oI.(li--r-. ItiSii'l will |>| j,riy,ivl 'lut: M-;s:Hg.>5tr uifh?.-; y<iii jv*> *.i*f * c ms '.i {h '-h .if in 2 'IAk in u 'ih k h iia t o k k in ih is - 'I'HIAI. WnUKl'tlXS fl lilSlNU caiKMlIIAt. S'l'AHH (> " F a k s u it i>; c o o k t n o " StpmKZKS etll.oli INTO Till*: MANMAliK I-'lHICltK H Nl<\V IEIUil/<lNS I tl,()()(! PltKT 1HIWN It) "U.u ir o n " o n ih :t v 12 Sp a r k t h a t t o o t iunman M (Iiv in c stmni, a n k w h a c k It! 11 I A li N KSSt N'(; Tilt.: X - ItA Y 18 Till* I il >M 11 TIM T KX1T.()l )K 11 INTO A $2.rii) MI I.IRON IU'SINIv SS 20 A ut>oi, 2f* \i*:.MiS i a t i'H . .. 21. A IJi'TTKR -lACKHT KC*Ii W1HK 22 $080 a rm.iNii.. a n d w o r t h it 2!! Ou k h o n c i t y ';: v liitTH: a h STltKtT 2d Til Os K N KW `I'tl I'TKIl C A H I'K'I'S 21) St HI*'AM Hi AT SKA 28 SoMiiTitiNi: n i*:w IN' p a in t s 20 Nmv muiii in y o u r k it c h h n 2t Rk s is i'a n c i*: I't.us 21 foi.oii HAS IJICKM WOliKIN' ON Tl IK HAtI.IS.OAl* 27 Wh a t 's Nt*;w ;!() AuKH'llI.rURAl.lA SlTlAKINl! .IAMKS II. Met 'OI.M li IK i- iiVv tlOHIX'N' tl. hk'STKH A'-:< H Dltf f-'.DlhH I'lJTli -.li.-fl :i!'ii :-n|ivr!'.h:r'.i I'Jii-ls K I ijyl'nrl. ( i' IWnuitin- y \ . .1 u-..', itiuinrJcuK I >1:1 - n:i'i'. \ 11 rsy'.hl.-- i'l'y.-! )-5-il. Tlii?. M:i;-,.-l --iiM' .r p.nt>; Ihvrt'i.1 it! tv no I in s't-jM-.v.'nirnTi in ,m\ !`<irn SUChoiM iHTmi;M-ni til 'iVHUn;I Ifotn l h.F -iut'liblw*i. I'rii.iiHl m 11 S.A. New studies shorn horn air conditioning5 emm mi a partial scale, pays off in- terms of higher production and healthier employes :' By HEINE . . Iint4n-kert ncasii*it*u,,r*^,- f Atitl,,, fLlnjsllmipllii lilv/fi-sl-l_ic3i`i o,#t 1J3i8.grtlMkrJlr8*.Aci ooo!ls*c1i One highly effective way of preventing fatigue among Ilia palace by packing snow into the space between its industrial .workers, Dr, Brouha believes, is through air double walls. For the next 1,100 years air conditioning conditioning. Moreover, even measured solely in terms of remained the "property of-sadrprivileged citizens;................. human eomibrtvradustrial air 'conditioning saves money,'he - Today, air conditioning has descended from the throne says. And he lias some convincing statistics to back him up. to become a necessary comfort .to most of ns. But while Comes the obvious objection; "But our buildings we've been learning, since the 1930s, to expect it in public; panH- lip q |*< rvvnrtifiniififl f! HPlii*T,ta3ci a wnv nfriiiTiH p-viaii -f-Jia-f- buildings and to want it in our homes, moat of ns still difficulty. When it's not feasible to air condition an entire consider air conditioning less than essential. plant. Dr, Broulm suggests giving workers start rest peri In Si3\rsi modem indJisJoesj on tlie otlier JijuitiLy. air ods in air-conditioned "recovery rooms" several times a day. conditioning has long since proved its dollar value for keep-' Such rooms, he says, are parfimlsrly needed in the ing -materials and. machines in good working order. We so-called "hot industries," like metal making, where men reported on some new uses In our June-July 1954 issue. work in temperatures as high as 15CFF. . But only recently has anyone m industry paid much at The Aluminum Company of Canada Ltd, Installed tention. to the potential help air conditioning offers the air-conditioned recovery mams in several of its smelting third "in" of production--men, ' plants in 1946, Dp Brouha ran tests to compare fatigue One person who is paying attention is Dr, Lucien A. Brouha of tha Du Pont Companys Haskell Laboratory who rested in the plant or outside in the shade. for Toxicology and Industrial Medicine* For the last ten- In, a typical study, the average heart rate of men years he has been studying the effects of high working after three minutes rest in the air-conditioned room was temperatures on men. His goal is to reduce stress and 97 beats a minute. Average for men who rested In the shade 'TatiiU0''md'''taius''to''''proin'otB''''better'1aitli.............................. ""waB'T09""beats'"H""minute;""close""to""what""Dr..Brauha""caliH" iiig at flv4i*initntt* intervals, in room temperature 72 I*',, 11 graph of Ills heart rate is notch like llio him* line above. If tin; room is 100l'\, heart rule leaps upward (red line). Recover}' heart rule of 110 u minute hits fatigue zone. the alarm level. When hia heart is still beating about 110 times a minute after a minute of rest, a man is likely to complain about being tired. He has readied the alarm level. But fatigue control should start long before this point is readied. Dr. Brouha says. In Iris studies, now being carried on and expanded for Du Pont, Dr. Brouha has collected data which show that air conditioning, even on a partial scale, represents a good investment for industrial plants. The Aluminum Company of Canada reported a sharp drop in absenteeism and rate of turnover among employes after the air-conditioned rooms were used. And produc tion increases alone soon far outweighed the total over-all cost, of the installation. MEN SPEND PHYSIOLOGICAL CAPITAL A man, as Dr. Brouha looks at him, owns a "physio logical capital" which lie spends as he works. Whim he works too hard and too long withoul it n;<!., lit? is forced into debt. In physiological terms, a man gets progressively fatigued when certain bodily function.*;- like heart rale, blood pressure and oxygen consumption.. do nnl return to their lower level after each work period. The reason air conditioning can make a difference in In most "hot" industries, such n* steel making (right), il would In* inpractical>le to u!r condition the* entire work urea. To protect men from fatigue caused by exposure to very high temperatures, Dr. Ilrotilnt suggests installing air-conditioned "recovery riMitns" where workers <`il lake several brief rests dur ing the <luy. Tills reduces stress. ;1 workers' well being ami production is that a (lintel, eonnee high tempera I ures. Therefore I>v. Iimuhu chucks si lion exists between heal, and fatigue, All of o h an* well logical stress of men under working conditions in varies:: aware that we seem to tire mure quickly when we- work I )ii l'ont plan Ik Ix'.fore. suggesting how long mid hew in a warm environment than in a cooler one This is true, frequent rests should he. physiologists led us, beeause working in high i.empem turns produces more stress than working in a cooler environment, There nr*; other envirotimcula; handicaps besides high tempera! ures. "'Tarnt the heal, it's I in himiidil y'* is slid does. Therefore, fatigue appears sooner. If we stay m sur a valid observation. I lore again air conditioning can help. roundings with a temperature above nnr I>o<Iies When workers rest in flic dry almosphere of air-condi do not return to their lower physiological 'evels even tioned moms, their com lor), is increased and they recover when we rest. faster and more fully. When we an; too tired, we work slower and with more Recovery rooms arc not the only form of partial air effort, yet. make more mistakes. .In industry, fatigued conditioning that has proved effective in industry. At workers are a safety hazard In themselves and others. several Du I'unf plants, parlieuk tiy in winner regions, They wreck the teamwork so essentia! to smooth -running portions of I he work areas arc air enmlit.iotieil both to improve operations and msitilaiu product quality. J >r. Brouha's studies of men Cron, Ihcse plants show that, in addition, cooler working enntlilions I dp protect workers' healt h There is less evidence id* physiological stress among null who work ill relatively cool climates or in air condil ioned buildings than among men who wotk in nigh iempera- 1 ures and humidifies. Air conditioning was included in the designs lor ! mildings a t one of I )u Pout's now plants which began operating a couple of years, :>jy>, Originally the air conditioning was intended to coni nil humidity. Temperahirer, wore kept about i.cn degrees below 1 hose oidside. Largely on She basis of Dr. Brouha's reconii net illations, engineers and plant man agers decided to (rv keeping temperatures near 70 F.. even when oulside temperatures were 20 (, 25'' higher. Tin: same humidity love! was kept. Results, after nearly two years, have been Tighly satisfactory. In many buhisl rit s I extile manufac ture, for example it's possible and practi cable to air rendition on(ire buildings. In indusl rie.s where air oi nidi I inning is gaining accepl mice as it product improver, studies of health records could hr ex per fed to ohow that workers an: benefiting. too. in ("act, advan tages in terms nf employes* health anti mor I .nusiifil device rulleil a I ,a urn I 'Ist form., oil*1 of only Ih o in fix rid. ale may well become a. big plus value of helps Hr. liroiifiii measure flow iiiurli energy il fakes l<> perform a tusk. air conditioning. < hie of the most, widely believed ideas alioiif air conditioning is Unit our bodies suffer if we go hack and fori 11 between coni production lines. The goods they spoil reduce profits or areas and much warmer ones. Dr. Brouha's studios effec make it, necessary to raise prices. From f ile human stand tively discount this belief. Medical histories of several point, these workers an: likely f.o he unhappy liecati.se they are overtired. Anri eventually their health as well Uiunsaiiil workers who were involved in fa I iguo studies show no ill effects from sudden temperature changes. as their morale may he nlloi led. I Ini versify of Illinois scseiii ist.s reached a similar conclu In Dr. .1 Imuha's laboratory, a young assistant sits sion after performing tests with both normal persons and quietly while a recording machine. I races his heart rate. cardiac pal kails. The assistant has just jiuisliud five niimd.es* pumping on But in tli*' end, physiological data can only fell pari; a stationary bicycle. The length of time it taken for his of the story of air conditioning. The hemjfits in terms of heart .rate to return to normal is a convenient measure of how much better a man feels are no less real because they I he physiological cost of such wort; I o him. ore inlaiigible. .From data collected in such experiments as well as in industrial situation f)r. Bronha can judge work loads As Dr. Broulia says, "It is still true for many met' that they corn l.heil* (ood by the sweat. .,! their brows, and heat, loads that, produce fatigue Btn today sweat can be controlled and stress held within .Individuals vary' widely in their ability to withstand healthy and sale physiological limits.'' 4 [llastiri/or in samples of \ imi slioitiipy Du I'nul adipic arid is :tn impm-laiil iii"r< ilion! In plasticizer?, lor vitivl plastics. o 111 I I 'mil V I'olv chemicals I )<*|il.. : t If it :i nsi of look nl ils catalog of rlicmii-ala, is;.p.;od tlrve as most likely (o make sizable pains in the next, lew vears. Tin-y are adipie acid. "I lex.t.m" eyi loliexaiiiil and "1 lyUol" () evelohexa mne. Adis'ie. "I lexnlin ' and "I lyt<>!" O haw hern derived limn coal lar lor years. Iml iheir swim; into prominence sva it ed tor I he nappe i >1 nylon. Once used jiri i .ispally a.*; elienneal trlcrmediafes in the mnmilac! lire of "Zy lei'' nylon res.n and ivlnn yarn, lliev ai'" now fill 'lod<;ed members in iheir uwi tiuhl of I hi I 'mil.'s elr'inieal family MA l SKS lb HAhTM'S Take adipie acid, for example, Nearly every major enIerpri.se lias Koine |Mtleali:il use for tins while crvsl alline arid. Key uses a-e in ( lie liekl of pinsl irs. for lnakine; plan lieirers for vinyls and nliier h y iiIliet.ie rnsins.'Tile cheniHd ilulnsl rv uses adipic lor s\ nl liosiziiu; sin h lompoimds as sails, osiers. ; midi s. nil riles, dian'-lnes, plycnls and ketones. The arid serves (he electrienl ('ey! as an litt.ei mediate for ek-el ne.nl insulation ivsm;,. The aviaiion indusr ry "s in debted to flic aeitl. (no. as it is used lit makosier lubes as well as so;.liny and eriulkiii:;' eoinpeiiiitls 'or fuel (.auks. ''I lesalin"" e\AnhexniKit is technically defined as a cyclic ali[iliat.ie secondary alci dml. " I lexaliu" has I teen used in make pfast ieisers. as a stabilizer raid luimoyenizer lor soap and defurjynf emulsions; as a solvent, for a sizable lid of producls including oils md waxes, dyes, lacquers, shellacs and varnishes; as an mienni'diale for (ir-lrolcum adihiives: and art ingredient in dry cleaning fluid. The lliird of Ibis promising trio. "Hyirol" 0 cyclo hexanone. :s another wafer white liquid. "1 lyfroj" O is. lirsl and foremost. I slrony solveul. If has a Ingle boiling point and is valuable in making adhesives .-aid as a I burner lor (itiishi's. espeeially I hose eontaiiimy tiilroeellulr.se or polyvinyl chloride and ils c ipnl\ mors. iif.iih \m; onii ii rossmii.mi'is or itiitHii i\it h k s t As o'teri happens when a chemical is used steadily in a lew major ways, lesser known applications are some t tines sidel raeked. Adintr acid has (.lie propertiiy; neei I 'd for many of her jobs. For example, il is an intermedinl e for Itifnii aline oil additives. "'I lexaliu" looks promising as a degreasing agent. for a variety of sueli ehing's as inei.il, leal her ;md furs, anti as a solvent in polishes. Tito possibilities of "1 ly t re!" I > -u, a solvent alone have hardly been I>h ohed. If any of these a.ipiieal ions or nf.her uses tor these chemicals sound hileresl ini.',, we will he glad lo send you lei-hitie,-il data to speed vonr work and studles. COLOR INTO THE MAN-MADE FIBERS Lust time tee metttianefl the Harutar. this pressure (lveiiii>' intichffie n'. still in the Itilxnalorv. Here's tt report on its industrial debitl fly CKOKRK NKli.sON A few \ ears ago, so (Ik * si m y goes, a now m;in-madc liber emerged I rum Ihe lahorniory am- was turned over to Du Pont':; i frgauir < lliomieai.s I )epl. ` Kind a way to dye it." the liber nn*i: askeo. To (.In- chemists the challenge was loo familiar. '`.Someday,'' one of them threatened, "we're going I.u inveiil. a dye that won't, si ick l.o anything an(l toil those people lo fine a lilier it 'll work on!" The i.ltreal. never Pad to he carried out. Ifvef.l.ttally. the teamwork ut <iye specialist, textile chemist, and mechanical engineer found a sal is fat `fury way to dye this and nloer new fibers. The difficulty was (.Ids: Most, dyeing is dune in wafer systems, vet out: ni the big advantages of synthetic fibers is I hat they resist wafer. Therefore, I hey do tint readily i rcepl, dyes. Soimit hilly; Was needed l.o make them mure r<*u`{i1 ive. Due way around this obstacle is to use an expensive cilendcal earner I.tt help flic liber pick up the dye. Another way is to (lye the liber al, l.empenif.mvs a I wive the boiling point ol water in a pressure vessel. 'lids sind of pressure dyeing- much the saint* process. as preparing your meals ill a pressure conker...works fine fur yarns, since yam dyeing mneliiiies are readily adapted In if. 1 hit woven fabrics made of mate made tillers present a different problem, pari ieukniy where dark shades are desired. Dyers need a method of dyeing them in bill width, without, folding or tension which might make !he dyeing job uneven. And machines normally used for fabric, dyeing were not easily adapted lo pressurizalion. i lit Id*'. I*. S in-UK AIIIC IIS I IMS If The Du I'oltf. < '.i iinjiauy. wishing 10 extend the useful ness cf its now libers, assigned mechanical engineer I 'mil Dole to flic problem. (Its invention the Barol or (from fhe D, reck won Is hints, meaning pressure, and rotor, meaning lo revolve! went, ini o operation a I, Du Font's Te.*d iie Fibers Labor,dory in ITT. There its performance brought, improving nods from the dyers 'Tin* next slop was to see how if poi-formen in commercial opernl ion. I hi I'ont. as i( had done earlier wit ii die pud steam method for continuous dyeing of cotton, lii ensed several companies to make the Haro!or on a non royalty 1 main. Tin* first commercial installation of a machine was made, at Wald rich Dompany, a commission dyer in Deluwaiin;,. N. *1. For nearly two years the Wald rich Ha rot or has h<*en working line, mostly in dyeing fabrics of "Dacron" polyester liber for use in dress goods and outdoor wear. Other companies, including two fabric, manufacturers, report that Re colors insl ailed in their plants save them up to seven cents a yard over (In* chemical carrier method id eyeing fabrics of "Dacron". In addition, it gives them improved dyeing qualify. The ISarolor consists. it part, of a huge rv;iudrir.-J autoclave. Inside is a cage of gleaming rods on which t.he full width of the fabric is loosely draped. Into the Rand,or go hoi water, wotting agent and dye solution. The temperature is raised to Wit) T'. and i.he cage revolves inside, the autoclave at. I he rale- of about, two and a half limes a mi mile. With each I urn of the cage, the fabric advime.es a small distance will ion I being under any tension. During the dyeing operation, and wifhotil interrupting it, i.-paralore use a special device to remove sample,*, of the fabric for lesling. When dyeing is completed, a scouring solo'ion removes dyeing assistants and I he small amount, of unfixed color. si It HIT I IS IMItM tt CVU.K The whole operal.ion, including loading, dyeing, scouring ami unloading, takes aboul live hours. The average Tad is a boo I I ,(100 yards of fabric. While two men are required to operate* a Burntor, they can run several machinist .simultaneously without diilicnlfy because of the operating cycle. Major modi'icat ions in the Rarolor have not been urn ssary since, early development, days, flue Haw that, did show up was the excess friction Imtween flu- ends of I he bars and Ihe slots i-hcv ride in. The use of "Telle,o'' letndhioroethylene resin in (lie bushing's solved that. Although used mostly in dyeing fabrics of "Dacroti" so far, the .Rurolot- and oilier pressure dyeing machines are successful with a variety of other filters, alone or in blends. Du Foul. "l.iit.yl" dyes, developed es.pei ially tor fabrics of "Dacron". work tine in the new machines and so do "Hex rorf' dyes for dot h of "Orion" acrylic (il:er. These newly developed colors give high light fast ness and washing fast ness, l it addition lo developing (nrmulas for fabrics of one fiber, the i)u Font 1 lyes Division has worked out a range of formulas lor pressure dyeing fabrics of man made and nnlural fiber blends. These new formulas and the rapid development, of pressure, dyeing techniques art*, helping the new libers mod. the dictates of fashion with a wider range nf colors than ever before. n Seismic crews are explorers \\ hose jolt it is 1 < open 1 blast (opposite) > his answer. liy ,! II SMIH'KKit. II I M-:\VTn\VN. N. I >. ,\ewl.im 11, .ir-1 its n;iin(' implies, is young. II vs is Iwm fflira Hie spreading (larrisnn I ):im reservoir in real nil N>)i f.ii Dakota I meed ihe abgmdonmeiil of two nearby xillugcs. In iis short lift*. however, Newtown has seen n lot, of exrilenient. I ,ike the Iio o m'Imvrs of I he iitnel cent Ii con fury, I his village had no time ftir a pirn id babyhood. Before ii. r(inched ihe lorn; pa r-l y stage. men found oil in flic hits; l.n (.he west.. Today that search jars the countryside in 110th a lii era I ami Ii aural ive sense. The roar of trucks at (i n.m. breaks Ihe early morning; si loner* of I lie link* town. The II Iruoks, si.rikuig out for another day's work, belong io Sl.anoliml Oil nub < las <'ompum''ii Seismograph Party No. ft. On I his pari icular day the lb men will continue `lu* quesl for oil in a small section of (.he van!. VVillislon Busin. The has u covers a ma jor purl ion of North and South l );tkof a. eastern Monl.an i, and sou i.hern Saskatchewan and Mandolin, < 'aiiado. 11 is one of (he la ryes I .geologic has ins not yet fully explored for nil. Oil exploration .ue.fi v it y began here in the 1!)20s, .No i-one.*iit.:aloil search, however, was made unl.il alter the spring of i!ifiI when Ihe first produi mg well was drilled near Tioga, N. 0. I'hen some 21) major oil companies and many more independent operators Hooded the basin with seismograph crews, landmen, j;'<'oli>gi*.:l.-, (grilling crews and petroleum engineers. The landmen leased tracts ol land from fanners and ranchers. Next, l,lu*. geologists and seismologists sur veyed Tie .....ii i fry to del ermine likely drifting.; rules. 'The drilling; erews followed, sinking.;' holes as deep as 10,000 feel to find the pay sum*. .1 f drilling proved successful, petroleum engineers sel l,he limits of Ihe held and maximum allowable production per well in order to prolong I,he* life oi the held. Today more than f>0!> well-, are producing oil in North Dakota alone. 1 Voilnelion is ahnul `-'0.000 barrels a day. StanolindYi parcnl company, .S!ail*lard Oil Company of Indiana, leeently stalled o|icral ing a new 20,000 barrel a day oil rcanery at Manikin, N. I). This relinery un doubtedly will cause an increase in oil explore i.ion, drilling; and production. Hut lei's drink our morning coffee and catch the last I ruck on ils wav to flic held. What does a .seismograph crew e.oV And how dees (his w-oi'k lit in with ihe drilling; of an oil well? Heading.; out of Newtown, Party No. d turns wesl mid crosses the Mis,vouri River, e.nle.rinj.; the Fort 1 k*r( hold. Indian Ileservalion. Afler jolting over -10 miles of rough ranch road, the crew reaches the work area. Only thick prairie grass covers the rollings hills. 201) FOOT HOI KS TO "USTKN" I OK Oil, With three Muck moulded drills, crew members begin drilling; lour-ant I-one-half inch holes 2(10 feel deep. These are strung out a quarter of a mile apart across Ihe prairie. Meanwhile, the cable truck spreads seismic defection "jugs" at specified intervals lielweci*, drill holes. Soon the shooting truck pulls up to the firs! hole and lowers about 2b pounds of I hi Pont ``NitramoiT' S blasting agent, t.o (lie hoi him. I'reparations for taking the lirsi seismic record of the day a it complete. "t.live me the lirsi. shot,'' Wayne Dixon, the recording truck operator, calls over I lie intercom. ``Heady, one, two, lire," shooter I high (luinil answers, lie pushes the blasting machine plunger, defoliating (ho shot, The. shock wave generated by the explosion of ``Nitraiimn'' 8 runs through Ihe earth. As it hits various geological for mat ions. it. bounces hack to the suit ace de tectors. The lime d takes for this to happen is registered on photographic paper in the recording truck. " `Nilrnmon' 8 really f is our need for a sn'o. ermyf.o handle* explosive for soismographie work," Hugh < luinn snvs The "Nitmmon" S and I )u Pont 81\N sialic resistant, caps, ho believes. make an ideal charge for use in deep holes where wafer pressure musl he overcome and de pendability and accuracy are required. Buck in Newtown, the seismologist plots a cross section of 1 lie geologic formations I rom I he i hues t hat elapse he fore various shock leaves return t.n the surface, liy combining a number o( records, he draws a contour map showing the like'ihood of oil hearing,' structures many thousand a of fed. below the surface. MVNY PIUS IS... I As a direct result of such records, the party's company drilled Now Year Many Bills No. 1 nil well, 'This well shares its colorful name with flic Indian on whose properly it. i: local ed. The second well in I hi* Hamah Field, if was drilled to pinpoinl one of the extremities of the area. 'Phe >Sf anolind crew will come in this evening hot and tired al l or a full day under I he blazing North Dakota sun. But. I heir job is not without, sal Lslacl.ions. They shun* in the exeitcmenl that a I ways walks with explorers. Anri they know, too. that, their part is a vital one in opening new oil lields. Again early tomorrow morning; Hi anolind I'arly No. ;.i will leave Newtown lo continue its search. 9 "Dacron" on duly Du Pant's polyaxlerJihrr iniprours appaurancu and cmnfart af unifarms Hen ;md women who work in uniform;-; have ;t particular reason lor dreading the hot. days of summer. Uniform fabrics nro usually made in heavy weights because: these wear better and are less likely to muss than lighter weight fabrics. In warm weather, however, most wearers find such heavy uniform:-*, just, plain uncomfortable. A few years ago, uniform mniiufhclurcr.s started watching with growing iin.ereKl. the popularity of men's suits containing "Dacron" polyester liber. Addition of high percent ages of the Du Pont fiber, they learned, ran greatly improve the appearance, comfort and serviceability of garments. 'They found. I.oo, that fabrics which are at [east SO per cent ``Dacron''' resist wrin kling, hold their shape find tailor well. Manufacturers began selling uniforms of "Dacron*' and wool about three years ago. Many users have now had time lf evaluate long-run performance. For this report we checked with police, firemen, railroad con ductors, stewardesses, bunk guards and oilier:; who an: wearing uniforms of "Dacron" and wool. All of these users an* enthusiastic about the wav "Dacron" improves uniforms. Wrinkle resistance is mentioned often. This means I ha I less pressing is need ed and maintenance costs are. cut.. Many men note that the uniforms take rough wear well. Others are especially pleased with the hot-weather comfort, of I best; lighter weight uniforms. 11. N. Kirkm an. Director of the; Florida Depart ment of PublieKsfoty, reports that uni forms of "Dacron" and wool worn by slate troopers, stay neat with a mini mum of care. "If the men get caught in the rain," he says, "the uniforms dry and retain their shape instead of getting baggy." The eitv of Columbia, *S. (j. likes uniforms of "Dacron" and wool well enough to outfit its police, firemen, water meter readers a ml parking meter collectors and repairmen in them. "Dacron" is also ell'eel ivo when substantial amounts are blended with fibers other than wool. Service station dealers of Socony Mobil Oil Company, Inc., are well pleased both with the looks and also with the easy main tenance of their new businc-w clothes of fib per cent. "Dacron" and 35 per cent rayon. JO I .S. Navr uflirers are uiilhoriy.ed to wear op. liunal uniforms eonlaiiiing Dacron"" (abosc), as are men of I lie Air Force and tlariue t lorps. Ihmrils al liirnril Trtisl f lorn Fs change Hank in Philadelphia liar* worn uniforms ol '"Dacron'' and wool for three summer;;, like the. eoiiiloi`1. On advice of Tinii T<i*scr, Northwest Airlines stewardesses wear anils ol 55% "`Dacron" anil -13% wool. R rrr '' J-fe^ Tiliti IT: . .... . : Servicemen for the Automatic Canteen Co. of America praise sliiriliness of their uniforms of "`Da*"row" h im! wool. :'It kj'"-- glv-E ,v. ..V-.4 INiIh c in (S. i\. Jiiitl ISititl uni forms of""l>arroir*aiifl w <mi! ,irr rmnl'oriiihff as well a' lt> krrp ik mU i srii in mint or liol it `i?K ! ,% :r.:w mr\~: TM. i=i.. iEi | w a m :* ;> c. = .feint v-.- . Si;'I LiI m '. . ; I ;t .`i7 l niforms <if""l>;(iTiur' ami wool in two v'< *i till I e keep llliimio 4.'<*ilrat voinlinldi-.s trim all \c:ir around. --mi t Hi form', of "I taemn"'and wool w hirli dry w illimil Insiiic llteii* -liajit* make a hit with Cntiinilila. S. <!.. lirrincit. 1 j^jRRpPE : r / - 'j i j Business d <>l lies of65 % "1 >n< -ron" ami 33% rayon are worn ly Mobilgus service station drillers. Company (those fabric after extensive wear testing by men. Even tin all-nylon Du Pont toothbrush wears out eventually, Bui there tire 200-odd good mamma .why it, Mlmukltdi go in the bathroom ivantebusket Seems that we'vo been grossly unimaginative about those used toothbrushes we've been giving the old heave-ho. According to a recent survey among a group of our readers, toothbrushes have barely begun their careers when their dental chorea are over. Two hundred and sixty industrious souls till over the country replied to our question, "What do you do with old toothbrushes?" They suggested a total of 222 different jobs to which they have applied their bathroom outcasts. Many persons listed more than ten uses. Mostmentioned were an amazing variety of cleaning and apply ing tasks. As we expected, shoo donning led the list; with 128 mentions; jewelry maintenance came second with 83, N<ii. m I! t(* 1u| i : cii hut ot'li'n ;.;i \ 'ii \v**e t he* rlenninj; i if fixtures, pun par !.? ;. life,-;, eyt'j.rlass rims, liahin:.; I.<ieku*, elerlric razor.-;, (novels* parts, mill cluhs arnI leal her nrl.irleK. ( hniKewivo.s al.-;t) nielli killed < Irnniiij.; toasters. sew in;; imirhines. window roruers, pirl m i* frames ai.sl mortar between (iles, I lolsl ivis.) s fil'd tomhbrushcH useful lor spriiciiu;' ti[> i heir rnlleri ions of coin.-;, slones, shells and ant ii)ue sail h.tkeis, aipratin. niudel railroad i tanks and llonei bulbs. Haulers oil i heir bools i\'il h tlie hm dies, and artists have a variety < !' specialized uses for I hem. Areordiiis; ( > some respondetiis, well need hrisl les art' idi*al foi* apply in:; hair I iIII, yhn*, painl. arid dux and Itrzens of olher l.liinyy to small areas. Thirl v lour uses were found lor ban ties alone, usually afl.i-r filln;' or (.1 if' a p] jlienfiiui of heat. Typical uses were as turn i-i>ridiH'l.iii).r siTew driver;-;, lei ter openers mid hole makers I'm* r.ardeii seeds, anti ns ornaments ami slirrers. And four renders complained I hal l.belr nylon hrisl.led brushes jtisl wonldn'l wonronl! TEN OF THE MORE UNUSUAL TASKS ASSIGNED USED TOOTHBRUSHES lo scour pet turtle's back to clean mousetraps to apply wo* or dye to mustache to brush silk from corn to clean gum off bedposts to brush dog's teelh to apply ink to stamp pad to smooth frosting an cakes (Bristles alone} --ers cal's whiskers on greeting cards (Handles alone)... flint chipper in making stone arrowheads litre's <i furl her rrptui on ` ' (Jitilmi" for siiriio Ira Iher. a rhnnival Irrulmi'nt Ihat's Hv DONALD (J. H< liTMAN I lie pretty 11j<><!<*l j.;Ti,ii;>cn;l, " I really baveti'l I lie heart. |.i fin il!" she said. On (.lie kitehen Lalhe lie fore her lay a beam ifnl new suede jaekel.. The ymme lady had just been handed a hul lie of ketchup and (.old to dump il, on idle I'ronl of (lie coat. 'It'll never look t.he .same." she pi-n( anted, relui..:I a 111 ly Idllowiiit' iusl ruel ions. On this assignment, we were dnetimenl.itij,; with a eamer.a wind we knew other people al:;<> would find hard l,o believe; the fact Mini I(>(lnv suede leather ailiially van be easy In earn for. V spiny i nuine block willi siiede jacket is cruel and unusual punishment, Dry cleaniu<r look reuse mil, bow ever, Iicraie<c ihe Icaliirr hurl been Iren led wills "(Inilim'". ....... ' \ Relieved model smiles us she finds jnrlcel good us new following simple home-care job. A year and & half ago we reported here in the Maga zine that "Quilon" chrome complex was exciting interest in the leather industry as a treatment for sheepskin suede. That's because "Quilon", we stated, left suede waterresistant, stain-resistant and dry cleanable. Now well out of the development stage, the Du Pont chemical is big news in the suede industry. This fall de partment stores and specialty shops will feature suede treated with "Quilon" in high fashion apparel for both men and women. Heretofore suede, long recognized for its luxurious ness and natural beauty, just hasn't been practical. If you've ever owned a suede jacket, coat or vest, you know its weakness. It soaks up rain and develops water spots. Anything spilled on it; stains and streaks. Dry cleaning 1ms been a major undertaking. Only a few cleaners were willing to touch suede because it required special tech niques and extra steps. And even those who would clean it could scarcely guarantee success. It has come back too often with its original texture gone, the leather dry and stiffened, and the color ruined. NOW A PRACTICAL LUXURY Suede is still a luxury, but a practical one when it's treated with "Quilon". This is what we set out to prove when we asked our model to dump ketchup on the jacket. After the ketchup treatment, we guided her through the simple steps it takes to remove such staining materials from treated suede. The pictures hero show you why she was convinced. These same steps can be followed to take off spots left by coffee, ice cream, chocolate sirup, mustard, beer and many other substances. Only (Jie most stubborn materials, like lubricating grease, butter, olive oil and tar, require dry denning. But it's a simple matter to dry dean suede treated with "Quilon". Ordinary commercial methods work well and the garment can bo cleaned again and again without harm. Stanley E. Crewe, superintendent of dry cleaning at the Associated Wilmington (Del.) Laundries, reports, " `Quilon' has revolutionized the whole idea of suede dry cleaning. There's no reason why any competent, dry cleaner can't handle the treated suedo with excellent results if he will just rinse it thoroughly to remove any soap remaining after the usual dry-cleaning cycle." Crewe, like our model, was skeptical at first. But now he has dry cleaned a number of suede jackets treated with the Du Pont chemical. One jacket, cleaned six times, has remained as soft and supple as it was when brand new. Even the original color is still in top condition. Such attri butes, you'll agree, certainly have given sued a new face. Smart new garments arc both practical mid luxurious, now that "Quilmi'" makes suede nsy to keep dean. They don't look very lauei, hut these ize sheets of roil Ini eiiriiliourii are |nmerfiil ;igcnia in Harnessing the x-rav oJ The ligl if. of Thomas Kdisun's genius fell on many an uncharted area in the realm of seietue, One of f he leant, known, although certainly n>|. f.tie least. important, of hi-: omf.rihul.iohs greatly increased II if? usefulness of (.he x-ray. Wilhelm Konrad Bbiitgen discovered x-rays in 18f);i as lie performed an experiment, wil.li electricity. in his darkened laboratory he suddenly saw some nearby crystals fluorescing brightly and realized that, he had found a new phenomenon. .Seirn tints quickly recognized (be potential importance of file x ra.V. In 189b lOd ison sf.arfeil a search for a luminescent chemical (.hat would aid in putting it. to work. Alter testing some I ,H()U materials, lie decided cal cium ftmgslal.e was best,. Today that, compound ami others an.: a standard part of x-ray equipment. Similar phosphors are used in vour television picture tube. Ibir use in x-ray oquipmeirt, these chemicals are coated on sheets of cardboard to make what, are called intensilVing nrreons. The screens convert, t he invisible x rays info lluu rescenf light- hi this way, they expose the film more com pletely than the x-rays alone i mild. Rxposi.ire t ime t,u tin: rays is cut to split-seconds, where otherwise mi nubs might, he needed. Without these screens it. would he ; Iniosf impossible to niase t he x-ray pictures that groin ly aid in medical d iagnosis and t.rentmeul.. IM'K\SII'YIN(; SKRl-TAS WJXL IIIIJDKN Kv c ii if v o m'v i' been x-rayed, you've probably never seen a pair of intensifying screens. They arc hidden inside 1 he metal film holder or cassette, where they form a sort, of sandwich with x- ray film as Lire filling. While intensifying screens arc essential, no one type fits every situation. Sometimes an x-ray pint lire with extremely line detail is necessary. In other eases, some detail can he sacrificed to shorten what might, otherwise bo too long an i-my exposure. To meet varying demands, over a period of many years Dll I 'onI has developed three different speeds of screens. Company research chemists learned, however, t hat even those didn't, cover the field completely. Kor example, the user of small. low-powered equipment often didn't gel, good films because Ills machine simply wasn't powerful enough unless :: long x-ray exposure could he used. This, in turn, was often impossible. To fill the gup, I hi Pout, has developed tile new "Pal ter;.on" Jaglil ning Kpeeial hilm id tying screen. It is intended In supplement, nil her t han to replace Dm I'nnfs present intensifying screens: the Par Speed, the I ti Hp a d and the ! )e(ail. The fastisl, screen available, the Lightning Kpeeial is designed fo" exceptional situations where speed of exposure is I he principal requirement. Koch an exceptional rase was (.hat. of a l!Wi pound woman who loll and bione her hip. She faced a long and ted ions operation l.o pin 11 ie I nines into proper positions. X-ray toolinirians, caked in ).-> mala.: radiogr.-qills, had I heir dilliniltics, too. IPs hard even with nigh-powered equipment. to gel a clear radiiigrap11 through layers, of fat. Will) the small, portable equipment used in operating" rooms, (he problem is made Ml.il! worse. I I ere, I hen. was a cane made l.o order for i he I ,ijy 111 ning Special and with ils help the |.tclinician!, successfully got animal their double, troll)ilc: t he ol icse pat.-e.it and the low-,lowered eijiiipmeiii. But. (hat wasn't, tile end of the new Ml rcen's useliihie:-,-. m I his particular ease. Hy deliberately over-exposing i lie tills, the technicians were able to cut. developing linn1 and furnish doctors with wel rr-<liogr;i|ills in only two mimiles. Ah exceptional ease, it.':; (.rue. But. medicine lias a good many of those. Situations. ol" course, <!u not nave to be so dramatic. A good many doctors, particularly thorn- in geueini orael.iee, own small equipment. Ko do veterinar inns. The I .ighl.nmg Kpeeial gives I besr men a chance to get. hell it radiographs- than before heran.se the new screen doubles the effective inilliamperage output of I.hi1 smaller x- ray machines. Mot inn whether of nuininls nr of children who won't hold si ill, or of organs like the hear I that, move involuntarily -ceases to he a problem. Since x-ray wpostire 1 ian? can be cut, in half, the ehanee of blurring while the film is being exposed is greatly reduced. Technician mute*; a s-aiidwirb In pliieiiifi \-ra film he. Iweeii intensifying screens, ttilirli arc inside holder. I'^Nlrr MTi't i. :: i <> in Xr!ivillj with tin* Hll-ijif' ' . :>=? 11 '-S :i\ : . :\ iii.'C' i LoU-|J< HM1 |M>riliU- >> * .! '!< N . :{; . Tlir S|liiriiil !l<kl|r Irr L :! :<*. >;:!:. < ic-ffirt \ni- liiri-s \uihoiil m<>'iiiii vrr% ^irk i t" f i. Ill Ilip-pilltlillH OjH`rilti(-> tiiittlf* Mtnei'iil timr** lo {'l-.--.-l ;:.>< :; i.m . \\ i:i- LiglllllillgSjlt'riiikili'veinm j iv l i mr r:m i nr : : ; t <.{>. - I The horn b that a flow resoareh--ami ftroftclletits--led to the wartime 'dntfi Ih h iiIk "' "ramliftnhlv of the him (Irails of push-hutton aerosols on the market to<la y % MANY MIJ.KN EVANS Any veteran of Koui.b Par-ilk' or Norl h African baffle-; will fell you hi* had one enemy that coulfl not. In * halted by >-n us or strategy-- flu: Irma It: anopheles mosquito. This insect-world Mat.a Hari depended entirely on her ability fo spread malaria, aiwl she was2 an old ham! at. it. in the early days of World War II site accounted for more casu al! ies in tropica! areas titan enemy lire 11k : anopheles didn't meet, her match until (lie arrival of a strv.el Uadi container tlint, sprayed out a fog, or aerosol, of insect italic dissolved in l>t: I 'out "Kreon" lit Kiri anted hydrocarbon, a refrigerant turned pro|>dlenl.. As millions of these "buy bombs'' were put, to work in the tropics, the anopheles literally dropped dead. Incklence of malaria skidded downward and morale went up. It has been l.ei: years si nee file bug bomb was intro duced on the civilian market. 'Today, a quick survey of shops might prompt one to call this interval the Aerosol Decade. Estimated output, during 195 1 was Iria million packages of more (.ban 80 different, types of products for both household arid industrial use. Two things tirsl, made I lie aerosol package industry a pracl ical reality- . research by two men in i.hc IJ. 8. Depart nient. of Agricult,ure plus the ex isle net of a ready-made propellent, hi tin': late liKMts, lade I). < Joodhue, chemist, and William N. Sullivan, entomologist, at i.hc 1 leparlieetilAs Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, were at, work on low-grade surplus tobacco as an insi'i.ticide. .Scientists kinw nicotine was poisonous to certain insects. And the idea of an aerosol of smoke for controlling insects was far from new, Pur instance, the Mono Indians of California had used smoke to stupefy insects to be: collected for food. 'The Indians cleaned off flic; ground under frees harboring (lie full-grown larvae.: of the pandora moth. Then they built a smudge tire. The smoke eaused the caterpillar:; fo drop fo the ground. The Indians raked them into the tire and roan led them to hnvfc- on hand for future stews. (loodhue and Sullivan tried burning not. only tobacco but' dso other plants such ns derris, an Mast. Indian legume containing'rotenonc, and pyre-thrum, a plant of the chrys anthemum family. The two men reported success in killing house! lies with derris smoke, hut, they found smokes had (lie disadvantage of leaving a deposit and an unpleasant, odor. In addition, hurtling destroyed a large |iorl.ion of flu: Insecticide before it. cored be dispersed. But they did find smokes to be more effective l,ban sprays, (.hen in common use, because the insecticide remained suspended and ar.l.ivo much longer. In dune liMO they wrote; "If an aerosol of solid im-eel.ieido could be. prepared without, resorl in>; Ui burning, a great, advance would be made, but a generally applicable procedure Is as yet. unknown." By lit is time, < loudliue and Kuliivan, as welt as many others, were enneernod wti.li the eradication ;>l mosquitoes, especially tho.-ie hitchhiking from one country fo another in airplanes. Hitler war; goose stepping armss Europe and our allies were already at. war. Along with thousand:-; of wartime problems-; was the protection of fighting men from disease. In I`HO the application of insect tildes by our armed furi es was, by and large, flu: same as that, used in World War 1. 'Hie old tv pc oil base spray was still the only available insecticide. After smokes, ,Sullivan and bloodline produc'd an aerosol by boiling solutions of derris arid pyrethri.im in 18 II1L P:l: R solvents to croate a vapor or steam. They soon left this for another method...spray inr,' rol.rnone and pyrcl.lirum 01 a solvent ['nun an atomizer onto the surface of a I ml. plai.e. A cloud of iiny. suspended particles rose (o lull the inserts, This was the most. elTerlive method to data, hul flu* equip men! was awkward for general use, a lire might bo started, and t in; odor was objectiitriable. 1 lowever. the t.wn n-seusvl 1 era and John II Pales, mi associate, suggested t hat. this method 1)0 us!h I for tin* control of mosquitoes in pianos. About. this time Hu Hi van read a paper by a scientist in France who stiggeslod that, ilk* in.-a-H iekle ideal tor tdunes should In* 1101 ills m mal-le, inniloxic i.o man and animals, itrmslsiiiiiijr, prae! ically odorless, slmulit eoniain its own sourer- nf power. and should fill mosquitoes in live it) ter. mi 11 i.ilt*.*;. 1 f developed, it could be useful for bar racks. houses, teals and oilier habiluis of mail. '' This paper," says Sullivan, "set us ft) thinking of liquefied gases. Our job was to rind which nnc would till these requirements. We determined to find the answer."' To avoid a course wel spray, (hey were looking for a solved whose eomponem s are gaseous considerably below t he .spraying lenipcralitn.-. < 'mifaet wifi 1 t ae wanner aiinosplti're would then cause the low bailing st>1 veni to vnpon/.e. Tllev starfed 011 refrigerants. One day ( c h k IIu k * suggest et I diehlorodif!um'r-mel bane, the 1 ongi ic-I wlsiiny chemical nanicofUii I'onl.'s "Kroon I IT" refrigerant. They dissolved pyrel hruin olenresin and sesame oil ill the liquid refrigerant. moled the container, sealed it. amt then let tin* | iressurr of i lie solvent force I he eonteii'' s out of (lie nil burner nosy.le they had used. 'The aerosol that, came tort11 was very toxic f<) mosquitoes amt house Hies three limes more so than a spray...and it- was odor less, .umsiaining, nonloxie to titan ami animals, and nottllnmntable. 'They had it ! Now how could they package fheir discovery for easiest use? The evprri-.netUul eonl.ainer was a live-pound carbon dioxide cylinder, (on heavy for ctmvome'ice. M amifact nivr.s wore hrieled on I lie problem, and West tug house suggested the steel high-pressure float valve tank of about one poll in I enpaeiiy usi'd in its refrigerators A noar.le was itnpmv ised ami a hi ml. a dt>/.en containers iilletl. With these in liand, I hey npproaehei I the Air Korea. After a demons!ml ion. i in* Air Foree ordered lao.OOU to he delivered as soon as passible. West ingliouse, which had surplus i.'onl,-liners of "Kroon" because of wail.inn* reslrict ions on refrigerator production, was railed upon to produce the aerosol insert ieides. l)n I Vint enlarged ils facilities lor "Fromt" production, and the' baffle against the nm.s qtitlo and other noxious insects was on. On duly lit). .1 T-I l, t inodhue and Sullivan applied for a public- service patent, to he assigned t.o t.he Secretary of Agriculture. In April l!)-IK, ,Sullivan rcee-ved his greetings from IInek* Sam mid applied lor an assignment, with the Sanitary Chirps of the Air Force to eottl inite work on aerosol insert.iridos 1 le received a commission and an assignment that, took him to Accra on the Gold Coast of Ifitrly iiiseelieide riwrnrcii ul fSI) \ rowrcil Idiriiiim **f ptauls eoiilaininu bug kill**i*^. thrill a Co rv plorcd fe.-mihilily of vapors made l*\ spi-iiving i iiseel ieides on hoi plate. Cooclliiie (left) and Sullivan with o-rigti |U I t iic-rosol, a htdUv f> Hi, CAIg contain ` a' K\|i-rl II, Fnllnn of the i; S11A holds familiar low -pressure iii-niMil |r*im Ik i*i* riiii, <In i ight is biniiluir oriil Vi <y* II Ini" bomb. Africa, l.o Nurl.ii Africa, and Karachi, Indie. when' ii. wan Ilia job l.i ace i liai. planes bound fur South American bases didn't, have any inscei.s aboard. f looilliuc ciml.niiii`cl liia nwaivli on aerosol insect iridos during the war. In ci 'operation with John 11. Kales a i < I K. IN JVM luvniii, l IK DA, he eva Inn f.etl roll!nint rs, y,iIves and inrinulus for use by I he armed forces. In flu* meant inn*, hug bombs by I he million were arriving nl U. >S. bases around flic world. In all, more I hau GO aiillion we i e made for the aimed In ices I iv various mamifecl tirers. In Iff IG 111 IT made its debut, ns an aerosol itisivf.icide. In late 1915, the hug bomh, now included in war surplus items, reached Ui<; civilian market.. Hut ids eont.aincr worked against if I lie steel was too heavy and the cost, of production too gmal for a oom|iefil.iye item. However. the se<'d of an idea had been sowed, and Industry started its cultivation. (sin companies went, to vvtiiiv Oil It I o - u< l J jci . O! ! u 1 .nil; OHO MIC creation of a .sail; hie valve, the intricate stumbling block of i he whale container. Hubert A. Fill son of the Bureau of Fninmology and I'lant Quarantine, and now a leading am hority* <m aerosols, saw in the beer can I he possible answer for a container The adaptation of flu' can for low-pressure aerosols kicked off fin* industry. (In March 7, I!) 17, (lie first, of these inexpensive, disposable cans was filled for experimental use. Within a yc;r>-, large leale production win under way From insncl.fades, the content s of I In: can moved rapidly to room deodorant:-., paints, cosmetics, inks, textile ilirss- mgs and penct.ral ing nds, In I Ik * meantime vontinui ig research on aerosol insecticides has brought, the output l.o some GO milfoil cans for I954, Wlia:, (.lit: low pie.ssurc aerosul can started was a "working package" It was more I ban a can* it. also dis pensed the product as needed ( rjiivenienee-ininded Amcr- iemiK liked it. Kvidi*n<*.*: flic personal products field. Last year more 111,-in GO million units of hair spray were filled double the 195:1 total. M or<* Ilian Amillion cans of shaving lather were turned out better (.ban a ,5!) per cent, rise over the previous year. Spokesmen in the aerosol packaging industry siy history will repeal, itself when the push-button really fills I In drug and pharmaceutical field. Ksl iinalcs for I Sibil, based mi forecasts for all aerosol products, run between si-X anti seven million units for this category alone. The (Ihemioal Hpeeiail.ies jVlaoufncl.iirers Associal.inn presented its coveierl Achievemenl Award for 105.1 l.o (loodlme and Sullivan for their work in developing aerosol insecticides, "`The far reaching effect, of t heir research,'' file eil.al inn re:td, `"has not. only' Ix-nelitcd 1 he American people by providing them with aerosol products that coiit.ribi.iie l.o belter, easier living hut, has stimulated a new type of business and thereby made a significant eotifnhul ion to (lie packaging industry ami the American economy'.'' A COOL 25 YEARS LITER... In a tew inoiitl is. I hi Pout's "Kinei ic" ('liomieal.s Division will celebrate She 2,51.h anniversary nf the first, sale of `TVemi-' flunrinal.ed liydroearlion rei'ngerauts. ''In- quarter of a century since I )r. Thomas Midgley, dr,, Dr. Albert lb. iIrene and associat.es aimouiii e.fl their discovery of" "Kroon'' has seen refrigeration anil air enndi- i inning mushroom. Today' 95 per cent of all U. >S. homes with electricity have refrigerators. Fresh foods are avail able year'round because of refrigeration from lield l.o table. Safer and more eflii ient, refr igentlion lias made new manufactured products possible. Many pharmaceuticals, elastomers, and even "Freon-' itself, require refrigeration for proi easing, (amfroHed temperatures have brought, standardization t.n other products. The .simultaneous. eoniiitioning of temporal lire, hu - niidifv, c.irci.ilat ion and clean line: vs of air I in short, air cnndil inning! lias made the office and plant worker more comfortable and ollicicnf. if lias made shopping, movie going, eating and (ravel more cnjiynhl>*. I lack of the evolution of merhamr..! cooling lies been file coni inning research and development, of tile *T'reun" refrigerants. From "Freon. 12" (.he family lias expanded t.n 21 mi'inlicrs. DC these, live arc (.he major "Freon" refrig erants..."F-1 I ", "F-12", "F-22", 11 a" ami "F-i Id". The latest., "Krenn- hi" and '""Freon-1-I", are being used in low-temperatnri* test. work, Itelnlively unexplored, this field is concerned with such questions as how will steel or lubricants a.-g below GOO' K. Aerosols, tea lured in the preceding story, are blossom mg out. in all directions more types, more brands, and many more consumers in home and iiiilnsl rv, Du Bout, lias kept, in stride with these booming sales by supplying "Freon" nropelleiil.s In lit. the varying needs of t he aerosol indus,I ry. Some of the "Freon" compounds are good fire ex tinguishers ami. have heel) int roduced recently into (iretight mg equipment for [.he Army and Ail Force. Several passenger airlines are converting their lire extinguisher systems, to use "Freon". 'flie demand for "Freim" has brought, ahem an expan sion in manufacturing plants Ironi one ; t, (larney.s Point, N.-I., in I ft! I to four in I he U.H.A. and one in ( kmada today. A few years ago the Fast Dbieago plant, was opened to serve (.he Midwest liel.I.er. 'I'lie I .ouisville. Ky., plant, will hi* completed this mom h. By* full of T>(>, the Anl ioeh, Dalif., works will begin operations. All are i.he result, of keeping one eye on new processes and new compounds and I he other on the needs of tin* American people. 20 I (o increase |hr lu'iil- mill abrasion resistance of "`A la l lion'*. The rrsnl l: A bel; ter l*ol,velby lone wire aiul ruble insulai ion that is tougher nod outre heat, rniiulant Uiait earlier Inniiiilaliims lias been aunenineed by I )u Pont. The improved "Atafhun" polyethylene resin run be used a! higher temporalores ami bus greaier abrasion-resistance. 11'lii! wire anil cable industry uses polyefhylettc for eteef neal utsii laiiuii mud jacketing be cause of" its good electrical proper! ion as well ns its toughness, pliability mid light weight. In erne place or another, the plnsl ir's oilier proper ties have proveil essential. Those include re sistance to i-lieniie;il attack, exeel lent weatherabiltly, and flexibility h i. temperatures as low as -TV'lb Tin1 added lieal- and abrasion-re.siHtanee of this improve] "Alailion" will pul. (.he material Io work on even more jolts. BOTH INSI'I.ATIO.N ,AM1 JACkl.TIM; A reeenl Industrial application of "Ala f.h<m" polyetiiyiene resin is as hoi h insulation and jaekel in;.; of ;i 12,0(10 will priinarv feeder cable for an Pastern ehemiral company. On a comparative basis. "Alnthon" reduced both I hr initial cost of I lie cable, and the expense of in stalling it- lieeaiise I lie material is chemically iuerl, il needed no protective conduit when lamed in the ground. "Alai lion" Lh widely used for insula ling wires and rabies, in flic television field. The large, flexible rabies i hut carry the camera image. I he microphone rabies, and lead-in wires 1o home sets arc nil prelected by the material. The I hi Pont resin also is a s(andard for covering < ml side telephone wires amt for jacketing on the line ami service drop wire used by public utilit ies to bring power to homes. One of its newer uses is to ini-ailafe lire alarm cable. $380 a pound -- and worth it 'I'it til's ihr rttncnl privt* / ullnf-ptin* Ihi I'init silii-oiu >/ in retmtrkahh' nrtr> eirrii tcitl mill I'h'elnmir tlvrirrs. I'urt tiitali'ly, if filth* pin's it lmtt" t* t>Y lleeause scientists al Bell Telephone I,al>ura! ories have auceeeded in harnessing the fun's energy wl Ih tl TO Ui-'.ii ol 1 >11 Pont silicon. mote telephone subscribers nan he added this fall i.o an experimental system in rural (Icorgia with out I hr necessity of additional telephone I mos. Storage bal.l erics installed along {.In; experimental line I.o huosl. the .si.rengl h of lelephone signal a will 1 >e kejil. charged by Bell solar batlories, which use lliiu wafers of Du i'ont, silicon i.o convert, sunlight (iireclly to eU'cf.ricit.y. Tin1 solar ball cries convert I l oiw cent of this energy to lisahle power. While Bell scientists predict a sunny lului'e for theninfant, solar battery. Do Pont silicon is finding its way wifi unit. I,, m much trouble' into quite a jew trere mnvettl.lonal devices for regilnt.ing I In* How al electrical current. Among prodnel s already available are liny sj I icon transistors, which replace milky vacuum tubes ill high temperature local ions; diodes anil {lower nvi.iliers which again are useful at high temperatures; and an oil-cooled aircraft general or which uses silicon recti liens in place of commutators, slip lings awl brushes. Silicon, like germanium, is a semimncuctor. rl'Ms means that, as far as. tin* (low (A clerl.t it it.y is concerned, it is neither a good insulator nor a good eonductor. But exactly measured I races of certain inpnrilies added to sections of a semiconductor give it the ability to control currenl tlow. This is how Keimeonductov devices are made, I 'amclnxically, the addition of impurit ies to all al ready impure malarial gels yon nowhere, electrically speaking. Thai's why semiconducting materials must be extremely pure I.o begin with. (lerinaniimi, from which the lirsl t ransistors were made, is easier to purdy than silicon, and has excellent proper! ics up I.o about 212 T'. Silicon, however, can update up to lOoT', Bwnnse its purification is so dillic.ulf, semiconductor grade silicon costs $280 a pound. This price is decepleve, actually, for a transistor requires only a thy sliver of silicon world two to live cenls. Ordinarily, a chemical process that yields a product bil.ilO tier cent, pure is adequate. But the silicon Du Pont sells, today' must contain less than one pari, per million of critical impurities. Kvert this in nor good enough for some projected uses, '['hat's why Dn Pouf, is continuing its efforts to produce a silicon of even higher purity. A uniform crystal fit run ure is required in .semicon ductor devices. This is achieved by Imvi'rii'g a perfect sued crystal ol silicon ini o a mollen hath of the mu ferial and building up a larger single crystal .structure. Rlocl.rotiic devices may bo made by slicing (.his crystal into segments and soldering wire lends to file segments. ('ommorcial grades of silicon have been used for years in metallurgy and more recently in making silicones, ft is the seen in I most, common element, forming 28 per cent of flic earl.Ida on ml. Semii unduetor silicon, because neces sary porky is so hard to attain, is a horse of a different color. Du Pont, first became interested in die pigment possibilities, of its compounds, and developed a process for making pure silicon in quantity. During the .second war the Company was asked to supply this pure silicon for radar use. As ike supplier ol chemically purified silicon, I )u Pont is helping put a new anti potent tool in (.he hands of equipment designers. .Silicon devices, will make possible a degree of control over olectnVil y nnl possible before. Du Pont lei linirian wearing w-lifer's goggles watches .silicon crystal form behind quart/. window. Hliees of crystal are tln-n rhccki il electrically for ptiril;. 22 ,'Si>me predictions ol filings tu comic s.hci replacement, of oi implies led gear mind ion systems by direct current elect ne eimtuiiimu small Iml highly efficient sili con power reel iliers or power l.ran,s;st.oi\s; a si/.alik*. reduc tion in weight of eleelinnie pear ahnard ships ami a ill rail; si icon devices to liclp cars meet, more oliiciom.ly Ilia demands of j inwar steering. power brakes, air eon- dil inning and sc on. Ilriiilier math- with Du I hull silicon delivers over 1,200 walls, enough (o run 1%-hciFseiMiww motor. A Solar battery, developed hv Bell scientists, uses silicon strips size of razor blades in convert sunlight to electricity. Here a solar batteryV power is used to transmit sound of human voice. "Huilt on a troublesome cliff which separates business and residential sections, Oregon City, Ore. (pop, 7,700) made a virtue of necessity when its old city elevator wore out. It put up a lift that is also a flashy civic trademark." Thus Life ably describes the town's new municipal elevator, but there's more to the story. Building that elevator in the heart of the business center presented some real construction problems. In addition, excavation for the elevator tower base was in solid rock, smack up against the Southern Pacific Railroad, II. was also necessary to put in a passageway under the tracks to connect the elevator with the street. All this called for the most careful blasting work. But the job went off without mishap, and Oregon's oldest city is happy about its newest landmark. (Joitrrclc elevator lower mill passageway replaced IV 14 model <tu left. Clou Intel or for lilt- project was Jaiiii'-. tS Yort Inc. of PorllumM Iregim, jr- llu Foul dynamite blasting Imsis far elevator tower. C lloseliy tracks and city willed for carefully controlled work. 23 i Ill ose new 1. u fle< I < :*a r i >e I s ISy .JAY II. MACKKY \\ it.liiu ten years, incii'c than lit) per rent <>(' all soli covering will he made by the I tilling method." That \s (letic Harwich, 41 -year-old president and owner of Ik. 'I'. Barvviek Mills, fne., Islkiug. When he plunked clown Ids total savings of sum' five years ago lo hark Ids faith in tufted carpets. carpet makers dii in'i even hear him. Today his voice probably calls the shots lor more l.u'led carpeting than anyone else in his field. I I is business lias raced from a flat, zero In Stili million a year. Many of you probably have heard idiot if, the .success of this scifl -spoken, ;>olf playing Southerner and his fa mous carpel. Business in igaz.ines have raved about him in (heir columns nl her carpet, makers have changed their production plans lo compete with him, and homemakers by t.lic tens of I oousands who fell they couldn't afford quality floor covering now have tufted carpets to set off (heir homes in style*. .Sharing (.tie starring role of this success story with < <ene Berwick is I he relatively new technology of I lift hie. .Supporting players include the man made tillers, csperiallv Du Pont, nylon. Tutting is an outgrowth of (ieorgia's oh! homcmift chenille bedspread and rube industry. "The modernized i net.hod is relatively^ simple." liusintvs BVvA- reports. "You build a machine big enough and wide enough lo accommodate the width o'' ;r.rpet.in;>; yam waul hi make I I!arwick machines are up t.o 18 feet w de t Across (.he w id ill of the machine, you pul. up lo t TOO needles in a line, each t.lmaided and connected t.o il.s own spool of yarn. These needles puncture ihe back of the rot.liner < loll, usually' burlap resulting in thousands of 11 shaped tnivads called (.lifts. Kbit pile is achieved tin a varial inn of the loop-pile machine, la tins process, the loop is cut. as soon ns it. is formed by the needle.) ".Next, step is t.o apply a Iniex-ptasfie backing to lock file t tills and serve as an nnt.isk id finish. Then I he carpel, is dyed and `bloomed' to bring out (lie < olor, and cut. to 2d size." < Mien I.mi yarn is dyed before il. is tufted. Tul I inp makes carpetim; ,il a phe nomena) rati-. 11. lakes only )l: seconds U> luff, a standard !) x IWtool tuy. In abend '.'tl years, lull in" has inci'ea.scil its share of America's yearly 8U million.square yard carpel markel more Ilian illl times. Because 1 ui'l iny is less expensive, savings passed nloiii: In consumers take fine earpcl.in*.; tm! of the hixury class Smiie of I he I wtsted yarn used hy 1'arwick Mills to make carpel iny is all nylon and some of il. is a blend of rayon with I >u I'ont nylon added for ox Ira near life. Wil.lt ijiialil v control almost, a fetish a l, Iktrwit k tit is reporter saw inspect til's anti operators cheek each and every step the company didn't I urn to nylon as a ms I ler of course Ksr from il. Berwick M ills makes ear pets of col Ion. rayon and nylon. Nylon has earned i!..<; place, I 'knit Bn peri lit cm lent Joseph Nix says, because of its unmatched dm'alably, ils ease of flea til up, its crush resist,-ml resilicnee, and ils eye appeal. "Nylon. he added, "is I he most l ft >uI>!e-free product we've ever had. Our dealers I ell us there are no ad aisf mortis lo in.ike next year or Inter. A nylon carpel keeps sellme. itself. n i;\\ c a h c k t i-oii i \u. *`l lore at our L.t Ibiyot l.e filanl." Nik continued, "we are (ttl'i.intr a new 100 per <.*nl nylon carpel lor the fall markel. 11, htis everythin!;, The ltij.:h and low pile |-.rolile desimts funk like a sculp tor had been nil I ini; rip'lli ini u I lit' face of flic i up. Noi only is the carpet, dm nllie ami resilient, hul hup; don't e:il il. and il's so quick dryiitf.; I latl on -local.ion eleaninp is no problem.*' Ilanvick .Mills, which has had to do much of the labor in developing its own liiflillif machinery. is look in;.; ahead let lurninp on!. -lacifiinrd effect, nips in addilion to the sciilpltirod tines now m production, ``There's no Klntulmy still in this 1 lusiacss," eoimnenl-i Barwick. "I....... id the jint.erd i;tl tirirkel: a million new homes I hal should axcraye al least Ik) yards of carpel imp replacements for ail (lie ol hei homes in flic eoiimry; carpel ill!' for eommereial places like offices and resiannum: where such lloor cover itti; hnsn'l eveuseon-d ilslirsi loin hdnwm Ilanvick MiMs doe.xii'l. plan Id sil s! ill willi i.liese markel s tempi in;.; .il!" "A cross u ii 11 h nl die machiru . ion pul up to l.btT liecil k-s in a line, cadi llirra.1 t*il mid U t!^ u <po<il til \;iriu riir***' ih > iMinrlurf Um*L id r^tniiK r ehilh rf-suliiu^ in limh-Mhi-- of I ->lui|ir<! ihrriuK lidft d lull*.-' f V'.: f_-CWsA. OS, .............. v . ` * '* . ii I -- Tgm-'-m dm.. ................ x/-:r if elcHiilng, its rrsistiiitre l inaltina and Its cxec|itiunal ry*-ii|>|M'al, lift I ueiif Jitttls nnr a/ifilieitlian in marine rleanina; Still amie u<:I<1, nicknamed " industry's lionsemakF' because of if.:- many uses as an equipment cleaner, has pom: to son. Bull &. Roberts, Inc., Now York ( lily, has developed r. way l.n use the acid to remove scale IVnm ship equipment in contact with sou wmor. .Scale deposits (1ml form on (.he sea side of beaters and condensers long have, been an annoyance to .ship engi iieers. The accumulation rnusl. bo removed or efficiency of (lie e<(ui|meiil. Is sacrificed. Several liquid acids are effective in cleaning off the scale, hut be in 14 liquids they ret|uire more careful handling in order (.0 avoid accidents and injury t,o (he crew. Fifty-two-year -old I Still &. Robert,s pioneered control ol scale hirtnal ion in flic distillation of sea water This interest, plus a growing concern wilb accidents from mis handling of acid cleaners, led .Bull & Roberts lo search for something bef.ler and salbr. In Hlfid (he firm began working with rnild organic acids. They looked good in the laboratory but fell down in set 1 trials. Other acids tested went thrown out because they were hazardous to use in Ik511 id form or 1 ><*<:;tuse. of unfavorable sick* reaction:!. Research through available technical li|emf tire showed (bai sulfamic acid might do (.lie job. And because if is crystalline rather than liquid, chemists reasoned that, handling problems would he solved. Afler several months' work in the laboratory, Bull & Rolx-rt r. scientists: filially hit upon a compound hosed on sulfamic arid that did a tborough cleaning job and was safe mu; cay to work with. In the spring of I(154 the cleaner was; ready for ex tensive trial tests on clients' ships. Tests were convincing by October and Bull & Roberts deckled to start sale of the product under the trade name [1-400 scale solvent. The cleaner is made by adding tut inhibtlor and welting agent to I .hi I 'o ik . sulfamic acid. It is packaged in a dispnsahle wnlerprnnf cnnlsiner stool enough l.o with stand more than ils share of rough handling. Ship engineers are highly enthusiastic about the new sulfamic ae.id cleaner. Because the safety factor is so high, cleaning ran he dour safely on shipboard, by the crow, greatly reducing shipyard or other outside costs. New cleaning jobs aboard ship are constantly being discovered for lire, product. They are tested by Bull <k Roberts and. it an it lea looks gm id, the (inn tells oilier 1 I ient s a hi nit. it.  STRONGER MULTI-WALL PAPER RAGS are possible when "Super Cordura" high tenacity rayon is used as the stitching, The Du Pont fiber minimizes danger of seam breakage. Quality is uniform, costs are reasonable, and sewing machines are easily converted to handle it. ' PUSH-BUTTON DISPENSING OF DRY POWDERS from an aerosol container may open up a new area of packaging applications. Among the first powder aerosols is a zinc stearate mold release for use in plasties industry. Dry graphite lubricants in aerosols, using Du Pont "Freon" Ituorinatod hydrocarbon propellent, now are also available in many locations. STANDING MATS in new colors and designs are made by the Buxbaum Co., Canton 1, Ohio. Those Akro-Foam sponge mats are made of neoprene to resist wear and f^j>vf-f^1f'lT*"1 ^^fT^ {** *>"'f!t-f -f 'j"C? ,'ntrf ftf'iflc A SELF-SOAPING DISHWASHER called Eversudz con sists of a Du Pont cellulose sponge and a hollow handle for feeding liquid detergent. Manufactured and sold by Adpak, Inc., 23622 Woodward Ave., Pleasant Ridge, Midi. MKTA 1.1/.Id) YARN of "Mylar" polyester lilin is used in go'd borders of Iowels by <'ill h way Mills, Inc.. PiPi Fifth A\o., New Y>rk. N, Y. < lombinmg strength wilh l hernial stability. tin* new yarn can be mai'iiinc- laundered or ironed nl. high Iempenil lire, ('minim of "I );ieron" )*<>!v-- osier liber, anti tablecloths decorated wit h mol allies using "Mvlar" will stion ho available from oilier manumclurers. "OHLON '* aery I it- fiber anil si I k are hlended lit a new kind of satin nulable for its richness, luster and easy spot, removal. Made by milk in a while range of colors, the fabric is being used for ciinis imd eoeklail and ineoing dresses. OHK.MK At. BRIKK8, a quarlerly four page newi-ilelIer on (Irassebi industrial rhem'ieek. wi11 be sen! to chemical directors upon request. Address I test P. (irasselli Cheniieals, Du I 'uni Company, Wilmington 08, Del, FURNITUUI-. CASTERS of "Alathon" polyethylene res in mv made by National Plastic Products Co., Oden ton, Md. They come in assorted shapes anti sizes and a wide range of colors. 27 Whales the low-down on the new emulsion or latex base, paints that have been making such inroads in the finishes field? For the mi s ti ers, we turned to Herbert P, Beardsley, one oj I hi Pants experts in the field Q What are these late* or emulsion paints, such as those containing "Blvaeet" polyvinyl acetate emulsion, we have been seeing and hearing so much about in recent years? A, Like oil paints, they consist of pigments and a vehicle. In earlier clays, the vehicle of emulsion paints contained dispersions of oils or alkyd resin;; in water. Now preferred an* aynflu-tic: polymer dispersions, such as butadienestyrene, polyacrylnfes and polyvinyl acetate or PVA. A wafer dispersion of butadiene styrene is often .ailed a latex. 1'VA and acrylic wafer dispersions are generally referred to as emulsions. O. KxnHly what dans this vehicle do in the painl.7 Why is it necessary? A. The vehicle does several jobs, if is a carrier fur the pigments, which give (lie paint, film its color. It binds the pigments lo (.he surface and provides a. protective, film. In oleore.sinotis paints, (.lie films Icirin slowly over a period of several days or weeks. In enni.'sioa paints, the films form t|uiokly by a physical fusion of (he resin particles when (.he wafer evaporates IVoti; the wet paint film. 28 Br-i-ii 1^-1^^ Vl l)n I'nnl paint lest fitrin, t*\|>erl llrrli lleardslei points oni calbn resi-.taiiee of I'VA-lmse paints. O. Whore an- these emulsion base paints lined? ,4, In many places. An primer-sealers and top*-oaf paints on interior walla, for example, and exterior masonry paints, I5uladirne-sfy rear latex is widely used in the interior topcoat I_vjui of paint, and i'VA is iitidim: a market in primer.sealers and exterior masonry paints. O. Are I hoy preferred over other types? 4. Yes. primarily horaiisc emulsion-base paints are h o easy to apply. In addition. I lie brush, roller or spray stun ean be cleaned wil.lt veal or. The emulsion-base paints dry fast., loo, and do not. have a painty odor. Are alt of line:*' latex ant) emulsion-base paints pretty much alike? A, I assume you mean the. newer types of sym hef ie polymer emulsion and latex painls. In ail of them, the binder Is disperse!; in water. However, J'VA emulsion- hast* paints, math' with a quality protluet. like our "Kivaeet" HI -!)()() polyvinyl i.eefat.e emulsion, oiler a nun diet* rtf addit ioual adv.ml at;(':-.. Q. Buell as'? A, Versatility, for instance, 1 *VA emulsions ean he used in primer-sealer, exterior masonry and interior topcoat finishes. Here's, just one specific ease in point.: BealerI'oaler. a prniersealer based mi 'Klvaeet'' poly vinyl acetate emtilsion. was introduced about five years a{to by Du Font's Finishes Division. This type o" primer-sealer is now in widespread use. During ( be past, eouple of years tlie list' of I'VA I'niulsion in exterior masonry paints has been growing rapidly. Recently, inferior paints based on I'VA emtilsion have been introduced in mi ides j volumes, now my p a iivrs uMil* i;o\ht a ii-.it O. We are probably anticipating you on j his, but hmv do l.hi *so I'VA paints help I he consumer, including the "do-it.-yourself" home painter? A. Here ease of applieat tort becomes important. In addi- l.ion, exterior I'VA paints are very durable mi sound masonry surf aces. Dolor uniformity is excellent men on porous surfaces, and resistance to 11 id in,,r of coin red paints is excellent.. Because these paints will allow moisture to ('scape I h rough the tilm. they resist. blistering. Can I'VA painis he use*i indoors? You have been stressing exterior nppliem ior, so far. ,4, Dclinil.elv yes. for while interim* topcoat, paints made with t his vehicle are new. interior primer sealers based on I'VA emulsion have been in wide use for some time. These inferior paints arc easy to keep clean because the I'VA binder resists oils and greases. The paints resist discolora tion from ape because i.he resin is. si able to light Previously eosl. has delayed tin' \\idespread use of I'VA in interior topeoat paints. Du Font's recent price reduction of `Tllvaeet." polyvinyl acetate emulsion will change this, however. Now the product call compete with the lowest cos! synthetic polymer emulsions, and its use in interior biproats will pick up. O. What. about. paini ing wood? A'on haven't touched on this application yet. 4. I'VA emulsion-base paints adhere well to new wood. However, a few technical questions must be answered before these paints ean be suggested for test' on wood. For instance, on red cedar and redwood, the dyes from the wood are leached into the paint tilm. causing streaking and disculoration. On some types of wood, raising of the {train is a problem. Also, present I'VA emulsion paint I'onntduf ions do not adhere loo well to weathered oil paints. i)u Pont is working on these problems. A look at. the not too distant future indicates I'VA emulsions may prove i.o he the high wafer murk in the centuries-old search fora truly universal paint.. 29 New coioi: in your ilof-for living today, home designers tell us, means brighter living, (.on. Very mu nil a part, oC this sweep to color ait: gay housewares like these. WlialV mure, their peifurmacce is-, even belter than their Ionics. To describe I hem lully would take pages. '11 ley artall made of l)u Pom 'a "A la (.lion'' polyethylene resin, a lightweight, flexible p Us fie. "Alathnn" is non breakable, water resistant, and free from odor, taste or (ox icily. It is pleasant to the touch and remains flexible even al verylow temperatures. Kxecpt for onion:; and garlic, it in nol; e.ffected by (buds, spices or seasoningB. For ten .years after Du I Cut s turfed it ink lug *' A la fbon" in 1942, military -and industrial utters swallowed up almost all of it.. Kycn a lew years ago yon wouldn't have found many kitchen products of "Alalhoit" in the stores. Today they -ire known as the "hottest tiling in lioiisewi-res." The resin is used for everythin!' from baby bottles l.o waste baskets and drinking straws. Colorful refrigerator dishes and mixaig bowls are especially popular. white or miliiniu-.i i-aliao of colors. needs iso addition ol rurlnsu Idurk for slrenotli. ih I,, ,1, ( I Iff i:!KH Ilu I'out V. youthful ehtsl rimer. ") lypuloti" chemical rubber, is fa-d hot-omim; known as (.he family lnui;li pin. Lil,<' a brat, "i fypulot)" shows t|iinlil it-;; of stubborn nr-Jnlanri\ Fail in 11 us man of "I Ivpalou", (.hi-, is a diaf iuci. v hi no rather Ulan a laull. Hu; reason for if.a sleaddv mcrensiiis; use is tint, ll is Imrlily resists el. to i.h* efl'oefs of ozone. oxidizim.; chemicals anil heal. 'I'ho rubber-like elastomer has other desirable cl laruefori,sties like weatheraltilily and unkindtilil s . too. "I lypn loif' wan Ib'sl introduced t.o /hi !><ml Mas;:: rinr readers in foe fall of Ufa:; while slid in (ho pilot-plaid siI'.p'i'. The inaleriai. a enlimwiiifoimlt*d polyethylene, in made I iv ireatiny polyei by lime wiiii chlorine anti sulfur dioxide, hike oilier nl.-ir-uimcrr, *i lypalmi'' may be com pounded will) eurim; iiiprodienfK ami then vulcanize!:. Vulcnnizal.itin rhanpes ii from a t.lieniio|dnsl ic |irixlin-t. lo a rei-ilieni, iherinosel (.iii<>; .nalerial that ref a ins its properties iis*!a a wide ranp of condition.--,. IVodiicis limy lie inatle of " I Iyp.aloiT by mold tm;. extriis tm or calender! ns. ('oaf imps may he applied with sohn ions of T iypalun '. Ozone, i highly ael ive form of oxyajeu m I he a r. is one of -he worst, enemies of rubber. "1 i vpalot." proviiles exet -I lei if prol<-et ion ayailisi. ozone attack a lid e'el eriorn i.iou. Il has never been known in tail in any concentrafion of c/zine tvsled. There'ore, file new elnsUn-ler has become htpblv iu|inriuni lo such users as Wofsharlt (`orporatson of Philadelphia, makers of ir.tlusp-i.d ozone ey nt-rntor.o i'er intluslry. (eiskcls <il` "1 lypalon" have licen used hv We I si sit'll for aboui I lireo \ ears ami, ntvurdiit;.', ko Perry 11 Williams;, direct.)ir of enipnei rins; anti production. there have been no failures ever in nl.mcsjTeres i'on(iniiii; up to six million purls ozone per hundred million of air. Two b> ei;; It teen parts ozone per hundred millitm of air is normal in our :iiniospheiv and is on tii.i.i'.h to seriously affect many d herulaslomers. A no I her wav in which T1 vaultin'* is nuU-'4.untlmp* is til il s resistance l.o all nek by corrosive < heal ieals which ileleriitrale ordinary rubber. As a res-.ill, the t Ir.'uiieal mbher is now' h:in<>; used lo Iim* iatiks and oilier t hetnical equipmenl. It's soinp into acid hose, indtisl ri;d rolls cud Other am litem HU'S mvnl vinp, oxiciizutp ehetrae.'ds such as :f I OZONE? BRING IT ON! Ozone, a highly active form of oxygen, in a deadly enemy of ordinary rubber, hi ;m accel erated lea!, t lie rubber strip above was ex posed under lension In concentrated ozone for less Ilian .15 minutes, It's about to break. Strip of "llypalon" below', subjected to same treatmen I for more Ilian 100 hours, was una flee led. pickling and chrome-platans' solutions nr coiiccni rated acids, M slnti'iuiuv routings also have been developed for surfiu'cs of c.tnii.Hmnil and rjt.lut areas exposed u> cor rosive dimes. 11 ii* Hillinger (Corpora I ion, an i.-lcri.ro|tnl.iug concern in Toledo, Ohio, begun using acid hose cnnsl rooted wtl h ,i lube oi' "11 ynalon" cl min it*,-ii rubber in 1952. 'flu* I iso convoys pinking solid ion i o*dn niiis.; -10 per cent chromic, acid at a temperature uf' about. JOu'T'. II has yet. In show cracks nr h ij j iik of deterioration. "Tl*(* best service Iilh wi* Had on previous hose was si:*; i > eight immtlm. ' v it tr presided 1 tons Id 11 il linger reports, "Our acid is so strong it wid eat 1 ho clothes off your hack.. 'Phis "1 fv I lullin' makes (lie besl acid hose 1 have ever soon." Ileal resisl anee is mint her highly ini pod an l eliarackenslie of "I Ivpalon". la I Sibil engineers developed spark plug 1 mots made of *"1 lypiiion'1 that would provide valu able prol.eel ion r.gainsl desl rnct ive engine heat, as well as oaiim. 111is year one half ml).ion of till.* nationls new cars had spark plug hoots made of "I lypalon". rmi : f i osi- nilli a liitir ol '"11 v [Mi Imi"' lias curries! cleHriipIuIiiig solution since lwillmut ineiileiil, first service from pm isms liosi*; six In eil'hi inimtlis. Here's another ease where the you! Idol I hi ! *oiii el'isl omc r had die heal, resistance necessary to save a user money. Frequent replacement <if a conveyor h<*ll useil to lit I hot. salt from a rotary drying kiln to a loading (ewer had for many years 1 een a worry I a a largo ehemicals manufacturer. A series of meial buckets, nl Inched to (he holt by metal bolls, carried sail at leuiprmf.im's of 1011IWfT. The heila absorbed enough lieni aroinid the bolls i.o become hard and brittle and then to crank. Their life span was (.free months at. Iw-.sl.. hast December there was very helical ion I iiai this headache had been relieved when a bell < overeil with "I lypalntt" was ieslailed. In III*:* photographic lii*ld, a camera bellows material has a 1.1 lin coating of hl;iek-pi)>.iiiciit.eil "1 lypalon" applied on one side. The coaling provides a permanent lighl s**al. and generally adds to the life of file bellows through the resistance of "Hypalon" to flex-cracking anti sun-cheeking. "Hypalon" is also .right; in step with the eoloreoiiselousness of this age. Unlike other commercial elas tomers that require the addition of carbon black for strength, "Hypalon" can be compounded successfully in white or a limitless range of light-fast, bright or pastel colors. A surface coating of the Du Pont rubber may be added to dark-colored products before vulcanization, giving lasting color at. a exist under that of products having color throughout. Test panel exposure tests made in Florida not only showed the color of the rubber unchanged, but the same hardness and strength still remained after two and one-half years of continuous exposure. Today many of the cars and trucks on the highways have weather stripping coated with "Hypalon". This eliminates cracking due to oxidation that sometimes occurred even before the vehicles loft the factory showroom. On tomorrow's cans--and on many other industrial items as well--look for that "resistance plus" industry Is finding in "Hypalon". the bright new member of Dn Pout's family of chemical rubbers. >. a M.&ij Jv j i. Railroads an; Uof'Oiutti'j iutTistsifi"'Iy iiw iin; l.haf pmnl. ran lie; jirrlIv as wall as furniituuil. 11,al' s on,' tvasofi why, l.o Iv<'< 11 Innrfrrs anil railroad mrn happy Color has beei I Mori* ultraef vo ptisM'iim'r stations -- arv on* lorn tho railroads arc* daimhii> bHoro Ir;ivrirr>. Ilia Pont color 1 1`imdiiiimin^ fmi;-.lics innko 111i <Mi I lie Prniih\ l\ani,'i lHailroait lijiJifrr,, brioJiii i\ more in% ilin. tliftO kilmrainrv ;il i<*l i> 1 was ro|#,iisjlod with 1 In Posit color nrimliiiuiiiiio finish tilled wills new lights* Our al loft is duo for miih o Irealmr) corkin' on the railroad v(iKHAI,ll h ! NC Itnilrooders iin^ dually looking j'or ways and means I o make their passenger services more allrucl.ive to n diserimin;d in<> public. One promising lure is the new high speed trains you've heard so muuh ahmil. the AUFTulgo, for one. The lirsl of these lightweight.. low-to-the rails streamliners lo appear on an Ameriean railroad will be delivered late tins .year. Oi.her trains of this ly pc are on order. Bprueing up dingy stations is another way railroaders I eel they ran improve their puhlie mini tons. Fa-d dis ap|*ming, especially in areas when: passenger i.ralfie is heavy enough to warrant it, are the dull, lifeless paint jobs i.iiai used to be tin.* Inulemarl; ol depots all over the United Hl.al.es. The Pennsylvania Railroad, for example, used Du I'on I color eondiiinning finishes for the inferior of its year-old stul ion tn 1`aoli. I'a. Using higli-reileelnnre yellow " I )ulux" has made the. 1'aoli station a eheerfi.il contrast, to some of its older predecessors. Old stations needn't look their age, however. The oldest American railroad station. now pari of Ihe Balliniore S' Ohio's transportalioii museum in Baltimore, has ltee11 given a cheerful look with Du Font finishes. I minted with "1 )ulux" sunlight yellow and medium green, it. com|sires favorably in appearance with malty of its juniors. Station exteriors are being made more inviting, too. The I'eiinnyivania, which once pninfed all its stations fan and dark brown, recently reviewed its color standards on the advice of Malcolm McFarland, Du !'out finishes salesman. Result: the 1 `enmsy now lias three now stand ard exterior color i-omhinat.irms - maroon and gray, bull' and dark brown, ami buff and sage green. Farther west. Du Pont, salesman Don Koont.z of HI. I xniis has worked with the Missouri Pacific Railroad and HI.. l.ouis-Kan Francisco Hallway (hi. on dolling up their passenger sl.nl.ions with coals of durable "i)ulux" stal ion paints. Using color for its psychological and physical Ix-nelifs doesn't slop with the passengers. Pike others in business and industry, the railroads have found that employes work better and more safely in pleasant, well i I luminal ed .surroundings. The Du Pont, eolor conditioning program is designed to supply just this type of cheerful, sale work environment. Salesman McFarland, for example, worked with (he IS & U in relinishing and modernizing tile interior of its Baltimore laboratories. In the main laboratory, which has a light starved northeastern exposure, McFarland recommended yellow walls for bright ness and a terra cotta lower Wiill I rim for easier maintenance, Anoi her il & () lab, which gets more daylighl, drew walls of two-tone green. In each ease I lie ainmml of light, in ihe room and the rel;ivf.anoe of the paint color wen- considered. Salesman Koonlz advised fix'St., Louis-Him Francisco Railway Do on the petaling of its nminlonaneo shops in Springfield, Mo. I lore he followed one of she cardinal principles of color conditioning in work ureas-..avoid sharp contrasts in I nigh (ness. When .1 worker looks up from a dark work surface to a bright wall, the adjiisl menl, his eyes have to make adds to fatigue. When all surfaces in the room are of I he same relative brightness, eye fatigue is lessened sigiiitiennUy. I n sin firms, o dices, laboratories anil shops wherever people relax or work railroad men are learning what properly used color can do to win friends. "After all, if anyone's going to pa ini he might as well painl right." says McFarland, "ft costs no more t.o do I In; job wc'kml ificallv." Color roiiililicmiit^, ns in |1iik FriHva rail- mini nliop. ini|irov<s iHnniilioiiH on }oh. Kceent research lias pointed out that worm control in apparently henh.hy cattle ran lir a paying proposition, liven in northern stales, whore severe winters were oner thought to control them, worms cut. profits by slowing livestock prow 1,11, Ffirtunat.ely, rnntrol is both simple and inexpensive. Adult worms first are removed bv large doses of phenotliinzine. Then si na 11 a n 101111 ts (if 111 icnotl i i a /.i ne, ad fled t.o feed supplements, minerals or salt mixtures, are led regularly to pre vent. reinfection. Iictting crop, brush and weed sprays to spread and stick is relatively easy today with products like Du Pont Spreader-Sticker. On fruit, for in stance, Spreader-Sticker gives better coverage with the spray and helps avoid .spotty coloring due to concen tration of spray residue. To evaluate Du Pont methionine in rations lor broilers, tests on 34,27b birds were made in < i corgi,a by J. .1). Jewell, I lie. The chickens were fed to n market, age of' about ten weeks, and 18,057 had niel hior.ine added to their feed. Those fed the protein-building amino acid averaged lifi extra pounds of meat per t.on of fowl. Another contribution of research is a new formulation of `'Karmex" herbi cide. The product. "Karmex" DW herbicide, is speemlly suited for weed control on irrigation ditch banks in areas where light, sandy soils pre dominate or where, rainfall in high, such as in Florida, .Louisiana and tin.; Pacific Northwest. Like all of Du Font's .substituted urea weed killers. "Kannex" DW is economical and effective fir Ion;; term control in killing unwanted growth.I I usloni wood treaters tell us that Texas. Okkihoma and New Mexico cattlemen, who often (Inti wood almost as scarce as water on their land, are ordering post anti rail timber pressure- impregnated with Du Pent D/C. The L' '//' treat incut insures long-life pro tection against attack by rot and iiissais. and makes the wood more resistant to tire. Dven under the scorching Soul Invest sun, the wood remains clean .mil odorless, free from health liawards, and non staining. I'arm hoys the country over are taking part in wildlife conservation, the .Remington Arms C o. tel is us. Last year. Ohio Future Fanners of America did a Iren k m id ous job of wildlife habi tat improvement,. The boys saved about. KfiO nests from destruction, representing an estimated a.000 rab bit s, quail and pheasants. In addition, 2.boo F. F. A. members left grassy fence rows to save nests and young, ..... and 1 .BOO left, farm lanes and road hedges unmowed until after the hatch ing season. Another new Du Pont agricultural prod net is a sired disinfectant, Liquid diifi. if is designed for use in slurry treaters and other I real era not requiring the conventional premixing, I,i<;uid I Win, available in 5 and 30gallon drums, contains ; greater per centage of volatile eflivt mercury acetate t ban its predecessor, and lienee will lx; more effective in controlling soil borne and certain need - borne diseases. Illsore the frost, line begins its animal uiigi.dion southward, many Midwest farmers have already started calculat ing ways u j handle next spring's peak workload, {kirn growers lighting for extra bushels per acre-, especially these who know they'll hi-short handed in I he spring will be plowing clown nil rogen fertilizer in the next couple of months. Conrent.-Tiled. free-11owing "Nu( Sreen" fertilizer compound is favored as a nitrogen sot tree for fall 4 application because it resists leaching. i bbnmvML',cn\Hvb u i t i v FOR DRILLING MUD VERSATILE FLUID LOSS REDUCING AGENT GIVES... Low-cost control of fluid loss )/ Low fluid loss at low-viscosity levels / Thin, tough filter cake <J Muds of improved stability J Improved suspending action Improved emulsifying action J Versatile application in a variety of muds Du Pont Sodium CMC1. Grade DM is a low-viscosity, technical grade CIVIC for con trolling fluid loss in drilling muds. It is made to the same high standards of quality as Du Pout's other grades of CMC for paint and paper, and for improving the perform ance of synthetic detergents. Grade DM has proved highly satisfac tory in laboratory and field tests with a wide variety of contaminated and uncon taminated muds, including both lime-treated and sea-water muds. The low viscosity of Grade DM CMC permits low fluid loss withoutexcessive mud viscosity. And CMC's resistance to thermal and bacterial degra dation makes it ideal for high-temperature wells. Grade DM CMC comes in 6-ply, asphaltlined, marine-type paper bags containing 50 pounds. It can be added to the mud system through conventional hopper or jet mixing equipment. If high cost and high mud viscosity have limited your use of CMC, ask your local mud dealer for Du Pont CMC Grade DM. For further information on this and other grades of Du Pont Sodium CMC, write to E. 1. d u Po n t d e Ne mo u r s & Co. (Inc.), Explosives Dept., Nemours 11502, Wilmington 98, Delaware. J SKYCOLORS A breakfast room lacking that all-important eastern exposure? Brighten it with Du Pont "Tontine" window shades in warm Morning Yellow. A living room that lakes the full rays of a hot afternoon sun? Light condition it with "Tontine" shades of cool Evening Mist Green or Reflection Blue. These are some of the fresh Sky Colors you can choose from when you let "Tontine" shades solve your window decorating problems. Others are Horizon Pink, Cloud Gray, Vista Green and Zenith Blue. All of them go with today's smartest home furnishing colors in drapes, rugs and upholstery. This is beauty on a practical level, too, for "Tontine" shades are completely washable--and they're not dust catchers. Send the coupon below for your free Sky Color swatches, or check the yellow section of your telephone directory under Window Shades for the dealers who sell fine shades of Du Pont "Tontine". Horizon Pink and livening Mix! Green harmonize well. ' .' . ' ' Tontine" shinies in Morning Yellow brighten a room. Du Pont To n t in e " washable window shade cloth <mt> *le u * *i Off BETTOR THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING . . . THROUGH CHEMISTRY Free Sky Color Swatches SEND FOR YOURS TODAY! E. I. du Pont dc Nemours & Co. (Inc.) Fabrics Division, Dcpl. D-8, Wilmington 98, Delaware Gentlemen: Please send me, without obligation, my free sample book of Sky Color swatches. Stall