Document 3w7LrDbz9Q6N06DnpjnERmyE

muJULBSS* y&c }T7TTTnD]^l V02-. 53, No. 5 &<SIE At/SJJST, 2&43 t it (.: CHoMsd os is feds fm Bpss &uwi Sagpsfe fer ftfls E7 a n va aa, a can *. rais\ ra nx mss Dana 0MMMM / ruhrUfT, SThiU PUli* Umtpiltl, mtd dw wwi y Wwlrt. fMckMU* Cwmt, /Vw fwt jjPOK over twenty year* thluniuwd uplithilcon have Uvn extensively used for insulating wire and in the V manufacture ol certain electrical equipment. Chlor inated niplvtltalmct and chlorinated phenyls (sold under ih iradr names of Halowax and Aroehlor) have marked electrical, heat and moisture resisting proper!* and are practically non-inflammable Their use in the manufacture and preparation of many types of elechuI i^uipmmi has Wen tremendously mcre.ied. due to the rnunr.i increase in the use of such equip ment for the \><Om'CuIi>mx <>f this present world war In .otne mills hot concentrated Haluwax it used to :iiur.i*r wire insulation. while in other mills the coml-'un-lr trr dissoKcd m organic solvents, the solutions ihin Wing used cold to saturate the insulation. In *th these processes the wet insulated wires are dried m drying (uW or ovens. I Hiring this drying process <ln(frrnu conerntrations of chlorinated compounds .ire given -of. !i has been known for many year* that these com* ;wujds Cause ariie-hWe rrupnons. in recent yenr* srri- `I . M* >t HraVh. W Mt(l*l>r C<r S. Y ou systonic effects have been recognised. During the past year many cases of skin eruption and m addition H* fatal cases of a peculiar type of subacute yellow atrophy of the liver have occurred among the worker, in two wire and cable mills. At the request of ihr management of one o( these null* and in <oopefstw.ii with the Department <<f Health of WnirheMei t <.u..iy I N` V I. Onr Of I lie illlhor, umirrl.a.t .01 .i.vr.Ok n, o| ihr mill in order to advirr (hr m.uwig**rortil uxl |l Department of Health .i 10 mrtr.N of |.rrvri>iin of the eutanvwu* l<sm* anti '\vtrnnc eflctH r.lulling frfn ihenr toxic hydtix'iirhono, This null uwtl the i.t.l process iof saturating the wn* msuluiir.n \s ihc study progressed, it Wrame ap|wfrut that tin(iixic lesions resulted from inhalation hi nun wtirk ng in or mar the rtrymg onus und id**. hi some oihi-r imihml <I< .ibsorptiOM. pieoim.tMv through liu- ilon This fact was ctcarlv shown, tweause n'.ny of the acneform eruptions occurred among the mm o|teraiing the saiuratiun Itaths and not exposed in ihe inhalation h.itiird. A few ol the acne-form eruphon* necurri-d among workmen Handling the cold finished wire m ,1 mdl riMim far removed from any (wiciibit inhalation i l t ' .V, 0NS 097420 \\ Miiir;) work'll,; if) till voile 'll It ,i!h the .irtcx vl nu:i huvwil mi .m il -form erupt m. \ . wl thv-e wMiu-o ii.mUeil th* tovic An 'i>Cfi'go..n M4. Ugun tv, itnrrnMrii what li'n'.ic * *"v'1 > f* mjIi I nett the .oliuinM; .item n| iK<c MiUuncC' iX|>iTi!*Hit;il ainm.l* l.v mh d.iiion, .n^olM-u .mtl by surface ap|>hc*ti>-n oi the subsi.owts t> ihe skin I'm* .rude describe. p.'ithiiiiicwal vhangvs .>t>sri,.| 111 nuui n<l expel inicmvt ,itlimj'.' Tvstdtmg ii.An absorption 01 these iiim,' substances .m l *:tj:j'r*t mr.m preventingjhi* absorption Cs&ca Lrhmjnn I'})')/// to:it.l dial aim.K liuli were icd ir which inhaled cUl.fvri.i<ed n.|v(>lhalvTVvs lost ap petite am) at death ..ho<sl jvtuliar J<-.>,.ns m (hr liwr. Flinn and [jrvik (.'I m Id.W, reported three ca.e* oi vfViCm atrophy oi ;' liver .urrtn/ in d.'i-e w,-Mv se'pantod plants Kxpvnniirtii.vl studies 'ii r.ibbi.s USinf .btfiirnt compound- 'ii chlorinated ii.-.phdiAk-ue indicated 1 Sjt the toxicity ,'t these 'Miiijiuunil- u- cie.ive* with the increasing degree* >( .** Hum -vM jxtviW f.}l later (.).Util 11.nr v.isr* '.i yellow atrophy oi 11tv l.vr' occurring .n mtiJ- where vhl'ifiniir.1 naphthalene! r being y,,vd t,, impn-gnaie wire ami other electrical equipment They com lurii-d (hat the ca*> ydkiw atrophy ot the liwr occurring among the employee* were probably due to c\po*ure to chlorinated naphthalene*. Dnnker. Warren and Merinu//> m H'Jr* dewfbed (he morphological changes in the liwr> oi rat* exposed lu chlorinated naphthalene* and chlorinated phi-ml*. Th* mvMtglm avlmtMvWevi the toxic -ubl.<noe* b> inhalation. feeding and siibcuuncoii- inirrii"n. Tiny found that the in .mil tetra chlorinat'd naphthalene* produced only slight patholot'ii'al ih.mcr< m the liver, unless extremely high rum entraiHiim werr u-ed. Hom> ever.' anitnaU exputed lur mk weeks to five higher dik>nnatxi naphihalrnei in tow eunrmiratiotis regu larly hol marked liver damage, even (hough <hrv gave no diniral evidence oi <uch toxivity Iwiore ilraih. The tnaivity oi each <rnm(iund termed directly rcl.iied to its decree oi i hlorinatmn. W idespread liwr def'eiu-ratinn am exist for several months without producing any evidence of dl-health >n the animats, suggesting that ihc alterations take place slowly. Animals given a suMvihal >lue of clilorinuled compounds, when given a verv >mll <Ii>m- oi rarkirt leirjihtoriite immediately duvl, cvm tliough >uvh 4 small dose > hlonnanel diphi-itvl rvulu in a ivpe of liwr injury dmenog con- -idvi iUv irom the invr lenotu resulting from carhmt lelmchloride f.\ 6} and chh.rr.i.jmi (7> puiM-nmg. The changes resulting (rum exjevurt it, thx- cun ;<unds enipknerl in ihnr *ndv involved .ill fx>rii"ns '/ ihv liwr liihuie. evn ihougli ilu miital nK<rpho- higirat .iiangi s were more pr>m..unwd tn the liver rells nearrsi the liepalK vein* The changes were drgen- m nariirr. first vloudy swelling then Ulty intvl 1 ration *.ml i.iliy degenvr^iiMti t. iMnplete di.-iiiiepr.v- lion oi the cetl with area* 0/ nevruMS finally revultid. rygardlv** **f the method or admini-tranon Tins dv generation wa chwcacieriicd t>y acruninlauo> ot Urge amount* <' -veid. phiite he-line maierat. The cliaracteristics oi the liver rhangr* produced ran he I'Vjikv'llv ill' led. .n.l 'iW'itnmo rlv t'i Trying the Ivgree oi rxpi.jft I:?*--: cvwnir'jhon ilur:ng lite rrvi.iiv'l no '>gniliCdiil al'nornul.i.es jir-l (he miiiriog i oi ihve r"m;<ouil* wire nunt- lesiid ! Ii in ihe In er 1 h.- in\v(igatr vonehitUil l'"n' .Um- **j>enne; 1 > :.'mi low 11 nr > on niraiionc <1110. U ol>i:unrd n i .v- i i'i oi rhe more highh < hln*man >1 n.iphih.vleniM r.>! . hi..on ,ii-d diphenvls. ih.vn ir.r iri. hlorin iivj naphlK. Icnv. ii .1 swig environment i"f w-rknun .. in !* .. l.T.,1 S.Trgl'ii 'in|' and l>nnh'-if*/ 'ejs-riing on 1 hr \ I 'H.Uiion mi wire impregn-iOng ,<nk. using chlnr n;vte.l f\ydriv*rUvs. showed ihwi vhe mi\i<remefn inr ibc ventilation of uch link* varied greatly with ihe l)j- V. well o with ihe ( <> ihv link They -uv ge.| ih*r 11 \hjyi dm .bout 2 nnhv* high extendirj .ilong ihe lull Imgih of the unk with l.teral ventilauon wa 1 he m.ii elfes me method oi veniilai eg vtcS :anw f it i/.'. ,, 1 e;i .' .nsTTilr.Uoii oi .-.rm..u- . r --^h; .*. !en the 'i'.'grev . hWin.iimn h.id....... . . .Mr rrrei on ventdaiM'i. re'|mfemrnt. (iresnl.urg. Mavef and Sninh V/ m |hJ9 rr.ortf, li'fer . te .how.ng iht. iKs'urrmi e "i .rmoar logical ehunges m the liver >11 :h'si .-vun^ iJu'M known to h.ve brrf working with vhh/.matrd ruph'hv lenvs .(ml tiphemU They hrvetly sumrraarucd the svsienm etfrils resulting from this <*|..-ure .r.J male ri's'onimeudaiions inr prevention Urmker (Iff) in I0AV Tr|>rtril inrther observation, on the (ms.ililv stsiemiC toxinlv 01 certain ni the chlor- inaud hvslrorwrtmns. hrmn this studs he cnrtrludnl 1h.1t the |ierinisihle limit for air contamiruiiun with triehlor tia|dithalei<e w:i 10 in^'in irr u m.; fwr n -t. and peiita chlor naphthalene. I nigm. jw-r cu. m . for penia ..ml hr\w vhlor naphthalenes. 0 > mgm. tier cu. rn ; iml for the various chk>nnau-d diphenyls 0 S mgm per cu. m y'lenry. M.nr .ind Hitching* / II) m S'tW, reponmg on the meiaU'lism 01 chlorinated na|hihaime. vune>l that no 'tgmhcani storage of the m.ter:al cmdrl be n ivi'u-d m lung, liwr, *km or kidney, nor was anv tig' mruam amouni i-acreteil m the urine frith the and the dog apparently were .ddv to remove and r\ cretv the chloride promptly. \ ns* in ihe unnan eihere.il sulphate fraction, bui mi .ignitic.nl change m ihe neutral sulphur excretion. n mard anee ehJor- mated naphthalene ieeilmk'm the dog Rilev (I!) in 1`MJ stated that pui*nmng mat mull (rum mhaUti'm o( vapors. (ien pfologei the chlorinated 1naier1.1l (.'ranch/).*> in a recent prr*onal conmiumcaoon to one oi ihe iuthor>, slated that ihe edev`1 oi these aar> on ihf -km re*ullin( in the appearance i acne u m.t tidemimed hy the presence oi chloniH alone, bui >. due rathvr tn thv compiHiml vlfev 1 "l vhkirine >i"l v 1 if derivative. No such m*rkvd trndmcv in acne iut nialiod resull.* irmn exposure to chlnrnutvl petroleun leriv alive*, such * chloriM.iiisI pifartm When chlor- in,:Md naphihaleiiv i combtiieil wuh vhiormated di- phvivl .1 more active acne 1* produced Liver dmug, s iwA hk-ly u occur fuUowvng ex(evsurv to chlorinated naphthalene alone, but may incur from exposure t" chlorinated diphenyl combined wnh cldorniaied naph thalene nr <iher tar lU-rivatives The weriiy m ihe acne is not correlated m any way w-iih the Jegre* 01 liver damage which might <vcur Cranch suggests that other ia*tor- art- prohabiv m- 9 UO XOItl* ACI AoCUiT, 1 > MONS 097V21 >1 in hwiviug |i\i-f ;.urp <it ,ltliinn;iii,il n.i\C' alimc p>:ul (>r-.u|'hi 'Hii hi >h> ,\ Tin- m: .,n \\,t fu- i.,,i noted in ntn h4it<llliig mill ihr lini'hi'l prudini, Mill) :i.> ippr. i.iHc i.i^.r ck|a<t>urc Uf lie knew. i>" bier C4w' had Urn 4tiril"iu<l ( *km ;i'.-.r|i|i..ii, He iii;i;i'>i ilt:u il' HliM.f(("-n <11 du-e iiuK-n^l- thrmich the -kin : very .low v cmip.ired uith inhala ihsiKj.ii.m, Lrsmdi al-o ihm prevention hrt n die urr.iiv'i reduction oi 4por r\|i<*'tirc and 'km cnituit; icviind. on protection <<t the >ktn hi means of fol<l cream' md adequate bathing . Tc:: U'.ztfi b llm frta It an- lung been known tbm hlonnair.l iu|-.iin., I rues ind dipheml*. ..re 'kin irritant. Thr lr'im h.nc Uen dmcnlwd bv Schwari* fII) amI i.thr<. The etfovi* arc first noted on expo^d fKin"- cithr frn iurmt or from direct contact with thr chfnn.ils. t.vit;immiiK>n ut clothing results in more gvner.ilircd distribution of the irritant effects. In worker* with greasy skinr and hvjivrtrnphtrd wtvierous glands, ihe effect* are more frequent and .wm)*. Alter <xp-.nr, <>i about tin month', (tw workers fail to develop lesions. The skin affection usually begin* as a generalised lulliculitiv Occasionally there is diffuse pigmentation oi the skin of exposed arras. Later rtrmedimrs. acne* like pustules and sebum cysts develop Throe latter lesions (end to be chrome and on healing m.iy leave permanent Karo (iem-raliied papulo-puMular erup. turns have been .knbe<l, In the cases uhwrved m (hit mill the skin lrion* have been confined to the ex tensor surfaces of the amt*, the back of the neck, the mandibular surfaces oi the fair, and along the hair margins. The lateral surfaces of the thigh* have fre quently been involved. In addition to the skin legions, symptom* of sys temic poisoning have appeared in some workers. The first complaints sre digestive disturbance*, fniming of the conjunctivse. and in some instances sexual im potence and haeraaluria. It ia.not known just how frequently fatal poisoning results from absorption of these chemicals. It i* worth noting, However, that six workers, formerly employed in these two mills, have been studied post mortem. One of the port monems in performed by one nf us and the other five by pathologists in (his industrial area. We have had the privilege of examining the pathological material from some of these necropsies In these six caws. death was in every instance due to subacute liver luvrri'is. bine* subacute liver nnrosis is an uncommon disease amt since all six workers had Iwen exposed to absorp tion of the chemicals in Hakiwax and Arochlnr. it is logical to suppose that these chiiuieals were the cause of the liver necrosis. In all then- caw* the liver* were much reduced in ite. Their weight' ranged front -400 gram* to MOO grams. A review of the pathological thaiyjes in the autopsy material shows nothing of much ngnilicmee. except in (he livers. The hepatic lesions varied in character and intensity In the different cases, apparently depending upon the susceptibility of (he different subjects, or possibly upon the length of time of exposure 10 the toxic agents. Ml ii ih.i rk. 11 Ii ,1- I .iri'4' < >u IH"Mli-.| 1 clli/ t`> large 1 elfins h.|4d y>-' .111 Hi and . d with d., .rrh'.-i* * rver, there -ii The -ti'li . hennc.il iiiiuv 11 4: mi ilearli. Ii irrmi'i' ;in*l .. Ji.uipi ,'fv ip|.,rvnMs ..renpt- *1 In the :iutu|,>) material dnlirult i dnetm.ne "Hit )>>riinn oi ihr liver lobule i* pnnunlv vtfiMiil In -omr the m hole lobuk n involved, whilr nt utherv ihe Modes are *n ilrfomtnl that definite IncaliMtion i> nn|4<sviblr In general, n (ipear ihal m the more Cut*- ri'es. nr< r.i'ts of ihr liver cell' i- the primv ii iHirr In the mure fhimnc caws the liver neero'i' iv i- . Miijilkiiicd by Karring repair and rvgencraimn i liver tolmlt' Uah'uils .*a/*/o\tj: In the amm.il ex|x.-rtm-n!' which e have conducted, the chemical) u*-d were ib' -e rrfidarlv employed in and supplied In us by the mil ior this pgrpowc, They were Halewax and An'v'ulor >n rooerntrated state and dissolved m naphtha and troluutl. Thr effects of the solvents alone inaphtha and truluoil) were also studied. In ihr*- cxpenmenls while mire, guinea pigs and rabbits were employed. Three routes of introduction of the chemical* have been used--fir by inhalation, by ingestion and by ap plication to the 'km. The fir*t iwu avenues v>( abuiry- lion have been extensively mventigsird by other work er'. hut to the best of vur Imowleslvc there has been rw> svvtematic tudv of the systemic enects of skin absorp tion of these vhemicals. Obwrv-aiton at the plant leads us tu the conclusion that the skin is an important av enue of absorption of (hew chemical*. Therefore we have in our experiments directed particular attention to tbi_niode oi absorption. The inhalation and feed ing experiment! which we have carried out have ctm- /untied to tbv method* outlined by BctmeU, Urinkcr and Warren (4). They Have proven useful, as coo- iml. in gauging the importance of leskxia producrJ hy skin absorption. . The skin absorption experiment* were pettormed l'nr \hc iwii pari with rabbits. ApprisamudcW ^ 'quire inrhe< oi the hair on (be backs of a xno oi rabbits was removed with dippers, the ronaining hair hived off and the resulting small skin abruiuusu al l >wcd to hr.il tor three days. These experimental am- iimI' were kept in cage* alongside normal comru4 rab bit- 'o ml . 1 ml., and \ Vt ml of diluted HaSowax ami Ar<H'hli>r. conuining 0.8 gnn dry Halowax (h r ml and Oo gnu. Arochlor per ml . rcKpeetivelv was dropped ini the shaved areas hy mean* of a ralihraird 'yrinpr After allowing ihe chemicals to puriMliy dr for about five minute', the animals were retumnt their cages. Tile vulrslancet were administered dadv m tlv ilxive-desrdKd manner. Kecause nf psibir criticism that some of the chemicals might have been absorbed by ingestion or inhalation, this entire verse* oi rxprrtmem; was duplicated, following (He same pro cedure cited above, but with the precaution of covering the application arc** with molded celluloid guards. HOW* ACC. AUGUST, 1P4) 42 i MONS 097Vii Thee celluloid good* *rr :ii|f -n,J bcndinjf sheet celluloid mlo j.roper sha| i. iheir iharp edges with .adhe-iie i,i|<. After each ....dy skin application ihe guards were r<*fl.-.iml md lirmK strapped in place with jdhv-iic tape j-.vs.mg complete ly round (he animal*' l*hv- Thi> |ifr*ediirv > . lieve jirrclutltil an |>o-Mbdilt oi initiation or o.g.-.. iun ui the lo.vie -tih-ianco In no insunfc- r. the guards removed or ) ><.<1 tt*<I bv the animal-' nioieitur.n in iheir cage* To avoid -km irritation the -in.r -urI'aer- ihe cut'll- which **'hc come in .iiu.ict u-ili the -km were coati-d uiih va-*hnc. A third -erics of -kin .il.-ix-ption cv|*nnuoi- w .* conducted m a similar manner, except that before the daily akin applications were nude the .-haird areas were covered with a thin later of Protcfc, Thi- ubstance t a cheap and uiquifenily efficient type os cold cream used by mill worker-. Alter exf<riinent* with naphiha and trohiod .done, extending over lour nn.iiih-, no *mma< -honed am skin lesion resembling thoe yau-H l li.donax Arochlnr. either he inhalation infection or .km ah-orpfion. and no animal died oi whatever mild effectihre suboanre* might h*e caused We therefore trlt that the acne and the -ytemic effects observed in the remaining ex)erinurifl animals could not have been caused by either naphtha or trntuuil. The result* of all three method* oi absorption with Iwth chemical* showed essentially the same type oi >km toion and liver nni*u. It was found that the rabbit* were more uniform in their reaction*, and the do.ssge could he more canly evaluated. Therefore, all the last experi ment* were nude on rabbit*. The extent of th.- -km Irocnt and liver necrosis depended on the sue. fre quency and number of inoculations. Animals inoculated with large dose* ever- dav, whether by inhalation, feeding or *kin absorption, died before definite liver necrosis dev duped Animals Inoculated with moderate and small daily doses lived for longer period*, and at necropsy showed skin lesiuns and suhaevne yellow atrophy of the Iiht, simu lating the lesion* obeerved m man. Animals -acrificed after a short series of small dose*, showed slight to moderate degree* of liver degeneration, evidenced by fattv infiltration. Four to five days after the first dose of chemical wa* dropped on (h skin, at) regrowth of hair was com pletely destroyed. The skin Ixcame markedly red dened. small papules and hlil-rs formed, and finallv ihe external epidermal layers desquamated. '-upustular lesions developed which were very similar to those seen in man. On necropsy, the lv-r of ih ammais were (he otilv \iscent showing ,im definite changes. The animat livers varied in appearance l vtrmallv thev were.mottled m red. yellow anil l.rnwn. They were finely to coarsely granular, .md -bound no marked abnormality n -* On section. the Ion* of the animals receiving the smallest do-age -Sowed only a change in color. l-emg more !* dniu-elv yel low with no gross vvuleuic of tucro-o In animal- re ceiving larger or more numerous du-e* of iht- toxic -vihstance*, there were oi.hjuc yellow* areas of necrosis scatitfrd throughoui the hs-r -uh-tann- Thr leskm* were definitely vWfltbtrativ v >n tvp**. ranging front mMifatc di-gfe--* -.f fane .itgencrai'oii to marked hcf*atic degeneration and necrosis Those resulting from skin absorption of Jlalotvax and Anchlor were e*ttiaH* identical to ihe Icoon- |>ro>luccil hv inhalation of these *uh*ionrvs. The rabbit* treated 'i >:h I i. ..rk l i. ,| ( .*;>|,liv.i; m -i .,r ; Se . h< nn u |r, : *>. r -iri ;u-tv p-irii.tils |.r.,url-il mr{ ih< ihcm;j| jbsorp t... ievarde-1. IK.-- tir --mUr ;,U| m.ldcr >c.r .*-, .iv,-f le-imi-. \rifin.il ,v<mr..: inin.sl. ,n viu lO.niii, rt ;* the c.\|n-rnni nisi .imnt.il. -i, -kul lr- n ,o - .mil -l.-.wvd no iilt !( gi i-.i ' ;.-n of i-nr fleef i*i* it ai:l--|iv ta Sj!o2i;rt IVorii.i The nr-i -left i.iken -hotild thf H-rni:<i,n - r i\-.rkini' - nomtlee c>-i><i-oi<g t I- . .i .mtt.ortu . the iliiri t-nginerr, ihe chief ihemi-i ami ifir .w*u0'ig r plant phi sioan <>i ih>- noil Thi- ./.m-iniiec -k- v/d f< ifnail.lie practi- i! v h.mge-. >t her. . .1- I.r V* )-'v-ililc po.'ecl the workrr- -r.-m the ihe-e o-vic com|n/un<l- !r<-c ,i.ih.- . ! I"' die-*- .-fiiu-.d war rti.i:.-f;al- nn , -.iigt-. .n. u!j i,- adi.c-iied which will in anv -was -l. a .town nr pre- n-i.l ihe gri-.tr*t |--il,le pr--tuci i .;y -i| -uth rnivif `ant mill* I'O.lefttoii ii-.u-i C'in-1-' ,.t jireienii'.n fr- m ir.v su mm. mgc'iion and -kin ab*o--,->tir.n ni these -iieftcais Skin absorption, w hile long recoen'te': l . .H-ne-'orm erupti-m* ha- n-l m >.ur p-n.on ir(r>': pmje-r c-n-ideration iron the -tandpwmi or i*ifmi< effect-. Tomc effect- from inhalation are wtihmii ^uf: on ihe niot imt*<>nant Isecauwe of the speed of absorption and (hi- (rob.ihlv high .li>-.ig<- -i -ul> aS- -orl-cd Therrforx-. adt-,ii*li- terrtil.iimn .- in. t-e:k.>r-s- consnleraiion m anv mill The mill r*ms and mi-.ng houn -hould U- ventilatid by intake and exhauti ).ns of -ufticirni volume and irl'kUy to remove the m< ('nil of the itime*. Tbv diving Hities and drying oven* should be ade- i(u.ilelv i innUi-< and -ealed a* ncarb an iighi av p: u (icuble To accompli-h this Urge mta-e vetti- ihouid be pkned nrar the lha<r in the d>*>r> of the dnmj oven* l-irge high-veiicity ixhaust fans and an adr quale number of large exhxut stack* leading up ab*oe the roof of the mill should he installed. Nfter toe sti.ini in ihe drying .neto h i b-^o turned off. rreih cool air in-m ihe mill rs*m should K- pum;ic-J ihrough tin- .i-ii- for a -ulfioent tmu*. m -cffuirm v-.lume ar.d ni a vi-Wttv id wppruxtmatcly 20CUcuh it i-cr tnmute. lo lirmg down ihi len.peraiure ..f thr lining oven, to thnl of room temperature. U tore ofn-ning thru dn.n lo iin'oiid ' h.iilv .iiialysi* -hould W m.ide -( tin .r >n iSre .i in- They `hnuhl not be oinmi d ior unio.id ng until chnnic.-it analv -is revv-ds 1, -s ih.m d ' mg-n. "t chl-.r- me. i-si'ie'-ed-is Halowax of \ro-h]or ;<er cubic meti r I air The -Irying iul*c surrounding the wet impn-g il.ili-d c.ible should he 'ntil.*tvd bv -UCIe.ri .ij-jib.d n lie i ir i ml of the tubv* The .ir >"w ihrough the ill**-- -boilld l< 'UllkH-ill :! ih. illtr iI i.ibh 1-- a ivnipcratiiri wt which n<. -icntncam nn--in" - i given --if ir-.ni the cable .liter it lean- 'lie dn mg ml*- Tbs imj.regii.ioog t.H- -bonld b.n- ps-eii,tneiit.y hingv-l Cois-r- fillid with il.ingi - ih.| i-viml down w.ir.' wi-ide thf t ut'* to avoid -oiling 'he "tit- -If "i hv lank io-ni dripping fhe-s- lai* -hould ! ..-r-pleieK vinl'-C'l III I Ventilation hood, with .* lunged dieir m tr-.ni Tht-sf bo<Kj shtiuld In- ivtiihaird through a |.fo|n-fly ci'll-irticird laler.il <.\b,iii-l triiiil.i;i--n -ist.in N'.ifgl'-it. Sands and lirmkcrf-v/ nvoirin. tid - < x *21 tUMII *Ct *^CvlT HONS 097*23 ........' *|>|'r'.xMit.nri\ 2'mhv* h>xdi . \:vh !mis ,d..iu; ih disk. the *oll Ivrigth .i the l.'.nk jd.v - ! (.pr.5' >i.,n l ' mi, hes .d* a e the level <> the li.juiil in ili- ivpr.'.piait.,.. v-i. Wm,u> ui exh.,\i-\ should U m<d until (hr |trnj<vr |*c.-d i irnl>,a;M( l. lutttiC.d .n.d\ t ni ih- mr in in.nl i -rcK hri.nl In the c-.ld pnwe**, H*ln..\ and Ai.!,|.,r .ire d>> 'iifl ut Iduted vvilh *r>tuni> in nnvin^ \..l> The ami Ar<KlJr.r -h-iut-l lx mlnnluor.t ,r.i.. :h, unit a I'lilr mutual bundling a |*.s>.Mc The tals should lx kept cow-nd at ill nine. with a h.nipd Vtwer. ex.-rpt .1.(11 >c?,.Jly U,,,K lill.J Th ..rk- m,n should not i< lloYd to place liter msi.lv the>r vats, even ir (-.king th- |<ec;hc gravity of the mixtures. This on fiuulv Ik accomplished In a Ionic hannlcd glass thief introduced through a small opening mi the cottr ai the tank The spcvihc gr:.\iiv should he 'ibttr'f'l outside the tank, alter removing the dm i 1'r.s . henucab should Ik pi;'n|ed umu'lt t :1k niixotg S'.iisc to 4 loading platform through perni..unii inI with proper pate valves. Such p.j*-s should I*- cnnnrtied in' proper couplings to tank trucks. The tank trucks rilled with the chemicals should then W driven to the telling mill*. where th<> arc emptied into conveniently located diitnbuti.tn tank' Tin chemical compound should thrn be pumped or led lu gravity from the distribution tanka to the impregna tion vau through appropriate sited pipe*, not less th-oi 2 inches tn diameter. Separate lead pipes should c<- lend downward to the vats from the mam feed lines. F-Jeh pipe, iiitt hetore it empties ini., (he imfc.gnaln-n vats, should have a gate valve the full site .-t ih<- pi-,* and ><f simple design so lhai it cannot Iwennte `logged by the mucilaginous fluid. After the llutd ehentieal in the imprtgn*ium vats Leviatte* conLaminated by too much asbestos debris, the ' sludge remaining in the tank should he exhausted through exhaust pipes at West 4 inches m dtaivvter. connected at nr near the bottom of each imjiirgnatiim vat. Such axhauo pipes should Ik attached at an angle leading out from the back of the vatv and extend into receiving sludge van with a simple gate vale the full rise of the pipe placed near their lower ends. The rentatns of the asbestos sludge, which docs nt flow : > -t ,t- s( - ' .i-1 s*^V y*V ;.** ) \'\V% - KJ 5^ir.s '(, . * f'fs.l r 's . > - -.-.-i *r: AZret'Afe-t * ^7. :a "V*V^r*- ssafflSEy -`yzt Hvr**-* r '-n. ;:?v-!rj5,T, hHj. /--A/imam Liver: l.ate effeett o( Uver ,- crons. (lilt darts and capillaries, no liver tell r, t/t-nfra tion. FIG. I--Human Liver: /tight half of the field tkau-s destroyed liver lobules uithamt repair, the left half of the b>'ld thaws regenerated and degenerate / liver reds. FlC I--Rabbit Liver: Effects trf skin absorption of .1roehlar--moderate dosage -Kdf of the liver tells are r/Kyoc oad granular, the other half tontains large fat droflett The darker areas are haemorrhage. FIG 4--Kabht Liter- fleets of inhalation ( Hol'rwajr--lt dotes--thawing tomflete lltvr necrosis F/C. fi--Rabbit Lrtvr; Effects of skin abto*Hiatt of Halowaur, shotting complete Vtver netroiis. FIG 6~~Habbil Liver: Effects fif skin applieatutfi ' f Halfiwmf after applieatifin of Rratek, sUatemg par tial lever net-atit. */?>ViWy,sr'j r~r > *.K" 1 -x/ -j , n^--r^me w* -i--- ,^1's--~--- um* acc. Aucurr. *1 i MONS 097424 through hc should w.rapvd out of th wi and pushed into the sludge vats by men m .1 ii.g. Lxa^cd square-ended steel puddle. If the rxh.md pipe should become clogged by the thick mueilugmim* substance. a 4-toot long lire) poh rnl with .1 flat bell at its end should be used to push the nf.itrueo it; sludge into the receiving vat. lioih the paddle ami the push rod should be stored in a vertical metal con tainer. The sludge vat* should be of ll>e tmiul vjpaciie n> receive five largest amount ut iludjp- that may be cxha listed into than, and <11 appropriate hcighi and di ameter, so as not to obstruct the (wissage ways. All such vai* should he interehatigeable. The tnp* of these vats ihouid be eonsirv.otai so that their enure top. with the exception of a I-inch overhang rim, i open. A slide sleeve should I* placed in this over hang rim. A strong metal sliding cover should l*e pro wled for each vat. An n|*ning to receive the metal pipe should be placed >n the didv rovee, tilled with .so angle extension to receive tlx solid 4-ineh pipe trout the saturation vat. After the sludge vats have sedimented (or an ap propriate time, the g**d lluid Halnwax should he pumped into receiving tanks through .1 pipe containing a giit* observation window. After all the good chem. ical has been rrmoveii front the sludge vats, (he re maining sedimented sludge should lx dumped mio burial ditches by placing the vat* m an automatic dusping machine, so that nu hand will have to touch tlia edjea of the vat*. The vats should not be cleaned out until their inside surface* become covered with too much hardened chemical. The hardenc<l sludge i b'uas softened with an appropriate solvent and vcra;>ed off the sides of the vats with a long-handled squareended sted paddle. Elbowdenj'th, thin, impermeable glove* ihouid I* used by the oven when they adjust the nuts .vml screws of the mechanism in the vat*. They should he taken off imimediately, when the men have finished the job. to avoid excessive perspiration. The outside* uf the impregnation vat* should he frequently washed down with a proper solvent, to keep then* free front the toxic chemical*., After this above recommendations have Ucn ioilnwrd out, the personal factor has been almost ewmitletrl* elknmated. .Clean working clothes, consisting ni long sleeved overall* fastened at the neck and w mi*, should be provided. These clothes should be laundered fre quently, daily if possible. All eating of lunches, etc., should hr fnrlnddnt in the wnrkrourv.Csady. cigarette*. chewing gum xml mint ver,(J!;.''- r' - such nnturc hmtltl Iw placed in restv*er; ' * be provitled for th work .,*,7, swwl shower hailis *IimuM lx Ll:- ^',;b.knv*n coining in svock have thcu- ..,.w. ___ ..Ca the outside locker room and |..n through lb* ul'-ower room to thv in*ilc 1.*krr ns*in. where they put on their clean work clothe* and emir their hands, face* xml neckx with mnih- type of cold cream nr skin lotion. They ihouid then l>e checked out hy a checking system lietorc they are allowed to go into the null. When leaving work for lunch, ihev ihouid Ite checked back through the iii*mIv locker room, where they should thoroughly wash their hands, face* and necks with soap and water U'l'orc going to lunch. If they are going home they should also check through the inside locker morn, where they leave iheir mile*! clothes, lake .1 . .iniplel. hoi ms.,i shower bwlh ilhtn tore surtie'icm dmwvr kith* mould he provided) and arc then chetked nut to me "liter Irx her Here they put on their iirrel cl.uhei Th* 001 onl) protect* thr workmen, hut also ihor 1,mli. v n h.,> bem enn.vt. { H \ that wivtri handling wild w nhing >uch clothe* ami children playing with then ii'hcr wh<> he *' wear ing the soiled work rlothv* .nqu.re the same type m -km lesion in the workmen (hvmsclve* All new worker* >lwmld te i-xaimiwd by the m.il phy.Mcian. and nil men nl women with a hulurv ol previous jaundice, liver di>ca*e* or *km <heaics >h<>nltl lie rejected or ihouid l' placed m department.* where toNie Milm,imci arc not handled. All worker* m the mil* where cable* Mtturaled with rhl.routed naphtha lene* and phenyl*. whether wet or drv, are handled, should be periodically examined (nr vittn lesion* and systemic effect*. No women who are pregnant should k- allowed to work in these rooms a* are notable ur/ *-..*eeptihlr ;>> liver lovenn.i \!t worker* in ihe** mill rooms and ill new employees 'Would have 1 requeue [x-rindic laboratory lest* ntatle to determine whether or mu any liver .liifunctinn i* pre*eni Mich labora tory examination* should include Hanger'* leprulin- cholesterol dneculalion test, tiilirulnn content of the blond icrum. and icteric index. If am onr of the three iliow multi exceeding thv normal hnni*. the worker ihouid f*e rc-U-iivd wiliiin viu1 wn'k and 11 ueh *bic<- mality persists or increase* >mh workman ihouid ie removed irom thi* toxic hasard at once As tl is a known fad that other condition*. uch a* tjaHtro-mtcitmal upsets, etc . may cause one or more of these lest* to show' iramovm oiMler.iivIy dmormal lindings, the tint lest *hould ihm lie cun*nlerel cnnclu- *ivc. nor >liould inch workmen lie barred from their work imld such abnormal Andiug* pcrn*i or increase Vt presetil he N'ew York Male l-.w* rrldimg u hv.ddi in indunr.al plant* are placed mnli-r ihv juris diction of the Mate IV|Mfimcm of |.dr and the local health department. Where a countv hv.dtli ilepai tment has Iwcn estaliliihctl or where a jm.peris funciioiung citv department exist* most of the hc.dih hscsrd* m mduilry could be hamllvil more readdv In the l."K.d department than bv the slate. Thi* is due to the fad that the state ha* hut few employees m cover v large arm, while the lornI health ilepartnivni i* minieIi.vih' .ivad.iMc and ofieu nmrv i.uiidiar with loc.d ,onlituni .mil hence able to keep m clmw-r umtaet w i;h the mdu- try and over a long iserim! of lime if m-cc**ary l.iw'i ihouid Ik- passed making 11 iiecv**arv i>a medical direetnrx of mduslr.al plant* o- re|.ri at mice all tone disease comlitum* relating to tfttsn:J cinplov ment dirwtiy to the Iik.vI health depirmiciil. wlw. would then make an iim-iiiganon -n exi'img condition* and. if jMimhlv. arrive at the 'oltilimi of the dittictillv thm make the nece.n.vrv rvt'ommrndaiiooi the ni.luilii'l plant, also furnishing the *; ,iv IVpAruocoi of I.alur a re|x>rt of the uiv-iiigain.n .<nd ihe rs-eomnwivd hiiuh made. In case* where the mvc'ligation dm l..*e that more exu-mive work is needed or the *r\ise* i|n''iali*i* required, the Ih'partniviU l,d*r *h.>d.l then l called u|mri h< complete the wrk In ;lu* manner the tate could be *.m*l c..n*i>i i .hh mo. trouble and tie able to devote n*'f to more iitlvn*c*e work in oilier plant* where .1* ** rv.ee* were more urgently necdeil. . The re*)K>n*ihiliiy im1 the enforceniem of the U* relating to j.roievtiee tiKamre* in imiu*iri.d plant* h<mid he plaeed u)*n die l.wal hv.ddi lp..rimeot' 424 UIN> *Ct auCuST MONS 097425 1 ik li*a!:tie 'hrrc no C'lmpctenl or renpuntibl.: health .Jvpirifr.ent rxista, the >nv*.ng*iion ami enforcement should t< irudc by the Department of Ijb.r, A* prevent in W rtirhevtcr County there it a uaniurv code established bv thi County Health De|Mnm-n! whtch covers the regulations relating to towI h.-unlling. food inspection, duh washing, management of catetrria in jeneral. toother with sanitation and water supptwv These regulations are enforceable by the County health tulhonnes and are in addition to those covered in ;hv state sanitary code. Only by compulsory reporting of all taxi*. industrial conditions and the cooperation of the fate and local .kpartmemn with the industry can these conditions be eliminated. The plant management must be assured that the aim of such procedures it to aid them and that production will not b< interfered with. For over twenty year* report* have been published dealing with the toxic hazard* o/ chlorinated naphtha* lenes. Every one agrees that definite systemic effect* ean occur fnxn inhaling or ingesting these toxic sub' stance#. P.tcre is also 'ftneral agreement regarding the acnc-torm eruptions that are caused by skin contact to diem. To our knowledge no one has strewed the importance of the systemic effects caused by skin absorption. Tiierutore this publication i* primarily concerned with the systemic effects caused by skin absorption. It is very difficult in humans to prove that systemic effect* occur front skin absorption, because the work men quite naturally are subject not only to skin absorption but also to the hazard* of ingestion and inhalation. Workmen in mills far removed from inhalation hazards and working only with the cold finished impregnated wires and cables, have in many instance* acquired acne-form eruptions due to these chlorinated r.aphtiulcnes and chlorinated phmyls. None of ihcw workmen, as iar as we cxji ascertain, have shown recognisable systemic (fleets due to their absorption. This is understandable, as we know that liver function tests only show definite results when an appreciable liver degeneration hat occurred. None of the mx tslai cases showed any evidence of jaundice or other systemic effects until a few day* to a week be fore hospital admission. They were in contact with these toxic substance* lor period* ranging from two months tip to nine month*. They all died within nor m three weeks after hospital admission. AH of our experimental animals showed definite liver degeneration nr necron in > arymg degrees, whether or not thev were protected hy Frotek. when liquid chlori nated naphthalene or iliphrit)! was administered U dropping it on their shaved skin*. Every precaution possible waa taken to safeguard these animal* against the toxic effect* of inhalation and ingestion. Parallel experiment!' were conducted by iiihal.iti'm. bv feeding and by skill absorption. All three scries of animal* showed the same type f liver degeneration The difference in liver lesion* found depended entirely mi .U.sage and number ni inovulaiinus During the-*experiments, none of (lie animaU show ml re* ngnirable svatensix effect* until a few <Uy* l<(ore doth The animals killed during the ouise of the experiment' showed no recognijudde nlivi*. Every ammal killed dtowed tome degree of t>ver degeneration Normal control animal* showed i. liver 1rmoiu, V'JWrinieriu imd nl...,i. J,|.,, ,,^irO nsphthaliues and diphenvls uu>r wMrmic effects m ammals whon-vcr they absorb these toxic suhvtancct. whether by mh.dauon, ingestion or skin absorption. H would therefore >eem probable ih*i if experimental fnmiai, re.ici in ihi> way. mun will aUi. Mecausc of the aforementioned facts, rernminenila- tions were in.nlc \ the mill and wrrr n a great rumi followed mu For the past five months. nm one \u.gic asc of 'km eruption or systemic disease, ^rtnbutaole to ihe'v Ic.aic compounds, hat occurred in this miil Two ie.iih> and Iwt'vcen fifty and one hundred cases of acne-form eruptions occurred in this mill within the previous vx months, before these changes were insti tuted Therefore, the practical evidence would seem t<- indicate that ii the above recommendations are earned out workmen will be almost completely pro tected. The cost of such change* will be quickly absorbed by the saving in man-hours, lowering ot insurance rates and greater efficiency of the worker*. The relations of the worker* towards ihc management muni of necessity be vastly improved. 1. Studies concerning the toxic effect* of cblorin.ncd naphthalenes and diphenyls on experimental aiotn.il* arc reported. ,2. These studio were undertaken because of the occurrence of acne-form eruption* and deaths among workmen in two wire and cable mill* where these compounds were being used. 3. The compounds experimentally studied were administered to animals by inhalation, ingestion and skiti absorption. 4. Liver degeneration in experimental animal* it caused by skin absorption of either chlorinated naph thalenes or chlorinated diphenyl*. 5 Histological examination of the viacera of these experimental animal* showed that important toxic effect* are manifested only in the skin and liver. 6. The liver degeneration ha* been described and illustrated 7 The degenerative effect* in the liver have been shown to be essentially identical regardless ot whether the toxic substances were administered by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption. 8. Method* are recommended to safeguard worker* in mill* using these toxic compound*, 9. Laws should be passed making it compulsory for all mills using toxic chemical* to adequately safeguard their workmen from surh toxic hmarda. 10. inspection of the plants and authority to enforce protective measure* should be placed under the Department of Health. (1) Leluiuwin. K. H. "Kvrse* LrbrbucJi ikr ArWu umi (jrwerhrlivRim*.* S Hiricl. Lripdi. WW (p 2511 (2) Flinti. V II. and larvik, N. F.; .Action of Cceu.r* Odurmaitri Saidvthaleiw* un 'In !.*. Ps fir* H%J **4 \li. 1*. UK (IW>. fJ) Flint*. I' n.iml Jsrv.k, N. F. I.*vr Uviom t hv * lilnnnxutl Xat*ht**almc. .i"*' */ H)a. 22. IA <4> Kenncii. U \ . Prinkcr. C. K , and Warren, U. V Morplmlnen-al (Wire* 'hr Livrr* t Rax Resulting from Fvr*,i.r io Certain Chlnrvnated Hydeacart--ix / t*rno llyg. & T*x. 10. i (ISM). / Oanrinuvrf on fotfmrinu Pogt) ` XUOOIR ACC. AUCUW. *15 MONS 097426 IV, L. H. R. C. K. K, U<in, fc. U, Thwwi^ei. M .1, \\*a. H $,, m1 Um *r. U Muitr* die I'sih-Masrsi H-*-4>. K*;rrv WK*J CsrUe* Trtru'|il><rvJv Pwmxw. fluli /kw 34, U>; tp/JSs (I t'csnrrvn, i. R.. and ksrmwrsme. \\ a K . i */! TiwKkw* t.rrh*... m krUo*a> m* Lorr Keuenrr*' W / /a/S. $ Aar/.. 43, 1 1 Whiffy*. <V H. W Steers. J V iVkao-TV*. *** L-.v-r Ximni. lid K4|<ttr, AWI J<tkm ll.'trtm/ u*f. . m (iwi r <*> \srtkw. (. P. hands, f. \\ . mW rtrwfer. >' Vn0> ien / >\re lrnimrruilc Tank. Tunc '.hli.emsud Hydwehwu,. l. Imdmt* Hj* ,* T.-r, jo. Mil <|v,ut. '*1 >0f /Ill (I.'l (IJ* Ml >.M-rt.U.f,T L. M K. o.l ........ A K S)Vcmic Urrls irwii Kjifoxjff in 1 frit.a i iiU rmi4 ImJtii //v . It. II i|w.Si f>rifii,r. . K. Kurihrr <sy*crvkint. ui i.'w r.....l.:r >iefiii< T.-skiii oi wrum -< ilw Oii..nnif.l Hoi/-- nUi Suifrouei. >or IVniii.oi-U un.miri' ' fn ll* Air i InJu.l , J .g II. I?* Ofn, k. Ms*/. I. */vl Hut-in*. It T'e Mnatali*m it i 'hiweinsi**l .\4i-/iia*l<->ir ) in. k him 127. MU -!>/>. kilo. L i' /-J A*-7 , Pi . |wij. I 'WvK, A. I'rruial (wnmimfiii'fl Schwsri. L-' t\rir*i sr-ari >mWn. Hr.no a..l Utin. )->,t // II. ih H t*. I'f.fn 1 I I Fisdfc A NEW method of bunding natural or syuthenc nil* *; brr n> metal, or ptasiics to met*), rrcnitlv aiwnjncvd by the L*. 5. btonewanr Company. Akron. thio, manu facturers of Tyson umhetic materials ami corn**inKtiMBt e^cipmcnl. it reported to nut only Ju away with com))' bntt pUiing pmccowt. but u> develop * bond /rom three to live time* a* ttrunif. The new ositbod. known ai the Kesnitc Bondinf {'rwe*. Ucvclopa a bond between rubber and metal ranging troni VOOUtt./iq. in. to u* high a )2U0 Ibr. *|. in. >< a |>ull teU. Thi* compare* with bond* ranging I'rifn Zi*i 400 Um./M). in. obtained b)* prevent method* \M>Ue the bond develop* its maximum >trenwnh *t room temperature*, its strength over a range .-i --JO Ito as high as 300E. is said to be sulrsiannaily tnm^er than bond* obtained by conventional prixr-x. A national independent research Uboramrv. uing m'thf>U similar to those psxihrd bv ASTM. rr|*>ne*l a* fol low*: "Disc* of rubber, half an inch thick, were tub nnirnl heiwren two iccl discs, two Mjuare mv>tr. hi area, which had tarn cleaned am) coated with ICvanitv Ccmenl. The direct pull nrcrswicy to tear the apart was then determined i i at nawti temfieraiurv. <o) immeilutely after immer>ion in l<ilmg u.iU-i- i<>r me minutes, and ici alter beaiiii|i for 30 numiivv in an oven at JC0*F. The following ngurv* nrr u pical <h` tests made `luring the vear, alth>ugh in v'i.iiiler:liU numlfcr ft !'*< tdl higher hgurev were idfiumv-I." T? /ofdaeM ..f AWArf (f.w^ifc .</ .JrtTm/Jv- rva.ir// Avew Ttmfh'wumf IMat *eparati<<n 01 th- lev| <cumd under pull, m;! ,.U r jOO |4.und. The process i. simple in application The rurtaCei tle joined are Isnifhi-d. ;.n*yei or Jifijw! wi:h niear.:tr After liritig permitted t*. 'In' (nr an hour lh >ur;*icf. arc joined an-1 tlx unit vulcanized by any oi -.!< con lenti/msl methfal* It may also U- u*.| to (1111 im : ,l to tneul. or leather of */! in metsl or 10 each other The bond--met jl t-< metal* range* (ristt \ <Wt found* to a high .'is ),<*) lh. ui in. >ai a .`<aidiiiK`.l *H\ar*pull test. On bonds formril l<etwccn ynihrtic ruUwr and metal, plastic* and loeial or w>l .n.l metal, the ms tenals thcm*eKe> gatv nut talofc the Ivairl. The ko/niie joint i wnalfeeivd ly iri-S or .at: w.u*r 1* iiofi-eorroivi' to m-ial. \*< vcrlli-m rorr.<*oiirv*<latlCr m ilwlf. and h.* higii ilieiet'lrtc *lrvi*|*tf* While kt-sniir it lormulatnl through .yeti.- iii.-liin* lion* of muicri.il* high on the critical lut. H i* ai.oi.iUr >>r immediate hipment lor essential rnd-uei. PrvM-u: ap(*JiiaiMrtf inclmle fabrnaiiiai of airplam i.*citiU< * inoifsr imrunts, ts/und and vibraimn dani|<*`h*r*. 111*1/11 meni mounts, composite njetalli* an-1 )l.i*in mm., .m-l lank lining a**cniM*e. The kvwiiilr llfiifliiitf I'ruCT" *oil.d>k- f-r Ix.ii-Iiii.nnor-1 .>r ymhetfc niMwr. ir |lan. i.. ..ln..i al! metal*. itwi. atvel. 'taiidv'-r >leel. mwgnc>tun>. alumi num, aluminum *ll<<y>, v/j*fn-r. hrmwr nr t<ra>*. I'll*' 4CCmt|i(iting iMtiireln.n dv-w* a trl .snifU* alundnum. 5M in l"*tg by I1, m wile l<> I 1 ' if* ihn'k Umdnt to tire trr.id ruUrr *4 thick llu ruldier was cut away ira . a (rtiffti <<l the ..luniimm trip, ami Ciatventomal luwpiill iel were ..)f|flivl. MarvUrd *tvitwaii>m rail fr uch an awn>Wly i<. withMaml a flirevt pull ' P* |--umls. 1 hi thi* h-m n* / <! jhttnf',' ../ .f/.-oiimiff, or / / / . ' i: /' 1 / /' i" li.i k. ' ./( ; -4 I. .>, nr. 'f, h> ill.- I,<l 'I,- : 'II ||.> / /. 1 -n.l Buaaia *Cl *wC.wsT iJ HONS 097427