Document 442vjax4pa7m63aEznRnQzawe

R&S 112250 BIO-MEDICAL RESEARCH DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION FORM 6368 69 76 Duplicate in all cards: --> / f i odoorar year as-1961- File number [Right justify [Numeric only] 77 78 Sub-Index Code Author(s), as Last Name FS (No Punctuation) and coden for journal as JAMA preceeded by one blank space C / A YS0*. a 60 _________________ 61 62 11 12 13 Title of Report; end with space-hyphen-hyphen-space. Follow with Index Terms, separated from each other with comma-space. Avoid other punctuation; 61 62 ~21~ 22 23 24 Source (Journal, Vol., Number, Pages, Date) 12 61 62 "5T 32 Brief Summary 12 10 SUMMARY: 61 62 61 62 63 64 R&S 112251 RfCHARO M. FAIRBANKS, flT HENRY L. DIAMOND ALBERT J. 9CVCRIDGE.JE GARY H.BAISE A.JAMES BARNES HAROLD HIMMCLMAN CHRISTOPHER H. BUCKLEY, JR. SCOTT W. BOWEN JONATHAN Z-CAN NON JOHN N. HANSON ANDREW E, MISHKIN Charles a. patrizia CATHERINE M. DUNLAP CYNTHIA A. LEWIS KARL S. BOUROEAU ROBERT S. THOMPSON Gary l soumc PATRICIA D* RYAN LAW OFFICES Beveridge, Fairbanks & Diamond i333 New Hampshire Avenue, N. W. Washington, D. C, 20036 TELEPHONE (202) 020*0200 writer's DIRECT OlAL NUMBER 828-0240 August 11, 1980 CARL CARO LEY OF counsel cable aooress "1NOLAW* TELECOPIER (202) 083-023* Jerome H. Heckman, Esquire Keller & Heckman 1150 17th Street, N.W. Suite 1000 Washington, D.C. 20036 Dear Jerry: A report entitled "Correlation of Community and Family Contact Diseases with Single Source Industrial Emissions" has recently been brought to my attention. This report, which was prepared for OSHA, deals with ambient air issues as well. For your information, I am enclosing a copy of the abstract and executive summary. A review of the vinyl chloride material indicates that the report is relying on Infante's findings and does not suggest anything new as far as the PVC Safety Committee is concerned. This is the type of report EPA might wish to rely on as a basis for proceeding to revise the Vinyl Chloride Standard although my review of it would indicate that the technical data is weak. In one of your next letters, you may wish to identify the fact that the report is available. If anyone on the PVC Safety Group wants a copy of it, I shall send it over to you. GHB/tlc Enclosures 0000361 e1njid rrpOTT KJCUKENTATION PAGE _____ NO. ASFER/PUH-78/4665/A PB SO 13 0909 4, TtU* --W 8-""** a Nwl MM Correlation of Coranunlty and Family Contact Diseases with Single Auguat .1979__________ Source Induatriel Emissions L. a.ertji , Zoe Clayaon __________________ 'l. f 117~ -> *-f----a-- ' ' * X'l Zoe Clayson 722 North Rose Street Baltimore, Maryland 21205 f P*ff Qr(wMili **#. IN. 10. Mliil/THkANN -UAH 1 11* CXnHtCl *r CnniO I (O B-9-M-9-4665 f 0.nlr. > nt M*. Department of Lsbor/ASFER 200 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20210 to IS* Tr^i f MmN * I Final 9-78 to 8-79 a" is. tussn--** R&S 112252 u. ,* tu-nc --* fl,e objective* of this report are to assess the state of the art In community studies of airborne industrial pollutants and to identify Industila' toxic sub stances causing pulmonary and respiratory diseases for the families of workers and other cea*.unity members. Data are gathered from data banks, literature searches, interviews and the ecadomic resources of the John Hopkins University. The principle findings were 1) As bestos, lead and vinyl chloride are "flP 0nrurmrd c*m*s of'family-and cotnaunlry dicease. Jt) There Is little quantitative ^ata on industrial emissions, i)Better data la needed to ^resolve conflicting interpretations of the health impaiments caused by such criteria pollutant* as sulfur dioxide. .4) A tero effect level cannot be assumed for community ex posures to lndustrlsl toxic substances; synergistic effects are difficult of establish and Individual, polluters have not been identified. 5) Although the scute effects of p ilutlon have been studied in detail, only a few studies exist on chronic respiratory impairment, a major health effect of industrial emissions. . 6) Mortality dste are useful for correlation of cancer rates with monitoring Information if chronological accuracy Is maintained. (1) Morbidity data, which are the moat useful in assessing chronic impairments, are not presently available In the form necessary for correlation with surveillance data.. '8) Existing data banks attempting to correlate mortality data with monitoring data are Inadequate. This analysis provides a general overview of the magnitule of the problt-m of Industrial emissions and indicates areas for further research..' 17. MnmN . r imri.l Health Occupational diseases Co=uni ty Industrial plants X tnj.aiw.iyc Literature reviews Air pollution / \ Occupations! health and safety Environmental health Industrial pollution COMTf TUM/Oww ix jmijmm, a.Hwi Ti1t*. SMU'HV Cl... (Tkil Mw* Release unlimited. Available from National Tech .UNCLASSIFIED_____ nical Information Service, Springfield, Va. I M. IwiHI, CL.. OMl S11> 22161 i UNCLASSIFIED '--JMW-UJ.JB 1m mihkiim m 1mm.* U. fM. *t ft" 7SL n. am NTIS-1W li I EXECbTIVE SUW1ARY OBJECTIVE This report assessed the state of the art in community studies of airborne industrial pollutants; undertook a literature review; and identified industrial toxic substances causing pulmonary and respiratory diseases lor the families of workers and other community members. The analysis and findings provide a general overview of the magnitude of the problem and indicate areas for further research. FINDINGS . There are few industrial emissions that have been studied at all and only a handful in any detail. Most data is qualitative. . Asbestos, lead and vinyl chloride are well documented causes of family and community disease. " ' '-- . Preliminary data on other substances, for example those contained in industrial wastes, points to health hazards of enormous magnitude being created for the community. . There are conflicting interpretations of the health impair** ments caused by criteria pollutants. Sulfur dioxide, an important by-product of coal burning, is one example. Better data is needed. . For community exposures to industrial toxic substances a zero effect level cannot be assumed; synergistic effects are difficult to establish; and individual polluters have not been identified. . The acute effects of pollution have been studied in some detail. However, a major health effect of industrial emissions is chronic respiratory impairment. Only a few studies on chronic effects exist. . Mortality data is useful for correlation of cancer rates with monitoring information if chronological accuracy is main tained. . Morbidity data, which is the most useful in assessing chronic impairments, is not presently av* Liable in the form necessary for correlation with surveillance data. * . Existing data banks attempting to correlate mortality data with monitoring data are inadequate. Research needs are extensive and are enumerated in a later section. R&S 112253 -1- A. A i; POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS Standard Setting: . Community exposure standards should continue to be substan tially lower than workplace standards to protect the health of all members of the community. . Until more complete epidemiological studies are available, animal data should be utilized to establish standards. . Regulatory co-operation between OSHA ,.r.d EPA should be increased. . Analysis of the impact of industrial toxic substances should include all exposure routes - air, water and soil. Monitoring and Surveillance: . EPA and OSHA analytical and monitoring techniques should be standardized. . sating of monitoring stations should be uniform. . The number of substances routinely monitored, particularly non-criteria pollutants, should be increased. . variances in meeting emissions requirements by industry should be decreased. t . There should be routine monitoring of toxic substances in the homes of workers exposed to dusty pollutants. Community Study Designsr . Studies should use county data to find disease/emission clusterings and tnen follow-up with individual studies using census data. . Data sets from the National Health Survey and the Bureau of Labor Statistics should include occupational histories and length of residence information. . Morbidity as well as mortality data should be analyzed and correlated with monitoring information. Research Needs: . Research needs are extensive and fall into two general cate gories: . Studies to identify and assess the total environmental impact of targeted industries and/or substances to the community. . Epidemiological and animal studies of health outcomes of low-dose long-term exposures. R&S 112254 -ii- METHODOLOGY Data banks, literature searches, interviews, and academic resources of the John', Hopkins University were utilized. A detailed description appears in the appendix. i !3 t1 I R&S 112255 -lii- DOW CHEMICAL U.SA. August 22, 1980 MIDLAND, MICHIGAN 48640 Dp. Zoe Cl ayson 722 North Rose Street Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Dear' Dr. Clayson: I recently became aware of the existance of an August 1979 report on "Correlation of Community and Family Contact Diseases with Single Source Industrial Emissions" which you authored. I have only seen the enclosed abstract which indicates that vinyl chloride is "well docu mented" as a cause of family and community disease. To my knowledge this is. not true. This claim was made in certain NIOSH reports alleging reproductive effects in employee wives and in neighbor hoods near PVC plants. When re-studied by competent scientists from the CDC these allegations were found to be the result of improper design of epidemiological studies and to biases introduced by the investigators. Careful review by two independent groups were extremely critical of the quality of these NIOSH studies. You should have been provided these reviews by either NIOSH or OSHA since they have received them on several occasions. In case they did not provide them to you, copies are attached. Unfortunately, bad publi cations are very difficult to correct, and these papers continues to surface and to be quoted. The authors have not chosen to withdraw, or defend their publication despite a request to do so as well as a chance to repond to page 610 of a recent article by Haas and Schottenfield which is attached (JOM 21_, 607-13, (1979). Although there is no question that high industrial exposures in the vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride industry have caused injury and death, there are not to my knowledge any valid papers which demonstrate an adverse effect in people as a result of living near vinyl chloride plants. In fact, estimates by EPA (Kuzmack and McGaughy, Dec. 5, 1975) indicate that angiosarcoma (a marker disease) in residents living near PVC facili ties was less than expected. As reported in May 1980 there has been no increase in reported angiosarcoma cases in the US since 1974 when the CDC started a registry of known cases. R&S 112256 AN OPERATING UNIT OP THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY*-/ ' - >* Dr. Zoe Clayson > Page 2 August 22, 1980 It Is unfortunate that your abstract propagates the ill-founded conclusion of the NIOSH studies. Sincerely yours, R&S 112257 Theodore R. Torkelson, Sc.D. Health & Environmental Sciences, U.S.A. 1803 Building (517) 636-5197 ej Attachments cc: U.S. Department of Labor/NSPOR 200 Constitution Avenue, N.W. bcc: Joseph Hadley, Keller & Hickman John Lawrence, SPI Lyman Skory, 2020 Oow Center Carol Stack, CMA Bob Oubre, Oyster Creek \ >