Document 3kqv27R20MRZ8kYy2XZOrq36

o(" <r> Industrial Hygiene Digest INDUSTRIAL HEALTH NEWS LITERATURE ABSTRACTS MEDICAL ENGINEERING CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGICAL LEGAL.. . deeiiiou* end trend* APRIL, 1957 (Vol. 21, No. 4) INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION MELLON INSTITUTE 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH 13, PA, PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT te ` ^pininl nrairnl . uiAn*tt foundation 'if 3e0 ..- ...... f.F F*w(U)f>tai auMrtMr iiwMiti.1wirt ` w^1*11**'1 l,v-' ` fMMiaf MiiwWraMa I*, ' Th WtmuttM 1n<--etaa w M< !**We .naW>i4. 4?^<2#*5ir.. rr-v ;,-*-*? % * *4 . Volume 19 April, 19*7 *.V SCHRENK RECEIVES CUMMINGS Dr. H. H. Schrehk,Research Director of received the Donald /Cummings Memorial Award Hygiene Association for outstanding contribution* to the profession of industrial hygiene/ 'The award was Annual Meeting at the industrial Health Conference* m me; ^gg|f ird.e,,eicdtidprretroeniwilf` _^ui r_. r K^;(utrunUntS^ "In,excellent^ wartflp !iO^^^'i':^/F'"Tbe true ydl^otanalytical tools depends upon our shlU^.:w.;lnU^reti5&^^5^ U ^ results of sych measurements in terms of a quantitative relationship with harorfidox^'J^1*1 ^ ^objectionable effects. i. Thts in turn requires a knowledge of the hiolo^cM respo^e^^ ^^-`ofoffe'nding agents,.'.prr;,Scirenk"satd, ' ' .............-v ' m Industrial Hygiene Digest April, 19* carborundum lor sanding in the shoe industry; and slate or chalk for stone-dusting in ct mines. Quartz sands have been prohibited since 1938 in grinding of glass, and exposur has been regulated. The higher cost of artificial abrasives in the glass and ceramic int tries is offset by higher working speed. -- Coad, from Bull. Hyg 503 Respiratory Symptoms and Pulmonary Disability in an Industrial Town. Survey of a Random Sample of the Population. I, T. T. Higgins, P. D. Oldham, A. L. Cochrane, and J. C. Gilson. Brit. Med. J, Z\ 904-910 (Oct. 20, 1956). In 1954 the Pneumoconiosis Research Unit of the Medical Research Council carried out a survey of the male population aged 55-64 of Leigh in Lancashire, in order to compare the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and disability in miners with that found in men who had worked only in other occupations. The random sample consisted of 135 miners and ex-miners and 85 non-miners. Pneumoconiosis was found in 23% of the miners and ex-miners. Chronic bronchitis was found in 10.7% of the non-miners, in 26. 7% of the miners without pneumoconiosis, and in 12. 9% of the miners with evidenc of pneumoconiosis. Some of the conclusions are*. (1) miners and ex-miners had. signifi cantly more chronic bronchitis, a lower ventilatory capacity, and more respiratory- symptoms than men who had never worked in mines; (2) miners without pneumoconiosis were on the average more disabled than those with early simple pneumoconiosis; and (3) the differences between miners and non-miners could not be ascribed to differences in social class or smoking habits, and in the miners there was no obvious relationship between length of exposure to dust and bronchitis. -- Cond. from Bull. Hyg. 504 The Influence of the Shape of Dust Particles on the Rate of Phagocytosis in Vitro. A, Leagerova, V, J. Lenger, M. Esslova, R. Tuscany, and M. Volfova. Brit. J. Ind. Med, 14, 43-46 (Jan. 1957). The rate of phagocytosis of two shapes of dust particles--"long" and "round" -- was studied in an investigation in vitro in cultures of macrophages from the spleen of chicken embryos. The round particles were phagocytosed preferentially. This result is discussed from the standpoint of existing theories of phagocytosis as well as from that of the relation of the rate of phagocytosis and the harmfulness of different kinds of dusts. - - Authors' summary 505 The Prevalence of Tuberculosis at Necropsy in Progressive Massive Fibrosis of Goalworkt D. Rivers, W. R. L. James, D. G. Davies, and S. Thomson. Brit. J. Ind. Med. 14, 39-42 (Jan. 1957). / _r . One hundred .iif.ty-thre-c*ca*se's-o'f coalworkers* pneumoconiosis were examined at necropsy for the presence of tubercle bacilli both by culture and by animal inoculation. The series contained 118 cases of progressive massive fibrosis which were the special object of this study. Tubercle bacilli were isolated from 41 cases (35%) of massive fibrosis, and in 31 (28%) of these naked-eye or histological evidence of tuberculosis was recognized patho logically. The pathological observations, therefore, correlated well with the bacteriologies results. There is a marked difference between the prevalence of tuberculous infection found in a post-mortem series and that found in life in cases of progressive massive fibrosis. During life the observed prevalence is only 1.1%. The authors found tubercle bacilli in the bronchi at necropsy, in 23%. Thus open tuberculosis is, in most cases, a late complication of massive fibrosis. Whether tuberculous infection occurs early or late cannot be deduced from this study. -- Authors' summary 506 Pulmonary Tumors in Mice Exposed to Asbestos Dust. K, M. Lynch, F. A, Mclver, aud J. R. Cain. Arch." "ind. Health lj>, 207-214 (Mar. 1957). Mice of a selected strain (AC F^J were exposed to a dusty atmosphere containing asbestos floats of a type used by others experimentally, at 150 to 500 million particles per cubic foot. The largest single experimental group consisted of 127 animals killed at 19 months after exposure for 17 months. This group was compared with 222 control animals. Primary lung tumors were demonstrated microscopically in 46% of the dusted mice and in -^trial Hygiene Digest April, 1957 of the controls. Multiple pulmonary tumors were demonstrated in l8^s of the dusted animals and in 8^ of the control animals. No significant histologic or cytologic difference was observed between tumors in the two groups. No clear-cut proof of malignancy was found in any of the lung tumors studied. The authors have been unable to demonstrate any proof of the carcinogenicity of asbestos under the conditions of the experiment, but the increased incidence of multiple lung tumors in dusted animals must be regarded as a possi ble accentuation by the inhalation of asbestos dust of an existing tendency to develop lung tumors. Future experiments with asbestos should include the use of larger animals, prob ably monkeys. The equivocal nature of this report does not answer the questions raised by- accumulating clinical evidence that asbestosis is strpngly associated with, and therefore is a possible cause of, pulmonary carcinoma in man. -- Adapted from authors' summary Calcification of the Pericardium Caused by a Hitherto Unrecognized Etiological Factor. M. Kleinfeld and C. P. Giel. Am. Heart J. 52, 899-904 (Dec. 1956). In a clinicoroentgenologic study of workers employed in talc mills and mines, calcification of the pericardium was observed in 3 of 37 workers. In one patient the condi tion had existed for 15 years. The advanced age of these patients (79, 68, and 64 years) is in contrast to that found in chronic constrictive pericarditis, where the age range reported has varied from* 1 0 to 59 years. Cardiac enlargement was absent, and the electrocardio graphic patterns were essentially normal. The clinical picture revealed a chronic, slowly progressive course, with the predominant symptoms of pulmonary insufficiency consistent with the average course of talc pneumoconiosis. The normal electrocardiograms, lack of evidence of failure of either side of the heart, lack of response to nitroglycerin, and the absence of any intensifying effect of effort would tend to exclude angina pectoris. The exact mechanism responsible for the calcification of the pericardium in exposure to talc is not known. It can best be explained by a mechanical effect of the talc fibers resulting in a chronic inflammatory response and increased capillary hemorrhage with subsequent calcium deposition. -- Cond. from J. Am. Med. Assn. 508 Dust Exposures During Ash Removal from Incinerators, W. H. Megonnell, J. K. Ludwig, and L. Silvermam Arch. Ind. Health 15, 215 -222 (Mar. 1957). Dust exposures to the operator during ash removal are not excessive for the average institutional-type incinerator, as the stack draft through the open furnace doors draws most of the dust produced by the operation back into the incinerator. Installations with small stacks, or when reverse flow is created by wind action, produce higher and more persistent dust concentrations. Incinerator operation is poorer during rainy weather. Only minor dust exposures are produced when water quenching of the ash is used, and ..welting .is .ad*riisafe'le-*wh*s-n it c-tc be ac'C-om-pli'Sh'ed. A.vrtrcrrae-dnst "inTrrc'in'e'raTO'r `rocitii is of the same general composition as the ash. It is composed of a high percentage of small particles (50% less than 0, 5 micron), with larger particles which are predominantly ag gregates. Exposure period for operators removing ash is a function of the degree of cleaning accomplished and the quantity of ash removed. Stack draft and room ventilation appear to be the most important factors in limiting the concentration of airborne dust in the incinerator room, A large proportion of the dust exposure incidental to ash removal could be eliminated by careful disposal cans to take advantage Of the effect of stack draft and by care in depositing ashes from the shovel into containers. Obviously the furnace door and grate opening should be kept open throughout ail cLeaning in the incinerator room. -- Cond. from authors' summary 509 Changes in Lungs of Experimental Animals after Intratracheal Introduction of Mineral-Wool FT"!Dust, V. A. Grimailovskaya and other s. Gigiena i Sanit. No. 3, 24 -29 (1956^ Russian. .. Mineral-wool dust with relatively low free silica, and moderate contents of bound silica produces in rats after 2-3 months a moderate sclerosis of diffuse and nodular types; after 5 months a peribronchial sclerosis starts. This is- caused by solubility of dust particles in the lymph. -- Chem. 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