Document 44MDjkDXbLOm5yayNjj6GKMRe

1. SCOPE This standard establishes guidelines for the safe transport, use, maintenance, and dis posal of askarel and askarel-soaked material used in capacitors and transformers. 2. GENERAL INFORMATION 2.1 General. The tern "askarel" generally describes a broad class of nonflammable synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon.insulat ing' liquids widely used in capacitors, transformers, reactors, and accessory equipment operated at power frequencies. Askarels consisting of or containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs ) have been used in many applications since the early 1930*s, but only recently wa3 it di3covered that PCBs are widely dispersed in the environment. Systematic investigations of the biological effects of PCBs have been undertaken within the past few years to establish the effects of specific for-_ mulations on specific species. Studies have shown that PCBs are an environmental contaminant. Significant steps have been taken by D.S. industry to limit further re leases of PCBs to the environment. PCBs have been used in three broad types of applications as follows: . (1) "Open-ended" applications; for example, in paints, speciality inks, paper coatings, plastics, etc. (2) "Nominally closed" applications; For example, as the working fluid in hydraulic and heat transfer sys tems. (3) "Closed electrical system" applications, specifically as the insulating fluid in certain kinds of transformers and capa citors. Effective January15, 1972, the Monsanto Company, sole domestic producer of PCB3. discontinued supplying PC3s to all except manufacturers of electrical transformers and capacitors. Evaluations of the benefits, risks, and alternatives involved in the continued use of PCBs in closed electrical systems are summar ized in 2.2 through 2.4. 2.2 Benefits. Askaral-filled transformers are used where fire-resistant properties are importamt. Askarel-filled power and indus trial capacitors are significantly smaller, more reliable, more durable, and safer than oil-filled capacitors. As a result, askarels have supplanted mineral oils in more than 90% of the power and industrial capacitors made today. Over the past few decades most of the equipment that incorporates such capacitors has been designed to take particular advantage of the size, safety, and reliability benefits of askarel capacitors (for example, many types are today les3 than 14% of the size of equiv alent oil capacitors and have a life expectancy of 10 to more than 20 years). Various federal, state, and local code3 dictate the present use of askarel-containing equipment in or adjacent to public, commercial, and industrial buildings, which locations pre sent the greatest potential danger to life and . property. - DSW 323993 1 STLCOPCB4075341 2.3 Risks. In the United States, medical re changes that would be required to compensate cords since tha early 1930's show that the for the. fire resistance of the askarel-filled only adverse health effects experienced by unit3. For certain applications and locations, U.S. workers exposed to askarels, either dry-type transformers may replace askarel- during the manufacture of these liquids or filled transformers. of electrical equipment containing these For new installations, although many of liquids, have been limited to occasional the foregoing limitations would still apply, cases of nonchronic chloracne or other tem building and installation design provisions porary skin lesions or irritations. could be made to accommodate the use of oil- Askarel-filled transformers and capac-r filled, open dry-type or sealed dry-type trans itors are delivered to customers as sealed formers, provided that necessary technical, units from which there is no escape of code, physical size, and cost considerations askarel under normal operation. Although are properly evaluated. certain types of equipment failures can re sult in los3 of some askarel to the en Several potential alternative transfiymer fluids are under intensive-investigation .to determine -, vironment, transformer- failures sure limited if they will have satisfactory electrical and to approximately 0.02% of the units in ser vice per year. With respect to capacitors, such losses are limited .to approximately .i operating performance .characteristics. Such liquids must be acceptable environmentally, to the users, and from the fire risk standpoint. 0.04% of the units in service per year. In addition, limited amounts of PCBs cam get into the environment during the manufacture, delivery, improper use, maintenance, repair, and disposal of transformers and capacitors. Specific control measures have been in stituted by individual manufacturers, and users and are supplemented and strenghtened by national standards and procedures such as this standard, which provides information to prevent tha inadvertent loss of PCBs to the environment at all stages from initial askarel manufacture through ultimate disposal. . 2.4 Alternates. For technical and local and national code reasons, it would be impossible to replace most askarel-filled transformers now in service with oil-filled units of equivalent ratings without major construction The principal alternatives to askarels for capacitors are either mineral oil or various types of synthetic fluids. The latter types are under intensive investigation by the in dustry. Mineral oil and these newer fluids are flammable. The use of mineral oil would return capacitor technology to its pre-1932 level and would necessitate the redesign and replacement of such widely used equipment a3 flourescent light fixtures and racks for power and in duction-heating capacitors, which could not now accommodate the increased size of oil capacitors while maintaining their present ratings. For the newer types of synthetic fluids under investigation it must be determined if they will yield satisfactory operating per formance, are environmentally acceptable and that liquid non-flammability i3 not required. -2- DSW 323994 STLCOPCB4075342 I Long before there were any environmental concerns about PCBs, there wa3 a strong eco nomic incentive to find other less expensive insulating liquids with the desirable charac teristics of askarels. Omitting economic con siderations there core no technically equiv- ' alent fluids available today. 3. CAPACITOR GUIDELINES 3.1 General. The environmental effects of askarels are under in-depth study by govern stability, chemical stability, and degree of flammability (both are recognized as highly resistant to burning. It is for these reasons that Section 3 of this standard is intended to apply to capacitor-grade askarel. 3.2 Capacitor Grade Askarel. In September. 1971. a new grade of capacitor impregnant, Aroclor 1016, was made available to the in dustry. Thi3 new grade contains a typical con centration of 0.4% or less by weight of the mental and other agencies. Askarels have been considered relatively harmlass to humans based higher boiling homologues of the chlorinated biphenyls. ( See ASTMD3303 -74 (l)1] Aroclor 1016 on safe industrial usage, since the 1930's, replaces Aroclor 1242, which previously was except for minor skin and eye irritation. the major capacitor impregnant and contained . . There have been no known instance of human in around 7% of the higher-boiling homologues (the juries when they were used under the normally more persistent in nature). This 0.4% level of accepted precautions and conditions of handling the higher-boiling homologues should be the in both manufacturing and user applications. maximum concentration acceptable in any capacitor Askarels are being found in the environment impregnant. Aroclor 1242 and 1254, previously and in fish and bird life. The long-term used as lmpregnants, do not meat this requirement genetic and ecological effects are not yet and should no longer be used in capacitors de completely understood. For these reasons, care signed and manufactured for alternating-cur rent should be taken to contain askarels and minimize applications. their entry into the environment. Aroclor 1016 ha3 the same Underwriters' Labora There are two general classes of askarels used by the electrical industry. The higher chlorinated grades are the more persistent in nature. Because of their higher degree of re sistance to burning, they are used in trans formers where personnel safety is of paramount importance. - Capacitor-grade askarel has a lower degree of chlorination (composed primarily of the 3- chlorine insomers of biphenyl) and a higher de gree of biodegradability. Generally, it has tories, Inc. flammability rating as Aroclor 1242. Commonly used solvents for clean-up purposes, include benzene; kerosene, acetone, trichloroe- thane, trichloroethylene, and perchloroethylene. Typical vapor pressure data for Aroclor 1016 are: 0C 25C 150C 200 C - - 0.001 0.006 4.3 29.0 mmKG mmilG mmHG mmHG At 25C and 760 mmHG pressure, saturated air contains approximately 0.09 mg/1. not been found in animal life. It i3- used in capacitors, where the extreme resistance to burning required in transformers is of less im portance. . Although capacitor-and transformer-grade NOTEi 1 rag/1 - 90.0 ppm (v/v) 1 ppm (v/v) - 0.011 mg/1 1 Numbers in brackets refer to corresponding numbers in 7.1, References to the Text. askarels both contain members of the PCB family, they do differ in composition, degree of bio DSW 323995 degradability, persistance in nature, electrical STLCOPCB4075343 3.3 Employee Safety and Plant Housekeeping. ' combination of gases are very unpleasant and The procedures and limits given in 3.3 are irritating, th3 giving ample warning of their intended to be minimum requirements to be presence. If exposure to high concentrations met by manufacturers and users of capacitors of askarel i3 necessary under emergency con containing askarel. Handling, control, and ditions, an approved gas mask or self-con disposal procedures tire given, together with tained. breathing apparatus should be worn.. exposure limits and indicated antidotes and Such exposure should be under the surveillance clean-up procedures. of other personnel capable of effecting rescue 3.3.1 General Safety Precautions. Although in case of an accident. If the odor of askarel it is generally accepted that exposure to is detected by the person wearing protective capacitor-grade askarel is not hazardous equipment, he should immediately go Into fresh provided that simple precautions are taken, air. All gas masks, respirators, and replace exposure should still be avoided. ment parts should have U.S. Bureau of Mines 3.3.1.1. Vapors.' The odor of askarel is approval and be maintained on a regular noticeable well below the maximum air con schedule In accordance with the manufacturer's centrations considered safe. Up to 1.0 recommendation. milligram per cubic metre of air has been 3.3.1.2Liquid. In contrast to the situation determined to be the maximum safe level of in which mineral insulating oils axe handled, exposure during an 8-hour workday. (See re there is virtually no fire hazard in handling ference 19) askarel. A limited solvent action (similar to The procedure for performing the necessary that for paint thinner) on the fats and oils analyses.of vapors is referenced in of the skin with prolonged contact may lead to Section B3 of Appendix B. This procedure or drying and chapping of the skin. As with in its equivalent should be used. Breathing vapor or fumes from heated . sulating oil, some people are allergic to askarel, and continued exposure may result in askarel should be avoided. Provisions should skin irritation. Both the liquid and vapor be made for adequate ventilation and regula are moderately irritating to eye tissue. tion of manufacturing operations to avoid Operating procedures should be such as to open exposure to askarel (especially at tem peratures of 55C or higher). The gases pro minimize or eliminate contact with askarels. The use.of porous^gloves that .can absorb.and duced when askarel is decomposed by very high temperatures (such as that of an electric retain askarel is to be avoided. Resistant . 2gloves should be used if contact:is.unavoidable. arc) in the presence of air or organic in Use of enclosed.transfer .and .handling equipment, sulating materials contain a very high per processing equipment, and mechanical washers re centage of hydrogen chloride, and small per centages of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and oxygen. Minute concentrations of this duces direct contact. - - -" ,,,,,, DSW 323996 2 For example, Edmont-Solvit 5-352 (Mersick of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, Conn), or the equiva lent. ' -4 - STLCOPCB4075344 I i Medicinal washes or mild detergents fol pee section 3.6). Containers used to transport lowed by the application of cold cream will askarel should not be used for storage or to reduce the irritation resulting from the con transport other material without being com tact of an open cut or abrasion with askarel. pletely cleaned of all traces of askarel. Safety glasses with side shields or a (Cleaning procedures must take cognizance of face shield should be worn when handling precautions against excessive exposure and of askarels. If liguid askarel contacts the tbe need for proper disposal of contaminated eyes, the eyes Should be irrigated immediately cleansing solvents and materials as set forth with large quantities of running water for in 3.5) Transfer from shipping containers to approximately IS minutes and then examined by a physician (A drop of (U.S.P.) castor? processing systems should be through closed piping or tubing with appropriate valves, oil ha3 been found to reduce irritation). pumps, etc. Provision should be made for Persons developing a skin irritation or trapping and disposing of fluid lost by leak respiratory tract irritation while working age or spills from the transfer system and with askarels should be placed under the from the storage containers. supervision of a physician. Ingestion or Drums to be. retired from use should be swallowing of askarels is not generally re cleaned before crushing, delivery to scrap garded as a problem of the industry? However, dealers, or other disposal. Contaminated should accidental ingestion occur, a physician cleaning fluids and materials should be dis should be consulted. . posed of as indicated in 3.5. Hands should be cleaned of askarel before 3.3.3 Manufacturing Housekeeping. Manufactur eating, drinking, smoking, or using toilet ing equipment and operating procedures should facilities by mean3 of waterless hand clean ers^ and wipe towels which should then be safeguard against loss of askarels to the en vironment through proper containment and dis properly disposed of. posal procedures. 3.3.2 Bulk Fluid Shipment; Receiving and 3.3.3.1 Processing Area Control. Enclosed sys Transfer. Shipment of askarel from point of tems of sealed piping, properly gasketed joints, manufacturing to point of receiving should valve3, containers, and processing chambers be done in closed containers such as rail should be used for all operations where askarel tank cars, truck tanks, marine or barge tanks, temperatures may exceed 55C. Enclosure should or sealed drums. In case of an askarel spill preferably extend to all other portions of the during bulk fluid shipment, reference should system insofar as practicable. be made to paragraph 6.0 which provides pro Establish containment methods and/or pro cedures for control and listed authorities to cedures for all askarel processing areas to be notified. Containers should be labeled prevent loss to sewer systems by spillage, as to contents and carry a label cautioning leakage or other uncontrolled conditions or against loss of fluid to the open environment events. 3 For example, Pow'r Kleen Handcleaner, (Woodbine Chemical and Research, Inc., Medina, Ohio or Man's Hands. Oak Industries, Inc., Uoosick DSW 323997 STLCOPCB4075345 3.3.3.2 Type3 and Control of Liquid Askarel should be collected within the containment area Hastes. A3karel-containing liquid wastes may for properly controlled laundering. occur in manufacturing from sources such as 3.4 Control of Plant Effluents. the following: 1) Liquid askarel contain- 3.4.1 Hater Effluents. The industry goal is to inated during processing which i3 unsuitable eliminate askarel in plant water effluent streams. for reclaiming as a dielectric fluid, However, it is recognized that existing drain sys 2) liquid askarel from solvent operations or tems in capacitor manufacturing plants are prob water and detergent type washers, 3) vacuum ably contaminated as a result of past practices, pump oils contaminated with .askarel, 4) steam and askarel traces may continue to decrease with jet vacuum system condensates contaminated the proper containment of askarel wastes and no with askarels, and 5) askarel containing further discharges into drain systems. Other materials from laboratory samples. sections of this standard provide that no askarel Haste fluids containing askarel should be wrstes of any kind be disposed of in any water collected (by means of traps, drip pans, trays, .crj.Luent streams and that accidental spills etc) and disposal should be in accordance with fce'prevented from getting into such streams. 3.5. 3.4.1.2 Concentration Limits. The EPA has pro Spills of askarels should be contained and posed water quality criteria to maintain PCB cleaned up promptly by means of absorptive concentration in rivers and lakes below detec material, such as sawdust, or trapped and re tion level. Requirements under Sections 307(a), moved by pumping or other suitable means. 307(b) and 311 of the 1972 Amendments to the Disposal should be per 3.5. Federal Water Pollution Control Act are und'ir 3.3.3.3 Types and Control of Other Askarel Con review (1976-77) and the latest revisions will taining Hastes. Saturation of materials with apply. State and municipal requirements must askarels may occur in manufacturing from the also be met. following sources: 1) Saturated earth or other Further information may be obtained from an absorbent media from filtering operations or Environmental Protection Agency Regional Office. from cleaning up spills, 2) saturated filters A listing of these offices is contained in from vapor control devices and other filters, Appendix D. - 3) saturated wastes such as paper, rags, etc. 3.4.1.3 Honitorinq Streams. On a regular basis 4) saturated spent gasket materials and 5) capac consistent with plant situations, all effluent itors failing test3 or otherwise designated for streams should be analyzed. The procedure for disposal. performing the necessary analyses is per ASTM All of the above items should be collected Method D3304. This procedure or its equivalent for proper disposal. Hiper rags, protective 4 clothing and other extraneous materials which should be used. are likely to be soiled should preferably be made of disposable materials. Other materials I j 4 For example, Edmont-Wilson, 1294 Walnut St., Coshocton, Ohio 43812, or Slosraan Corp., P.0. Box 3014, Asheville, N.C. 28802 dSnNM98 STLCOPCB4075346 3.4.1.4 Methods for Minimizing Effluent Stream Disposal should be done in a manner which is Contamination. The ideal approach is to isolate* consistent with proper concern for the environ totally all effluents that could be contamina ment and minimizes any release of askarels to ted with askarels during manufacturing processes the environment. and prevent them from being discharged from the 3.5.1 Disposal of Capacitor Units. Scrap ca plant. Carbon absorption,limestone beds,and sol pacitor units can be generated during manufactur vent extraction'are techniques.that could be ap ing processes or during field service. Produc plied to reduce the askarel content of'effluent tion rejects are those capacitors that are re streams. These techniques may be most useful in cleaning up water used in plant processing and to permit recycling. 3.4.2 Air Effluents. The industry goal is to jected after the impregnation process in the course of production by the capacitor manufactur er. They may be rejected for mechanical or eliminate askarel vapors in plant air effluents. electrical reasons. Bant operations involving askarels at elevated Field rejects are those units that are re temperatures in excess of 55C should be per jected or, for other reasons, are to be scrapped formed, wherever possible, within closed sys after shipment from the plant where they were tems. Filtration of plant air effluents, to manufactured. minimize PCBs entry into the environment, Capacitor units should be disposed of intact, should be accomplished where envolvement of or if leaking, in sealed drums. The small amount air borne PCEs may occur from open operations. of liquid to be drained, the integrity of intact 3.4.2.1 Monitoring. All plant air effluents units and the necessity for complex control over should be sairoled and analyzed on a routine drainage procedures make intact disposal prefer basis consistent with plant situations. The able . procedure for performing the analysis is per 3.5.1.1 Production Rejects. Rejected capacitors ASTM Method D3304 (See Appendix B3). in capacitor manufacturing plants represent a 3.S Scrap-Disposal Procedures. The manufac concentration of askarel. It is, therefore, im ture and use of capacitors involves processes . portant that disposition be made in a manner con which produce askarel-saturated solids and sistent with proper concern for the environment. liquids containing or composed entirely of Preference should be given to disposal of capac askarel, which should be disposed of as wastes. itors in sites approved for hazardous waste dis Specific sources of these materials are de posal (See Appendix A). Another alternative,but scribed throughout this standard. They may less desirable, would be disposal in approved be placed into three categories: landfill sites. 1) Capacitor unit3 impregnated with askarel, production and field re jects Care should be exercised to insure that no loss of liquid will occur during transportation 2) Manufacturing process liquid wastes containing askarel 3) Solid waste purposely or accidentally saturated with askarel to the disposal site. . Incineration of scrap capacitors in facili ties designed to accept such solids would pro vide a preferential alternative to approved land fill sites when such services become available. dSNN 323999 I STLCOPCB4075347 I 3.5.1.2 Field Rejects. Wherever practical, all preferable disposal procedure is an approved askarel containing capacitors should be re moved prior to disposal of equipment. Thi3 precaution vill enhance environmental control landfill site. See Appendix A for listing of Facilities. 3.5.4 Packaging and Shipment. procedures and insure that by removing these 3.5.4.1 Transportation to the disposal facility capacitors they do not ultimately disperse should be in containers that will prevent leak their aekarel contents into an unapproved .. age and accidental loss of askarel to the en landfill site. " After removed, from equipment, capacitors <i vironment. I 3.5.4.2 Containers should be labeled as to con should be disposed in accordance with the pro- ; cedures for production rejects (3.5.1.1). Where removal of asfcarel-containing capacitors from equipment is not practical, that equip tents and precautions relative to loss to the environment per 3.3.2. 3.5.4.3 Containers for this purpose cannot ba used for any other materials or they should be ment should be disposed of only in approved retired from service until they are completely landfill sites. 3.5.2 Disposal of Liquid Wastes. All waste cleaned. Any solvents used in cleaning these containers will be contaminated with askarel askarel or liquid wastes containing askarel and should be disposed of according to the same should be disposed of in accordance with one of the procedures given in 3.5.2.1 or 3.5.2.2. However, preference should be given Incineration, 3.5.2.1. 3.5.2.1 Incineration. Proper incineration procedures described in 3.5.2. 3.6 Labeling,. Capacitor units vary greatly in size and in end use or application. Small capac itor unit3 are frequently applied as a component of ano.her piece of equipment, such as a fluores must involve a suitable balance between dwell cent lighting ballast,a roadway of area lighting time and temperature in the incinerator plus luminaire, a motor, etc. In such applications a oxygen availability, and finally, suitable label on the capacitor unit referencing approved scrubbers to remove the HCL that will be disposal procedure would not normally be visible formed; for example, 2-second dwell time at when the piece of equipment is disposed of. 2000F and 3% excess oxygen in stack gas, or . For the foregoing reasons the methods of label 1.5 second dwell time at 2700F and 2% excess ing for small capacitors and large capacitors are oxygen in stack gas. treated separately in 3.6.1 and 3.6.2, respectively. These facilities should meet the appli 3.6.1 Small Units. Small capacitors are defined as cable state requirements and should control those that contain askarel in quantities up to effluents within the limits set forth in about 2 pounds each and in which the free liquid this standard. does not exceed 0.4 pounds. They are hermetically 3.5.2.2 Chemical Wa3te Disposal. Where in cineration is not feasible, sites which have ; sealed in metalic cases. It is recommended that shipping containers from capacitor manufacturers been classified by state agencies as suitable should be labeled as to contents and that trans for disposal of chemical waste liquids should porters be given instructions, in accordance with be used (See Appendix A). paragraph 6JL2 as to procedures in the event of a 3.5.3 Disposal of Solid Wa3tea (Sea 3.5.1 for spill. scrap capacitors). All solid wastes which have If, however, a label of the capacitor is required been saturated with askarel should bo placed by statute or by specific manufacturers, tho follow in leak proof containers and preferably trans ing is suggested: ported for disposal by incineration. A less Contains PCBa. Use care in disposal. -8- DSW 324000 STLCOPCB4075348 The shipping container laJbel, yellow on or spillage that may have occurred in shipping. black, should contain the following information: If leakage is evident, the cause should be "CAUTION" Contains PCBs (Polychlorinated Bichenvls) that are environmen tal contaminants. In case of leaks or soills. restrain discharae and consult manufacturer. In transDortation emergencies, call National Response Center (800-424-8802) and Chemtrec (800-424-9300) . Avoid pro longed breathing of vapors <?r mists, contact with eyes or skin. Disposal should be in accordance with ANSI C-107 ------ -- Guidelines or applicable state and Federal statutes." corrected and the spillage soaked up with ab sorbent materials such as sawdust, followed by a cleanup of the affected area with kerosene or other approved solvent such as perchloroethylene. All materials used should be collect ed for proper disposition as described in 3.5. 3.7.3 Installation and Periodic Inspection. Large capacitors should be installed in new Small unit capacitors are applied as a facilities such that if a leak should develop, component of a large piece of equipment. askarels can be restrained from reaching the Manufacturers utilizing askarel-filled capac environment. Depending upon the type of in itors should affix a label referencing this stallation, consideration may be given to pans, standard or describing disposal procedures dams, traps, standpipes, dry wells, absorbing consistent with it. agents, etc. 3.6.2 Large Units. Large capacitor units are Following installation, the unit should defined as those which contain more than 2 again be inspected for any damage or leakage. pounds of askarel. The manufacturer should It is recommended that periodic in-service in affix a label in a conspiccus place on the spections be'made for leaks. capacitor, referencing this, standard or des cribing disposal procedures consistent'with it. As a minimum, the label should contain informmation listed in 3.6.1. 3.7 Information for Users of Large Capacitors 3.7.1 General. Large Askarel-filled capacitors contain more than 2 pounds of askarel and de livered to customers as sealed units from which there is no escape of askarel under normal operation. Although certain types of equip ment failures can permit loss of some askarel to the environment, such cases are extremely rare. 3.7.2 Transportation and Receiving. Immediately upon receipt of a shipment and following any transportation or handling accident that could effect the integrity of the capacitor enclo sure, the transportation vehicle, enclosure, and fittings should be examined for any leakage 4. Transformer Guidlines. 4.1 General. 4.1.1 Askarels of various compositional types are currently in use (for the general proper ties and types, see ASTM D2283-73a(20)). The trademark designations used by manufacturers for liquids containing PCBs are given in Appendix C. . Under arcing conditions, the gases produced, though predominantly consisting of noncombust ible hydrogen chloride, can contain varying amounts of combustible gases depending upon the askarel type. 4.1.2 Safety Precautions. Based on about 40 years of safe industrial usage, askarels have been considered as relatively harmless mater ials to humans There ha3 been no known instance of human injury when askarels are used under the normally prescribed conditions of pre caution and handling. DSW 324001 STLCOPCB4075349 " Although it has been generally thoughtthat in case of accident. If the odor of exposure to askarels is not hazardous pro askarel or its arced products is detected vided that simple precautions are taken, ex by the person wearing protective equipment, posure should still be avoided or minimized. he should immediately go into fresh air. All 4.1.2.1 Vapors. The odor of askarel is . gas masks, respirators, and replacement parts noticeable well below the maximum safe air should have U.S. Bureau of Mines approval concentrations. Depending upon the composi and be maintained on a regular schedule in tion of the askarel used, from 0.5 to 1.0 accordance with the manufacturer's recommen milligram per cubic metre of air lias been dation. determined to be the upper safe level of 4.1.2.2 Liquid. In contrast to the situa exposure during an 8-hour workday. (See re tion in which mineral insulating oils are han ference (19)). dled, there is no fire hazard in handling The procedure for performing the neces- askarels. A limited solvent action (similar sary analysis is contained in ASTM Method to that' for paint thinner) on the fats and D3304 (See Appendix B). oils of the skin with prolonged contact may Breathing vapor or fume3 from heated lead to drying and chapping of the skin. As askarels should be avoided. High concen with insulating oil, some people are allergic trations of vapors can cause irritation of to askarel, and continued exposure may result the eyes, nose, throat, and upper respira in skin irritation. Both the liquid and vapor tory tract. Provisions shall be made for are moderately irritating to eye tissue. adequate ventilation to avoid open exposure of hot askarels (55C or higher). The gases Operating procedures should require avoid ance of contact with any askarels. The use of produced when askarel is decomposed by very porous gloves that can absorb and retain high temperatures (such as that of an elelc- askarels is to be avoided. Resistant gloves tric arc) in the presence of air or organic and aprons such as the polyethylene or insulating materials contain a high percen fluoro elastomer type should be used if contact tage of hydrogen chloride which is highly is unavoidable. For some operations, it has toxic, and small percentages of other gases. been found advantageous to use non-porous, dis Minute concentrations of this combination of posable aprons and gioves. In case of spill gases are very unpleasant and irritating, age on clothing, the clothing should be re thus giving ample warning of their presence. moved as soon as practical, the skin cleaned If exposure to high concentrations of askarels with waterless cleaners or solvents such as or it3 arced products is necessary under em kerosene, and wiped dry with disposable towels. ergency conditions, an approved gas mask of - These towels should be disposed of as PCB con the organic canister type, or self-contained taminated solid wastes. See Section 4.1.6.2.2. breathing apparatus, must be worn. Such ex Clothing and shoes saturated with askarel posure should be under the surveillance of should be discarded (burnable waste). Con other personnel capable of effecting rescue taminated clothing may be reused providing that For example "VITON" -10- DSW 324002 STLCOPCB4075350 it has been thoroughly cleaned using segre 4.1.3.2 Spill Procedures - Bulk liquid shipments gated solvents or a segregated degreaser, See Section 6. then followed by normal laundering- (Launder 4.1.4 Receiving, Handling, and Storage of ing alone is not sufficient.) Askarels. Medicinal washes or mild detergents Askarels are shipped in tank cars, tank followed by the application of cold cream ' trucks, steel drums, metal cans, and test- will reduce the irritation resulting from sample containers. When received, all con the contact of an open cut or abrasion with tainers should be inspected for leaks. askarel. 4.1.4.1 Storage Tanks. Storage tanks should Safety glasses with side shields or a be erected so that inspection can be made for face shield should be worn when handling leak3 or spills. Construction should be such askarels. Eyes that have been exposed to that inadvertent leakage or spills are pre liquid askarel should be irrigated immedi-- vented from reaching streams and sanitary or ately with large quantities of running water storm sewers. for approximately 15 minutes and then exam 4.1.4.2 Tank Cars and Tank Trucks. All bulk ined by a physician. (A drop of (U.S.P.)cas shipment equipment should be inspected for tor oil has been found to reduce irritation.) leaks immediately upon receipt. Drain pans Ingestion or swallowing of askarels is should be provided to prevent spillage from un .not generally regarded as a problem of the loading hoses and connections. Askarel liquid industry;- however, should accidental inges tion occur, a physician should be consulted. Hands should be cleaned as noted above collected in drain pans should be placed in drums labeled "Scrap Askarel" for disposition in accordance with 4.1.6.2.1. before eating, drinking, smoking or using 4.1.4.3 Steel Drums, Cans, and Test Sample Con toilet facilities. tainers. On delivery, all such shipments should be carefully inspected for leaks. The contain 4.1.3 Liquid Transport Containers. ers should be stored indoors in an area expe- 4.1.3.1 Transport Container Marking. Any con cially selected for this purpose. A curb tainer, such as tank cars, tank trucks, drums, should enclose the area to .provide a basin for cans, etc., used to transport transformer askarels, new or used, should be labeled containing the askarel from one or more con tainers should the containers be damaged. The with the following(yellow on black): area should not have a drain that is connected CAUTION" Contains PCBs(Polychlorinated Biphenyls) that are environmental contaminants. In case of leaks or spills, restrain discharge and consult manufacturer. In transpor tation emergencies, call National Response Center (800-424-8802) and Chemtrec (800-424-9300). Avoid pro longed breathing of vapors or mists, contact with eyes or skin. Disposal should be in accordance with ANSI C-107 Guidelines or applicable state and Federal sta tutes ." to a sanitary or storm sewer. If an indoor storage area is not possible, the containers should be stored under a leanto with similar containment capabilities. DSV\/ 324003 STLCOPCB4075351 4.1.5 Control of Water Effluents. The indu3try goal i.3 to eliminate a3karel in water effluent streams. However, it is recognized that existing drain systems from manufacturing plants, repair shops, and installation sites may be contaminated as a result of past practices. Other sections of this standard provide that no askarel wastes -of any kind be disposed of in any water effluent streams and that accidental spills be prevented from getting into such streams. 4.1.5.1 Concentration limits. The EPA has proposed water quality criteria to maintain PCB concentration in rivers and lakes below detection level. Requirements under Sections 307(a), 307(b), and 311 of the 1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act are under review (1976-77) and the latest revisions will apply. State and municipal requirements must also be met. Further information may be obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency Regional Office. A listing of these offices is contained in Appendix D. 4.1.5.2 Monitoring Streams. All plant effluent streams should be monitored on a regular basis. The procedure for performing" the necessary analysis i3 contained in ASTM Method D3304 (See Appendix B). 4.1.5.3 Methods for Minimizing Effluent -Stream Contamination. The ideal approach is to totally isolate all effluents that could be contaminated with askarels during manufacturing processes and prevent them from being discharged from the,plant. 4.1.6 disposal procedures and Services. 4.1.6.1 Sources of Materials Requiring Special Handlinq and Disposal Procedures. Liquids con- taining PCBs and solids containing or con- taminated with PCBs may come from many sources including transport containers, trans- former manufacturing processes, in-test failures. liquids contaminated beyond reclamation, in- service transformer leaks and failures, askarel- filled transformers scrapped for any reason. sample containers and handling equipment. 4.1.6.2 Classification for Disposal of Mater- ials Containing PCBs. in general, there are four types of materials requiring disposal: burnable liquids contaminated with PCBs; non- burnable liquids contaminated with PCBs; burn- able solids contaminated with PCBs; and non- burnable , solids contaminated with PCEs. 4.1.6.2.1 Burnable Liquids. Liquids containing PCBs . requiring disposal by high-temperature incineration may consist of the following; (1) PCBs contaminated with mineral oil. (2) Mineral oil contaminated with PCBs. (3) Nonreclaimable contaminated trans- former askarels, arced askarels. askarels from manufacturing spills. sump accumulation, askarels from holding basins,, drip and drain pans. washings, sample jars and containers. etc. 4.1.6.2.2 Nonburnable Liquids (Water) Con- taminated with PCBs. Water contaminated with PCB3 may be treated by such means as activated carbon filtration or by a reductive dechlorina- tion process, providing that the effluent meets Federal and State water effluent standards. Such liquids may also be disposed of, packed in suitable containers. In approved landfills. See Appendix A. DSW 324004 _ 1 *9 _ STLCOPCB4075352 4.1.C.2.3 Burnable Solid Waste Materials 4.1.6.4 Shipment of Burnable Solid Haste Contaminated with PCBs. These materials can Material Containing PCBs for Disoosal. be disposed of by high-temperature incineration Material of this type should be placed in a and consist of cellulosic materials, rag3. liquid-tight container meeting Federal and pressboard, wood, sawdust, fuller's earth in State transportation requirements, and bulk or in cloth bags, blotter papers, nitrile acceptable to the disposal organization. The or cork gaskets, etc. .. container should be properly labeled (Section 4.1.6.2.4 Nonburnable Solid Waste Materials 4.1.3.1) for shipment to a company offering Containing or Contaminated with PCBs. These an acceptable disposal service (Appendix A). materials may consist of steel, cooper. 4.1.6.5 Liquid and Solid Waste Disposal Ser- aluminum, filter units of the steel mesh con- vice Organizations. These facilities should struction type, askarel drums, can3, etc. meet the applicable requirements of the state Materials of this nature should be allow- in which they are located and should control ed to drain with liquids collected in drip effluents within the limits referred to in pans, etc. Further removal of adhering PCBs Section 4.1.5.1. should be accomplished by vapor degreasing. 4.2 Guidelines for Orioinal Manufacture, Ser- washing or solvent extraction with kerosene vice and Repair Shops. or other approved washing liquids such as 4.2.1 Plant Housekeeping It is necessary to perchloroethylene. Accumulated liquids assume that in filling equipment with askarel, should be disposed of as indicated in . and during further handling of this equipment, 4.1.6.2.1. Solid materials as cleaned above an askarel spill may occur. Therefore, it is may be handled as normal scrap. ncessary to provide facilities and a procedure Coil structures may be dismantled with for cleanup to prevent contamination. burnable material removed. Metals should be 4.2.1.1 Askarel Filling Area. treated as noted above, and burnable solids 4.2.1.1.1 It is desirable that the askarel disposed of in accordance with Section 4.1.6. filling area be adjacent to the test area and 2.3. An alternative but less desirable pro- final shipping area to minimize the danger of cedure for disposal of coils, cores, burnable damage to unit3 during handling. waste, etc., is to suitably package and bury 4.2.1.1.2 The main manufacturing area for in an approved landfill 3ite. See Appendix A. filling equipment with askarel should be pro- 4.1.6.3 Shipment of Scrap Liquids For Dis- vided with impervious surface floors or suit- posal. All liquid scrap material should be able basins so constructed that any inadvertent placed in appropriate metal transport con- leakage or spills are prevented from reaching tainer3, properly labeled (Section 4.1.3.1) streams, sanitary sewers, or storm sewers. for shipment to a company offering an accept- All askarel-handling equipment, such as pumps. able disposal service (Appendix A) . ' hoses, etc., shall be of the askarel-resistent type. DSW 324005 -13- STLCOPCB4075353 4.2.1.1.3 Drip pans shall be provided for for disposition. Cloth bags filled with fuller's hose connections and filling valves. earth should be placed in the "SCRAP BURNABLE 4.2.1.2 Special Containers for Scrap Mater ASKAREL WASTE" container for disposition. ials. 4.2.1.4' Teardown of Units for Repair or Scrap. 4.2.1.2.1 Drums labeled "SCRAP ASKAREL" 4.2.1.4.1 Drain all askarel from the unit either should be available for handling all spilled into a holding tank for reuse or into the drum and waste askarel from sumps, failed units, labeled "SCRAP ASKAREL" for disposition, allow drip pans, sample jars, etc. 4.2.1.2.2 Open-head drums with suitable Closures and labeled "SCRAP EURNABLE ASKAREL ing sufficient time for all of the askarel to drain from the core and coils. 4.2.1.4.2 Remove the core and coil assembly WASTE" should be available for handling con from the transformer tank and place over a suit taminated cellulose insulation, rags, paper, able drip pan. pressboard, wood, gaskets, sawdust, etc. 4.2.1.4.3 Place all materials in the appropriate 4.2.1.2.3 Separate containers for handling steel, copper, and aluminum, each adequately salvage .containers during dismantling for later disposition. marked, shall be provided for the components 4.2.1.4.4 All used materialsincluding rags, of contaminated core and coil assemblies. sawdust, tape, etc., regardless of quantity, These containers are required for the various shall be put into the appropriate containers for materials when repairing or scrapping disposition. assemblies. 4.2.1.2.4 Containers for supplies of mater 4.2.2 Transformer Labeling and Shipment 4.2.2.1 New and Rebuilt Transformers. All new ials for absorbing small askarel spills or and rebuilt transformers that contain PCBs shall cleanup of larger spills should be provided. have a label of adequate durability, permanently 4.2.1.3 Conditioning of Askarels. and prominently attached to the tank by the manu 4.2.1.3.1 Askarel Conditioning Equipment. facturer, giving adequate warning and instruc The conditioning unit should be located tions. A suggested label, yellow on black, in either in the storage tank area or in the . cludes the following: main transformer manufacturing area for ' filling'with askarel. 4.2.1.3.2 Fuller's Earth. Conditioning of new askarel or recycled askarel requires fuller's earth treatment. The spent fuller's earth in cartridges or bags, when replaced, should be allowed to drain thoroughly over drip pans to remove as much liquid askarel "CAUTION" Contains PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) that are environmen tal contaminants. In case of leaks or spills, restrain dis charge and consult manufacturer. In transportation emergencies, call National Response Center (800-424-8802) and Chemtrec (800-424-9300). Avoid prolonged breathing of vapors or mists, contact with eyes or skin. Dis posal should be in accordance with ANSI C-107 Guidelines or applicable state and Federal sta- 'tutes." as possible. The cartridge unit3 of steel 4.2.2.2 In-Service Transformers. The Transformer mesh construction should be placed in the manufacturer should make available suitable labels "STEEL CONTAMINATED WITH ASKAREL" container with similar warning as shown in 4.2.2.1 for use on existing transformers. 4.2.2.3 Shipping papers should contain the warning statements given in 6.3.2. -14- DSW 324006 STLCOPCB4075354 4.2.3 Information for Transformer Users 4.2.3.1 General. Askarel-filled transformers are delivered to customers as sealed units from which there is no escape of askarel under normal operation. Although certain types of equipment failures can permit loss of some askarel to the environment, such cases are extremely rare. 4.2.3.2 Transportation and Receiving. Im mediately upon receipt of the equipment and following any transportation or handling accident that could affect the integrity of the tank, bushings, or radiators, the trans portation vehicle, tank, and fittings should be examined for any leakage or spillage that may have occurred in shipping. If leakage is evident, the cause should be corrected and the spillage soaked up with absorbent mater ials such as sawdust, followed by a cleanup of the affected area with rags soaked with kerosene or other approved solvent such aa perchloroethylene. All materials used should be collected for proper disposition as des cribed in 4.1.6. 4.2.3.3 Installation and Periodic Inspection. Transformers should be installed so that if a leak should develop, askarels can be re strained from reaching the environment. De pending upon the type of installation, con sideration may be given to pans, dams, traps, standpipes, dry well3, absorbing agents, etc. Following installation, the unit should again be inspected for any damage or leakage. It is recommended that periodic in-service in spections be made for any leaks. 4.2.3.4 'Filling, Filtering, or Drying Askarel. Most askarel units are shipped with the proper amount of askarel, but if it becomes necessary to top off a unit, the manufacturers*s in structions should be followed. . If it is necessary to dry an askarel unit or to treat an askarel unit with fuller's earth, instructions should be followed. When filtering or conditioning askarel, all of the precautions previously described for drip pans, proper disposal of filter media, etc. apply. 4.2.3.5 Sampling. It is common practice to sample askarel from a transformer for periodic maintenance testing. As previously described, such samples should be taken in a manner to avoid any contamination of the environment. Washings should be collected for proper dis posal. Field and laboratory test samples, washings, etc., should also be collected for proper disposal.(See Section 5). 4.2.3.6 Transformers Installed in Moving Vehicles. In the event of a leak or accidental spill, the procedures outlined in Section 6 should be followed. . 4.3 Retrofilling Apparatus Containing Askarels. It is not recommended that apparatus containing PCB liquids be changed to other liquids. It is recognized that the best possible change-out procedures will still leave appreciable PCBs in the apparatus. Apparatus that has contained PCBs which ha3 been replaced with another fluid should be labeled as indicated below, and the disposal ultimately should follow the same disposal procedures as those recommended for PCB liquids and PCB-filled apparatus. -15- DSW 324007 STLCOPCB4075355 Label (yellow cn black) 6 Spill Notification and Control Plan CAUTION: Contains liquid con taminated with PCBs an environmental con taminant. Changed to (describe liquid) on (give date). 4.4 Transformer Disposal. The ultimate disposal of a PCB-containr- ing transformer may be accomplished by the following procedures: 1. Contract wit): a qualified organiza tion for disposal of the complete transformer. 2. Where acceptable facilities are available, the following alterna tive procedures are recommended: (a) Always drain the liquid and ' dispose of it by approved incineration. (b) For the solid components or for the entire structure, either of the following procedures are recommended: Polychlorinated Biohenyl(PCBs) The immediate actions needed are to contain or restrain liquid spills with the best means available and to notify "CHEMTREC" and "The National Response Center." "The basis for this spill notifica tion and control plan relies on Chemtrec to advise on the immediate actions needed to contain or restrain the liquid spill with the best means available based on listed instructions. The National Response Center will notify all interested parties, i.e. Federal and State authorities and the manufacturers involved, as well as give guidance on action to be taken." FAILURE TO REPORT SPILLS TO PROPER AUTHORITIES KAY RESULT IN CRIMINAL PENALTIES. ` 6.1 Chemtrec 6.1.1 What is it. - Chemtrec stands for Chemical Transportation Emergency Center, a public service of the Manufacturing Chemists i. Dismantle, wash and dispose in accordancs with Section 4.1.6. Association at its offices in Washington, D.C. Chemtrec provides immediate advice for ii. . Ship entire solid struc ture to acceptable organ ization for disposal. those at the scene of emergencies, then prompt ly contacts the shipper of the chemicals in iii. Ship to acceptable land fill disposal site. (See Appendix A). volved for more detailed assistance and appro priate follow-up. 5. Disposal of Laboratory Samples Containlng PCBs. The disposal of laboratory samples and materials used for testing and experimental purposes which contain, are impregnated with, or contaminated by PCBs (askarels) must be carefully controlled. Their disposition ' should be made in a manner consistent with procedures in 3.5.2 and 3.5.3 (Capacitors) Chemtrec operates around the clock - 24 hours a day, seven days a week - to receive direct-dial toll-free calls from any point in the continental United States through a wide area telephone service (WATS) number, 800-424-9300 (483-7616 for calls originating within the District of Columbia; 202-483-7616 for calls originating outside the continental U.S.). and 4.1.6 (Transformers). DSW 324008 STLCOPCB4075356 6.1.2 It is recommended that all past and 6.4 Installed Equipment present manu.facturersof PCBs and PCB-con- It is recommended that all users should have an taining equipment be listed with Cheratrec. on-site spill prevention counter-measure and Contact "CHEKTREC* at.the manufacturing control plan which should be followed in the Chemists Association, 1825 Connecticut Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009. event of an accident. 6.4.1 Capacitors 6.2 Rational Response Center. 6.2.1 What is it - ' Location: O.S. Coast Guard Headquarters, Nassif Building, 400 7th Street, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20590. Function: To coordinate pollution emergen cies when national involvement is required. Nationwide Reporting Network for receiving pollution reports. The basis of this net work i3 a well publicized toll-free tele Capacitors should be installed in accordance with 3.7.3. 6.4.2 Transformers Transformers should be installed in accordance with Section 4.2.3.3. 6.4.3 Spills In case of liquid spills due to leaks or equipment failures, the procedures outlined in sections 3.7.2 for capacitors and 4.2.3.2 for transformers should be followed. . phone number (800-424-8802) which anyone may use to call-the National Response Cen ter reporting pollution incidents or acci dents which may result in pollution. Relay of Pollution Reports to the local representatives of the Federal Agency re sponsible for action when a pollution dis charge has .occurred. When necessary, other v specific local, regional, or national rep resentatives for the various agencies will - also be notified. 6.3 Shipment of Liquids and Equipment Con taining PCBs. 6.3.1 Labeling All containers and equip ment containing PCBs shall be labeled in accordance v;ith sections 3.6, 4.1.3, 4.2.2.1 and 4.3. 6.3.2 Shipping Papers. Shipping papers should contain the following warning state ment : ' CAUTION: Contains PCBs(askarel) that are environmental contaminants. In case of leaks, or spills, restrain discharge, DO NOT FLUSH. For further instructions call Chemtrec (800-424-9300) and the manufac turer. Also notify: National P.esponse Center (800-424-8802). 7. REFERENCES 7.1 References to Text (1) Standard Method of Test for Rapid Gas Chromatographic Estimation of High Boiling Homologues of Chlorinated Biphenyls for Capa citor Askarels,(ASTM D3303-741. (2) American National Standard Method of Test for Specific Gravity of Askarels, C59.1965 (R1973) [ASTM D 1810-63 (1973)1- (3) American National Standard Method of Test for Neutralization Number bv Color-Indicator Titration, Zll,131-1964 (R1974) [ASTM D 976-64 (1973), IP 139/65]. (4) American National Standard Method of Test for Neutralization Number by Potentiometric Titration, Zll.59-1958 (R1971) [ASTM D664-58 (1968), IP 177/64) . (5) Standard Method of Test for Density of Rubber Chemicals,[ ASTM D 1817-66 (1972)]. (6) American National Standard Method of Test for Inorganic Chlorides in Askarels, C59.55-1963 (R1973)[ ASTM D 1821-63 (1973)]. (7) American National Standard Method of Test for Pour Point of Petroleum Oils, Zll.5-1966 (R1972) (ASTM D 97-66 (1971), IP 15/67)]. (8) American National Standard Method of Te3t for Power Factor and Dielectric Constant of Electrical Insulating Liquids, C59.22-1967 (R1973)( ASTM D 924-65 (1973)]. DSW 324009 J i ! STLCOPCB4075357 (9) American National Standard Method of Test for Specific Resistance (resistivity) of Electrical Insulating Liquids, C59.51-1965 (R1973) [ ASTM D 1169-64 (1973)] . (10) American National Standard Method of Test for Hydrolyzable Chlorine Compounds in Chlorinated /aromatic Hydrocarbons (Askarel) C59.106-1970[ASTM D 1820-65 (1971)]. (11) American National Standard Method of Test for Thermal Stability of Chlorinated Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Askarels), C59-.1111970 [.ASTM D 1936-64 (1971)].. (12) American National Standard Method of Test for Distillation of Road Tar3, A37.91974 [ ASTM D20-72]. (13) American Rational Standard Methods of Testing Electrical Insulating Oils, C59.21974 ASTM D 117-71 (1973) (14) American National Standard Method of Test for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes, C59.19-1968 (R1973) [ ASTM D 877-67 (1971)]. (15) American National Standard Method of Test for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup, Xll.6-1973 [ASTM D 92-74, IP 36/67] . (If) American National Standard Method of Test for Saybolt Viscosity, Zll.2-1956 (R1971) [.ASTM D 88-56 (1973)] . (17) American National Standard Method of Test for Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Electrical Insulating Liquids of Petroleum Origin, and Askarels, C59. 57-1963 (1973) ' [ASTM D 1903-63 (1973)].' (18) MUNCH, R.H. Measuring the dissipation factor, dielectric constant, and resistivity of liquids. Insulation/Circuits, vol 16, Mar. 1970, pp 46-49. (19) Chlorodiphenyls. Hygienic Guide Series. Westmont, New Jersey: American Industrial Hygiene Association, Jan-Feb 1965. . (20) Standard Specification for Chlorinated Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Askarels) for Trans formers,! ASTM D 2283-73a]. 7.2 General References Polychlorinated Biphenyls and the Environment, Interdepartmental Task Force on PCBs, Wash ington, D.C., May 1972. (National Technical Information Service, U.S. Dept, of Commerce, Springfield, Va. 22151.) {COM-72-10419). DRINKER, C.K. Further observations on the possible systemic toxity of certain of the chlorinated hydrocarbons. Journal of Indus-. trail Hyoiene and Toxicology, vol 21, 1939, * pp 155-159. 1 DRINKER, C.K.; WARREN, M.F.; AND BENNET, G.A. The problem of possible system-lb. effects from chlorinated hydrocarbons, Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, vol" 19"," 1937, pp-31.1-328. ELKINS, H.B. The Chemistry of Industrial Toxicology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1959. GREENBURG, L. ? I5AYERS, M.R.f AND SMITH, A.R. The systemic effects resulting from exposure to certain chlorinated hydrocarbons. Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, voi. 21, 1939, pp 29-38. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Sub stances and Physical Agents in "the WorkroorT~Envlronmont. Cincinnati: American Conference of Govenuental Industrial Hygienists, 1973. TREON, J.F.; CLEVELAND, F.P.;CAPPEL, J; and ATCTILEY, R.W. The toxicity of the vapors of /nroclor 1242 and Arcelor 1254. American Industrial Hygiene Association Quarterly, volTTV, 1956, pp 204-211 8. REVISION OF AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS RE FERRED TO IN THIS DOCUMENT. When the American National Standards referred to in this document are superseded by a revision approved by the American National Standards In stitute, Inc., the revision shall apply. DSW 324010 -IQ. STLCOPCB4075358 APPENDIXES (The3e Appendixes are not a part of American National Standard Guidelines for Handling and Disposal of Capacitor - and Trans former-Grade Askarels Containing Polychlorinated Biphenyls, C107.1 -197 , but are included for information purposes only. APPENDIX A Disposal Services (g) Richmond Sanitary Service Richmond, California (415-234-3304) All forms. In addition to the supervised dry-land fill sites that may be used for the disposal of askarel-containing scrap, the following additional known facilities and services have been established. For other facilities, call your regional Environmental Protection Agency Office. (See Appendix D). 2. Chemical Waste Disposal Co. Elizabeth, H.J. (201-351-5460) Disposal by incineration 3. Chem-Trol Pollution Services, Inc. P.O. Eo>: 200 1550 Balmer Road Model City, N.Y. 14107 Phone; 716-754-8231 Can handle solids and liquids by incinera tion or land disposal. . The firms listed below (not all-inclusive) will accept PCBs for treatment or disposal, as noted. The Environmental Protection Agency does not endorse any of these firms and cannot vouch for the environmental adequacy of their operations. Each of these firms has been contacted and reports having the required technical characteris tics to adequately handle PCBs, in accord ance with Recommended Procedures for the Disposal of PCB-Containing Waste (Indus trial Facilities) as published by SPA'in the Federal Register. The appropriate State or EPA Regional Office should be consulted for environmental suitability of the firm/site. This organization has facilities and ser vices capable of handling: (1) Liquids. solvents or oils. incineration. Askarels alone or mixed with Disposal by High-temperature (2) Solids (software). Askarel-soaked com pounds, rags, cartons, absorbing earths, etc. Disposal Ly incineration or scientific landfill. (3) Solids (hardware). Capacitors, trans former tanks, cores, askarel-soaked metals. Disposal by scientiric landfill. Has solvent extraction capability. 1. California Class I Landfills 4. Hyon Waste Management Services, Inc. Chicago, 111. (312-646-0016) (a) Casmalia Disposal Site Santa Barbara, California (800-969-4703) Can handle solids and liquids by incinera Bulk Liquids and drummed materials. tion. (b) BKK Corporation Wilmington, California (213-775-3607) 5. Monsanto Company All forms. 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard St. Louis, Missouri 63166 (c) Environmental Protection Corporation Phone: 314-694-3352 Bakersfield, California All forms. Handles only liquid askarels manufactured (d) County of Los Angeles Whittier, California (213-699-7411) Facilities: Palos Verdes Calsbasas All forms. . (e) San Diego County San Diego, California (714-565-5703) All forms (f) Ventura County Dept, of Public Work3 Ventura, California (805-648-2717) All forms. by Monsanto. Disposal is by incineration. This organization has facilities and ser vices capable of handling askarel liquids alone or mixed with other oils or solvents by hightemperature incineration. Liquid is pumped through a gun with atomizing steam into incinera tor. DSW 324011 -19- STLCOPCB4075359 Temperatures are maintained at 2000F with auxiliary natural gas. Exit gases are quen ched to 180F by contact with water. Gas is then passed through a high-energy venturi . scrubber for removal of particulates. Before exhausting to air (110F, gases are passed through a packed column scrubber to remove HC1. Askarel liquids containing more than 1% water, or any phosphate esters cannot bo accepted. 6. Nuclear Engineering Co., Inc. Lousiville, KY. (502-426-7160) Facilities: Sheffield, 111. Beatty, Rev. Disposal by landfill; Can handle drummed liquids and solids. Nuclear Engineering Company Eastern Division P.O. Box 146 Morehead, Ky. 40351 Phone: 606-784-6611 Nuclear Engineering Company Dicuosal Division Sheffield, 111. 61341 Phone: 815-454-2624 The organization provides containerization, transporation, and disposal services of all liquids and solids (including hardware). Dis posal is in controlled chemical and scientific landfill area. Licensed by Atomic Energy Commission for radioactive waste disposal. The organization also has two West Coast loca tions, in the states of California and Washin- ton. 7. Rollins Environmental Services, Inc. P.O. Box 2349 Wilmington, Delaware 19899 Phone: 320-658-8541 This organization ha3 facilities and ser vices capable of handling; (1) Liquids. Askarel alone or mixed with .poivents or oils. Disposal is by high-temper ature incineration. (2) Solids (software). Aakarel-soaked com pounds, rags, cartons, absorbing earths, etc. Disposal is by incigeration at combustion terapeatures up to 2500 F. Incineration gases are scrubbed, and entrained solids are removed be fore exhausting to air. Rollins Environmental Services maintains dis posal facilities in the following areas: Philadelphia/Camden: Rollins Environmental Services, Route 322 ' Logan Township Bridgeport, New Jersey 08014 Inc. Baton Rouge: Rollins Environmental Services, Inc. Scenic Highway & West Cheatham Lane Scotlandville East Baton Rouge Parish, La. 70807 Houston: Rollins Environmental Services, Tidal Road & Highway 134 Deer Park,Texas 77536 Inc. 8. Texas Ecologists, Inc. Robstown, Texas Phone: 512-387-3518 Disposal by landfill.. . 9. Wes Con, Inc. Twin Falls, Idaho (208-733-0897) ' Receive packaged materials for disposal in missile silos. 10. Gedcor Environmental Protection Corp. 1313 Newburgh Rd. Westland, Michigan 48185 Phone: 313-326-0600 - Will accept transformers, capacitors and PCBs solidified in Imbiber* beads. APPENDIX B ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES AND LABORATORY SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS. Bl. General Analysis for PCB in environmental samples is a tedious process due to the very low levels (ppb or ppt) which are of interest and due to the high sensitivity of the electron capture chromatographic procedure. It cannot be over emphasized that extreme care must be taken to ensure first that the sample is representative and second that sufficient numbers of blanks. *Dow Chemical Corp. DSW 324012 -20- STLCOPCB4075360 and sample replicates are tested to define DOMESTIC detectability limits and precision of the particular equipment and procedure being used Cleanliness of sampling devices and contain ers and their extraction is also important. Analytical procedures for the determination of PCBs in air, water and sediments are given in section B3. B2. Laboratories For a listing of laboratories offering services for PCB analysis refer to Directory of Testing Laboratories publication STP333A available from the American Society for Test ing and Materials (ASTM) 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103. If an outside laboratory is used, a verification of capabil ity is recommended. B3. Analytical Procedures NAME Askarel* Chlorextol CLorinol Clorphen Diaclor Dykanol Elemex Eucarel -Hyvol Inerteen No-Flaraol Pyranol Saf-T-Kuhl MANUFACTURER Universal Mfg. Company Allis-Chalmers Sprague Electric JARD Company, Inc. Sangamo Electric Cornell Dubil'ier McGraw Edison Electric Utilities Corp. Aerovox Westinghouse Electric Wagner Electric General Electric Kuhlman Electric OFFSHORE Clophen Fenclor Kennechlor Phenoclor DK Pyralene Pyroclor Solvol Bayer (Germany) Caffaro (Italy) Kenneclor (Japan) Prodelec (France) Caffaro (Italy) Prodelec (France) Monsanto (UK) USSR World-Wide generic name used for insulating liquids in capacitors and transformers that usually contain PCB's. See ASTM D3304-74, "Analysis of Environ- APPENDIX D mental Materials for Polychlorinated Biphenyls". ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY REGIONAL OFFICES. APPENDIX C TRADEMARK DESIGNATIONS USED BY MANUFACTUR ERS FOR LIQUIDS CONTAINING PCBs. Capacitors or transformers in service and liquid shipments showing the following trade mark designations contain PCBs. These have been or are in use and usually the designa tion appears on the nameplate or the warning label. NAME Aroclor Aroclor B Asbestol Askarel* Askarel* DOMESTIC MANUFACTURER Monsanto Mallory American Corporation Hcvi-Duty Corporation Ferranti-Packard Ltd. Environmental Protection Agency Region I, Room 2303 John F. Kennedy Federal Building Boston, Massachusetts 02203 Telephone: 617-223-7265 Environmental Protection Agency Region II, Room 909 26 Federal Plaza New York, New York 10007 Telephone: 201-548-8730 Environmental Protection Agency Region II Curtis Bldg., 6th & Walnut Sts. Philadelphia, Pa. 19106 Telephone: 215-597-9898 Environmental Protection Agency Region IV 1421 Peachtree Street, N.E. Atlanta, Georgia 30909 Telephone: 404-526-5062 Environmental Protection Agency Region V 230 South Dearborn Street Chicago, Illinois 60604 Telephone: 312-896-7591 DSW 324013 -21- STLCOPCB4075361 Environmental Protection Agency Region VI, Suite 1000 1600 Patterson Street Dallas, Texas 75201 Environmental Protection Agency Region VII 1705 Baltimore Avenue Kansas City, Missouri 64100 Telephone: 016-374-3778 Environmental Protection Agency Region VIII, Suite 900 1860 Lincoln Street Denver, Colorado 00208 Telepnone: 303-837-3880 Environmental Protection Agency Region IX 100 California Street San Francisco, California 94111 fenvironmental Protection Agency Region X 1200 Sixth Avenue Seattle, Washington 98101 Telephone: 206-442-1263 -22- DSW 324014 STLCOPCB4075362