Document 44GakDO6EEz7roQv4QB833m1e

FILE NAME: Z/ZZZZ/ DATE: DOC#: / DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION:/,:ZWZ^ AMERICAN Industrial Hygiene A, SSOCIATION Journal Volume 19 APRIL 1958 Number 2 THE CONTROL OF A LEAD HAZARD IN 'IrHE SILVERSMITHING INDUSTRY. . . . 73 Leonard D. Pagnottoa and Harold BalJley INbTRUMEN'r DEVELOPMENTS IN HEALTH PHYSICS 75 F. E. Adley STUDIES ON THE TOXICITY OF n-PROPYL NITRATE VAAPPOR . . . . . . . . . 83 William E. Rinehart, Robed C. Garbers, Earle A.. Greene and Robert M. Stoufe7' NOISE EXPOSURE EVALUATION. . .. '" .. 84 Edwal'd W. Path and Ca11 J. Wemberg (with a Critiqlle by K. C. Stewart) THE TOXICOLOGY OF AN ANILINE-FURFURYL ALCOHOL-HYDRAZINE VAPOR MIXTURE 91 Keilth H. Jacobson, Wtlliam E. Rmehart, Henry J. Wheelwright Jr., Martin A. Ross, Jackie L. Papin, Robeerdt C. Daly, Earle.4.. Greene and William A. Groff NUCLEAR SAFETY AND INDUSTR.IAL HYGIENE IN THE FABRICATION OF NUCLEAR FUEL ELEMENTS . 101 1\l1''. B Harns and L R. SolvliIl THE EFFECTIVEr\ESS OF SAND AS A FILTE~ MEDIUM ... 107 R.. E. Yoder and F. M. Empson CRITERIA FOR ESTABLISHING SHOR'tl' TERM PERMISSIBLE INGESTION OF FALLOUT MATERIAL. .. . . . . . .. ........ . . .. .. .., 111 Gordon M. Dunning CURRE~T PROBLEMS IN THE FIELD OF RESPIRATORY PROTECTION. 121 E. C. Hyatt RESPIRATOR PROBLEMS IN ATOMIC ENERGY PRACTICE 123 G. W. C. Tail and '1'. H. Byington A DISCUSSION OF THE BUREAU OF MINES ApPROVAL SCHEDULES FOR RESPIRATORY PROTEC'rIVE DEVICES .. ... . .. '. '" .,. . . . . . . . 126 S. J. Pearce A COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE STANDARDS AND TESS'TI'S SPECIFIED BY BUREAU OF MINES SCHEDULE 14F AND BY THE CHEMiCAL CORPts FOR THE M99AA1I MASK 1l330 Gerald J. Flemingy RESPIRATORY PROTECTION EQUIPMENT DEVELOPMENTS BY THE U. S. ARMY CHEM- ICAL CORPS, .. ..... 1l440 Allan L. HJl'est THE RESPIRATOR PROBLEM-AN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENIST'S VIEWP0l1l:T 149 Harry S. Jordan HYGIE,sIC GUIDE;; SERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ...... ., . 15-1 NEWS OF LOCAL SECTIONS. 16-1 ----------------------------I~rfb AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOUUIIUUo.AL, puojished bii-rmnooDD~~hhjjy lor ~he American IndWlitrial Hygiene As8ocia. tlon. Dohrman H. BYers. Ed.ltor; Jack C. Radcliffe. Assoctat. Ed.ttttOoT; Lloyd E. Gordon, Nt:W. Editor. Editorial Offices, ::s c:::::t: I 1014 Broa.dway. Cincinnati 2., Ohio. SubscriptIOn $7.50 per year in the United States; $7.75 per year in Canada; $8.25 per year in all other foreIgn countTle""s. Single CCOOPPIIeess $1.50. Copyright, 1958, by The Williarmns &: Wilkins Co. Entered ti3 second class matter at the post office ,lO.t Baltimore. Md. The American IndWltrial Hygiene AA..oossoocic&ia.~tiioonn Journal reserves ,he right j to edIt ail ad'ertlsemenl.3 and to refUWlle advertIsing copy when it does not meet the high standards adopted by the ASsSsoOcCI&I&..-' tlwOon ~ ~ ') Z:J: \ ~ c... 0 CIl) Clll .... _ Industrial Hygiene Journal C. RECO;\L:\IEXDED CO:\TROL PROCED1lJJRES: To prevent e~posure to high concentrations of amorphous silica dust, process ventilation and/or enclosure l1re th@ best means of contra!' For some operationS a dust respirator approyed by the t'. S. Bureau of :\lines may be satisfactory. I\'. Specific Procedures A. FIRST AID: ?\one. B. SPECIAL :\IED1C~L PROCEDURES: (1) Preplacement: Clinico.l and chest radiographic examino.tions should be made on all persons prior to job assignment. (2) Periodic: Since there is onl\' limited information about the h;rmful effects of amorphous silica in industry, exposed personnel should haye co.reful periodic medieaIl examinations, including chest x-ray. Pulmonary function testing may be usefuL (3) Treatment: );0 satISfactory treatment other than remmoo,y"aIl from exposure, o.nd therapy for :my complicating infection. 161 Y. Literature Reference;: 1. CCOooOrPEERR, W\\. C., et al: Industrial Hy- giene FoundMion Tr:m~ction Bulletin );0. 30, 182-H4. 2. DRIXKER, P ..0\.1\.0 H.'I.TCH, T.: Industrial Dust. l\IcGro.w-Hill Co., Inc. Kew'" York, 1954. 3. FRA.\SER, D. A.: .'iMA.4. A.rrce/l1l. of IlIld. HlIg. alld Occ..11I'd., s: 412, 1953. 4. L.oU!BIE, J. S.: bid. Med., i: 470,1938. 5. P.~LIC.\RD, A... .,0o0\.0""\\D COLLET, :\..: AM.-i Arch. of Ind. Hyg. and Dcc. Med., 9: 389, 1954. 6. SCHEPERS, G. \V. H., et a1: AJIA Arch. oj Ind. Health, 16: 125, 195i; ibid, 16: 203, 1957; ibid, 16: ~, 1957: ibid. 16: 363, 1957; ibid, 16: 499, 1957. 7. S~U.RT, R. H. A..,,\D A."'DERSO::O;. W. ~l.: bI7IId. Med. and Surg., 21.' 509, 1952. 8. TEBDBSENS, B. D. A..,,\D BEARD, R. R.: A..lIA Arch. IlIld. Health. 16: 55,1957. 9. U. S. Public Health Sel'\'ice; California Department of Public Health; Nevada State Health Department; Oregon State Board of Hcalth: Pro~re;:;: Rcport of Study of Pneumoceonio~is Ha.zard~ in the Diatomite Processing Industr~. 1955. Asbestos 1. Hygienic Standard~ A. RECO::-.nlE~DED :\lA.~.. nn'::\I AT:\lOSPHERIC CO~CE:\TRATIOi\ (8 hour:): 5 million particles per cubic foot of air (:\IPPCF) 1 (1) Ba,;is for RecommendatIOn: Experi- ence in industry,!' I...... 1l and ani- mal experiments:, B. SE"ERITY OF HAZARDS: (1) Health: Long continued inhalation of asbesto:: dust remIts in a fonn of pneumoconiosis known as o.itbei'tosi. The primary effect of inhalatlon i:i' nn inter,;tinal pulmonary fibrosis. The disease is characterized by asbestos bodies in the lungs and sputum. Based on roentgenological examinations, asbestosis can be cJa~ slfied Ol" minimal, moderate. and advanced. It is a serious (hsea~ in some instances, but more frequently it remains nondisabling for mo.ny years, eyen without appreciable symptoms, D.S long as ~ome other s{'riolls disea::e does not .~\1 peryene to cause death! Chief symptoms of a.d\'anced asbestosis are vuaTriiable cough, dyspnea, substernal chest pains, decreased chest expansion, weakness, emaciation, clubbed finger tips, and curved fingernn.ils. Any appreciable dccere:!se in the amount of 3.Sbestos dust in the breathing atmosphere will ca~ a decrease in the incidence and ~eevvte'rriittr of 3Sbestosis. Individual s\lceptibility y\"aarrie::. There ha\'e been reports of :lll lllcre3"ed inridenre of lung c:mCt'T In pcr::on", with n::besto.:;is.l (2) Fire: ~one. C. SHORT EXPOSURE TOLERAXCE: )\ot applicable: nII. Significant Properties A fibrous magnesium calcium silicate which occur" in various combination;: as white, greyish or greenish mas..;;es, either compact or of long silky fibers, flax-like and readily separated. About 95% of commericaJ asbe~ t05 is chrysotile, which is derived from serpentine, o.nci is n hydrous magne5ium 16E silicate containing from 12 to 14 per cent water of Crystalliza.tion. IIlIl. Industrial Hygiene Practice A. RECOGNITION: The spinniIlg and weaving of asbestos, in combina.tion with other textiles for fire proof and beat resistant cloth, results in dust exposure. It may be used by itself or combined with other materials for valve packings, gaskets, boiler lagging and pipe covering, protective clotbin~, shieldin~ ,materials and as automotlve brake linings. In th~ building industry it is used in the manufacture of asbestos cement. products, bea.t insulating, and fire- proofing ma.terials. B. EVALUATION OF EXPOSURES: As- bestos dust ma.y be sampled with the electrostatic precipitator or by the impinger methed using alcohol or alcohol and water, as the collectmg medium,' and dust counts made by the sta.ndard ligbt field technique.' The recommended maximum atmospheric concentration of 5 MPPCF is based upon the impinger sampling procedure. C. RECOMMENDED CONTROL PROCED URES : Prevention of asbestosis depends entirely upon preventing ex- posure to concentrations of dust sufficiently high to produce the characteristic reaction. Enclosure or local exhaust ventilation are the principal means of dust control. U. S. Bureau of 1-lines approved dust respirators may be worn as proteetion for some operations. IV. Specific Procedures A. FIRST AID: None. B. SPECIAL MEDICAL PROCEDURES: (1) Preplacement: Clinical and radiographic chest examinations prior to job assignment. (2) Periodic: Exposed personnel should April, 1858 have periodic clinical examinations for signs and symptoms of asbestosis. These should include e.'Camination of the sputum for asbestosis bodies, and chest x-rays of good quality. (3) Treatment: No satisfactory treatmen~ other than removal from exposure and therapy for any complicating infection. V. Literature References 1. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists; AMA Arch. of bInudt. Health, 16: 281, 1957. 2. CARTIlER, PAUL: AMA Arch. ojf lIunddo. Health, 11: 204, 1955. 3. DOLL, R.: Brit. J. Ind. Med., IS: 8, 1955. 4. DREESEN, W. C., et al: Public Health Bulletin No. 241, Supt. of Doec., Washington, D. C., 1938. ~. DBINUA, P. AND HATCH, T.: Industrial Dust. ~IcGra.w-Bill Book Co., Inc., New York, 1954. 6. FAIIWALL, LAWRENCE T.: Industrial Toxicology. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, lId., 1957. 7. KING, E. J., et al: Thorox I, p. 188, 1946. S. LYNCR, K. M.: AMA Arch. of Ind. Health, 11: 185, 1955. 9. MCPHEETERS, S. B.: J. Ind. HyyUg. &; Toz., 18: 229, 1936. 10. PAG!:, R. T. AND BI.OOlIIUIELD, J. J.: Pub. Health Repts. 5SS: 1713, 1937. 11. PA'rrY, FRANK A.: Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Vol. 1. lnterscience Publishers, Inc., New York, 1948. 12. SWTH, K. W., AMA Arch.. of Ind. Beo1.th, 12: 198, 1955. 13. VORWALD, A. J., et al: AMA Arch. lIonod. H1lII(UJ. a.nd Occup. Med. Ss: 1, 1951. Becauae of apace limitati<"", it i4 impouibl' to li4t all methocU oj e;qlO,ure evaluation. The selections have been made on the baanNa 0oj/ cu"ent wage, reliabilit7l, and applicabilitll/ to the 1I61UZl mdwtTUll tll/pe 0o1j upoB'Ure. AnV 'peeific ewl14atwn and/or control problem will involve profeuional judgment. TliliIl can be,t be clone b1l PTofeuional ind1l.8trial 1111- giene personnel. RUpliTatoTr771I protective deviec"e, aTre commerciaUI/ avai14ble. Their we, however, ,/wu/d be confined to emergenCJI or intennittent e.pOB'UTell and not relied u.pon CJ8 pnmllTl/ meam o} hazard control. A relative a,ccaale iu& 1I.8ed JOT rating the uverUlI of lIazarcU: nil, low, moderate, high, and e.'ra hazardous.