Document 3wn8GVobZw8bYrwk7Q42g9n

V, ; '*ir OR, C, R WATSON A. T. & T. Co. **4 N SC. PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT M'S A CO INDICATOR . . . and the CARBON MONOXIDE ALARM Portable ., . reliably accurate ... built either for opera tion from self-contained Edison Ceils, or any outside source of 6 Volts, AC or DC,----the M.S.A, CO Indicator is invaluable m locating low concentrations of carbon monoxide. It is ideally adapted to surveys of industrial atmospheres, garages, motor vehicles and air-craft. The range of the instrument is from 0 to .15% CO,--the dial can be read directly to .005%, and estimated to .001%. Then, after surveying YOUR working conditions for CO hazards, install dependable warning equipment,--the M.S.A, Carbon Monoxide Alarm,--a self-contained, In expensive unit that operates on ! 10 Volt lighting current, either AC or DC, and sounds a prompt, loud warning when the CO concentration reaches ,02%. a point of minimum danger. May we demonstrate these units? MINE SAFETY APPLIANCES COMPANY Braddock, Thomas and Meade Streets, Pittsburgh, Pa. District Representatives in Principal Cities Send ot new booklet "The Case Against Carbon Monoxide" 1111111 illllfc'ji LABOR H O JJ R S out ih half on many job* say wilder* who us# Willson Welding Helmet No. 20 with WILLSONtVVELD glass in the new, quick, simple, posttiy# HIP FRONT Composition Glass Holder WILLSON PRODUCTS, Inc. HEADING, PA r.<* s,U'lov.it S.,F**TY .`SEWS DECEM BhK/'MS'TM -'-i iS.i "rSr.-iln 1*1?**? ' Ost\e. ChtMSO. IU. T^fiv .MMv/vM.hrn Svf .f liini! v. .`w-litl-K*' -wry .vt v :.;w .rn;yn. vi-cnir*'- *> Dust Can Be Suppressed . . . with American Dustube Collectors American Dustube Collectors are the most practical and simplest operating dust collectors ever built. Sn their simplicity no efficiency has been lost. Greater effectiveness has been gained. Simple method uf inserting lakes in The tubular design insures low operating and maintenance cost. This design permits easy and rapid replacement of worn tubes. The tube shaking device is designed to effec tively clean the Dustubes. Patented features maintain a tight dust seal at the base of the tubes. Less wear by erosion on the interior of the equipment. For complete detailed inform ation SEND FOR FOLDER 222 THE AMERICAN FOUNDRY EQUIPMENT COMPANY 637 BYRKIT STREET, MISHAWAKA, INDIANA, U.S.A. .NATIONAL A.U-'KTA AKA- 1931Since 'Inland 4-way Floor Plate 3 Stands Guard Over Thousands of Danger Spots Above- inland 4-Way floor Plot# around powerftoui**qu!pm*nt--Wilon&Co., packers, Chicago. Mow Lift truck by Mercury Mfg, Co., Chicago. Operator's platform of Inland 4-Way Floor Plate. 0 Inland 4-Way Floor Plate is already an old prod uct, measured by its tremendously varied and wide spread application. Introduced in 1931, it was accepted as the answer to the problems of making danger spots safe for foot or wheel, if was far in advance of any steel floor plate. Its new 4-Way pattern (patented) combined 4 advan tages which could not be secured elsewhere: 4-Way Safety (equal resistance to slippage 4-Ways instead of two), 4-Way Matching, 4-Way Drainage, and Extra Stiffness (projections overlap, reinforce one another lengthwise as well as crosswise of plate). Made in 3 patterns, differing only in size of pro jections, and in thickness from 16 gage to % inch to meet all requirements exactly. Write for new descrip tive folder. INLAND STEEL COMPANY, 38 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois, 4-Way Safety Extra Stiffness 4-Way Matching 4-Way Drainage l DECEMBER. 1935 4 Apersonal message to the Motoring Public P. W. LITCHF1ELD T WANT to speak directly to you on motoring safety. No one can ignore the importance today of developing every practical protection to human life. With the increasing speeds and density of modern traffic in mind, I charged Goodyear men some years ago with the duty of meeting this situation squarely so far as tires are concerned ... One of the greatest dangers, though relatively a rare one, is what happens when a tire blows out, and control of the car is lost. Now, after long research and liter ally hundreds of experiments, an effective solution is offered by our LifeGuard* tube ...So thoroughly does this remarkable tube remove blowout danger at the source, I hesitate to see any members of my family without its protection while traveling in a car at speed. You would feel the same way if you were fully aware of what the LifeGuard means to safe and full enjoy ment of the performance capabilities of this season's won derful new cars. In the interest of protecting you and yours, I cannot urge you too strongly to investigate the merits of this trustworthy product, which is designed not to save rnonev but to save life. * Registered A Look for the yellow valve stem and blue rap President, B LifeGuard* take a little longer to inflate be cause air passes gradually from 'inner fir* ! The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Inc. to outer tube through this VENT HOLE C On this two-ply "INNER TIRE" you rid* to a stop with car under control., even though casing and outer tube blow wide open NATIONAL SAFETY o YOUR SHIELD N TIME OF EMERGENCY <tadi mm Burroughs Wellcome & Co. 9 & 11 East Forty-first Street NEW YORK CITY Associated Houses: London (Eng } Montreal Sydney Cape Town Bombay Shanghai Buenos Aires Milan DF.CE.MBKK. 1935 , 9 The Safetv Librar\ ............... ... .31 .16 Personals .................................. . .... ...60 .30 The Honor Roll .. ... ;o .33 Coming Events .................. 7o .10 With the Manufacturer . "j CARMAN T. FISH, Editor STANLEY H, KERSHAW. Poster Editor CURTIS BILLINGS, Associate Editor C, H. MILLER, Advertising .Manager .ri.n:i( ,'4iV[v '`.-nmrii. (nr, i-Ttnt<;<.!. u i.'.ri..-.. Enter-.'; 4tt?r -Tun*? i, j ?t th* p-.wr i|t.. n^aer f.riH Tf<. A`idlt;**.r.a i -"'try A. jvirph, Xiich. s ,/nos. l. -i iU-Anf-:. ' 1 S*I<rty Council, Inc. fffyzriiw H*w Y4 City.' _________ High Cost ofHandInfections Revealed N. Y. State Labor Department Reports Annual State Compensation Cost of Infections at $2,495,007. 72% of All Infections Occur To Hands And Fingers. EVENTY-TWO percent of all infections are S to hands and fingers ... a study of one group of typical hand infections shoved average compensation cost per case of $188 . . . national compensation cost for industrial infections aver ages from 10 to 12l- million dollars a year. This is the new and searching light thrown on the seriousness of hand infections by a recent release of National Safety Council, Inc,, quoting recent figures of the New York State Depart ment of Labor. Cleanliness a Major Aspect (-^%HHtwr,V e*RD~ABAWiT t'e'rr'- # K ffP in,, I1 'WTJO* Leading safety experts agree that the major attack on this tenons problem ties in the constant education of workers to report entry injury and to get their iiands c'i-ait. Manv leading industrial plants have found this eojut ion. 1' Displaying Lava Soap Saietv I'n-ter-, which emphasize the importance of reporting in tunes and ofcleanliness: <2t supplying or recom mending to workers Lava Soap, a special pumice nap made by Procter & Gamble especially for extra-dirty hands. Lava Soap removes any embedded grime quickly and safely. Its lather contains Imported pumice , . . so finely pulverized that it cannot irritate the skin. And Lava contains glycerine and other soothing oils that protect the skin, heal up little rucks and scratches and help pre vent chapjted hands. Lava Soap samples and free Lava Safety Posters are available to all responsible parties interested in reducing hand infection rates. Praettc.J method of reducing infection denser. Worker about to remove vat.Jy all ,rrm-laden i-rtme with lava--ltmoui Procter & Gamble pumice soap. Scores or Leading Industrial Plant report free Lav# So.p posters .si effective meins of pointing out dirtv band* danyer* to workers and re dueiny infection rate-. FREE.. I*AVA SAFETY POSTERS A set of new posters * mailed out every two months- They are yours merely by rillinj out and mailing this coupon to PROCTER & GAMBLE CO., Dept. LNS-U5, Sox lftOl. Cincinnati; Ohio- POSITION__ Nawhtf Posters Wanted L sens' rr> Lava Ho*tp wmp/f DECEMBER. 1935 --. r*..w--, . N,,iV.l S*<v .....' " ' ;J" ' ' ' L !, : I ttfi-Avi.. N> ** City N. Y. State Labor Department Reports Annual State Compensation Cost of Infections at $2,495,007. 72o of All Infections Occur To Hands And Fingers. EVENTY-TWO percent of all infections are S to hands and linnets ... a study of one group of typical hand infections shotted average compensation cost per case of $188 . . . national compensation cost tor industrial infections aver ages from 10 to 12 J 2 million dollars a year. This is the new and searching light thrown on the -eriousness of hand infections by a recent release of National Safety Council. Inc., quoting recent figures of the New York State Depart ment of Labor. Cleanliness a Major Aspect Leading safety experts agree that the major at tacit or. this serious problem lies in the c. nstant education a warkers -< rep-art <r.;y injury and to ret their nanns or.... M.tnv leading industrial plants have found this solution: (1> Display'iie Lava >s?ap Safety Poster* which emphasize the importance of reporting injuries and ofcieaniiness; (21 supplying nr recom mending to workers Lava Soap, a spenai pumice snap made by Procter & Gamble especially for extra-dirty hands. l ava Snap removes any embedded prime quickly and safely. Its lather contains imported pumice . . . so finely pulverised that it cannot irritate the win. And Lava contains glycerine and other -soothing nils that protect the -kin, heal up little nicks and scratches and help pre vent chapped hands. Lava Snap samples and free lava Safety Posters are available to all responsible parties interested in reducing hand infection rates. DECEMBER. 1935 Practical method of reducing infection danger. Worker about to remove safely all germ-laden .?nme with Lava--famous Procter & Gamble pumice soap. Score* of Leading !ndutr*i PL report free Lava Soap poster* effective means of pointing out dir Wands dangers to workers And during infection rate. FREE LAVA SAFETY POSTERS A set of new praters is matieu out every two months. They are wurs merely by Wiling .:?ot and mailing this coupon to PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,, Dept. LNS-Lo. Box IkVl, Cincinnati, Ohio, POSITION. nher Posters Wan as* serta me wra ,3v>ap 8 Don't wait for Accidents to uncover Eye Hazards They' ithought his eyes were sate... yet they paid protection equipment that gives a choice of 24 dif $2000, The most dangerous industrial eye hazards often ferent standard types. They are strong, cool, com seem to be the least dangerous. They look so harmless that fortable. Also--the services of American Optical the men working on them are seldom required to wear Company industrial representatives are always avail goggles. But in one industry "unclassifiable" causes able to help make your eve-safety program most accounted for over 60c':, of all eye injuries. effective and profitable. Write your nearest branch It pays to supply American Optical Company goggles for every worker whose job contains ezin the slightest office for a representative to survey your plant, study the eye hazards and make recommendations. possibility of eye injury, American Optical Company has a complete line of eye- The Fui-Vue Goggle otter* id-day long ojuitort.. . unobstructed vision... the protection ot the o-Curve Super Armorpiate Leo* fchich i$ tar Arunger man tens* mencan es tetcuianf died in stanoard utety goggiev Patented. ptical Company Manufacturer, for more thin 100 year!, of productl to rid and preserve vision, {factories at Sourhhnd.se. Mis., In Canada, Cousoiiditeu Optical Co.. Ltd. Branch ofices to ail principal maustriai centers N vriOXAL SAFETY NF.'X 9 DECEMBER, 1935 Published by National Safety Council, Inc. A Call to Arms A reduction of ,53 per cent in traffic accidents by 1940-- a saving of 38,000 lives in five years. This is the objective of the Safety Movement for the next five years. In the special insert facing page 16 of this issue are presented the preliminary details of a campaign in which the American public is urged to join whole-heartedly. If any community of 38,000--or even one-tenth that population--were menaced with destruction all the resources of the state and federal governments would be mobilized for their protection. The objective is no iess important because the individuals to be saved are scattered over half a continent. It does, how ever. make the work of protection even more difficult. If all the potential accident victims could be segregated and placed under special protection the problem would be simple. But accidental death is erratic. Actuaries and statis ticians can forecast death rates with amazing accuracy, but they cannot name the victims. Nor can they tell which of 25,000,000 motorists will be responsible for the next tragedy, The goal of a 5.5 per cent reduction--seven per cent a year for five years--may seem iike an impossible one. The next few years will undoubtedly see a great increase in motor vehicle mileage, with cars capable of higher speed and greater power. There wilt be no comparable improvement in the vast majority of drivers. The construction of supposedly tool-proof highways can not possibly keep pace with the expansion of motoring. The prospect is not a pleasant one but it is far from hope less. Only in a few scattered locations has any serious effort been made to curb accidents but these examples have shown what can be done by concerted effort. The saving of 38.000 lives will be worth all the expenditure of time, effort and money needed to make it a reality. Changing Human Nature "You can't change human nature,'' has long been accept ed as an axiom. It is still advanced as a reason for wars, traffic violations and breaking the Ten Commandments. There are still plenty of evidences of primitive savagery to be found. The crowd at a prize fight is outspoken in its disappointment if the participants do not receive plenty of punishment. Occasionally there are shocking outbreaks of mob violence. Greed, lust and brutality are luridly displayed in the headlines. And the accident toll is advanced as another evidence of man s depravity. Viewed in comparison with the past, however, this age does not. seem so degenerate. Half a century ago there was no voice raised against war, except from a few obscure sects. Every war was a righteous war--at least on our side. Now we are not so sure. Blood is no longer accepted as a necessary accompaniment of industrial progress. That is not the least of the Twentieth Century's achievements. A conscience--public or individual--is something that can be developed. DECEMBER. 1935 Discipline No foreman who is lit for his job finds any pleasure in imposing a three-day lay-off on the worker who persists in grinding without his goggles. He knows what the loss of pay will mean to the worker s family. But many a foreman who shrank from indicting punishment has had to break the news gently. The traffic court judge may feel a genuine sympathy for the offender when he imposes a jail sentence or suspension of license on the motorists who has been driving in a zig-zag course while under the inriuence. The culprit may be a good fellow at heart, and the sentence may cause a real hardship on an innocent family. But the judge realizes that lawabiding motorists and pedestrians must be protected. Enforcement is not a pleasant remedy, but it seems to be the only method of reaching those who do not understand the meaning of self discipline. In This Issue The miracles of modern surgery would have been impos sible if man had not learned methods of protection against bacteria. Dr. Paine's fascinating story of medicine's progress against this ancient enemy is one that will interest even reader. (Page 10.; Industry is more humane now. Conditions which were accepted as Inevitable only a few years ago are no longer found in progressive industrial plants. And industry has profited greatly from the improvement. Here is a story of progress told by one who has participated in accident pre vention work as a worker, a foreman and an executive. (Page 15.) Too often we think of painting as part of the spring clean up. But it is also valuable in conserving light and brighten ing up work places on dark winter days. In the modern factory the paint brush is seldom idle. (Page 15.j Measures for dust control may bring about a large percent age reduction in dust but it is not really efficient unless the dust concentration is brought down to below the danger line, NTor is any method which interferes seriously with industrial operations iikely to gam acceptance. (Page 17.) New processes with highly flammable substances have brought new fire hazards, but there is a type of extinguisher for every risk, y Page.7.. interest in earthquake insurance has been stimulated by recent shocks in various parts of the North American Conti nent. However, the average American home is much more likely to be destroyed by an overheated furnace or by for getting to turn out the gas under the water heater. A; a cause of personal injury and death, earthquakes cannot com pete with slippery floors and icy steps. (Page 32.j 10 Men made. I'asteur in 1360 proved that The World War taught distinct living organisms and not witch craft caused fermentation and decay. man some valuable les This work of Pasteur's inspired Lister sons in his unceasing con to the series of experiments that were to result, in 1865. in the birth of the anti flict with harmful bacteria septic method of doing surgical opera tions. Both Pasteur and Lister were young unknown men when they gave their discoveries to the world. Both re AST year 100.000 people were ceived the abuse and ridicule that always L killed outright by accidents in this peaceful land. This is just greets men whose ideas are ahead of their times, but both men lived long twice as many as there were Ameenroiugh to see their pioneer work given can soldiers killed in the savage fighting the recognition it so richly deserved. of the World War when men faced the When we add to these two names the most efficient death-dealing instruments name of Robert Koch we have named that man's ingenuity could devise. In the three men to whom the world owes addition to the 100.000 who were killed, most for lifting from our lives the bur S.000,000 received disabling injuries. den of misery that bacteria caused. How many received injuries less severe, Probably no discovery man has made the Good Lord only knows but I suppose since the world began has meant so much in the course of a year hardly any of us to him as this one. It is impossible for escape some injury that may seem trivial us living in this relatively healthy age at the start but which may, if it becomes to conceive a world unacquainted with infected, lead to serious trouble. If the bacteria, and consequently unable to occurrence of such a number of casual guard against their ravages. Go back ties doesn't make us see the tremendous with me in time a few years and let me importance of really scientific first aid, give you some idea of what life meant nothing else will. In a broad way we in the days before any of these facts all know what the term `infection" were known. Before 1865 every opera means, it means invasion of the human tion became infected. Infection had tissues by certain types of bacteria. brought surgery practically to a stand Bacteriology, which is the science that still. A reliable anaesthetic had been deals with these microscopic organisms discovered but the well grounded fear of which cause infections and disease, is infection held surgery down to a few one t the youngest of the sciences. Ab crude procedures, such as amputations solutely nothing was known about the and superficial skin-deep operations. Be part bacteria play in our lives before fore 1865 abdominal surgery or any in 1865. and most of what has been learned vasion on the other cavities of the body has been learned in the last 50 years. was attended with so nearly 100 per Before 1365 men were working on the cent mortality that not even the bravest problem but only a groping start had surgeons dared attempt it. The whole series of constructive operations that are >,.n uid Annual M* i nr fw-.r'e-tv r`->n ferenr*, Portland Me. done in any cross road hospital was for bidden before 1865. There was serious thought of abandoning hospital care al together because of the terrible state into which hospitals had fallen. Prob ably no side of this curse of infection was as tragic as the rnanistification, called in those days childbed fever and in our day septicemia. Healthy women going into a hospital to perform a natur al function died by the thousands every where. The mortality rate in some epi demics reached such height that hospi tals were dosed but no remedy tor the ghastly business was in sight. Before 1865 if surgeons were special ists in anything they were specialists in pus. Whatever else might happen after they did an operation the appearance of pus was one thing they could predict with complete confidence. They tried to make a virtue of a necessity, as man is in the habit of doing, and to find some justification for pus. They even grew to think that it was in some way neces sary to healing. Certain pus was known as laudable pus and its appearance in . wound was hailed a- a sign that the tissues of the victim were reacting in a normal and orderly manner ind Cits, mind you. was in the youth of men now jiving. I can remember one of our surgi cal instructors idling >he Gass Cm oper ations were b"iie m the day- *0 in-, ycaith. The visiting surgeons i'no.i v-lord the operating table in street garb jm: fmm time to time the operator ''mb owe one of them to come up ind put a finger NATIONAL >AFKTY M W' in the wound to see how things were go ing. Perhaps under those circumstances they were right in ieeiing thankfui if the inevitable infection resulted in laudable pus. Lister prosed that there was no need for pus appearing at ail. that instead of being a phenomenon of normal healing it was a morbid process, that wounds should heal by primary union and not by the old slow method of granulation. He achieved his end by what he called the antiseptic method. As he practiced it he sprayed the operative field during the operation with a tine mist of carbolic solution. The antiseptic method as prac ticed by Lister was valuable rather as a demonstration than as a workable method of doing operations, Carbolic solution, while unfriendly to germs, was also unfriendly to the hands of the oper ator. It was displaced almost immedi ately by the aseptic method, Asepsis is nothing in the world but cleanliness ap plied to everything that comes into the operative field. In the 40 odd years that passed from its origin to the outbreak of the World War, surgery had gone a long way. It had so completely enchanted men's minds by its miracles that no other method than the aseptic method was taught in the schools or thought of any where. The antiseptic method was as completely shelved as though it had never been. The use of antiseptics had not been abandoned, but it was not ap parent to anyone that the aseptic method was not sufficient and consequently anti sepsis were not developed as a workable way of handling a certain class of cases. It took the World War to show us where the aseptic method was weak. War is a test for all civilized institutions, prob ably for civilization itself. They tell us that during the Thirty-Years' War in Europe people resorted to cannibalism. We didn't so quite that far in the iast war but that was about the only thing we balked at. The flood of casualties that the con tinuous fighting on a scale never before imagined had released had completely overwhelmed the surgeons. At the out break of the war every surgeon in France became a military surgeon, so there was no lack of talent. The trouble was that the method, asepsis, was at once found wanting, it tailed on a larger scale and seemed on that account mure of a fail ure, but it merely brought to Sight for everyone to see. a condition that had al ways existed, that is. the inadequacy of the aseptic principle to cope with really serious tearing, lacerating, rending in juries such as were commonplace on every battlefield of Europe. You ail know of the wonders that surgery performs every tear: all of us, directly <>r indirectly, owe it a debt of gratitude. But. there is more to surgery than the surgery done with formal preparation in the hospital operating rooms. For every one operated upon with aseptic precautions, dozens are operated upon with no precautions at ail, by every conceivable sort of instrument that can cause a wound to human flesh and bone, in shops and homes and high ways all over the iand. What of those eight million who last year received crippling injuries? No shining operating rooms for them, crude first aid adminis tered by the first one who got to them, perhaps a fellow worker, perhaps a street. cleaner with negative ideas about asepsis. It is in this class of cases that we have h right to hope for better tilings. f I happened to be in France during th^ two years that to a doctor were the most instructive years of the war, 1916/Snd 1017. I wish all of those who have looked up to surgery as almost ibove human criticism could have been with me during those years. They wofild have come away with an entirely new con ception of surgeons and surgery^ About the first thing I did after I git settled in a base hospital was to gge at night with a convoy of ambulances tot the rail road station for a ioatj/Of wooded. It was a hot sticky nighr in Juh>r we stood on the platform waiting for the train to pull in with its cargp of human wreck- DECEMBER, 1935 More Humane Now and More. \\Yv w... >< Vy By JAMES W. BURNISON J*'X' -- V<r<* President, HC.i Manufacturing Compangt Z/wL Efficient HE outstanding reason why em industrial executives, as well as workers, Tployers should promote safety in industry is the simple un could be brought face to face with of the tragedies I have Seen, they. varnished tact that accident prevenwtoiounld take a close person^ mfcri is good business. Going back 25 to 30 this problem. years we find that the owners and di l recall my first real sickenm|exf rectors of industrial projects at that time ience. It was one of those expWipnqe: accepted safety as a minor consideration that sear themselves on vour meaory. in operating a plant. Until a few years The man in this case was setting aJTarge ago federal and state laws were lax and die to cut out the center of large in the majority of cases it was up to punched ring. He had both armjlnside the man himself to keep out of harm's way. ff he chopped off a finger in a punch press, he was allowed the doctor's of the die ring when he accidental! stepped on the unguarded pedal.! Both'1! hands dropped off. Only the ueljg drip charges and in most cases permitted to ping stumps remained. return to work at a light job until his Another case that still lingei injury healed. It was, of course, natural mind after many years occurr that the direct supervision in the shops, division for which I was respons] the foremen and assistant foremen, were an executive. As I recall the impressed with the safety problem be stances. I had ordered a large g: cause they were dose to the job and bench punch presses as the had to assist the victims. The directors the department was rapidly exp of the business seldom viewed the situa When the request for equipmei tion with alarm, as balance sheets did sent out from the shop, I had as! not record the breaking down of morale or the suffering of thousands of unhappy victims. the presses be equipped withjf safety clutches. Through some misunderstand ing or poor judgment on the part I had the good fortune back in those someone who did not underst; early days to work for a large corpora benefits of the safety clutch, th tion that has always led in safety work. were ordered with ordinary I refer to the General Electric Company. clutches. This was noted when I was privileged, as a workman in the chines came in but it was neo shop, to observe the early awakening of set them up and get under way the owners of industry to the need for ateiv, so it was decided to put safety procedure and education. I had trip guard on each job and in t the good fortune to serve on the first cut down the clutch hazard. So safety committee as a workman repre sentative and later I was connected with safety' committees as a foreman. If all Ja operating1, if these It as the woman e the shop to this and the xperienced by t in the coin accident re- M A.. : 5"' -"V ' -?:* NATIONAL ? IFETY NET - 15 Looking back only a few years we find conditions that would not be toler ated today by an employ er who had any regard for his workers or for profits ,ited with a simple hand guard in front of the die. As nearly as could be deter mined. the press was tripped, the guard came up. the young woman working at a high rate of speed very quickly inserted her fingers between the dies to remove the punchings and the, clutch repeated. Three fingers were lost. Those of you who are familiar with shop morale can understand what this accident did to the large group of girls employed in the department. Cases of this kind, when you come face to face with them, are never forgotten. They are bound to make safety a real issue to (hose who have to face the grisly facts. E think the word "accident" is very much abused. It seems to me we should have another word that would more ade quately express the so-called accidents even in recording minor injuries. Exper ience convinces me that there are very few unavoidable accidents occurring in our shops. Don't be content with the simple facts as stated in the average accident report. Have a neutral investi gator check up each case and determine whether proper supervision could not have recognized and eliminated the haz ard. This check up of minor accidents is the surest way to prevent costly lost time cases. I believe it would be a good idea to coin a new word that would more suit ably express those cases which indicate some form of managerial neglect. What i have in mind is some word that would express the supervision responsibility to the management. For instance, we might have a word such as "Colax" to desig nate these cases. This word would im mediately point out the fact that it was the company's iack of planning at some point, either improper guarding, lack of inspection, or iax supervision that was behind the so-called accident. In recent years chemistry has become increasingly important in almost every industry. We have many new processes involving chemicals that should be thor oughly understood before they are freely used. Many chemical mixtures that ap pear innocent to the layman throw off toxic gases. Other mixtures may cause skin aliments which are difficult to heai. In other instances we find substances which are harmless in themselves but become hazardous to health when con taminated by misuse. I recall a case where operators on a group of screw machines became infected with a skin disease. Examination re vealed that the men had contaminated the oil by spitting tobacco juice into the machines instead of into the recep tacles provided. We installed an oil purifying system and educated the oper ators in hygiene. Eye hazards are another .source of difficulty. In some cases fine wire may break and injure an eye. In other in stances the danger Is from flying par ticles, such as those thrown off by grind ing wheels. We often find adequate pro tection provided for a welder but none DECEMBER. 1935 u for the eyes of those who work or pass in the vicinity. Goggles provide one of our cheapest forms of insurance. In addition to the services of the piant physician, it is desirable for every com pany to have a connection with an eye accidents caused by infections. In order to minimize the serious results from such infections, we must impress on all our supervisors and through them the oper ators, that it is absolutely a fixed rule that all cuts or abrasions must be treated minor injury. This case involved a m who ran a veneer sliver into the pai of his hand. He reported prompt to the dispensary; the sliver was appa entlv removed and the wound treate. However, either a particle of the sliv or some other foreign matter still rmained in the wound, and a serious ir fection followed. The man has no recovered and returned to work bur. w had a lost time case of .12 days durati-. involving an extreme amount of suffer ing. He has not recovered the full uof his hand and may find a permanen stiffening of one of his ringers. This iast case parallels a persiin.il v\ perience that I had a number of year ago while working in the shop. I notice. a small inflamed spot near my left elbow I did not notice any cut or silver hir as I had been working with my Te.nr roiled up, I thought it possible that small particle might have pressed int my arm, I immediately reported to tiv dispensary. The doctor decided to ur a little slit and drain out any possibiinfection. He told me there was nothin,: to worry about, that it was a simpw Adequate lighting and good housekeeping, as well as guarded machines, make the power press department safer. specialist. If you have such a specialist on a retainer basis, your own dispensary is more likely to send doubtful cases to him than if some extra effort is involved. In eye cases the element of time is more important than in many other types of injuries. One of the most obvious and perhaps the most neglected safety measures is the planning for orderly handling of materials in process and finished pro ducts, The methods of moving and piling materials and parts should not be left to the judgment of the workers. Definite instructions indicating the correct meth ods should be insisted on. Following this same thought our safe ty procedure must cover the possibility of injury to the operators due to wear ing improper clothing while at work. I have seen many injuries caused by loose sleeves or blouses caught in moving parts of machines which resulted in an injury to the operators. In other cases we must protect our girl operators by insisting that caps or hair nets are worn when they are operating certain machines. In looking over our accident records and going back to my own experience. I find a large number of our lost, time at the dispensary immediately. This rule cannot be made too strong, and it might be well even to point out that anyone found ignoring this rule will be dis missed. I have seen many cases where a small wound has caused either a serious amputation or death to the unhappy victim. In looking for examples, in our recent accident records, I found two types of cases that I would call to your attention. One of our men on the shipping plat form had a small particle of foreign matter blown in his right eye. The acci dent happened on a Friday. The man did not report to the dispensary, He treated it at home over the week-end and on his return to work on Monday he called at the dispensary. He was im mediately sent to our eye specialist who reported that the eye was seriously in fected. An X-ray was taken and the man is still under treatment. The doctor reports, however, that the man will never have better than 10 per cent normal vi sion from this eye. Another instance, however, is a case that would indicate that our own dis pensaries do not always give close enough attention to what seems to be a little something and I should return the following day for treatment and wouio probably find the thing had cleared up by that time. During the night, how ever, a severe throbbing set up in the wound and when I reported the next morning it was found that a very serious infection had developed. It was many weeks before this infection cleared up. and one of the junior doctors later told me that for a time they were afraid that 1 might lose my arm. That was clearly a case where the in strument used by the doctor had not been properly sterilized. It is one thing to read about some fellow's left arm on an accident report as Case No. 542. and it is another thing to be that fellow. It you have never been up against it. you cannot fully appreciate what I am talk ing about. Let me assure you, how ever, that the need of your active support is really important and that the astony from these injuries is in no wav over drawn. 1 believe most of you are sold .(> 'he need for and the effectiveness of safety procedure. If you have allowed your self to become lax and have not kept up with the various hazards of your indus try. I would urge that you take immedi ate action to see that this work gets proper consideration. If you have kept in touch with the work of the Xationai Safety Council and the bulletins -ent out by that efficient organization, you (Please turn to pat;e I NATIONAL SAFETY MWs Brighten Dark Days IS LELAND P. HART ntinnat Paint, inrniih and Lacquer .istonatinn of better lighting and its relation to health and industrial hazards. To the business executive it is reflected in dol lars and cents by increased production with a minimum of rejects from defec tive workmanship. The psychological effect of better lighting is of great importance. First; because better light means better sight AINT has a traditional part in the with more alert workers producing better P spring clean-up program but it is just as important at other times work; second; because fewer accidents occur; and last, but not least, because of the year. During the winter montchhse, erful, properly illuminated surround with their shortened hours of daylight, ings improve the general morale of the paint is an important aid to better light. entire organization and increase the nor Interior painting can be carried on re mal visual acuity of the worker. gardless of weather, and in many modern The effectiveness of paint as an aid plants the paint brush is never idle. to better illumination has been graphic "The Light Reflecting Values of White ally demonstrated in a recent series of and Colored Paints," by Dr. H. A. Gard tests using a model room containing a ner. director of the Scientific Section, table in the center. The light reflected National Paint, Varnish and Lacquer from the walls and the ceiling was re Association, was published in 1916. This corded by a sensitive instrument placed circular discussed the practical applica upon the table. In these tests, which tion of white and tinted paints with re were conducted by Mr. D. L. Gamble, spect to their psychological and light re flection value. These studies brought out the latent indirect lighting, semi-indirect lighting and direct lighting were compared, using white, yellow, green and gray surfaces. possibilities of paint and the proper In the indirect light test, the white selection of color to improve and increase room was 67 per cent more efficient than the amount of illumination without in the yellow, 78 per cent more efficient creasing power consumption. In these than the green, and 89 per cent more early tests on several tints the recorded efficient than the gray. It is obvious, reflection of light ranged from 11 per therefore, that in the case of the gray cent for a medium green to 66 per cent room, considerable light was absorbed for a light cream color. The immediate by the tow reflecting paint. This illus result of this publication was to create tration indicates the important part the a very active interest in securing more proper selection of colors and paint efficient and effective light by the proper assumes in the treatment of wall sur selection of paint and color applied to faces in order to better utilize available interior surfaces of schools, hospitals, illumination. factories, public buildings and dwellings. The selection of paint for the factory, In the past few years considerable ac public building, office or dwelling, de tivity in this field has resulted in a better pends upon several factors. The prin understanding of the fundamental value cipal consideration is the quantity and DECEMBER. 1935 quality of natural light admitted through windows or skylights. In the factory, it is generally considered good practice to use a semi-gloss paint on the side walls and a flat paint on the ceiling. The lower portion of the walls (dadoes) are usually coated with a darker colored paint. The darker color is not easily soiled and presents a pleasing contrast with the upper walls and ceiling. In office buildings, the use of pastel shades of green, blue and yellow find great favor. These same color schemes are carried out in school rooms and dwell ings. In this connection, it is of interest to note the results of some experiments conducted on students placed in rooms treated with various colors. The effect noted is as follows: Black: Melancholia. Decreased work. Red: Temporary stimulation, followed by :i leaction, accompanied by nervousness and headache. Blue: Calmness and seriousness. Green: Increased vitality, happiness. Vrlinw: increased vitality, amubiiitv. With the above chart in mind, we might venture into our home. Certainly the first color, black, finds no possible application. Next in order, we have red. This color, used sparingly, can be effec tive without the undesired effects. In this order also falls combinations of red and black (brown), red and blue ipur ple). etc. By elimination, we find blue, green and yellow, the colors available for the desired psychological effect. These colors when used on large sur faces should be tints on a white base. With the coming of .Spring, the annual man-up and paint-up program for home and factory takes first place. The com ing year should show a tremendous ac- (Please turn to pa^e 6,') 16 The Ma naging Director's Page War, Peace and Safety AFETY comprehends both war and peace, War on in S ertia, indifference, tradition and selfishness- ail of them accident-makers. Peace, because the philosophy of accident prevention is the only hope for international friendshipprotection of myself and the other fellow from injur}'. The English poet. Browning, said "Man's aim must be higher than his reach." We must be loyal to our own homes, to our own country, to our own nation: but this very loyalty should lead us also to an international outlook. If we can receive from the British Empire, Japan, France, itaiy. and other nations, ideas and methods that will lead to a better understanding of the accident problem, and if we can gener ously contribute our experience, the benefits will lie world wide, and those benefits, in my judgment, will not be con fined to accident prevention aione. Just as safety in the ndividual plant always leads to a better understanding on other problems of the employer--employee relationship. I am convinced that international cooperation for safety will INTERESTING ITEMS A new record for speed in editing and producing w ill be esta blished when the 1935 Congress Transactions go out to members ffais month. Again we learned of the real reader interest back of the NEWS. For the first time in years the November issue was late un unpar donable sin; but due to the later date of the Congress which upset editorial and advertising deadlines*. In less than a week letters arrived from all over the country saying, "Where is our November NEWS?*' So we -ay in one breath, "We are sorry, but thanks for this genuine interest" By next month we hope to make an announcement which should be shouted from every house top. It touches the welfare of every man, woman and child. We can only hint that the automotive industry has determined, that, beside? building safe car?, they are going to take an even greater, aggressive leadership In traffic edu cation. enforcement and engineering. The new Jumbo outdoor poster service for industrial plant vards and entrances U in full swing. The second monthly poster iDecember* is now going up on the boards. If you haven't noticed the announcement, write for full detail*. Fifty-live police officers in charge of traffic attended the two weeks' Traffic Officer** Training School at North*e-tern University la-t month, and have gone back to their duties in Baltimore and Seattle. Texas and North Dakota, and various rnid-we?tern cities, better equipped to understand modem traffic and how to control it. For the third successive ye-ar, Lieut, F. M. Krcml directed the ,-rhool and four members of the Council's headquarters staff were among the in-tmrtors. pave the way to a peaceful settlement of other world prob lems. Why should we in America think of safety, the prevention of all kinds of accidents, from an international point of view? Here are a few reasons: !, Practically all countries interchange goods with us. If German toys which we give to our children are safe, it water faucets from japan are safe. If. in fact, all products which we bring into this country are made in such a wav that the user is not endangered, how much better it is for us. And we can be sure that other countries will appreciate similar standards of safety on goods we send to them. 2. People are constantly traveling all over the world. Our tourists are everywhere. .Agents of all governments, immi grants and students forever move from nation to nation. The ships, trains, airplanes, must be safe for mutual pro tection and the same can be said of street traffic and even the elevators in buildings. If we in America are trained in safety we shall take to other countries our habits and knowl edge. If the citizens of other countries have been trained in safety, they will not. when they immigrate here, be a menace to our people because of careless habits. The time may come when immigrants must pass examinations on knowledge of safety as well as on other aspects of good citizenship. 3. We have much to learn from other countries about safety. A new kind of guard, a new protection from an occupational disease, a safer process of manufacture may develop at any moment in a foreign country. To do our safety job hest. we need that guard, that protection, that process. International cooperation will secure it for us. A sense of international brotherhood, the spirit of charity, a better understanding between races and nations could well be based on such a practical demand as this one: that no goods shall be interchanged between countries without meet ing definite standards of safety and protection. The safety movement should stand for international as well as personal good will and should help to bring peace to the world. The demand for international safety standards i; just be ginning. Progress is sure to come. ?ome day our Dhiianhrnpists will see the great opportunities for the conservation and enrichment of life which are possible through the pro jection of this great international movement to stop accidents *o human beings who. in reality, are so closely affected by each other the world over. NATIONAL SAFETY NEW ' WHEREAS, the untimely deaths of 36,000 of our people by motor vehicle accidents last year and the injury of a million and a quarter others--of whom 150,000 will be crippled for the rest of their days--presents a most serious challenge to all who believe in a well-ordered society and the sanctity of !.uman life; and WHEREAS, these human losses are accompanied by a stagger* ing economic waste of at (east a billion and a half dollars annually; and WHEREAS, remarkable reductions and low death rates already achieved in certain states, cities and other population units, show that these unnecessary and costly tragedies can be not only controlled, but actually reduced, by known methods proved by experience; THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the National Safety Council does solemnly urge upon all our people, through their state and local governments and organizations---and as indi viduals---to reduce motor vehicle deaths and casualties by at least 35 per cent by the end of the year 1940, in each state, county and city; and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the Council does hereby pledge its own whole-hearted assistance and the active and earnest efforts of its thousands of members everywhere, and cordially invites the cooperation of all other organizations and agencies interested in safety on our streets and highways, to the end that during this five-year program at least 38,000 lives shall be saved and the killing and maiming of little children and all our people shall cease upon our highways. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL By C. H. Watson, President By W. H. Cameron, Managing Director A Challenge Accepted I P1.AX of unprecedented dimensions for mobilizing the people A of the L rmed states in an unremitting war on automobile accidents, the goal being a reduction in fatalities on our streets and highways of no iess than 35 per cent by 1940, was adopted by the Executive Committee of the National Safety Council which met in C hicago on November 18. Starting January i. 1936, the drive will continue for live years. The active support of every governmental body, the largest and strongest of the civic organizations and of thousands of prominent citizens everywhere will be enlisted. The resolution as passed by the committee of the Council is printed on the preceding page. Three reasons were advanced for the passage of the resolution now. The first was the toll in 1934 and the likelihood of a comparable loss of life in 1933. The second was the fact that at the moment more interest in safety is being shown by officials and by the public at large than ever before. This interest is rapidly increasing. The third was that certain cities and states, through carefully planned programs, have demonstrated that such an achievement is possible by any community--and records are available to prove it. Thirteen states had reduced their traffic deaths by more than seven per cent during the first part of 1935 from the corresponding period of 1934, Almost all of these states are conducting notable cam paigns. A large number of cities can boast of comparable achievements. Happily, in the National Traffic Safety Contest the Council already has a huge, functioning organization ready to proceed with increased vigor under the impetus of this challenge. Thirty-three states were entered by their governors in the contest for 1935 and nearly 800 mayors entered their cities. It is confidently expected that both the roster of states and the list of cities will be greatly increased for the 1936 contest. That the goal of 35 per cent in five years, or seven per cent a year, is not impossible of achievement is evidenced not alone by the records of the cities and states referred to. In 1923 the Association of American Railroads and the Steam Railroad Section of the National Safety Council embarked on a similar campaign to run for seven years, the aim of which was to reduce accidents by five per cent a year or 35 per cent for the period, At the end of the seventh year the reduction was 50 per cent instead of the hoped for 35 per cent. In the public safety field, the accident experience of those groups which have been subjected to even a modicum of safety education is far better than the record of the public at large. These groups include the school children of the land who have been taught safety in their dass'ooms, the commercial vehicle operators who have felt the benefits of training, and the drivers license law states. The National Safety Council calls on every man, woman and child fn accent this challenge 17 When is Dust Control Effective? HE selection ul any method of Tdust control will depend primari ly upon its effectiveness in reduc ing a given hazard, and upon its adapt ability. A large percentage of reduction A method cannot be considered efficient unless it brings the dust count beiow the danger line and does not interfere with industrial operation in dust does not necessarily indicate an efficient method unless the reduction brings the exposure below the safe limit and the method does not interfere with By J. J. BLOOMFIELD Sanitary Enginrerl Vnit<ed Statu Public Health $en>t> industrial operations. in general, there are four methods of dust control in present use: Table I--f)u-t Kxporure >f MoUler> I. Substitution of non Ju*t producing or harmless substances. .2, Isolation of the dusty operation. 4. Wetting the dust at its source, t. Local exhaust ventilation. In certain instances the above methods may be supplemented by persona! res piratory protection. The first method has a rather limited application. One example is the substi Time t>t Exposure Ib minute* tettvity Use of Partins Compound , Remaining Tasks in Molding: Pouring ................................. .......... Dumping- molds mhake out i Total ........................... '?")* million pxnu'ie-miaute* U million particles fper *u u Average Dust Exposure in MiJHoo* of Particle* per eu, ft, ` b) 3-H 4.4 .132.,15 Partlelettiautes in Million* fa. x b) 445 1.313 l** 52*1 3.J51 tution of a non-siiica parting compound for a silica compound in making foundry molds. Table I shows that although the use of a parting compound in this par ticular study only necessitated an ex posure of 54 minutes of the 540 minutes of a moider's work day (10 per cent), actually this activity accounted for ap proximately 58 per cent of the moider's total exposure. In the case of abrasive cleaning with steel instead of sand, we have the ex ample of the substitution of a substance involving a lesser dust exposure as well as the use of a less toxic material. ' Table IT shows the improvement affected by this type of substitution. \ot only is the dust concentration reduced from an average of 969 million to 155.000 par ticles per cubic foot with the use of the steel abrasive, but the potential exposure to quartz dust is diminished from 42-98 per cent to 3 per cent. The second method of control consists of isolating the dusty process. It has many possibilities, but unfortunately it is not widely used. The theory under lying isolation is to concentrate the dust sources to one locality or to a single dosed space. In this way, a minimum number of employees are exposed to dust. annealing flasks containing ground slag are emptied in malleable iron foundries, frequently exposing grinders and tum bling barrel attendants at work dose by. Perhaps the best example of isolation of a dusty process is the abrasive clean ing room. This completely encloses a very hazardous process and exposes only the blaster who is generally equipped with a protective helmet. The room is aiso exhausted, which further assists in reducing the dust concentration. Proc esses which are isolated require good ventilation. (Other examples are the automatic turntable for abrasive clean lurine shake - out, many foundries ing, tumbling barrels, and batch-mixing expose workers who are normally engag rooms that are found in some pottery ed in occupations with low dust concen establishments. trations, Thus moiders in a particular The third method, and perhaps the foundry may be exposed to a dust con oldest, is the practice of wetting the dust centration of 3,000,000 particles per at its source. In Table III, an example of cubic foot under normal occupational this control method is depicted in con conditions. When shake-out operations nection with the drilling and loading of are carried on dose by. their exposure rock in anthracite coal mine operations.3 may be increased to more than 50,000,- From the results shown in the table, it 000. The same condition exists when is apparent that a tremendous reduction DECEMBER. 1935 Table II--Reduction in concentration and quartz content of dut in sandblast rooms wilh substitution of -teef shot for -and abrasive Type of Abraatve Sand ........................... ........ Oust roneentratloa, millions of particle* per. cu. ft. l,eroentijce of quarts .... `'I?* 42-?' :i i (8 in dust has been effected. However, as pointed out previously, unless the dust is reduced to a safe limit, the method cannot be considered successful. In the present instance, the workers engaged in drilling are still exposed to unsafe con centrations. and the more positive meth od of controlling the dust in drilling operations with dust traps would be in dicated. For drilling and loading oper ations involving an exposure to dusts less toxic than those containing high amounts of free silica, as in the case of coal or certain talcs, the reduction shown by the use of wet methods may be con sidered highly effective. The fourth method--exhaust ventila tion-- is perhaps the most effective and the one with the widest application. It is not within the scope of this article to enter into details of theory and design except to point out that there is a real need for more fundamental studies of the type conducted by DallaValle with reference to the design of local exhaust hoods. This he has recently presented in detail in Public Health Bulletin No. 217. The work of Hatch and his col leagues4 on the control of the silicosis hazard in the hard rock industries is an other example of a scientific approach to the dust elimination problem. It is apparent by now that there are no set rules for the mechanical protec tion of workers from the dust hazard. Specific conditions encountered in an in dustry or plant will determine the type of protection. Experience has indicated that by studies of occupational exposure it is often possible to find the solution to the problem. Table IV indicates the various control measures found in use in the anthracite coal mines investigated in the study re ferred to earlier. Although no single mine practiced all the control measures shown in this table, by an occupational study in several representative mines it was possible to show that methods are now known and practiced for the elim Table III--Contriuting "tv.'f''' anil "Dry" Methods of Rock Drilling and hoauimc . Processes Drilling ............................... Loading: ........................................... No. of Samples ................ ................ 23 ]0 Average daat eaaat la mllllom* of particles per cable foot .........................................-------------- Drr 568 636 Wet U 32 Table IV--Summary of Results Contrasting Dust Exposure of Mine Workers under Controlled and Uncontrolled Working Conditions Dost Concentration millions of particle# per cn, ft, of air Operation Firing: charge ............. . Loading? coal or rock ...... Loading coal ............ . Drilling .......................... Haulm* coal in mine*... I'reparation of coal _____ iotdtn`KThaofJodwryw crw>*tiu- lt Is Controlled Uncontrolled Remarks 40 834 Unless at. least 16 minutes elapsed after firing & charge, miners found to be exposed to high dust concentrations 636 By wetttnff the loaded ma terial dust count is reduced as shown 4-26 291-1136* Mechanical loading decreases dust exposure as indicated 33 56* Wet drilling: is effective in re ducing the dust concentration. Further reduction would ne cessitate exhaust ventilation i 17 Wetting: coal and empty cars reduces dust in haulage ways with jt<* 380 Wet breakers reduce dust counts as shown Lading of w*t white Ue higher utrin is bued on ths hind Table V--Exposure of Hatters* Fur Workers to Mercury Dust and Vapor under Controlled and Uncontrolled Conditions Occupation Blowers ........ Shippers ..... Gutters ............ Clippers .. . ------- ............. .. . Total Mercury Exposure ta Milligrams per 10 cubic meter* Uncontrolled Controlled Va s <i. \ 7 Method of Control None None A * $*ffregratlon wesrreipation ination of the dust hazard in this in dustry. Another example of present methods used in an attempt to control industrial health hazards is indicated in the results of a study now in progress in connection with mercuriaiism in the hatters' fur cutting industry. Table V shows the ex posure to mercury dust and vapor under controlled and uncontrolled working con ditions. it is quite apparent that where some measure of control is practiced by such methods as segregation or local ex haust ventilation, a material reduction in the exposure to mercury has been effected. It is our belief that in the case of the blowers' exposure, a reduc tion may be effected by mechanicai en closure and local exhaust ventilation, and that the shippers' exposure to mer cury vapor may be lessened by a general system of ventilation. Unfortunately, the present investigation has revealed no plant in which an attempt has been made to reduce the exposure for these two occupations. In some dusty occupations the meth ods of controlling dust have not been developed. In fact, such industrial oper ations as removing the cores from very large foundry castings, sandblasting handling used storage battery plates, paint chipping, and cadmium oxide man ufacture appear to offer no practical means of adequate control. In such cases it is therefore necessary to furnish the worker with personal respiratory protective equipment. These devices consist of various types of respirators, masks and helmets. It is important, first of all, to recog nize the limited use of personal protec tion devices. Because a worker cannot wear a mask or helmet continuously with comfort, such devices must be employed intermittently. Consequently their use is extended to those operations where other methods have failed, or to supple ment them, as in storage batten,- repair In connection with respiratory pro tective devices, it is necessary to point out that at the present time the U, ; Bureau of Mines is equipped to conduct approval tests of respirators. i ;?cbe<iu'ie 21). These tests are conducted against the dust for which the device is to be used. Respirators are rated not an effi ciency basis but on the amount of (fust that actually passes the filtering medium With reference to masks or helmets of the positive pressure type, it may be of interest to present the resuits of a study of such devices made during the sand blast investigation conducted several (Please, turn to Pare 6j) NATIONAL SAFETY NEW' 19 Visualize Traffic with Models Toy autos and miniature streets can be used very In order to illustrate the proper way effectively in teaching traffic lessons and for demon in which to make a left turn the follow strating the lessons of accidents that have occurred ing problem is given: "Your car has been parked along the riant hand curb whiie you were making By EDWIN D. JACKSON isH. Suf/r.. Votor Vehicle Serince, Pott O/fice Dept,, Chicago deliveries in the vicinity. Your next stop is on the intersecting street toward the south of your present position (the top of the replica representing north). It is .NUMBER ot years ago while to drive it onto the street and park it as A seeking different and more im pressive ways in which to train near the intersection as the iaw will per mit. In your demonstration explain each truck drivers we conceived the idemaoovef you make so that all may under illustrating traffic laws and safety rules stand." by means of toy automobiles on a replica of a city street. We constructed a flat surface about four feet long by two feet wide, set at .in angle of approximately 17 degrees so as to he visible from all parts of the instruction room. Upon this we out lined two intersecting streets, one of which contains a double street car line with a safety island, and an alley. At the intersection we erected a three light "stop and go" signal which is operated by means of a small flash light battery which is used in illustrating the red, yellow and green signals. Class rather than individual instruc tion is given. After roil call announce ment is made that each one will be called upon to demonstrate problems involv ing traffic regulations and safety rules There is no suggestion that there is a law which requires that a stop be made at the sidewalk line before emerging from the alley. In order to demonstrate that it is not safe to pass an overtaken street car at a street intersection the following prob lem is given: `Your car and a street car are stand ing at the near side of a street inter section. As all of the passengers board the street car and it starts forward you start your car. It is your duty to pass the street car as the motorman is in no particular hurry at this time. Now move your car, while I move the street car, and demonstrate how you would drive under this condition." If the driver attempts to pass the by moving a toy automobile on the street car within the intersection I quick replica in the same manner in which he would drive his machine. The driver called upon proceeds with ly stop the street car and move up a car from the left, which had been standing at the intersection, in such a manner as his demonstration describing each move to cause a collision. We then explain and explaining his reason therefore after why it is unsafe to attempt to pass any which without comment inquiry is made overtaken vehicle at a street intersec >f the class whether all agree with him. tion when the vision to either side is ob if any disagree they are requested to scured. now your duty to prnceed from your present position to your next stop. Please demonstrate how you would drive under these conditions, explaining each move you make and give reasons therefore,'' In making a proper demonstration in this instance the driver must tell what precautions he should take before start ing from the curb, signate required, etc., he must show how he would reach the center line of the street and make the left turn around the center of the inter section. While he is engaged I gener ally move a car forward from the oppo site direction so that unless he stops his car while in the act of turning a collision will occur. This is to test his knowledge jf the iaw which grants the right of way to vehicles proceeding straight across the intersection over those making a left turn therein. In demonstrating the correct way in which to make a right hand turn at an intersection we place a car in the iane of traffic nearest the center of the street and then request that the car be moved to a place on the intersecting street to the right. in making this demonstration the operator must make his way into the first iane of traffic and make the turn as dose to the curb as possible. As he approaches the intersection we operate the -Stop and Go" signals. Sometimes demonstrate their way. The problem is then thoroughly discussed and the in structor in order to firmly fix the prin ciples in the minds of all present again makes the correct demonstration and re states the iaw or rule involved. Whenever possible the problems are stated in such a manner as not to suggest the method of its solution. For instance, it we desire to test a driver's knowledge regarding the iaw which requires one to stop before emerging from an alley. We state the problem as follows: "You are the operator of this car which is stand ing in this alley, it is now your duty The hoard used by Mr. Jackson for training drivers in traffic regulation- ami reenact ing accident* that have occurred. DECEMBER. 1935 20 the operator fails to note this and makes the turn against the light. In demonstrating how one should drive from one side of a greet to the other the following problem is stated: "Your car is parked along the right curb of this street while you are making a delivery. Your next stop is on the other side of the street and hecause of the weight of the article to be delivered there you cannot carry it across but must drive across and stop your car at the curb in front of the place of delivery. Now move this toy car in the manner in which you would drive explaining as you proceed.'' Sometimes an operator wall move the car across the street in a diagonal man ner and stop it with the left side at the curb instead of making the complete turn and stopping with the right wheels at the curb as the law requires. To illustrate the law which prohibits the passing of an overtaken street car on the left side we state the problem thus: "You have been following this street car for quite some distance and finally decide to pass it. While I move the street car you move this toy showing how you would pass under these condi tions, explaining your acts." And in order to make it easier to pass to the left than to the right we place other toys along the right side of roadway making it difficult to pass on that side. The safe driver, of course, will wait until he can safely pass to the right. These problems, taken at random, are sufficient. I think, to iilustrate how vividly traffic laws and safety rules can be taught by means of models on a replica of a city street. Each one can see exactly how each move should be made and not knowing who will be called upon to make the demonstration each must pay very close attention through out the session. Moreover, we have found by experience that the drivers become very' much interested and watch each move intently trying to detect some error on the part of the demonstrator. Fre quently some very interesting discussions arise over disputed moves. In preparing for these sessions the in structor should make a careful survey of the accidents in which the drivers were involved during the previous six months and prepare special problems illustrating the rules and regulations involved. We have found that drivers not onlygrasp safety principles quickly by this method of instruction, but that they can explain hew their accidents occurred far more easily by the use of models than bv written reports. bo the accident investigator after pre paring a replica of the scene of ,m acci dent drawn to scale requests the driver to demonstrate tn detail each move made by all involved. By this means the investigator is en abled to secure a far more accurate and detailed account of the accident than i> possible through the usual question and answer method. By it also he can detect discrepancies which otherwise might pass unnoticed. For example, a driver submits an acci dent report wherein he stated that while crossing B street westbound in A street his vehicle is struck by a truck south bound in B street at a high rate of speed, the left front of the other car coming in contact with the right front of his; that when he was about SO feet from the in tersection he observed the approach of the other vehicle which was then several hundred feet from the intersection; that he continued since he was approaching the intersection so far in advance of the other car; and that just before the colli sion he again observed the other car nearby whereupon he turned toward his left and applied his brakes but was un able to avoid a collision. If this driver should be called before an investigator who uses models he will find a replica of the scene of his acci dent placed in front of him and he will be told that the blue car. for instance, represents the car operated by him while the red car represents the other car in volved. He will then be requested to place the blue car in as nearly the same position on the replica as his car occu pied in the street as he approached the intersection and at a considerable dis tance therefrom, say about 200 or 300 feet if possible on the replica. PwiLue everucarn] \ I GOiNC DOWN ' ^ T0 10OK FOR. rM T -ii t P AK , , UL [ i th0OCh ^J . SECON D j f \ The driver then places the blue car In the first iane of traffic it a distance representing about two or three feet from the curb and advises that when at tha: piace his vehicle was moving about :mies an hour. He then moves the a, forward to a place corresponding to the piace where he stated he was when he first observed the approach "f the other vehicle. His toy is stopped there and measurements taken and it is found that the piace was about SO feet from the intersection. He is then requested to place the ren toy in the position corresponding to <ha: of the other car when it was first boserved by him and places it in the lane o( traffic nearest the center of the street a: a point which upon measurement prove,: to be about ISO feet, not several hundred feet, from the intersection. He the;, moves the blue toy toward the intersec tion explaining that he reduced his speed as he did so to about 15 miles a hour: that on arriving at the east sidewalk line he looked toward the left for traffic con tinuing his course and then again to the right at which time the blue toy is near the center of the intersection. At this point he again observed the other car which was then crossing the north curb line of the intersection as indicated by the red toy; that he turned toward his left and the other driver toward his right and that the right front fender of his car and the left front of the other car came into contact. Apparently there are not many dis crepancies between the two versions of the accident as given by the driver. How ever, it so happened that the building located at the northeast corner of the intersection extended to the sidewalk Sine on both streets. Now by drawing a line representing the field of vision m the driver from the place he indicated he first observed the other vehicle you will observe that the other car couin not have been seen from that place un less it were within about 50 feet of the intersection, and as it was approaching from the right, it had the right of war over the other car. The driver, disconcerted by this T-closure, quickly admitted that he b : not observe the other car until just liefore the collision occurred, which might have been only a theory in the mind o: the investigator had he not insisted upon u, visual demonstration. Even the most illiterate driver can. by the use of models in discussing accident-, re-enact every one clearly and concisely thereby reducing the work of the inci dent investigation department, NATIONAL AAFF.TA NEW- 21 NLESS all signs fail and labor to winter occur in industrial works also U iously compiled statistics have no meaning, approximately and typical ones to beware will be men tioned in this article. 51,000 American men, women and childThe sentimental admonition, "Keep ren will be killed in accidents during the the Home Fires Burning," is well ob four wintry months ahead of us. It is, served throughout the country. The to be sure, a bleak and sad prospect. fires are kept burning so brightly and Strangely enough few of the victims with so little care on the part of the will be suffering particularly from the householder that several thousand per rigors of the weather at the moment the sons are burned to death each winter. tragedy occurs: they will be at home: It is not surprising that more burns they will be riding in an enclosed and occur in the cold season than at any possibly heated automobile: or they other time of the year: for in the greater will be walking in more or less comfort part of the country tires are lighted in mt of doors. Many accidents peculiar the fall and are not permitted to die until spring. The common causes of domestic con flagrations still include practices which have been outlawed by people of sense for many years. Starting a lire in a stove or furnace with gasoline or kero sene is an example. Another is storing ashes in combustible containers such as iiaskets and boxes. Still another is neg lecting chimneys and dues year in and tear out so that they become excessively dirty or otherwise defective. The Christmas holidays is a time when special care must be taken not only because of the decorated tree and quantities of tissue paper and other com bustible-, but also because at this rime people are apt to relax their ordinary caution. There is no more effective way to spoil n holiday than to set fire to the house, and there is no more common way of achieving this than tossing a match which is not quite out into a wastebasket or dropping a cigaret butt into the pile of paper the presents came in. There are other hazards around the home in winter. Porches, steps and walks should be kept free from snow. Ice should be melted off with salt or sprin kled with sand or ashes. Icicles should be removed from gutters, particularly over porch steps. In the garage the greatest hazard is carbon monoxide gas. Before starting the motor of your car, open the doors. This may run up the heating bill, but to fail to do so is suicidal. A small fraction of the deadly gas in the air is sufficient to asphyxiate a robust man. Driving an automobile in winter is a tricky business. A mid-day thaw may melt a sheen of ice so that one drives along in comparative safety only to re turn over the same road a few hours (or even minutes) later to find that it is ice once more. Even on level pavements there are dips where water accumulates and freezes, jnd if the unsuspecting mo torist attempts to swerve his car or apply his brakes at such a point, he may lose control. Because of the suddenness of changes in temperature it is probable that state and county highway officials never will be able to safeguard the highways from this grave danger. Calcium or sodium chloride mixed with sand, or heated sand will give an abrasive surface even to hard ice, but it is impossible to apply these substances soon enough to protect the first motorists who drive over the highway after the freeze. Tire chains help the motorist control his machine, and he should use them on slippery mads ..r streets: but for driving on ice the best safety device is skill and DECEMBER. WS 22 care. It is possible on a country high way to drive too slowly for safety, especi ally on banked curves. If the centrifugal force of the car is not sufficient to offset the slope, the machine will slip and slide into the ditch. The best trained and most expert commercial drivers in the country dread ice. The average motorist would be wise to leave his car in the garage until such conditions pass. Various devices are on the market for melting sleet and ice from the windshieid of an automobile. Probably the most effective are the electric heating units which keep at least a portion of the area dear. A bag of salt attached to the ordinary wiper is said to work, but sometimes too much snow and sleet fall for such a device to cope with. While it is true that the pedestrian is generally at the mercy of the driver, it is also true that many a driver has steered his car deliberately into curbs, trees and even oncoming machines to avoid striking a walker who through ignorance or indifference boited into his path. Children are bv no means the only offenders in this respect. Pedes trians can do much to make streets safer especially in winter when the traction of the automobile on the pavement is none too good. Walkers should realize the difficulties under which the driver is operating. And they should also realize that their skin is at stake too. Other dangers besides being run over beset the pedestrian. Plain ice on a flat sidewalk has sent many a person to the hospital. Elderly people especially suffer from falls. They should wear foot rubbers on slippery walks, and younger, more active people should give them a hand when they need it. All of these little "good deeds" should not be left to the Boy Scouts. Since frost - bite is classified as an accident it would not be inappropriate to mention the symptoms and the treat ment of this exigency of winter here. If your nose or ear or hand becomes painfully cold and then suddenly loses the sense of feeling entirely and if it STAY OUT FROM UNDER ICICLES WATCH YOUR STEP ON SLIPPERY PAVEMENTS WINTERS HERE NSC Poster No. 5352 turns white or grayish-white, the part is frost-bitten. The object of treatment is to bring the part back to normal temperature so that circulation will be restored; but this must be done slowly. Keep the patient away from fire. Do not even permit him to enter a very warm room. Apply the palm of your hand or a piece of woo! or fur to the affected part and massage it gently. Then apply cold water. Use ointment as you would in the case of a burn for frost-bite has the same effect. A 3.000 pound icicle hanging from a leaking sprinkler tank 75 feet above the roof of a machine shop in which scores of men worked was a spectacular hazard at a northern plant last winter. It typi fies the kind of dangers which industrial safety men must be on the lookout for in the cold months. This particular icicle, by the way, did not fall; the management did not wait for a thaw to melt the mass and let it drop. A worker with a gasoline blow torch was suspended in a bos'n's chair from the platform and, working from the bottom, melted away about eight inches at a time. It took a day to complete the job. Smaller icicles than this perhaps are more dangerous, because they do not look so formidable. But it takes only a few pounds of ice dropping on a man's head to frac-are his skull. Icicles should be removed as fast as they form any place around the plant. The late fall is a good time to check fire extinguishers and to remove to a warm place all of the soda-acid type. Since they are full of plain water, noth ing will prevent their freezing. All walks and steps should be sanded or salted as soon as ice forms--certainly before shifts change. Workmen should not be permitted to carry heavy objects over slippery places. Snow should be removed from flat roofs at once. Serious accidents have occurred when such root= collapsed under the extra burden of deep snow. Boards and all loose objects should be picked up from the yards. They will freeze to the ground and form a serious tripping hazard. Salamanders are looked upon as an evil by most safety engineers--albeit a necessary one. These devices, while they have created warmth, have caused many a lire and not a few asphyxiation* too, A workable guard for a salamander is shown and described on page 51 of this issue. The guard will help to keep chilly men at a safe distance. Workers whose clothes are oily should be particularly careful. A salamander should not be (Please turn to page 66) NATIONAL SAFETY NEW' What Makes Tools Hazardous? Tools in bad shape and workers who lack caution or skill in their use are responsible for a heavy total of disabling injuries By A. A. R A LL Power & Light Company Safety Superouur, Kansas Cun VEN in this age of machinery danger is particularly grave when men E many operations must still be performed with hand tools. And are working on ladders or platforms or in the other elevated positions. There statistics show that these hand tools caorne numerous ways in which accidents tribute a large proportion of the acci may arise, but the following are perhaps dental injuries in industry. .Many ma the most common: chine accidents can be prevented by the use of safety devices but safety in handling materials and using hand tools 1. The use of open-end wrenches which ire not the right size to lit the nuts to which they are applied. depends largely upon training and con trol of the individual worker. The hands seem to be the chief suffer ers in hand tool accidents. It might be a literal interpretation about not letting the left hand know what the right hand doeth. In giving charitable aid this is an admirable principle, but it is a most unsafe one in any industrial occupation. One cause of injury is the habit of 2. The comers of the nuts may have become misshapen through long-continued use (if nuts have become badly worn in this way they should lie removed with a pipe-wrench or an alligator wrench, and new nuts substituted). 3. Monkey wrenches are applied with the jaws pointing away from the users, instead of towards them. 4. The adjusting mechanism of monkey wrenches and pipe wrenches sometimes become so worn that it is no longer possible to set the jaws tightly. letting the hands wander about without 3. The wrench that is used may be too large direction or conscious control, as in making gestures while talking. This is especially dangerous around electrical apparatus, moving machinery (industry is not yet 100 per cent safeguarded) sharp edges or hot objects. When we suffer such an injury we may be wholly unable to explain how our hands happened to be in the danger zone. But they get there if we do not attend to what we are doing. We received our hands free, but we can have only one pair. Yet we take all manner of chances with them, allow ing them to become bruised, infected and mutilated. The ways in which injuries to the hands are caused are as varied as the number of different kinds of tools. For the most part, there appears to be no remedy of a mechanical nature. The accidents usually result from care lessness or from lack of dexterity in the use of tools, so that the remedy lies in the exercising of greater personal care on the part of the workman. However, it might be well to discuss the use of the more familiar hand tools. Wrenches: Many an accident has been caused by the simple slipping of a wrench: yet this exceedingly common hazard is seldom appreciated. The for the job or it may be unreasonably lengthened by slipping a piece of pipe over the handle, so that the bolt twists off under the excessive leverage that is applied. The methods of eliminating these accident causes are fairly obvious. Pliers: Too many of us are plier mechanics. The slip-joint pliers are the most commonly used and come in handy in many ways, as they hold square ob jects as well as round ones. Its use is generally understood but the tool is sub jected to considerable abuse. One abuse is in helping the screw driver to remove a tight screw or slotted head bolts. This frequently results in spreading of the slot so that it practically becomes im possible to remove the part with con ventional tools. It being necessary to maintain a grip on the pliers, one cannot steady the screw driver properly when additional leverage is necessary. Cold Chisel: This instrument is in tended to cut metal softer than the tool itself and must have the same amount of care as any other tool to do good work. The chisel head will swell or broom out from constant use. This swell or broom should be ground off as a matter of safety. When the chisel is properly tempered the hammer will not dii much damage. A chisel should not he used on an anvil. A good anvil is made of the same material as the chisel and tempered to the same degree of hardness. Contact of the two under the blow of the hammer is injurious to both. Also bear in mind that the chisel should be of sufficient length to permit holding it properly. Hammers: The hammer is probably subjected to more abuse than any other tool. The types of hammers in generai use are the daw and pall peen. The claw hammer comes in for considerable abuse because the handle is of such pro portions that it is amply strong for use as a daw. However, it is impossible to pull spikes with the average weight hammer. It is bad practice to use a pipe over the handle to secure additional leverage. A broken handle and a bad fall is the inevitable result. Security of the hammer head on its handle is im portant as a loose head results in poor work as well as danger. The hammer head should be fitted to the handle with properly fitted wedges. Screw Driver: The leverage applied to tHs tool is practically governed by the twist of the wrist in rotating the tool. Care must be taken in obtaining leverage by offsetting the screw driver since the effect on the slot is apt to be much the same as that produced by an improperly shaped point. An improperly shaped tool will mutilate the screw head TOOLS DONT CAUSE ACCIDENTS IT'S THE PEOPLE WHO MISUSE"MISPLACE THEM N A r O N 4 k j. A F T V C O U N - i. \>C Poster No. H-0 DECEMBER. 1935 21 as it does not have a good bearing slot. To counteract this tendency to dip, the screw head, being of softer material, swells where the point touches on its edges. This increases with each effort until finally the sides of the slot are so tapered that some make shift arrange ment must he used to remove the screw. Constant usage depreciates the tool and it must be dressed to restore its con dition, but this dressing must be under stood to get maximum service. The prac tice of holding the screw driver in one hand and the material to be worked on in the other, is decidedly unsafe. If work is done in this manner, a pierced liana is often the resuit caused by the slipping of the screw driver from the screw slot. To reduce the hazard of -lipping, screw drivers are now being manufactured with ribbed points. A screw driver presents several hazards when used as a makeshift tool for other than its intended purpose. The shank often becomes bent from use as a pinch bar. The handle becomes split and splintered from hammer blows when used as a chisel. Inguinal ruptures have also been caused through bruises to the body when the driving points have sud denly been released from the screw slot. Sectional Officers ECAL'SE of the limited time be B tween the conclusion of the Twentyfourth Annual bat'ety Congress ami the publication date of the November issue of the National safety News, only a few portraits of the general chairmen of the carious sections could be obtained. The photographs shown here have since been received. LtUuio Carbonic G rhu.,1^4. f'i-J) Auxundfr F*>mpr Ir, vwtner Ou.. Phila* k-fphlj. ' /r. I / W, A. Brown Tennessee Electric Power Co.. Nashville, (Trjn>tn D. B, Cols.vm.n Missouri Portland Ce ment Co., St LuutN Mo. t Cement i Files: Never use a file without a handle. Many men have violated this precaution and have had the sharp point driven far into their hands. Never hit a file with a hammer as pieces of hard ened steel are almost sure to fly The See Man's Equipment Fools most commonly used by the ice-delivery man are tongs, picks, and axes. All these tools should be kept sharp and in good condition in every respect. A suitable holder or rack, should be provided for the ax on every- wagon, ana the ax should always be kept in it when not in use. The delivery man should have a suitable shield in which to carry his pick and should never carry it in his pocket. Empty tongs, when carried, should be closed so that their points overlap--both handles being held in the hand. He often opens them out and carries them by hooking one point over his shoulder. This is a dangerous practice and would be iikeiv to result in serious injury if he should fall. A great many accidents happen through the im proper sharpening of ice tongs. There have been more injuries in ice plants due to the breaking of some parts of the ice-puliing equipment than in all the other departments combined. It if the duty of the ice puller, as well as the engineer in charge, to watch his ice pull- ing equipment for any dangerous defects, and should he detect any part of this equipment showing signs of wear or de fects that are liable to cause him or any other puller injury, he must report such condition to the one in charge and it should be remedied as soon as possible. It is very essential that one should use extreme caution in handling heavy machinery, especially when rope blocks, hand tools or chain hoists are employed. One should know approximately the weight of material to be handled, the capacity of the hoist, and the strength and condition of the supporting beam to sustain the entire weight. As a rule, when a machine or part of a machine falls it results in broken parts and injury to one or more of the employees. The Tool Room The tool room has been found to be a profitable investment as it has paid a company with which i am acquainted in three ways: l. Bad hand tools were practically eliminated. It was ;urpri>m.g ?> note the condition the tools ivere allowed to get into. In `<me in>Unce> >nlv halt of the tool was returned. N Longer life of tools, greater care shown, iud elimination i-f abuse to tools, - Berfcr tfiade wh~.1$ were purchased, o>n* .i-juenfh' the maintenance oi took improved. R. M. Godwin Philadelphia Electric G->:, Philadelphia, f Public UtilitieO ti, E- Grant Crystal Tissue C.i>., Middletown, O. 'Pa per and Pulp) f. A. PU`JU>Y Michigan Mutual Lia* biiity Co., Detroit. rVTwd Product*) C. T. >X'(NEGA& Chrvsler Corp., De troit. ; Automatic ; 6 Machine S 'u,pi Charging Accident Costs to Departments To make the whole organization real ize the cost of accidents, one company adopted the pian of charging against each department an arbitrary amount for each injury sustained. For accidents not involving compen sation the schedule is: first aid cases. SC cents; redressings, 25 cents: disabling injuries. Si00. NATKANIL SAPETY NEWfl If It's for the personal protec tion of the worker, you're almost sure to find it in the extensive safety wardrobe at Hawthorne Works * XV industry whose operations inA valve wide variety of occupa- *> tions must use many types of protective equipment which must be selected carefully with due consideration for the needs of the job. To assist our foremen in the selection of equipment, we have standard specifications and every foreman has a copy. In it he will rind the specifications for every class of work. Following is a summary of the main classes of work at Hawthorne with the types of equipment provided: Foundry and Forge Molders. cupola tenders, furnace tendei s and helpers in foundry and forge are equipped with heavy duty metal or com position cup goggles with hardened lenses. The lenses in the furnace tender's goggles are of a forge and furnace shade. Electric furnace tenders, however, wear a welder's goggle, described later. Dog gies with clear lenses are used for such operations as breaking defective cast ings, cleaning castings with compressed air, grinding castings to remove gates or fins, pounding on castings to remove -and cores, pouring molten metal into molds with hand or bull ladles, remov ing gates or tins from castings with air chisels, or hand chisels and hammers, and working in vicinity of chipping hammers. Leggings are of the non-lacing, nonLtickiing and snap buttoning type held in place by hidden steel springs similar to the old bicycle pants guard. They will come off instantly from a tug at any point. There are no gadgets to con fuse the wearer or those who are trying to help him in an emergency, just one -itnple thing to remember--grab any where and pull Men wear safety hats when chipping -lag out of cupolas. Our construction crews of masons, carpenters, millwrights, and so on, wear them whenever they are engaged in work where there is the slightest chance ..f objects falling from overhead. Dressed for Safety By ELMER J. SMITH Safety and Health IMrector, Western Uterine Ctnitpang. Hawthorne Works, Chicago Our employees wear 'Congress" safe ty shoes for their protection in addition to the leggings. We use a leather steel faced glove when charging a cupola or handling pig iron. Full leather palm gloves with band top are used in chipping casting fins, loading and unloading tumbling barrels, and removing castings from sand. For the protection of health, workers In the brass foundry are provided with overalls and undershirts with full length sleeves. This is in accordance with Illinois labor laws. \t the termination of a shift molders take shower baths on company time. Workers in this classi fication are provided with two lockers, one for working clothes and the other tor street clothes. For protection against solid non-voiaiie particles suspended in air, men clean ing inside of a cupola are provided with respirators. Incidentally, our supervisors make periodic inspection of respirators and other safety equipment to insure that they have not become worn, damaged, or deteriorated to such an extent that they no longer provide adequate protec tion. Special precautions are also taken to see that cracked, broken, or pitted lenses in goggles are not used, leggings are not worn threadbare nor with tom places so as to permit molten metal to get into the upper portion <>t the shoe and Congress shoe soles are not worn through, nor the upper torn outside the area covered by leggings. Woodworking and Wood Finishing Employees operating woodworking machines are required to wear goggle>. DECEMBER. Jvi5 *26 when, in the opinion of the supervisor there is the slightest eye hazard present. Goggles are mandatory on all tool grind ing operations. The hands of all employees handling rough lumber on machines such as swing saws, rip saws, molders, automatic and glue jointers are protected against cuts, scratches, and slivers with leather-paim canvas gloves. Those engaged in shellac dipping oper ations are supplied with rubber gioves. The lingers of employees gluing mis cellaneous wooden parts are protected with finger cots. The personal clothing of employees dipping parts in shellac or spraying parts is protected with overalls. Manufacture of Rubber in the manufacture of rubber and in other operations our supervisors instruct employees in the proper manner in which equipment is to be worn to insure the greatest possible protection. When mixing rubber compound, sift ing or handling suiphur or powdered shellac, cleaning dust collectors, sacking powdered rubber, breaking rubber scrap, blowing soapstone and sandblasting rubber parts, our employees wear heavy duty cup type goggles, it protects against large heavy particles, severe im pacts and high dust concentrations. When handling india - rubber yellow or vermilion, or cleaning brass equip ment in an acid dip tank our men wear light acid gloves. Gauntlet gloves are worn when mixing shellac or rubber compounds containing poisonous substances on milling rolls. They are also used in handling hot molds subsequent to vulcanizing operations.. Respirators are also worn when mix ing rubber compound containing a high percentage of hard rubber powder, han dling suiphur, sifting powdered shellac and in the performance of other work, where harmful dusts and material are encountered. Plating and Acid Dipping A special goggle is used to protect against, sprayed or splashed corrosive solutions and irritating liquids. fndershirts and overalls are aiso fur nished for platers and acid dippers. Pro tective clothing is laundered weekly. Rubber gauntlet gioves are worn by those engaged in all plating and dipping operations. Wooden soled shoes are well known in plating operations. The kind we use, however, are equipped with safety toe caps. Rubber aprons are worn whenever acid is being changed or tanks are being cleaned. Electric Arc Welders All arc welding at Hawthorne is per formed inside special enclosures. Weld ers, helpers, and others in the welding booth are provided with eye and face protection and safety clothing which, with their personal apparel, affords com plete protection from the heat and the rays of the arc. The type of welding mask we use is equipped with the lens and two cover glasses. Goggles are worn under the helmet. They protect the eyes against an un expected flash which sometimes occurs while men are arranging their work with the helmet in the up or overhead posi tion. The arms, hands, body, and feet of welders are protected with such clothing as tanned leather gloves, tanned leather sleeves, chrome leather aprons, chrome tanned leather leggings, jumpers. Periodic inspection is made of this equipment too. Special precautions are taken with masks to insure that they do not leak light, cover glasses are not broken or cracked, colored lenses are protected by cover glasses, cover glasses are replaced when burned or pitted to the extent that vision is affected, fibre is not bruised nor broken. Machinist Clothing In lathe, milling, shaping, and similar machine operations our employees wear the light duty type of goggle. When side protection is required from materials thrown from neighboring machines gog gles with side screens are worn. When acetylene welding or cutting. a goggle with shade Xo. 8 is generally used. It is also equipped with a cover glass. Although these are not furnished by the company, every effort is made to encourage employees to wear safety shoes. This shoe Is equipped with a safety steel toe cap which will withstand 1,950 pounds before deflecting onequarter of an inch. Rough chrome soles are worn in our rod mill and other places where drawing compounds or oil are encountered. Sandblasters Sandblasters wear the same white acid gloves as are worn by platers. In cidentally, we stock and order the right and left as separate items because the right hand glove wears out much faster. They aiso wear flame proof sleeves. Grinders (in most grinding operations we use a goggle with screened sides. On lighter operations, however, where no side pro tection is required we use the light duty type of goggle. Miscellaneous Clothing All men at Hawthorne working at a height of ten feet or more above the floor are required to wear life belts. For seven years not one occasion occurred to bring a life belt into play. In the eighth year, however, a 210-pound apprentice, equipped with a safety belt and life line, was working on a scaffold twenty feet above the ground dismantling a gas holder when one of the hooks failed. His body dropped a matter of inches when his safety belt came into play. To prevent callouses forming on fingers men who lay out the lines or form the harness for switchboards wear special gloves. To facilitate dexterity the glove fingers are cut off wherever protection is not needed. We use a canton flannel glove for re moving hot work from plastic material molds and die casting machines. Rolling mill operators in our copper rod mill wear puttees for protection against hot rod stock. The copper sheath ing on the inner side is put on by us. It affords additional protection when men straddle the rod as it comes through the rolls. Where men lift heavy objects, such as pig lead, from one pit to another or load them on a truck, metal foot guards to be strapped on over the shoes are pro vided. Because of the tripping hazard presented by these guards, their use is tPlease turn to page 66) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS There's an Extinguisher for Every Fire Risk EFORE discussing the fighting of B fires in common commercial sub stances let us review some of our modern first-aid fire fighting appliances in order to understand the tools at our disposal. First, the Vaporizing Liquid type of extinguisher. The extinguishing medium is a liquid which readily evaporates pro ducing gases which will not support com bustion. The substance usually is carbon tetrachloride. When sprayed on a fire the heat converts it into gas rapidly. The quantity of vapor which may be produced from one pound of the liquid is about 21 < cubic feet at room tempera ture and normal pressure, ft has a smothering effect, the action amounting to a dilution of the atmosphere to the By C. B. WHITE (Ihfimit-Kngtneer, Amerienit-La Fr'wr* noi Fuatutte Corn. DECEMBER. 1935 X foam extinguisher in action. Foam has a smothering effeot on a blaze which make* it a valuable extinguishing medium for many types of Brea. At the left is a sectional view of a hand type foam extinguisher. point where it will not support combus tion. Since the smothering gas is a free gas, it will function better when it can be confined. A good example of this is a fire under the hood of an automobile. Here the fumes may be trapped long enough to produce a substantial dilution of the atmosphere and the fire goes out. Next the Soda Acid extinguisher which operates by means of pressure produced by the liberation of carbon dioxide from a solution of bicarbonate of soda when acted upon by an add. The fact that the soda-acid device is actuated by chemi cals does not increase its extinguish ing ability over water. In tact the ex tinguisher is merely .1 convenient device for squirting water on to a fire. The ex tinguishing action is almost entirely pro duced by cooling with very little if any smothering. Closely allied to this extinguisher is an oid type which has lately come into favor again. This device instead ot pro ducing its own CO;. by the chemical reaction between a carbonate and an acid contains CO, under pressure in a small cylinder. The extinguishing me dium is plain water which is forced through the hose when the CO, gas is released from its iittie cylinder. A similar extinguisher is the anti freeze type which also employs a cyl inder of CO, but which contains suffi cient anti-freeze chemical in solution in water to render the water non-freeze at minus 40 The point to be stressed under this general head is that the fire extinguish ing action is accomplished, not by the chemicals used or by the gas produced, but the cooling action of the water. Foam, -;ome devices designed to pro duce fire extinguishing foam are large, intricate and stationary while others are small, simple and portable. Each has its use but this article will be confined to the simple portable types. Examination of the hand foam type will reveal three marked differences from the soda-acid type. First the glass bottle of the soda-acid machine has become an elongated metal cylinder. Second, in stead of sulphuric acid this cylinder con tains a concentrated solution of alumi num suiphate. Third, the bicarbonate of soda contains foam stabilizer or r'oam- 28 Sectional diuaram of the familiar :.<>tia-aeid 1-s.tinjSuisher. Although rheinieally actuated, water is the ex- nimti-hiru medium. ing agent usually a derivative of licorice root. When the device is operated the alumi num sulphate reacts with the bicarbon ate just as the acid does in the soda-acid type to produce carbon dioxide but un like the soda-acid stream, which is thin and watery, there is now produced a mass of foam consisting of minute bub bles which contain the carbon dioxide. Furthermore from a foam extinguisher having a liquid capacity of 2's gallons it is possible to produce more than twenty gallons of this fire smothering foam. The striking difference between the stream from the soda-acid machine and that from the toam type is brought about partly by a product of the reaction, bum mu ni hydrate, which gives strength to the bubble w.,11, and partly bv the foaming agent which takes no part in the chemical reaction at all. 'out which acts as a protective colloid merely chang ing the physical nature of the stream from liquid to foam. Foam accomplishes two objectives in firerightina. It cools and it smothers. The cooling action is accomplished by the water contained in the foam and since fully S5 per cent of the total weight of foam is water, this cooling action is practically as great as that from a sodaacid machine of the same size. No tar as the smothering action is con cerned. foam is much heavier than air but tighter than the lightest flammable liquid. Hence it will float upon such liquids as gasoline like a blanket, effec tually cutting off the air necessary for combustion. Another valuable property of foam is its ability to insulate against heat, it is frequently used to cover property not on Are to protect it from the heat of a tire. In fact it has often been used to protect firelighters when they were forced to approach a particularly hot Are. The smothering action of foam is pro duced partly by the CO gas contained in the bubbles and partly by the bubble structure itself. Formerly it was con sidered that the carbon dioxide did ail the work, but we have come to the con clusion that the foam structure itself performs the major part of the smother ing and that the CO, merely contributes a share in the action. The Carbon Dioxide type of extin guisher is different from all the other types, into a relatively small bulk the gas is compressed by liquifying it. In this condition it is held in heavy steel cylinders and at ordinary temperatures exerts a. pressure of about 800 pounds per square inch. When Are occurs and the gas is released it escapes with great velocity. The expansion is high: one pound of liquid CO, expanding in to gas will occupy at normal room temperature and pressure 9 cubic feet. Since one pound of liquid CO, occupies oniy slightly more space than 27 cubic inches its expansion is 576 times. This means that into a small package may be packed a relatively large quantity <>i fire smothering gas. As in the case of the vapor from a vaporizing liquid extinguisher the gas from a CO. extinguisher can do its work iwtter and more efficiently in an en closed space, However, portable CO devices can do very effective work on small areas of alcohol or gasoline even in the open. This is largely due to the formation of CO. snow. This snow has :t certain velocity which carries it through the flame and hot vapors above the tire right to the surface of the burn ing liquid where it floats at the same time subliming rapidly to CO, gas. Underwriters Laboratories recognize three broad types of fires. Classes A. B, and C. For convenience we will add class H. Netting up these classes against the extinguishing devices discussed, we are able to prepare a chart which shows where each of these extinguishers tits into the firefighting picture. The chart tells its own story but in these modern times with our tremendous variety of fire risks. It is difficult to gen eralize, The chart serves merely as i guide. - Alcohol would probably be placed in Class B. It isn't gasoline but it is an extra-hazardous risk--a volatile liquid the vapors of which are highly flam mable. But to use foam to light an alcohol lire would be a mistake. Alcohol 7'he * rui t, Characteristics .-.f !- u* GsUnRUjsiu*t*s in available from the Amertean-La France and Foutnite O.rp, .r National .iitctv Council headquarter t Ptoisr turn to page 6>s) Where water b u-ele>s r even dan* ger.iu%, carbon liovbie <<*n be effectively. NATION \L SAFETY NE^'5 29 Traffic in the Plant By G. J. ADAMS Snix'i-risin', iittcnmitonoi /**//< ( LECTRIC trucks have speeded superintendent, electrical superintend E up ihe handling of materials in industrial plants and eliminated ent, repair superintendent, finishing and paper handling superintendent, and safe much muscular effort. However, thtyeysupervisor are furnished with copies have introduced some problems of con of the list and notified promptly of any trol which were absent in the days of changes. hand trucking. Running into objects, Upon taking charge of a truck, the failure to sound warnings, taking cor operator's first duty is to make a per ners too fast, insecure piling of material sonal inspection of the equipment. He on the truck, and borrowing the truck must make sure that the brakes and the for a ride by an inexperienced operator electric controls are working properly are some of the problems encountered and that the scoop cables on paper load by supervisors and safety men. ing trucks are not frayed. Any truck The suggestions given here are based that is not in good condition must not on the experience of the Three Rivers, be used. Quebec, Mill of the Canadian Interna Trucks that are out of order are re tiona! Paper Company. Realizing the ported or brought at once to the me hazards involved in electric truck opera chanical department or the electrical tion. the plant prepared a set of rules department as the case may require. and instructions for operators. When leaving the truck, the operator A limited number of operators was must remove the control handle. If the appointed. They were carefully selected truck is to be left for any length of time, from the rank and file of employees and he must also pull out the connecting given thorough training. N'o other plug. workers are allowed to operate the Operators are impressed with the fact trucks. that these trucks represent a consider The names of authorized operators able investment for the company. They are kept on file. The manager, genera! should be operated with due care and DECEMBER. 1935 The operator of thl* electric trui'k U protected by a guard made of boiler plate. It in fastened to the truck bv article iron and 'ix half-inch bolts. Protection is assured if the truck should back into a stationary object or be truck by another truck. used only for the purposes they were intended for. The operators are remind ed that they are responsible for the safe operation of their trucks and it is up to them to see that they are in order before and while using them. Having a truck in safe operating con dition is the operator's first responsi bility but he has other obligations. Cer tain traffic regulations must be observed on the plant thoroughfares as well as on the city streets. The operator is instructed to sound his horn when approaching and passing communicating doors, entrances, exits, corners, etc. But he must not take it for granted that the way is clear after blow ing his horn. He must make sure before proceeding. He must come to a dead stop before entering the paper mill from the finish ing rooms, sound his horn and then pro ceed cautiously between machines, using the horn as necessary. Only one paper-loading electric truck is allowed on an elevator at one time. Operators are not allowed to carry passengers on the platforms or scoops of their trucks. Should any employee impede the oper ation of a truck, the operator should report the matter to the offender's super'Hendent. It .houlrl be understood throughout the plant that all employees must cooperate with the truck operator in preventing accidents. Z<S The Safety Exchange "A ROUND TABLE IN PRINT" The. ideas presented here have proved helpful. If you have developed some useful device or method send in a description, with illustration, if possible. These devices are home-made and are not avail able commercially Life Net Protects Bridge Workers Men working on high bridges are pro tected from serious falls by a life net suspended beneath them, A net also serves to catch material which may fall. The accompanying illustration was con tributed by the West Penn Power Com pany. Cut-outs Serve as Safety Reminders These home-made cut outs are used by the American Zinc Company as safety reminders. They are made by cutting out figures and letters from one-inch board, and painting them bright colors. Jacket Prevents Breakage of Water Bottles After a number of serious accidents from water bottles breaking while being handled, this jacket was designed by A. G. F. Schuster, Commonwealth Edi son Company, Chicago. Made of heavy duck, it is built to fit 'nugly over the bottle. The flared neck of the jacket has 3 pleat which, when the handle is put under tension by lift ing. causes the buttie neck to be gripped tightly. The handle at the bottom of the jacket assists in lifting and tipping the bottle. A grommet three inches from the bottom of the jacket lets the air out slowly while the bottle is being put in the jacket. This has a cushioning effect and prevents breakage. Since adopting this jacket for general use there have been no accidents due to the bottles breaking. Color Aids in Keeping Guards in Place A policy in effect in the shops of the Chicago. Burlington and Quincy Rail road insures against the possibility of a machine being operated without ail guards in place. All gears, wheels, dutches, and other moving parts that require guarding, were painted yellow and their guards painted a target red. Every piece of machinery in the shops on the road, and on work or construc tion jobs was so protected. Under this arrangement any workman seeing a yellow part exposed without a corresponding red guard knew immedi ately that the machine was not properly guarded and must not be used. A few exceptions were made in the case of gears that run in a bath of oil. They are then nailed in conspicuous places throughout the plant and remain up a week or ten days. Only one sub ject. or slogan, is put up at a time. The possibilities for slogans are unlimited. Prevents Skinned Knuckles The accompanying sketch illustrates a hook on the side of a tuyere stock which acts as a guide for bars seated in the tuyere cooler. It is set away from the pipe far enough to prevent skinned knuckles and bruises. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Hood Removes Dust from Work Table To remove dust created in brushing dried enamel ware, the General Electric 31 Company designed this table. It con sists of a revolving platform, on which the article being brushed rests, and a surrounding hood. The inside of the hood is chromium finished to prevent dust adhering. A suction vent located Iwlow the platform removes the dust. A wire screen over the vent opening pre vents the loss of small articles. All tools needed in the brushing operation are kept on a small tray in front of the table. Salamander Guard Prevents Burns and Clothing Fires This salamander guard was designed to protect workmen from contact with hot salamanders. The metal rings which project about U inches, are fastened by steel or scrap iron brackets. These may be welded or bolted. The legs are 2x*'3inch steel. This guard can also be made of pipe or angle iron, Geared Windlass Loads Explosives Into Holes To speed up the loading of explosives into chum drill holes, windlasses of the type shown in the accompanying sketch have been devised. The sketch and de scription were prepared originally for The Explosives Engineer by C. W. Allen, of Ispheming, Mich. The wind lass is made of materials available in almost any mine shop. About 10 feet more rope than the depth of the deepest hole to be loaded is marked at iO-foot intervals and reeled up on the drum. At the end of the rope is fastened a i1 >foot loop of Xo, 14 gage copper wire. In lowering a 17-pound 5 by 16-inch cartridge, the loop of the wire is pushed through the cartridge with a copper spear with a notch cut in it. The spear is withdrawn, a twig or shaving from a powder box laid crosswise inside the end of the loop is pulled up tight against the paper wrapping of the cartridge, and the cartridge lowered into the hole by means of the brake on the windlass. A jerk on the rope snaps the twig, and bringing the rope up with the geared crank is a matter of seconds. Lowering the cartridges by this meth od gives a constant check on the rate at which the powder rises in the hole. If a cartridge becumes lodged before getting to the bottom, a 40-pound dolly can be knotted to the end of the rope, lowered by meal..- of the brake, and after the stick is dislodged can be raised with the v-inch lever arm detachable crank at the other end of the windlass drum. The windlass saves wear on hands or gioves and the loss of time spent in untangling snarls or knots in the rope. It aiso saves considerable muscular effort when large quantities of explosives are loaded. DECEMBER. 1035 Chat wa- left of one buildine in Helena, Montana, after the earthquake. Modern structures and those built on rock -uffered comparatively little damage. Earthquakes Rock Many Sections of U. S. A. ECENT earth tremors which another presumably modern school were R shook many parts of the United States have aroused new interest reported as badly damaged. The residential west side of the city in earthquake insurance. Seven deeastchasped with nothing more serious than and property damage estimated at $3,- damaged chimney tops. In this section 300,000 resulted from the 700 tremors the earth formation is different from the which shook the dtv of Helena, Mon rest of the city, many of the cellars be tana. during the month of October. ing blasted out of bed rock. On the Residents of the eastern states, who east side where the soil is alluvial, the had long regarded earthquakes as some damage was much more extensive. This thing that happened elsewhere, were experience coincides with that of other shaken out of their complacence by two countries where severe earthquakes are distinct shocks. The disturbance, which much more frequent. started in the Great Lakes region, was Compared with many other countries, felt in parts of Michigan. Ohio. Pennsyl the United States has had little exper vania, New York, and the New England ience with devastating earthquakes. The states, and in the Province of Ontario. earthquake which laid in ruins a large N'o serious casualties were reported, al part of Charleston, South Carolina, in though one house in Syracuse collapsed 1886 was scarcely more destructive than and the residents of several shaken the man-made scourge of war which the buildings in Brooklyn were ordered not city had already experienced. to return to their homes. The earthquake and fire which de One elderly lady in Helena, frightened stroyed San Francisco in April 18. 1906, by a siisht tremor three days before the was by far the most serious disaster of severe shock of October 11, called upon this kind which has yet occurred in the an agent and took out earthquake in United States. Several quakes had oc surance. Her home was destroyed by curred on the Pacific Coast before this the quake of October 18, Following the time and others have occurred since but quake of October 11. several enterpris the San Francisco disaster has obscured ing agents advertised earthquake insur ail the others. Its casualty list included ance and sold several policies. 452 killed and 1,300 injured, and the With the exception of schools, the property loss amounted to >550.000,000. modern buildings in Helena escaped with The greater part of the damage resulted only minor damage, such as plaster from the fire which followed the quake. cracks and bricks oh cornices. A new But even this loss of life seems small high school, occupied only this fall, and in comparison with the earthquakes which have visited other countries. While earthquakes had occurred from the earliest times, the first one to attract the attention of the western world was the Lisbon earthquake of 1753 when the earthquake and a tidal wave resulted in the loss of nearly 50.000 lives. Italy has suffered several disastrous quakes, the most serious in recent years occurring in December 1908 when 76.000 persons were killed and 95,000 were injured in .'icily and Calabria. But for really destructive earthquakes, no part of the world can equal the Orient. In December. 1920, an area of some 400 square miles in the province of Kansu, China, was shaken, with a loss estimated at 200.000 lives. On September 1, 1923, occurred the most terrible earthquake of this centurv in japan, a country where earth tremors seem to be endemic. Large sections of the densely populated cities of Tokyo and Yokahama were destroyed with appalling loss of life. The dead totaled 99.331, the injured. 102.000. while 43,000 were reported missing. But even in those countries where the earth's convulsions cause the greatest destruction, hurricanes and floods offer strong competition in destructiveness. In the United States, based on the exper ience of the past fifty years, earthquake? would be placed far down the list. Were it not for the spectacular nature of an earthquake, its casualties would not be segregated from the miscellaneous column in a total of 100,000 violent deaths. Distribution of "We Drivers" Passes 1,500,000 "We Drivers A a General Motors book let dedicated to safe and sane driving, has gone into its third edition as a resuit of requests for more than 1,500,000 copies since it first came off the pres? in May. Requests have been received from all quarters, ranging all the way from the individual asking for one copy to a state government desiring 200,000 copies for distribution to all registered motor ists. "We Drivers'1 started as a series of talks in connection with the broadcasting of General Motors Concerts last winter. The interest shown by radio listeners prompted the adaptation and publica tion of the talks in booklet form. Enter tainingly written and illustrated, the booklet covers a wide variety of subjects related to safe driving. Industrial Health A Non-Technicai Symposium for Physicians and Laymen 33 What Periodical Examinations Can Accomplish By HART E. FISHER, M.D., F.A.C.S. t hist Sanirnit, tiluniijo ttutwi rntnsir t.ompttny.` Vict-f'resuient tur -Suitomii Safety (.`Hindi ERIODICAL medical examina ing the individual to remain at his occu P tions of employee groups are of no value to either the employer pation. In our examinations we secure the or the employee unless competently pheeright of the employee to correlate other formed and followed up to see that the physical findings against weight classi employee institutes corrective measures. fications and to insure that the employee Some of the values accruing from will be of sufficient height to permit periodical medical examinations at regu safe and efficient performance. Too lar intervals are: much weight predisposes to disease and L Fitting the employee mto work that he can safely and efficiently perform. Reducing the annual labor turnover. ushers in fatigue in work performance. Those underweight are prone to similar ailments. 5, increasing the longevity of the empiovee. 4. Reducing absenteeism. v Aiding employee in health maintenance and reducing the cost of medical expense sn event of illness or injury. 6. Eliminating fraudulent claims for personal The hand dynamometer is used to de termine if the individual is in normal possession of muscular power in his hands and arms. .Muscular weakness many times is one of the early symptoms injury due to undetected physical defects. Reducing the accident frequency and severi ty rate. 8. Reducing the death rate from natural causes. of nervous disorder. Full control of one's fingers and hands is of paramount importance for safety in industry, as these are the members most frequently 9. Aiding in the detection of the accident injured. prone man. 10. Reducing the possibility of delayed con valescence from injury due to complica Tests for Vision tions following accidents. II. Making possible, by conservation of health, an older average age of employees. In the transportation industry, the perfect interpretation of colors is of 12. Aiding in maintaining the employee for a longer period of time with the companv. 13. Assuring the travelling public that those employees responsible for their safe con duct daily are safe and efficient. This great importance, since the two colors most frequently confused, red and green, are the two that are used in train opera tion. We make use of five different color makes for good public relations. tests in our color perception examination These examinations are given to all in order to prevent fraud and to avoid employees seeking promotion or transfer doing an injustice to the employee. to some other position within the com Presence in an employee of a color de pany. and to all employees who have fect that was not present at previous been absent from work for one week or examination is an early symptom of more. disease of an infectious nature and of Contrary to theoretical statements, constitutional disease. It has also been very few persons lose their positions be our first clue to severe interocular disease cause of these examinations. True. many and nervous and brain iesions. How defects may be revealed, but their nature ever, the greatest percentage of cases of Is such that they can be corrected, allow color blindness is congenital in origin. I he Jennings test provides us with a permanent visual record of the color per ception of the employee and is of use in subsequent examinations. The Williams l est Lantern which we use is a very pop ular and effective color lantern used by surgeons of railway and marine service for the detection of color blindness. This lantern provides the examiner with means of simulating all atmospheric --r i iimatic conditions and making the test tor all colors under any conceivable con dition, > Jther lanterns of equal value are the Green Color Lamp and Thom son's lamp. The other color tests used bv us are the Holmgren worsted skeins, Thompson color irk and the Lshihara charts, all of which the employee is re quired to pass without doubt or hesi tancy if he is to operate safely in trans portation. The testing of the visual fields is one *f the most important steps in eye ex amination and is very seldom included except where symptoms direct the atten tion of the oculist to possibility of pa thology. ft is very seldom done with the idea of detecting the accident prone person. In our examination we want to know if the person can see out of the angle or corner of his eyes and if there are any so-called blind spots that might interfere with sight. The pe rimeter that is used in our examinations, while of an obsolete type, still is quickly applicable for testing the fields and re quires no elaborate technique. Some persons have what is called monocular or one-eyed sight when they should have binocular vision. Those thus afflicted fail to see objects in the three dimensions and lack what is known as depth perception, They are unable to estimate distance, speed or space. We have been experimenting with the Key stone Telebinocuiar which is a simple scientific apparatus as a diagnostic and depth perception test. From this ap paratus we obtained the visual efficiency of each eye separately and combined efficiency of both eyes. Relaxed binocu lar vision and dynamic binocular vision is likewise determined. Stereopsis or stereoscopic vision is tested. Hetero- DECEMBER. 1935 .H phoria. which is a lack of parallelism between the visual lines due to insuffi ciency of the ocular muscles and other ocular diagnostic facts is quickly deter mined with this apparatus. Acuity of Hearing To test acuity of hearing requires more accurate and scientific methods than are used in most industrial physical examinations today. The expensive in struments of precision and scientific character include the Politzer acuometer. Gallon s Whistle and others, the find ings of which are a true indication of acuity of hearing. The audiometer pro vides p visible and accurate record of an individual's state of hearing, The cost of such may seem prohibitive in indus try but the best is the cheapest in the long run. it is essentia! also that we carefully examine the eyes with the ophthalmo scope. With this diagnostic aid we are able to discover ocular defects, signs of disease such as nephritis (kidney disease) and many times changes inci dent to high arterial blood pressure and constitutional disease. The pupillary re flexes are next elicited and the move ments of the eye globe are secured by having the individual follow a light with his eyes, Next careful inspection is made of the cornea of the eye to detect opaci ties or scars that might obstruct proper vision. Inspection is made of the nasal pas sages for evidence of infection or disease. Next the mouth, teeth, tongue and throat are inspected for pathology which un detected may cause discomfort and dis tract the attention of the person from his work. The cervical (neck) glands and the thyroid are palpated for signs of en largement indicating infection and goiter. The external ear is next examined for obstructions 'cerumen) and the con dition of the drums. The temperature of the person is taken at this point, as often we have found applicants and old employees who were apparently well but who were carrying one or more degrees above normal. This increase of tempera ture has led to the discovery of undetect ed and unknown respiratory diseases. These last procedures are used in ferret ing out signs of incipient disease and de fects that iater in the employee's service may be productive of accident proneness or absenteeism from work. Freedom from heart disease gives assurance that under long sustained effort the heart will be able to cam- on in safety and there will be less oppor tunity for man failure from dizziness, sudden attacks of weakness and even temporary spells of unconsciousness which often are caused by heart disease. The presence of heart defects does not indicate that the employee shall be made idle or an invalid because of what is dis covered but that sensible work place ment and frequent medical observation will permit many of these persons to carry on successfully and without hazard other forms of activity for many years. To insure both employee and employer against injustice in heart examinations it is necessary to include what is known as cardiographic records. These tests will often give the real picture of a heart when the ordinary examination with stethoscope faii to reveal the true condi tion. In addition they afford a perma nent visible record of the heart, avail able for future comparisons. There is no more controversial condi tion in medicine today than the physical defect known as high blood pressure. The arterial pressure is secured by means of a manual operated blood pressure apparatus and a visible record made on the self recording Sphygmomanometer. It serves as a visual record for the future. When heart pathology is present by clinical and cardiograph findings, X-Ray examination of the heart is likewise in dicated. Respiratory Disease The employee should be free of res piratory disease. Measurements are made of the chest in inspiration and ex piration. and the capacity of the lungs as well as vital capacity is determined by the spirometer. Vital capacity, aiso termed breathing capacity and differen tial capacity, is the maximal volume of air than can be expired after taking the maximal inspiration. It is not identical with lung capacity because a certain amount of air termed residual air always remains in the lungs. The ratio of vital capacity to the weight of a person is termed the vital index and is held to be of extreme significance because it ex presses the balance between bodily size and the rate and completeness with which oxidation of the blood is. or may be. effected. The capacity is measured in both cubic inches and cubic deci meters. We next examine the individual from a neurological viewpoint by taking the patellar or knee reflexes, looking for tremors of the fingers and testing the muscular coordination by bringing the fingers of the outstretched arms together above the head while the eyes are closed. The Rhomberg test is used for the de tection of swaying motion while the in dividual stands erect, heels together and the eyes dosed. These tests aid in the detection of incipient nervous disorders. Both the upper and lower extremities are examined for freedom of motion of the various joints. The mobility of the spine is tested by having the patient flex, extend and rotate his body through all planes. Defects in the foot structure, such as flat feet, weak muscles and fallen arches, are detected by having the person rise upon the toes, sustaining this position for twenty seconds. The patient's gait is observed by hav ing him walk a straight line on the floor. By this test alone we have detected eariy evidence of nervous and cord disease. In the next step of our routine physi cal examination, the employee is placed on his back while the abdomen is palpated and percussed to ascertain the position, size, shape and consistency of the various organs such as the liver, spleen, kidneys, stomach and intestinal tract. Search is made of the abdominal and inguinal (groin) region for evidence of hernia (rupture). The genital tract is likewise inspected for scars and evi dence of disease. We now come to one of the most im portant parts of our examination, one that is sadly neglected today, especially in industry -- the examination of the anal region and the interior of the ru.ura. The cases are legion wherein the examination of the rectum has re vealed the presence of malignant growths (cancer), enlarged prostate giands, painful fissures, ulcers, fistulae and hemorrhoids (piles). These condi tions undetected not only produce an upset in the nervous stability of the person but if neglected may become in curable and even result in death. After careful study of existing meth ods of determining reaction time, we have been led to the use of the Chicago Psvchodometer Reaction Time Appa ratus. This is designed to measure In siema or milliseconds >1 1000 of i secondi the length of time it takes a human being to respond to a stimulus. Physical examinations must include urine analysis, blood examination. XRav interpretation tests of the fluids and excretions of the body and metabolism tests. The person who appears below par after the above tests without a definite diagnosis requires further study through the laboratory for sputum tests, gastro intestinal series and Washermans. NATIONAL SAFETY NEW? MERCURY Industrial Data Sheet D-Chem. 17 55 A. Problem 1. What are the hazards of mercury and what precautions are necessary in its use? B. Hazards 2, The principai hazards are those of poisoning by: A. Inhalation of toxic vapori ana dims. B. Absorption of mercury through the skin, C. v*allowing of mercurv with food or other substances taken into the mouth. C. Discussion ,5, Mercurv is a silvery liquid metal which gives off a slight vapor at ordin ary temperatures. It is obtained from cinnebar ore by a combined roasting and distillation process. A cubic inch weighs 0.49 pound. It does not evapor ate when kept under water. It is used in the treatment of gold or silver yield ing ores: manufacture of barometers, thermometers, and other scientific in struments: alloys with tin and copper; lead mercury -older; amalgamation of zinc for accumulators and electrodes: dental amalgams: preparation of fulmin ate of mercury 'an explosive); manu facture of Vermillion and anti-fouling paints; in the preparation tcarrotting) of furs for felt hats: pharmaceutic pro ducts: antiseptic dyes; laboratories for measurement of pressures and for other scientific purposes: and in the manu facture and use of mercury' pumps, mer cury boilers and mercury- arc rectifiers. Symptoms 4. The cause of mercurial poisoning is the absorption and retention of a small amount of the metal in the body. A great majority of the cases are those due to the inhalation of the vapors. The absorption of 0.001 gram of mercury- a day over an extended period is said to result in poisoning. This figure i> highly variable because of the differences of susceptibility in Individuals to the poison and even in (he same individual because of varying physical conditions. Habits of excess, especially in the use of alcoho* and tobacco, seem to increase the sus ceptibility of individuals and to increase the severity of the symptoms. The proc ess by which mercury becomes harm ful is not definitely known, hut some authorities claim mercury combines with the tissue cells to form mercury album inate, which is soluble in water and is absorbed in that form. Mercury when applied to the skin is more readily ab sorbed if the person is perspiring or if the mercury is impure and dirty. When combined with grease, the mercury is easily absorbed by the skin and 0.65 grams rubbed into the skin daily will produce mercurialism. The beginning of the symptoms, as well as the type, depend upon the rate of absorption and elimination of the metal. 5, If the worker is exposed to large quantities of mercury, the poisoning is acute. In such cases, the first symptoms are usually foul breath and an increase in the flow of saliva. Later the mouth may become inflamed and the gums sore, and ulceration of the mouth and gums may follow. This condition may be followed by an infection, and in the advanced stages, teeth may be lost and gangrene of the jaw may occur. After absorption, the poison seems to act chiefly upon the large intestine and the kidneys. Sometimes within two or three days, the urine may contain albumin and become scanty in volume: the result may be death without convulsions in about a week. If the kidneys have not been too severely injured, membranous colitis may set in with dysentery- and hemor rhages. In some cases death does not occur for weeks. In severe cases the blood pressure may fall and there may be a feeble puise. coma and collapse prior to death or. in some cases, the patient may remain conscious to the end. 6, Chronic poisoning is due to the ab sorption of mercury- over an extended period. bince. in such cases, but a small amount of mercury may be absorbed by inhalation of fumes, by contact with (he skin, or by swallowing with food or other substances placed in the mouth), the start of the symptoms is Clow. At first there may be rash or eruption on the skin, or a loss 'if appetite with nausea and intestinal trouble -neb as constipation or diarrhea, followed by loss of weight, anemia and pain* in the nones and joints. 7, For years the only signs of poison ing may be a general development of anemia, a tendency to inflammation of the mouth with tenderness and -pongy appearance of the gums, and flabby, silvery tongue with indented edges, and an occasional increase in the secretion of the saliva, and more or less gastric trouble accompanied by diarrhea. A bluish line on the gums, closely re sembling that due to lead absorption, is een occasionally. The worker may suffer from headache and have tempor ary pains or feeling of numbness in the limbs. The mental condition may under go a change and the worker may become irritable or depressed and timid. Later, bodily tremors may develop. These are the most characteristic sign of chronic mercurial poisoning and usually begin with convulsive movements during the worker's sleep, which disturb his rest. They may start in the face, then extend to the hands, limbs, and finally become so convulsive as to involve the whole body to such an extent that the hand cannot be directed with certainty to a particular object. The speech may be slow and indistinct because of impair ment of the muscles of articulation. Chronic mercurial poisoning does not often directly cause death. It appears to lower the body vitality to a marked degree which may result in death from phthisis (tuberculosis of the lungs). 8. Most patients suffering from chronic mercurial poisoning recover if they are removed during the early stages when there is inflammation of the mouth or even after the development of the tre mors. Under these circumstances, re covery usually takes place within a few weeks provided the patient is kept re moved from exposure to mercury. How ever, if the tremors have been severe and persistent, recovery may require months, Treatment >, In case mercurial poisoning by in halation or by absorption through the skin is known or suspected, the person should be removed from all possible con tact with mercurv and means should be taken to stimulate the elimination through the kidneys, and bowels by such methods as the administration of plenty of water. In case mercury has been swallowed. Some recommend the prompt administration of an emetic such as warm water and mustard to induce DECEMBER. 1935 36 vomiting, in ail cases, the services of Safety Glass Is Used in Alla physician should be promptly secured Prevention of Poisoning 10. The following measures are some of those recommended: A. Working place* should be ventilated, prcterablv by mechanical means, so that there is always an abundant supply of fresh air. < See Note l B. All Justs and wputs mould be icmoved ,it the point of origin by an efficient local exhaust vt, stem. ? See Note X i C For emergency work, ouh as after the breaking -A metcurv euuipment. a gas mask A-*th raoKtct approved by the United States Bureau of Mines tor use m metcurv '. .spurs, should be \v*rn. D Floors arid vdls >r 'A.-rkrooms and locker rooms Miouid be tree from cj'jcks and should be of nomabsorbmg ma* (trials. :uch a* hard, ;muoth finished cement, vTood should nut be used tor this purpose. H. Floors should be washed each night with water containing ammonia to neutralize (he effects of mercury vapors. F. Every precaution should be taken to pre vent spillage of metcurv. In case mercury 0 spilled, the floor hould be hooded with water and the mercury cleaned up at once, G Drv sweeping or brushing of floors should be prohibited. Instead, the floors huuid be well sprinkled with water and the refuse swept up and disposed of m 1 designated place. H. The amount of mercury m use at one tune should be kept down to a minimum and the temperature of the liquid should be kept as low as practicable. I. Mercury should be stored only m tight flasks or under water in suitable tanks. J. Food should not be kept nor eaten near mercury nor in tire work-room. K. All employees should be provided with separate lockers and adequate washing facilities. Each man's work clothes should be kept in one locker and his street clothes m another. The two sets of cloth ing should never be permitted to come m contact with each other. (See Mote Y) L. Employees working with mercury should be given a complete physical examination tiverv two or three months. AH appli cants for employment should be given a physical examination bv the company physician, t See Mote Zi M. Employees should be required to observe the following: iai wash hands carefully before eating or handling anything that will be placed m the mouth, fb) Clean teeth twice a day with a sub stantial tooth brush, i c) Rinse mouth before partaking of food or water. cd) Keep hair short and covered, te) Take a hot shower or bath, using plenty of soap, at the end of each day's work. if) Make a complete change of cloth ing before and at the end of each day's work. Ig) If feeling ill, consult company phy sician at once. 1936 Automobiles VERY American make of car is now Massachusetts, with its law effective E equipped with safety glass wind January, 1934. was the first state to shields. and 9<j per cent of the makespecify safety glass for passenger auto use safety glass all around, according tomobiles. and Michigan's law was extend a survey of the new 1036 models taken ed to them six months later. in connection with the recent automo In addition to the legislation, the con bile show in New York. The Pittsburgh certed campaign to reduce the stagger Plate (Mass Company, which made the ing total of automobile accidents has survey, points out that a year ago, when stimulated public demand tor the securi the 1955 models were introduced, only ty ottered by safety glass. AO per cent used safety glass for wind shields. and 50 per cent all around. Twenty-five states, which include 75 per cent of the country's automobile registrations, have now enacted laws re quiring the use of safety glass in publicmotor vehicles, passenger automobiles, or both. Such legislation became effec tive in 13 states this vc-ar and will be effective in ten more on January 1, 1636, one more on January 1. 19,37. Of the 25 states, ail require safety glass wind shields. 24 require it all around, for public motor vehicles, while 2.3 specify its use for windshields. 21 ail around, for passenger automobiles. Oddiv enough, the nation's capitol was a pioneer in the movement but has since been outdistanced by the various states enacting safety glass legislation. The District of Columbia's Saw. which took effect, in January, 1933, applied only to motor buses and has not been extended to other vehicles. The first state to require safety glass was Michigan, where the law. specify ing its use ail around on public motor vehicles, took effect July, 1932. Tennes see followed the example a year later. The -ctte laws apply "tfiv auto mobiles manufactured after they take effect, but many owners whose cars pre dated such laws are installing the safety glazing to replace their present wind shields and windows. Increased pro duction to meet growing demand has brought the price down very -onsiderahly. It is its laminated, sandwich-like con struction which gives safety glass its protective features. A filler of trans parent plastic material binds two sheets of clear plate giass in such a way that, when a severe load ur sudden blow causes the giass to crack, the particles adhere to the plastic instead of flying loose. The use of adhesives, heat and pressure in the manufacturing processes and ex tremely careful control of ail factors are involved in the assembly of laminated safety giass to assure both clear vision and protection against shattering. Under slowly applied load, laminated safety giass will range from 10 per cent to 15 per cent stronger than normal glass, and under impact it will sustain from eight to ten times greater strain. A piece of lamin ated plate glass one-quarter inch thick will crack but not break out under an Note W- Detailed intormation on efficient ventilating systems ill be found in National Safety Council Safe Practices Pamphlet No. I". industrial Ventilation." Note X. Complete information on exhaust wstems will be found in National Safety Coun cil Safe Practices Pamphlet No. "'2, Exhaust Systems." Note V: Detailed information on iocker rootns will be found in National Safety Countii Safe Practices Pamphlet So. j', Drinking Water, tJTash and Locker Rooms, and Toilet facilities.'' Note Z: For detailed information on physi cal examinations, see National Safety Council impact which will shatter an inch-thick piece of piate giass. Like many important developments of science, discovery of the basic prin ciple of safety glass was the result of m accident. This occurred early in the century when a French scientist named Benedictus. dropped a bottle which was thoroughly cracked but which hung to gether. because of the plastic nature of the solution it contained. From this point, development of safety giass pro gressed, slowly at first, because of the Health Practices Pamphlet Nro. 2, Physical difficulty until recently of securing suit Examinations in Industry." able plastics. But, within the past few National Safety Council, Inc. 20 North Wacker Drive Chicago, Illinois years, its perfection has been achieved as one of the most notable contributions to safety. N VriOXAL SAFETY YEWS Mercurochrome IN INDUSTRY little thingOs count. SligO ht mistakes may v mean ser- ious loss. So with industrial injuries a little scratch if ignored may become a serious infection. *IThe first defense against infection is thorough cleans- ing and the application of an effective antiseptic. All wounds, however small, should receive treat ment promptly. Be prepared with Mercurochrome for the first aid care of all minor injuries. In more serious cases call a physician. This seal denotes acceptance of Mercurochrome for New and Nonofficial Remedies bv the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association. HYNSON, WESTCOTT & DUNNING, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland DECEMBER. 1935 38 group of American Standard codes, but ASA Safety Codes said that they would use the ASA ap proved recommendations for such pro jects -houid the need arise. Many in Are Widely Used dustrial commissioners explained that their codes antedated the American 3randard documents, but these would be used for making revisions of their exist HREE-l-Ol'RTHS of the States safety code work of the AsA was begun Twhich have industrial safety code laws or regulations to safeguard about hi teen years ago. Today, there are some fifty commit workers use one or more of the 34 Amteesr working on industrial and public ing regulations. Although not included in the question naire, the American Standard Code for Colors for Traffic Signals, cine of the ican standard industrial safety codes, a safety codes, under the ASA Safety first public safety codes approved by the survey just made by the American stan i 'ode Correlating Committee, which has ASA, is one. of the most far - reaching dards Association shows. for its chairman C. E, Peuibone. vice- regulations in the United States. The Of these 34 codes, the National Safety president. American Mutual Liability administration of this code is also a Council is represented on 2v and is Insurance Company. municipal function, in addition to being sponsor for eight of these projects. The The survey showed that official state under the jurisdiction of state authori Council is also represented on a number interest in industrial safety ranges from ties in certain states. of industrial and public safety code pro 'very' slight" in non-industrial states, to jects now under way under ASA pro "keen" in those states where mechanized cedure. manufacturing has cost huge tolls of life, Guides for inspectors Questionnaires returned by state regu latory' officials of 46 states of the Union disclosed that 34 states have industrial limb, and expense through neglect and carelessness. Many of the states have well organized and thorough-going in Maryland leads in the use of Ameri can Standard industrial safety codes. All American Standard Codes are the safety regulations, and of these 27 have spection departments. Other states offer legal minimum requirements in the state adopted some of the American Standard advice to manufacturers and other em of Maryland. The 26 state industrial industrial safety codes "as is," or "as ployers, but have no legislation to en regulations covered by the American a basis" for their own rules. Eleven of force industrial safety codes generally. Standard codes have been adopted with these 27 states have adopted American Standard codes without change, and fifteen states are using these ASA ap proved codes as a basis for their regula tions. Eight of these 27 states have both used American Standard codes "as is" and have used others in developing their codes on other subjects. Seventeen states reported that they are using Amer ican Standard codes "as a reference." Two states failed to answer. Many states, including the above, have safety codes on subjects other than those covered by the 34 American Standard codes. The Boiler Code of the American Society of Mechanical Engi neers, for example, is used in 21 states and 19 cities. All but three of the 34 American Standard safety codes have been written into the law of one or more of the 34 states, the survey shows. These are in the coal-mining safety field, where an aggressive safety program has been de veloped by the Bureau ot Mines, Depart ment of the Interior. Early in the history of the American standards Association, the safety code work became an integral part of its pro gram. Under the ASA procedure all groups which have a substantial interest Authorities in the field of accident prevention agree that writing a safety code' is only the first step toward saving life, limb, and property. A code, to be worth the paper it is printed on, must be used as a medium for educating work ers to be careful. Safety devices, such as guards for gears, punch presses, abrasive wheels, and other equipment, show the employee that management is interested in his safety. The worker must learn that these devices aione will not prevent injury. In developing and revising American standard industrial safety codes. 137 state regulatory officials and ill repre sentatives of Federal departments and bureaus serve on the 34 ASA commit tees. Ten state officials and 11 Federal safety experts are members of the ASA Safety Code Correlating Committee mentioned above, Sound Requirements This dose cooperation on this work by state and government officials is one of the reasons why American Standard codes have been used so widely as a basis for state regulations. These codes, written by these public officials, manu out change. The state has other codes not among the ASA group, however. Several states wuich have no formal safety regulations reported that ASA codes are used by their inspectors who base their recommendations to manu facturing plants on these codes. The Safety Code for the Use, Care, and Protection of Abrasive Wheels leads the list of the 34 ASA approved indus trial safety codes in use in the United States. Fifteen states have adopted the American Standard Abrasive Wheel Code "as is" or have used it in writing their own regulations. Five other states have written their codes independently, but three of these states will use the ASA approved code in revising their regulations on this subject, it was re ported. Eleven commonwealths are using the National Electrical Code as a part of their state regulations. However, several thousand municipalities and other juris dictions are using this code in their building regulations in every part of the country. Its revision will probably have a distribution of more than i 50,000. making it the most widely used of any ASA code. in a given project are invited to name facturers. and users of machinery, repre The effectiveness of ASA procedure representatives to serve on committees, sent the soundest possible requirements in developing industrial safety codes is and the Association s policy has always on subjects covered. shown by the general use of these codes been to secure as wide a ranee of repre Several state officials pointed out that by insurance engineers in every state in sentative interests is possible. The their codes did not cover subjects of the the Union. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 39 National Safety Council, Inc., 20 N. Wacker, Chicago DECEMBER. 1935 40 The Bulletin Board A page for those who maintain the Show Windows of Safety " ...... " 1 11 TM 11 " " ""l* Conducted by STAN KERSHAW ................. .. ........... Beyond the Plant Gates chances while on the job when the boss T NHE day's work is done, there's OW is a good time to take sudden activity in the locker room, inventory of the past year's a ringing ui time docks and the diminish bulletin board work, to plan not to ing sound of foot steps as those have toiled return to their firesides. who repeat successful failures and experiences coming year. to multiply the during the isn't around. Real success in safety comes only when a fellow's mind so absorbs the spirit of the idea that he develops a hunger for knowledge that will aid him in Iris efforts to guard against injury to How many of these toilers leave their Give thought to the location himseif and others. jobs when the whistle blows, feeling a of the boards. Are they in the The safety bulletin board can be made sense of freedom from the pressure of most effective positions? What is a powerful factor in bringing about this the rules and regulations under which their condition? Do they need state of mind but its successful use de they work? How many leave with the feeling that the days safety work is done, and now they can return to their homes, free to do as they please, free to get behind the wheel of the t'amiiy auto and enjoy the thrill of top speed cleaning or painting? Look to your supply of posters. Do you have a sufficient quantity and variety to enable you to make suitable selections for special occa sions? Are they filed away in such a manner that you can find the pends upon the ability of its caretaker to arouse the personal interest and ad miration of everyone who pauses to look and read, to use posters and bulletins that make safety a personal matter, that help to avoid the stigma that comes driving, free to drag out the old broken ones you want when you want when there is too much paternalism on down step ladder to paint the kitchen them? the one hand or too much discipline on ceding, free to get along without goggles You will find the classified index the other, and that reach way iteyond while using a cold chisel to fix the cement floor in the basement, free to climb a on this page a valuable aid in ordering posters on specific sub- { the limits of the daily tasks. tree and saw off limbs without the pro tection of a safety belt--in short, free jects. From the Scrap Book to take all the thousand and one chances Human nature is no different when that are either prohibited or frowned working in the factory than when walk upon by the company? What then is wrong with industrial ing on the street or sitting in the home. Is this perhaps one of the reasons why safety work that it permits men to leave Let the bulletin board publicity teem so many more accidents occur away the gates with a care-free feeling? If a with the same vital appeals which turn from work than on the job? Xo doubt man goes home in that frame of mind, business publicity into sales profit dol the answer is "many of them do." it is certain that he is just as apt to take lars. Subject Cleaning, oiling. adjusting, and feeding machinery Clothma PixoiosiouB, electricity. heat, etc, Evt* ind a< urofection Failing: obrecta Falls of worker* Fire prevention First aid Guards Hand tools Handling r.hjects Harmful substances Health Hoisting and convevine Horseplay and distracted attention Housekeeping Infections Machinery--general Safety shoes Stepping on, or striking against objects (including nails) 2935 Issues of the National Safety News in which Posters Are Illustrated July August j September ( Gctober November Lec=mber Lj 23 :>53<i- 3151 | JG32 lsss 5533 4x62 Cli. io 7169. 5105 . .. . ... 5511-B. 47 to. 4`)T. pi'? ji-y. badO \ oi03. 5332 j -'.lid. 5512. ',`i > ....! .... -33 v -UvO J __ ^39 1?2 i 4T5. oOoTj 4fus ... ......... j 72U. 4sa6 A*41 4, 3"L:)| Cya f Hsv 3is5. i mm, -vt-il 4 431, Ua4 456 j Asya ia30 .5030. >020 3 010 374a 56*0, 4487 ;(? 0 4 h, 4 5 5 3042 179 20J4-B :>ns H70 4533. A&22. 7115 5175. 4734. 74yx< 5135. 5516 r.ao. 130 S Mix 5504 14616. i Vj, -'-705 4755. 5537 I47x5 775. 441? ! M38 4513. 5524 1 431 514 `203 ? * *>| '--[.To j H 47 10 1 5513 201 4-B. >t>o t`.2s A i;; [ { 4794-B >.'>5 ' if S3 i 4224-B v.4 ! ., '.5r6.B 4301 4437 4a55 221. "595 4suu 3003-B. 4301 `461 >599 4. * ft 4 -jib 4833 4694 44S6-B. 5fi35 4571 7646. U10 Tins M92, 2850 '5.47 7 t>\ - B 30.19, 4389 2 f> H >232 7276 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS One Accident One It might be your last h T I O A i. cownc Ones ree lYorit let an accident take u you away from them -- L7 O N A * '> A { C T' V .r, O W N C t Areyou gelling yo^JI L^-Ahe^rc 1 =* A T I Q N A L i A f t r' MJlfjliHI NATIONS \tdl\ ^Kidnapers Hi TOOK 101.000 LIVES IASI YEAR k T I O N A SAPtT-V COUNCIL NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCt QVe're in the SAFETY.CONTENT of Uic NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL | urn ccmpettiQ with others in the same business and a mod record um give us a national reputation far safety | ,.tl, ! ( Whether or not we win depends on ' NATIONAL Ery c ou *' A \ i' '.\y. \ | ** Don't add to \ \ 1 ' >our troubles , \ \ | / by taking \ t i / chancer " . \\ \ i / "SAFELY- NATIONAL % A EY v O V NCi ft MINUTE I -V sAVte at the rr`-'~k -i |%, 5An ACOOtNT HO BARGAIN Jill you have done to bring about a tetter understand ing of sdfetfj . our company is sincerely appreciate -fjtt** LETS IEAKE 1936 An ACCIDEHT-FREE MEAR i o n a t r a t t jjjjggg \\ h HE TOO THOUGHT- he could fake a chance and jjjet awai| with national s a f c r r council t*t Y* **;: - **>*HrA* A, H*( - device has . ijet been . invented' V to take the place of thfc oneJust, above the ears . . :_______ ___ ________ ___ J NATIONAL } A F T r COUNCIL NATIONAL SANITY COUNCIL nieLINEi*4 Center! Is your, s LIFELINE Slau (Hue REPING /ON YOU* OWN SIDE NATION*,, S A F S T Y FOt/NCti His Mamma Lives OverThere* \ ' ON ^'Tl m T?'it T*y to Hum < LEG 1H A I IP ' ATTEMPT TO THROW' RAIL WITH URIO A*tM" .....mmmm*1m"/ NATIONAL TO JtlAI WITH BANDAGED EVK , ' HUB iit K lfi)hose life and limbs are you protecting when you work safely _____ v_____ A e ? r :. <s u n c i '* I PEOPLE WITH HORSENSE DO NOT INDULGE IN HORSPLAY N A % I 3 N A S COUNCIL GOOD SAFETY 3I i -motor exhaust m- ET MAY 6ETIHTO A CLOSED TRUCK CAB \ :1 \A CLOSED AUTOMOBILE IT IS DEADLY IN CLOSED GARAGES WITH MOTORS RUNNING- W T KILL IT WITH FRESH AiR BEFORE IT KILLS YOU... NATION* e. 5 A F t T T 0 <D U N O I C TO PREVENT SKINNED KNUCKLES WATCH WHAT YOU'RE DOING >5 WHEN LT O N A C S A f B T V COUNCIL !HIRE'S HOW THE ANGIE OF A SUNG ALTERS IT'S SAFE CARRYING CAPACITY ii "I '-SO IOOO lbs 707 lbs .15' NATION" <5 U N C I t COLDS CAN BE PREVENTED AVOID OVEREATING LOSS OF SLEEP CONSTIPATION ATIONAL. SAFfTV ; tf U N C I IF YOU MUST SNEEZE SNEEZE IN YOUR HANDKERCHIEF IT'S YOURS. OONT SNEEZE IN THE AIR- / ITS EVERYBODYS // national, i a f t r v -% ;: w ** c- i i, 1 ........................... ( h di) iHiu)AibI)|IUiAhIsU i h | lli Trippers Make Trouble in Every Trade To stop accidents, keep them out of the way and watch your footing NATIONAL, i A F 1 T V Cj. O >J N C- ii aiONAl lu Sil sail ONLYTHL GLOVE THIS TIME MAYBETHF HAND N ENT - it //>' OlOl CS -^Your Choice A healthi| ' * happi|ad ` pl.M^llq OR- disabled, perhaps dependent thru qour own carelessness 7 a 7^ - NATION- f e r t council PREACH jAFEIY then practice what you preach mm THE. RES SATISFACTION IN DOING WORK SAFELY WEAR SAFETY SHOES pppi&s; Hllli Whatever YouLeft fff/zm. GET A % FIRM HOLD A DROPPEDL0AD MAY| BE A KNOCK-OUT DROP FOR YOU YOUR LIFE AND YOUR JOB AREAT STAKE WHEN YOU VIOLATE THE SAFETY RULES U NC IU si * *m SLIPPING. NEVER BRAKE a MACHINES YOUR HAND C- 4sjr- 1 PC, i ,j f'v f CAUSE MANY BAD FALLS YOU KNOW WHY riOn av f * v c. s y n ( l l MATERIALS PILED CARELESSLY ARE NOT SAFE/ NATIONAL ft A f t SAY JIM,/ COME DOWN RIGHT AWAY/-1 WANT YOU TO TAKE JOE'S PLACEHE JUST GOT HURT./ /< ANOTHER ARGUMENT FOR SAFETY ,FCTV COUNCIL An easy way to lose a finger hand or arm-or maybe your Hfe.isto reach intcrfhoving machinery to dean oil or.adjustit.' iALWAYS STOP THE MACHINERY FIRST NATIONAL S A F t T T COUNCIL. A Thought for Today It's Betteri and Easier to Work Safely than to Eacjtlain an Accident` NATIONAL. 5 A F ft T T 'COUNCIL ATI O N A L ipRiii TRY THE BRAKES WHEN YOUR VEHICLE IS FULLY LOADED Brakes which stop a vehicle effectively when it is emp ty may not con trol it when fully loaded f . T V COUNCIL : m houseis DEADLIER THAN ABRONCHO 1 Jk T EQUIPMENT NATIONAL. ftAFf, TT CCUNl r_ SHOTFIREttS TEST FOP: e>0M: BEFORE^-j AMD'- , ' fer NATIONAL `i A. ft ` : OUNClL TM P L YOUR CARE WHEN YOU DOUBLE YOUR iPEED N AT t o N * t jAft rv COUNCIL PPlJlESPiiNSiBlI V NATIONAL 5 *f * TV .. COUNCIL lo YOURSELF A GOOD TURN LT * O N A L t A f v Y '!> UNCI THE MAN WHO'S WISE guards HIS EyES >ON A t S. A F l r y COuNcI TiSTHREE MAIN (AIKES ACCIDENTS fe#IDIDNt *" THINK IDIDNT SEE I DIDNT KNOW NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL BEFORE ENTERING ANY TANK j 3.** fv - " 3e v' ` Ar/ft ft "*'A Ya.f....mj.i.UTt.f*f1U1n*a*11* ".< i*V.Vl!h "' Anotlieronetlurt Here's How Believeme ithurts to Pf gethurt/ NA* I O N . c> u N c i A, fE ALL LOOSE IF WE HAVE A BAD FIRE I LITE i MAY BE A FUNNY PROPOSITION BUT ITS NOT SO TUNNY WREN A FELLOW GETS HUW 3^ V* Yw-' 3i" NATIONAL A f K VV <OU SOME LIVE TO ENJOY OLD AGE while others THINK. A SMALL CUT OR SCRATCH WON'T AMOUNT to ANYTHING NATION*), vAfCTr COUNCIL GROUCHINESS If you ever have a "chip on your shoulder" watch* out that an accident doesn't knock it off and you with it. Air that grouch before it hurts someone. NATIONAL SAFETY ii U N C I L HEADS WIN IN PREVENTING ACCIDENTS NATIONAL SAFETY C O U N C I l SAFE ANGLE LADDER national he!best angle it Twwhhi<ich to place i ladder is that in which the distance B is approximately ',4 of A. In other words, a 12 foot ladder should be placed so that the bottom of it is 3 feet away from the wall or object it is leaning against. safety council SAFETY must keep pace with PRODUCTION Increased Production \ calls for Increased SAFETY NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL ""N V youze guys may be tough 8ABIES-BUT WHAT A UL SCRATCH CAN DO TO YOU IS NOBODYS BUSINESS NATIONAL SATCTY COUNCIL A 'VR; CONSTRUCTION JOB The few minutes used to put up a guard, rail may save a life f ETY C O UNCI F GtyTlOtf + Good SENSE I SArftTy REMEMBER YOU HAVE TO SEE HEAR -m-' FEEL THINK FOR THE VEHICLE YOU DRIVE It has no brains NATIONAL `s A p e r 48 Industry Is More Humane (Continued from page 14) are. of course, aware of the large saving made by industries through this work. When I first came to the RCA at Cam den. our punch press department had a particularly bad record. Over a period of several years there had been numerous disabling injuries, and it looked like a big job to clean up that department. Without any radical changes but with the cooperation of supervision and the men un the job. we were able in one year to organize in -uch a manner that the division, which employs approximately 500 employees, went through an entire year without a lost-time injury. Based on such experience, there is no doubt in my mind of the effectiveness of properlyapplied safety effort. Let me add, how ever, that we have not, yet found a sys tem which will carry on without con tinuous and sincere pressure from the management. Let us now consider more definitely some of the details of safety procedure. I believe, first, that our program should start with the organization of some group whose special duty will be to give consideration to safety problems, i have had experience with so - called safety committees. 1 am so'd on the safety committee idea, and circumstances and type of industry should be considered in determining the committee set - up. In some industries the safety committee is composed entirely of members of the supervisory' staff. This group can be made definitely responsible for carrying out the safey program. In other indus tries. safety committees are composed of both workers and supervisors. In such cases great care must be taken to select workers who are really interested in safety, as you cannot pin any definite responsibility on regular productive em ployees for the safety of others. Another plan which works out very well in large industries is to have the central committee composed of mem bers of the supervisory staff to meet at stated intervals. This group is respon sible for the consideration and carrying out of all safety measures indicated or proposed. Baca of this committee in various sections it is usually effective to have a committee composed of workers as well as the supervisory staff. The local committee can freely discuss and cover all points within the power of the workers and supervision in that division. Those things that are brought out in sectional meetings that are of general interest or cannot be settled at that point would then be carried by the super visor, who is a representative of that department, to the central safety group. I feel that a safety committee is neces sary and useful part of any safety or ganization. The management should make the safety record of each division a major consideration in determining the effec tiveness of supervision. Safety sugges tions should be encouraged from all em ployees and I believe it is advisable that a cash award be marie for usable sugges tions. This evidence of sincerity on your part is sure to encourage widespread in terest in safety work. Careful safety records should be kept of each depart ment. This encourages a spirit of com petition between divisions. This team spirit where the workers and supervision are both working hand in hand is sure to win recognition and should reflect it self in other benefits to your business. It is a good procedure to recognize and publicly give credit to those divisions and supervisors who have outstanding safety records. A competent safety engineer is a good investment and makes the installation of safety procedure in your business a simple job. A well trained safety en gineer can relieve the management of the major part of the problems con nected with your safety work. It is necessary in practically every business that all new processes and every new piece of equipment that are introduced Protect Tear Heme from Tnbereulesis But Christmas seals in the business be carefully examined with an eye to safety before the job is started. This examination of all new processes and equipment become, of course, a regular part of the safety engi neer's work, if you are fortunate enough to have such a specialist. Whether you are able to afford a full time safety engineer or not. a definite routine of safety inspection is indispens able. it is essential that a detail inspec tion be given to all active machinery and equipment at least every three months. On especially hazardous equipment, such as punch presses, an inspection should be made at least once a month. Power transmission equipment such as over head shafting and motors should be in spected every six months. These inspec tions should be carried on by at least two people who are safety conscious and who can be trusted to have a neutral viewpoint when making inspections. These inspections are, of course, in addi tion to the normal, every day operating inspections. General housekeeping is a major item in safety inspections. Do not iet in spections become routine affairs set up merely to convince somebody that some thing is being done. Have the inspectors prepare a report in each case and have the reports reviewed by the various com mittees interested. In this way you get immediate and effective action. Another effective item in our safety campaign is the use uf posters. There is no question that such posters do advertise the safety idea effectively and make many people safety' conscious. Posters, of course, are only part of the program to sell every' man the idea that safety and health are not a management problem alone. Another effective means of bringing safety to the attention of the whole or ganization is to participate in contests. We cooperate with the New Jersey De partment of Labor in the state - wide inter-piant safety contest which it spon sors each year. The enthusiastic re sponse of our industries has proved that this contest is a very effective means of starting concerted action. It has been interesting to note that in backing up the state contest many industries have started contests of their own. The most important consideration in safety work, I believe, is to sell the idea to the man on the job. Make him under stand that his safety and health mean a iot to his employer but they mean far more to him and to his family. When such an idea is sold, you will find every last man in the plant working shoulder to shoulder to back up the work you have instituted. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS ! 49 DECEMBER. 1935 I READY DRAINAGE EASY CLEANING COMFORT UNDER FOOT ECONOMICAL CUTTING ATTRACTIVE APPEARANCE AND OTHER FEATURES FULLY DESCRIBED IN OUR PAMPHLET CARNEGIE-ILLINOIS STEEL CORPORATION PITTStURGH, PENNSYLVANIA CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Pacific Coast Distributor: Columbia Stool Company# San Fransccio 50 The War Against Infection (Continued from page it) age. All of us were struck by the fact that the odor of this train arrived at the station well in advance of the train it self. All those men had been treated at the front for a varying number of days and every last one was infected. A load of misery! Smell? They smelled to Heaven! Just so General Lee's trains of wounded must have smelled as they hobbled back to Virginia through the stifling July heat after Gettysburg. Fifty years had passed and man had learned all sorts of things. Regular surgery was performing liter ally miracles in civil life, but the treat ment of bad wounds received in war or industry was just where it had been at Appomattox. Bone infection once started was chronic, no one knew how to check its vicious progress. All over Europe con ditions were the same, the hospitals were crowded yith infected wounds that no man kuppr pw to cure, f was a young ster aiii raj not expected to know much but I knew just as much as the men whose names were on the front page in civil life. One came to see after a time that the men whom we thought great were only great within a certain limited area. They navigated well when they could see land on all sides. It was not for to go over the horizon looking for new worlds. The man who showed us the way was named Alexis Carrell, a man whose business it was to solve prob lems, who didn't go into panic if the horizon wasn't in sight all the time. He saw something that all of us failed to see; he saw that a new method must be developed to take care of serious injuries such as happened on the battlefield. He went back to the never much esteemed system of antisepsis. One of the first things Carrell did was to condemn all the antiseptics then in sight and develop a new one. We all know about anti septics, or think we do. The sale of germ killers is one of our most lucrative rackets. If the truth were known we have a very small idea what antiseptics are, or what they should be asked to do. I suppose the idea generally held among both the laity and the profession is that an antiseptic is something you pour or paint on a wound to kill bacteria. You expect to do it at one shot as a farmer would kill a hawk. I have heard men who considered themselves competent to write on the control of infections say that as far as they couid see one antiseptic was about like another. This would be true only if they meant that all were equally worthless. When I say "worthless." I don't mean exactly that; Iodine isn't worthless, it may do some good when painted on the skin before operating. It has been so used for years. What I mean is that it is worthless as an aid in carrying out an antiseptic technique be cause when you use an antiseptic in a real had wound you are not first of all concerned with killing germs. First of all you are interested, or should be. in preserving the life of those tissues that have been laid open to the air by the tearing away of the skin. That is the first duty of traumatic surgeons, the first duty of first aid. Help from the Laymen Carrell working with an English chem ist named Dakin developed the solution of chlorine gas and other substances that was called Dakin's solution. Twen ty years ago it seemed to those of us who used it the ideal antiseptic, and I am still of that opinion. An antiseptic in order to meet first aid requirements must have certain definite properties. First of all it must be safe to use, not only safe for a doctor to use but safe for anyone to use, not toxic internally or caustic and corrosive externally. The foundation of first aid should be sim plicity; we don't expect the average layman to do abdominal surgery. But believe me, the efficiency of your first aid program will depend on how much you can enlist the intelligent coopera tion of the men around your plant. We should bear in mind at all times that the application of first aid is for the most part in the hands of laymen. If the accident happens in a factory, first aid is in the hands of the injured man's working companions. I am afraid our pride won't always let us see the help we may expect from this quarter. For the past few years i have been attending the first aid classes that are held each winter for members of our plant. I realize now better than I did before the high quality of these men. They are eager to leam and their faces compare favorably in intelligence to the average first year medical class. If they are properly instructed they are of inestimable aid around a plant, an aid to the doctor, to their fellow workers and to the plant itself. 1 have seen these men in action around our plant in plenty of tough emergencies and I would like to say that without their help our accident record would read differently. Tiakin's solution is safe in any hands. It is inexpensive, the formula not being a secret, it can be made up in any de sired quantity. Universal applicability is perhaps the next most important feature of an antiseptic. Dakin's solution is used in the mast minor or the most severe cases. As to efficiency, no antiseptic sur passes it when you consider that we drink water contaminated with the most deadly germs with no ill effects, pro vided the water is treated with a quan tity of chlorine so minute that taste will not detect its presence: therefore, you can realize what its efficiency must be in a fairly strong solution. But the value of an antiseptic does not lie wholly or perhaps mainly in its power to kill bacteria, i have said that aseptic surg ery failed on the battlefield of Europe during the last war. It fails today in handling serious industrial or civil in juries because we do not recognize the very obvious principle that when the tissues are deprived of the protection afforded by the unbroken skin, as hap pens in any serious laceration on the flesh, something very undesirable takes place. Air gets at the tissues and they (try up, this drying action starts at once and when the tissues are dry they are dead, and when they are dead infection is just a step away. The answer of aspetic surgery to a bad wound is protection but protection from what? The aseptic surgeon's an swer is protection from bacterial inva sion. He pours some antiseptic into the wound, covers it with sterile gauze and stops there. He has done all that aseptic surgery taught him to do. He wasn't taught that air was more to be feared than microorganisms and not being taught it he would never be capable of thinking it out, for himself. You may ask how to keep air out. Well, why nut keep the tissues wet, as wet as you please, as wet as they were before the skin was torn away, with an antiseptic we know is safe and efficient and can be used in every sort of case. This is antiseptic surgery.it is the principle Carrell brought to our aid when we were overwhelmed with pus and corruption in the year 1916. Perhaps there has been a note of cynicism in what i have said. I am sorry that this is so; it is neither pleas- NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS LtBBEY^OwENS-Fonn PLATE ALL-AROUND i i A MILEPOST IN SAFER TRANSPORTATION Providing Safety Glass All-Around in all form* of transportation is one of the moat important steps that can be taken in the constant endeavor to ward increased public safety. Now furnished as standard equipment by almost every passenger ear manufacturer, everything that furthers its use In buses, taxicabs, airplane* and other public carriers is certainly a well-directed effort. Libbey * Owens* Ford Glass Company, Toledo, O. ant nor becoming in anyone to impeach his professional brothers. I was not a cynic 20 years aeo. 1 had seen order brought out of chaos as a result of one man's efforts and 1 saw, or thought I saw. a new day dawning for a certain class of surgical cases, I am sorry to .tv that I gave the profession credit for more elasticity, more open-mindedness than I had a right to expect. To name a single instance we saw the treatment of chronically infected bone brought to a point of perfection, as simple, as plain and as easy as any simple procedure in regular surgery. Xot only did we see the method of treatment beautifully demonstrated but some of us were fortunate to be able to go into hospitals and work it all out ourselves in scores and hundreds of cases! Chronic ally infected bone is the most common case met with in military practice; it starts as a compound fracture which becomes infected and after the bone fragments unite, a discharging sinus is left. This is what we used to hear called a bone sore. It is fairly common in civil practice, as it is the end result in many compound fractures. Its treatment up to the time of CarrelPs work in France had been extremely unsatisfactory, in fact the dozen or 15 methods that were taught admitted that no method was really workable or satisfactory. Carreil showed that if the cavity in the bone which was always present in these cases could be eliminated by re moval of a certain amount of bone, and a cavity with only one small outlet con verted into a shallow depression and this resulting wound kept saturated with antiseptic solution, healing went ahead rapidly in all cases. There being no pus present while the healing process was going on, the resulting scar was solid and not tender and had no tendency to break down. In fact the whole thing was so simple that those of us who had treated these cases ineffectively for months felt that we must have been un commonly stupid not to have seen it ourselves. I felt sure that when I returned to the United States that here at least was one lesson that was so valuable and plain that it would be taken hold of at once by the entire profession. What actually took place is interesting. Five years after the close of the war. except for a handful of men who actually saw this work done and did it themselves in France, this lesson of Carrell's was all but forgotten. Then a surgeon in the middle west. Dr. Orr, wrote an article on a method of treating infected bone. He followed Carreil in so far as his operative procedures went. The dead bone was cleaned out and the hole in the bone eliminated, but instead of apply ing an antiseptic and preventing the de velopment of infection as carreil and his pupils did. he said pus is of no con sequence; he tilled the hole left in the hone after operation with sterile gauze saturated with vaseline. put the limb up in piaster and returned the patient to bed. He said that pus would develop and that it would smell offensively. In both of these statements he was 100 per cent correct. i have seen, at a safe distance, a few of these cases handled after Dr. Orr's modification of Dr. Carrell's technique. 1 had thought and hoped that pus had gone out of fashion at about the close of our Civil War. Between a method that eliminates pus and one that en courages it. I am all for the former. 1 know for a fact that wounds in a bone following these dean up operations heal in about a third of the time when the healing is not accompanied by pus. Pus indicates tissue destruction and nothing else. Cases that have been handled after the method of Dr. Orr's do get well, providing that the operative work has been thoroughly done, but they run rivers of pus and smell to high heaven, and the wards in which they are cared for are no pleasant stopping places for one with normal olfactory organs. Wounds that run pus in the hot months become fly blown and full of animals known as maggots; Dr. Orr's victims so fared in many cases. Then some doctor, whose name I don't know and don't care to, conceived what has been said to be the master touch of our age. He saw that maggots in the wound didn't retard healing, perhaps they even hastened it. so he hit upon the idea of introducing maggots as part of the treatment. The maggots treatment of Dr. Somebody's is well established in the minds of the profession. It is being used in reputable hospitals all over the land and the indi vidual who originated, what seems to me. the most barbarous practice ever conceived, even in the heads of the African witch doctor, is a member of learned societies and looked up to by his less gifted professional brothers. I don't like to close on a cynical note, but there is little hope for improvement in any profession or art unless a need for improvement is admitted. It would be unfortunate, yes tragic, if we thought that there was no room for improvement in our handling of surgical cases. I had hoped to see the nay come when the man with a compound fracture or a bad lacerated wound could be assured of the same efficient scientific care as a man with a hernia or a case of appendi citis. I am afraid that this day is not in the immediate future. A profession that calls maggots to its aid and thanks them for their assistance is still a long way from the goal of perfection that surgery must aim at. There is no better place than a big industrial plant for the carrying out of sound first aid practice. Let none of us adopt an attitude of complacency, let us industrial surgeons, one and all, realize that there is still much to <lo, even to put our own house in order. Five Principles for Safe Plant Operation L'RIXG a recent visit to plants of D the General Motors Corporation entered in the Wilson Xo-Accident Cam paign, C E. Wi'son, vice-president of OMC, made reference to five points which, he believed, contributed toward making a safe plant. These points were developed from observation of the safe ty practices of the 26 plants visited: E. Interest in Safety on the Fart of Top Management it is essential that the men who have the responsibility for the operation of the plant, and the authority to change bad safety conditions, have a sympathetic at titude toward safety and recognize it as a management responsibility. II. Good Housekeeping A dean plant with orderly aisles and good stock conditions sets a splendid ex ample for the employee group to do their day to day job in an uiderly manner. Good housekeeping shows ,< tespect for both physical properties and the work men who use them. III. Mechanical Safeguards Every effort should be made to provide mechanical safeguards on equipment. Wt .hould strive to nuke our machinery aaccident-proot as possible. The use of goggles, safety shoes and other safety ap pliances which have definite ncidenrprevention qualities should be encouraged. IV. Safety Education The foreman should be trained m safe practice so that he is capable of property instructing employees under ms supervi sion in the safe operation of their jobs. This i> of vital importance with emolovet-' new to a particular operation, it aiv means continual alertness after the em ployee is on the |ub. V Periodic Safety Stimulation The subject of safety should be brougn: forcefully to the attention of the entireorganization periodically, through the medium of contests, itums. safety exhibits, meetings, etc. Safety can be sold to *ne employee group much in the varne man ner that dealers merchandise automobile' C , TILSON. WnOXU. SAFETY TEXT- SAFETY ENGINEERS: Here is the Reason HY-TEST Safety Shoes give Greater Foot Protection nly a Safety Shoe with a steel shifting or "loosening up" by a O box toe that will not tip back patented anchor flange which hooks nor pinch back when struck, cansecurely under the insole. In this give your workmen the real footwav maximum protection is accom protection they want and need. plished. We have in our files scores . . .That is why HY-TEST Safety Shoes are so popular wherever foot protection is necessary. It is one of the many reasons why Safety Engi of cases which prove conclusively that the HY-TEST steel box toe with its patented anchor flange gives greater foot protection. neers throughout thccountrvare rec ommending HY-TEST to their men. Write for further particulars. Our Dress models as well as work types The steel box toes in ail HY-TEST incorporate the well known HY- Safety Shoes are prevented from TEST Safety features. Extra gauge, steel box toe with safety- anchor Range. H Y-TEST SAFETY SHOES DESIGNED AND MANUFACTURED EXCLUSIVELY BY INTERNATIONAL SHOE COMPANY, ST. LOUIS, MO. THE WORLD'S LARGEST SHOE MANUFACTURER 53 BULB VALVE TPYE NO. 4 This DUPOR respirator has a clear entrance filter aperture of 7 */a sq. in* It uses special felt filter pads 3/16" thick. Extra pads 4c each. The exhalation valve takes care of moisture and enables easier breathing. Made ' in soft, high grade rubber with face cloth. Foldable and revert* : tbu. i f Price $18.00 per doz. I Sample postpaid $L50 I CHIPPEWA-A DUPOR is really two ordinary respirators in one because of its double filter arrangement. It provides greater filter area thus enabling slower passage of air through the filter pads. This not only enables easier breathing but provides better filtering be cause more dust and spray is caught. Order your DUPOR to* day. Once you try it you will never be satisfied with any other. THOUSANDS OF DUPOR RESPIRATORS NOW IN USE Used for all kinds of dusts, smoke, light fumes, vapors and paint spray that is free from harmful gases. BASIC PATENT NO. 2,000,064 DETAIL PATENTS PENDING AND ALLOWED manufactured only by H.S.CDVER BULB VALVE TYPE NO. 5 This DUPOR has enlarged ad justable filter chambers of screw cap type and the very large ap erture of 11 \ sq, in. Extra Vs" thick pads 3c each. The ex halation valve takes car* of moisture and enables easier breathing. Made of soft, high grade rubber with face doth. Foldable and reversible. Price $24.00 per doz. Sample postpaid $2.00 SOUTH BEND, IND., U.S.A. December, was THE SAFETY LIBRARY /^ BBy MARY M. WELLS j o LIBRARIAN. N. S. C ----------------- ----------- _______ '________ Sudden Death S codes Death and How to Avoid It, by /, C, Furnas and E. X. Smith, published by Simon cr Schuster. Inc., jS6 Fourth Avenue, Xew York City. M' pages, illustrated. Price 2pc. "If you aren't tough-minded, skip the first two sections of this book and go to the comparatively milder medicine that begins on page id," is the advice of the publishers of "Sudden Death." Section I of this booklet is a reprint of the now famous article, "--And Sudden Death," reprinted from the Reader's Digest. But there are other calamities besides sudden death which might be included in the Litany. In Section tl Mr. Furnas has contributed an article just as harrowing as the one which made him famous. It is entitled. " Better Off Dead," and is published for the first time in this book. In his second article, Mr. Furnas dramatizes a less known but possibly even more tragic side of traffic accidents -- the fate of those who have been robbed of usefulness, beauty, happiness, of life itself, while still living. It is to be hoped that this article also will re ceive nation-wide distribution. The publishers have not stopped with presenting the sensational. Section III contains several chapters' on "How to Avoid Automobile Accidents," by Ernest N. Smith, of the American Automobile Association. Mr. Smith has presented the essentials of safe driving in brief and readable style and the main points are illustrated with sketches. A check list for the motorist is a useful addition to the booklet. --C, T. Fish. Training Foremen Conference Manual for Training Foremen. By S. M. Shellow and G. R. Harmon. Published by Harper & Brothers, Xew York. Price Ss.po. Book. 100 p. Certainly in these days of labor unrest and management uncertainty any meth od of developing dear thinking among those responsible for directing industrial workers is welcome indeed. For that reason, the "Conference Manual for Training Foremen" is a most timely volume, Sadie Myers Shellow is a con sulting psychologist in Milwaukee: Mr. Harmon an official of The Milwaukee Electric Railway and Light Company. They have spent several years in various attempts to interpret on the one hand the psychological needs of workers to their foremen, and on the other the special problems of the foremen to their workers. Much of this has been done by individual interviews: in some cases classes were held. This volume repre sents the sum total of their experience in working with 400 foremen of differ ent ranks in small group meetings. Doubtless to many foremen and super visors the conference method is a more or less mysterious procedure. The authors have done much to popularize the conference plan through a straight forward, dear, concisely written and yet complete exposition. The volume is ex tremely practical because it sticks to fundamentals and keeps away from idle theories which sometimes make a book more interesting than useful. It tells how to organize a practical program; prepare the plans: conduct the meet ings: and then how to apply the results. It gives detailed plans for conducting conferences on many subjects of vital importance to management, such as inter - departmental relationships, disci pline. the worker's interest in his job, the relationship between the foremen and his men, etc. Actual (or hypotheti cal ) cases add interest in presenting the various problems. Complete outlines show the course of thought and its direc tion. After reading the manual one is con vinced that it will succeed in doing just what the authors intend, that is. to de velop practical men to think for them selves, --T. A. Burke. External Causes of Death The Mortality from External Causes. Published by the Metropolitan Lire Insurance Company, Xew York City. 148 p. Free. Book. Much progress has been made during the past five years in collecting detailed facts about fatal accident occurrence. Fifty cities and ten states f including some of the largest1 now prepare month ly summaries giving the familiar occupationai-home-public classification of accidental deaths, and with detailed sub divisions. Such analysis should be extended as rapidly as possible to cover the entire United States and to provide more spe cific details. A distinctive contribution to our knowledge of this subject has iust been made by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. The Metropolitan's analysis is a thor ough-going study of the deaths from ex ternal causes among its policyholders from 1911 to 1930. Accidental deaths, which numbered 170.088 are analyzed from every point of view. The follow ing quotations are typical of the infor mation contained: "Among males, in the aggregate, 21.0 per cent of the fa talities from falls resulted from falls on stairs, 9.4 per cent on the street, 6.7 per cent out of windows, and S.4 per cent from scaffolds and, staging. Among females 26.5 per cent occurred on stairs, 15.3 per cent on floors, and 8.3 per cent on the street"; and, for males, "during the main working period of life, IS to 64 years, occupational falls were most numerous, accounting for 38.9 per cent of the total (of all falls)". The reader is warned that the Metro politan policyholders as a group are not completely typical of the whole U. S. population, that the data are "repre sentative of the urban wage - earning populations of the United States and Canada." Having this limitation in mind the safety worker can get a great deal of useful information from this excep tional volume. --A. D. Battey. Highway Accidents in Massachusetts Report on Massachusetts High way Accident Survey, 1934. May be obtained from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. Free. Mimeographed. This report gives some of the more general results of the Massachusetts Highway Accident survey which was conducted under the supervision of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 55 DECEMBER. 1935 34,500 persons dead .... 150,000 others permanently disabled .... five million more or less seriously injured-- that was the tragic toll of home accidents last year. It com prises one of the important "Hidden Losses" continually cut ting into industrial profits. The successful safety program carries safety into the worker's home. Thus a basic acceptance of accident prevention is created right at a time when the employee is surrounded by his loved ones and in a most receptive mood. "Safe at Home" is a 6" by 9" pamphlet containing 24 pages of valuable, interesting and practical information on the pre vention of home accidents. Every one of your workers should have a copyll If you haven't received your sample, a copy will be sent upon request, along with quantity prices. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, INC. 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, III. 56 SAFETY Swinging back on a strap of leather-- gaffs dug deep in a wooden pole, an asphalt street or concrete curb below '--the lineman knows that failure in equipment would probably be fatal. His- job is free from worry because his equipment is Kleins. "Since 1857" the name Klein on line men's equipment has stood for the finest in quality, whether it's pliers or >Ieeve twisters, climbers or safety straps, torches or furnace*. Distributed through jobbers The four pamphlets listed below will be sent without charge to anyor."interested. Check the ones you want. Safety lot the PoU CH*br. O SpetifcccdioAS on Lintmtn's Belts and Safety Straps. The Safety Factor on Lfasnsn's LeaJhtr Goods. C Pocket Tool Guide. eSsKLEIN 6cSons SSOOBi^mqn^Averiue^CliicagOjJhllinoij ;md operated as a project of the Civil Works Administration and Emergency Relief Administration, between Decem ber 1933 and September 1934. Publication for general distribution of the studies in separate towns and cities, totalling about 200 reports, was not con sidered feasible, and this publication was compiled as a summary of the more important general conclusions. Data concerning particular locations and com parisons of different districts were omitted. The ten parts of the report deal with field studies of characteristics of motor vehicle operation; accident analysis and report: questionnaire of driver opinions concerning traffic; measurement of short time intervals: braking - reaction time; pedestrian visibility at night; highway illumination; accident records of auto mobile drivers; the component parts of motor vehicles and their relation to safe ty: and mathematical analysis of acci dent situations. The report contains a great deal of in formation concerning driver practices and highway conditions in Massachu setts. More than two and a half million cars were observed and their actions re corded in the study of behavior of cars on the road, alone. These observations add materially to the information upon various subjects of driver and vehicle performance. --E. J. Reeder. Other Books and Pamphlets Brass Brass Products. Published by Retail Credit Co., Atlanta, Ga., 1935. (is Page Pamphlet) (Industry Report) A description of factory processes and potential health hazards. Dusts Review of the Literature on Effects of Breathing Dusts with Special Reference to Silicosis. Part IIl-A. Chapter 5: Economic and Legal Aspects of Dust Disease in Industry. By D. Harrington and Sara J. Davenport. Published by the U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C., 1935. (I. C. 6857) Free. Mimeographed. 57 p. "This circular presents Part III-A of a series reviewing the literature on effects of breathing dusts with special reference to silicosis; it deals with the economic and legal aspects of dusts diseases in industry: Part III-B will contain data on the status and cost of compensation for silicosis. Parts I and II of the series have been issued as Information Circu lars 6835. 6840, and 6848'; Part I de fines and classifies dusts, indicates sources of exposure, and describes the physiological effects of breathing dusts; Part II-A discusses the principal dust factors producing pulmonary pathology and methods of determination of dust in air; and Part II-B presents data on the engineering and medical control, in the prevention of dust diseases and gen eral recommendations for their control in industry. A summary and general conclusion will complete the series.-' Electricity National Electrical Code, 1935. Regulations of the National Board of Fire Underwriters for electric wiring and apparatus as recommended by the Na tional Fire Protection Association. Amer ican Standard. Approved September 37. 193S, by American Standards Associa tion. Effective November 1, 1935. May be obtained from National Board of Fire Underwriters, S5 John Street, New York City. Sickness Disabling Illness Among Indus trial Employees in 1934 as Compared with Earlier Years. By D. K. Brundage. In U. S. Public Health Service, Public Health Reports, November r, `935, P r5S7-3(>The incidence rate of new cases of sickness and non - industrial accidents causing absence from work for more than 1 week in a group of 174,643, male industrial employees was lower in 1934 than in the preceding year, when the lowest rate since 1921 was recorded. The frequency of cases in 1934 was 3 per cent below the rate for 1933, 21 per cent below the 1932 rate, 32 per cent lower than in 1929, and 14 per cent be low the rate for 1921. Asked and Answered CADMIUM COMPOUNDS Question; We have a copy of your publi cation, "Compounding Materials used_in the Rubber Industry, Part I. Accelerators, etc." If you have a similar publication covering the use of other compounding ingredients in the rub ber industry, I should very much appreciate re ceiving a copy. I may say that at the ...moment we are particularly interested in the question as to whether cadmium sulphide as a consti tuent of rubber worn next to the skin..will be likely to produce dermatitis or other deleterious effect. Answer: The Safe Practices Pamphlet Xo. Ru-I, "Compounding Materials Use<T in the XATfO.WL SAFETY \EWS Rubber Industry," is rhc only one to date that we have issued pertaining exclusively to this industry. Dr, Alice Hamilton, tn her bu^fc. Industrial Toxicology," says that Prodan (an investigator) m 1932, reviewed the bibliography of cadmium poisoning and of the uses of cadmium, finding that experiments with this element have not, so far, thrown much light on possible indus trial poisoning, inasmuch as the methods used did not in any way reproduce the conditions under which men may be exposed to fumes and dust. He therefore administered cadmium in the form of dust, oxide and sulphide, and also fumes of the oxide, through inhalation. The sulphide proved to be less easily absorbed than the oxide, the symptoms come on more slowly, but are essentially the same. Quoting Dr. Hamilton further: "Cadmium has a marked effect on the respiratory tract, causing, in high concentration, a rapidly de veloping edema of the lungs, from which the animal dies; in smaller amounts, a generalized pneumonia, with emphysema and atelectasis. This is accompanied by a hbrotic thickening of the alveclar walls, which constitutes a per manent damage. Changes in the liver vary from a general granulation of the cells to a pronounced fatty infiltration, which changes are also seen in the kidneys, in the convoluted tubes especially. It is stored chiefly in the liver, bones, and kidneys." Dr. Hamilton further states: "Prodan (in vestigator) was able to collect a few case histories which are illuminating. The first to be reported (Sovet) was in three servants who polished silverware with cadmium carbonate and brushed off the dry powder, one of them doing this work for a day and a half, the two others for only half a day. All three suffered from dizziness, dyspnea, vomiting, and diar rhea, and the first was profoundly prostrated, with low pulse, incessant vomiting, colic, diar rhea, hiccough, and oliguria with tenesmus. Convalescence did not begin till the eighth day." Another investigator, Legge, reported three cases, one fatal, in a paint factory, where ingots of cadmium were melted during a period of three hours in a poorly ventilated room. All three men complained of dryness of the throat, headache, sensation of cold and nausea. The pulse was rigid and the urine brown-colored. Autopsy on the man who died showed conges tion of air passages and gastrointestinal tract, and acute inflammation of the kidneys and spleen. Cadmium is extracted from zinc Ores in the course of smelting and is a constituent of the so-called blue powder, a condensation produce which has up to 4 or 5 per cent of cadmium. It is also found m the sludge after the electro lytic recovery of zinc. It is used in alloys, but more extensively for the electroplating of metal, since it is harder than nickel or steel. Prodan states that the greatest industrial hazards are in the smelting of ores, the work ing up of residues, the handling of "blue powder," production of compounds, spraying of pigments, welding alloys and melting the metai. Dr. P. A. Davis, assistant medical director, Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Akron, Ohio, says that the principal use of cadmium in the rubber industr)' is as a pigment where the sulphide is used and the metal is used in certain plating processes. He further says that cadmium is similar to zinc in its reactions and uses but is several times more roxic. The fact DECEMBER. 1935 jf O the many users of Lehigh Safety Shoes we extend our heartiest greetings of the Season and are glad we have helped to heep your workers safe from accidental injuries so they and their families may enjoy to the greatest possible fullness the festivities of the holidays. To those who have not yet realized the value of Lehigh Foot Protection we also extend best wishes for a happy Holiday Season and our sincere invitation to be come a member of the growing family that provides protection with Lehigh Safety Shoes. LEHIGH SAFETY SHOE CO. 31 S. SEVENTH ST. ALLENTOWN, PA.^ Jrcmk Patented Autust 2$. 1925 Knee Leggings Hip Leggings Spats DEPENDABLE LEG PROTECTION Reduce accidents and compensation costs with these protective leggings. "FRANK" LEGGINGS are built for:-- I. SAFETY 2. SERVICE 3. COMFORT In use in nearly 1000 Foundries, Steel plants and Welding shops. Write for complete folder THE SAFETY CLOTHING COMPANY Manufacturers "Everything from a finger cot to an asbestos suit" 3804 Payne Ave. Cleveland, Ohio 58 that where the most dangerous percentage of cadmium is present there is also present the most dangerous percentages of lead, arsenic and zinc and many cases of cadmium poisoning have been ascribed to lead, arsenic and zinc, but with the advancement of industry many pure compounds of cadmium are being used and the metal is being used more than ever in solders and plating. The symptoms of cad mium poisoning are very similar to those of lead, arsenic, zinc and antimony in many re spects and one must not rely entirely on physical symptoms but must resort to chemical methods of detection of poisons. The insoluble compounds are less toxic than the soluble ones and this is due only to the dose chemical com bination. Correspondence Why Wait Until There's a Costly Accident? It's easy to say after an accident has hap pened that a certain hazard must be guarded, but it is just as easy to provide adequate protection before the accident occurs. H & K Guard Accessories make it doubly easy because your handy man can build guards in his spare time to your own specifications. All H&K Guard Accessories are under inspec tion service of Underwriters? Laboratories, Inc. arrinqton & Klncf Perforating I 'Co.; 114 Liberty St. NEW YORK, N. Y. 5645 Fillmore St. CHICAGO, ILL. SAFETY IS INTERNATIONAL Fort William, Oni\--When we received notice that an award had been made to our company in the accident prevention contest of the Public Utilities Section, we were very sorry that our company was unable to be represented at the Louisville Congress. Mr. Wills Madachlan, in view of his out standing work in accident prevention and re suscitation throughout Canada and the U. S. A., made a`most worthy representative. On his return to Toronto he delivered the trophy to our executive officers. Unquestionably this trophy will be a great stimulus to our own staff to carry on their efforts. We hope, however, that it will result in greater interest throughout industry at large. It should bring to attention the international nature of the splendid work which your Na tional Safety Council is prepared to do for all who will take advantage of your services. The bronze plaque is a splendid trophy and reflects credit on both the donor and the re cipient. While we would have preferred to modestly receive, yet in the interests of accident prevention at large, we have secured some local publicity which we trust will encourage others to pay more attention to accident prevention. On behalf of our company, our staff and my self, I wish to convey an expression of our deep appreciation for the splendid work of your association. May your efforts be crowned with the greatest future success. Kaministiquia Power Co., Ltd., W. L. Bird, Vice-President. SANKEY FOOT GUARDS Sankey Foot Guards are made of 16-gauge steel, or Rigidlum, an aluminum alloy. Being light in weight they are comfortable to wear and permit free and easy movement of the feet. Although light, they are constructed for strength and will withstand an impact of 300 foot pounds. Designed so that the floor or ground takes the force of the impact in case of falling objects. Write for your sample today. ELLWOOD SAFETY APPLIANCE COMPANY ELLWOOD, PENNSYLVANIA APPRECIATION Austin, Ind.--We are pleased to enclose our check which takes care of our membership fees for 1936. We think the National Safety Council is doing excellent work in its field and willingly send our contribution for its continued services. Morgan Packing Company By I. H. Morgan HELP WANTED WANTED by large Middle West Casu alty Insurance Company. Safety engi neer--must know schedule and experi ence rating. None over 35 need apply. Experience necessary. Write Box 296, NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Liquor Accident Losses Are Increasing LOSSES attributable directly to the use j of intoxicants have beet increas ing alarmingly in recent weeks, accord ing to The. Spectator, a weekly publica tion in the insurance field. This situation, first reflected in life insurance death claims and automobile losses, is now beginning to be felt in accident claims. As a result, several companies have recently issued new acci dent policies denying any liability in any accident where intoxicants have been imbibed. Insurance officials have shown a dis tinct reticence on the liquor question, but mcst of them have admitted quite freely off the record that accidents di rectly traceable to liquor are increasing and have been since shortly after repeal. Policies denying liability as a result of drunkenness are frowned upon, due to the difficulty of deciding legally whether a man is drunk or what con stitutes drunkenness. There is a strong feeling that action of some sort will have to be taken by casualty and life com panies to curb the increasing loss and mortality ratios resulting from liquor accidents. The new "no liquor claims" accident policy is the first concrete step taken by insurance companies to curb increasing losses from this cause. There is a possi bility that other companies may follow suit and that all accidents culminating from drunkenness may be denied lia bility. It is virtually safe to predict, says The Spectator, that if the companies do take such action, the policies will read along the lines of any accident where intoxicating liquors have been imbibed, rather than from drunkenness. First Aid on Highways Saves Lives A score of important cases and in numerable minor cases denoting the practical results of the first aid course taken by more than two thousand state highway engineers and police have been reported by district officers to Ernst Lieberman. Chief Highway Engineer for the state of Illinois. Major cases, including those in which lives have been saved or permanent disa bility prevented by immediate applica tion of first aid methods, have been re ported by the following highway dis tricts: Peoria district, four: Ottawa dis trict, two: Elgin district, four; Chicago district, nine: and Effingham district, seven. DECEMBER, 1935 59 Vio Gen tfou/t frWtm New Instant Treatment for Burns and Surface Injuries VioCen ;s rapidly becoming the "standard" remedy for burns of all types. Records show definite reduct.on In lost t,me through d.sabTHty, less expense for attendance, and lowest cost per treatment. Perfectly suited to lint a d requirements--anyone can apply Viotien safely and quickly In emergencies. Also recommended for cuts, abrasions, ivy plosoning, athlete's foot, ImpeCgo, and varicose ulcers. Sold only on money-back guarantee. t.ET THE FACTS O.V V.oGen AC OXCEl BURNHAM LAB0RATpRIBS,_P._0^l54, ^^M^way^Nlass- BURNHAM LABORATORIES, W, Medway, Masa. Gentlemen; Send Free Trial Sire of YtoCen tor State. 60 Here is why THEYARE GOOD Personals Lloyd A. Blanchard, formerly exec utive secretary of the Massachusetts Governors Committee on Street ahd Highway Safety has joined the engineer ing staff of the Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, Boston, as fleet safety engi neer, Before becoming secretary of the Governor's Committee, Mr. Blanchard was manager of the Springfield. Mass.. Safetv Council. THERE are many reasons why Safety Workers prefer shoes equipped with GroCord or Raw-Cord Non-Slip Soles and Heels* Men and Women in all industries are using every precautionary measure they possibly can to protect their jobs and personal welfare. They know that slipping causes a large percentage of lost time accidents and to offset this more and more people are demanding shoes equipped with Gro*Cord and RawCord Non-Slip Soles and Heels. Realizing the large demand for shoes thus equipped they are being stocked so as to bo readily available. Whenever work shoes or dress shoes are needed, ask for shoes having Gro-Cord or Raw-Cord Soles and Heels. They give added comfort and safety to the worker and they are available at no extra cost. Protect jobs--work safe by wearing Gro-Cord and Raw-Cord Soles and Heels. GRO-CORD and RAH'-CORD Soles and Heels are used in dairies, on farms, iron and steel foundries, railroad shops, auto factories, gas and electric plants, ice and fuel stations, stone quarries, mines, general warehouses--where Safety is an important factor, also street and office. The Lima Cord Sole Sc Heel Co., Dept. 7-F, lima, O. Fully Protected by Patents-Any Infringement* Will Be Prosecuted Andrew D. Prentice, fleet safety engineer for the Hartford Accident and Indemnity Company at the New York Office, was drowned at Vero Beach. Florida, on October 30. He had gone to Florida for a vacation and was caught in an undertow while swimming. He had been with the Hartford Accident and Indemnity Company since 1929/ A Correction In the list of members of the Execu tive Committee of the National Safety Council published on page 18 of the November National Safety News, two names were inadvertently omitted. The members whose names did not ap pear were: C. F. Larson, superintendent of safety, Missouri Pacific Lines, and chairman, Safety Section, Association of American Railroads -- Steam Railroad Section, NSC; and Thomas H. Mac Donald, chief, Bureau of Public Roads, U. S. Department of Agriculture. __ NON-SLIP SOLES AND HEE L S Close Hopper-Bottom Car Doors with EASE and SAFETY with the Prescott Safety Tool This special tool will close hopperbottom car doors. Prevent smashed fingers, strained backs, ruptures and other serious injuries. Saves time--Is inexpensive. The Trumbull Mfg. Co. Warren, Ohio Respirator Brings Relief to Hay Fever Victim ANEW use for the familiar indus trial respirator was discovered dur ing the past hay fever season by Robert H. Krone, safety director for the Union Gas & Electric Company, Cincinnati. A victim of the ailment, Mr. Krone found constant wearing of the air cleans ing device brought considerable relief through its faculty of removing pollens and irritating dust substances from air breathed. A negative factor was the trail of con sternation he left behind him in foot and motor trips about the city's streets, a circumstance which reached a climax when he was stopped by a policeman curious to know what bank he had held up. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 61 Never Too Late To Do Your Best WHEN' safety work gets off to a poor start, there is always a diffi culty in keeping employees interested. Under such conditions, H. B. Chaffin, master mechanic on the Eastern Divi sion of the Pennsylvania Railroad at Canton, Ohio, issued the following bulle tin to employees. It carries a real mes sage and presents it to railroad men in familiar language: `The thrill you experience from a job well done cannot be purchased. It is not for sale. You can get the thrill by only one route; that route is the avenue of hard work, close attention to the job at hand and perseverance. "Back when the world was younger, I was working in a roundhouse and had an opportunity to congratulate a careful, alert, elderly passenger engineer after he had made a record run with a crack train-on a new schedule. "When we finished shaking hands he was all happiness and bubbling with mirth. As he picked up his grip and started toward the roundhouse his part ing sentence was, `We left sixteen min utes late.' "In our schedule for 1935 in accident prevention we are late, though we left the terminal on time. The red blocks we encountered were self-inflicted. A little more than one-third of our 1935 schedule is ahead of us. Let us strive to make up our lost time by no more acci dents this year." CESCO Pioneers in Better Eye Protection No. 220 WIDE-VISION GOGGLE WITH SUPER-SAFETY LENSES This wide-vision chipping goggle with its remarkably strong and tough Super-Safety Lenses is a recent development added to the Cesco Line. The lenses are remarkable not only because they withstand severe blows and impacts but also they eliminate eye strain. (The optical properties of the lens do not deviate the line of sight--there is no distortion.) Wearers' say that the No. 220 is the most comfortable goggle they have ever tried. Dressed for an Accident HERE is an example of what em ployees will wear if left to them selves. One morning a new punch press operator at the Edison General Electric You try it! Prove these statements yourself. Write for full details and prices. CHICAGO EYE SHIELD COMPANY 2323 Warren Blvd. Chicago, III. Appliance Company, Chicago, started to work wearing this pair of what once were gloves. He did not wear them very long. DECEMBER, 1935 WOODEN SOLE "STILL CLEANERS" Boots and Shoes One well known safety engi neer of the Oil Industry writes --"Don't thank me for the order. Your shoes sell them selves. They are real protectors for this hot job." Stock; Nft. 5^9 and Ne. Complete new catalog sent upon request. REECE WOODEN SOLE SHOE CO. Inc., Columbus, Nebraska 62 REPUTATION A Priceless Possession Trophies Displayed at Annual Safety Rally By L. J. BOWKER StEEL-GRIP gloves and safety clothing are not only pioneer products in their line but they enjoy a reputation for quality and work manship which, to us, is a priceless possession. Built on a foundation of fair deal ing, honest endeavor and faithful service, we have, over the past thirteen years, manufactured and designed more than two thousand special protection safeguards for specific hazards ... in reality, our ledgers are the "who's who" of American business. Our customers purchase STEELGRIP gloves and safety clothing for one purpose--adequate and full protection of human life! Under no circumstances will we hamper STEEL-GRIP'S reputation by the use of inferior materials and workmanship. MAY WE SERVE YOU? INDUSTRIAL GLOVES CORPORATION 725 GARFIELD BLVD. DANVILLE, ILL. Chicago Philadelphia Detroit TO THE employees of the Mine Safety Appliances Company, John Oartel of the Carnegie-Illinois Steel Cor poration was more than the principal speaker at their annual November Safety Rally. To them he was an old friend, and a good one, for it was eleven years ago that he generously aided in organiz ing a safety campaign which has resulted in the M. S. A. Company having an ex ceptionally fine safety record. Even previous to this campaign the company had had what was considered a good safety record. Every year John Oartel has attended the November rally and through his inspiring talks has helped to create in the employee a spirit of enthusiasm for safety. Each one of these years is repre sented by a candle on the birthday cake shown in the above picture. The many certificates and tablets displayed attest the success of the campaign. Here they are as John Oartel reviewed them: Rice Safety Award for 1928, Interpiant Safe ty Contest. Western Pennsylvania Divi sion of the National Safety Council: Six-Month Certificates from January' 1, 1931 to December 31. 1934, and from July 1. 1934 to June 30. 1033 for operat ing without a lost time accident. Eleven candles in the birthday cake mark the eleventh anniversary of the M.S.A. Safety campaign. In the background are the trophies won by the company. Inset--John A. Oartel who has been the speaker at each annual rally. January 1 to June 30, 1934 for oper ating during the six month period with an accident record better than the stand ing of the business group in which the contestant participated. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, De partment of Labor and Industry: Certificate of Merit -- 1934, SafetyRecord Better than Average. Certificate of Honor--1931, In Recog nition of a Perfect Safety Record. M. S. A. is starting on a new record of safe operation. It has one year and 175 days without a lost time accident to its credit. Each employee is determined that the new record shall beat the old one, and the old one is something to be proud of--4 years 157 days with 2.780.671 exposure hours without a lost-time accident. There will be another cake and an additional candle for John Oartel next year. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 63 Brighten Dark Days (Continued, front page ij) tivity in the rejuvenation of many build ings. Methods of financing now avail able will help to put these long deferred renovations on the "do it now" calendar. It is not too early to begin making plans now. With a can of paint, some imagina tion, and an eye for color harmony, the home owners' dream can be fulfilled. Chicago's "Century of Progress" was an outstanding example of what paint and illumination can achieve. Colorful spots from every corner of the world were re produced and made realistic by the use of paint and carefully worked-out illum ination. The problem of interior decoration is so broad that it can hardly be touched in a short article. It offers many possi bilities and the ultimate achievement is to treat the wall surfaces of a room so that they fail to confine the occupants. The use of the proper color and texture will assist in this direction. The master painter is a good man to consult. "Save the surface and you save all." Quality paint can be depended upon to protect and beautify. Freshly painted surfaces are sanitary and easy to keep clean. PROFITABLE CLEANLINESS FOR INDUSTRY Industrial cleaning is no longer merely a neces sity and an expense item. With a snappy vacuum and improved vacuum tools it is found that dirt and dust resulting from manufacturing processes can be removed as often as necessary during the 5PENC^ Spencer Central and Portable Vacuum Clean ing Systems in many types and sizes are reducing fire and health hazards, keeping dirt and dust from the finished goods, and improving produc tion conditions by removing the dirt at its source before it spreads. Quicker and more thorough than hand meth ods, easy to operate and with low maintenance costs, these units are showing the way to cleanli ness with profit in many plants. Our engineers will be glad to go over your plant layout and suggest methods of saving on production as well as on daily cleaning costs. CENTRAL AND PORTABLE VACUUM' CLEANING SYSTEMS THE SPENCER TURBINE COMPANY, HARTFORD, CONN. S-24 Where Do Non-occupational Accidents Occur? INDUSTRY is becoming more and more concerned about accidents that occur in the home and in public places, realizing that disability to an employee is costly, whether the accident occurs in the plant or elsewhere. In this connection a recent analysis of approximately 25,000 claims paid by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Com pany on accident policies is of interest. It was disclosed that almost half of them occurred on home premises or with in stores, offices and other buildings. Only one per cent occurred in trains, cars, buses and similar conveyances. Nine per cent of these occurred on the street but more than four-fifths of these were missteps and falls, unaided by ve hicles. Further details may be found in the following table: Where Injuries Occurred Per Number Cent Inside buildings other than homes..,..7,063.. 28 Riding in or caring for automobiles ..5,115 21 In the home or on home premises.., .4,306 n Engaged in games or recreations....,..3.168 13 Other accidents in the open......... . ..2.745 11 Walking on streets, highways, etc... ..2,099 9 In trains, cars, buses, boats, etc....... .. 322 1 Total ... DECEMBER. 1935 24.818 100 PAIN KILLER -TANNIC ACID 1. The treatment of burns with Tannic Acid lessens the toxic effect of a burn--saves lives formerly lost. 2. Tannic Acid, as a dressing for burns, lessens pain. 3. The local astringent effect prevents loss of body fluids. 4. Secondary infection is markedly limited. 5. Scar tissue formation is less than observed after other treatments. TANNOID is Tannic Acid, in a water sol uble base and is available in convenient form for instant use in your first aid kit. Send for your copy of TANNOID Bulletin. DAVIS iSSK CO., INC. Chicago, HI. New York City Houston, Tex. San Francisco and los Angeles, Cal. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. 55 Van Dam Street, New York City Please send my copy of your Bulletin on TANNOID to Name--,-- City 64 Something Netv! B-K ONE - IIOI H Oxygen Breathing APPARATUS Face-Piece Type For Fire Fighling and Rescue! TWO DESIGNS--mouth-breath ing and face-piece types . . . the only one-hour oxygen breathing apparatus manufactured. Salient construction features in clude a new Koehler reducing valve mechanism, having only four moving parts, and special light-weight steel cylinder which furnishes a full-hour's supply of oxygen to the wearer. For Details Write for Bulletin 106 AUTHORIZED DISTRIBUTORS Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Brooklyn, N. Y. Protective Equipment Inc. Chicago, 111. BISffV iVoivR- KOEHLEKpr MANUFACTURING CO,, INC Sg)( 783# Kelly Street Pittsburgh, Pa, _W Manufacturers OXYGEN EQUIPMENT PRODUCTS Dust Control (Continued from page iS) years ago by the Public Health Service in cooperation with the National Safety Council.J In this study it was found that the only practical safeguard to the worker inside the sandblast room was to provide him with a mask or helmet of the positive pressure type. In studying the efficiency of such devices, it was found that a relationship existed between the amount of air supplied to the helmet and the concentration of dust inside the helmet during blasting. In an attempt to determine the opti mum air volume to be supplied to such protective devices, it was necessary to obtain dust samples from inside the helmet while varying air volume, at the same time maintaining the dust concen tration in the sandblast room (outside the helmet) constant. Figure 1 shows the results of such a study and clearly indicates that the positive supply of 6 cubic feet of dust-free air per minute will protect a worker under the operat ing conditions now in practice in sand blast rooms. The ultimate criterion of protection, however, is the result of dust determinations of the air within the helmet; that is, the air actually breathed by the worker and not the volume of air supplied. Too much emphasis cannot be placed upon the necessity of maintaining these devices in good order. In fact, main tenance of exhaust ventilation systems and other types of protective equipment should be a rule in industry rather than an exception. Too often the term "good housekeeping" has been interpreted as signifying only the periodic removal of dust collected on floors, rafters, etc. Al though such practice contributes to the general state of cleanliness and should always be in force, serious attention should be given to the installation and rigid maintenance of all types of dust control devices. In every plant there should be some responsible individual charged with the periodic inspection of all workrooms for sanitation, ventilation, and maintenance of all dust removal and other protective devices. Perhaps the best criterion of the effectiveness of these devices is the periodic determination of the dust con tent of the air at the worker's breathing zone. Often the benefits of even the most extensive program of dust control are not immediately realized. This is es pecially true in dealing with fibrosis producing dusts in plants where some of the workmen have already inhaled suffi cient quantities of dust to cause dis ability. However, in dealing with such dusts as lead, cadmium and mercury compounds, control measures may pro duce measurable results in a relatively brief period of time. REI'EHEXCES 1. Bloomfield, J. J., aud Dreessen, W. C. Silicosis among gran.te quarriers. Public Health Reports, Vol. 49, No. 23. June 8, 1931. 2. Anthraco-silfcosis among hard coal min ers. Public Health Bulletin No. 221, 1935. 3. B oomfleld, J. J., and Greenburg, Leonard; Sand and metallic abrasive blasting as an in dustrial health hazard. Journal o[ Industrial Hygiene, Vol. 15, No. 4, July, 1933. 4. Hatch, Theodore; Drinker, Philip, and Choate, Sarah P.: Control of the silicosis hazard In the hard rock industries: I. A labora tory study of the design of dust control sys tems for use with pneumatic granite cutting tools. Journal of Industrial Hygiene, Vol. 12. No. 3, March, 1930. Hatch. Theodore; Kellev, George S.. and Felinel. J. \V.: Control of the silicosis hazard in the hard rock industr es. II. An investiga tion of the Ke'ley dust trap for use with pneumat'c rock drills of the jack hammer type. Journal of Industrial Hygiene, Vol. 14, No. 2, February, 1932 Hatch, Theodore; Warren, Henry, and Kelley. George S.: Control of the silicosis hazard in the hard rock Industries. IIL Design and oper ation of a dust-control system for use with pneumatic rock drills in open excavation. Journal of Industrial Hygiene, Vol. 14. No. 7, September, 1932. V. F. W, Installs Warning Signs EN unique warning signs, similar to the one shown in the accompany ing illustration, have been installed in Wilmington, N. C., by Cape Fear Post NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Xo, 2,573. Veterans of Foreign Wars, j The signs have been placed in school | zones and at dangerous intersections and | each carries the wording. "School Zone" j or "Dangerous Crossing." In addition, the V. F. W. has stenciled safety messages on the pavement just off the curb at several locations in the business district. The safety program is in charge of a committee headed by C. W. Fulford of the Safety Department of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad. What Accidents Cost the Coal Industry TFIE most recent report on cost of accidents in the coal industry is that compiled by the Division of Re search and Planning, Bituminous Coal Section of the XRA. The report covers the 10-month period from April 1934 through to February 1, 1935; and these figures are based on operator's reports to the various District Code Authorities and comprise a production of 178,000,000 tons for the 10-month period, which represents about two-thirds of the total bituminous coal production east of the Mississippi River. The report is a compilation of the cost per ton of coal at the mine, sub-divided into all the usual costs involved in min ing. It also gives the selling price and the net profit per ton. The actual average profit margin for this 178,000,000 tons of coal is 2.7 cents per ton. ranging from a loss of 6 cents a ton in the eastern Pennsylvania sub division to a profit of 9 cents a ton in the southern Xo. 1 division. The aver age of compensation cost for this 178,000,000 tons of coal was 4.9 cents a ton and ranged from 3.1 cents in Alabama to 8.6 cents in Ohio. This amount in itself may not seem significant, but in comparison with an average margin of 2.7 cents a ton it assumes larger pro portions. Plainly stated, compensation costs for the industry as a whole are almost twice the profits per ton, and one fertile field for the reduction of costs lies in the field of safety: and based upon this 10months' experience, one way in which the bituminous coal industry can double their profits is to cut their accidents in half.--/, T. Ryan, vice-president, Mine Safety Appliances Co., before the Min ing Section, Twenty - fourth Annual Safety Congress. DECEMBER, 1935 TO REDUCE ACCIDENT POSSIBILITIES tm STUMP MATTHEWS `PITTSBURGH HEAVY BEVEL" The Safest and Toughest Stamp for marking hard Steel NO MUSHROOMING The brilliant perform ance and endurance of these steel stamps is based on super-excel lence in steel--accur acy in bevels--con trolled Heat treatment and vigorous inspec tion. SAFE-HED No Spalling--Cracking or Mushrooming. In Short NO FLYING PIECES --NO ACCIDENTS. Order SAFE-HED Steel Stamps To-day From Address Nearest You HEW YORK-418 CAHAL STREET JAS. H. MATTHEWS & CO. PITTSBURGH -- 3935 FORBES STREET PHILADELPHIA--403 H. BR0A0 STREET BOSTON, MASS.--472 ATLANTIC AVE. CHICAGO--3727 BELMONT AVENUE 65 m The Ku|sftm& Vacmffi-cftuhd ant aufonurifatllif pf(mt5..(hadt*ffe dutti fplfintf, kmtwdttiLj hi -- ' clued-.OwjtAeuS *Ai ALWovul fosthaci c&- ftwicj A.ccl i'vfoutwtecj iy, iurttpwc1.,,'BEsl`fr a#>iNViNC,f&LE ' P0RTABA INDUSTRIAL VACUUM CLEANERS icfefy JutuM* tfouv (wit cost cJ?.om (m ij ccrsd>..... MAY WE SUBMIT POSITIVE PROOFf m IN V I N CT B L E2 ~ heavy-&ory2 P O R X A B L. E. INVINCIBLE VACUUM CLEANER MFG. CO. 2312 DAVIS ST. DOVER-OHIO INVINCIBLE CLFANIN& COSTS L'E$S THAfT'S\JEPlNG' 66 Dressed for Safety (Continued from page 26) In selling our employees on goggles, we found that most of the complaints were about discomfort. After consult discomfort. So we designed a different type of goggle. It is much lighter in weight and has a 42-millimetre lens with confined to operations which involve a ing several optical companies we found smaller frames. This goggle would not ! minimum of walking. that properly fitted goggles could be as give adequate protection to men because Where workers must wear spectacles, comfortable as a pair of spectacles. So the male orbit requires at least a 46- equipping them with goggles is more we set up a goggle fitting department in millimetre lens. difficult. On certain jobs where goggles the storeroom and placed in charge a The same safety rules apply alike to are worn less than SO per cent of the time man who had received his training with women and to men but women are not vre use coveralls which fit over spec an optical company. Complaints are now employed on operations which involve tacles. However, they are too heavy for rare. contact with acids, oils, or other ma constant use. Where goggles must be We ran into more difficulty when we terials requiring protective clothing. Re worn more than half of the time, pre tried to put goggles on the girls. Here quirements for goggles, however, are scription lens goggles are furnished with the chief objection was appearance but ironclad. Women working around re out charge to the employee. there were also some complaints about volving machinery are required to wear hair nets. PRESENTING NewJustrite Safety Cans! Waste Can j i'snnTB> Autonutlr oily Wsjfe Cant give you *feiy. econ omy. ertk*leuy, Otwna with foot, closes automati cally. 1. caret both Iumli free --aarcat femurel Reduces ! n a u rauce rate, t apielty: <*, S, 10, 14 talluna. JUSTRITE presents a New Im provement In the 2. 3 and 5 gallon Safety Cans. The carrying handle has been redesigned. Tills permits "Ensier Carrying'* and "More Accurate Pouring." Large Spout--easily Ailed direct from filling station hose--no funnels required. See how easy It pours--the most efficient can for the workman. Automatic spring controlled spout cap. Natural Hand Grip--opens in one operation--closes auto matically. A safe container for carrying explos've am! volatile liquids--no leakage or evapora tion. Labeled by the Under writers' Laboratories, Inc., Mini Approved by the Associated Fac tories Mutual Fire Insurance Companies. LESSENS INSURANCE RATES Protect your plant -- your erapIoym== lower your Iniuraw* rue premium*--by Iniulllnr the latest ImuroTed ind tsproied JUSTMTE Rifely Derlco# TO DAY. See your denlert or write u* for Jnrwestlnr price* end llUr&iur*. c7?stri% When the Temperature Drops (Continued from page 22) used in an enclosed space unless ventila tion is provided. Decreased visibility is without doubt one of the paramount causes of accidents in winter. Nights are longer and days are not so clear. Windows should be kept clean to admit what natural light there is, and there should be adequate supplementary artificial light. Since windows will be kept closed, other means of ventilation must be provided. Men, groggy from impure air, are prone to have accidents. Since extremely cold weather makes steel brittle, chains, bars, hammers, tongs and hooks may snap in winter under pressures they could withstand at normal temperature. Care must be taken to avoid the jerking of hoisting cables and lighter loads should be handled. Ladders should be fitted with spiked feet or other non-slipping appliances. t -f ( Produce New Movie r on Mine Safety open* with Feet Classs automatically Justrite Mfg. Co. 20K7 Avenn* CHICAGO, ILLINOIS nrHE need for the exercise of safe measures 1 A in coal mining and of teaching safety and first-aid methods is emphasized in a newly re No More Accidents in This Shop vised 2-reel silent motion picture film entitled, "The Making of a Safe Miner/' which has been _ in anv other where WIESMAN SAFETY PRESS GUARDS are installed on the power presses. The cam action operating principle assures maximum safety and in no way interferes with rapid production. Simple in construc tion, automatic in action, and easy to attach. Made for right or left hand -troke. Write for details. produced under the supervision of the United States Bureau of Mines, Department of the In terior, in cooperation with one of our large coal mining companies. The film is a con densed version of one previously produced en titled "When a man's a Miner." ' Copies of this film in 16-mm. or 35-mm. sizes are loaned for exhibition purposes, to schools, churches, clubs, civic and business or ganizations, and others, upon application to Wiesman Mfg. Co. 31 South St. Clair St. DAYTON, OHIO, U.S.A. the Pittsburgh Experiment Station of the United States Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa. No charge is made for the use of the film, but the exhibitor is asked to pay transportation charges. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 67 Good Samaritan May Peril Accident Victim BY BUNDLING an accident victim into the first available automobile and rushing him off to a hospital with out adequate first aid care, the Good Samaritan often does more harm than good. What he should do in the ma jority of cases is to make the injured person as comfortable as possible until the arrival of medical help. This advice was given by a committee from the American College of Surgeons at a conference held in Chicago on a proposal to provide all city ambulances with the splints necessary to keep a broken limb in a rigid position until it can be set properly by a physician. "Serious harm is often done by the kind-hearted passing motorist anxious to help the victim," declared Dr. Kellogg Speed, bone surgeon. "There is too much unintentionally rough handling in these cases. "The well intentioned motorist wants to do something quickly. He picks up the victim, doubles him up to get him through the narrow door of his car. May be a dangling broken leg is twisted when he's placed in the car. The resultant complications from broken bones put the patient in far worse condition when he arrives at the hospital. In only a small percentage of the cases is loss of blood a threatened danger," A Cartoonist's Idea of Safety Training A Simple Precaution in oil gas and chemical industries par ticularly, and in all industries where ex plosive gas-air mixtures may accumulate, May Save a Life! Prevent costly gas explosions which wreak havoc on men's lives and destroy property. You can detect the combustible and inflammable gases, which cause explosions, before they accumulate, by equipping your men with portable J. W. Indicators. The J. W. Indicator registers its warning directly in terms of theexp/osib/lify of gasair mixtures encountered. Permanently calibrated to detect all classes of gases, rhis one Indicator can be used in all branches of your industry, to protect lives and safeguard your property. This cartoon, reprinted from The Reef, published at Johannesburg, South Africa, by the Rand Mutual Assurance Company, Ltd., is one of a series of humorous sketches of prehistoric mining. Anyone who has ever stepped on a nail would recommend this training for those who leave sharp points lying around. DECEMBER, 1935 Compact and light weight, the J. W. /ndicafor is con veniently corned. And the ease with which a non-feehnically trained man can operate it makes the J. W. Indicator a highly appreciated and useful safety factor lo your men. Use attached coupon to send for a bulletin com pletely describing this valuable aid to your safety work. i> m DAVIS I2EuS CO., INC. Chicago, III. New York City Houston, Tex. San Francisco and Los Angeles, Cal. { Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. | i 55 Van Dam Street, New York City -- ! Please send my copy of your Bulletin { } on Davis J. W. Indicators to { J Name_____ _______ ^ | Address .1 <58 BARNS New Reinforced Electrician Gloves YELLOW with BLACK center Steam Cured Either Straight or curved Finger in all standard voltages and sizes. The REINFORCEMENT is one third heavier than the hands and fingers. The records of large utilities show that from 47% to 75% of the gloves that are rejected on Retest are on account of mechanical injur ies, namely: TEARS, SCRATCHES, ABRASIONS and SNAGS on the glove cuff, The Reinforcement of the Cuff: increases the factor of safety-- longer service and greater econ omy -- increases the efficiency and morale of the linemen. Why the YELLOW with BLACK CENTER Glove? The laminated construction gives added dialectric and ten sile strength. Positive, inspection in field and laboratory. Serious ness of all defects, snags, scratches, abrasions and imper fections are easily seen as black icill shoiv through the yellow. Try a few dozen and be con vinced of the economy and added safety factor, efficiency and high morale of your linemen. Price only 75 cents more per pair than regu lar gloves in all voltages. Manufactured by The Wilson Rubber Company for FRANK E. BARNS 130 North Wells Street Chicago, Illinois An Extinguisher for Every Fire Risk Y Continued from page 28) is miscible with water. Foam with its high percentage water content simply flattens out in contact with alcohol and ceases to be foam. Alcohol fires may be extinguished by diluting the alcohol with water to the point where combustion ceases but this method is practicable only when the container is nearly empty. The best method is to smother with C02. A few other liquids, such as acetone, are similar to alcohol with respect to fire extinguishment. Carbon bisulphide is unique because it is a highly volatile flammable liquid which is heavier than water. Fighting a carbon bisulphide fire is not a pleasant job because the material burns with a light blue flame like sulphur so faint in color that it is very difficult to see unless one is fairly close. But it is almost be yond human endurance to get close to such a fire without a gas mask because one of the products of combustion is sulphur dioxide, a gas so irritating to the nose and throat that it strangles the fire fighters. Once the fire is located, however, the best extinguishing medium is water. Water because of its lower specific gravity will float on the surface of the carbon bisulphide and seal the flammable liquid from contact with air. Thus water acts as a smothering agent instead of in its usual capacity as a cooling agent. Sulphur fires respond in a similar manner. Linseed oil seems like an innocent ma terial but the more we learn about it, the more precautions we will take to guard against it. Linseed oil has long been used with paints because, mixed with pigments it oxidizes to a hard, elastic, weather-resisting surface. It is this ability to oxidize, however, that makes linseed oil dangerous. Exposed on the side of a house as paint it offers no hazard, but linseed oil-soaked rags and litter, provided with the right amount of air to allow oxidation, but more or less protected from draughts, are liable to ignite spontaneously becaus" the oxidation is accompanied by the gen eration of heat. Other vegetable oils are similar to linseed oil with respect to spontaneous ignition but they have not received quite as much study. Linseed oil presents still another haz ard. It plays an important part in the manufacture of varnish where it is heat ed in kettles. Occasionally, through mis take or because of a fault in the heating system, it is heated above its ignition point. Then there is a mass of burning oil at a temperature much above the boiling point of water, so that even, a few drops of water tossed into the kettle will cause frying and spattering due to the sudden formation of steam. The addition of a quantity of water causes the whole mass to froth and boil over, sometimes spattering oil to a consider able distance due to the explosive vio lence of the sudden formation of steam. Such a fire may be handled in several ways. First the heating system should_ be cut off and the surrounding hot bricky work of the furnace cooled as rapidly as possible. Next, if there is room in the kettle, cool linseed oil may be let in until the whole is cooled beiow the igni tion point and the fire is out. If there is not sufficient room in the kettle, foam from a manually operated device will rapidly kill the fire; but only just enough foam to extinguish should be used be cause a big excess will wilt from the heat and the water thus liberated will cause boil-over. Linseed oil fires of this nature may also be extinguished with C02 very readily with no danger of splattering or boil-over. If the oil is very hot it may reflash after being ex tinguished the first time so it is usually necessary for the operator to stand by ready to apply the C02 for one or two reflashes. These remarks about extinguishing linseed oil fires apply with equal force to fires in most vegetable and animal oils, paraffine, heavy mineral oils, tar. pitch and asphalt. Calcium carbide of itself is non-flam mable. A little moisture, however, liber ates acetylene gas which is highly flam mable and which with the proper mix ture of air is capable of terrific explosive' violence. Consequently in fighting fires where carbide is stored water or anything containing water should be avoided. Here is the place to use the carbon di oxide or vaporizing liquid type extin guisher. Pyroxylin Plastic fires are exceedingly bad risks but fortunately they may be extinguished with water. Only on very small quantities of pyroxylin should foam be used. CO. or vaporizing liquid not at all. It is true that either of the latter sub stances will extinguish a pyroxylin fire but the hazard of fumes from rapidly decomposing pyroxylin is great. These fumes contain quantities of carbon mon oxide and nitrogen peroxide. either_of which is deadly and in combination they are a first class war gas. Such fumes NATIONAL SAFETY NEtCS are produced from burning pyroxylin after the actual flame has been extin guished by CO, or carbon tetrachloride or in a small vault after the oxygen of the air has been used up. In certain small pyroxylin fires, foam is sometimes used successfully but the true measure of success in such a case is isolation with the foam blanket rather than extinguish ment. The proper treatment for py roxylin-fires is to drown them in a deluge of water which will cool the burning ma terial below its burning point and below the point at which it will produce fumes. and fires, a few words on finely divided aluminum may not be out of place. This material is quite common in in dustry and it presents a real problem because practically none of our modern first - aid fire - fighting devices has any effect upon a fire of it other than to make the fire worse. The fire once started is made up partly of a molten accretion of the metal and partly of particles ac tually being oxidized (burning) by con tact with the molten material. The presence of water greatly intensifies the heat and stimulates the combustion. This rules out water, soda-acid and foam as extinguishing materials. Carbon tetra chloride causes mild explosions blowing glowing particles about like a Roman candle. Carbon dioxide, if anything, causes the entire mass to burn more violently. Apparently what is required is some anhydrous material which. will conduct away the heat. Experiments indicate that either dry sand or talc will make a passable extinguishing agent. Pyroxylin Lacquer is merely pyroxylin in solution. Almost all of the solvents used today are highly flammable. There fore when fire occurs in liquid lacquer it is more a fire of the solvent than of the pyroxylin. Water will not extinguish stich fires but either foam or CO, will. After lacquer has been sprayed on ob jects set up in a spray booth a feathery structure of the solid lacquer may be found at the back of the booth unless careful housecleaning is the rule. This material is the pyroxylin minus the sol vent. It makes a very mean fire and the only good extinguishing agent is water. Potassium Chlorate itself is not a flam mable salt but it belongs to that class of substances which when heated give up oxygen. It is used to some extent in gunpowder and when so used it assists in the rapid burning of the charcoal and sulphur by supplying the necessary oxy gen. When potassium chlorate is present with a burning substance it assists very materially in the complete destruction of that substance just exactly as it does in the case of the carbon and the sulphur in gunpowder. Casting about for a suitable fire extin guishing agent for such a fire one finds oneself faced with the problem of extin guishing a fire in which the oxygen is being supplied by the combustion. Smothering, therefore, is of no use. Water would seem to offer a solution of the problem but water has a tendency to cause spattering which might spread the fire. Probably the best solution is to isolate the burning mass rather than to attempt actual extinguishment and this may be accomplished with a layer of foam. Other substances which are similar to potassium chlorate are the chlorates of other metals and the nitrates, the per oxides, the permanganates of metals and nitric acid, Aluminum dust. Without going into the general subject of dust explosions DECEMBER. 1935 DOWN comes the cost of Dust Collecting Carve of Cycloidal Wheel, ia action. Smooth flow ... no sharp angles . . . less power used . . . more efficient work Curve of Standard. Wheel, in action. Note sharp breaks anti angles. Causes friction . . . eats up power . . . reduces efficiency. _ THE H1 STATIC CYCLOIDAL EXHAUSTER It's AH in. the Wheel Here's the fan for low cost operation and steady efficiency for dust and shavings collection. The only real improvement in fan building in 50 years. No sharp angles--no abrupt breaks or "baffles" to fight the air flow, and cause costly friction. Smooth, free, unimpeded air movement results in easier operation at less power cost. Cycloidal wheels offers less impact-surface to air . . . Write for details _ GARDEN CITY FAN COMPANY "A FAN OR BLOWER FOR ANY PURPOSE" Mfrs.--Since 1879 332 S. Michigan Ave. Eastern Office--55 W. 42nd St., New York City Y ........ -- .......... Chicago, 111. .// FERALUN Treads Also Bronzalun, Alumalun and Nicalun PREVENT ACCIDENTS ON STAIRS and FLOORS A hard metal matrix into which is cast an abrasive next in hardness to the diamond assures durability and anti-slip efficiency. ALL ARE FIREPROOF Originators and developers of Abrasive metals for SAFE WALKWAYS Specify Feralun and Be Sure AMERICAN ABRASIVE METALS CO. Irvington. New Jersey 70 Plants that were never considered in the "Dust Zone" a few years ago are now faced with the problem of protecting their workers from Dust, DRACCO' Dust Control Units will protect the health of your workers and make your plant a better and safer place to work. The New DRACCO Multi-Bag Fitter Dust Control Pays Dividends The New DRACCO MULTI - BAG FILTER deserves the serious consideration of those confronted with a Dust problem because it offers ECONOMICAL and EFFICIENT Dust Control. We offer you the services of our Engineering Department, with many years of practical experience back of it, to aid you in solving your Dust problem. Dust has no place in an efficiently operated plant. DRAC CO Dust Control Units pav LARGE dividends. Write for details.__ Write for Bulletin So. 3Qt DRACCO CORPORATION Successors te The Dust Bwsoverlni t Conveying Co. 4073 E. 116th St. Cleveland, Ohio IPCO SYNTHETIC RUBBER GLOVES Designed for use in petroleum base oils, gasoline, naphtha and many chemicals which are solvents of natural rubber. Made in 10*4 and 14 inch lengths, light, medium and heavy weights. Gloves are seamless, flex ible, extremely tough and hard to snag. Especially recommended for cleaning operations and processes where solvents of natural rubber are used. Send for copy of Bulletin S de scribing Synthetic rubber gloves, aprons ana other products for pro tection in oils, acids and caustics. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS COMPANY Accident Prevention Equipment 800 W. Somerset St. Philadelphia, Pa. Honor Roll Details of no-accident records in excess of 400,000 man hours, or 200 working days, are invited for this department Forstmann Woolen Co. The weaving mill of the Forstmann Woolen Company at Garfield, N. J., is now working toward its second million man-hours without a disabling injury. The last injury occurred on November 28, 1954, and the first million safe man-hours was reached during the week of November 9, 1955. The mill employs approximately 650 workers and the safety pro gram is under the direction of Superintendent James Wilson and his assistants Otto Leberechr and Carl Templiner. Mine Safety Records The following records established by com panies in the mineral industries have been com piled by the U. S. Bureau of Mines: Metal Underground Mines Commerce Mining and Royalty Co., Wilbur Mine, Treece, Kans. Jan. 1, 1929, to December 31, 1930; 400,944 man-hours. Brule Mining Co., Berkshire Mine, Stainbaugh, Mich. Jan. 1, 1928 to Dec. 31, 1930; 1,032,989 man-hours. Phelps Dodge Corp., Humboldt Mine, Mor eno, Asiz. Jan. I, 1932, to Dec. 31, 1932; 400,384 man-hours. Non-Metallic Mineral Underground Mines Alpha Portland Cement Co., Ironton Mine, Lawrence, Ohio. Jan. 1, 1927, to Dec. 31, 1932; 557,365 man-hours. Retsof Mining Co., Retsof Mine, Livingston, N, Y. Jan. 1, 1931, to Dec. 31. 1934; 889,700 man-hours. Metal Open-Cut Mines Mahoning Steel Co., Mahoning Mine, St. Louis, Minn. Jan. 1, 1931, to Dec. 31, 1932; 465,955 man-hours. Sagamore Ore Mining Co., Sagamore Mine, Crow Wing, Minn. Jam 1, 1930, to Dec. 3l, 1934; 423,552 man-hours. Plymouth Mining Co., Plymouth Mine, Wakefield, Mich. Jan. I, 1930, to Dec. 31, 1934; 660,865, man-hours. Bennett Mining Co.. Bennett Mine, Keewatin, Minn. Jan. 1, 1928, to Dec. 31, 1934; 65L5"'8 man-hours. Wakefield Iron Co., Wakefield Mine, Wake field, Mich. Jam 1, 1928. to Dec. 31, 1931; 1,243,854 man-hours. Quarries Michigan Limestone & Chemical Co., Rogers City, Mich. Jan. 1, 19 32, to Dec. 31, 1934; 1.809,965 man-hours. Louisville Cement Co., Speed, Ind. Jan. 1, 2925, to Dec, 32, 2929; 82 5,259 man-hours. General Crushed Stone Co., Quakertown, Pa. Jan. 1, 1929, to Dec. 31, 1931; 464,685 man-hours. Marquette Cement Mfg, Co.. Cape Girardeau, Mo. Jan. 1, 1928, to Dec; 31, 1930; 634r62 man-hours. Lehigh Portland Cement Co.. Ormrod, Pa. Jan. 1, 192'. to Dec. 31. man-hours. ; U07.807 Lehigh Portland Cement Co., Fogelsville, Pa. Jan. 1, 1930, to Dec. 31, 1934; 439,509 man-hours. Lehigh Portland Cement Co., Newcastle, Pa. Jam 1, 1927, to Dec. 31, 1930; 554,038 man hours. Lehigh Portland Cement Co., Fordwick, Va. Jan. 1, 1928, to Dec. 31, 1930; 475,431 man hours. Lehigh Portland Cement Co., Mason City, la. Jan. 1, 1929, to Dec. 31, 1933; 507,976 man-hours. Lehigh Portland Cement Co., Iola, Kans. Jan. 1, 192", to Dec. 31, 1934; 487,661 man-_ hours. Lehigh Portland Cement Co., Birmingham, Ala. Jan. 1, 1928, to Dec. 31, 1934; 506,^25" man-hours. Cowell Portland Cement Co., Cowell, Calif. Jan. 1, 1926, to Dec. 31, 1929; 421,299 man hours. Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co., Zanesville Quarry, Hast Fultonfum, Ohio. Jan. 1, 1929, to Dec. 31, 1931; 540,130 man-hours. Marquette Cement Mfg. Co., Oglesby, Ui._ Jan. 1, 1929, to Dec. 31, 1930; 489,769 man--* hours. North American Cement Corp., Berkeley No. ' 5 & 6 Quarries, Martinsburg, W. Va. Jan. 1. 1930, to Dec. 31, 1934; 480,412 man-hours. Lehigh Portland Cement Co., Sandts Eddy^ Pa. Jan. 1, 1927, to Dec. 31, 1933; 522,84^ man-hours. Penn - Dixie Cement Corp., Nazareth, Pa. Jan. 1, 1926, to Dec. 31, 1934; 476,449 man hours. J. E. Baker Co., Billmever, Pa. Jan. 1, 1933. to Dec, 31, 1934; 836,022 man-hours. Inland Lime & Stone Co., (Schoolcraft Co.), Mantstique, Mich. L 1933, to Dec. 3 L 1934; 613,196 man-hours. Coming Events Of Interest to Safety Men Dec. 5-6, Washington, D. C. Highway Research Board of the National Research Council, Fifteenth Annual Meeting. Roy W. Crum, director, 2101 Constitution" Ave., Washington, D. C. Dec. 5-7, New York City National Society for the Prevention of Blind ness. Annual Conference. (Rockefeller Cen ter.) Lewis H. Cams, managing director, 50 West 50th Street, New York City. Dec. 9-12, Miami, Fla. American Association of State Highway Officials. Annual Convention. Executive secre tary, W. C Markham, 1222 National Press Bldg., Washington, D. C. Jan. 9-11, Washington, D. C. American Engineering Council. Annual Meeting. Executive secretary, Frederick M. Feiker, 744 Jackson Place, Washington, D, C Jan. 27-31, Chicago American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers. Annual Meeting. (Palmer House) Secretary, A. V. Hutchinson, 51 Madison Ave., New York City. NATIONAL SAFETY NEW? 71 "Accidents can be reduced--our employees have proved this," was the message of the above float entered in a recent safety week parade in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The float showed graphically the impressive reduction in accidents made by the Winnipeg Electric Company. PREVENT INFECTION ALWAYS and You May Save a Life! ThEY may not seem serious, but cuts and scratches as well as deeper wounds can quickly become infected and lead to disability or loss of life. You pre vent infection when you promptly treat all cuts and scratches with ISODiNEDAVIS. Isodine-Davis, the new iodine antiseptic, as powerful as Tincture of Iodine U.S.P., is less painful and less irritating to the patient. Your men will appreciate and want to use this important safety aid. You may procure Isodine-Davis in your own selection of three styles of packag ing. Choose the one most convenient for your use. In swabs, like those surgeons use to sterilize wounds, packed in "D" car tons to fit your first aid kit, or in bulk. In handy applicators. In convenient sized bottles --2 OZ., 4 oz., 8 oz. Wins President's Medal FOR resuscitating a fellow worker who had been overcome by carbon mon oxide, Roy Jobe, an employee of the Republic Steel Corp. at Buffalo, N. Y., Roy Jobe was awarded The Presi dent's Medal for saving the life of Frank Bieber i right). was awarded the President's Medal of the National Safety Council. The victim, Frank Bieber, was work ing in a 72-inch gas main when he was overcome. He was immediately lowered to a platform where Jobe began the work of resuscitation. R. H. Ferguson, manager of safety, made the presentation at a dinner which was attended by officials of the corpora tion. DECEMBER. 1935 Accident Proneness Shows, Even in Cinders' in Eyes STUDIES of accident proneness which indicated approximately that threefourths of all accidents happen to about one-fourth of the people applies even to such apparently pure mischances as getting a cinder in one's eye. So reports Great Britain's Industrial Health Re search Board in its annual report as quoted in The Week's Science. According to the British studies, the ratio applies not only to factory acci dents but to those at home, such as falls, burns and accidental cuts with knives. Still more surprising is the same rule for people who get things in their eyes. All this might be dismissed merely by say ing that these people who collect most of the hurts are merely unlucky, but that does not satisfy modern scientific stu dents of accidents. No entirely satis factory theory has been worked out, but it is believed that the chief item is not carelessness, but the way people differ in the quickness and accuracy of their muscular reactions, perhaps even in their eye winks. Tramp: "Could you give a poor fel low a bite?" Housewife: "I don't bite myself, but I'll call the dog." ' utrr ho J*> 'SO*DIN2E02. DAVIS , *ee.cetiNc *- wt* **VISISSS!SC0-I^ Use attached coupon to send for your copy of FREE Interesting pamphlet fully describing lsodlneDavls. DWIS ISKf CO., INC Chicago, III. New York City Houston, Tex Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. 55 Van Dam Street, New York City P'ease send my copy of your Bulletin on Isodine-Davis to Name _ , ________________ .. Address _ . - __________________ City ,,___ _____ _ f 72 With the Manufacturer Manufacturers are invited to send in announcements of new products, or improved special features. Only items which can be considered as "news" to our readers will be published Improved Fresh-Air Hose Masks An improved design of the MSA com bination hose mask, officially tested and approved by the United States Bureau of Mines, has been placed on the market by Mine Safety Appliances Company, Braddock, Thomas and .Meade Streets. Pitts burgh, Pa. The design was perfected in to the vision of the wearer. The curva tures are such that the lens is entirely free from focus and the optical center is located so that the line of sight for an eye looking straight ahead through the lens suffers no deviation. The manufac turers further state these lenses are made from a high quality crown grass and are free from bubbles and striae. The blanks are first molded to the approximate shape of the finished lens and then ground and polished in accordance with the latest opthalmic lens practice. Super - safety lenses are placed through a special harden ing process which greatly toughens the glass, enabling the lenses to withstand -evere blows and impact hazards. to a gas mask face-piece, for face protec tion. The accompanying illustration shows the mouth-piece type. ' ft is va!uabie_for emergency use. weigh ing less than 25 pounds, small in size ancF with few parts. It contains a new reduc ing valve mechanism, invented by E. W. Grinding Wheel Shield with Three Point Illumination The Surty Manufacturing Company, 41A9 W. Kinzie Street, Chicago, announce a new grinding wheel shield. While giving full protection for the major number of grinding operations, they especially stress the research laboratories of the company, and is principally characterized by innova tions in the design of the blower, which is built with a double outlet for one or two-man use,, and possesses increased air capacity for greater efficiency of operation and safety to the workmen. The new unit is approved for use by two men with as much as ISO feet of hose to each mask. Cesco Style No. 220 Chipping Goggle The Chicago Eye Shield Company, 2298 Warren Blvd.. Chicago, announce an im proved wide vision chipping goggle made for impact hazard work and equipped with a new type super-safety lens that dobs not change direction of light rays passing through the lens. A number of other practical improvements have been in corporated in this goggle, that insure Koehler, and having only four moving parts. The valve mechanism automatically controls the flow of oxygen to the wearer, when and as needed. ^ The manufacturers further claim fire men and rescue workers, when equipped with this apparatus, can enter oxygen de ficient or highly concentrated gaseous atmospheres in safety. __ New Hair Net The Industrial Products Company, 8(J0 W. Somerset Street, Philadelphia, Fa,, announce a new hair net designed for all industrial operations where girls are em ployed around machinery and power greater safety, wearing comfort and maxi mum usefulness. The shape of the eye cups allow natural, full and wide vision. The goggles are close fitting and edges.contacting the face have a pure gum cushion binding. The large curved lenses are in terchangeable by means of a simple hinged door. Super-safety lenses are a scientific ally designed optical product and afford maximum protection with no interference the fact that in giving an adequate, un changing light exactly where needed, the eye is not under strain but is at ease all the time. With reduced chances for fatigue caused by eye strain, there is, consequently less likelihood of injuries. The hood shown is their regular standard approved hood. Emergency Oxygen Breathing Apparatus The Bishinger - Koehler Manufacturing Company. 7838 Kelly Street, Pittsburgh, Pa., announce a new one - hour oxygen breathing apparatus for use in fire-fighting and rescue work. It is available in two styles--one, a mouth-breathing type with nose clip and mouth piece: the other, a face-piece type similar in most respects driven equipment. These nets keep the hair out of the eyes, close to the headland lessen the chance of accidents. They are attractively made of heavy rayon silk in a wide assortment of colors and designed -o that they will stay firmly in place and will not shift or slip. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS tec:u\V5 ic;hand due tt'. -ing ally .rer, ireped de- ,StK) i'a., all emwer the ind are na l so rs 73 Pipe Railing Fittings Pipe railings of an emirelv new type are now being manufactured by the Fabri cated Steel Products Company, Wheeling, W, Va. This company conceived the idea "f making pipe railings entirely of steel and welding the component- together. By Trade Publications for your SAFETY EQUIPMENT LIBRARY Information You Should Have A reference file of trade publications on safety equipment should be a part of every plant's ammunition for the battle of controlling accidents. A wealth of valuable data and information is yours at no charge and with no obligations. Every executive should avail himself of these publications---much help in the every day problems of efficiency, safety and profitable operation are found in them. Mail the coupon today! tile use of specially designed equipment tile parts are machined automatically to the intricate contours necessary. By an ingenious method of fabrication ail of the welding is done within the pipe itself with the exception of the field joints so as to leave no edges to cut hands or tear cloth ing, Field welds, when ground or filed down are impossible to detect, says the manufacturer. Railings of two distinct types are available, namely those having "connectors" which simulate a railing made with the old type of plain pattern fitting and the flush type simulating in appearance railings made with flush pat tern fitting. The company has been able to design railings so that there is no break in the post at the intermediate rail and have given them the trade name of "Joint less Post." Like the remainder of the railing, steel flanges have been developed which complete the all steel picture. Statements published on this page are ( Ibased on (he claims of the manufac turer While the National Safety News cannot guarantee these statements, they are believed to be accurate. Accident Reduction Shows in Compensation Costs ASTEADY reduction in accidents during the past few years has brought substantial savings to the Kaministiquia Power Company. Limited. Fort William, Ontario. In 1929. com pensation payments for accidents totaled SI.371; last year the accident bills came to S4S.02. This company was awarded a trophy in the accident prevention contest for the Public Utilities Section. XSC, for the year ending June 30. 1935. The company came through the twelvemonth period without a disabling injury, with an exposure of 81.324 man-hours. DECEMBER. I93S 1. American Dustube Collectors. Folder No. 222. Illustrates and de scribes dust collectors for various industrial services Explains tube construction and other operating features. The American Foundry Equipment Company. 7. McDonald Safety Hat. Folder ii- lustrates and describes a safety hat em bodying many new features of construction for comfort, durability and safety. Model for industrial and mining use. B. F. Mc Donald Company. 2. Metal Cleaning Handbook. A vertible text book covering various equipment, methods and material for clean 8. Bradley Group Washing Fix tures. Catalog No. 435. This splendid ing operations together with practical sug catalog shows how a small floor space can gestions for their use. A valuable reference be used to give workers adequate washroom and guide. Contains over 200 pages and.is i and shower facilities by the use of group well illustrated. Magnus Chemical Com fixtures. Construction features clearly por pany, Inc. trayed. Bradley Washfountain Company. 3. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Catalog, A splendid loose leaf cata log covering a complete line of safety equip ment for industrial use. The various types of Pulmosan respirators are featured* Pul mosan Safety Equipment Corporation. 4. Ace Hard Rubber Protection. This handy 64 page catalog is especially valuable for Chemical Process Industries. Gives information on rubber linings for steel tanks, rubber lined tank cars, hard rub ber pipe and fittings, rubber lined steel pipe and fittings, hard rubber utensils and other specialties. American Hard Rubber Com pany. 5. MSA Carbon Monoxide Indi cator, New bulletin No, DS-I. In formation on a portable instrument de signed to indicate the low concentrations of carbon monoxide in air which are universal ly recognized as dangerous. Mine Safety Appliances Company. 6. Dual Purpose Car. Thi, intending folder shows how a passenger automo bile may be converted into an emergency ambulance for rushing injured to the hos pital. Ideal for industrial uses as car may be used for other services when not em ployed as an ambulance. Arntzen Inc. 9. Fuses Made to Protect--Not to Blow. This interesting booklet con tains valuable information on the use of fuses and definite facts showing how need less shutdowns can be prevented. Bussman Manufacturing Company. 10. Stonehouse Signs for Accident Prevention, Catalog No. 4. This profusely illustrated catalog contains 2000 signs of various shapes, sizes and wordings for warnings of practically every hazard. Signs are furnished in three gauges of steel and in three different finishes. Stonehouse Signs, Inc. 11. How to get the most out of of your Watchman Service. Folder tells about special watchman daily re port forms designed to make watchman service more efficient and provide increased protection and safety. Minute Lessons Pub lishers. 12. Bullard Gas Masks. ThiaSpagT folder shows several types of gas masks for different uses. The reel hose mask ap proved by the U. S. Bureau of' Mines iF featured. This model is light in weight and is easily portable. E. D. Bullard Company. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 20 North Wacker Drive Chicago, III. Please have sent to me (he publications I have cheeked: Name ................ ............ ...................................................... Title ............................................... ............................................ .. Company ......... .................................................................. Address .......... ...... ............................... .............. 74 I. E. S. Sponsors Better Light and Safer Lamps SAFETY and better lighting are both the objectives of the certified lamp program now being carried on by the illuminating engineering society. Port able lamps bearing tags certifying com pliance with I. E. S. specifications are now available throughout the United States and Canada. The origin and de tails of this program are described by William F. Little and R. B. Brown, Jr., in the Transactions oj the Illuminating Engineering Society, September, 1935. For safety, the electrical construction requires a high standard of insulation, such that should a person touch the switch of the lamp and at the same time a radiator or other well grounded object, he could not receive an electrical shock, even under very humid conditions. The maximum leakage current of 0.2 milliamperes was selected, first, because it was the threshold value for physiological sensation and, second, to provide a safety factor to allow the depreciation of the equipment. Leakage may result from a number of causes, such as poor insulating material in switch or sockets. (Letter on Fife) hnve Pyroilteed all jereate and oil in our plant* and And It vary bencHoinl in every way. Not only In the easier running of all shaftlnff, etc., bnt in cooler bearinux. less lubricant and longer life for bearings throughout the plant." Pyrotl has created similar efficiency In many plants. Mai! coupon for important facts. Manufactured and guaranteed by Pyroil Company, W. V, Kidder, Pres., 862 LaFollette Ave., LaC'rosse. \Vls,, U. S. A, Th One *nd Only QenaUa pyroil (Patent Protected) 8m this Signature on Every Can. Pro*. Impregnation, lacquer and rubber tape have practically eliminated this fault. Of the first fifty lamps submitted to the I. E. S., not five per cent met the leakage current test. Weeks of experi mental work were necessitated covering hundreds of sockets, switches and at tachment caps to clear up all the diffi culties. For example, because of the leakage in the brass shell socket inter liners, in many cases it was found neces sary to require porcelain sockets. Even here some trouble was experienced be cause of the hydroscopic properties of sealing compound. During the period of experimentation a high heat-resisting, impregnated interliner was developed for the brass shell sockets and a water proof sealing compound for the porcelain sockets. These reduced failure to a negligible quantity. The customary use of asbestos-cover ed picture wore for switches and in the pipe stems was found unsatisfactory. After much experimentation a lacquercovered wire was developed to meet these needs. Manufacturers cooperated gen erously in these developments. The first few lamps submitted were given a temporary certification because the high quality cord called for in the specifications was not available. In the course of several months, however, at least nine manufacturers were produc ing either cotton or rubber-covered No. 18 Awg. wire with No. 34 Awg. strand ing. At present, a large percentage of all portable lamps are now equipped with this high quality wire which is supplied at a price no higher than that of the poorer quality of wire which was in gen eral use prior to the certified lamp pro gram. To insure the desirable insulation qualities on the entire equipment, it is subject to a proof-voltage test of 900 volts. Contrary to general opinion, an under writer's approval label attached to the wire or some other integral part of the lamp does not insure its safe perform ance. since it does not eliminate all of the other possible defects which may be present. Contrary to another popular opinion, portable lamps as such are not subject to inspection and approval by local wiring authorities. Hence, there is very little opportunity to prevent poor quality lamps being sold. The T. E. S. inspection requirements are such that the assembled lamp shows . reasonable excellence in electrical and mechanical features of construction in order to insure safety and continuity of service. All wiring connections must be made in accordance with best practice. _ Smooth wireways and bushings are re quired and all joints not terminating under screws must be soldered and double-taped. The switch must be on the proper side of the circuit and must be capable of opening and closing 12,000 times without failure. The socket must be well insulated and properly connected to the lamp, so that they will not loosen when lamps are screwed in and out. The attached cord must be at least seven feet long and must be either cotton or rubber covered for durability, have fine strands for flexibility and durability and must be of an approved type carrying the ^ Underwriters' five-foot label. Construction requirements even cover the style and type of attachment caps which must be of a material not easily broken, preferably of soft rubber com pound, or the equivalent and must have . a finger grip to aid its easy removal from the receptacle. The stability of the assembled lamp must be such that it will not tip over when tilted ten degrees from the vertical in case of a table type, or seven degrees in the case of a floor lamp. THE above photograph will explain why the editor of .the National. Safety News appeared at the office one morning with a bandaged thumb. The china handle broke under very little pressure, inflicting a rather deep gash. The editor is ashamed to acknowledge that this was the second accident of that kind in his home within eighteen months. The previous victim was his nine-yearold daughter, who suffered a much more severe laceration. The only alibi that can be offered for the recurrence is that replacement was left to the landlord. There are now metal handles on the bathtub faucets. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS INDEX TO ADVERTISERS Boiler Plate Can Be Handled Safely BOILER plate ean be handled safely with Never Slip Safety Clamps. Old - fashioned chains or hooks, which have a tendency to slip, cause accidents to men. These clamps make carrying work over the heads of workmen safe. No time lost in adjusting the hold or forming a balance. Made for horizontal and vertical lifting. Write for details Never Slip Safety Clamp Co. P. O. Box 448 Grand Central Annex, New York Cit. CLIMB WITH Accident Prevention Equipment Manufacturer's Section ............... 76-77-78 American Abrasive Metals Co................... ,69 American Foundry Equipment Co..............2 American Mason Safety Tread Co............75 American Optical Co................... 8 Barns, Frank E........... 68 Bishinger-Koehler Mfg. Co., Inc................64 Bullard Company, E. D.................................. 59 Burnham Laboratories ............... .59 Burroughs Wellcome & Co. (U.S.A.) Inc................. 5 Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corp.............. ... 49 Chicago Eye Shield Co.................................. 61 Cover, H. S. .53 Davis Emergency Equipment Co................................. Dracco Corporation .63-67-71 70 Ellwood Safety Appliance Co............. .... .58 Garden City Fan Co.................................... .69 General Abrasive Co. . ...................... . .75 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.. Inc..............4 Harrington & King Perforating Co. .,, 58 Hynson, Westcott & Dunning, Inc........... 37 Industrial Gloves Corp.................. 62 Industrial Products Company................... 70 Inland Steel Company,................................ 3 International Shoe Co.....................................53 Invincible Vacuum Cleaner Mfg.Co. .. 65 Johnson Ladder Shoe Co................................75 Justrite Mfg. Co............... .................................. 66 Klein & Sons, Mathias......... .......................56 Lehigh Safety Shoe Co., Inc....................... 57 Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Co.................... 51 Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co........................... 60 Matthews & Co., Jas. H..................................65 Mine Safety Appliances Co....................................Inside Front Cover National Safety Council, Inc.................. 39-55 Never Slip Safety Clamp Co....................... 75 Procter & Gamble Co.................................... 7 Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp., ........................... Inside Back Cover Pyroil Co............. .................................................. 74 Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co., Inc........... 61 Safety Clothing Co........................................... 57 Safety Equipment Service Co..................Back Cover Spencer Turbine Co......................................... 63 Trumbull Manufacturing Co............. .. 60 Wiesman Mfg. Co............................................. 66 Willson Products, Inc.................................... 1 IF HE CAN WALK SECURELY HE CAN WORK FASTER TB-------- ^ PLASTIC FUT-SURE Guarantees Safe Walking PLASTIC FUT-SURE provides permanent under-foot security on floors, ramps and stairs, both new and eld. Inexpensive to buy--easy to apply, here is a proven con tribution to more efficient production as well as accident prevention. Folder and prices gladly mailed upon request. GENERAL ABRASIVE CO., INC. 2064 College Ave. Niagara Falls, N. Y. PLASTIC FUT-SURE FOR SAFER WALKING SURFACES Reduce Slipping Hazards with AMERICAN MASON SAFETY TREADS Abrasive Iron, Bronze, Aluminum, Nickel Use Johnson Ladder Shoes. Order direct or through your dealer. Johnson Ladder Shoe Co. Eau Claire, Wisconsin DECEMBER, 193S Aged in the Truck "They interviewed a cross section of the average man who buys SI a pint whisky." says an advertising agency handout about preparations for launch ing a new blend. L'h-huhl We used to see such cross sections in schoolbooks. But do they make good liquor advertisements? --Editor and Publisher. Five gallons of gas and a quart of gin. and all they found was a mess of tin. The carborundum or aluminous abrasive embedded in these stair treads is an integral part of the body metal. The flint like par ticles project above the surface, producing a surface that effectively prevents slipping whether wet or dry. Over 40 years Experience is at your service for the asking AMERICAN MASON SAFETY TREAD CO. Lowell, Massachusetts Distributed By Joseph T. Ryerson 8C Son, Inc. Chicago, Illinois '6 The Buyers* Service See Advertisers' Index, Page 75--When writing, please mention National Safety News A Accident Prevention Service N.itumal Safety V -uncil. In- Alarms, Fire Mine Safely Appllaiu-et " A iiemometera r.tiUard Cumpauy, E, I* Mine Safely Appliances ' ** I'-naiile Lamp Louipmeui A pron* Dullard (,`umi.aii>, L L tuwss Emeigeuo Equipment l II.. Inc. Industrial Gloves Corp. Industrial lJrudui'U to, Mine Safety Appliances I'ulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. safety Clothing to., The ^ Safety Equipment Servire The ,, . , Safety First Supply Co, standard Safety Equipment * *' strauas Company. The Lrrestorg, Dust American Foundry Equip, Bullard Company. E. D. I)racc< Corporation Garden City Fan Co. Surty Mfg, Co,, The to* Awards, Prist Matthews & Co., Jas. H. Mine Safety Appliances < >. B Badges and Buttons Bullard Company, E. D, Unit* Safety Appliances t o. sick, Tool, Linemen Bubrke Company, R, H. Bullard Compauy. E. D. Dam Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc, . Industrial Product* Co. I'ulmosan Safety Equipment Corp, ,,, Safety Equipment Service .o., The Salisbury & Co., W. H. Strauss Company, The Belts, Linemen Buhrko Company, K. H, Bullard Company, E. D Darta Emergency Equipment O'.. Inc. Industrial Products Co, Klein & Sons. Mathias Mine Safety Appliances < * Portable Lamp & Equiproem Co. Puimosan Safety Equipment Com. Safety nothing Co., The Safety Equipment Serrice Co.. The Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment ' Strauss Company. The BeltN. Safety Buhrko Company. R. H Bullard Company, E. D Dans Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Industrial Products Klein & Son*. Mathias Mine Safety Appliances t>*. Portable Lamp & Equipment Co. Fulmosan Safety Equipment Corp, Safety Clothing Co.. The Safety Equipment Sendee Co.. The Safety First Supply Co. standard Safety Equipment -Gratis? Company, The Belts. Tree Trimming BtiLrke Company. R. n. Bullard Lompany E. D, Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. I'"lm stn Safety Equipment Belts. Window* Cleaning1 Buhrke Company, R. U. Bullard Company. E. D. Industrial Pr* ducts C*v \hr.r Safety Appliances Co, Blower*, Hose Ma*k Bullard C-tnpanr, E. D. Darls Emergencv Equipment Co,. Inc. Blowers. Portable, Electric Spencer Turbine Co. Surty Mfs Co., The Bucket*, Hoisting RuUarti Ccropinv, E. E>. Industrial Products Co. Juatrite Mfg. Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Protectcieal Company I'ulmoitn Safety Equipment corp. Safety Equipment Serrice Co.. The Standard Sifety Equipment Co. Chain, Factory McKay C ir.ptny WHY SAFETY SHOES? Here's the Answer , Daris Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Industrial Gl res Corp. Industrial Products Co. Mina Safety Appliances (Tv PulmosaQ Safety Equipment Corp, Safely n-'thing Co.. The__ Safety Equipment Servic-e Cu.. The `- Safety First Supply Co _ Standard Safety Equipment Co. Strauas Company, The ( lothlng. Weatherproof Bullard company. E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Inc. .=_ Industrial Gh'vi'a ' orp. Industrial Products Co._ Mine Safety Appliance* <'<l_ IbilnKsan Safety Equipmeltl Corp, Safety nothing Co.. The Safety Equipment Service C 1 . The Safety First Supply Co. _ . Standard Safety Equipment Co, Portal 1c Lamp & Equipment Co Puimosan Safety Equipment Corp Safety Clothing Co,. The Strauss Company. The Blanket*, Fireproof Bullard Company. E. D. Paris Emergency Equipment Cn , Inc Industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliance* r Pulmcn safety Equipment Cnrp, Safety Clothing Co , The Safety Equipment Serrice co.. The SafeMr First Supply C<*. standard Safety Equipment C-. ntiu kera, Mine Car Industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pnlmnaan Safety Equipment Corn. Blocker*. Railroad Car Bullard Company, E. D, Industrial Product* Co. Safety Equipment Serrice Co,. The Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment cn. Foot run over by push car and load ( loth*, Wiping Sanitary Institute --f America weighing 6*4 tons. Toe portion of shoe completely run over--sturdy construction of safety shoe pre Collector*. Dust American Foundry Equip Dracco Corporation Garden City Fan *'o. Surty Mfg. Co., The (o. vented injury to foot. Foot caught under elevator on which was a truck containing 6 Compound*, Fireproofing Sleepsafe Industries. Inc, Compound*. Cleaning Safety Clothing Co., The tons of sheet iron. The steel toe took the rap and the foot did not get scratched. Just a couple of the many stories about safety shoes that could be told. Container*, Explosive Liquid Bullard Company, E. D, Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. _ Justrite Mfg. Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Portable Lamp & Equipment Prrtectoseal Company Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Serrice Co., The Strauss Company, The D Daris Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Industrial Products Co. Bulletin Board* Bullard Company, E. D, Darts Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Elliott Service CoMlne Safety Appliances Co Puimosan ?J*fty Equipment Corp. Safety Equipment Serrtee Co., Ttie Safety First Supply Co Standard Safety Equipment C Con*. Oil Bullard Cumpanv K I*. Industrial Product* '* Mine Safety Appliances Co. I*rnterto*el Company <aMv Equipment Serrice Co., The Can*. Wante BulLard Ci Torany, E. I* Dstls Emergent Equipment t'o., Inc. Chairs, Safety, Boatswain Bullard Company, E. D. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Pulracsin Safety Equipment Corp. Strauss Company, The (Tampa, Rail Induatrial Pr> ducts Co. Pulmcisn Safely Equipment Corp. Safety Clothing Ov Safety First Supply <v. ("lamp* and Sockets Never Slip Safety Supply Co, Cleaning Systems, Vacuum Inrlnctble Vacuum l eaner Mfg. Co. Spencer Turbine Co Surty Mfg cq.. The Clothing for Industrial Workers--See Aprons, Gloves, Hand Leathers, Leggings, Shoes Clothing, Acidproof Clothing, Fireproof Bullard Company, E. D Detector*, Gas Bullard Company. E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Portable Lamp & Equipment Co. Detector*, Indicators. Recorder *, Carbon Monoxide Bullard Company. E. I).. Dark Emergency Equipment Co., Inc, . Mine Safety Appliances Go. Detector*, Pyrotannio Mine Safety Appliance* _Oo Disinfectant* and De odorant* W^st Disinfecting Co. DiiMt Camera DiiHterw, Rock Mine Safety Appliances i"-,. Portable Lamp a? Equipnien' Co. E Emblems, SafetyMine Safety Appltaruu < -r-.) F,vhau*t*. Grinding Wheel Surty Mfg. C-*. i''e NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS THE BUYERS' SERVICE See Advertisers' Index, Page 75--When writing, please mention National Safety News Exterminator. Rodent Extinguisher*. Fire Bullard Company. E. I>. Barker Jiff. Co. Ktdde & Co.. Inc., Walter Mine Safety Appliances Co, Portable Lamp St Equipment ,o. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Pyrene Mfg, Company F Fans, Exhaust American F> undry Equip Dracco Corporation Garden City Fan CoSurty .Mfg. Co , The i hK.ig" 1A* Shield Co, Industrial Products Co. Lthbey-Gwetis-Kor-i Glass c Min Safetv Appli-tnces Co. Pittsburgh Plate Glass C. Pulmosan Safety Equipment C---rp, Safety Clothing < t # Safety Equipment Service Co.. The standard Safety Equipment ' Snrtv Mfg <*.. T Willson Products. Inc. Glove* and Mitten* Barns, Frank K. Bullard company. E D. Chicago E>e Shield <' Dana Emergency Equipment Co..' Ine. GongH, Siren*. Korn* and other Signaling Device* Bullard Companv. E i Pidnstral P* -I '*< ' Mine Safet> Appliance* Co. Gritting*. safety Guards* Chip anti Spark Bullard Curaitny, E. D. Chicago E>e Shield C.j. Industrial Product* C>. safety Cluthing Co.. Tie Safety Equipment Service Co.. The standard S-tfctr Equipment < Guards, Kick Pre** durty M(ft Co , The Guards, Portable Lamp Guard*. Power Press Chicago Eve Shield Co. Industrial Products Co. Standard safety Equipment t Surty Mfg Co., The Wlesman Mfg. Guard*. Safety Bullard Company. E D Dans Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Harrington & King Perfnt,Ding C.> Fasteners or LacerK, Belt Clipper Beit Lacer Co. WATCH SMALL INJURIES Film* or Slides, Safety, for Rent and Sale National Safety Council. Inc. They May Prove Expensive First Aid Equipment Abbott Laboratories Bauer St Black Bernhard, Robert A. Blshinger-Koehler Mfg, i o . Tnc. Bullard Company, E. D, Burnham Laboratories Burroughs-Wellcome Co.. fU.S.A.) Inc. Daria Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Ilv-ns n. Westcntt & Donning. Ine. Industrial Products Co, Johnson 3k Johnson Merck & Company Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp, Safetv Clothing Co. Safety Equipment Service Co., The Safetv First Supnly Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Flaga, Danger Bullard Company. E. D. Industrial Products Co. Safety Equipment Service Co., The Stonehouse Signs. Tnc. Pla*hUght*, Permissible Bullard Company. E. D, Portable Lamp & Equipment Co. Floor Cleanintr Machines, Electric The operator of an elevator punc tured a finger with a splinter from the steel elevator cable. He made no report of the injury and re ceived no medical attention until two days later. At that time he reported with a badly infected finger and received immediate care and hospitalization, but de veloped septicemia and died two weeks later. This operator should have worn a protective glove in his work. After the injury, however, he should have reported immediately for first aid. Flooring Material, Safety American Abrasive Metals Co. American Mason Safety Tread Co, Carnegle-IIlino's Steel Corp. General Abrasire Co. Illinois Steel Company Industrial Pr ducts t`n. Inland Steel < 0. Safety First Supplv <*.> Surty Mfg, Co.. Tlie Footwear, Rnhber Bullard Co,. K. D. Industrial Products C\, Lehigh Safely Sh e Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Portable Lamp & Equipment Ci). Fulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Fountains, Drinking. Factory Bradley Washfotintaln Co. Fnmignnt** Bauer & Black G tie rmicide* Germicides. Cutting Oil Glass. Safety American Optical Company Bullard Company. E. D. DECEMBER. 1935 Industrial Glut** Corp Industrial Product* Min* dafety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Kafety Equipment Corp, Safety Clfthin* Co,. The Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safety First Supply Co, Salisbury St Co., W H. Standard Safety Equipment < Wheeler Mfg, t.V, F, H. Goggle* American Optical Company Bullard Company. E. l>. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Cover, H. S. Davis Emergency Equipment to., Inc. Industrial Product* Co. Mine Safely Appliances Co. Portable Lamp & Equipment Co. Pulmosan safety Equipment Corp. Safety Clothing Co., The Safety Equipment Service Co., The Safety First Supply Co standard Safety Equipment C. Willson Products. Inc, Guard*. Flywheel Harringtuti it King PerJ-.iiting Co. Industrial Product* Co. Surty Mfg. Co.. The Guard*. Foot and Toe Bullard Company F.. D. Rtlwo-d Safety Appliance Co, Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appl awe* Co. Portable Lamp & Equipment Co Pnlmesan Safety Equipment Corp Safety CL thing Co.. The Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safety First Supply Cj. Standard Safety Equipment Strauss Company. Tue Guard*. Goar Surty Mfg, Co . The Guard*. Grinding Wheel Surty Mfg, Co-. The Guard*. Jointer Industrial Product* Co. Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Standard Safety Equipment i Surty Mfg. Co.. The . Industrial Product* Co. Safety Clothing Co.. The ;afety Equipment Service fo. The Surty Mfg. Co.. The Wlesman Mfg, Co, Guard*. Saw B"Uard Company. E D. Industrial Products Co. Safety Equipment Servh**-: Co., Tlie standard Safety Equipment ' surty Mfg t'o.. The Guards, Shaper Industrial Products Co. Standard Safety Equipmerr i . S'.rty Mfg, Co . The Guard*. Treadle Snrtv Mfg. Cn . Tlie It Hand (.'ream n<< Hard company, E l lUcvni*, Einmce.rgency Equiniw t Industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing Co. Hat*. Safety Bullard Company, E, D. Industrial FroduiG Mine Safety Appliances o 1'o<r`ota.Lh* Lamp & Eq--uipment Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp, Safety Clothing Co Th.. Safety First Supply Straus* Company. Tho Heat Cramp Preventive* Fairway Laboratories. Iur Bullard rvmpany f* . jj hicago Ey* S'ueld Cu. Gaels Emergency Equiprnen- Co.. Ine. --- Industrial Prodiiru Co Mine Safety AppHanoa i tnghorri 0-axrstb.il orrahle Lamp * L'yuipjm-... Co, I'T?rp*" s*rttr J.fety' Clmhing x,, Safety Equipment Herrtee t 0.. The ^a/ety First Supply Co WUljon Products, lac. (foist*, Electric Industrial Products ro oES^fety ^Phliances f,r P<>Co^lt LaJhP & Equipment FCoi*Q `SafeIy Sa&ty ?,,ipmerH Service -a),, The Strauss Company, Tlie Hook*. Safety, Hoiati Industrial Products Co. IfoHpUuI Equipment Bullard Company, R n m U.ST.Ai5.);^In,olw. iDe co.; ci*. FrnrCrgetlCy E^u{P"t Industrial Prothirta To iraVnwSi`fsty Appliances' C... t-O., ^T'hJeiPment Service -afety Fir,t Supply ra I^nadfeutjytdaClloPtlirlond*uirts,, 'Co Cor STic Indleatora, Plomraol.l,. \ njor Bullaal Company. R` ~t> Pavi* Emergcno- Equipment Co., Inc. -Mine Safety Appliances Co Inhnlator* BIshlnger-Koehler Mfg C Inc. _ Rtrllard Company, E. D DavU Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. ~ Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Insurance Metropolitan Life Insurance Interlock System* Union Switch & Signal Co, J Ladder Shoe* or .Feet American Abrasive Metal* Cv. American Mason safety Tr*a r Co. . _ Bullard i:- mpany. R. D. Davts Emergency Equipment Co . Inc. ,~ Dayton .Safety Ladder Co. Industrial Products Co. L'hnson Ladder Shoe Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co Patent Scaffolding < . The l*'i!mosan Safety Equtpmer r Corp. Safety Clothing C > . The Safety First Supply Co. Surty Mfg. Co.. The Ladder*, Safety Bullard Company, K. 0. 78 THE BUYERS' SERVICE See Advertisers' Index, Page 75--When writing, please mention National Safety News Payton Safety Ladder C Mice Safety Appliances t o. Patent ScaffiUli',? The Pulmesan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety First Supply Co, Lamps, Safety Beniamin Electric Mfg. Co. Bullard Cumpany, E. D, D&vu Emergency Equipment Co., inc. Mine Safety Appliances O*. PortaMe Lamp & Equipment Lantern*. arblde Bullard omr-any, E, D Lanterns, Klectrio Bull.irii i.ompauy, E. L>. industrial i'ixtii,cw Co. histnte Mfg, Co. Mine Safftv Appliances Portable Lamp ie Equipment '0. Leather*, Hand, Bullard Company, E, D. Industrial Cloves ( orp, Industrial Products Co. Pulmosau Safety Equipment Corp. Safety nothing Co., Tire Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safety First Supply Co. .Standard Safety Equipment O Strauss Company, The Leggings Bullard Company, E, D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., luc. Industrial Cloves Ci rp. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Clothing Co.. Tho safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment C> Strauss Company. Tho Lighting Equipment, Industrial Benjamin Electric Mfg, Co. W'eatinghousa Electric & Mfg Lookers and Hangers for Clothing Industrial Products Co, Locks, Lamp Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances d. Safety Equipment Service Co., The Locks, Locker and Pad lock, Keyless Dudley Lock Corp, Lubrication Pyrotl Company M Machines, Floor Clean ing, Electric Markers, Traffic Safety Equipment Service Co., The Masks American Optical Company BUhitiger-Koehler Mfg. Co,, Inc. Bullard Company, E. D. oicaao Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safely Appliances Co. Pnlmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Clothing Co.. The Safety Equipment Service Co,, The Safety First Supply Co, Standard Safety Equipment cWillson Products. Inc Mats. Standing, Safety Bullard Cutnpiuy. E D. Darla F.mergeney Equipment Co., Inc Industrial Products Co. Safety First Supply Co. Matter**, Fireproof siewpsafe Induitriea, Inc. Metal, Expanded Surtr Mfg. Co., The Metal, Perforated Harrington Jfe King Perforat ing Co. Safety Equipment Scrtke Co,. The Safety Firv Supply f *. Poster Service Elliott Service Co. National Safety Council, Inc, Bollard C.impany, E, D. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Induiinal Product* Co, Mine Safety Appliances Co, Protectory Arm Bullard C mpany, E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc Safety First Supply Co, Salisbury & Co.. IV'. H. Standard Safaty Equipment Co. Publications, Safety N'atlonaJ Safety Council, Inc Safety Magazine Publishing Corp. ' Puller*, Fuse Bullard Company. E. D, Industrial Products Co. Mme Softiy Appliances C-, Safety Equipment Service r.>. The FOR SAFE HANOTfTC Provide Proper Equipment A boring mill operator, with the help of a fellow worker, undertook to take a 72 inch tire from the rack of rough tires to his own boring mill, a distance of 25 feet. The tire got'out of control and as it fell the operator was crushed under its weight. A hoist truck has been in stalled, which delivers tires to the boring mills, reducing the possi bility of a similar accident and increasing the efficiency of the operation. Industrial Products Co. Mover*, Railway Car Bullard Company, E. D, Industrial Products Co. Safety Equipment Sendee Co.. :The ^andard Safety Equipment Co. O Oxygen Breathing Apparatus Bishlngw-Knehler Mfg. c. Inc. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Mtne Safety Appliances Co, P I'ao*, Miner*' Lehigh Safety Slice Co. Portable Lamp fc Equipment Pad*. Knee Bullard Company, E, D. Industrial 01 ve Corp Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Portable Lamp ft Equipment Co. Industrial Cloves Corp. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co, Pulm tan Safety Equipment Coco, Safety Clothing Co,. The Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safety First Supply Co. Standard safety Equipment Co Strauss Comranv. The Protectors, Finger Bauer A Black Industrial (Doves Corp Safety Clothing Co.. !'* Safety Equipment Service Co. The Protector* for Linemen Bullard Company, E. D, Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Jr.c. Industrial Gloves Corp, Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulm-'!in Safety Equipment Corp, Safety Equipment Service Co,, The Pumps, Oxygen Bishlngcr-Koehler Mfg. Co. Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. R Respirators American Optical Company BisTinger-Koeiiler Mfg. Co.. Inc. Bullard Company, E. I). Chicago Eye Shield Co. cover, H. S. Dans Emergency Equipment Co,. Inc. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. PoCrtoa, ble Lamp & Equipment PiJmosan Safety Equipment C> rp. Safety Clothing Co.. The Safety Equipment Service Co., The Safety First Supply Co, Standard Safety Equipment C Wills*, a Products. Inc. Resuscitation Equip ment Bliblnger* Koehler Mfg. `o.. inc. Bullard Company, E. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. ^- Mine Safety Appliances Co. Rope, Wire S Scaffolding. Safety Patent Sc&ff-dding Co^ The Screw Drivers, Nonskid Surty Mfg. Co.. The __ Shades, Eye, Non-' breakable Billiard t .imrariy, E. D. rhiragti Eye Shield Co. Dans Emergency Equipment 'm , Inc. Industrial Products (\l. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing Co. Safety Equipment tiei-rice Co., The Shade*. Window, Industrial Shoe*. Safety, Factory and Foundry Bullard C> tupauy. E. D. Industrial Products C07 International Shoe Co. Lehigh Safety Shoe Co" Mine Safety Appliances Co. Portable Lamp & Equipment Co. Safety Equipment Sen f* e Co., The Safety First Sin e Co. Safety First Supply (*o. Shoe*. Wooden Sole Industrial Products Co. Reece Wooden S Ic Shoe Co.. Inc. Safety Clothing Co.. The Sign*, Accident Prevention Bullard Company. E. D. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances. Co. Portable Lamp & Equipment Co. = Safety Clothing ro., Tfie Safety Equipment Service Cv, The Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Stonehouse Signs. Inc... Sirens and Signal* Bullard Company, E. D. Industrial Pr* ducts Co. Sling*. Safety, wire Rope Soap Procter & Cample Co. Sole*, Shoe, Non-*lip Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co. Sterilizing Equipment Straps, Safety Buhrke Company. R, Hi Bullard Company. F,. D. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Industrial Products Co. Klein & Sons. Mathias Portable Lamp & Equipment Stretcher Unit* Surrey*. Eye Sight Systems, Dust Control American Foundry EqulpT Co Dracco Corporathn Garden (Tty Fan Co. Surty Mfg. Co.,. The T Tent*. Pneumonia Blahlnger-Koehler Mfg. Co., Ine. 7--^ Mine Safety Appliances ('). Testers. Fuse Tool*. Linemen BiiUard Company, E. D Daria Emergency Equiymt-nr Co.. Inc. Industrial Products Co__ Klein & Eons. Mathias NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS '9 THE BUYERS' SERVICE See Advertisers' Index, Page 75--When writing, please mention National Safety News TooJft. Sfnrklnsc or Stamping Matthowa A Co,, Jas H Tools. .Von-Bparklnff Ampco Metal, Die. Bullard Company. R. D. Dtrli Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Pulmncau Safety Equipment Corn. 'Tttrdaen, Blow Klein Sc Sons. Mathias Triads, Safety American Abrasive Metals Co. American May.n Safety Tread Co. Caxnegte-Illinois Steel Corp Illinois J?teel Company Industrial Products Co. Inland Steel Co. Surty Mfg, Co.. The Treaties. Safety, Extension Industrial Product! Co. Patent Reiff Win* Co,. The Safety First Supply Co. Trophies Matthews & Co. Jas. H. V Valves, Oxycen BlshJnjefK-ehler Mfg, Co. Inc, Mine Safety Appliances Co Vending Machines, Sanitary Ventilating Equipment American Foundry Equip, Co, lraocu Corporation Carden City Fan Co. W Washers. Safety for Cirfndlng Wheels Industrial Products Co. Standard Safety Equipment C" Washroom Equipment Industrial Bradley Washfountun Co. Welding Equipment Wrenches. Hopper far Industrial Products Co, Safety Equipment Service Co.. The Safety First Supp!y_Co. Trumbull Mfg. Co.. The Wrenches, .Yon-sparking Wrenches, Pipe The following companies are those whose names appear under the various headings contained in this Buyers' Service Abbott Laboratories............... ... ..North n,|.*asrt III. .American Abr.isue Metals Co. ........Irvington, N. J. American Foundry Equipment Co, . ...Mishawaka, ind. American Mason Safety Tread Co. ..........Lowell, Mass. American Optical Co. .................... . .Southbridgf, Man. Amoco Metal Inc. ............... ....Milwaukee, Wla. Baras. Bauer AFraBnlkackK.................................................................. ...CChhicicaaggoo., 111. Ill, Benjamin Electric & iff?. Co. Dcs PUiucs, III. Bernhard, Robert A. ....... .. -- R< cheater, N. Y. Blahlngardvoehier Mff. Co. Bradley Washf> m.taiu Co. ... .... Pittsburgh, Ta. Milwaukee. Wla. Buhtke Co., U. H........................ .. ______ ^Chicago. 111. l'uilard Co.. E. D............................. San Francisco. Cal>f. Burnham LaUiramrlea . \V. Medway, Maas. Rurroughs-Wellemue & Co. tU.S.A.1 Inc,. New York. X.Y. '('haimcaeceole-IE1yHeinSishieSldteeCl oC...o..r.p................................P..it.tCshbiucarggho., Ta. ILL Clemanu Mfg. Co. ............ ....... ......Chicago. IU, Clipper Belt l.acer Co, ....... Grand" Rapids, Mich. t'oTer, II, S. ....... ............. ...South Bend. Ind. Itarts Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc.. ,,, New Yurk. N. Y. Dayton Safety Ladder Co.. The ............. Cincinnati, Oh'o Graeco Corp. ------------------...... ,;., .Cleveland. Ohio Dudley l.<k Corp. ........ .................Chicago, IIL Kllwood Safety Appliance Co Ellwood Uiy. I'n. Elliott 8ervlce Co............................. ..New York. N. Y. Fairway Laboratories. Inc , .Belleville. Ill Carden City Fan Co................................... ..Chicago, 111. General Abrasive Co. . , , .-...Niagara Falls. X. Y. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.. Inc. . .-...Akron. Ohio flarker Mfg C- ,T........ ,.................................. ..Dayton. 0. Harrington St King Perforating O. .......... ,,Chicago. 111. nyuion. Wcatcott tc Dunning, Inc. .....Baltimore, Md. Illinois Steel Co.......... .. . .. ...Chicago, 111. Industrial Gloves Corp ......................Danville. IIL Industrial Products Co. , .Philadelphia, Pa. Inland Steel Co. .....................................Chcago, 111. International Slue Co. .................................St. L-uls. Mo. Invmctllo Vacuum Cleaner Mfg. Co, ........Dover. Ohio Johnson & Johnson ................. ....New Brunswick. X. J. Johnson Ladder Shoe Co. .......Eau Claire. \M. Justrlte Mfg, Co. .......Chicago, IIL Kldde A Cv, Inc.. Walter ......................New Y ik. N. Y. Klein A Sons. Mathias . .... ...Chicago, IIL Lehigh Safety Shoe Co. ............APeutmut. l*a. Mbl ey-Oweni-Ford Glass Co, ..........Toledo. Ohio Lima Cord Sole A Heel Co.. The .. .. .... Lima, n lo Matthews & Co.. Jas. H. Pittsburgh, Ta. McKay Co. Plus* urglt. I'a. Merck A Co.. Inc. ....................New York, N. Mr> polltan Ltfe Insurance Co. New York. N. Y. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Pittsburgh. Ta. National Safety Council. Inc, __________ ....Chicago. IU. Never SUp Safety Clamp f.) ,,, , , . New Work. X_ Patent Scaffolding >., Ttie .......... .............. Chicago. 111. Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co.................. ..........Pittsburgh. Fa Portable Lamp & Equipment t'o. ..........Pittsburgh, Pa. Procter A Gamble Co.......................... ........ Cincinnati. O'do Protectoseal Co. .........Chicago, 111. IVlmosau Safety Equipment Corp. >-' v Y. Pyrene Mfg. Co.......... ........... . ......Newark, N. J. I*yroil to................................................ -.. .i.a ijjse. Wls. Reece Wooden Sole Shoe c .. , C 1 uni'is. Nchr. Safety Clothing Co.. The ...Cleveland. Ohio Safety Equipment Service ?>.. The ... Ch.tcland, Ohio Safety First Shoe Co. ...................... .. ..H' llisLon. Mass. Safety First Supply 'n............... PiusiAirgh. Pa. Safety Magazine Publishing Corp New Yurie. N. T. Salisbury A Co.. Inc.. XV. H . . .......... .Chicago, 111. Sanitary Institute of America ,,, ..............C* icago, IIL Sleensafe Tndi'strtes, Inc.................... New York N. Y. Spencer Turbine Cd., The , , . ... Uanfocd. Conn. Standard Safety Equipment Co ............. ch'cago, IIL StnuelMiuse Signs. Inc........... ............. Denver. Colo. Strausi Co., Inc............ ...___ ..........Pittsburgh, Pa. Surty Mfg. Co.. The ........... ............. ' icago, 111. Tri'ml till Mfg, Co., The , , ..............Warren, Ohio 1'nl n Switch & Signal Co. . . ...........Swissraie, Pa. Westlnghouse Electric & Mfg. Co East Piltshnrgh, Pa. Wlesmtn Mfg, Co................. ........... Da't n. Ohio Willson Products. Inc. ........... Reading, Pa. Industrial Safety Market A S a service to our readers, we endeavor to maintain a complete list of the source of supply of all types of safety and allied equipment. If you do not find what you want in the advertising pages, send in the coupon below, and we will have forwarded to you without charge, or obligation, detailed information and catalogs on mate rial to meet your requirements. National Safety News 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago Please have forwarded to me from various manufacturers, without charge, prices, catalogs, etc., on the following material: Specifications: (Be specific as to size, capacity, quantity, etc., when prices are wanted.) Company , Address , . Your Name DECEMBER, 1935 80 The Accident Barometer Prepared by the Statistical Bureau, National Safety Council These items summarize briefly the monthly reports collected by the Nation al Safety Council to show current acci dent trends. Certain of these reports are analyzed more fully in other monthly publications of the Council, devoted to industrial, traffic, commercial vehicle, home, and school safety. In addition, the Council's annual statistical report "Accident Facts," contains detailed in formation on all types of accidents. Accidental deaths of all types occurring in September are estimated at 7,380, or 8.1 per cent less than the September 1934 total of 8,044. This reduction was shared by motor vehicle, other public, and home accidents. Occu pational deaths increased over last year. Only two months this year (April and August) have shown a higher total of accidental deaths than last year. The nine months' estimate is now placed at 71,520, compared with 75,477 for the same period of 1934--a drop of 5.2 per cent. Occupational accident fatalities totaled approximately 1,300 in Septem ber, an increase of 8 per cent from the September, 1934 total of 1,200. Esti mates for mcst of the earlier months this year indicate only minor changes from last year, so that even after the addition of September the difference in totals is still small. The nine months' figure for 1935 is 12,100, and the comparable fig ure for 1934 is 12,000. Reports on the inter-plant contests of community safety councils indicate a September frequency rate per million man hours of 11.69 (a slight increase from last year) and a severity rate per thousand man hours of 1.25 (up from 1.00 for last September). During the nine months frequency aver aged 13.20 or 11 per cent below last year, and severity stood at 0.99--down 27 per cent from last year's comparable rate. For the three sectional contests conducted by the National Safety Coun cil September frequency was 9.00, 6 per cent below September 1934, while the nine months' cumulative rate was S'.75, or 14 per cent under last year. Deaths reported to Industrial Commis sions in October increased 7 per cent over October 1934. Steam railroad accidents in July were fewer than in July last year. Deaths went down 4 per cent from 526 to 503. and injuries dropped 9 per cent from 2,566 to 2,339. Trespasser deaths, alone, decreased nearly 8 per cent. Non-tres passer fatalities increased 2 per cent. The seven months' death total was 2,773, a slight increase from last year's com parable figure of 2,759, but the injury total was only 15,710 against 16,385 for last year. Motor vehicle deaths in September totalled about 3.170, according to the latest estimate based on reports cover ing 90,000,000 population. This is a reduction of 5.9 per cent from the num ber occurring in September, 1934. There were decreases, also, in January, May. June, and July. Consequently it is somewhat surprising to find that the improvement in these five months has only been enough to offset the increases of February, March, April and August. The nine months' total is estimated to be 25.120, or just a little under the 1934 comparable figure of 25,222. In con trast to this national situation, the following state reductions for the nine months are noteworthy: Illinois, 13 per cent; Massachusetts, 14 per cent; Min nesota, 11 per cent; Oregon, 16 per cent; Rhode Island, 31 per cent; and Wy oming, 18 per cent. Commercial vehicle fleets partici pating in the National Fleet Safety Con test maintained a low level of accident frequency during September. They aver aged 1.59 accidents per 100.000 vehicle miles, compared with 1.81 for the same month last year--a decrease of 12 per cent. Passenger cars and buses showed large reductions, but trucks had a slight increase. The average rate for all fleets during the first three months of the contest was 1.62, or 11.5 per cent under last year. The bus rate went down from 1.31 to 1.01; the passenger car rate, from All Accidental Deaths January-September 1935 .......................71,520 1934 ....................... 75,477 1933 .......................66,167 U. S. Census Bureau totals for 1933 and 1934; National Safety Council estimate for 1935. 1.17 to 1.01; and the truck rate, froriT 2.61 to 2.58. Fire losses in the U. S. totalled 8173,891,000 in the eight months from January to August, according to esti mates of the National Board of Fire L'nderwriters. Last year losses in these months amounted to $197,162,000. This reduction of 12 per cent is remarkable in view of the fact that the 1934 total was one of the lowest in recent years. If the loss experience from September to December is as good as for the first eight months, the 1935 total will be about 8230,000,000--the lowest annual figure since 1915. Public (not motor vehicle) deaths totalled 1,200 to 1,300 in September, a drop of about IS per cent from Septem ber 1934. A greater contrast is noted when September is compared with earlier months of this year. In July the total was approximately 2,400; in August. 2,200. The sharp reduction in Septem ber comes primarily from fewer drown- ings and excessive heat deaths. The nine months' total of public fatalities is estimated to be 13,400, or 4 per cent under last year's comparable rate. Deaths from home accidents in September numbered approximately 1,900, or 14 per cent fewer than occurred in the same month last year. This esti mate also indicates a downward seasonal trend this year, for in August there were about 2,700 home deaths. The total for January to September is set at 23,000 compared with 26,400 in the same period of 1934. This drop of 3,400 deaths is greater than last year's excessive heat fatalities, which indicates that some progress has been made in reducing the more ordinary types of fatal home acci dents. # Looking Ahead .... The December total of accidental deaths will probably be almost as high as that for any of the summer months. Motor vehicle fatalities will be practic ally at the year's peak. Firearms deaths (most of them in hunting accidentsi will number almost as many as.jn November. Deaths from absorption of poisonous gas (carbon monoxide, etc.) will probably be at the winter's high point of more than 200. Fatal burns, also, will be about as numerous as in any month of the season. NmONAL SAFETY NEWS There's a PULMOSAN RESPIRATOR for EVERY breathing hazard/ FOIt DUSTS >1-15 Dust Respirator APPROVED BY THE U. S. BUREAU OF MINES A trium p h o f scientific design. Recommended for Type "A" dusts under schedule 21, in the severest concentrations. Gives your workers unusual safety, wearing comfort, ease of breathing and lightness. Has all - aluminum body, patented non - inflated rubber face cushion, all - rubber headbands, U. S. Army Gas Mask type flutter exhaust valve and new filter pouch which needs no constant changing. Order an M-15 for trial. Full details on request. Standard "M" SERIES Has many valuable features of above model, but uses filter discs instead of pouch. Gives very efficient protec tion against dusts of all kinds and concentrations. Comfortable, light, easy breathing. Five models. Write for full details. Heartiest UJtsltes for a iiierry (Christmas aitfr a Happy Heiu Hear Hill attit iFreit Hlahlert For Paint Spray. Fumes Gases and Smoke The Pulmosan line comprises more than 30 types ot respirators, helmets, hoods and masks to combat dusts, spray mists, fumes, gases and smoke. The_ following are a few examples: R-150 Chemical Cartridge Respirator fort and easy breathing. Most widely used for paint spraying, organic and acid fumes. Ha> chemical cartridge which purifies .all inhaled air. Cartridges easily and in expensively replaced. Has all Pulmosan features of construction, safety, com^ Get further details. GR-230 Sponge Tvpe GOGGLE RESPIRATOR An example of Pulmosan de sign. Protection for eyes, nose, throat and lungs against dust, light smoke and light fumes soluble in water. All - rubber goggles and respirator moulded in one piece. Same idea avail able in other types of res pirators. Furnished in metal case with Anti-Mist Pencil. Write for further details. Everything for Safety! In addition to respiratory equipment, Pulmosair" otters a complete line of safety equipment, such aat goggles, safety clothing, gloves, fire fighting equip ment. machine guards, ladders, ladder shoes, etc. =- WRITE FOR NEW CATALOG! PULMOSAN SAFETY EQUIPMENT CORP. Member: Industrial Safety Manuf'rs. Ass'n. 176 Johnson Si., Brooklyn, N. Y. Mich. Distributor: THE BOYER-CAMPBELL CO., Detroit Lake Superior Dist. DMr.: W. P. Jc R. S. MARS, Duluth, Minn. THIS DEEP CURVE Compels the Glancing Blow Supports the Heavy Blow as does the arch in a bridge. Prevents the glass from being driven into the eyes if lens should break by a terrific blow. 0 SEMVICE Deep Curved Lenses are not new to users of Super-Drednaut Goggles. Ten years ago we designed, manufactured and placed in Super-Drednaut Goggles the first deep curved lenses to be offerd for sale. We have sold thousands of them since that time. The recent trend of other manufac turers to this type of lens merely goes to prove what we have contended from the first--that to get maximum protection from Goggle lenses, you MUST use a deep curved lens. We are glad for the sake of those who must wear Goggles, that the principle of deep curved lenses is becoming generally recognized, because with the wider use of this type of lenses, a greater number of eye injuries will be prevented. The men in your plant will get maximum eye protection if you supply them Super-Drednaut Goggles, fitted with Super-Drednaut Deep Curved lenses. Let us send you a pair for your examination. Write for our NEW General Catalog on Accident Prevention Equipment. /s'