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J>n '//s/vk&x Industrial Hygiene Digest INDUSTRIAL HEALTH NEWS LITERATURE ABSTRACTS MEDICAL ENGINEERING CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGICAL LEGAL OCTOBER, 1968 (VoL 32, No. 10) INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION [( 3231 CENTRE AVENUE PITTSBURGH, PA. 15232 01 132 3835 1. -1. *w v<>~ vST' -v,- u! si- * * - * n' *. 4 < STv-f<^ *.sr 't' >v^ : i i.v ?J5 to1' J.A*J Hi;v 1 u:' &&7*r: 5 */'' . ' `Vir .-' to* ' ' Ohwilt'ar*'*'1 f l"[ r**P0"**bilif)f far --- i "--1--[- ujf **: & *:.r i". * ... ^ ..'. - mmmtnrrr^^r -V 1>..--V^ . , - -. " b wo, <* poSJTSJI^Sr *: *- ,-, ;" ? < :; j- .'; ^- ; , * - f . ' - -l . 01 132 3836 '- FOUNDATION FACTS NW_MEN1BRS^ IHF welcomes DL Skin Care Products. Inc. into membership. MEETINGS: The importance of sound scientific management of environmental and occupational health problems was emphasized m papers presented by outstanding speakers in the fields of industrial hygiene, law. rehabilitation, industrial engineering, mental health research and indus trial medicine at the Foundation's 33RD ANNUAL MEETING held October 13*16. l?68 at Chat ham Center. Pittsburgh. Pa. Transactions of the meeting will be published early in 136?. At the ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING OF MEMBERS October 15. the new Bv- Laws. voted upon and accepted by the Board of Trustees at their May 3 meeting, were ratified by the membership. Consistent with the new By-Laws. Trustees were elected for a one. two or three vear term to effect a Trustee rotation plan. New members elected to the Board are: Walter P. Cartun. Westinghouse Air Brake Division, Westinghouse Air Brake Company: R. Verne Righter General Motors Corporation; and William L. Sutton: M. D. . Eastman Kodak Company. Officers elected at the October 15 BOARD OF TRUSTEES MEETING are:. Chairman: G. Arthur Webb, Ph. D. Mellon Institute of Carnegie-Mellon University Vice Chairmen: Past Chairman: Miles O. Colwell. M. D. E. K. Davison Aluminum Company of America Davison Sand and Gravel Company Andrew Kalmykow Secretary: American Insurance Association H. H. Schrenk. Ph. D. Treasurer: Edward R. Weidlein. Jr. Union Carbide Corporation President: Executive Vice President: Robert T. P. deTreville. M. D. Harry M. Bowman STAFF ACTIVITIES: Dr. deTreville attended the AMA Congress on Occupational Health. September 30-October 1 in New York. Drs. deTreville and B. J. Lambiotte (IHF Resident in Occupational Medicine) completed epidemiological field studies in the Newark plant of OwensCornmg Fiberglas Corporation to which Dr. Jon L. Konsen. Medical Director of OCF. referred in his talk at the 33rd Annual Meeting, and participated in orientation meetings for the Licking County Medical Society. Dr. deTreville and Roger Wolfe ( independent film and television pro ducer in Pittsburgh for Post Graduate Medical Television Teaching Programs) conducted a dialogue on IHF as a presentation before the Oakland Rotary Club on October 31 in preparation for a post graduate closed circuit medical television program. IHF FELLOWSHIP GRANT; A grant of $8. 000 was awarded to the University of California. Berkeley by the Foundation to help support research in the Division of Environmental Health Sciences. School of Public Health, which deals with electron microscopic observations on the behavior of fibrous particles in filter media. IHF ADVISORY FELLOW; Retiring Truata* Dr. James H. Sterner. Chairman of the Department of Environmental Health. School of Public Health. University of Texas, has agreed to serve as an Advisory Felloes to assist IHF programs of biostatistical and epidemiological research. Formerly Medical Director of Eastman Kodak Company. Dr. Sterner was elected to the Founda tion's Board of Trustees in 1966 and his biosketch appeared in the Industrial Hygiene Digest in November 1964. FOREIGN VISITOR; Dr. Francisco Briggs Pecanha Medical Director of Eseo Brasil, an affiliate of Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, visited Dr. Paul Gross. Director of IHF Research Laboratory, and Dr. deTreville on October 30. FIBROUS DUST SEMINAR; A highly technical research seminar on the bioeffects of asbestos and certain other fibrous dusts sponsored by IHF and at Mellon Institute (see Editorial, p. i. this issue). Mellon Institute will 01 be held N1o3ve2mber3i8i 37 REPRINTS AVAILABLE: "Symptomatic Alveolar Mural Sclerosis." Paul Gross and Patrick J Clancy. Arch. Environ. Health 16:728-733. May 1968. "Ferruginous Bodies in Human Lungs Prevalence at Random Autopsies. " Michael j^, Utidjian. Paul Gross, and Robert T. P- deTreville Arch. Environ. Health 17:327-333.. Sept/ "Alveolar Proteinosis: Its Experimental Produc tion in Rodents." Paul Gross and Robert T. P. deTreville. Arch. Path. 86:259-261. Sept. i?'.8 PUBLICATIONS: The Third iiunrtorly. Report-- 1968 is attached to this issue of Industrial Hygiene Digest. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FEATURES Short term treatment of acuta burattia of tha ahoulder la diacuaaed in Abat. No. 933. Abat. No. 936 raviewa tha natural hie* tory of eubarculoaia in tha human body. Abat. No. 938 ia concarnad with occu* parlon, education, and coronary heart Pulmonary complicationa of tha burn patiant are atudled ia Abat. No. 962. Abat. No. 965reporteoa nickel earlobe derma titia. Information on myocardial toxicity from carbon monoxide poiaoniag ia given in Abat. No. 968. Abat. No. 939 inveatigatee tha effect of licorice on hypartanaion. Cigarette amoking during pregnancy ia diacuaaed in Abat. No. 950. Tha affect of araenic on inflammation ia daacrlbad in Abat. No. 9?6. Abat. No. 989 praaanta tha experimen tal production of alveolar protaiaoaia ia rodeata. TABLE OF CONTENTS THIS ISSUE CONTAINS ABSTRACT NUMBERS 912*1020 EDITORIAL Pane 3rd Ftbroua Duat Seminar..................................... Fibroue Duat Seminar Program................................ Thraahold Limit Valuoa for 1968................................ Nawa Itama......................................................................... ................................................................ 1 Coming Eveata..................................................................... ................................................................ 3 Legal Developmeata....................................................... Booka, Pamphieta and Notlcoa..................................... Induatrial Medical Practice.......................................... Chemical Haaarde............................................................ Induetrial Duata ................................................................ Phyalaal Anpoats of tha Enviroamant....................... Environmental Maaeuremeata..................................... Preventive Engiaooriag................................................... Community Air Hygiene................................................... ................................................................ 26 ; i Index ....................................................................................... Addreeaee of Jouraale Abetracted . ....................... : -* Ot 132 3838 Industrial Hysiene Dtmt October. 1968 EDITORIA L 3rd FIBROUS DUST SEMINAR In the peat six years, since coming to the Foundation, no single environmental health problem has consumed as much attention on the part of the Foundation as has the question of adverse health effects of asbestos and certain non-asbestos fibrous dusts. Asbestos shares with silica the ability to produce fibrosis in experimental animals and in man on a similar dose/time exposure basis; but it also has been shown to increase by a factor of about ten times the likelihood of lung cancer in asbestos exposed textile and Insulation workers. In addition pleural mesotheliomas have been reported in individuals whose exposure to asbestos has not been occupational, in whom asbestosls has not been found, and in whom the average exposure time has tended to be longer than that required to produce fibroels and/or lung cancer in workers exposed to hazardous concentrations. Progress in research planning in Industrial Hygiene Foundation, the United States Public Health Service, and Quebec Asbestos Mining Association was reviewed in the Foundation's Medical Series Bulletin No. 11 in 1967 and in an editorial earlier this year (Industrial Hygiene Digeet, May. 1968). Under separate cover official representatives of Foundation members have been advised of the program of die Foundation's 3rd Fibrous Dust Seminar, to be held November ZZ at Mellon Institute. Researchers from the Mellon Institute of Carnegie-Melion University, the Depart ment of Occupational Health of the University of PtttsburghCraduate School of Public Health, the Unive rsity of California at Berkley and theUnited States Public Health Service in conjunction with several invited scientists from other countries, will review preliminary research findings and evaluate their signifi cance in order to be in a position to apply what is already known to the best practical advantage and to help direct future research efforts. Significant findings will be presented later in appropriate publications. While only a few Foundation members mine or manufacture asbestos, control of recognized asbestos hazards associated with Industrial operations, products and wastes must be of general concern to industry. Those desiring to attend this Industrial Hygiene Foundation meeting should contact their company's official IHF liaison representative for further Information. (See Fibrous Dust Seminar Program on p. ii, this issue). --R. T. P. del Industrial Hygiene Digest FIBROUS DUST SEMINAR October. 19fcg sponsored by INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION / MELLON INSTITUTE November 22. 1968 Conference Room, Mellon Institute 9:00 a.m. WELCOME Robert T. P. deTreville. M. D.. President. IHF, end G. A. Webb, Ph. D.. Associate Dirsctor, M.I.-CMU, Chairman of the Board. IHF Morning Session: FIBROUS GLASS HEALTH RESEARCH IN THE UNITED STATES Moderator: W. Clark Cooper, M.D., School of Public Health, University of California 9:10 a. m. IHF Statistical Studies of Health of Fibrous Glass Workers H. Michael D. Utldjian, M. D., Asst. Professor. Dept, of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health. University of Pittsburgh 9:35 a. m. NIMA Statistical Studies of Health of Fibrous Glass Workers Lewis!. Cralley, Ph. D., Scientist Director. Assoc. Chief, Occ. Health Program, Field Studies, U.S. Public Health Service 10:00 a.m. Session Break 10:1$ a. m. Pathological Studies of Respirable Fibrous Glass Dust With and With* out Phenol Formaldehyde and Textile Binders Paul Gross. M.D.. Director of IHF Research Lab. 10:45 a. m. Physiological Studies of Health of Fibrous Glass Workers Benjamin J. Lambiotte, M.D., IHF Resident Fellow in Occ. Med. 11:10 a. m. Radiological Studies of Health of Fibrous Glass Workers Jon L. Konsen, M. D.. Medical Director, OwenS'Corning Fiberglae Corp. 11:35 a. m. Summarisation - Morning Session W. Clark Cooper. M.D. 12:00 noon LUNCH Afternoon Session: BIOEFFECTS RESEARCH FOR UNITED STATES ASBESTOS INDUSTRY Moderator: Lewis J. Cralley, Ph. D., Scientist Director. Associate Chief, Occupational Health Program* Field Studies. U. S. Public Health Service 1:30 p.m. Asbestos Exposure in the U.S. Textile Industry--1930 to date Joseph L. Goodman. M.D., Medical Director for Research, RaybestosManhattan. Inc. 1:55 p.m. Statistical Studies of U.S. Asbestos Textile Workers Philip E. Enterllne, Ph.D., Professor of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh 2:20 p. m. Studios of the Pathogenicity of Synthetic and Natural Asbestos and Brake Drum Dust: Progress Report Paul Gross, M.D. 3:00 p. m. Pathological Studies of Ferruginous Methodology Instrumentation Basic Considerations Discussion Bodies H. Michael D. Utldjian. M. D. Martin N. Haller. Fellow, Mellon Institute-CMC John M. G. Davis, Ph.D.. Dept, of Pathology. University of Cambridge, England Paul Gross, M. D. 4:00 p. m. Summarisation - Afternoon Session Lewis J. Cralley. Ph.D. 4:20 p. m. Concluding Remarks T-~ ^ Robert T. P deTreville. 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Jt I j't I < 3 5 October. 1968 Volume XXXII No. 10 Industrial Hygiene Foundation 5231 Centro Avenue Pittsburgh. Pa. 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Literature aad News NEWS ITEMS 912 Asbestosis Classified on X-Ray Severity. To clarify the "international problem" of asbestosis--a disease of tha lungs found in asbestos workers--medical representatives from a number of countries are classifying the ailment on tha basis of its severity as seen on x-rays. Dr. Benjamin Faison, director of tha department of radiology at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center and a member of that group, has recently returned from a meeting in England with representatives of Great Britain, Canada. Germany, Finland, and South Africa. He is a consultant in occupational health to Che U S Public Health Service. This is not a common disease viewed in relation to total population, but it is a major occupational hasard for insulation workers such as pipe fitters. Or. Felaon points out. --Air Eng. 1_0, 13 (July. 1968) 91 3 Generic Drugs. "The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has in no sense concluded that generic drugs are less affective as a class than brand-name products. " FDA Commissioner Herbert L. Ley said recently. "There are fewer than two dosen drugs where therapeutic differences among competing products may be a problem." he added. Dr. Ley's comments were made in response to a report recently on the studies of three drugs by Dr. Christopher M. Martin of Georgetown University, whleb questions the effectiveness of generic versions of drugs. "Data from the Georgetown work have bean useful to FDA. but it is completely unwarranted to reach any general conclusions about drug equivalency on the basis of these exploratory studies. " Dr. Ley said. Of the three drugs tested, only chloramphenicol showed a clinically significant diffsrencs in blood levels, the FDA commissioner pointed out. --Cham. Eng. News 46 47 (Aug. 26. 1968) 914 Lithium Carbonate. The usefulness of lithium carboaats in treating mania aad preventing depression will be the subject of a systematic evaluation by a number of institutions under grants from the National Institute of Mental Health. If proven effective, lithium carbonate, an inexpensive white powder, will be an important weapon in the treatment of manic-depressive psychosis. This disorder affects many people aad le present in a sisable proportion of the nation's 250. 000 suicides each year. -Chem. Eng. News 46. 57 (Aug. 26. 1968) 915 Dimethyl Sulfoxide. The rood aad Drug Administration (FDA) will soon relax its restrictions on dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), mainly by loosening the rigid prior approval once required for clinical use of the drug. The IDA banned clinical studies with DMSO la 1965. But la late 1966 the drug agency partially lifted the baa to allow clinical studies with tha pulp-derived drug under guidelines set up to give patients maximum protection. --Chem. Eng. News 46 47 (Aug. 26. 1968) 916 New Warning on Sniffing, Du Pont is issuing its second strong warning in less than a year of the danger of Intoxicating oneself by deliberately inhaling the concentrated vapors of aerosols aad other products. Fourteen deaths have been reported this year as attributable to the practice. The Du Pont warning, issued - V- * 1. 01 132 3830 Industrial Hygiene Digest October, 196a on behalf of U.S. nuktri of fluorocarbon propellants and rafrigaranta. ia part of a wida affort to atop auch miauaa of the produeta. The ao-called sniffing" atartad laat year with cocktail glaaa chillera and haa apraad aince to other produeta. The apacific cauaa of the daatha that have occurred haa bean difficult to aatabliah. It la known, however, that audden death may occur when the lunge are filled with concentrated vapora of aolvente or propellante that contain little or no oxygen. The propellant uaed moat in fluorocarbon-based aeroaol apray cana ia fluorocarbon 12 (dichlorodifluoromethane). Six companiaa in the U S. now make the product --Cham. Eng. Newa 4b, 102 (Aug. 26. 1968) 917 Sulfur Content of Coal. Restrictions on tha eulfur content of coal have drawn new fira from induatry. The National Coal Policy Confarenca claima that tha uaa of low-sulfur coal "leada to tachnical and economic problema which could reault only in higher coata for electricity and Impairment of tha reliability of electric eervice." The Conference baaea this claim on tha flndtaga of a new aurvoy by National Economic Raaearch Aeeoclatee, which aaya that many boilere uaed to produce electricity are deaigned to burn high-ulfur-content coal. Subatltuting a different typo of coal may cauae aarioua problema with many of them, it aaya. and rebuilding boilera to accommodate low-sulfur coal ia often too expenaive. Alao, it claima. aubatituting low.eulfur coal may "dlmlniah the efficiency of varioua air pollution control devicea. auch aa electroatatic precipitatore, that already have been inatalled by utilitiea at great coat. " .-Cham. Eng. Newa 46. 61 (Aug. 26. 1968) 918 Oil Companiaa to Combat Pollution. Oil companiaa will apend about $382 million thia year to help clean up tha natloa'a air and water waya. according to a now etudy by tha American Petroleum Inatitute. Thia will repreaent a 6. 7% incraaaa over the $358 million tha induatry apant laat yoar. A breakdown of tha 1968 aatimata ahowa that $223 million will go to water pollution control, tha root to cleaning up tha air. Cham. Eng. Newa 46. 27 (Aug. 26. 1968) 919 Flre'a Tragic Toll. In tha United Statee every day. fire takea thia tragic, often needleaa. toll, according to National Fire Protection Aaaociation reaearch: 33 Uvea: 1. 527 homaa: 20 achoola; 9 churchee; 13 hoapitala and nuraing homaa; 130 atorea; 123 induatrial plant a. Laat year aa aatimatad 12. 200 livea were laat in firea in tha U.S. About 6. 500 of theae deatha reaulted from firee ia one- and two.family houaea. Approximately one*third of tha victlmo of firea are children, and about one of every three children who din in fire is alone whan fire breaka out. --CHpaheet. Natl. Fire Protect. Aaan 920 Radiation Victima Aak $9 Million. Tha two moat aeveroly "burned" victima In a dramatic and atlll.unexplained radiation mia hao hare laat fall have sued tha producer of tha equipment involved for a total of $9 million. Edmund 1. Cswalga. 40. of Chaawtck. Pa., haa auod High Voltage Engineering Corp.. a Massachusetts firm, for $6 million damages In the accident, which, tha ault chargee, coat him both hand* and one log, Jock P. McCandleas. 32. of Natrona Height*. Pa., who, the suit aaya. auffared -- along with Mr. Cawalga -- "acuta radiation ayndrom*. " ia auing for $3 million for tha accident Oct. 4. Tha two. both employee of Gulf Raaearch and Development Co., Harmarville, Pa., charged In Federal Court that they abeorbad damaging doaaa of gamma raya from a 3-million-volt Van da Graaf particle accelerator while at work. The two charge that the interlocking safety devicea of tha potentially dangaroua machine all failed In some unexolained manner, thua permitting it to give off ray* while registering "not operating." The accident received worldwide attention when the two, and a third Gulf employe. William C. Zamla. 31. of Natrona Heights, Pa., -- less seriously injured -- were treated with elaborate precau tions by a team of medical man from several stats* at West Penn Hospital. The suits charge that Mr Cswalga and Mr McCandlass were rendered sterile and more susceptible to leukemia bv their experience. Mr. Cswalga. who received A dosage that usually proves lethal, was saved 2. 01 132 3851 Industrial Hvsiane Dlseat October. 1968 partly because hi* temporarily destroyed white-blood-call, disease-immunity ayatam waa revitalised by blood transfusions from an idantical twin brother. Although Mr. Zemla waa out of the hoapital by Nov 9 and back at work by early February, the other two victima fared lea* well -Pittaburgh Praaa. Seot. 25. ' ">68 Editor1 a Note: The following abatract of an editorial in the New England Journal of Medicine 273. 714 (Sept. 26. 1968) will be of interest to Industrial Hygiene Digest readers: "Radiation must be accepted aa a tumorigenic agent in man. Skin cancer, which followed radiation-induced dermatitia and ulceration, made martyra of early roentgenologiata. Oateoaarcomaa and carcinoma of the paranaaal ainuaea reaulted from ingeation of meaothorium by many radium watch-dial oatntera. Hundreda of theae workera ara atill being atudied to aacertain other late effecta from thia unique radiation expoaure. Thyroid tumora. including cancer, have been found in people expoaed to fallout and atomic-bomb radiation. Furth and Furth. 1 in 1936 demonatratad a high incidence of leukemia in mice after expoaure to radiation. Accordingly, a ayatematic aearch waa made for leukemia in the Japaneae atomic-bomb victima. and indeed it waa found -- the incidence being proportional to the doae of radiation above 100 rada. Sevaral atudlaa in mice and rata have ahown that radiation produeea dtverae mammary tumora after aingle doaaa and protracted expoaure. The reaponae in rata la linear between 25 and 400 rada. * Tha yield of tumora waa auppreeaed by ovariectomy. Irradiation of mammary tiaaue alone or in vitro with autotrana- plantation waa sufficient to induca tumora. 3 MacKensle4 auggeated that the incidence of mammary tumor waa increaaed by extenaive fluoroecopy. Mettler et al. * have retroepectlvely followed women who had received radiotherapy to a aingle breaat for maatitia. Tumora appeared in higher incidence in the Irradiated than in the nonirradiated breaat. Now, in thia iaaue of the Journal. Wanabo etal. ^ report that the incidence of tumora In the breaata of the femalea exooaed to atomic-bomb radiation at Hiroahima and Nagaaaki la Increaaed and. In contraat to nonaxooeed women, occura in the premenopauaal period. The aeaociatlon between radiation expoaure and breaat tumora in women haa now been auggeated in three atudiea. Though atill tanuoua , thia aaaociation demands continuing critical atudy...." Thoee intereated should also see "Acute Radiation Syndrome " a new IHF Medical Bulletin No. 14-68 --R. T. P. deT. 1. Furth. J. , and Furth. O. B. Neoplastic diseases produced in mice by general irradiation withx-raya. Am. J. Cancer 28. 54-65.1936, 2. Bond. V. P., Cronkite, E. P.. Lippincott, S. W.. and Shellabargor. C. J. Studies on radiation-induced mammary gland neoplasia in rat, m. Relation of neoplastic response to doae of total-body radiation. Radiation Research 12. 276-285. I960. 3. Shellabargor. C. J., and Schmidt. R. W. Mammary neoplasia following in vitro x-irrad iation of mammary tissue. Nature (London) 218. 192, 1968. 4. MacKensie. I. Breast cancer following multiple fluoroscopies. Brit. J. Cancer J_9 1-8. 1965. 5. Mettle r. F. A.. Jr., et al. Breaat neoplasms in woman treated with x-ray for poat-oartum mastitis: preliminary report. Submitted for publication. 6. Wanebo. C. K.. Johnson, K. C.. Sato, K., and Thoralund. T. W. Breast Cancer After Exposure to the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. N. Engl. J. Med. 279. 667-671. Sept.. 1968. I COMING EVENTS 1 / 921 Now. 1. 4 Association of American Medical Colleges. Houston. Tex. Now. 4- 7 American Institute of Ultrasonics la Medicine, New Orleans. La. Now. 6- 8 Pittsburgh Diffraction Conference. 26th Annual. Mellon Institute. Pittsburgh. Pa. Now. 6- 9 Conference on Respiratory Therapy (Annual). Boston. Mass. Now. 7- 8 American Academy of Compensation Medicine. Meeting on Medical and Surgical Proble'ms in Workmen's Compensation. New York, N. Y. Nov. 7- 9 American Society of Cytology. Cleveland, Ohio. Nov, 7-10 Association of Clinical Scientists. Annual Meeting, Washington. D. C. Nov. 10-14 American School Health Association. Detroit, Mich. Nov. 10-15 American Association for Inhalation Therapy. Houston. Tex. Nov. 11-13 American Association for Clinical Immunology and Allergy. Las Vegaa. Nav. Nov. 11-14 Interstate Postgraduate Medical Association of North America. Pittsburgh. Pa Nov. 11-15 American Association of Public Health Physicians. Detroit. Mich. Nov. 11-15 American College of Preventive Medicine. Detroit. Mich. Nov. 11-15 American Public Health Aaaociation. Detroit. Mich. * 01 132 3852 3. Industrial Hygiene Digest -October. 1968 Nov. 13-15 Parentsral DrugvAssoeiation. Anhual Convention. New Yorki N. Y. Nov. 15-18 American ,ispooch'."oiui';Horing AsSpeiatt6h.'.iOenyer. .(GoVo:'.'.<.`4^';,, Nov. 1 8-20 American petroleum Institute,' Annual Meeting.CHicago, III. V;: Nov. 18-20 National Fir* Protection Association. FaUConference. Milwaukee. Wla . Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. 18-21 18-21 18-21* 19 .: Conference on Engineering in Madicina and Biblogy (2laic Annual). Houston. Tax. 14th Conference onMagnetlsmandMagneticMaterials. New. York. N- Y Symposium on BasicMechanisms Ofktto. Epilepsies. Colorado Springs. Colo. Air Pollution Control Conference.;'o(',Miiaoaci.' Columbia. Mo Nov. 19-20 Council on Atlia'riooejaroaifU;Amoriea\Ha4rjt''AaanV).:i Bal Harbour., F.ta. - Nov. 20-22 "'Aluminom AaaociatioW;,sFaU^alattog^;j:NawXy,orit.VN.'VY':'. "''iV''' Nov. 20-22 Nov. 21-25 National 'Sociaty^or the PreyenrtonVf., Bl'lndnaao^ Inc/^Annuaji Conference)., % "i Cj Now York. N. Y, ..... ............................................ Amorlean Heart Association. BaL Harhour,. Fla Nov. 22 Industrial Hygiene Foundation, Fibrous Dust Seminar, Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh. Pa Nov. 26 Manufacturing Chemists Association. Semiannual Masting, New. York. N. Y. Nov. 30 AMA National Coaferenee on Community Health Planning, Miami Beach. Fla. L S C A L D E V EL OP ME NT S 922 . Safety and Health Regulations for Shtp Repairing, Shipbuilding. andShlpbreaklng. ... Notice of proposedrule making is made pursuant to Section 4l of the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation .Act (Slj.'uV^.-C^^^ll^ta^i^^/.M'CPBr^Pnfta 1501., 1502. and l 30?. \ ' Th* changesare proposed in view of the need to dalinaata tho Informations be obtained by tha employer in order to meet therequirementsoftheseparts. Wrtnendam.vtewo.orargument 1 regarding tha propoeal may be filed by mail..srith the Director. Bureau of Labor Standards. U. S'. Dapartmant df Labor. 400 First Street N.W.. Washington. D. C. 20210, within 60 days v ofior this document is published in the Fadaral Riigistar. ;In 29CFR 1SOI.;57, paragraph fd)` would be revised to'read as follows: l SOI. 5Y Health and'sanitation. (d) The information which must be ascertained under paragraph (a) of thls sectlon includes informstionon all of the items listed below which are applicabletotka specific product or material: (l) Manufacturer's name, address. and telephone number . (2).. Chemicalname and .synonyms.'".trade" name.', chemical ; family, formula, and general'desc`rtptipn^p|'siagle chamical. mixture ofchemicals,-or basic structural or process mj^rial. (3) Chamicai names of Ingredients, such as hut apt limited to those of mixtures, such as paints and preservatives, of alloys, filler metals, and welding rods, of platings, and of abrasive blasting materials. (4) Physical data, including Boiling Point, in . degress Fahrenheit; Vapor Pressure. in millimeters of mercury: Bald Vapor Pressure, in" /'pounds per square iacblabaolute; Vapor Deaalty'.of jgaa orvaporfair-1); Pressing point, `in' degrees Fahrenheitl Sdlubility la water, lnpercentby weight^Specific Gravity of liquid (water-1): Percentage Volatile, by volume; and Evaporation Rate for liquids (ether-1). (5) Fire and explosion hasarddata. including Flash Point, in degrees F*hreahalt; Autoignition Temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit; Flammable klmitsVjin percent by volume la air; Suitable extinguishing ' media or agents; Special fire fighting procadureo; aad Uausual fire hazards. (6) Health hasard data, iacludiag'Threshpld Limit Values, in millions of particles per cubic foot of air for dust, in milligrams of particulate per. cubic meter of air for fumss, and In parts per million parts of air by volume r gases sad vapors; Odor Threshoidi. in parts per million parts of air by volume; Tootle characteristics; Signs of polsoning; Short Exposure Toleranca. in parts per million parts of air by volume ;aad Firstaid exposureprocadores. (7) Reactivity data, including Stability; CbmpatajMllty; Decomposition products; and Polymerisation rate. (8) Spill or leak , procedures and precautions; (9)3pectal precautions rscommsoded, including respiratory protection; ventilation, such as local exhaust, mechanical. special, or other; personal protective equipment, including protective gloves, aye protectioa. and protective clothing. (10) Handling and storage precautions. The required iaformation ahall be entered on U.S. Department of Labor Form LSB OOS-4. "Hazardous Material Oata Sbeet. " or on an essentially similar form accepted by the Bureau;,of Labor Standards. The completed form shall be kept on file, available for Inspection, 'for a period of at laast l months from the date of the completion of the job. Similar changes are noted for Paragraphs 1502. 57 and 1503. 57. (F;.R> Ooc. 68-10156: Filed. Aug. 22, 1968; 8:45 a; m.) / --Federal Resister. 33. No. 165. Aug. 23. 1968, Editor's Note: At-the suggestion of the Foundation's Chemical-Toxicological and Legal Com-.; mittees and with the approval ofthe Foundation's Board of ,Trustees at its October 14 mssting,, request has been made hy Industrial Hggie^^Foundation to appear and offer technical advice if hearings are held.-:. --R. T. P. deT. 4."-v'tr Industrial Hygiene Digest October. 1968 923 Labor Secretary Proposes Stronger Health and Safety Standard* Under Walsh-Healey Act. Sec ratary of Labor Willard Wirtz today proposed revision! which would strengthen the safety and health standards of the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act. This Act sets basic labor standards for work dona on United States contracts over S10. 000 in value. The proposed safety and health revisions would: (1) Limit the level of occupational noise to 8S decibels, establishing the first Federal occupational noise regulation. (2) Make acceptable under the Act safety and health standards developed under the consensus principle by nationally recognized standard*setting agencies, such as the United States of America Standards Institute. (31 Adoot radiation standards developed by the Atomic Energy Commission. (4) Adopt certain safety and health standards developed by the Compressed Gas Association, the National Committee on Traffic Safety, and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. I 51 Establish threshold limits for exposure to toxic materials. If adopted, the proposed standards will revise those issued in December. 1960. These standards codified safety and health requirements under the Walsh-Healey Act for the first time. The proposed revisions incor porate recommendations offered at public hearings and at meetings with industry and labor. Complete text of the proposed revisions will be published in the Federal Register on September 20. and a public hearing on the proposals will be held at the Labor Department in Washington beginning November 6. --U.S. Dept, of Labor News Release. Sept. 20, 1968 Editor's Note: Regarding the above news release, the following information contained in a letter from George D. Clayton, Executive Secretary. American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA). dated October 3. 1968, will be of interest: Dr. Van Atta called today and pointed out two omissions in the regulations proposed by the Bureau of Labor, as printed in the Federal Register dated September 20. 1968. These are: (1) Words underlined were omitted in the following statement: The proposed noise level is 85 decibels on the A Scale slow response. (2) Entire statement should be added to the tail end of Paragraph A. 'If the noise levels cannot be restricted within the maximum professional level by such methods, employees' hearing shall be safeguarded by adequate, professional, protective equipment.' " Reportedly, the National Safety Council and the AIHA are prepared to offer testimony at the November 6 hearings. The complete text of the above reference is on file at IHF headquarters and may be made available to IHF members on request. --R T. P. deT BOOKS. PAMPHLETS. AND NOTICES 924 Publications From East Germany. Arbeitshygienische Information Bauwesen. Vol. 4. Nos. 1. 2 and 3 (1968). Arbeitshygtenischa Information, No. 5 (1966) and No. 8 (1967). A rbeitshygiene uad Arbeitsschut* im Bauwesen (1966). Ergonomie Afbeits-uad Gesundheitsschutz Bau. No. 1 (1967). Jahresberlcht (1967). All periodicals available from VEB Verlag fur Bauwesen. 108 Berlin. Franzosische Strasse. DDR. Germany. Subjects covered in the above listed publications include: occupational medicine, occupational hygiene, occupational physiology, occupational psychology, construction hygiene, prophylaxis and rehabilitation, geriatrics, noise problems in industry, lighting problems, and first aid. Reports from the surgical and accident, women's, dermatitis, throat-nose-ear. eye, stomatology. x*ray and physiotherapy divisions are included, as well as material on legal aspects, publications, lectures, etc. --J- Metschl Editor's Note: The above publications have been received from H. G. Haublein, M.D.. who is in charge of occupational medicine in East Germany. His annual report for 1967 was enclosed in correspondence, which is translated as follows (translated by J. Metschl). dated August 6. 1968: "We note with interest the recent publication of your 'Industrial Hygiene Highlights' and request a free copy in order to bring this work to the attention of our readers concerned with industrial hygiene in the construction industry. We would like to receive further material in the field of occupational health and safety. We enclose some of our material related to the 5. 01 ^r Induatrial Hvtiana Digaat October,,!969 abovefielda. , With greataat reapect, (aigned) Direktor: OMR Dr. H. G. Haubleia. Deutacha Domokratiacha Republik. 102 Berlin, MagasinatraaM 6>7, Germany. " Theae. publication, which are written entirely in . apparently areatraight forward and hot political in nature:' Digeat; readeraintereatedlnihduatrial hygiene practice a in Eaat Germany may find in auch-publlcationa a aource of uieful information not ptherwiae eaaily available. IHF review copie'e^ill be Vetainbd temporarily "to determine if there.ahould be intereat on the part of the'F-ouhdatiph'a^mem&bra^i|>'''ih;induathiai(hirgiane pYacticea and'" problema in Eaat Garmany. --R. T. P. deT yitfe. ' , . s- _\ ,rf'V * I N DUST RIAL MEDICAL PRACTICE I ; '' - t '\-y W925 Crlaia in Our Time. E. G. Oimond. Arch. Internal Med., 2T. 171.178 (Aug.. .1968). 'i ' The phyaician deala with individuaila one at a time. It la , natural fpr Mw to consider group plana o'r undertakinga aa alien to hia ehd-Hla patient' we Ifare. Yetmedlclne la a public aervica function and the preaent aoclal revoluticin la involving medicine, whether or not the phyaician. * dealraa it. Recant medlcal Organlsational and legialative eventa relate to concept* of compre- henaive medicine,and the pera onal phyaician. Health argumenta baaed on aubetantlal differencea are ahaping the future'of'phya^^iw''a^'"'prae^ee!n|:; '<3*T} . '.-X'- ' V.Am; Med. Aden. Referencea b Reviewa * I 926 To Meet the Natton'a Health Need a. (1968 ShaituckLecture to the Maaaachuaetta Medical Society, Boaton). R. Q.Maraton. -New Engl. J. Med. 279. .520-524 (Sept. 5. 19^8). /* ' T", ....... .... Phyaiciana tend to have trouble with thia widOepread public clamor abbot the beet medical care for all. On the 6hia^ba^r' maay ,beUeve4t'impliai;undoe cHttciem W the meitteal profeeeion itaelf. becauae eachdoctoraa an individual haa accepted the beet & care, aa a pereonad mandate throughout hia career. Secondly:; It ia aeen aa a promiae that cannot be fulfilled, not only becauae of the limitatione of reaburcea and mechaniama but alaobecauae. the coaeomer himaelf haa a dominant role in defining."the beat ofmedical care" -- a role we cannot and perhapa ahould not control. Thomaa Jeffaraon.; in juna. 1776, in drafting the Oaclaration of Indepandence. amphaaiaed that; hit war giving expraaaion to widely held viewa when ha wrote: "We hold theee I trutha to be aelf-evident,...." It la alao aeli-evident that the medicalprofeaaion ia deeply committed to meeting the . health needa nf the nation and that although We face a time of unparalleled challange w alao face atime of unparalleled opportunity. Tide. if you will, la a kind of declaration of interdependence. There .are high'.hppea'; throughout the world that we in thia ' . country can demonetrate the aame typee of accompliehmenta in.' healthcare that wehave demonatrated in other areae.euch aa biomedical reaearch. Theee hopee and the expectation* of our own aociaty are ao high indaod that w0, muat face realiatically the poeaibillty that the many challengea may exoeed our combined ability to meeit all of them ae.we ahould like to. There hae never bu t greater opportunity for all to work togethar for the achievement of truly important hialth goala. -Condl from' text. ,f- > ; 927 Chaacteriatlcrofi^roAbuaerai-Admlttedjoja_Pa^chiatricJIoaital;- L. J. Hekimiah and S. Gerahon. J. Am. Med. Aaan. 205. 125.130 (Julv 15, 1968); _ One hundred and twelve drug abuaere adxnitt^ to Bellevue PaycUbtric Hoapitai were atudied .' i from a aoclal. motivational, paychiatric. and pharmacbloglcal view. Heroin uaera were " ^ uaually aociopathic and were coetiag tbe city Sl O milllon a day in erlmee to eupport their.'. habit. Emotionally dlaturbodbut youngargroupa tandedto uae marihuana, amphetamine a. and hallucinogena. iFlfty percent of thia group were conaidered to be achisophre^ before taking druga and 37% requirad atate hoapitallaation/ .^Thua, protracted payehotlc atataa thought to bo r' due to drug ingeatlon may be due to preexiating menml diaturbancea. A dealre for euphoria, ..poeaibly atemming from undarl)^g dapreaaion. fwaa moat freqMntly the reaaon given for drug; abuae. Influencoa by frlende or environment waa the aecond moat frequent reaaoau. Almoet. ' all paaenta .had experieacee wildt druga othar tluin the one.which.cauaed admiaelon tO the . . hoaoital. -There are" 14 referencea..-4, .'Authara'-ahOt.'- Editor'a Note: Or. Maraton (Abatract No.' 926yyjMw;kaadofNati0nal'Inatitutea forHaalth. will find the Induatrial Hygiene FouadaMbnle^^jltatT^alth St^y of intereat. Utiliaatlbn of exiating : health reaourcea in induatry, recently aatiinated to coat .l /3 blUion dollara per year, to improve health aupport of amployeeewlll beheiU'the`entire;community.;S:' r"R-'';T. P- deT. r'/pj;. 6. 132 Industrial Hygiene Digest October. 1 9fe8 928 Annual Review: The Lent and Vitreous. H. M. rrttmio. Arch. Ophthalmol. 80, 132-144 (July, 1968). Approximately 400 article* pertaining to the lena and vitreoua were reviewed. Publication* dealing with biochemistry and physiology of the lens will be dealt with in the annual review of "Biochemistry and Physiology of the Eye. " During the past year, there hae bean an awakening of clinical interest in the vitreous. Improvements in instrumentation and techniques of exam ination of the vitreous cavity have led to a more accurate interpretation of vitreoua findings and have accelerated developments in the promising field of vitreous surgery. Therefore, a relative emphasis has been placed on the vitreous in this annual review. - -J Am. Med. Assn. References b Reviews 929 Reading Aids for the Partially Sighted. L. L. Sloan. Arch. Ophthalmol. 0. 35-38 (July. 1968). A successful reading aid is defined as one which the patient uses to read books, magasines or newspapers for at least 15 minutes at a time. The aid ie considered a partial succesa if the reading time is less or if only larger print can be read. A low incidence of failure was found in 513 unselected patients. Occasional failures were associated with a changing level of visual impairment or a very small usable field of vision. The most important factor is the degree of magnification required for easy reading. Thie determines the power and type of aid that is acceptable. Age is also important because it affects motivation and ability to learn a new way of reading. Even in patients with the worst prognosis, i. e., those over 70 who required high magnification, 48% were helped by a reading aid. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References h Reviews 930 Chronic Nonspecific Respiratory Disease in a Movie Projectionists Union. Boston. 1963-1964. B. C. Ferris, Jr.. W. A- Burgess, and Jane Worcester. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 886-891 (June, 1968). (See also Industrial Hygiene Digest Abstract No. 955 for October. 1967). A survey of 166 members (96% of those available) of a movie projectionists union in the Boston area did not reveal significant differences in respiratory symptoms of pulmonary function between those who had entered the union prior to 1940 and those who had entered the union after 1940. Measurements Included responses to a standard questionnaire, and simple tests of pulmonary function. Cigarette-smoking habits were taken into account. Aerometric measure ments were made in the booths and were much lower than those reported la the literature prior to 1940. As a result of this morbidity survey we do not believe that these movie projectionists have had significant exposures at work. There are 7 references. --Authors' abst 931 Oxygen Concentration in Tents and Incubators in Paediatric Practice. H. Simpson and D. J. Russell. Brit. Med. J-. No. 5573. 201-204 (Oct. 28. 1967). The oxygen concentrations attained in tents and incubators during routine pediatric use are reported. An oxygen concentration of 10 to 60 per cent is most readily attained in the Oxygen- alre Humldatre Tent, the most efficient of the teats tested. Accurately controlled oxygen therapy la the range of 24 to 35 per cent is attainable in the Venturi Head Tent, which may find a place in pediatric oxygen therapy. Incubators in neonatal use generally fulfill their manufac turers1 specifications. --Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. Absts. 932 Demineralisation of the Dorsum Sellae Associated With Alcoholism. M. Albert and M. L-eMay Brit. J. Radiol. 41, 331 (1968). Five normotenslve patients were found with striking localised demineralisation of the dorsum sella*. Their ages ranged from 35 to 51 years. The changes were indistinguishable from those seen with Increased intracranial pressure. All five patients were chronic alcoholic* and none had evidence of raised Intracranial pressure. The authors postulate that this finding may reflect early nutritional osteoporosis. --Can. Med. Assn. J. Absts ; v* 7. 01 132 3856 Industrial Hrsiene Digest October. 1968 933 Short Term Treatment of Acuta Bursitis of the Shoulder. A Double-Blind Study of the U of Indomethacin and Placebo. A. Cohan and R. W. Cohen. Penna. Med. 7JL- 66-70 (Sept., 1968). Thirty-six men and women with moderate to very severe burettle of the shoulder were treated for one week with either indomethacin or placebo (25 mg. capsules q. 6h.) in a double-blind trial. Response of the nineteen patients who took indomethacin was Fair to Good (3. 8 on a 5-point scale). Response of the seventeen who took placebo was None to Fair (2. 9 on the scale). The difference in response between the two groups was statistically significant. Side effects occurred in two patients, vis., diarrhea of short duration in one who took laiomethacin and nausea controlled with antacid in one who took placebo. There are 5 references. Authors' summary 934 Brucella abortus in Fresh Cream and Cream Products. G. I. Barrow, et al. Brit. Med. J. 596-600 (June 8, 1968). Brucella abortus was isolated in two separate episodes from whipped cream from four of seven fresh cream cakes. The subsequent investigations at the bakeries and dairies concerned 19 isolations of B abortus from various samples of cream. Both of these episodes were due to insufficient heat treatment of the cream at the dairies. In the survey B abortus was also isolated by direct culture from five of 916 samples of clotted cream. This was presumably due to either survival of these organisms during heat treatment, or to contamination after heat treatment. Closer attention should be paid to cream as a hasard to public health, and the need for the introduction of minimum bacteriological standards for cream is emphasissd. --J. Am. Med Assn. References k Reviews 935 Cytoplasmic Activity in Type I Pulmonary Epithelial Cells Induced by Macroassrssated Albumin. Edith J. HapkeandH. J. Pederson. Science 161. 580-582 (Am. 2.1968). After the intravenous injection of radioalbumin macroaggregate, large numbers of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were observed in the lung tissue of rats. The inclusions were located mainly in the cytoplasm of type I alveolar lining cells, appeared 40 minutes after the injection, and lasted up to 2 days. These observations suggest that the type I alveolar lining cells participate in the clearing mechanism of the lung tissue, a function that thus far has not been attributed to this type of cell. There are 3 references. --Authors' abst. 936 Natural History of Tuberculosis In Human Body. J. A. Myers, J. E. Bearman. and A. C. Botkins. Dissases of Chest 53. 687-699 (June, 1968). Of 3,192 graduates of three privets hospital schools of nursing, 91.9% were traced. The 68 who died for non-tuberculous conditions and the 289 who were not located were followed medically for 1, 374 and 8, 734 person-years rsspectlvely before death or at the time of last contact. When prophylactic measures were well under way (Including tuberculin testing) only eight converters were found la all three schools. Among the l, 323 students who reacted to tuberculin on admis sion, or converted while in school or after graduation. 35 (2.8%) subsequently developed clinical pulmonary lesions, one had renal disease, and tea pleurisy with sffusion. No student developed tuberculous meniagltts of miliary dissemination. Among the 14 who converted while la school. 11 did so before 1938, two In 1943, and one la 1944. --J. Am. Med. Assn. Referencss k Reviews 937 Pulmonary Complications and Water Retention in Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation. A. Sladea, M. B. Laver, and H. Pontoppidaa. New Engl. J. Med. 279. 448-453 (Aug. 29. 1968). In a retrospective study of 100 patients treated with prolonged mechanical ventilation, water retention without evidence of cardiac failure developed In 19. This was associated with radiologic evidence of pulmonary edema and with the following significant changes: a mean gain in weight of 2. 6 kg; a mean increase in the alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient of 127 mm of mercury; a decrease in vital capacity of 29 pesjent; a reduction in estimated compliance 8. 01 132 3857 Industrial Hygiene Digest October. 1968 of 31 per cant; a fall in hamatocrit of 13 par cant; and a decraaaa in larom sodium of 5. 90 mEq par Utar. Thasa changas wars ravarsad after the institution of a negative water balance by restriction of water intake and by diuretic tharapy. Radiologic improvement waa usually prompt. The appaaranca of pulmonary adema may be related to a relative water overload, a rise in antidiuretic hormone production or subclinical cardiac failure. There are 24 references. -Authors' abst. 938 Occupation. Education, and Coronary Heart Disease. L. E. Hinkle. Jr., et al. Science 161. 238-246 (July 19, 1968). A 5-year prospective survey of the relation between occupation, education, and coronary heart disease has been carried out among the 270, 000 men employed by the Bell Syetem throughout the continental United States. The findings indicate that men who attain the highest levels of management as a group do not have a higher risk of coronary heart disease than men who remain at lower levels. The findings provide no evidence that men who have high levels of responsi bility, or who have been promoted rapidly, frequently, or recently, or men who are transferred to new departments or to new companies, have any added risk of coronary heart disease. On .the other hand, men who enter the organization with a college degree have a lower attack rate, death rate, and disability rate for coronary heart dtsease at every age. in every part of the country, and in all departments of the organization. The difference la risk appears to exist at the time the men are hired and apparently is not greatly changed by any of the subsequent experiences of the men. Wo have discussed some of the reasons for believing that this differ ence in risk is not a result of the educational process itself, but is the result of biological differences between the college and no-college men which are related to, but not necessarily the result of. the differences in social and economic backgrounds from which they originated; some of these differences seem to take the form of habits of eating and smoking, which are formed in childhood and youth and persist during adult Ilfs. Thsre are 30 refersnees. --Authors' summary 939 Licorice and Hypertension. R. E. LeFebvre and J. Mare-Aurele. Can. Med. Assn. J. 99, 230-231 (Aug. 3, 1968). This case concerns a 34-year-old woman. In April, 1966, she was hospitalized for a dilatation and curettage following a spontaneous abortion. On admission, her blood pressure was noted to be 170/100. Because the blood pressure remained elevated, a full renal and hypertensive investigation was undertaken. All investigated parameters were found to be normal. About one week after her admission the blood pressure spontaneously returned to normal and she was discharged. Convinced that her symptoms and hypertension were emotional in origin, the patient returned to her occupation of nursing. While working in a postoperative recovery room, she would have her blood pressure taken regularly and noted it to be consistently elevated between 200/100 and 240/140. Disturbed by this persistent high blood pressure she consulted the authors. During questioning, the patient volunteered the information that she had developed a peculiar habit -- that it waa not unusual for her to eat at least two pounds of fresh licorice a week. Physical esamlaatioa at this time revealed only an elevated blood pressure of 220/11 5, and there were no signs of neuromuscular disturbance. In ensuing days, the patient on her own accord decided to stop eating licorice. Shs continued to have her blood pressure taken regularly at worh and within a week it had dropped to 140/90. Since giving up the habit her blood pressure has remained within normal limits between 110/70 and 140/90. The patient admitted that while la the hospital in April. 1.966, she had not eaten any licorice. The effect of the crude extract of the root of glycyrrhlsaglabra. better known as licorice, upon the human system is discus fed in detail. There are 10 references. --Cond. from text 940 Licorice-Induced Pseudoaldosteronism. Hypertension. Hypokalemia. Aldosteronopenla, and Suppressed Plasma Renin Activity. J. W. Conn, D. R. Rovner, and E. L. Cohen. J. Am. Mad. Assn. 203, 492-496 (Aug. 12. 1968). Hypertension. Initially aormokalsmic. was eventually associated with hypokalemia, alkalosis, suppressed plasma renin activity, and aldosteronopenla in a 58-year-old man who had ingested * 01 132 3855 two to three 36-gm licorice candy bars daily for she yaars to seven years. Matabolie balance 9. Industrial Hygiene Digest October, jq&a studies recorded complete recovery upon cessation of licorice ingestion. The syndrome was reproduced experimentally by oral administration of ammonium glycyrrhixate, the compound in licorice responsible for sodium retention. In categorising mechanisms of hypertension, it is important to assess the functional state of the renin-aldosterone system by measuring both factors. When both yield low values it is likely that a potent sodium-retaining substance, other than aldosterone, either of endogenous or of exogenous origin, is at work. Licorice-induced hypertension serves a model of hypertensive disease developing as the result of ingestion of a foodstuff possessing sodium retaining activity. There are IS references. --Authors' abet. 941 Coronary Atherosclerosis in Persons Dying Violently. B. Viel. S. Oonoso, and D. Salcedo. Arch. Internal Med. 2l_, 97-103 (Aug.. 1968). Autopsies on 1, ISO men and 290 women following violent death were analysed to clarify etiology of atherosclerotic lesions. Soft lesions were noted in coronary arteries in persons less than ten years of age and increasingly to age 30, without significant differences between senes. Hard lesions with more accelerated growth appeared later in life; women between ages 20 and 45 had a significantly lesser amount than men. The left anterior descending coronary artery was most affected by atherosclerosis among men over age 3S. High socioeconomic status, obesity, and intellectual work showed a significant association with hard atherosclerotic lesions. Neither alcohol nor smoking seemed related to atherosclerosis. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References It Reviews 942 Diabetes Mellitus in Old Age. A. Harth. Geriatrics 23. 138-145 (June. 1968). In a follow-up study of 70 elderly diabetic patients residing in an Israeli geriatric home during a three-year period there were no serious cases of acidosis, and die classic complications of diabetes were not prevalent. There was no direct relationship between damage to the blood vessels, nerves, or retinas and the severity of disturbance in carbohydrate metaboliam. Moet of the patients in this group reacted positively to chlorpropamide treatment, without any side effect. The author feels that strict diet for elderly patients is not important and the outlook for aged diabetic patients appears to be quite favorable. Perhaps the present criteria used in diagnosis of diabetes in old age should be revised. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References It Reviews 943 Glycosuria and Diabetes Mellitus in Canadian Eskimos. O, Schaefer. Can. Med. Assn. J. 99, 201-206 (Aug. 3, 1968). Of 3, 716 Canadian Eskimos screened in recent surveys, 4.7% showed glycosuria, the incidence varying from 2.4% in coastal Eastern Arctic Esldmoe to 10. 7% in tho Caribou Ealdmos of the Central Arctic. No significant correlation could be demonstrated between glycoeuria and levels of blood sugar, the latter being generally low. Males had a markedly higher incidence of glycosuria than females, and there was a consistent decline of the male to female ratio from the Eastern to the Central Arctic. A higher incidence among relatives appeared at least partly independent of diet, la contrast to the relatively high incidence of glycoeuria. diabetes mellitus is still very rarely found in Canadian Eskimos. A review of the 13 patients in whom a diagnosis of diabetes had been made in the last 10 years revealed that the diagnosis had been correct in only two (one of those being secondary to acromegaly) and questionable in two others of a total of approximately 13, 000 EsUmos. There are 23 references. --Author's summary 944 Circulatory Effects of Nicotine Aerosol Inhalations and Cigarette Smoking In Man. A. Herxheimer, et al. Lancet. 754-755 (Oct. 7, 1967). Five healthy volunteers, four men and one woman, took part in the present study. All subjects had been smoking 5 to 15 cigarettes per day for three years, and all inhaled. The subjects refrained from smoking during the two hours preceding the experiment. Experiments were separated by at least one day. A comparison was made between the effect of smoking a commer cially available filter-tip cigarette and a filter-tip cigarette made from cured lettuce leaves that contained no nicotine and the effect of inhaling an aeroeol containing S3 mg of nicotine per metered 10. 01 132 3859 Industrial Hygiene Digest October. 1968 puff from a specially prepared Medlhaler" and 4 control aerosol containing only the propellant. Inhelotion of smoke from Ch filter-tip cigarette and of nicotine aeroeol In approximately equivalent amounts produced a similar increase in pulse rate and blood pressure. Inhalation from the nicotine-free cigarettes and from the aerosol propellant alone had no effect on the circulation. -Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. Absts. 945 Lung Cancer and Bronchitis in Relation lo Cigarette Smoking and Fuel Consumption in Twenty Countries. P. Stocks. Brit. J. Prev. Soc. Med. 2^. 181 -185 (Oct., 1967). Male death rates from lung cancer and bronchitis in relation to consumption of cigarettes per adult older than 15 years and of solid and liquid fuel per capita ware studied in 20 countries. The results suggest that although cigarette smoking is the most important factor in determining national death rates from lung cancer in man younger than 45, air pollution by coal smoke is as important as cigarette smoking in determining the death rates in those older than 55, and the two factors are sufficient to account for the rate variation in 17 countries: in the remaining three countries --Finland. Austria, and the Netherlands--additional unknown factors appear to be operating. --Am. Rev. Reap. Ois. Absts. 946 The Role of Nicotine as a Determinant of Cigarette Smoking Frequency in Man With Observa tions of Certain Cardiovascular Effects Associated With the Tobacco Alkaloid. B. R. Luceheai. C. R. Schuster, and G. S. Emley. Clin. Pharmacol. Thar. . 789-796 (Nov. -Dec., 1967). The effect of Intravenously administered nicotine on smoking behavior was studied in smokers who were unaware of the nature of the administered drug and the true purpose of the study. Smoking behavior was not altered significantly when nicotine was administered in a dose of 1 mg per hour for six hours. A significant decrease in smoking frequency was obtained when nicotine was administered at the rate of 2 to 4 mg per hour. Recordings of systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and electrocardiographic findings indicate that the physiologic alterations in these parameters produced by smoking can be reproduced by parenteral nicotine. --Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. Absts. 947 Mouth Absorption of Various Compounds in Cigarette Smoke. T. Dalhama, M-L. Edfors. and R. Rylander. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 831-835 (June, 1968). The absorption in the mouth of volatile and aerosol components in cigarette smoke was studied in humans. Determinations were made of acetaldehyde, isoprene. acetone, acetonitrile, toluene, and particulate matter using gaschromatography and fluorometric methods. The amount of the various compounds in smoke coming directly from the cigarette and smoke which had stayed in the mouth for two seconds were determined. The results were expressed as percent absorption. The absorption was higher for water-soluble compounds (around 60%) than for non-water-soluble compounds (around 20%). No correlation was found between boiling point and absorption. Sixteen percent of the particulate matter was retained in the mouth. A lower absorption was found among heavy smokers for isoprene, acetaldehyde, and aceton itrile. There are 9 references. ~ --Authors' abse. 948 Smnhtejjgabtte^of Men Employed in Industry, and Mortality. C. Z. Brett and B. Benjamin. Brit. Med. J. 1. 82-85 (July 13. 1968). In a proepective study the smoking habits of 54. 460 male industrial workers aged 40 years and over were related to the deaths that had occurred in this population over a period of three years. Of 37. 448 cigarette smokers, 14. 4% retained the eigarette in the mouth between puffs ("drooping cigarette"); drooping increases in frequency with the amount smoked. The annual mortality rate from lung cancer was 0. 3/1, 000 for both nonsmokers and exsmokers and 1.2/1, 000 for cigarette smokers, a ratio of 1:4. The highest mortality from lung cancer was observed in heavy smokers (2.4/1, 000) and particularly in heavy smokers addicted to the drooping cigarette (4.1 /l, 000). There was an overall as well as an age-specific gradient of lung cancer mortality with amounts smoked. The mortality from coronary thrombosis in smokers was nearly three times that in nonsmokers. A mortality gradient with rising consumption of cigarettes was clearly defined. No correlation between smoking and mortality was found in other cardiovas cular disease and cerebrovascular^disnspes. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References h Review* n. 3860 Industrial Hygiene Digest October, 19fe8 949 Value of Lung Ctncr Detection by Six-Monthly Chest Radiographs. C. Z Brstt. Thorax (London) 2^, 414*420 (July, 19681. j Results are reported of a controlled prospective study carried out by the mass radiography service of the NW Metropolitan Region which evaluates early Tung cancer detection by .six*, monthly x-ray examinations." The lung cancer experience of a test group of 29'. 723 men aged 40 and over who were offered six-monthly surveys .during,three years, is compared with a similarly constituted control group of 25. 311 men who were x-rayed only at the beginning and the end of the study. Nearly 99% were followed up. Tl^lai^i^Kdeteettda :rate;f:-lung cancer by six-monthly surveys was 0. 9 per thousand. 65%,of these cases were resected. In the test group as a whole. 43. 6% of lung cancer was operable compared with 29% in-the control, the difference <P * 0.03) being statistically significant.': The annual mortality, rate from lung cancer was 0.7 per thousand in the test and 0.8 in this control. .V,.t 'rv ' --J. Am. Med. Assn. References fc Reviews 950 Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy: The Effect Upon the Hematocrit add Acid-Base Balance of the Newborn Infant. M. K. Younossai. A. Kacic. and J. C. .Haworth. . Can. Med. Assn. J. 99. 197-200 (Aug. 3. 1968). i ^ ^ Clinical and laboratory findings were recorded for the first 48 hours of life in i6 infants whose mothers smoked 20 cigarettes or mors a day throughout their pregnancies and were compared with the findings in"16 infante whose mothers were non-smokers., Both groups of infants were born at Mil term and were clinically healthy. The.mean carbon monoxide saturation of hemo globin in the venous blood of the cigarette-smoking moths rest thetimsof delivery was 8. 3% and in the aoh-smoldng mothers l . 2%. The corresponding mean umbilical cord vein blood levels were 7.3% and 0.7%. The blood pH. Pcoj, bicarbonate and lactate values in both groups of infanta were within the normal rangp for newborn; infants: j The infants, of the, cigarette- smoking mothers, however, showed a higher mean capillary blood hematocrit and a mild metabolic acidosis. Although these minor abnormalities did not appear to bo of clinical . significance in the group of infants studied, further investigation of infants of: women who smoke during pregnancy might determine the cause of the increased incidence ,of low birth weight in these infants. There are 30 references. --Authors' summary 951 Infiltrative Lung Diseases. P. P. VanArsdel. Jr. , and R. Thune.,,, Yale J. Biol. Med. 40. 501-506 (April-Juae. 1968). An increasing number of patients with infiltrative lung diseesewerefoundtobehypersenaltive to organic dusts. The best known groups are farmers exposed to thermophilic molds, pigeon and parakeet fanciers, and sugar cane workers: The patients studied are pigeon-fanciers whose symptoms and pulmonary function abnormalities were reproduced by Inhalation of dilute pigeon serum. The sera of these patients contained precipitating antibodies to pigeon serum, and skin reactions were characteristic of the Arthus phenomenoa. There are as yet no good animal models; the various possibilities are reviewed with two main objectives in mind. The first is the identlflcstloa of a similar disease produced by antigen lahalation. either naturally acquired or experimentally produced. The sacond lt aa attempt to produce disease by. passive administration of huinan antibody followed by antigea challehge. This would testthe hypothesis that this dlngaeatically important precipitating antibody la directly involved la the production of lung tissue damage. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References 6 Reviews ,- " ' j . ?'. > t V. 952 Nasal Cancer in Woodworkers in furniture Industry. E. O. Acheson. st al. Brit. Med. J. 2. 587-595 (June 8. 1968). " --" The material reported shows beyond reasonable doubt that cabinetmakers, chairmakers, and wood machinists in the furniture industry ih, the southern.part of the Oxford Hospital region are at special risk in respect to adenocarcinoma of the nasal Cavity and! siausea. especially the ethmoid. The risk also extends to a significant but lesser extent to persons employed in other trades exposed to dust in the furniture industry:. Carpenters and joiaers neyer employed in the furniture industry either have no increased risk, or an increase in risk which is not detectable in a population of this size. The best estimates of tlui latent, period of the tumor is 39 years, but tumors may develop aftouas ^Ala' aefive years' exposure in persons who have- 12. 01 132 3861 Industrial Hraien* Diaet October, 1968 left th# industry. A conatituant of wood duat which ia inhaled and ia present in auch commonly aaed hardwooda aa beech and oak ia etiologlcally ralatad to tha davalopmant of thaaa tumor*. Poliahoa, lacquers, and varniahea are unlikely to bo incriminated. Th# factor concerned waa preaent aa early aa 1920 and at Leaat aa recently aa 1940. It ia likely that further caae* will occur. --J. Am. Med. Aaan. Reference# fc Review* 953 A Survey of Trichlnoai* Among Black Bear* in Vermont. F. L. Babbott, Jr., and B. W. Day. Jr Arch. Environmental Health _^6. 900-902 (June. 1968). Following the 1964 and 1965 hunting aeaaona, diaphragm and loin or rump apecimena from 35 black bear* a hot in Vermont were examined for evidence of trichinoei*. Laboratory atudiea included direct microacopy aa well aa digeation and concentration technique*. No larvae of Trichinella apiralia were found in thia 11% aample of th* annual bear kill. There are 12 reference*. --Author*' abat. 954 Mite Infeatatione of Man Contracted From Does and Cate. L. R. Thomaett. Brit. Med. J. 3. 93-95 (July 13. 1968). Acarln* infeatatione of th* dog and cat and their tranamiaeibility to man are dtacuaaed. The relationahip between age incidence in th* hoat. duration of diaeaa*. and circumatancea under which th* animal ia kept are atated. Of 65 human contact* at riak to 42 Infected dog* and cat*. 50 exhibited leaiona of mite infeatation. Of thea* leaiona, 48% were confined to th* arm* and torao. Conaidering animal mite infeatation ia the differential diagnoaia of human pruriti* and papular akin diaeaa* ia important. --J. Am. Med. Aaan. Reference* fc Review* 955 Human Plaiue in the United State*. 1900-1966. J. L. Oaten and L. Kartmaa. J. Am. Med. Aaan. 205. 333-336 (Aug. 5. 1968). One or two caaea of human plague occur on th* average in the United State* each year. The occurrence of aeven caaea in 1965 and five in 1966 led to thia review of th* available record*. A total of 547 caaea of human plague with 349 death* waa reported ia th* continental United State* from 1900 to 1966. Epidemic*, following eplsootica in urban rata, account for 432 of the caaea with 284 death*, all prior to 1925. From 1908 to 1966, contact with wild-rodent aourcea cauaed aa additional US caaea with 65 death*. There are 14 reference*. --Author*' abat. 956 Toxicology in the Emergency Room. S. Schot*. Penn*. Med. 7U 51-52 (Sept., 1968). The treatment of tho poiaoaiag victim regardleaa of the mode involve* four dlaclpllnea. It ia important that thaaa diaciplinaa be taken up in tha following order: (1) Th* car* of th* reapiratory and circulatory ayatom*. (2) Tha poaalbl* evaluation of poiaona which may atill be lodged la tha stomach. (3) Meaaurea for haataniag tha elimination of the"poiaona. (4) Meaaurea for neutralising tha offset of th* poiaona already absorbed -- if thia ia practical. In any case of aerious proportion*, a plastic needle or catheter ahould be rapidly inaerted into tha moat readily acceaalbl* vela and kept open with a auitable iatravenoua aolution. Thia acta a* aa avenue for admiaiateriag whatever is needed in fluid therapy aa well aa corrective drug therapy. Aa endotracheal tuba with aa inflatable cuff Inserted prior to passing th* stomach tub* may be necessary to protect tha patient from vomiting and aapirating stomach contents. Subataacea such aa central nervous system depressants which exert their effect in proportion to thair concentration in tha blood can bo removed by vigorous diuresis. Aa much as 600 cc of fluid may be given par hour as long aa tha urina volume is within l, 200 cc of the intravenous intake per day. Substances such as acetylaalicylic acid which in overdose can produce aever* acidosis have to be treated by th* giving of suitable amounts of a buffering alkali. Tha only adequate method of handling is tha frequent analysis of tha arterial blood to assess tha patient's needa. Such determinations on anaerobically drawn arterial blood are much preferable to th* more commonly performed carbon dioxide combining power. --Cond. from text 13. 1 132 3862 Industrial Hygiene Digest October. 1968 957 pulmonary Emphysema and Cigarette Smoke. Experimental Induction and Use of Broncho- dilators in Rats. H. Ito and D. M. Aviado. ' *'C ` ' Arch.. Environmental Health _^6, 865-870 (June, 1968). Rats exposed to cigaracta imoka daily for tan weeks did not develop signs of pulmonary emphysama. Tha rats subjected to experimental ligation of tha trachea and intratrachaal injection of papain developed signs of pulmonary emphysama'but exposure to cigarette smoke did not uniformly influence tha various sign*. Functional residual capacity was not markedly elevated although histological examination showed a higher percentage of air spaces in emphy sematous rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke caused an increase in pulmonary resistance only in the rata with experimental emphysema. The increase in resistance is Interpreted to mean an increase in broncho-motor tone. Isoproterenol injection induces bronchodilatation, more intensely in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. There are 11 references. --Authors' summary 958 Densitometric Analysis of Normal and Emphysematous Lung Tissue. S. C. Clauser and Elinor M. Glauser. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 862-864 (June, 1968). As emphysema is a disease entity which is characterized by overlnflated alveoli and thin fragmented alveolar walls undergoing destructive; change! it was decided to test the postulate that emphysematous lung tissue prepared by normal histdldgieal techniques is less optically dense than normal lung tissue. Slides of thin sections of lung tissue were placed on the stage of a photoelectric densitometer. This stage was drivenat a constant rate so that the entire width of lung tissue was scanned and the optical density and integrated optical density recorded. Average optical density for normal piglet lung sections was found to be 3.87. while average optical density for emphysematous piglet lung, sections was found to be 2. 94. This difference is statistically significant. Hsnca photoelectric densitometry of lung sections will distinguish between normal and emphysematous lung sections. There are 10 references. --Authors' abet. 959 Annual Cycle in Ventilatory Capacity of Men With Pneumoconiosis and of Normal Subjects. C. B. McKerrow and C. E. ftossiter. Thorax (London) 23, 340-349 (July, 1968). The forced expiratory volume over 0.75 second (FEV07,)was measured monthly for three years in 28 working ex-miners with pneumoconiosis and for one yev.- la 17 normal laboratory workers. A significant annual variation of 0. 044-liter amplitude ;.?> found in the ex-miners with minimum and maximum values on February 2nd and August ;*pectively, and in normal subjects of about 0.10 liter. Atmospheric dry bulb tempers:had a cyclical pattern in phase with that of dm ventilatory capacity of the ex-miners but was no strong correla tion between the deviations from these cyclical components. No relation was found with relative and absolute humidify and barometric pressure. Fourteen of the ex-miners had attacks of purulent sputum but these attack* did not acutely lower tha ventilatory capacity although they were associated with a greater annual decline in it. TIm cyclical Variation. inventilatory capacity may represent an intrinsic biological rhythm, perhaps modified by environmental temperature. --J. Am.. Med. Aeon. References k Reviews 960 A Cooperative Study of Certain Measurements of Emphysema. W. M. Thurlbeck, etal. Am. Rev. Been. Die. .98. 21.7-228 (Am.. 1968). Forty paper-mounted whole lung sections were examined by 9 observers expert la the pathology of emphysema. There was Vide variation in interpretation of the presence or absence of emphysema, the type of emphysema, and the extant and severity of the' disease. This was attributed, in part, to the different techniques used to measure emphysema and tha nature of material studied. The major difference was attributed to interobserver variation, particularly of 2 observers who saw large amounts of paalobular emphysema. There was generally a similarity in ordinal ranking. At the present time, similar experiences may be described differently because of differences in Interpretation. However, an agreed visual grading system may obviate many of these differences. Two references are given. -^Authors' summary 14 01 132 3863 Industrial Hvslsns Dissit October. 1968 - t 961 Cellular Effects of Laser Radiation. Lisht Microscopic Studies on Injury of tho Mouse Liver 1 G. C. Faith. et al. Arch. Pathol. 86. 262-278 (Sept.. 1968)' ------------------ , Bursts of ruby laser energy from 23 to 135 joules/sq cm were directed at tho exposed livara of aneethetlsed mice. Immediately, light gray laaioaa appeared that extended hamiapharieally ' Into tha parenchyma. At high energies, there was eavitation and extrusion of tlaaua. Portions of tha Lesions were fixad. embedded in paraffin or a poxy resin, and examined microscopically.' Cello wara dlatortad. Intercellular apacaa widened, and staining properties altered. Nuclso- plaamic constituenta became aggregated, and cytoplasmic components wara .often markedly disarranged. Within the perspective of the literature on photic, thermal, and laser Injury, it ; ia concluded that a reasonable concept of tha pathogenesis of Laser-induced necrosis is one of ` heat-mediated denaturation and coagulation of call proteins, and vaporisation of tissue water, creating multiple intercellular and intracellular spaces. There are 73 references. Authors' abst. , I SKIN DISEASES AND BURNS I 962 , Pulmonary Complications of Burn Patient. C. D. Shook. B. G. MacMillan, and W. A. Altemeier. Arch. Surg. 97. 215-224 (Aug.. 1968). ' ` i Pulmonary complications are being seen with increasing frequency as a contributing cause of | death in fatally burned patients. Thirteen burn patients who required continuous positive pressure ventilation for more than 48 hours were studied. A special mixture was used in the j. nebullsation fluid in several patients and consisted of heparin, hydrocortisone, and gentamicin. Twelve of the patients died (92% mortality rats). Lesions found in the lung at autopsy included pneumonia, pulmonary edema, septic infarcts, tracheobronchitis, and atelectasis, Atelectasis j was a frequent finding and was probably due primarily to continuous ventilation with a constant 1 tidal volume without frequent hyperinflation. Hyalin membranes word observed microscopically in soma patients and were attributed to prolonged use of high oxygen tension ia the inspired air.. The recommendod therapeutic program for respiratory embarrassment ia the burn patient includes aseptic management of adequate airway, frequent monitoring of arterial blood gas studies; x-rays, and sputum cultures, adequate humidification, nebullsation mixture including : heparin, hydrocortisone and gentamicin, and prevention of atelectasis by hyperexpansion of the lungs at frequent intervals. . --J. Am. Med. Assn. References k Reviews > 963 Pseudomonas Vaccine and Hyperimmune Plasma for Burned Patients. I. Feller and C. Piersom Arch. Surg. 97, 225-229 (Aug.. 1968). ! A Pseudomonas vaccine and human hyperimmune plasma have been prepared and used In 100 severely burned patients with a marked reduction in tho incidence of and mortality from Pseudomonad santle-----J. Am, Med. Assn. References h Reviews t ^ i 964 Jean Henri Tabes and the Patch Test. A. Rostenbert, Jr. . and L. M. Solomon. Arch. Dermatol. 98. 188-190 (Aut.. 1968). a Jean Henri Fabre waa a 19th century French entomologist who studied tha effects of cater pillars on skin. Living in almost total isolation ia the French countryside, unaware of the dermatologist Jadassohn's simultaneous endeavors la a similar area. Fabre independently ! evolved aa excellent systsm of epicutansous patch testing. In his ten-volume treatise. "Lee Souvenirs Eatomologiques, "Fabre carefully outlined Ms patch test method and described urticarial and ecsematous contact dermatitis. Thispaper reviews tho largely ignored contri butions'to cutaneous allergy made by this ingenious French entomologist 11 years before the j concept of allergy was promulgated by von Pirquet. : --J. Am. Med. Assn. References ! Reviews j . , - i . > ` 1 01 132 3864 Industrial Hygiene Digest October. 1968 965 Nickel Earlobe Dermatitis. T. L. Watt and R. R. Vtumann. Arch. Oarmatol. 98, 1 55-1 58 (Aug., 1968). Seventeen young woman who bacama allargic to nickel following aarloba piarcing procedure* wara obaarved during a 12-month parlod. All of tha woman davalopad drainaga, eczematous, pierced lobe* aftar wearing implanted earring* two to four weak*. Tan of them subsequently developed more wideapread reaction*. Fifteen of tha women had aigna or aymptoma of the atopic diathaaia. The nickal aarloba dermatitla ia frequently miatakan for a chronic infection of the aarloba*. --J. Am. Mad. Aaan. Reference* lc Review* 966 Leproay in tha Toronto Area. A. L. Hud eon. Can. Mad. Aaan. J. 99, 176-179 (July 27, 1968). Leproay can occur anywhere, and muat be conaldarad in tha differential dlagnoaea of chronic skin diaordera, to avoid failure to recognize it. A punch biopay ia a aimpla diagnoatic maaaura and, provided that tha pathologiat ia informed that Hanaan'a diaaaaa la a poaaibillty. la a aina qua non in diagnoaia. Tha treatment period ia long and may ba accompanied by puzzling complication*. For thia reaaon it ia suggested that the management of leproay ahould be in the hand* of a physician who has had torn* experience with tha disease. Both tha physician and tha public should be more aware of tha existence of leproay ia areas other than the tropica, and especially in individuals who have lived in areas where the disease la endemic. The stigma attached to the word leprosy might well be avoided if the disease were referred to ia all publications as Hansen's disease. There are 6 reference*. --Author's conclusions 967 Benzoyl Peroxide-Sulfur Lotion*. P. Vasarlnsh. Arch. Dermatol. 98. 183-187 (Aug.. 1968). Benzoyl peroxide and sulfur lotions were applied to normal and acne skin and serial biopsies were studied. Benzoyl peroxide causes dilatation of upper dermal vessels and perivascular infiltrate, with only minimal epidermal edema. Addition of sulfur increases the epidermal reaction. Despite clinical improvement, no changes of comedones or sebaceous glands were found. The response to a primary irritant Is predominantly dermal, la tha absence of classical epidermal changes of primary irritant dermatitis, the exfoliation caused by benzoyl peroxide is probably secondary to a variety of dermal aad epidermal processes, eg, vasodilatation, increased mitotic rate, defatting of stratum corneum. aad the effects of oxidants on disulfide bonds of intercellular bridges or the cement substance. Relief of follicular obstruction ia not obtained by direct action on the comedonic plug. The histologically observable effect of benzoyl peroxide and sulfur ia maximal at the dermal level, closer to the original site of acne patho genesis. --J. Am. Med. Assn. References It Reviews I CHEMICAL HAZARDS I ft 968 Myocardial Toxicity From Carbon Monoxide Polsoninz. R. F. Anderson. D. C. Allenaworth. aad W. J. deCroot. Ana. Internal Med. 67. 1172-1182 (Dec.. 1967). Seven cases are described ia two families, emphasising ths individual susceptibility to CO aad the seriousness at the resulting myocardial lesion. A family of four was discovered unconscious is their tightly closed home; one unvested natural gas hsater aad a pilot light were burning. The infant was dead cm arrival; COHb saturation of his venous blood was 85%. The father was admitted unconscious but. after oxygen therapy, regained consciousness. Five days latsr. however, he complained of sudden, severe, substeraai pain; ventricular fibrillation ensued, followed by death. Autopsy revealed a mural thrombus la the left ventricle with coronary embolism. In another family, three women were poisoned while being transported by ambulance for about 6 hr. The cases and thsir therapy are discussed. Patients poisoned with CO should be observed with serial electrocardiograms. EKG abnormalities are frequent and may occur promptly or after ths acute episode has subsided. --A PCA Absta. 16. Industrial Hvsiene Digest October. >968 969 Neurological Complications of Carbon Monoxide Poisonins. H. Garland and J. Paarca Quart. Mad. 36. 445 (1968). Pour patients suffering from severe accidental carbon monoxide poisoning are described. Attention is drawn to the gross and diffusa cortical damage which occurs and to the parietal lobe disturbances, with particular reference to their clinical presentation. In general, the ! prognosis is favourable, but occasional examples of permanent brain damage are known to occur. The pathology and physiology of CO poisoning are discussed and some of the appro priate literature is reviewed. ` ' ' --Can. Med. Assn. J. Absts. 970 Determination of Fluoride in Bone With the Fluoride Electrode. L. Singer and W. D. Armstrong. Anal. Chem. 40. 613-614 (March. 1968). > Electrodes made from single-crystal sections of rare earth fluoride have been developed to measure fluoride ion activity in solutions. A simple direct method for determination of fluoride in bone with the .use' of a fluoride ion electrode' and a conventional.potasslam chloride electrode is rapid and accurate. Factors such as pH. ionic strength, temperature, and some other ions must be rigorously controlled in both standard and unknown solutions to obtain meaningful . results. The method is applicable also to fluoride in the'ash of other normal and pathological calcifications. - --APCA Absts. 971 Hasards of Hydrogen Sulfide. P. D. Halley, j Med. Bull. (Std. Oil N.J.) 27. 219-236 (Nov.. 1967). I The physical properties and physiological effects of H*Sare reviewed. Its disagreeable odor occurs at low concentrations; at higher levels (500-1000 ppm), it becomes sweet-smelling. HjS acts as an irritant to lung tissue in high concentrations, as an irritant to the eyee in low- level, repeated exposures or in short exposures to, high concentrations, and also produces respiratory paralysis at levels .of 500-700 ppm<or more. Skin contact is not considered significant, although a perforated ear drum can be a route of significant exposure. A table is provided with representative physiological responses to various levels of H|S. Immediate j unconsciousness with respiratory arrest and death in a few minutes follows exposure to 1000- 5000 ppm. Maximum exposure level for 1 hr. without serious consequences is 170-300 ppm. Sources, concentrations, and actual cases of H{S poisoning in the petroleum industry are cited. It is emphasised that negligence in carrying out safety precautions (use of respiratory protective equipment) is not limited to new employees. --APCA Absts. 972 Lung Function Following Exposure To, and Recovery From. Nitrogen Dioxide. J. T. Davidson. . et al. Israel J. Mod. Sci. 2- 470-474 (May-Juno. 1967). * Albino rabbits (6 months to 1 yr. old) were exposed continuously to approximately 8-12 ppm of NO* and.tested for pulmonary function after 3-4 months' exposure. During the first 12 weeks of exposure, 50-40% of the tost animals died. ` Autopsies royaalod extensive pulmonary congestion, edema, and bronchial pneumonia. In the 13 survivors, the over-all picture was - one of severe airway obstruction with marked hyperinflation and arterial oxygen desaturation (decreasing significantly to 65 mm Hg). A significant increase in noaelastic resistance of the lungs was the most consistent and marked abnormality recorded. Mean resistance increased to 1ST caaHgO/1 sec, compared with 37 in the controls. Static lung compliance was not ,, significantly different. Tour animals, removed to breathe normal air after respiratory physio logical disturbances wore well established (3-4 months), improved or recovered; the main residual abnormality was noaelastic resistance. --APCA Absts. 973 The Renal Tubule in Lead Poisoning, t. Mitochondrial Swelling and Aminoaciduria. R. A. Coyer. Lab. Invest. 19* Tl-77.(July, 1968)., Rats fed a diet containing lead acetate develop an excessive aminoaciduria within 3-weeks. Electron microscopy of kidneys shows two distinct histologic features, intranuclear inclusions and swelling of mitochondria. These changes are confined to cello of proximal convoluted tubules. The number of inclusioqp lejjphases with time of ingestion of the lead-containing diqt 17. ... . 01 132 3866 Industrial Hygiene Digest October. 1968 Mitochondrial lesions appear maximal after ingestion of the experimental lead diet for approx imately 10 weeks. Increase in kidney weight, thought to be due to increase in fluid content of cells or "cloudy swelling." is positively correlated with the degree of aminoaciduria suggesting a transport defect for water and cations as well as amino acids. Electron microscopy shows that the usual elongated, rod-shaped mitochondria of the proximal renal tubule have become oval or rounded and have increased in volume. Cristae may be vesicular, but more often swelling is confined to the inner compartment and the cristae are shortened and marginal. Metrical granules become less homogeneous and tend to clump. It is concluded that the severe alterations observed in the mitochondria of proximal tubular lining cells of lead-intoxicated rats reflect an impairment of energy metabolism and are, therefore, an important factor in the pathogenesis of the observed renal tubular dysfunction. There are 23 references. Author's abet. 974 Pulmonary Surface Tension After Sulfur Dioxide Exposure. Am. Rev. Reap. Die. 98. 311 -314 (Aug., 1968). L. M. Kahana and M. Aronovitch. The surface tension of lung extracts has been measured with the modified Wilhelmy balance after short, high level expoeure of rats to sulfur dioxide. The findings were interpreted as demonstrating an increase of surfactant activity that might suggest that this increase in sur factant activity has been caused either by increased production of surface-active substance or by some qualitative change in it. Results of an earlier study is associated with a decrease in lung elastic recoil, and the possibility was considered that such changes might be related to the pathogenesis of emphysema. There are 26 references. --Authors' summary 975 Adverse Effect of Oxygen on Tracheal Mucus Flow. G. A. Laurenzi, S. Yin, and J. J. Guarneri. New Engl. J. Med. 279. 333-339 (Aug. 15. 1968). The effect of oxygen on tracheal mucus flow was measured la young cats by a particle-transport technic. Any deviation from ambient oxygen tension in the inspired air. high or low, had an adverse effect on mucus flow; 100 per cent oxygen produced marked impairment. Basal mucus flow was improved, and the adverse oxygen effects were prevented and reversed by epinephrine compounds and adenosine triphosphate. These results, which are interpreted in terms of Inhibition of carbohydrate metabolism by oxygen and the positive effect of catecholamines on this function, suggest a subtle, but potentially dangerous, form of oxygen toxicity. There are 23 references. --Authors' abet. 976 The Effect of Arsenic on Inflammation. O. J. Stone and Carolyn J. Willis. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 801-804 (June, 1968). There is clinical and experimental evidence that an amount of areanicais which will not produce lesions on normal skin will markedly increase the severity of a quantitated, induced, bacterial infection. It is also known that suppression of early inflammation increases the severity of bacterial infectione. An experimental model is presented in which arsenic ia^shown to prevent one type of early . xt is proposed that arsenic damages ensymas of inflammation which are active before the cellular phase occurs. There are IS references. 'Authors' abst. 977 Severe Occupational Poisoning With Cadmium Vapors and Subsequent Broncho-Pulmonary Symptoms, F. Heully, at al. Arch. Maladies Profess. 27. 215-220 (Jan.-Feb.. 1966). French. A case report is given of a 55-year-old male showing acute pulmonary edema, dypsnaa. cyanosis, raised temperature and pulse, and arterial hypotension. Clinical and radiological details are included. Two days previously he had been cutting steel for an electric furnace, using a propane blowtorch. A study determined that the electric furnace had been used to recover nickel from Nl-Fe electrodes, and that occasionally stray Cd-Fe electrodes were inadvertently Included. In fact, while cutting the steel with his blowtorch, the worker had noted the sheet metal had taken on a sulfur.yellow color and that it produced intense, light yellow flames. It is believed that cadmium was volatilised, although the presence of these other metals is mentioned: iron, nickel, chromium, cobalt, and arsenic. Manganese, known to produce similar symptoms, was presumed to be present in very low quantities. While working, this subject had noted, at fleet; dflransation of constriction of his throat, then, of his chest, as well as a "salty mouth. " Recovery followed treatment with antibiotics and cardio vascular analeptics. --APCA Abets. 18. Industrial Hygiene Din October. 1968 978 Upper Rsspiratory Tract Laaiona from Chromic Acid Aerosol. L. Kansllaa. at al. Praeovni Lskarstvi ^9. 294*298 (Sapt.. 1967). Cxsch. Otoleryugological examination of 77 parsoaa axpoaad to chromic acid aaroaol during chroma plating ravaaiad: nasal mucosa irritation (47.75%). atrophy (34.8%), perforation of the septum (19. 3%), atrophy of the nasal skeleton (.9. 0%). rhinitis sicca anterior (34.8%). and lesions of the sensory epithelium (23.1%). Papillomas of the oral cavity and the taryme were found in 14 persons. They contained 9. 25 ug of chromium and were probably caueed by the prolonged exposure (6. 6 years average) to a high chromium (4 ug/l). Histochemical examinations of the excised tumors confirmed the diagnosis of papillomas; no marked signs of atypical growth ; or malignant degeneration were present. APCA Absts. 979 Thyroid Changes in Cases of Quebec Beer Drinkers' Myocardosis. P. E. Roy. J. L. Bonenfant, and L. Turcot. Am. J. Clin.. Pathol. 50 234-239 (Aug.. 1968). j Thyroid changes were found associated with the myocardial lesions in the Quebec epidemic of beer drinkers1 cardiomyopathy. Colloid depletion of the thyroid was the most constant and important finding. The quantity of colloid in the tissue sections was evaluated using a numer ical scanner that measured the density of tbs staining reaction with Schiff's solution. The cobalt salts added to the beer during the brewing process' and absorbed by tlM patients in significant amounts may constitute the main etiological factor. Cobalt has been shoem in the past to produce similar changes in the thyroid gland., --J. Am. Med. Assn, (teferencee It Reviews : ' I 980 Food Poisoning Due to Copper In Morning Tea. P. O. Nicholas. Lancet . 40-42 (July 6, 1968). ? . f An unusual form of acute food poisoning due to copper sulphate in the water of an uaserviced gas hot-water geyser is described, v The morning tea brewed with the water caused acute vomiting and diarrhea in 20 workmen. Unless care is taken to prevent copper corrosion in water heaters, the amount of copper in drinking water could bo raised. Though this contamin ation may not cause symptoms initially, copper lone could be built up in the human body over a long period and be a source of ill health. --J. Am. Med. 'Assn. References It Reviews i . t, 981 Copper, Zinc, Cadmium, and Lead in Human Blood From 19 Locations in the United States. J. Kubota, V. A. Lesar, and F. Loses. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 788-793 (June. 1968). ,' . ' . i Copper (Cu). sine (Zn). cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) were determined in 243 blood samples of male residents of 19 citfos la the continental!United States. The mean Cu and Zn concentrations: of all samples agreed closely with values reported byother Investigators. The means among the 19 locations, however, differed by threefold in Cu and fivefold in Zn. The levels of Cu and f Zn in blood in 17 locations were normally distributed about their means -except in two locations. Unlike Cu and Zn, the concentrations of Cd and Pb varied widely among samples from a given location. There are 20 references. --Authors'abst. 982 . studios in Humans on the Distribution of Mercury in the Blood and the Excretion in Urine After Exposure to Different Mercury Compounds. K. O. Lungrea. A. Swsnsson. and U. Ulfvarson. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 20. 164-166 (Nov. , 1967). Using neutron activation analysis, the mercury concentration in blood of 7 nonexposed control persons was 6-12 ngra/gm. In a group of persons exposed to methyl mercury vapors.. the mercury content in whole blood was 70-180 ngm/gm, in plasma 3-10 ngm/gm. A group of persona exposed to metallic mercury vapors had a mercury concentration in whole blood of 12-90 ngm/gm. in plasma 5-74 ngm/gm. The mercury concentration in urine was hardly increased la the alkyl mercury group but there was a fair increase in tbs metallic mercury group. It Is evident that the distribution of mercury in blood is quite different after exposure to different mercurials and so is the rate of excretion in urine. The distribution-excretion pattern may be used for diagnostic purposes, but excretion of mercury cannot be used to evaluate exposure to alkyl mercury salts. --APCA Absts. 19. 01 132 3888 Industrial Hraisn* Digest October. 1968 983 Relationship Bitwtw Environmental Exposure to Mercury and Clinical Observation. P. C. Rentos and E. J. Sellgman. Arch. Environmental Health 16, 794*800 (June. 1968). The problem* of refining metallic mercury a* they relate to the health of the worker are described. The reliability of several methods for assessing the work environment is shown and a relationship between high mercury environment, increased body load of mercury (as evidenced by urinary excretion), and symptoms of mercuriallsm in exposed mill workers is demonstrated. Because of the poor reliability of urine mercury levels In determining impending or early mercury poisoning, several biochemical analyses on blood of mill workers were performed. Support is given to the current threshold limit value (TLV) for mercury. However, the data show that this level contains no more than a safety factor of 2. There are Preferences. --Authors' abst. 984 Gas Chromatography of Nickel Carbonyl in Blood and Breath. F. W. 5undarman, Jr., N. O. Roscel, and R. J. Clark. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 836-843 (June, 1968). A gas chromatographic method has been developed for the detection of nickel carbonyl In blood and breath. Nickel carbonyl has been identified in blood following exposure of rats to nickel carbonyl by inhalation. Nickel carbonyl has also been Identified In breath following administration of nickel carbonyl to rats by intravenous injection. Therefore, this study has demonstrated that nickel carbonyl can pass across the pulmonary alveolus in either direction, without degradation or metabolic alteration. The gas chromatographic method is suggested as a technique for monitoring the concentrations of nickel carbonyl in industrial atmospheres and in the blood of workmen who are accidentally exposed to inhalation of nickel carbonyl. There are 17 references. --Authors' abst. 985 Twenty-Four Cases of Lead Poisoning. Ten Years Later. A. B. Rakow and J. Lisbon. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 785-787 (June, 1968). In this follow-up survey of 24 individuals whose conditions had been diagnosed as lead poisoning ten years ago, it was learned that eight are still working in the same Industry. Two of these are working In an industry with low lead exposure because of their frequent symptoms. Three additional men had returned to their jobs but only stayed a short period. Thirteen have, on advice of their physicians, never returned to their previous occupations and are now working indifferent ones. There are 4 references. --Authors' abst. 986 Acute Carbon Tetrachloride Hepatotoxiclty. IV. Liver and Serum Enayme Activity Durtm the Acute Damaie Phase, B. O. Diaman and I. A. Bernstein. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 770-776 (June, 1968). The general impression obtained from review of literature concerning CCI4-lnduced~hepatotaxicity suggests that oao should find a reciprocal relationship between serum ensymes and liver activity. This especially would apply if hepatocytes passively lost ensymes as a result of altered permeability or actual cellular disruption. Hepatocytes damaged by CCI4 may produce ensymo la response to injury. Whether such evolution could arise from de novo synthesis, activation of nascent easyme, overloading of protein degradation pathways, or CC^-induced steric rearrangements cannot be clearly determined. Regardless of the precise mechanism of ensyndc elaboration, an increase in these cellular and serum catalysts could represent a homeostatic rather than retrograde response; glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT)- and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT)-Induced gluconeogenesis may be a compensatory response to glycogen depletion. Possible compensatory ends met by other cellular enayme increaees are not apparent at this time. There are 18 references. Authors' abst. Industrial Hrsis ns Dtsset October . 196$ 987 Acute' Carbon Tetrachloride Hepatotoxicity. V. Enxvmatic Activity aad Structural Concomit">s During the Regenerative Phase. B. D. Dinman and I. A. Bernstein. Arch. Environmental Health U. 777-784 (June, 1968). j Serum aad hepatic easyme activity war# studied duriag tha regenerative phase following CCI4- induced liver damage. The structural changes seea la the 36th through 72ad hour postexposure i period were consistent with previous dascriptioas of the response. Other investigators hav > also noted biochemical concomitants of regeneration duriag tUs period, ie. increased protein synthesis aad mitotic activity; Serum eaxymes were found to increase ia association with j these regenerative chaages. The; increase of serum easyme was distinctly separable from prior elevations associated with acute tissue damage. Smaller doses (aad possibly lesser degrees of damage) caused this regenerative peak to appear earlier than with larger CCI4 j doses. The levels of hepatic glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (COT) aad glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) increased prior to the elevation of serum eaxymes at the low CCI4 dose, j but paralleled the serum increase at the higher dose level. There are 9 refereaces. --Authors' sbst. ' 988 The Effect of Aerially Applied MalathlOn on an Urban Population. A. L. Gardner aad R. E. Iverson. Arch. Environmental Health 16. 823-826 (June, 1968): During the St. Louis encephalitis epMemic la Corpus Christ!. Tex. , ia the fall of 1966. malathion was; applied by aerial spraying over the city aad outskirts to control the vector mosquito. A group of 119 volunteers who. received varying degrees of expCeure to this spray ! was studied. Thislnvolved comparing pre-spray aad poatapray cholinesterase activities and compiling histories of exposure aad symptoms. A 5% incidence of mild aad transient symptoms . such as headaCho. nausea, and weakness was noted la the exposed volunteers, but thsre were ao pathognomonic signs. Thsre was no correlation of symptom frequency or severity with easyme activity anil ao statistically or clinically significant change la easyme activity related to tlms of spraying. It was,concluded tint thsre is negligible risk to human health involved ia ..riU.wlteMn.M UUOlra. Th". " 1 I IWDPSTaiAL DUST, I 989 Alveolar Proteinosis. Its Experimental Production la Rodents. P. Cross aad R. T. p. deTreville. Areh. Pathol. 86. 255-261 (Sept.. 1968). ` Reprints availabTe from Industrial Hygiene Foundation. 5231 Centre Ave.. Pittsburgh. Pa 15232. j Rats exposed to very high concentrations of quarts dust developed alveolar proteiaoeis. This was associated ia some regions with foci of desquamative pneumonitis. In the proteinaceous material, there was much aggregated silica. Guinea pigs aad hamsters exposed ia the same chamber simoltaaeously with this rats had extensive, desquamative pneumonitis associated with 1 relatively little alveolar proteinosis. With the lapse of ttma, tha proteinaceous material ia the i air spaces tended to shrink and become friable and fragmented. Many air spaces became part ially emptied of the proteinaceous material, and the regions of Involvement became smaller. Alveolar proteinosis is considered to consist basically of two simultaneously occurring distur bances: fhlluro of tbs alveolar clearance mechanism, aad excessive production of alveolar macrophages. Perhaps a deficiency or lack of autolytie eaxymes la the macrophages may also be Involved. There are 9 references. --Authors'abst. 990 An Unusual Course of Pneumoconiosis in a Welder With Bilateral Spontaneous Pneumothorax (Polish). J. OobrowlsU. at al. Pol. Tyg. Lek. 22. 1814-1815 (Nov. 20. 1967). A case of an unusual course of iron pneumoconiosis is presented. Despite removal of the patient from his work ia welding fumes, the disease progressed, leading to almost simultan eous appearance of spontaneous bilateral, pneumothorax. Re-expansion of tha left luitg was . initiated early. The right lung was collapsed after three weeks of treatment. Right-sided j thoracotomy was performed aad emphysematous bullae were resected. Histopathologic exam- | 1nation of the specimen revealed a fibrous nodule containing numerous deposits of pigment that gave a positive reaction for iron. --Am. Rev. Reap. Die. Absts. 21. 01 132 3870 Industrial Hyslene Dimt October. 1968 991 Wet v. Dry Gas Cleaning in the Steel Industry. H. C. Henechen. J. Air Poll. Control Aeen. JJl, 338-342 (May. 1968). Deciding whether the gaa should be cleaned by a "dry" system or a "wet" system requires a full consideration of all factors of which the capital cost is only one. Anticipating the various problems which might be expected and designing adequate measures for each calls for major engineering effort, but only then can a best choice be made. The principles which govern the above are illustrated by a typical selection of gas cleaning equipment to be used as part of a BOF steel making installation. Two entirely different gas cleaning systems are presently in BOF service in North America. Both will do an excellent job if properly designed. Either system will cost in excess of $2, 000. 000 and will require careful control and large amounts of electrical power. One system, the dry electrostatic precipitator, requires humidification of the gaa; protection against explosions; elaborate electrical controls, insulators, etc.: and a rugged handling system for the bone dry dust collected. The other system, wet washing with water, is easier to control but uses large quantities of water and electric power. As in the case of the "dry" system, handling the dirt collected is a difficult problem requiring careful study and choice of equipment. In either case the dust may be discarded or reused, but it must be handled with care lest it become an air or stream pollution problem all over again. Author's abst. 992 Submicron Air Pollution and the Use of High Efficiency Filters. D. G. Carly. Heating Ventilating Engr. J. Air Conditioning (London) 41. 219-222 (Nov., 1967). Filter properties of submicron particle filters are discussed, after a description and graphic representation of the particle sises of airborne impurities. The filter structure should permit the accumulation of large dust quantities without excess rise in pressure loss. Since the course of small particles (less than 0. 3 u) across the filter will not be rectilinear, this increases the probability of their hitting a filter fiber and being retained. Adhesion can be Improved by moistened filter fibers as well as those having electrostatic properties. Controlled acceler ation of the airflow over the normal air velocity range of the filter also increases its efficiency. Capacity and exchange intervals are considerations in the selection of a filter. Exchange inter vals mainly depend on the relationship between filter surface area, air volume, dust particle sise. and dust concentration. For a given end resistance the life time of a submicron install ation of the disposable paper cell variety can be nearly squared by doubling its total surface. All submicron filters should be protected by relatively cheap coarse filters to extend their life expectancy. The sodium flame test, developed by the British Standards Institute, is standard for testing high-efficiency filters. It provides a quick and accurate test basis for comparing the dust removal efficiency of the various makes and types of filters. --APCA Absts. 993 Environmental Control in the Treatment of Allergic Individuals. L. S. Nelson. Lancet 86. (5). 221-225 (May. 1966). Roughing and electrostatic filter types are discussed and several described. Electrostatic precipitators caa stop more than 90% of die microscopic solids afloat in the air. Including bits as small as 0.001p. Dry roughing filters are 30-95% efficient on particles larger than S u. but are costly and must bo replaced when loaded with dirt. Efficiency studies on particle removal are of throo typos: the weight method, the dust spot staining method, or the particle count method. Evaluation procedures for ultrahigh-efficleney filters and electrostatic precipitators are fairly good, but there are no standards at present for the evaluation of roughing filters, nor is there aay agreed standard for the evaluation of pollen or virus efficiencies of filters. Standardisation of air cleaning devices is urgently needed. --APCA Absts. 994 The Prevalence of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis. W. K. C. Morgan. Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 98, 306-310 (Aug., 1968). A retrospective analysis was made of seven surveys of the prevalence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis is Appalachia. An attempt was made to relate the rank of the coal mined in a particular region to the prevalence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis in the same region. It was concluded that the hypothesis of Hart and Aslett holds true in Appalachia in that the higher the rank of coal mined, the greater thn.chatte of the disease developing. * ` * - -Author's summary 22. r\ 4 4^5 3871* Industrial Hvalane Direst October 1968 995 Aaboatoaia in Weetarn Australia. J. L. Eldar. Mad. J. Australia 1 ' 579-583 (Sapt. 23. 1967). j Thirty-one patients with asbestosis or asbestosis with alilcoaia have baaa atudiad at Sir Charles Gairdner Hoapital ovar a five-year period. Twenty-eight patients workad at Wlttenoom Gorge and 3 patiaota, at an aabaatoa cement works. The diagnosis of aabaatoaia waa mada on tha baaia of a history of exposure, raaulta of pulmonary function taata eharactarlatic of the dlffuaa intaratitial fibroaaa, and compatibla roaatganographic changaa. From a study of thaaa patients, tha following pointa emerged. (1) Under work conditiona at Wlttenoom Gorge in tha 1950'a, aj pariod of one and one-half to 12 yeara1 axpoaura waa aufficiant to produce appreciable dlsabil-j ity and death in 7 patianta wharaaa at tha eamant worka, prior to 1956, a pariod of 17 to 27 yaara waa necessary to produce disability, with death in only one patient.. (2) Aabaatoaia i often progresses after caseation of axpoaura. and pulmonary infection appears to accalarata I this progress. (3), Onca roentgenographic changaa are obvious, tha disease la wall advanced i and, as a corollary, a diagnosis of aabaatoaia on roaatganographic examination of tha chest inj early cases is extremely difficult and there is much observer variation, even among experts. (4) In an asbestos worker, a change in vital capacity in soma instances may indicate aabaatoaia before there la a definite change on tha cheat film. As a prophylactic measure, estimation of i the vital capacity before employment and at yearly intervals thereafter, in addition to the yearly examination of tha chest film, may indicate whlckworkers should move to a leas hatardoua industry. (5) Steroids do not appear to play any part in arresting the progress of the disease:: in faet, as infection tends to accelerate fibrosis in the experimental animal, and clinically in j man, steroids are beat avoided. In none of the 31 patients studied did calcified pleural plaques or mesothelioma develop, and bronchial carcinoma occurred in only one patient; but theae . complications would not be expected la the patients at Wlttenoom Gorge for another 10 to 20 years. _______. --Am. Rev. Rasp. Die. Abate.; Editor's Note: See also Abstract No. 912, this issus.. Rsadsrs concsrned about asbestos bioeffects will be interested in tha program of the Foundation's 3rd Fibrous Oust Seminar j (see Editorial, this Issue). --R. T. P. deT. 996 Duatfall lh the Vicinity of Cement Plants With Respect to Possible Disabilities. Part g. H. J. Eiabrodt. et al. Arch. Hyg. Bafctsriol. 151. 211-229 (Aug., 1967). German. Air-borne dust levels in the environment ofeement works were measured and their chemical and mineralogical composition examined. Values of SiOj and AljO) ranged, respectively, from 14. 57 and 3.97% at 400 m to 17.29 and 4.20% at 1000 m. Fibrous changes in tha lungs of the neighboring population are not expected, owing to the very low quarts content. Prelim inary examination showed that thorn was no jtacrease in bronchitis in females dwelling near cement works, compared with those la other living areas. --A PCA Abata. I PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT 1 ! 997 Heatstroke Caused bv Dehydration and Physical Effort. E. Sohar. et al. Arch. Internal hied. 11. 159-161 (Aut.. 1960). , Heatstroke dovolopod in a young, well-acclimatised man, who, while dehydrated, participated > In stroaeboe physical exercise of short duration. Tha clinical picture included coma, convul sions* excessive body temperature, disturbances in clotting and other ensymatie mechanisms, and acute renal failure. Therapeutic measures Included rapid cooling under anesthesia (to avoid convulsions and shivering), maintenance of water and electrolyte balance, transfusions of fresh blood and plasma, and hemodialysis; Three features of this case--continued sweating, short duration of a severe physical effort, and mild ambient temperature--support the concept j that heatstroke develops when excessive body temperature becomes la itself a noxious agent. i damaging the body's tissues. The steep rise in body temperature is due to the inability of the j heat-dlssipatiag mechanism to dissipate excess body heat, either because the mechanism is damaged or because of overloading of a normal heat-dissipating mechanism. --X. Am. Med. Assn. References h Reviews 23. 01 132 3872 Industrial Hygiene Digest October. 1968 ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS 998 Standardization of Method* tor Measurement of Air Pollutant*. B. E. Saltzman. J. Air Poll. Control Aaan. _1_8. 326*329 (May. 1968). Currently available compilations of method* of air analysis are listed. Collaborative testing is urgently needed to reconcile differences and to demonstrate the accuracy of these methods. The Analytical Methods Evaluation Service of the National Center for Air Pollution Control conducted a survey of the instruments and manual methods of analysis in us*. Responses are tabulated from about 80 laboratories, in 28 states and 3 foreign countries. Sulfur dioxide was the most widely measured pollutant. The first collaborative study organised by the Analytical Methods Evaluation Service is described. The purpoee wae to evaluate the permeation tube technique as a primary standard method for generating known sulfur dioxide concentrations for instrument calibration and methods testing. Although a good beginning has been made, the testing of methods for measuring air pollutants has barely begun. There are 20 references. Author's abst. 999 New Procedure Checks Vehicle Exhaust Emissions. Anon. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2. 13-16 (Jan., 1968). The N. J. Department of Health awarded a two-year contract to Scott Research Laboratories to develop a rapid low-cost diagnostic test for exhaust emissions from automobiles. It was this project that led to a new teat sequence and equipment that takes 1 min. to complete at a cost of 30 to 40 cents per test. The test procedure gives information on the composition of automobile exhaust emissions. These data, in turn, provide a basis for determining the proper maintenance program needed to reduce vehicle emissions. The test procedure takes only a minute for a complete analysis and gives data equivalent to those obtained from the lengthier (17 min.) existing federal procedure that was used to set federal emission standards for 1968 automobiles. The Scott system employs a set of inertial rolls with a fixed load that serves as external loading to absorb the power output of the automobile. This fixed loading system is inexpensive and requires minimal skill to operate. Yet, data so obtained correlate well with those from the federal procedure. --APCA Absts. 1000 Field Testing Program for Carbon Monoxide. J. D. Rayfield. J. Med. Assn. State Alabama 36, 1494. 1496. 1498-1499, lS02(June. 1967). Two programs are described which are related to public health and CO poisoning: a home - testing program, and a school bus testing program. The first program, which began Feb. 2. 196$. led to testing of homes after physician referral of a family or persons with symptoms of CO poisoning. All household appliances which could be a source of CO were tested, including hot water heaters, gas ovens, ranges, and space heaters. To date, 223 appliances have been tested, of which 101 were positive for CO. In a follow-up inspection of defective appliances. 93% of the occupants claimed either complete recovery or marked improvement. Case historie are described. The unseated space heater was the primary source of CO poisoning in the home Continuous exposure to very low levels of CO in homes is a very definite health hasard. The second test program was initiated after two children arrived at school unconscious; they had been tho first to be loaded on the school bus and had been riding about 49 min. Asa result. 191 school buses were tested and CO found in levels from a trace to 800 ppm in 99 buses. Exhaust systems of school buses should be redesigned to obviate poesible exhaust leaks into the bus through the emergency door and the floor board. School buses should bo examined frequently for possible CO exposure of occupants. --APCA Absts. 1001 Appraisal and Modification of West-Gaeke Method for Sulfur Dioxide Determination. N. M. Trieff. et al. J. Air Poll. Control Assn. .18. 329-331 (May. 1968). Reliable results can be obtained by the West-Gaeke method for the determination of SOt if stock solutions of dye arc* made from the same dye batch at the same time. Gum arabic enhances significantly the stability of the SOftetrachloromercurate complex only at high 24. Industrial Hviisne Dissst October. 1 concentrations of SO* pg/ml). Tha rats of color decay is grsatsr >< that which has boon indicated in the literature. The absorbance of the reagent blank rises with time. Error analysis showed the probable relative error of SOt concentration to be a#. 6%. There are 12 references, i ' Authors1 conclusions I 1002 Measurement of Odorous Air Pollutants. T. Lindvall. [ Nord. Hyg. Tldskr.47 (2). 41.71 (1966).. Swedish. > I Psychometric methods for the subjective determination of odorous air pollutants are surveyed, I with a discussion of the physiological and psychological bases of smell. Since odors are a | problem of environmental hygieiu. they are studied at present by the determination of an odor I threshold in a series of diluted air samples. Some of the problems involved in such determine* j tions are mentioned: individual variation, adaptation, background variables, climate, etc. j Psychometric methods used, such as stimulus presentation and indicator response, and the j principles of extrapolating supraliminal intensities.' are discussed, as well as ths different ! types of olfactometers. Odor thresholds found in the literature are rarely similar, due to i the Inaccuracy of the physical and chemical analytic methods used and to the varyingstatis tical and sampling techniques employed. Different odors may also interact so that tbo threshold to the combined smells may.not be merely additive. Annoyance from odors is best studied by epidemiological methods where the.exposure dose is known. ' --APCA Abets. J I PREVENTIVE ENGINEERING ~~1 j 1003 New Hish-Efflcioncr Mist Collector. J. W. CoykendaiU E. T. Spencer, and O. K. York. | J. Air Poll. Control Assn. 18. 31S-318 (May. 1944). I The recently developed York Type P acid mist scrubber collects phosphoric acid mists and other very fine liquid particulates with Very.high efficiency with moderate pressure drop and high throughput. The collector consists of a single vessel containing two stainless stsel wire mesh contactors. The collector converts submicroa sise acid mist into larger liquid particles J which are collected and separated from the gas stream before being discharged from ths collector.' The first commercial unit started operation in July. 1964, and four additional units have since boon installed. Collectloa efficiency is 99.9+% at a pressure drop of 33-44 in water gauge. The ; scrubber is compact and has no moving parts. Collected acid drains by gravity to a receiving i tank. Experimental development work is described and design parameters such as efficiency. 1 gas velocity, and pressure drop are discussed. There are 4 references. --Authors' abst. 1004 Oneratins Experience With a flooded Disc Scrubber - A New Variable Throat Orifice Contactor, j A. B. WPlkeAaadB. M. Hall. J. Air Poll. Control Assn. U, 319-323 (May. 1964). , On the basis of both laboratory taste under controlled conditions and field feasts on a variety of j applications, it has boon shown that the performance of ths flooded disc scrubber, a new variable { throat orffUo contactor, is equivalent in performance to ether typos of inertial impaction scrub- j bars - as predicted by both the inertial Impaction and energy input theories of particulate scrub- | biag. lt is further evident, from ths correlatloa of pilot and full scala scrubber operations on I given applications, that thorn is little, if any. scale-up factor required la tho appllcatioa of pilot | scale dnfea to him1 scalp design,.' However, in applications where thorn is a high degree of varia tion ta.process conditions, care must be taken to execute pilot plant tests over the entire range of ths process variables or underconditions closely simulating anticipated full scale conditions. j There are 13 references. --Authors' summary 23. ' i 01 132 3874 Industrial Hygiene Digest COMMUNITY AIR HYGIENE October. 1968 1005 Estimates of Air Pollution In Great Britain in 1966. A. Parker. Smokeless Air (London) 38 (144). 114-1 1 5 (Winter. 1967). Estimates, which will be included in the Clean Air Year Book of 1968-69. are tabulated. The total amounts of pollutants discharged from the commercial and industrial consumption of coal and oil were 0. 96 million tons (m. tons) of smoke. 0.6 m. tons of grit and dust, and 6. 38 m. tons of SOj. From the domestic and industrial consumption of coke, 0. 97 m. tons of smoke. 0. 6 m. tons of grit and dust, and 4. 26 m. tons of SO] were produced. All this pollution is estimated to have emanated from the combustion of 172.1 m. tons of coal. 12. 6 m. tons of coke, and 59. 0 m. tons of oil. Pollutants from the operation of road vehicles, using 11. 322 m. tons of gasoline and 4. 041 m. tons of diesel fuel, are listed: CO (5. 38 m. tons), hydrocarbons (0. 276 m. tons), aldehydes (0. 013 m. tens), oxides of nitrogen (0. 23 m. tons), and SOt (0. 05 tons). --APCA Absts. 1006 Effects of Air-Fuel Stoichiometry on Air Pollutant Emissions From an Oil-Fired Test Furnace. 7. H. Wasser, R. P. Hangebrauck. A. J. Schwarts. J. Air Poll. Control Assn. IS. 332-337 (May. 1968). This paper describes an experimental, domestic-sised. oil-fired furnace to be used for evaluation of fuel additives and equipment design modifications in reducing air pollutant emissions. Operating data and emissions of particulate matter, a moke, carbon monoxide, gaseous hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, and oxides of sulfur are reported over the range of operable air-fuel ratio. Emission levels are interpreted in terms of key operating para meters and potential areas for reduction of emissions. There are 19 references. -Authors' abst. 1007 Injury by Sulfur Dioxide. Hvdroien Fluoride, and Chlorine as Observed and Reflected on Vegetation in the Field. I. J. Hindawl. J. Air Poll. Control Assn. UL 307-312 (May, 1968). Plants were examined at three different locations In the eastern part of the United States to determine whether damage from air pollution had occurred. This per discusses sulfur dioxide damage in the metropolitan New York City area; hydrogen . oride damage near a glass fiber manufacturing plant in the midwest; and hydrochloric ac.id mist and chlorine damage from a manufacturing operation in an eastern state. The symptoms that developed la vegeta tion were often found to be similar. Chemical and microscopical analyses were helpful in diagnosing the toxicants. There are 24 references. --Author's abst. 1008 Ultrastructural Effects of Air Pollution on Lung Cells. R. F. Bils. J. Air Poll. Control Assn. ,18, 313-314 (May. 1968). The lungs of exposed mice taken during 2- to 3-hour heavy smog periods (over 0. 4 ppm total oxidants) sheered various degrees of cytoplasmic damage in the alveolar epithelial cells. The extent of damage was markedly age-dependent. Alveolar wall cells taken during heavy smog from 5-month-old animals contained slightly more lamellar inclusion bodies than corresponding animals kept in clean air. The cytoplasm of alveolar cells of 9-month-old animals sacrificed during heavy smog was severely disorganised: however, animals of this age showed a (narked recovery 14 hours following the smog peak. In a group of older mice (21 months), similar cytoplasmic damage was obvious, and those sacrificed 24 hours after the heavy smog peak showed even more cellular disruption, suggesting irreversible damage in the older animals. The effect of synthetic photochemical smog showed a pattern of ultrastructural alterations similar to that of the heavy natural smog. Some permanent changes occurred in alveolar cells of 15-month-old mice. Partial recovery of lining cells took place, but few wall cells and phagocytes remained. If older lung tissue has relatively fewer wall cells as is indicated, recovery Is decreased to the point of permanent damage. Coupled with extensive disruption of lining membranes, exposures of this nature may well cause the death of older animals. Thera are 9 references. . --Author's abst. 26. 01 132 3875 Industrial Hrsiene Dit October. 1968 i 1009 1 Biological Effects of Urban Air Pollution. V. A Study of Effects of Los Ante lee A--abhors on Laboratory Rodents. L. G. Wayne and L. A- Chambers. .,, , * r Arch. Environment*! Health16. 871.885 (June. 1968). ' Rodents exposed to tho ambient atmosphere of Los Angeles throughout their lives have been studied in comparison with animals maintained in smog-filtered atmospheres. In aging inbred mice of certain strains, there trae M increased incidence of pulmonary adenoma. In one strain mortality of; male's (but not feriiales) during the first year of life wae increaaed. Severe smog j episodes caused lung tissue alterations at the ultras true tural level, eepeciaily in mice older j than 15 months. Severe episode a produced transient Increases in pulmonary resistance in I old guinea pigs but no demonstrable chronic'or cumulative effects on this parameter. In . - j guinea pigs sensitised byprior stress treatment, urinary excretion of 17-ketogonlc steroids ] was enhanced by ambient atmoephere expoaure. After two or three years of exposure, rabbits j exhibited reduced activity of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase in blood serum. There are 14 { references^ .. --Authors1, abet. } 1010 Acute Effects of Air Pollutants on the Lunge;1 P. M. Avisdo and H. Salem. Arch. Environmental Health 16. ` 903-907 (June.. 1968); . . The inhalation of chamlcala initiates responses which can be grouped into four areas: (1). the airways whichrespondby bronchoconstriction to initiate the cough reflex; (2) the bron chial blood vessels which undergo changes to j reduce absorption of the chemical substances via the bronchial mucosa; (3) the pulmonary blood vessels whlch respond to reduce absorption of the toxic irritants via the alveolar capillaries::and (4) the heart and systemic vessels which retard the distributton of the chemical-substance to the vital organs; There are 38 references. Authors' abet. 1011 HowWeother Affects Air Pollution--And Vice Versa. D.Lohman. Penn. Hbalth28.~i(2K 12-14',(Summer. 1967). , The meteorlogical conditions which are important to air gieliulion are discussed: dispersion (lateral, vertical). wind speed. and stability. Where the temperature of a.layer of atmosphere increases lnstead of decreasing with height, an inversion coaditton exists and the air is very stable, capturing sir pollutants below thawarmerlayer. When subsiding layers of air become warmerthan the layersofair beneath them, an inversion, termed a subsidence inversion, is fortned.Bothhdads of inversions can affect air pollution. Air pollution may also affect the weather by forming condensation nuclei for raindrops, thus leading to increased rainfall, or. if too many condensation nuclei fdrniu' the water vapor condenses into a mist rather than falling as rain. tbus causing some droughts. Air pollutloa. aside from changing air tempera ture by the shielding effect of CO may,also decrease the amount of sunshine reaching the earth's surface. ' . --APCA Absts. 1012 Recovery of Hsat and Chosnicnls' Ftwm KraftTurnace flue Cases. I. r Shah. Paper Trade J. H2. 48-47 (March 11. 1968). .;rT..;'. The toe.overy:furnace is. the prishe eource of lcyaft mill air ppllutloa. The mechanism of the , releaep af sodium compounds and sulfur-bearing malodorous gases is outlined. For-the re- , - coweryLM heat and ciMinicais from the flue gas leaving ths recovory furnace there are three system* in wide use in North America: the cascade precipitator system., -the cyclone-pro- clpltater system, and the veaturi-evaporator-scrubber system. The operating characteristics, and the advantages and disadvaatages of these systems are discussed. --A PCA Abets. -*i M:'27'!' 01 l32 3876 . Induatrial Hygiene Placet October. 1968 1 01 J Air Pollution Problema at * Proooacd Merzcvaidc Chemical Fertilizer Plant; A Caae Study. R. S. Scorer. Atm. Environ. 2, 3S-48 (Jan., 1968). Thia ftudy waa undertaken on behalf of Shellatar Limited in 1966, who planned to build a fertilizer plant on the aouth aide of the Meraey eatuary. The chief problema aroee from ita i cloaeneaa to the town of Helaby, aome of whoae houaea are on high ground within a mile of the aite. There waa alao the riak of a haze of ammonium compounde of a kind already experienced on Teen-aide. From a atudy of recorda aelected from auitably choaen meteorological office atationa and a knowledge of the topography and the behavior of fog and winda in the Meraeyaide area it waa found that in very atable condtttone the air drift waa away from Helaby and that although the moat common wind waa from the aite toward Helaby thia waa normally more unatable and freeher than average. The foga on Meraeyaide are of a quite different nature fromthoae on Teea-aide and no chemical haze problem ia expected. The caae itluatratea the importance of making the correct correlationa of meteorological elementa becauae the prime facie implicationa of long-term averagea of individual elementa are quite mialeading la thia caae. None of the important problema in thia caae were aoluble by uae of diapereioa formulae. During the atudy it became obvioua that although there ia often a eerioua reduction in vialbillty in the aouth Meraeyaide area from diataat pollution, domeatic pollution in Helaby la the worat problem there. Other major aourcea are the BICC worka in Helaby, Inca Power Station, Stan- low Refinery, and road and rail traffic. The traffic waa alao a aubatantial aource of nolae. The new plant would not be a aource aa bad aa any of theae. --A PCA Abate. 1014 The Double Contact Proceaa For Sulfuric Acid Production. W. Moeller and K. Winkler. J. Air Poll. Control Aaan. 8, 324-325 (May. 1968). In the uaual contact planta 97-98% of the SOj ia oxidized to SO] while the remaining 2-3% nonoxidised SO, are emitted. The atack gaa generally containa 0. 2-0. 3% by volume SO,. Through changing to the Bayer Double Contact proceaa, the converaion can be raiaed to 99. 5% or higher. The aulfuric acid can be produced at the eame coat aa with the alngle contact method, eince the additional capital inveatment ia compenaated by higher yield and throughput (thia appliea to Germany). Baaed on equilibrium conaideratlona, the ratea of converaion obtainable with the contact and double contact proceaaee are ahown. The theoretical reaulta are compared with the valuea obtained in practical operatione. The fuadamentale of the proceaa are explained and the experience ao far accumulated la diacuaaed. The flrat double contact plant waa atarted up in March, 1964. By the end of 1966 aa many aa aixteen double contact planta were in operation and a further ten will go into production during 1967. Theae planta uae eulfur, pyrite. zinc aulfide, or aulfatea aa raw materiala. One reference la given. --Authora' abat. 1015 The Dieael Engine and Atmoaphorlc Pollution. H. E. Stylee, J. V re boa. and P. J. Lawther. World Health Organ. Chroa. (Geneva) 21, 201-206 (May, 1967). According to thia review (baaed on report WHO/AP/67/28), the actual contribution of the dieael engine to air pollution la a relatively minor one and could be controlled with little difficulty and at amall coat by appropriate aelection of engine power and by the proper calibration, maintenance, and overhaul of fuel pumpa and injectora. No exceaa of lung cancer or chronic bronchitic haa boon demonatrated in groupa occupationally expoaed to high levela of vehicular exhauat. A uaual method of inveatlgation la that involving detailed analytic of materiala from engine exhauata under controlled, defined operating eondltiona. Thia method ahould be eup- plemented by accurate meaaurementa of the levela of a pacific pollutanta ia the ambient air. Motor vehicle exhauata are regarded aa very minor aourcea of atmoaphorlc pollution compared with the inefficient combuatioa of coal. The odor of dieael exhauata la frequently objectionable, but the chemical nature of the offending aubataacea ia unknown. Dieael enginea that emit need- leaa amounta of amoke are either underpowered or overloaded, and in either caae are being overfueled. --APCA Abate. $,1 132 3877 28 Industrial Hyiisns Difst- _________ October, 1968 i 1016 Htttrdt in Diesel Smoke. B. P. Sinha and S. Pande. J. Indian Mad. Assn. 49. 330-332 (Oct.. 1967). ' ' ' I Four mongrel dogs wars fad standard msala and subjactad for 15 min. daily to tha combustion products (concentration not estimated) of diasal fual in a wooden chamber for 5*8 weeks or until death. Tha diasal fuel previously had bean sprayed and burned in tha air inside tha posura chamber. After 2 weeks, they developed anorexia, dermatitis, conjunctivitis, scleritis, ulcerations, generalised wasting, dullness, tonic and clonic convulsions, smphysema. liver changes, and pulmonary edema. Three diedl The results are compared with others reported elsewhere. -APCA Abets. 1017 Influence of Fuel Properties and Effect of Antismoke Additives on Diesel Ehaiut Smoke. G. McConnell, et al. SAE J. 76. 36-46 (March. 1968). Smoke is the predominant characteristic of diesel exhaust. The effect of a change in fuel cetane number or volatility on smoking is unpredictable. Changing either the mode of operation or the engine design may bo a belter way to improve smoking in the diesel exhaust. Anti-smoke ; additives on the other hand, particularly barium-treated additives, have reduced diesel smoke significantly. --APCA Abate. 1018 Benxofalpyrene in Gasoline Partially Persists in Automobile Exhaust, C. R. Begeman and J. M. Colucci. Science 161. 271 (July 19, 1968). On average 36 percent of the beaso(a)pyrene in an automobile's exhaust gas comes from the benso(a)pyrene originally in the gasoline. Between 0.1 and 0.2 percent of the beasbfa)pyrene in the gasoline survives the combustion process and is recovered from tl exhaust; 5 percent accumulates in the crankcase oil. Some of the benso(a)pyrene in the gasoline is converted into other polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and other more polar compounds. For our experiments we used commercial gasoline containing benso(a)pyrene at 1. 0 part per million to which was added bonso(a)pyreae-8, 9-**C at 1.1 parts per million as a radioactive tracer. There are 6 references. --Authors' abst. /> I ACCIDENTS AND PREVENTION [ 1019 Mesentery and Bowel Injury From Automotive Seat Belts. C. L. Witte. Ann. Suri. 167. 486 (19681. i In reporting five cases of ruptured intestine and/or laceration of intestinal mesentery caused by acuta frontal deceleration against lap seat belts, U Is suggested that further improvements in the design of seat bolts should bo developed. The impact force in a head-on collision Is estimated at about 2000 pounds, and experimental work shows that the sudden application of 8 pounds raises Internal Jojuaal pressure to 300 mm. Kg. the level beyond which small intes tine ruptures. The small bowel characteristically ruptures on the antimesenteric border in a length-wise direction. - Qastrie and colonic perforations are uncommon. The forward acceler ation of do upper torso with a constrained pelvis may also cause the lap seat belt to act as a fulcrum ter acute flsartoa of the trunk. A shoulder harness may prevent this as well as the facial end head lajurlos caused by the head strlUng the dashboard.. The standard seat belt does heap the victim in the ear and thus undoubtedly reduces the severity of the injuries, but there are injuries attributed to its use. Further modification of seat bolt design is needed. --Can. Med. Assn. J. Absts. 1020 W rinser Injuries in Children. J. E. Allen. A. R. Beck, and T. C. Jewett. Jr. Arch. Surg. 97.194-197 (Aug., 1968). 01 132 3878 The majority of the patioate with wringer injuries coma from lower economic groups where this typo of washing machine is usually used and where parental supervision may be less rigid. Friction and compression forces cause a variety of tissue damage. With a uniform program of hospital admission, bulky coitipras.slan^ressings, constant elevation, and dose observation.^ 93% of 11S patients had no Larting^ieqRallae from their injuries. Public education on the hazards of a wringer washing machine, better safety features, and closer supervision of the child would help prevent such injuries. ' --J. Am. Msd. Assn. References k Reviews Industrial Hygiene Digest October. 1968 INDEX Accident(s) injury)ias) meaantery and bowal from saat bait* wringer, in childran Air pollutanta acuta effect* on lung* standardization for measurement Air pollution biological effects of urban control at Merseyside fertilizer plant contact sulfuric acid production recovery of heat and chemicals from kraft flue gases from diesel engine measurement) s) emissions from oil-fired test furnace in Great Britain in 1966 meteorology effect of weather ultrastructural affects on lung calls vagatatlon damage in the field Alabama field testing program for carbon monoxide Alcoholism demineralisation of dorsum sellae AUergy(les) roughing and electrostatic filters for control Alveolar proteinosis experimental production in rodents Analysts, measurement of air pollutants Arsenic, affect on inflammation Asbestosls, in western Australia Atherosclerosis in person dying violently Australia, asbostosis in western 1019 1020 1010 998 1 009 1013 1014 1012 1015 1006 1005 1011 1 008 1007 1000 932 993 989 998 976 995 941 995 Benzo(a)pyrene. in exhaust gases Benzoyl peroxide-sulfur lotions treatment of acne Black bears, trichinosis in Vermont Brucella abortus in cream products Burns pulmonary complications in patients treatment pseudomonas vaccine and hyper- . immune plasma Bursitis, short term treatment of acute 1018 967 953 934 962 963 933 Cadmium in human blood severe occupational poisoning electrode fumes Canadian Eskimos glycosuria and diabetes in Cancer lung relation to smoking and fuel consumption from 981 977 943 * 9*#-' ^ 30. Cancer (Continued) value of six-monthly chest radiographs nasal in woodworkers Carbon monoxide field testing program in Alabama poisoning myocardial toxicity neurological complications Carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity acute Cement plants dustfall in vicinity and possible lung damage Chlorine injury to vegetation in the field Chromic add respiratory tract lesions fromplatlng Coal workers prevalence of pneumoconiosis Cobalt thyroid changes in Quebec beer drinkers Copper in human blood poisoning la morning tea Cream products. Brucella abortus in 949 952 1000 968 969 987 986 996 1007 978 994 979 981 980 934 Dermatitis, dermatosis(es) Fabre. Jean Henri and patch test from nickel implanted earrings treatment benzoyl peroxide-sulfur lotions Diabetes in Canadian Eskimos mellitus, in old age Diesel effect of antismoke additives on exhaust ~ engine air pollution smoke hazarde Drug abusere, characteristics of Dust(s) alveolar proteinosis from quarts collector(s) collection wet vs dry gas cleaning in steel industry in vicinity of cement plants and possible lung damage 964 965 967 943 942 1017 1015 1016 927 989 991 996 Electrostatic precipitator)a) control of allergies 99} Emphysema cooperative study of measurements 960 pulmonary densltometric analysis of lung tissue 9}g effect of cigarette smoke g*7 01 132 3879 Industrial Hygiene Digest Exhaust tasee, automotive ensine* benxo(a)pyrena content dieset(s) *ir pollution from efface of aatismoke additive la hazards ia amok* new procedure for checking Eye annual review: the leaa and vitreoua reading aide for the partially eighted 1018 I 01 $ 1017 1016 999 928 929 Fabre, Jean Henri, and the patch teat Fertilizer plant air pollution control at Mareeyaide Filter(a) high efficiency for submicron partielea Fluoride(a) determiaatioa ia boae with fluoride electrode Food(a) Brucella abortua ia cream producta poiaoniag due to copper ia morning tea 964 1013 992 970 934 980 Great Britain eatimatioa of air pollution in I960 1005 Haaaen'a dlaeaae (toproay) ia Toronto area Health to meet the nation's need. 1968 Shatruck lecture Heart diaeaaa relation to occupation and education Heatatroko cauaed by dehydration and phyaical effort Hydrogen fluoride injury to vegetation ia the field Hydrogen eulfldo, haaarda of Hyportonaloa licorice effect of induced paeudoaldoateroaiam 966 926 938 997 1007 971 939 940 Insecticides effect of serially applied malathioa oa urban population 988 Kraft flue eases recovery of heat and chemicals 1012 Laser(s), hepatic injury 961 Lead in human blood 981 poisoning 24 cases 10 years later 985 effect oa renal tubule 973 Leprosy (Hansen's dlaeaae) In Toronto area 966 ; # October. 1968 Licorice effect on hypertension induced paeudoaldostaronism Lung() acute effects of air pollutants cytoplasmic activity is Type I pulmon ary epithelial cells ultrastructural effects of air pollution 939 940 1010 93; 1008 Malathion effect of aerially applied on urban population Medical crisis in our time Mercury distribution ia blood and urine In humans environmental exposure and clinical observation Metals, ia human blood Misery annual cycle ia ventilatory capacity of men with pneumoconiosis Mist collector, for phosphoric add Mite infestations of man contracted from dogs and cats Movie projectionists chronic nonspecific respiratory disease ia 988 925 982 983 981 959 1003 954 930 Nickel dermatitis from Implanted earrings 965 Nickel carbonyl gas chromatography ia blood and breath 984 Nitrogen dioxide lung function following exposure and recovery 972 Odorfe) measurement of air pollutants Oil-fired tost furnace measurement of air pollutants from Ophthalmology annual review* the leas and vitreous reading aids for the partially sighted Oxygon adverse effect on tracheal mucus flow concentration ia teats and incubators ia pediatric practice 1002 1006 928 929 97 5 931 Phosphoric acid mist collector Pigeon fanciers infiltrative lung disease Plague human. InU.S.. 1900-1966 Pneumoconiosis annual cycle ia ventilatory capacity ia men ia a welder prevalence of coal workers' Psychiatry characteristics of drug abusers 1003 951 955 95=1 "0 994 927 01 132 3880 Industrial Hygiene Digest Pulmonary complication* in burn* p*ti*nt 962 of mechanical ventilation 937 cytoplaemic activity in Typa I epithelial cell* 935 surface tension after sulfur dioxide exposure 974 Quarts dust, alveolar proteinosis from 989 Quebec thyroid changes in bser drinkers 979 Scrubber operating experience with flooded disc 1004 Seat belts, mesentery and bowel injury 1019 Smoking during pregnancy 950 effect(e) nicotine cardiovascular associated with 946 circulatory, of aerosol 944 on emphysema 957 habits of men in industry, and mortality 948 mouth absorption of various compounds 947 Steel industry, wet vs dry gas cleaning 991 Sulfur dioxide determination West-Gaeke method 1001 injury to vegetation in tha field 1007 pulmonary surface tension altar exposure 974 Sulfuric acid pollution control in contact process 1014 Threshold limit values of air-borne contaminants for 1968 Toronto, leprosy (Hansen1* dieeasol Toxicology, in the emergency room Trichinosis, in Vermont black bears Tuberculosis natural history of in human body p.lii 966 956 953 936 Vermont, trichinosis in black bears 953 Weather, effect on air pollution Weldor unusual courao of pneumoconiosis West-Gaeko method for sulfur dioxide determination Woodworkers, nasal cancer W ringer injuries in children 1011 990 1001 952 1020 Zinc, in human blood 981 Zoonoses human plague in U.S.. 1900-1966 955 mite infestations of man contracted from dogs and cats 954 pigeon fanciers lung diseases 951 trichinosis in Vermont black bears 953 . V * 32. October. 1968 01 132 3881 Industrial Hygiene Dlqsat ADDRESSES OF JOURNALS ABSTRACTED Octobar. 1968 Air Air Engineering P. O. Box 6000 Birmingham. Mich. 48012 Am. J. Clin. Pathol. Amarican Journal of Clinical Williams 6 Wilkins Co. 428 E. Prsston St. Baltimore. Md. 21202 Pathology Am. Rsv. Rssp. Pis. American Rsvisw of Respiratory Diseases 1790 Broadway New York. N. Y. 10019 Anal. Cham. Analytical Chemistry 1155 Sixteenth St. Washington. D. C. 20036 Ann. Internal Med. Annals of Internal Medicine 4200 Pine St. Philadelphia. Pa. 19104 Ann. Surg. Annals of Surgery J. B. Lippineott Co. E. Washington Sq. Philadelphia. Pa. 191 OS Arch. Dermatol. Archives of Dermatology S33 N. Dearborn St. Chicago. III. 60610 Arch. Environmental Health Archives of Environmental Health S3S N. Dearborn St. Chicago. III. 60610 Arch. Hvi. Bakteriol. Archiv fur Hygiene uad Bakterielogi* Urban k Scbwarseaberg Psttenkofarstrasse IS Munches IS. Germany Arch. Internal Med. A rehives of Internal Medicine 535 N. Dearborn St. Chicago. 111. 60610 Arch. Maladies Profess. Travail Securite Sociale Madison Editeur Cle 120 Blvd. St. - Germain Paris 6. France Med. , '*** & 33. Arch. Ophthalmol. Archives of Ophthalmology 535 N. Dearborn St. Chicago. III. 60610 Arch. Pathol. Archives of Pathology 535 N. Dearborn St. Chicago. 111. 60610 Arch. Sure. Archives of Surgery 535 N. Dearborn St. Chicago. 111. 60610 Atmospheric Environ. Atmospheric Environment Pergamoa Pr., Inc. 44-01 21st St. Long Island City. N. Y 11101 Brit. J. Prev. Soc. Med. British Journal of Preventive and Medicine British Medical Association B. M.A. House. Tavistock Sq. London, W.C. 1. England Social Brit. J. Radiol. British Journal of Radiology 32 Welbeck St. London, W. 1, England Brit. Med. J. British Medical Journal Tavistock Sq. London, W.C. 1. England Can. Med. Assn. J. Canadian Medical Association Journal 150 St. Georgs St. Toronto 5, Canada Cham. Eng. News Chemical h Engineering News 1155 Sixteenth St.. N.W. Washington. D. C 20036 Clin. Pharmacol. Thor. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics C. V. Moaby Co. 3207 Washington Blvd. St. Louis. Mo. 63103 Diseases of Chest American Collegeof Chest Physicians 113 E. Chestnut St. Chicago. III. 60611 01 *32 388-2 Industrial Hvrin Diget October. 1968 Environ. Sci. Technol. Environmental Science and Technology American Chemical Society 1 1 55 l 6th St.. N. W. Washington, 0. C. 20036 Geriatrics 84 S. 10th St. Minneapolis, Minn. 55403 Heating and Ventilating Engineer and Journal of Air Conditioning Technitrade Journals Ltd. 11/13 Southampton Row London, W. C. 1. England Israel J. Med. Sci. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences Weizmann Science Press, Jerusalem, Israel J. Air Poll. Control Assn. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association 4400 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh. Pa. 15213 J. Am. Med. Assn. Journal of the American Medical Association 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago. III. 60610 J. Indian Med. Assn, Journal of the Indian Medical Association 23 Samavaya Mansions - Corporation Place Calcutta 13, India J. Med. Assn. State Alabama Journal of the Medical Association of the State of Alabama 19 S. Jackson St. Montgomery, Alabama 36104 Lancet 7 Adam St., Adelphi London, W. C. 1. England Med. Bull. (Std. Oil N.J.) Medical Bulletin (Standard Oil N. Jersey) 30 Rockefeller Plasa New York. N. Y. 10020 Med. J. Australia Medical Journal of Australia Seamer St., Glebe Sidney, N.S.W.. Australia New Engl. J. Med. New England Journal of Medicine 10 Shattuck St., Boston. Mass. 02115 Nord. Hyg. Tldskr. Nordisk Hygienisk Tidskrift Box 403, Stockholm, Sweden Paper Trade J. Paper Trade Journal F Lockwood Trade Journal Co., Inc. 49 W. 45th St., New York. N. Y. 10036 34. Penn. Health Pennsylvania's Health, Dept, of Health Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Harrisburg, Pa. 17120 Penna. Med. Pennsylvania Medicine Pennsylvania Medical Society Taylor Bypass and Erford Road Lemoyne, Pa. 17043 Pol. Tyg. Lek. Polski Tygodnik Lekarski UI. Dluga 38-40 Warszawa. Polska (Poland) Pracovni Lekar. Pracovni Lekarstvi Po.stovni Novinovy U rad Jindrisska 14, Prague 3. Czech. Quart. J. Med. Quarterly Journal of Medicine Oxford University Press Amen House, Warwick Sq. London, E. C. 4, England S.A.E. Journal Society of Automotive Engiaeere 485 Lexington Ave. New York. N. Y. 10017 Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation Medislnsk Fysiologisk Forenings Forlag, Medical Dept. A, Rikshospitalet Oslo, Norge Science American Aaeociation for Advancement of Science 1515 Maesachusetts Ave.. N.W. Washington. D.C. 20005 Smokeless Air (London) National Society for Clean Air Field House, Breame Building London, E.C. 4, England Thorax British Medical Association B.M. A. House, Tavistock Sq. London, W.C. 1. England World Health Organ. Chron. WHO Chronicle World Health Organisation. Sales Section Geneva, Switzerland Yale J. Biol. Med. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 333 Cedar St.. New Haven. Conn. 06511 01 132 3883