Document 3mZZq9y7yDdbOGRMm7Nv6YmD

COPY / Manufacture, Sale and Use of Figments by B U. Van Cleve 1-28-38 Hot knotting just -what facts you have, or the type of information you wont, will con fine this to a few statements regarding the pigment color business and you can pick out what you wish* First: Dry Colors and their Manufacture The value of production in 1936, according to the latest information from the Tariff Commission and Bureau of Census, indicates that the industry is approximately a $20, 000,000 proposition. The inorganics produced, that is, the CP Chrome Yellows, Green, and Blues, and the reduced types of these colors, made up just about $10,000,000 of the total and all the organics combined, including the Lake and Extended colors, totalled $10,177*000. This material was produced by approximately 35 companies in the U. S. But the bulk of the total, in both pounds value, was made by four com panies as follows: Imperial Paper & Color Corporation Kreb's Figment Div. of DuPont United Color and Pigment Company The Sherwin-TOlliams Co. There are a few medium sised producers and then the balance of the concerns in the industry are, for the most part, small companies engaged fin the manufacture of spec ialties. The inoreaaed use of oolor is illustrated very strikingly by the figures given above because, in the MBA days, the value of dry colors produced was about $13,000,000. In general, the processes for making the CP Yellows, Blues and'Greens are similar in nature and familiar to all of us. They are definitely tonnage items! the batches are large and the principal inorganic color, CP Chrome Yellow,totals 36,000,000 lbs. a year as against the largest organic product, namely, Lithol Bed, which runs a little over 2,000,000 lbs. a year. Though these colors require careful control and accurate manufacture, the organio class is probably more interesting beoause of the wide variety of processes, types of color, and difference in the individual properties of each. For example, in the or ganic reds al'ne, we have Toluidines, Paras, Lithol Reds, Lithol Rubines, Red for Lake C, the so-called Fire Bed Toners, the Eosine Reds, and a few Phospho-Tungstick Aoid products giving suoh a wide variety of properties that it is possible to secure . almost any result desired in a paint, printing ink, or other material in wich color is used. Host of these organio colors have been made by us for many years, and as new developments came about, we have kept up with the procession so that today our line of organio reds is more complete than that of any other manufacturers and the quality is. of the highest. Most of these organic toners are produced by combining two intermediates by a process known as diasotisation and the various combinations of intermediates determine the specific color produced. Inasmuch as we manufacture practically all of the required . 0007-SWP-000007358 Manufacture of Pigments - 2- January 28th/38 intermediates ourselves, we are in an exceedingly favorable position to control not only the quality of the finished product but to maintain a sound fundamental position from a cost standpoint. Most of these organic colors have been known for many years but recently the scope of these pigments has been widened by the development of some excellent organic yellows such as the Hanaa Yellows, characterised by their great permanence, strength, end cleanliness of tone, and to such a degree that it is con ceivable that this type of color some day may even compete with CP Chrome Yellows as the price is reduced. Within the past 10 years, there has occurred also the development of many of the organic maroons used primarily in automobile finishes and making available for the first time a fairly, permanent color of this shade suitable for use in lacquers and the synthetic finishes. One of the most interesting developments of recent years is the increased use of the Phosphotungstic Acid colors and a brief description of this development should be interesting! The use of ordinary dyestuffs in the form of lakes has been known for a long while, but most of the dyestuffs suitable for this purpose were fugitive to light, and therefore, their use was limited. Some years ago it was discovered that these seme dyestuffs, when treated with a complex combination of Phosphoric and Tungstic Acids became considerably more light resistant, with the result that the old fugitive type of lake has almost disappeared and the use of the so-called PTA colors has increased materially. We have kept abreast of this development and to day are making a full line of'these colors also. Until very recently we have not had an ideal pigment of any type, for example? the Toluidine Red is one of -the best reds for permanence but bleeds in laoquer, Lithol Reds can be produced in a wide range of shades.and are excellent as printing ink pig ments hut are only fairly permanent to light. If we oould combine the permanence of the Toluidine with the other 'characteristics of a Lithol Red, we would approx imate the ideal red pigment and one that oould be used almost indiscriminately for paint, printing ink, eto. The nearest approaeh to the development of the ideal pig ment has taken place within the last three years, and though the American Color In dustry seems to be far ahead-of European manufacturers in the quality of their pro ducts, in this particular case, credit for the discovery must go to English Chemists. I refer, of course, to theao-oalled Monastral or Heliogen Blue. This color is characterised by :ite great permanence and almost complete lok of reactivity to Acids, Alkalis, etc. Furthermore, it is non-bleeding, in practically all vehicles, will take a high baking temperature, etc. We are buying the dyestuff and offering the color in several forms and, as the cost of manufacture is reduced, unquestionably this pigment will become a very important color. Second! Dry Color and Their Market There are approximately fifteen industries consuming pigment colors, but the paint and printing ink trades are by far the largest users and, between them will consume about 70JJ of the total produced. In the paint industry, the important items, from a tonnage standpoint, are the Chrome Yellows and Chrome Greens. Relatively little Iron Blue is used. There is also a large demand for many of the organics but any paint manafaouturer with a complete line of produets is primarily interested in the colors first named. In the printing ink industry just the reverse is true. This industry does use a con siderable amount of Chrome Yellow, to be sure; but ho Chrome Green at all, as the Greens are secured by blending the Yellow and Blue right on the mill, but here the Reda oooupy the favored poaition. This oan radily be appreciated if you compare the 0007-SWP-000007359 Manufacture of Pigments . - Page Three - January 28th/38 amount of Bed used in magazine advertising, comic sheets, cartons, etc., with, for example, the greens or blues. Also, when you remember that there are approximately 200 printing ink concerns in the U.S. compared with about 1,500 paint grinders, it can be seen that the consumption of color per printing ink account, is much greater then the consumption by the average paint grinder. The ink industry, therefore, re presents an exceedingly valuable market, and one which has been cultivated by us with great care and some considerable success over the last fifteen years. The require ments in selling to the ink industry are also considerably more stringent because the color itself represents a large share of the cost of a pound of ink, and though there are exceptions, the cost of color per gallon of average paint is relatively small. This has caused the ink industry to become discriminating buyers of colors not only beoause of the cost feature, but also because a knowledge of the individual properties of the products is required so they may formulate to produce inks that will meet the many and varied conditions under which ink is used. In our own case, the fact that we are in the oolor business has been of great assistance to the manu facturing organisation in making available to them a knowledge of oolor and what it will do that is not available to ordinary paint companies. In addition to these two main outlets for the sale of color, considerable amounts are used by the following industries< floor coverings such as linoleum; wallpaper and wall covers of which Sanit&s is an example; window shades; rubber; cosmetics; carbon paper and typewriter ribbons; plastic compounds suoh as bakelite end beetleware; and other miscellaneous requirements. Each of these industries has its own specific requirements. The paint grinder usually wants a heav y gravity yellow; the ink man just the' reverse. Be needs a light, fluffy product with a low apeeifio gravity. The rubber man must have a very finely ground product which will disperse readily. The eosmetei man wants material washed free of poisonous salts. To successfully supply these industries, the oolor man ufacturer must necessarily have an intimate knowledge of the manufacturing processes of each and every type of oolor ;snd be prepared to meet their special conditions. Third t White Pigments The principal white plgjnenta we make for our own consumption or for sale are Lithopone. Leaded Ziho, Zinc Sulfate, and Bhite Lead - - pradiaally all of the white pigments required by the paint industry except Zinc Oxide and the Titanium pigments. Tonnage-wise, Lithopone is the most important and is a business of a little over 150,000 tons per year, produoed by sio manufacturers. The paint industry is by far the largest consumer, using about 122,000 tons of the total, the balance being consumed by the floor ooverimg, textile and rubber industries, with a lumber of other small consumers spread over a variety of businesses. Leaded Zinc Oxide is a business of 40,000 tons per year. Practically 10QJS of this goes into the paint game. No aocurate figures are available showring the distribution of Zinc Sulfate by in dustries but the amount produced has been increasing steadily due, probably, to the development of an entirely new market through its use in the manufacture of rayon. Total yearly volume of this has nearly reached a little over 10,000 tons. We can claim the credit for being the originators of the eo-fumed process for manu facturing Leaded Zina and our process on Zino Sulfate also represents a definite contribution to the industry. ( 0007-SWP-000007360 ' Manufacture of-Pipaents - Page Pour - January 28th/38 It can readily be seen, by remembering the figures for some of the principal colors end comparing them with these figures, on white pigments, that the YThite Pigment business is on a much larger and entirely different scale tonnage wise, though the stringent requirements of the industries that use both groups of products have forced the manufacturers to the ultimate in a high degree of control end perfection of their manufacturing operations in both the colored and white pigment businesses. Many of the points in this letter could be enlarged on considerably. If you vent additional information along any specific line, let me know and 1*11 attempt to supply it. bmvc dm (Signed BOTC) 0007-SWP-000007361