Document 44J8mQ43zryZ36jDL98bYyng1

lurface Water Made Fit for Boilers m I. ^jyjng dll water needt for a large-wale refinery is a problem. Esso Standard Oil Co draws its. water from 8round wash, say. A l Wilson, power-plant chief These paraliel-coonected tank heatera are 10 ft dia by 36 ft long. They stand on end so, carrying their norms) level of water, they furnish a .`gKood positive idEoier. end then prepares it for corrosion-free service r"R|,lr 20-rain upp]y under IDSSr usubI 650,000-lb-per-hr water demand.. An alarm system, which rings in both 5 pump room and at heaters, sets as an itccos at Esso Standard On Lx"lp*jif'* Baywsy Refinery In Linden, Inquir e ----s--o-u*-nddlly- .enn.g!imn.e.e^reId myeSt Hjftfletible system, jgiv-water supply consists of surface ftgfcolleeted in a system of retain* f&buuu- Usual treatment ior such k&n>bvolve heavy filtering. Not so temperature and nature of water. Both of those vary somewhat depending on vsarrUio.uias ffaarcttAorrss ll.ilkrrea asaeaaas.o1n. aoIf ltbhe. uye.aarr. Usual arrangement colls for a filter ing operation on water leaving the floe-formation tanks. Function oJ filtra tion is to clarify the water. At Bayway, however, ase of fire reaction tanka, operating precaution against a falling water level. HEAT EXCHANOi A very interesting and unusual devi ation from general practice la loading these deaerators with field stone of about 6-In. dia. )u presenee as a heat iJSSsywsy. Bgtte* pumps pull water into a cold(Srtp tank from which it flows into well. This point supplies power* KfttWiog-water needs for generator jh&Sariop, oil cooling. Returns from scheduled cleanings, a sufficiently long stay within a tank for complete settling, ell combine to give a water clear enough lor plant servfce. FEEDWATER FLOW balancer plus the 20-mln reserve per* rails water held at 222 to 215 F to rid itself completely of all dissolved gases. This deaerating heater holds water temperature constant at the higher level tt&Wvice join other waters from the /aiu`wtll ot a second well. SlFuap* pu 11 from this level to o water line to provide cooling 2. Start electrolyte pump, fiiDeetini tank. This same tank receives xjlj^'cflflrfenied flash steam from the . oot included,'in die graph shows shore. 3. Raise electrode io (he >H|,r |teler blowdown-recovery tank (2) Curves in' Fig. 5 show that at 65 C re whereby the temperature of the elec sistance is roughly 50% oi that at 20 C trolyte ahead of the cooler controls maximum gap position. This tripi'l interlocks on the pulley wheel, wt jSstei water and condensate from Emctsa (3) hot water from compressors In other words, the electrolyte hat a the cooling-water flow. The tempera in turn allows dosing the primary t raffiitpilir steam-driven equipment negative temperature coefficient ol it' ture of the electrolyte is thus main tro| on the motor. The motor esnaet Ji^i'btentuUenl excess exhaust steam aistanee. tained at e constant value and a mini storied unless the movable electzeu-. Kum through a barometric condenser. Since the operating mechanism adjusts the gap between the electrodes mum amount of cooling.weter How b used. are in the maximum resistance positfay Ilwngei temperature of tank runt about 4. Close primary control. yp/r. to hold the required resistance, changes For any given horsepower dissipation, 5. After the motor has started, dy comes the chemical-treatment in resistance due to temperature may the electrolyte flow depends entirely electrodes ere lowered to obtaia: lEj.iioie exactly, coagulation stage. A be compensated ior automatically. upon the temperature differential, or desired operating speed. -'( iTbrc* of five reaction tanks, 30-ft dia x difference between hot and cold elec CeeJIog. Aa already indicated, heat 6. For maximum speed, the elttg .S-Jt. depth, act as mixing chambers ' loss in the rheostat (1*R loss due to trolyte temperatures In the system. trades are lowered to the minimum WJ incoming raw water and a varying dew of current) is generated within Curves in Fig. 6 show that , the maxi (minimum resistance) position. A* of chemicals consisting of lime, the electrolyte itself. This energy must mum flow of electrolyte is required for movable electrodes approach the mU Jw9" aluminate, soda ash, iron sul- bo removed from the electrolyte at the (lie smallest differential in temperature. tionary ones, mechanical stops eajte csuitic soda. Sediment, settling same rale that it is generated to main Cooling-water flow, required by the heat tain constant temperatures. exchanger to limit the temperatures upper assembly prevent upper t lower electrodes from touching- pj ftfekottoBi of these tanka, amounts to '^^12 tons per day. Fig. 4 shows a piping layout ol a between tbe values given, depends en 7. The bellows-operated valve. ft* COAGULATION PROCESS typical installation with external cool* era. The electrolyte's circulating pump tirely upon the specifications of the heat-exchanger manufacturer. Approxi trolled by the electrolyte letoper*^ from the regulator, keeps tbe coolitf; jft^iace .waters carry considerable operates at a positive head above the Intake. Since no air pockets are allowed mately 114 gal per minute of electro lyte must be circulated per IQQ hp water flow at a minimum for the ^ sired setting of electrolyte (j^'^'ided and suspended matter' "Noidat state. Chemicals men- to accumulate in the piping system at dissipation for an average value of 25 C differential. Cooling-water flow *18 *bove speed the settling of this any point, sump tanks and aimliar de. ices are not required for successful temperature differential between the hot and cold electrolyto. directly with the energy being pflted by the rheostat. ,Kj?Pided matter. The floe or the jelly* jjf> mass, which binds together silt, operation of the rheostat Typical Operation. To better under 8. To lower the motet tpoeA. |$SJriia and other organic material The over-temperature relay provides stand a liquid rheostat's operation, let's movable electrodes are raised 14 !j|l r does not remove hardness protection against excessive electrolyte use Ji to control speed. Fig. 4, in start temperature*. A control may be used ing and running a sliprlng motor: - 1. Open gate valve in incoming raw- desired speed setting. 9. The primary control is disconnect the motor from the *9 fr&fii *C<^ *Mea- ^or t^iat veasen still A^donsl equipment stands between JjS?>atcr and its final service. (111) chemical dosage varies with An emergency feed line connects from the outlet of the five reaction tanks direct lo boiler feed pumps. But normal routing follows this procedure. A pair of deaerating tank heaters, unique in design, stand between sedi mentation tonka and boiler feed pumps. Theso deaerators receive normal con densate and exhaust from plant services in addition to incoming makenp water --about 80% of total. with field atone as e heat-balancing medium. A larger water storage than usual plus a constant water temperature gives complete deaeration. It has paid excellent dividends. This plant has employed steel econo* miters for over 25 years and has yet to lose e tube to internal corrosion. Feedwater lines, holler parts, heaters and aucb auxiliaries have enjoyed the same record. OooNoq "Cfwendproem awmuo** --" gthornt from tomprotsort Chomkef rreotmept: Ifmo Sodium etomhett Sodoosh Zinc nipt*** Contkeodn A term' IRvrrwottf aapptr Emergency rounto Potter fondpumps ^ Boiier feedpompt 'Water stempo SURFACE WATER collected In retaining borlnj octs os row-weter supply source. Flow diogram above shows preparation stages to fit wotor for refinery and bollet POWER M-r1 ** ms (283) 8) m