Document 3kaB3eazJrGmbwxnRMx4q28a

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.1200(a) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS 1910.1200--HAZARD COMMUNICATION (a) Purpose. (1)The purpose of this section is to ensure that the hazards of all chemicals produced or imported1 by chemical manufacturers or im porters are evaluated, and that information concerning their hazards is transmitted to af fected employers and employees within the manufacturing sector. This transmittal of in formation is to be accomplished by means of comprehensive hazard communication pro grams, which are to include container labeling and other forms of warning, material safety data sheets and employee training. (2) This occupational safety and health stand ard is intended to adress comprehensively the issue of evaluating and communicating chemi cal hazards to employees in the manufacturing sector, and to preempt any state law per taining to this subject. Any state which de sires to assume responsibility in this area may only do so under the provisions of 18 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (29 U.S.C. 651 et. seq.) which deals with state ju risdiction and state plans. (b) Scope and application. (1) This section requires chemical manufactur ers or importers to assess the hazards of chemicals which they produce or import, and all employers in SIC Codes 20 through 39 (Di vision D, Standard Industrial Classification Manual) to provide information to their em ployees about the hazardous chemicals to which they are exposed, by means of a hazard communication program, labels and other forms of warning, material safety data sheets, and information and training. In addition, this section requires distributors to transmit the required information to employers in SIC Codes 20-39. (2) This section applies to any chemical which is known to be present in the workplace in such a manner that employees may be exposed under normal conditions of use or in a foresee able emergency. (3) This section applies to laboratories only as follows: (i) Employers shall ensure that labels on in coming containers of hazardous chemicals are not removed or defaced; (ii) Employers shall maintain any material safety data sheets that are received with in coming shipments of hazardous chemicals, and ensure that they are readily accessible to laboratory employees; and, (iii) Employers shall ensure that laboratory employees are apprised of the hazards of the chemicals in their workplaces in accordance with paragraph (h) of this section. (4) This section does not require labeling of the following chemicals: (i) Any pesticide as such term is defined in the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136 et seq.). when subject to the labeling requirements of that Act and labeling regulations issued un der that Act by the Environmental Protec tion Agency; (ii) Any food, food additive, color additive, drug, or cosmetic, including materials in tended for use as ingredients in such prod ucts (e.g., flavors and fragrances), as such terms are defined in the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.) and regulations issued under that Act, when they are subject to the labeling re- Change 37 806.15 1910 IZWXbJUKu) DO A O.-'F: f.ONF TDFNT TA1 1910.1200( b)(4)(j i) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH standards and interpretations quiremerits of that Act and labeling regula tions issued under that Act by the Food and Drug Administration; (iii) Any distilled spirits (beverage alcohols), wine, or malt beverage intended for nonin dustrial use, as such terms are defined in the f'ederal Alcohol Administration Act (27 U.S.C. 201 et seq.) and regulations issued under that Act, when subject to the labeling requirements of that Act and labeling regu lations issued under that Act by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms; and, (iv) Any consumer product or hazardous sub stance as those terms are defined in the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2051 et seq.) and Federal Hazardous Sub stances Act (15 U.S.C. 1261 et seq.) respec tively, when subject to a consumer product safety standard or labeling requirement of those acts, or regulations issued under those Acts by the Consumer Product Safety Commission. (5) This section does not apply to: (iii) which does not release, or otherwise re sult in exposure to, a hazardous chemical under normal conditions of use. "Assistant Secretary" means the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Labor, or designee. "Chemical" means any element, chemical compound or mixture of elements and/or compounds. "Chemical manufacturer" means an employ er in SIC Codes 20 through 39 with a work place where chemical(s) are produced for use or distribution. "Chemical name" means the scientific desig nation of a chemical in accordance with the no menclature system developed by the Interna tional Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) or the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) rules of nomenclature, or a name which will clearly identify the chemical for the pur pose of conducting a hazard evaluation. (i) Any hazardous waste as such term is de fined by the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, as amended (42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.), when subject to regu lations issued under that Act by the Envi ronmental Protection Agency; (ii) Tobacco or tobacco products; (iii) Wood or wood products; (iv) Articles; and, (v) Foods, drugs, or cosmetics intended for personal consumption by employees while in the workplace. (c) Definitions. "Combustible liquid" means any liquid hav ing a flashpoint at or above 100F (37.8C), but below 200F (93.3C), except any mixture hav ing components with flashpoints of 200F (93.3"C), or higher, the total volume of which make up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture. "Common name" means any designation or identification such as code name, code num ber, trade name, brand name or generic name used to identify a chemical other than by its chemical name. "Compressed gas" means: (i) A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure exceeding 40 psi at 70*F (21.1"C); or "Article" means a manufactured item: (i) Which is formed to a specific shape or de sign during manufacture; (ii) A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure exceeding 104 psi at 130F (54.4C) regardless of the pressure at 70F (21.1`C); or (ii) which has end use function(s) dependent in whole or in part upon its shape or design during end use; and (iii) A liquid having a vapor pressure ex ceeding 40 psi at 100F (37.8C) as deter mined by ASTM D-323-72. 1910.1200(c) 806.16 Change 34 OCCUPATIONAL safety and ukalth "Container" means any bag, barrel, bottle, box, can, cylinder, drum, reaction vessel, storage tank, or the like that contains a haz ardous chemical. For purposes of this section, pipes or piping systems are not considered to be containers. "Designated representative" means any indi vidual or organization to whom an employee gives written authorization to exercise such employee'.', rights under this section. A recog nized or certified collective bargaining agent shall be treated automatically as a designated representative without regard to written em ployee authorization. "Director" means the Director, National In stitute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Serv ices, or designee. "Distributor" means a business, other than a chemical manufacturer or importer, which sunpiie- hazardous chemicals to other distrib utors or to manufacturing purchasers. "Employee" means a worker employed by an employer in a workplace in SIC Codes 20 through 39 who may be exposed to hazardous chemical; under normal operating conditions or foreseeable emergencies, including, but not limited to production workers, line supervi sors, and repair or maintenance personnel. Of fice workers, ground maintenance personnel, security personnel or non-resident manage ment are generally not included, unless their job performance routinely involves potential exposure to hazardous chemcials. "Employer" means a person engaged in a business within SIC Codes 20 through 39 where chemicals are either used, or are pro duced for use or distribution. "Explosive" means a chemical that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous release of pres sure, gas, and heat when subjected to sudden shock, pressure, or high temperature. "Exposure" or "exposed" means that an em ployee is subjected to a hazardous chemical in the course of employment through any route of entry (inhalation, ingeston, skin contact or absorption, etc,), and includes potential (e.g., accidental or possible) exposure. 1910.1200(c) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS "Flammable" means a chemical that falls into one of the following categories: (i) "Aerosol, flammable" means an aerosol that, when tested by the method described in 16 CFR 1500.45, yields a flame projection exceeding 18 inches at full valve opening, or a flashback (a flame extending back to the valve) at any degree of valve opening; (ii) "Gas, flammable" means: (a) A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a flammable mixture with air at a concentration of thirteen (13) precent by volume or less; or (b) A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, fowns a range of flammable mixtures with air wider than twelve (12) percent of volume, regardless of the lower limit; (iii) "Liquid, flammable" means any liquid having a flashpoint below 100'F (37.8C), except any mixture having components with flashpoints of 100F (37.8C) or higher, the total of which make up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture. (iv) "Solid, flammable" means a solid, other than a blasting agent or explosive as defined in 1910.109(a), that is liable to cause fire through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical change, or retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or which can be ignited readily and when ig nited burns so vigorously and persistently as to create a serious hazard. A chemical shall be considered to be a flammable solid if, when tested by the method described in 16 CFR 1500,44, it ignites and burns with a self-sustained flame at a rate greater than one-tenth of an inch per second along its ma jor axis. "Flashpoint" means the minimum tempera ture at which a liquid gives off a vapor in suffi cient concentration to ignite when tested as follows: (i) Tagliabue Closed Tester (See American National Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester, Zll.24-1979 (ASTM D 56-79)) for liquids with a viscosity rhjntjf1 3-J 806.17 1910.1200(c) DO A ODC].'- 1910 r.'oo<c) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS of less than 45 Saybolt Universial Seconds (SUS) at 1U0F (37.8C), that do not contain suspended solids and do not have a tendency to form a surface film under test; or (ii) Pensky-Martens Closed Tester (see American National Standard Method of test for Flash Point by Penskv-Martens Closed Tester, 211.7-1979 (ASTM D 93-79)) for liquids with a viscosity equal to or greater than 45 SUS at 100F (37.8SC), or that con tain suspended solids, or that have a tend ency to form a surface film under test; or (iii) Setaflash Closed Tester (see American National Standard Method of Test for Flash Point hv Setaflash Closed Tester (ASTM D 3278-78)). Organic peroxides, which undergo autoacceleratmg thermal decomposition, are excluded from any of the flashpoint determination methods specified above. "Foreseeable emergency" means any poten tial occurrence such as. but not limited to, equipment failure, rupture of containers, or failure of control equipment which could result in an uncontrolled release of a hazardous chemical into the workplace. "Hazard warning" means any words, pic tures, symbols, or combination thereof ap pearing on a label or other appropriate form of warning which convey the hazards of the chemical(s) in the container(s). "Hazardous chemical" means any chemical which is a physical hazard or a health hazard. "Health hazard" means a chemical for which there is statistically significant evidence based on at least one study conducted in accordance with established scientific principles that acute or chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees. The term "health hazard" includes chemicals which are carcinogens, tox ic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents which act on hematopoietic system, and agents which damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes. Appendix A provides fur ther .definitions and explanations of the scope of health hazards covered by this section, and Appendix B describes the criteria to be used to determine whether or not a chemical is to be considered hazardous for purposes of this standard. "Identity" means any chemical or common name which is indicated on the material safetydata sheet (MSDS) for the chemical. The iden tity used shall permit cross-references to be made among the required list of hazardous chemicals, the label and the MSDS. "Immediate use" means that the hazardous chemical will be under the control of and used only by the person who transfers it from a la beled container and only within the work shift, in which it is transferred. "Importer" means the first business with employees within the Customs Territory of the United States which receives hazardous chemicals produced in other countries for the purpose of supplying them to distributors or manufacturing purchasers within the United States. "Label" means any written, printed, or graphic material displayed on or affixed to containers of hazardous chemicals. "Manufacturing purchaser" means an em ployer with a workplace classified in SIC Codes 20 through 39 who purchases a hazard ous chemical for use within that workplace. "Material safety data sheet (MSDS)" means written or printed material concerning a haz ardous chemical which is prepared in accord ance with paragraph (g) of this section. "Mixture" means any combination of two or more chemicals if the combination is not, in whole or in part, the result of a chemical reaction. "Organic peroxide" means an organic com pound that contains the bivalent-O-Ostructure and which may be considered to be a structural derivative of hydrogen peroxide where one or both of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by an organic radical. "Oxidizer" means a chemical other than a blasting agent or explosive as defined in 1910.109(a), that initiates or promotes com bustion in other materials thereby causing fire 1910 1200(c) 806.18 ,-N 1 - ^ A L.-'A ; LNF7rj FNr r Change 34 OCCUPATIONAL safkty and health 1910.1200(c) standards and interpretations either of itself or through the release of oxygen or other gases. "Physical hazard" rrieans a chemical for which there is scientifically valid evidence that it is a combustible liquid, a compressed gas, explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive) or water-reactive. "Produce" means to manufacture, process, formulate, or repackage. "Pyrophoric" means a chemical that will ig nite spontaneously in air at a temperature of 130 F (54.4 C) or below. "Responsible party" means someone who can provide additional information on the hazard ous chemical and appropriate emergency pro cedures, if necessary. "Specific chemical identity" means the chem ical name. Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number, or any other information that reveals the precise chemical designation of the substance. "Trade secret" means any confidential for mula, pattern, process, device, information or compilation of information (including chemical name or other unique chemical identifier) that is used in an employer's business, and that gives the employer an opportunity to obtain an advantage over competitors who do not know or use it. "Unstable (reactive)" means a chemical which m the pure state, or as produced or transported, will vigorously polymerize, de compose, condense, or will become self reactive under conditions of shocks pressure or temperature. "Use" means to package, handle, react, or transfer. "Water-reactive" means a chemical that re acts with water to release a gas that is either flammable or presents a health hazard. "Work area" means a room or defined space in a workplace where hazardous chemicals are produced or used, and where employees are present. "Workplace" means an establishment at one geographical location containing one or more work areas. (d) Hazard determination. (1) Chemical manufacturers and importers shall evaluate chemicals produced in their workplaces or imported by them to determine if they are hazardous. Employers are not re quired to evaluate chemicals unless they choose not to rely on the evaluation performed by the chemical manufacturer or importer for the chemical to satisfy this requirement. (2) Chemical manufacturers, importers or em ployers evaluating chemicals shall identify and consider the available scientific evidence con cerning such hazards. For health hazards, evi dence which is statistically significant and which is based on at least one positive studyconducted in accordance with established sci entific principles is considered to be sufficient to establish a hazardous effect if the results of the study meet the definitions of health haz ards in this section. Appendix A shall be consulted for the scope of health hazard? cov ered, and Appendix B shall be consulted for the criteria to be followed with respect to the completeness of the evaluation, and the data to be reported. (3) The chemical manufacturer, importer or employer evaluating chemicals shall treat the following sources as establishing that the chemicals listed in them are hazardous: (i) CFR Part 1910, Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA); or, (ii) Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents in the Work Environment, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) (latest edition). The chemical manufacturer, importer, or employer is still responsible for evaluating the hazards associated with the chemicals in these source lists in accordance with the re quirements of the standard. (4) Chemical manufacturers, importers and employers evaluating chemicals shall treat the following sources as establishing that a chomi- Change .<4 806.19 1910.13200id 11J1 C,."' A C)?ru rOONr 7 TiFUT T Al 1910.1200(d)(4) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS cal is, a carcinogen or potential carcinogen for hazard communication purposes: (i) National Toxicology Program (NTP), An nual Report mi Carcinogens (latest edition), (ii) International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs (latest edi tions): or (iii) 29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Note.--The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances published by the Na tional Institute for Occupational Safety and Health indicates whether a chemical has been found by NTP or IARC to be a poten tial carcinogen. (5) The chemical manufacturer, importer or employer shall determine the hazards of mix tures of chemicals as follows: (0 If a mixture has been tested as a whole to determine its hazards, the results of such testing shall be used to determine whether the mixture is hazardous; (Ii) If a mixture has not been tested as a whole to determine whether the mixture is a health hazard, the mixture shall be assumed to present the same health hazards as do the components which comprise one percent (by weight or volume) or greater of the mixture, except that the mixture shall be assumed to present a carcinogenic hazard if it contains a component in concentrations of 0.1 percent or greater which is considered to be a car cinogen under paragraph (d)(4) of this section, (iii) If a mixture has not been tested as a whole to determine whether the mixture is a physical hazard, the chemical manufacturer, importer, or employer may use whatever scientifically valid data is available to evalu ate the physical hazard potential of the mix ture, and (iv) If the employer has evidence to indicate that a component present in the mixture m concentrations of less than one percent (or in the case of carcinogens, less than 0.1 per cent) could be released in concentrations which would exceed an established OSHA permissible exposure limit or ACGIH Threshold Limit Value, or could present a health hazard to employees in those concen trations, the mixture shall be assumed to present the same hazard. (6) Chemical manufacturers, importers, or em ployers evaluating chemicals shall describe in writing the procedures they use to determine the hazards of the chemical they evaluate. The written procedures are to be made available, upon request, to employees, their designated representatives, the Assistant Secretary and the Director. The written description may be incorporated into the written hazard commu nication program required under paragraph (e) of this section. (e) Written hazard communication program. (1) Employers shall develop and implement a written hazard communication program for their workplaces which at least describes how the criteria specified in paragraphs (f), (g), and (h) of this section for labels and other forms of warning, material safety data sheets, and employee information and training will be met, and which also includes the following: (i) A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be present using an identity that is refer enced on the appropriate material safety data sheet (the list may be compiled for the workplace as a whole or for individual work areas); (ii) The methods the employer will use to in form employees of the hazards of non routine tasks (for example, the cleaning of reactor vessels), and the hazards associated with chemicals contained in unlabeled pipes in their work areas; and, (iii) The methods the employer will use to in form any contractor employers with employ ees working in the employer's workplace of the hazardous chemicals their employees may be exposed to while performing their work, and any suggestions for appropriate protective measures. (2) The employer may rely on an existing haz ard communication program to comply with 1910 12(Ki< hi1.) 806.20 Change 34 DC A O c, i * f, CONFIDE nt t a; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.l2(XXt)<2) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS these requirements, provided that it meets the criteria established in this paragraph (e). (3) The employer shall make the written haz ard communication program available, upon request, to employees, their designated repre sentatives, the Assistant Secretary and the Director, in accordance with the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.20(e). (f) Labels and other forms of warning. (1) The chemical manufacturer, importer, or distributor shall ensure that each container of hazardous chemicals leaving the workplace is labeled, tagged or marked with the following information: (i) Identity of the hazardous chemical(s); (it) Appropriate hazard warnings; and (iii) Name and address of the chemical manu facturer, importer, or other responsible party. (2) Chemical manufacturers, importers, or dis tributors shall ensure that each container of hazardous chemicals leaving the workplace is labeled, tagged, or marked in accordance with this section in a manner which does not con flict with the requirements of the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act (18 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and regulations issued under that Act by the Department of Transportation. (3) If the hazardous chemical is regulated by OSHA in a substance-specific health standard, the chemical manufacturer, importer, distrib utor or employer shall ensure that the labels or other forms of warning used are in accord ance with the requirements of that standard. (4) Except as provided in paragraphs (f)(5) and (0(6) the employer shall ensure that each con tainer of hazardous chemicals in the workplace is labeled, tagged, or marked with the follow ing information:(i) (i) Identity of the hazardous chemieal(s) con tained therein; and (ii) Appropriate hazard warnings. (5) The employer may use signs, placards, process sheets, batch tickets, operating proce dures, or other such written materials in lieu of affixing labels to individual stationary proc ess containers, as long as the alternative method identifies the containers to which it is applicable and conveys the information re quired by paragraph (f)(4) of this section to be on a label. The written materials shall be read ily accessible to the employees in their work area throughout each work shift. (6) The employer is not required to label port able containers into which hazardous chemi cals are transferred from labeled containers, and which are intended only for the immediate use of the employee who performs the transfer. (7) The employer shall not remove or deface existing labels on incoming containers of haz ardous chemicals, unless the container is im mediately marked with the required information. (8) The employer shall ensure that labels or other forms of warning are legible, in English, and prominently displayed on the container, or readily available in the work area throughout each work shift. Employers having employees who speak other languages may add the infor mation in their language to the material pre sented, as long as the information is presented in English as well. (9) The chemical manufacturer, importer, dis tributor or employer need not affix new labels to comply with this section if existing labels already convey the required information. (g) Material safety data sheets. (1) Chemical manufacturers and importers shall obtain or develop a material safety data sheet for each hazardous chemical they pro duce or import. Employers shall have a mate rial safety data sheet for each hazardous chemical which they use. (2) Each material safety data sheet shall be in English and shall contain at least the following information. (i) The identity used on the label, and, ex cept as provided for in paragraph (0 of this section on trade secrets: Change ,14 806.21 1910.120th g)(2)< i) DC A Of'ElAi, C ONf" T DF NT T AI 1910.1200( c)( 2)( i)(a) OCCLTATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH .STANHARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS (a) If the hazardous chemical is a single substance, its chemical and common name(s); (b) If the hazardous chemical is a mix ture which has been tested as a whole to determine its hazards, the chemical and common name(s) of the ingredients which contribute to these known haz ards, and the common name(s) of the mixture itself; or, (c) If the hazardous chemical is a mix ture which has not been tested as a whole: (1) The chemical and common name(s) of all ingredients which have been deter mined to be health hazards, and which comprise 19c or greater of the composi tion, except that chemicals identified as carcinogens under paragraph (d)(4) of this section shall be listed if the concen trations are 0.19c or greater; and. (2) The chemical and common name(s) of all ingredients which have been deter mined to present a physical hazard when present in the mixture; (ii) Physical and chemical characteristics of the hazardous chemical (such as vapor pres sure, fla.-,b point); (iii) The physical hazards of the hazardous chemical, including the potential for fire, ex plosion, and reactivity; (iv) The health hazards of the hazardous chemical, including signs and symptoms of exposure, and any medical conditions w-hich are generally recognized as being aggra vated by exposure to the chemical; (v) The primary route(s) of entry; (vi) The OSHA permissible exposure limit, ACGIH Threshold Limit Value, and any other exposure limit used or recommended by the chemical manufacturer, importer, or employer preparing the material safety data sheet, where available; (vii) Whether the hazardous chemical is listed in the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Annual Report on Carcinogens (lat est edition) or has been found to be a poten tial carcinogen in the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Mono graphs (latest editions), or by OSHA; (viii) Any generally applicable precautions for safe handling and use which are known to the chemical manufacturer, importer or employer preparing the material safety data sheet, including appropriate hygienic prac tices, protective measures during repair and maintenance of contaminated equipment, and procedures for clean-up of spills and leaks; (ix) Any generally applicable control meas ures which are known to the chemical manu facturer, importer or employer preparing the material safety data sheet, such as ap propriate engineering controls, work prac tices, or personal protective equipment; (x) Emergency and first aid procedures; (xi) The date of preparation of the material safety data sheet or the last change to it; and, <xii) The name, address and telephone num ber of the chemical manufacturer, importer, employer or other responsible party preparing or distributing the material safety data sheet, who can provide additional infor mation on the hazardous chemical and ap propriate emergency procedures, if necessary. (3) If no relevant information is found for anygiven category on the material safety data sheet, the chemical manufacturer, importer or employer preparing the material safety data sheet shall mark it to indicate that no applica ble information was found, (4) Where complex mixtures have similar haz ards and contents (i.e. the chemical ingredi ents are essentially the same, but the specific composition varies from mixture to mixture), the chemical manufacturer, importer or em ployer may prepare one material safety data sheet to apply to all of these similar mixtures. (5) The chemical manufacturer, importer or employer preparing the material safety data 1910 12001 (r)(5i 806.22 Change 24 oo a y C.ONF T or NT i I-A OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.1200( k )(5) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS sheet shall ensure that the information re corded accurately reflects the scientific evi dence used in making the hazard determina tion. If the chemical manufacturer, importer or employer becomes newly aware of any sig nificant information regarding the hazards of a chemical, or ways to protect against the haz ards, this new information shall be added to the material safety data sheet within three months. If the chemical is not currently being produced or imported the chemical manufac turer or importer shall add the information to the material safety data sheet before the chemical is introduced into the workplace again. (6) Chemical manufacturers or importers shall ensure that distributors and manufacturing purchaser.-, of hazardous chemicals are provid ed an appropriate material safety data sheet with their initial shipment, and with the first shipment after a material safety data sheet is updated. The chemical manufacturer or im porter .-hall either provide material safety data sheets with the shipped containers or send them to the manufacturing purchaser prior to or at the time of the shipment. If the material safety data sheet is not provided with the shipment, the manufacturing purchaser shall obtain one from the chemical manufac turer, importer, or distributor as soon as possible. (10) Material safety data sheets shall also be made readily, available, upon request, to des ignated representatives and to the Assistant Secretary, in accordance with the require ments of 29 CFR 1910.20(e). The Director shall also be given access to material safetydata sheets in the same manner. (h) Employee information and training. Employ ers shall provide employees with information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area at the time of their initial assignment, and whenever a new hazard is introduced into their work area. (1) Information. Employees shall be informed of: (i) The requirements of this section; (ii) Any operations in their work area where hazardous chemicals are present; and, (iii) The location and availability of the writ ten hazard communication program, includ ing the required list(s) of hazardous chemi cals, and material safety data sheets required by this section. (2) Training. E mployee training shall include at least: (7) Distributors shall ensure that material safe ty data sheets, and updated information, are provided to other distributors and manufac turing purchasers of hazardous chemicals. (8) The employer shall maintain copies of the required material safety data sheets for each hazardous chemical in the workplace, and shall ensure that they are readily accessible during each work shift to employees when they are m their work area(s). (9) Material safety data sheets may be kept in any form, including operating procedures, and may be designed to cover groups of hazardous chemicals in a work area where it may be more appropriate to address the hazards of a process rather than individual hazardous chemicals. However, the employer shall ensure that in all cases the required information is provided for each hazardous chemical, and is readily acces sible during each work shift to employees when they are in their work area(s). (i) Methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical in the work area (such as monitoring conducted by the employer, con tinuous monitoring devices, visual appear ance or odor of hazardous chemicals when being released, etc.); (ii) The physical and health hazards of the chemicals in the work area; (iii) The measures employees can take to pro tect themselves from these hazards, includ ing specific procedures the employer has im plemented to protect employees from exposure to hazardous chemicals, such as ap propriate work practices, emergency proce dures, and personal protective equipment to be used; and, (iv) The details of the hazard communication program developed by the employer, includ ing an explanation of the labeling system and Change 3-1 806.23 1910.1200( h)( iv) DO A 00 01 DO DO NF IDF NT IA1 1910.1200( h K2X i' ) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS the material safety data sheet, and how em ployees can obtain and use the appropriate hazard information. (i) Trade secrets. (i) the request is in writing; (ii) The request describes with reasonable detail one or more of the following occupa tional health needs for the information: (1) The chemical manufacturer, importer or employer may withhold the specific chemical identity, including the chemical name and other specific identification of a hazardous chemical, from the material safety data sheet, provided that: (a) To assess the hazards of the chemi cals to which employees will be exposed; (b) To conduct or assess sampling of the workplace atmosphere to determine em ployee exposure levels; (i) The claim that the information withheld is a trade secret can be supported; (ii) Information contained in the material safety data sheet concerning the properties and effects of the hazardous chemical is disclosed: (iii) The material safety data sheet indicates that the specific chemical identity is being withheld as a trade secret; and, (iv) The specific chemical identity is made available to health professionals, in accord ance with the applicable provisions of this paragraph. (2) Where a treating physician or nurse deter mines that a medical emergency exists and the specific chemical identity of a hazardous chem ical is necessary for emergency or first-aid treatment, the chemical manufacturer, im porter, or employer shall immediately disclose the specific chemical identity of a trade secret chemical to that treating physician or nurse, regardless of the existence of a written state ment of need or a confidentiality agreement. The chemical manufacturer, importer, or em ployer may require a written statement of need and confidentiality agreement, in accord ance with the provisions of paragraphs (i) (3) and (4) of this section, as soon as circum stances permit. (3) In non-emergency situations, a chemical manufacturer, importer, or employer shall, upon request, disclose a specific chemical iden tity, otherwise permitted to be withheld under paragraph (i)(1) of this section, to a health professional (i.e. physician, industrial hygien ist, toxicologist, or epidemiologist) providing medical or other occupational health services to exposed employee(s) if: (c) To conduct pre-assignment or period ic medical surveillance of exposed employees; (d) To provide medical treatment to ex posed employees; (e) To select or assess appropriate per sonal protective equipment for exposed employees; (f) To design or assess engineering con trols or other protective measures for exposed employees; and, (g) To conduct studies to determine the health effects of exposure. (iii) The request explains in detail why the disclosure of the specific chemical identity is essential and that, in lieu thereof, the dis closure of the following information would not enable the health professional to provide the occupational health services described in paragraph (ii) of this section: (a) The properties and effects of the chemical; (b) Measures for controlling workers' ex posure to the chemical; (c) Methods of monitoring and analyzing worker exposure to the chemical; and, (d) Methods of diagnosing and treating harmful exposures to the chemical; (iv) The request includes a description of the procedures to be used to maintain the confi dentiality of the disclosed information; and, 19)0.120011M3)( iv) 806.24 Chanpe 34 AVjCj A C CM FT DFNT T A: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (v) The health professional, and the employ er or conn-actor of the health professional's services (i.e., downstream employer, labor organization, or individual employer), agree in a written confidentiality agreement that the health professional will not use the trade secret information for any purpose other than the health need(s) asserted and agree not to release the information under any cir cumstances other than to OSHA, as provid ed in paragraph (i)(6) of this section, except as authorized by the terms of the agreement or by the chemical manufacturer, importer, or employer, ,(4) The confidentiality agreement authorized by paragraph (i)(3)(iv) of this section: (i) Ma\ restrict the use of the information to the health purposes indicated in the written statement of need, (Ii) Ma\ provide for appropriate legal reme dies in the event of a breach of the agree ment, including stipulation of a reasonable pre-estimate of likely damages; and, (iii) May not include requirements for the posting of a penalty bond. (5) Nothing in this standard is meant to pre clude the parties from pursuing non contractual remedies to the extent permitted by lav.. (6) If the health professional receiving the trade secret information decides that there is a need to disclose it to OSHA, the chemical manufacturer, importer, or employer who pro vided the information shall be informed by the health professional prior to, or at the same time as, such disclosure. (7) If the chemical manufacturer, importer, or employer denies a written request for disclo sure of a specific chemical identity, the denial must: (i) He provided to the health professional within thirty days of the request, (ii) Be in writ mg, (iii) Include evidence to support the claim 1910.1200< i)(3)( iv) STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS that the specific chemical identity is a trade secret; (iv) State the specific reasons why. the re quest is being denied; and, (v) Explain in detail how alternative infor mation may satisfy the specific medical or occupational health need wdthout revealing the specific chemical identity. (8) The health professional whose request for information is denied under paragraph (i)(3) of this section may refer the request and the written denial of the request to OSHA for consideration. (9) When a health professional refers the deni al to OSHA under paragraph (i)(8) of this sec tion, OSHA shall consider the evidence to de termine if: (i) The chemical manufacturer, importer, or employer has supported the claim that the specific chemical identity is a trade secret; (ii) The health professional has supported the claim that there is a medical or occupa tional health need for the information; and, (iii) The health professional has demon strated adequate means to protect the confidentiality. (10) (i) If OSHA determines that the specific chemical identity requested under para graph (i)(3) of this section is not a bona fide trade secret, or that it is a trade secret but the requesting health professional has a le gitimate medical or occupational health need for the information, has executed a written confidentiality agreement, and has shown adequate means to protect the confidential ity of the information, the chemical manu facturer, importer, or employer will be sub ject to citation by OSHA. (ii) If a chemical manufacturer, importer, or employer demonstrates to OSHA that the execution of a confidentiality agreement would not provide sufficient protection against the potential harm from the unau- ('han^r 34 806.25 1910.1Z00I i)(10K ii) Taj A 0~514C f O:\iFTDFNTTAl I910.1200<i)(10><ii> OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS thorized disclosure of a trade secret specific chemical identity, the Assistant Secretary may issue such orders or impose such addi tional limitations or conditions upon the dis closure of the requested chemical informa tion as may be appropriate to assure that the occupational health services are provid ed without an undue risk of harm to the chemical manufacturer, importer, or employer. (I l) If, following the issuance of a citation and any protective orders, the chemical manufac turer, importer, or employer continues to withhold the information, the matter is refer able to the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission for enforcement of the ci tation. In accordance with Commission rules, the Administrative Law Judge may review the citation and supporting documentation in cammi or issue appropriate protective orders. (12) Notwithstanding the existence of a trade secret claim, a chemical manufacturer, import er. or employer shall, upon request, disclose to the Assistant Secretary any information which this section requires the chemical manu facturer, importer, or employer to make avail able, Where there is a trade secret claim, such claim shall be made no later than at the time the information is provided to the Assistant Secretary so that suitable determinations of trade secret status can be made and the neces sary protections can be implemented. (13) Nothing m this paragraph shall be con strued as requiring the disclosure under anv circumstances of process or percentage of mix ture information which is trade secret. (j) Effective date*. Employers shall be in compli ance with this section within the following time periods: (1) Chemical manufacturers and importers shall label containers of hazardous chemicals leaving their workplaces, and provide material safety data sheets with initial shipments by November 25, 1985. (2) Distributors shall be in compliance with all provisions of this section applicable to them by November 25, 1985. (3) Employers shall be in compliance with all provision-, of this section by May 25. 198b, in cluding initial training for all current employees. APPENDIX A TO 1910.1200 --HEALTH HAZARD DEFINITIONS (MANDATORY) Although safety hazards related to the physical characteristics of a chemical can be objectively defined in terms of testing requirements (e.g. flammability), health hazard defi nitions are le&s precise and more subjective Health hazards may cause measurable changes in the body--*uch as de creased pulmonary function These changes are generally in dicated by the occurrence of sign* and symptoms in the ex posed employees -- such as shortness of breath, a non-measurable. subjective feeling Employees exposed to such hazards must be apprised of both the change in body function and the signs and -ymptoms that may occur to sig nal that change, The determination of occupational health hazards is com plicated by the fact that mans of the effects or signs and symptom* occur commonk in nonoccupationally exposed populations, *o that effects of exposure are difficult to sepa rate from normally occurring illnesses. Occasionally, a sub stance causes an effect that i" rarely seen in the population at large, such as angiosarcomas caused bv vinvl chloride ex posure thus making it easier to ascertain that the occupa tional exposure ua> the primarx causative factor, More of ten. however, the effects are common, -uch as lung cancer The situation i- further complicated by the fact that most chemical" base not been adequately tested to determine their health hazard potential and data do not exist to >udstantiate these effects There have been many attempts to categorize effects and to define them m various wavs Generally, the terms "acute" and "chronic" are Used to delineate between effects on the basis of seventy nr duration "Acute" effects usualK occur rapid!) as a result of short-term exposures, and are of "hort duration "Chrome" effects generally occur as a result of long-term exposure, and are of long duration The acute effects referred to most frequently are those defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard for Precautionary Labeling of Hazardous Industrial Chemicals fZ129 1-1982)--irritation, corrosivity, sensitization and lethal dose Although these are important health effects, they do not adequately cover the considera ble range of acute effects which may occur as a result of oc cupational exposure, such as. for example, narcosis. Similarly, the term chronic effect is often used to cover only carcinogenicity. teratogenicity, and mutageniciiv The^e effects are obvious a concern in the workplace, but again, do not adequately cover the area of chronic effects excluding, for example, blood dyscrasias tsuch as anemia), chrome bronchitis and liver atrophv The goal of defining precisely, in measurable terms, every possible health effect that may occur in the workplace as a result of chtmical exposure" cannot realistically be accom plished Thi* does not negate the need for employees to be informed of iuch effects and protected from them 1910 1200 APPENDIX A 806.26 Chanpe 34 DC) A OC'NIAl CONFTDFNTTAl / OCCUPATIONAL. SAFETY AND HEALTH 1910.1200 APPENDIX A STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Appendix R which is al.-o mandatory, outline* the princi ple^ and procedure-, of hazard a--e**ment For purposes of this .section. any chemicals which meet an\ of the following definitions a- determined bv the crite ria set forth m Appendix R are health hazard*. 1. Carcinogen: A chemical is considered to be a carcino gen if (a) It has been evaluated b> the International Agency for Research on Cancer < IARO, and found to be a carcinogen or potential carcinogen, or (b) It i- listed a> a carcinogen or potential carcinogen in the Annual Report on Carcinogens published b> the Na tional Toxicology Program (NTP) (latest edition); or. (c> It is regulated b\ 0>HA a* a carcinogen 2. Corrosive A chemical that cause* visible destruction of. or irreversible alterations in. living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact, For example, a chemical is con sidered to r>e corrosive if when tested on the intact skin of aihir.o raotn's n\ the methou described by the V S Depart ment of Transportation in Appendix A to 49 CKK Part ITT it destroy- or changes irreversible the structure of the tis sue at the *ite of contact following an exposure period of four hour* This term shall not refer to action on inanimate 'Unlaces. \ High!\ toxic* A chemical falling within any of the fol low mg categories < a) A i hemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 50 milligrams or ie-' per Ki.ngram of body weight when admin istered orailv to amino rats weighing between 200 and 30(1 gram* each, < h) A chemical that ha- a median lethal dose (LDirj of 200 miligrams or less per kilogram of body weight when admin istered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if death occurs within 24 hour*) with the bare skin of albino rabbit* weighing between two and three kilograms each (c) A chemical that has a median lethal- concentration (LCJ0) in air of 200 pan* per million by volume or less of gas or vapor, or 2 milligrams per liter or less of mist, fume, or dust, when administered b\ continuous installation for one hour (or le** if death occur* within one hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and .400 grams each. 4. Irritant: A chemical, which is not corrosive, but which cause* a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact. A chemical i* a skin ir ritant if, when te-ted on the intact skin of albino rabbits by the mehiod? of 16 CFR 1500 41 for four hours exposure or by other appropriate techniques, it results in an empirical score of five or more A chemical is an eye irritant if so de termined under the procedure listed in 16 CFR 1500 42 or other appropriate techniques 5. Sensitizer: A chemical that causes a substantial pro portion of exposed peoplp or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the chemicals. 6. Toxic: A chemical falling within any of the following categone*. (a) A chemical that has a median lethal rio*e (LD^0) of more than .50 milligram* per kilogram but not more than 500 milligram- per kilogram of body weight when administered orallv to albino rat? weighing between 200 and 300 grams each <b) A chemical that ha* a median lethal dose (LD10) of more than 200 milligram* per kilogram but not more than 1.000 milligram* per kilogram of body weight when admini*tered b> continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if death oc cur- within 24 hour-) with the bare .-kin of albino rabbits weighing between two and three kilograms each. (c)A chemical that has a median lethal concentration ( LCjrt) in air of more than 200 parts per million but not more than 2 000 part* per million by volume of gas or vapor, or more than two milligrams per liter but not more than 20 mil ligrams per liter of mist. fume, or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for one hour (or less if death occur* within one hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 gram* each Target organ effects. The following is a target organ categorization of effects which may occur, including exam ples of sign* and symptom* and chemicals which have been found to cause such effects These examples are presented to illustrate the range and diversity of effects and hazards found in the workplace, and the broad scope employers must consider in thi* area, but are not intended to be all-inclusive a Hepatotoxins Signs and bvmptoms................. Chemicai- b Nephrotoxins Sign* and Symptom* ............ Chemical* c Neurotoxm- Sign* and Symptom* Chemical* d Agent- which act on the blood of hematopoietic system Sign* and SymptomChemicale Agent- whirh damage the lung . . Change 34 Chemicals which produce liver damage. Jaundice; liver enlargement Carbon tetrachloride; nurosamines Chemicals which produce kidney damage. Edema; proteinuria Halogenated hydrocarbons; uranium Chemicals which produce their primary toxic effects on the nervous Sys tem, Narcosis, behaviroal changes, decrease in motor functions. Mercury, carbon disulfide Decreases hemoglobin function; deprive the body tissues of oxygen Cyanosis, joss of consciousness Carbon monoxide, cyanide* Chemical* which irritate or damage the pulmonary tissue 806.27 1910 1200 APPENDIX A no 0 CO * ! 4 0 conftofntto; 1910.1200 APPENDIX A STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Signs and Symptoms. Chemicals................. f. Reproductive toxins ,. Signs and Symptoms: Chemicals' ... g Cutaneous hazards Signs and Symptoms. Chemicals ... h E\e hazards ... Signs and Symptoms Chemicals................. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH Cough; tightness in chest; shortness of breath. Silica; asbestos. Chemicals which affect the reproductive capabilities including chromoso mal damage (mutations) and effects on fetuses (feratogenesis). Birth defects; sterility. Lead; DBCP. Chemical which affect the dermal layer of the body. Defatting of the skin; rashes; irritation. Ketones; chlorinated compounds. Chemicals which affect the eye or visual capacity. Conjunctivitis; corneal damage. Organic solvents; acids. APPENDIX B TO 1910.1200--HAZARD DETERMINATION (MANDATORY) chemical manufacturer, importer, or employer may also re port the results of other scientifically valid studies which tend to refute the findings of hazard. The quality of a hazard communication program is largely dependent upon the adequacy and accuracy of the hazard de termination, The hazard determination requirement of this standard is performance-oriented. Chemical manufacturers, importers, and employers evaluating chemicals are not re quired to follow any specific mehtods for determining haz ards. hut they must be able to demonstrate that they have adequately ascertained the hazards of the chemicals pro duced or imported in accordance with the criteria set forth in this Appendix Hazard evaluation rt a process which relies heavily on the professional judgment of the evaluator, particularly in the area of chronic hazards The performance-orientation of the hazard determination does diminish the duty of the chemical manufacturer, importer or employer to conduct a thorough evaluation, examining all relevant data and producing a sci entifically defensible evaluation. For purposes of this stand ard, the following criteria shall be used in making hazard de terminations that meet the requirements of this standard. 1. Carcinogenicity: As described in paragraph (d)(4) and Appendix A of this section, a determination by the National Toxicology Program, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, or OFHA that a chemical is a carcinogen or po tential carcinogen will be considered conclusive evidence for purposes of this section 2. Human data: Where available, epidemiological studies and case reports of adverse health effects shall be consid ered in the evaluation 3. Animal data: Human evidence of health effects in ex posed populations is generally not available for the majority of chemicals produced or used in the workplace- Therefore, the available results of toxicological testing in animal popu lations shall be used to predict the health effects that may be experienced by exposed workers. In particular, the defi nitions of certain acute hazards refer to specific animal testing results (see Appendix A) 4 Adequacy and reporting of data. The results of any studies which are designed and conducted according to es tablished scientific principles, and which report statistically significant conclusions regarding the health effects of a chemical, shall be a sufficient basis for a hazard determina tion and reported on any material safety data sheet The APPENDIX C TO S 1910.1 200--INFORMATION SOURCES (ADVISORY) The following is a list of available data sources which the chemical manufacturer, importer, or employer may wish to consult to evaluate the hazards of chemicals they produce or import: -- Any information in their own company files such as toxicity testing results or illness experience of company employees. -- Any information obtained from the supplier of the chemical, such as material safety data sheets or product safety bulletins. -- Any pertinent information obtained from the following source list (latest editions should be used): Condensed Chrmica l Dictionary Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 135 West 50th Street. New York, NY 10020 The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and Drug> Merck and Company, Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065 IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man Geneva: World Health Organization. International Agency for Research on Cancer. 1972-1977. (Multivolume work). 49 Sheridan Street. Albany. New York Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, by F. A. Patty John Wiley & Sons, Inc,, New York. NY (Five volumes) Clinical Toxicology of Commerical Product! Gleason. Gosselin and Hodge Casarett and DoulTt Toxicology; The Basic Science of Poisons Doull. Klaassen. and Amdur. Macmillan Publishing Co.. Inc.. New York, NY Industrial Toxicology, by Alice Hamilton and Harriet L. Hardy Publishing Sciences Group, Inc.. Acton, MA Toxicology of the Eye, by W. Morton Grant 1910.1200 APPENDIX C 806.28 Change 14 DO O CfjNF ' O t Al OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HKALTH 1910.1200 APPENDIX C STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS Charles C Thomas, .'101-327 East Lawrence Uenue. tspringfieI(i. II. Kecoqnittnn of Health Hazards in Industry William \ Burgess. John Wiley and Sons. 603 Third Avenue. New 3 ork. NY 10168 ( hemicnl Hazards of the Workplace Nick II. Proctor and James P, Hughes, J. P. Lipmcott Company . n Win Chester Terrace. New 4 ork. NY 10022 Handbook of Chemistry and Physics Chemical Kubher Company , 18901 Cranwood Parkway, Cleveland, OH 44128 Threshold Limit l alues for Chemical Substances and Physical 1 qents in the Workroom Environment with Intended Chanyes American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hy gienists, 6600 Glenway Avenue, Bldg, D-5. Cincinnati, OH 4621 Note --The following documents are on sale by the Su perintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, VSashington. D.C. 20402, Occupntionnl Health (luidelines NIOSH OSH \ . NIOSH Pub. No. Sl-123) 4/0.8// ON// 1 Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards NIOSH Puh No. 78-210 Reqistry of Tone Effects of Chemical Substances L ,S, Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service. Center for Disease Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH Puh No so-102) 7hr Industrial Environment--Its Evaluation and Control l s Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service. Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH Puh No 74-117) Miscellaneous Documents -- National Institute for Occu pational Safety and Health 1. Criteria for a recommended standard *** Occupa tional Exposure to "___ 2. Special Hazard Re y lews 3. Occupational Hazard Assessment 4 Current Intelligence Bulletins Hihiluigraphic Data Bases Service Proi ider and File \ame Kihliographie Retrieval Services (BRS), Corporation Park. Bldg 702, Scotia. New 4 ork 12302 \GRICOLA BIOSIS PREVIEWS CA CONDENSATES CA SEARCH DRUG INFORMATION MEDLARS ME DOC NTIS POLLUTION ABSTRACTS SCIENCE CITATION INDEX SSIE Lockheed --DIALOG. Lockheed Missiles & Space Compa ny, Inc., P.O. Box 44481. San Francisco. CA 94144 AGRICOLA BIOSIS PREV. 1972-PRESENT BIOSIS PREV. 1969-71 CA CONDENSATES 1970-71 CA SEARCH 1972-76 CA SEARCH 1977-PRESENT CHEMNAME CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX FOOD SCIENCE & TECH. ABSTR. FOODS ADLIBRA INTL, PHARMACEUTICAL ABSTR. NTIS POLLUTION ABSTRACTS SCISEARCH 1978-PRESENT SCISEARCH 1974-77 SSIE CURRENT RESEARCH SDC -- ORBIT, SDC Search Service, Department No, 2230, Pasadena. CA 91051 AGRICOLA BIOCODES BI0SIS'BIO6973 CAS6771/CAS7276 CAS77 CHEMDEX CONFERENCE ENVIROLINE LABORDOC NTIS POLLUTION SSIE Chemical Information System (CIS), Chemical Informa tion Systems Inc., 7215 Yorke Road, Baltimore, MD 21212 Structure & Nomeclature~Search System Acute Toxicity tRTECS) Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products Oil and Hazardous Materials Technical Assistance Data System National Library of Medicine, Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service. National In stitutes of Health. Bethesda. MD 20209 Toxicology Data Bank (TDB) MEDLIN TOXLINE CANCERLIT RTECS Chan^u vM 806.29 1910.1200 APPENDIX C no A 0.~"r ] LA L~ ;'J|NF T OF NT T A; standards and interpretations occupational safety and health 806.30 TOFNT TA! Chanif .14  1910.132 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7-1-92 Edit! n) tectlon Agency, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Hazardous Response Support Division, December 1984, 8. Preparation of a Site Safety Plan, Field Standard Operating Procedures (F.S.O.P.) 9; U.8. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Emergency and Remedial Re sponse. Hazardous Response Support Divi sion, April 1985. 9. Standard Operating Safety Guidelines; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Emergency and Remedial Re sponse, Hazardous Response Support Divi sion, Environmental Response Team; No vember 1984. 10. Occupational Safety and Health Guid ance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Ac tivities. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), UB. Coast Guard (USCG), and Environmen tal Protection Agency (EPA); October 1985. 11. Protecting Health and Safety at Haz ardous Waste Sites: An Overview, U.S. Envi ronmental Protection Agency, EPA/625/985/006; September 1985. 12. Hazardous Waste Sites and Hazardous Substance Emergencies. NIOSH Worker Bulletin, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Insti tute for Occupational Safety and Health; December 1982. 13. Personal Protective Equipment for Hazardous Materials Incidents: A Selection Guide; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control. National Insti tute for Occupational Safety and Health; October 1984. 14. Fire Service Emergency Management Handbook, International Association of Fire Chiefs Foundation, 101 East Holly Avenue, Unit 10B, Sterling, VA 22170, January 1985. 15. Emergency Response Guidebook, UH Department of Transportation. Washing ton, DC, 1987. 18. Report to the Congress on Hazardous Materials Training, Planning and Prepared ness, Federal Emergency Management Agency. Washington, DC, July 1988. 17. Workbook for Fire Command, Alan V. Bmnadnl and J. David Beageron. National Fire Protection Association. Batterymarch Park- Quincy, MA 02289. 1985. 18. Fire Command, Alan V. Bninadnl. Na tional Fire Protection Association. Battery- march Park., Quincy, MA 02269. 1985. 19. Incident Command System, Fire Pro tection Publications, Oklahoma State Uni versity. Stillwater, OK 74078, 1983. 20. Site Emergency Response Planning, Chemical Manufacturers Association, Wash ington. DC 20037, 1988. 21. Hazardous Materials Emergency Plan ning Guide, N"RT-1, Environmental Protec ts n Agency, Washington. DC. March 1987. 22. Community Teamwork; Working To gether to Promote Hazardous Materials Transportation Safety. U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, May 1983. 23. Disaster Planning Guide for Business and Industry, Federal Emergency Manage ment Agency, Publication No. FEMA 141, August 1987. (The Office of Management and Budget has approved the Information collection require ments In this section under control number 1218-0139) [54 FR 9317. Mar. 6. 1989, as amended at 55 FR 14073, Apr. 13, 1990; 56 FR 15832, Apr. 18. 19911 Subpart I--Personal Protective Equipment Authority; Secs. 4, 6, 8, Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 653. 655. 857); Secretary of Labor's Order No. 12-71 (36 FR 8754), 8-78 (41 FR 25059) or 9-83 (48 FR 35736), as applicable. 9 1910.132 General requirements. (a) Application, Protective equip ment, Including personal protective equipment for eyes, face, head, and ex tremities, protective clothing, respira tory devices, and protective shields and barriers, shall be provided, used, and maintained in a sanitary and reli able condition wherever it is necessary by reason of hazards of processes or environment, chemical hazards, radio logical hazards, or mechanical irri tants encountered in a manner capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical contact. (b) Employee-owned .equipment Where employees provide their own protective equipment, the employer shall be responsible to assure Its ade quacy, including proper maintenance, and sanitation of such equipment. (c) Design. All personal protective equipment shall be of safe design and construction for the work to be per formed. 91919.133 Eye and face protection. (a) General (1) Protective eye and face equipment shall be required where there is a reasonable probabili ty of injury that can be prevented by such equipment. In such cases, em- DO A. GOD 1-ifCONFTDFNTTAl Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor 1910.134 ployers shall make conveniently avail S 1910.134 Respiratory protection. able a type of protector suitable for the work to be performed, and em ployees shall use such protectors. No unprotected person shall knowingly be subjected to a hazardous environmen tal condition. Suitable eye protectors shall be provided where machines or operations present the hazard of flying objects, glare, liquids, injurious radiation, or a combination of these hazards. (2) Protectors shall meet the follow ing minimum requirements: (i) They shall provide adequate pro tection against the particular hazards for which they are designed. (II) They shall be reasonably com fortable when worn under the desig nated conditions. (III) They shall fit snugly and shall not unduly interfere with the move ments of the wearer. (a) Permissible practice. (1) In the control of those occupational diseases caused by breathing air contaminated with harmful dusts, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, smokes, sprays, or vapors, the primary objective shall be to prevent atmospheric contamination. This shall be accomplished as far as feasible by accepted engineering control measures (for example, enclosure or confine ment of the operation, general and local ventilation, and substitution of less toxic materials). When effective engineering controls are not feasible, or while they are being instituted, ap propriate respirators shall be used pursuant to the following require ments. (2) Respirators shall be provided by the employer when such equipment is necessary to protect the health of the employee. The employer shall provide (Iv) They shall be durable. the respirators which are applicable (v) They shall be capable of being and suitable for the purpose intended. disinfected, The employer shall be responsible for <vi) They shall be easily cleanable. the establishment and maintenance of (vli) Protectors should be kept clean a respiratory protective program and in good repair. which shall Include the requirements (3) Persons whose vision requires the outlined in paragraph (b) of this sec use of corrective lenses In spectacles, tion. and who are required by this standard (3) The employee shall use the pro to wear eye protection, shall wear gog vided respiratory protection In accord gles or spectacles of one of the follow ance with instructions and training re ing types: ceived. (i) Spectacles whose protective (b) Requirements for a minimal ac lenses provide optical correction. ceptable program. (1) Written stand (11) Goggles that can be worn over ard operating procedures governing corrective spectacles without disturb the selection and use of respirators ing the adjustment of the spectacles. shall be established. (ill) Goggles that incorporate correc (2) Respirators shall be selected on tive lenses mounted behind the protec the basis of hazards to which the tive lenses. worker is exposed. (4) Every protector shall be distinct (3) The user shall be instructed and ly marked to facilitate identification trained in the proper use of respira only of the manufacturer. tors and their limitations. (5) When limitations or precautions - (4) [Reserved] are indicated by the manufacturer, (5) Respirators shall be regularly they shall be transmitted to the user cleaned and disinfected. Those used by and care taken to see that such limita more than one worker shall be thor tions and precautions are strictly ob oughly cleaned and disinfected after served. each use. (6) Design, construction, testing, and (6) Respirators shall be stored in a use of devices for eye and face protec convenient, clean, and sanitary loca tion shall be in accordance with Amer tion. ican National Standard for Occupa (7) Respirators used routinely shall tional and Educational Eye and Pace be inspected during cleaning. Worn or Protection, Z87.1-1968. deteriorated parts shall be replaced. DO A 00.0 147 OONFTOFNTTAl Occupoti nal Safety and Health Admlru, Labor 1910.134 percent by volume of (Name of atmospheric contaminant) (4) Canisters having a special highefficiency filter for protection against radionuclides and other highly toxic particulates shall be labeled with a statement of the type and degree of protection afforded by the filter. The label shall be affixed to the neck end of. or to the gray stripe which is around and near the top of, the canis ter. The degree of protection shall be marked as the percent of penetration of the canister by a 0.3-micron-diame ter dioctyl phthalate (DOP) smoke at a flow rate of 85 liters per minute. (5) Each canister shall have a label warning that gas masks should be used only in atmospheres containing suffi cient oxygen to support life (at least 18 percent by volume), since gas mask canisters are only designed to neutral ize or remove contaminants from the air. (8) Each gas mask canister shall be painted a distinctive color or combina tion of colors Indicated In Table 1-1, Ail colors used shall be such that they are clearly identifiable by the user and clearly distinguishable from one an other. The color coating used shall offer a high degree of resistance to chipping, scaling, peeling, blistering, fading, and the effects of the ordinary atmospheres to which they may be ex posed under normal conditions of stor age and use. Appropriately colored pressure sensitive tape may be used for the stripea. Table 1-1 Atmoaphartc ccrtarTwwm to ba putactad agonat Cotara aaaignad1 Acta gaaaa................................ -.............. .. . Organic vapor* ....... ___ WNta. WhNa wtta ft-tach paan atrip* oomplataly arottad tha caraatar naar tha bottom. WhAa wtth Vtoincti yaAow atrlpa comptataty around tha canaMr naar tha bottom. Acta oaaaa and ammnraa paa ... Graan atth H-tach whrta rtrpa comptataty arortad tha earwtar Carbon monmorie.......... ...... Add obm and org--w W*mra naar toa bottom. Btaa. YaSow at*i tt-tach btoa atop* complataty around tha caraatar ntar tfv bottom Acta gaaaa. orgarac vaporv and arnmaa gaaaa ___ Brvm. Radbacflva matanata. cxcapttng (tin and nobia gaaaa______ Ptapa (Maganta). ParttatAataa (duatv funaa. iraats, toga, or amofcaa) ta oontat- Caraatar color tor contamtaant, ta daaignatad abova. with Vk- ntQon wth any at tha atova gaaaa or vaporv tach pay atto* comptataly around tha caraatar naar tha Al 0< lha abova atmoapharte mirimnaia ............ tap. Rad arih ttotacta yay atapa comptataly arouta tha canrat* ntm tha tap. ' Gray it*M nrt ba m Vw main oatar tor a cantatar rtaatgnad ta ramova actta or vaporv Note. Qranga ba uaad aa a oomptaia body, or M4pa color ta rapmaant gaaaa not tnckidad o ttaa tatta. Tha uaar wdl naad to rafar to tha caraatar labti to rtatamtia tta dapwa o( taotaiJtan tha caraatai aril aflord. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1318-0090) C39 PR 23502. June 37. 1074, aa amended at 43 PR 40748, Oct. 24. 1978; 49 PR 5333. Feb. 10. 1084; 49 PR 18295. Apr. 30. 19941 8 1910.135 Occupational bead protection. Helmets for the protection of heads of occupational workers from impact and penetration from falling and flying objects and from limited electric shock and bum shall meet the require ments and specifications established in American National Standard Safety Requirements for Industrial Head Pro tection, Z89.1-1989. 11910.138 Occupational foot protection. Safety-toe footwear for employees shall meet the requirements and speci fications in American National Stand ard for Men's Safety-Toe Footwear, Z41.1-1987. no a oooiao OOOr T A0NT T A,!  1910.137 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7-1-92 CdHIon) 9 1910.137 Electrical protective device*. Rubber protective equipment for electrical workers shall conform to the requirements established In the Amer ican National Standards Institute Standards as specified In the following list: Sac. Sourca 1910.13*...................... ANSI 241 1-1987, Man11 Sfy-Toa Footwaar. 1910.137............... ANSI 29.4-1988. Varrtilatlon and Safa PracDcaa of Abraarva Slav ing Oparattona. ft#m Standard RiAbar insulating glovaa............... J6.S-1967. Rubbar matting for uaa arouid JC7-1835 (R1982). atactnc acparatua. Rubbar inaulaflng blankafi.......-- J6.4-1970. Rubbar maulating hood*............... J8.2-1960 (R1982*. Rubbar maiiattng Una hoaa........... J8.1-19S0 (R1962). Rubbar maulating daavaa............. J6.5-1982. 9 1910.140 Standards organizations. Specific standards of the following organization have been referenced In this part. Copies of the referenced ma terials may be obtained from the issu ing organization. American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018. S 1910.133 Effective dates. (a) The provisions of this Subpart I shall become effective on August 27, 1971, except that: <1) Any provision in any other sec tion of this subpart which contains In itself a specific effective date or time limitation shall become effective on such date or shall apply In accordance with such limitation; and ___ (2) If any standard In 41 CFR part 50-204. other than a national consen sus standard Incorporated by refer ence in S 50-204.2(a) (1), is or becomes applicable at any time to any employ ment and place of employment, by virtue of the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act, or the Service Contract Act of 1965, or the National Founda tion on Arts and Humanities Act of 1965. any corresponding established Federal standard In this Subpart I which is derived from 41 CFR part 50204 shall also become effective, and shall be applicable to such employ ment and place of employment, on the same date. 9 1910.139 Source* of standard*. Sac. Sara 1910 132...................... 41 CFR S0-3O4.7. 1910.133(a)................. ANSI ZS7.1-19N. Eya rad Fa ProfecMon. 1910-134...................... ANSI ZBR2-19M, SlradraJ Practoa Or nuHPOl 1910.134 TaWa H..... - ANSI K13.1-1987, ManMcaton 04 Qaa Ua* CanWMr 1910 135...................... ASM ZaO I-1909. Sda> Haq*- fTwnw so* nm naao nuvotton Subport J--Gensral Environmental Controls Authority: Section 4, 6 and 8, Occupa tional Safety and Health Act of 1970, 39 UAC. 863, 866. 867; Secretary of Labor's Order No. 12-71 (36 FR 8754) 8-76 (41 FR 35059) or 9-83 ( 48 FR 35736). as applicable. Sections 1910.141. 1910.143 and 1910.147 also Issued under 29 CFR part 1911. 91910.141 Sanitation. (a) General--(1) Scope. This section applies to permanent places of em ployment. (2) Definitions applicable to this sec tion. (1) Lavatory means a basin or aimliar vessel used exclusively for washing of the hands, arms, faces, and head. (ii) Nonwater carriage toilet facility, means a toilet facility not connected to & sewer. (ill) Number of employees means, unless otherwise specified, the maxi mum number of employees present at any one time on a regular shift. (iv) Personal service room, means a room used for activities not directly connected with the production or serv ice function performed by the estab lishment. Such activities include, but are not limited to, first-aid, medical services, dressing, showering, toilet use, washing, and eating. (v) Potable water means water which meets the quality standards prescribed In the UH. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards, published in 42 CFR part 72, or water which Is approved for drinking purposes by the 00 A OF; ; r-NF T DFNT IA( 16360 Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 66 / Wednesday, April 6, 1994 / Rules and Regulations List of Subjects in 29 CFR Part 1910 Eye protection; Face protection; Foot protection; Hand protection; Footwear; Hard hats: Head protection; Incorporation by reference; Occupational safety and health; Occupational Safety and Health Administration; Personal protective equipment; Safety glasses: Safety shoes. Authority This document has been prepared under the direction of Joseph A. Dear. Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20210. Accordingly, pursuant to sections 4, 6, and 8 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (29 U.S C 653. 655, 657); Secretary of Labor's Order No, 190 (55 FR 9033); and 29 CFR part 1911, 29 CFR part 1910 is amended as set forth below. Signed ai Washington D.C this 25th day of March, 1994. Joseph A. Dear, Assistant Secretary ofLabor PART 1910--[AMENDED] Subpart I--Personal Protective Equipment 1. The authority citation for subpart 1 of part 1910 is revised to read aa follows. Authority- Sections 4. 6. and 8 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (29 U.S C 653. 655, 657); Secretary of Labor's Oder No, 12-71 (36 FR 8754). 8-76 (41 FR 25059), 9-83 (48 FR 35736) or 1-90 (55 FR 9033). as applicable; and 29 CFR part 1911, as applicable. 2 New paragraphs (d) through (f) are added to 1910.132 to read as follows: $1910.132 General requirements, ** (d) Hazard assessment and equipment selection. (1) The employer shall assess the workplace to determine if hazards are present, or are likely to be present, which necessitate the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). If such hazards are present, or likely to be present, the employer shall: (1) Select, and have each affected employee use, the types of PPE that will protect the affected employee from the hazards identified in the hazard assessment; (ii) Communicate selection decisions to each affected employee; and, (m) Select PPE that properly fits each affected employee. Note: Non-mandatory Appendix B contains an example of procedures that would comply with the requirement for a hazard assessment (2) The employer shall verify that the required workplace hazard assessment has been performed through a written certification that identifies the workplace evaluated; the person certifying that the evaluation has been performed; the date(s) of the hazard assessment; and, which identifies the document as a certification of hazard assessment. (e) Defective and damaged equipment Defective or damaged personal protective equipment shall not be used. (D Training (1) The employer shall provide training to each employee who is required by this section to use PPE. Each such employee shall be trained to know at least the following: (1) When PPE is necessary; (ii) What PPE is necessary: (iii) How to properly don, doff, adjust, and wear PPE; (iv) The limitations of the PPE; and, (v) The proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal of the PPE. (2) Each affected employee shall demonstrate an understanding of the training specified in paragraph (f)(1) of this section, and the ability to use PPE properly, before being allowed to perform work requiring the use of PPE. (3) When the employer has reason to believe that any affected employee who has already been trained does not have the understanding and skill required by paragraph (f)(2) of this section, the employer shall retrain each such employee. Circumstances where retraining is required Include, but are not limited to. situations where: (i) Changes in the workplace render previous training obsolete; or (ii) Changes in the types of PPE to be used render previous training obsolete: or (iii) Inadequacies in an affected employee's knowledge or use of assigned PPE indicate that the employes has not retained the requisite understanding or skill. (4) The employer shall verify that each affected employee has received and understood the required training through a written certification that contains the name of eacn emplovee trained, the date(s) of training, and that identifies the subject of the certification, 3. Section 1910.133 is revised to read as follows. $1910.133 Eye and (ace protection. (a) Genera] requirements. (1) Each affected employee shall use appropriate eye or face protection when exposed to eye or face hazards from flying particles, molten metal, liquid chemicals, adds or caustic liquids, chemical gases or vapors, or potentially injurious light radiation. (2) Each affected employee shall use eye protection that provides side protection when there is a hazard from flying objects. Detachable side protectors (e.g. clip-on or slide-on side shields) meeting the pertinent requirements of this section are acceptable. (3) Each affected employee who wears prescription lenses while engaged in operations that involve eye hazards shall wear eye protection that incorporates the prescription in its design, or shall wear eye protection that can be worn over the prescription lenses without disturbing the proper position of the prescription lenses or the protective lenses. (4) Eye and face PPE shall be distinctly marked to facilitate identification of the manufacturer. (5) Each affected employee shall use equipment with filter lenses that have a shade number appropriate for the work being performed for protection from injurious light radiation. The following is a listing of appropriate shade numbers for various operations. DO A ODDI DO 0.0 NF TDFNT TAl Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 66 / Wednesday, April 6. 1994 / Rules and Regulations 16361 Fitter Lenses tor Protection Against Radiant Energy Operations Electric Sue 1/32 in. Arc Current Minimum' Protective Shade Shielded metal arc welding Gas metal arc welding and flux cored arc weld' ing Less than 3 ... 3-5 .................. 5-8 .................. ......... ................. More than 8 .... .............................. 160-250 .................. .................. .. 250-550 .................. ...................... less than 60 ........... ...................... 60-160 .................... ...................... 160-250 .......... .:..... 250 500 .................. ....................... 10 11 7 10 10 Gas Tungsten arc welding less than 50 ........... 50-150 ................... ...................... 8 150-500 .................. ....................... 10 Air carbon Arc catting Plasma arc welding (Light) ............. ...................... 10 (Heavy) .... ...... ....... ....................... 500-1000 ................ ...................... 11 less than 20 ........... ...................... 20-100 .................... ...................... 100-400 .................. ...................... 400-800 .................. ...................... 6 8 10 11 Plasma arc cutting Torcti Drawing Tomb soldering Carbon arc welding (light)" ........... ...................... 8 (medium)" .... .............................. 300400 .............. ....................... 9 (heavy)" ........ ............................... 400-800 .................. ...................... 10 ...................... 3 ...* ............... ,, ...................... 2 .**.* --...... ............ ------ ------------ 14 Fitter Lenses for Protection Against RacSant Energy Operations Plate thickness--inches Plate thickness--mm Minimum* Protective Shade Gas Welding: Light Medium Heavy Under 1/8 ................................. .... Under 3.2 ........................ ............. 4 1/8 to 1/2.............. ................ .... 32 to 12.7 ................... ................ . 5 Over 1/2 ............ . . . .... Over 12.7 ...................................... 6 Oxygen cutting. Light Medium Heavy Under 1 ............ ....................... ..... Under 25 ................... .................. 3 1 to 6 ......................................... .... 25 to 150..................... ............ . 4 Over 6 *..... ........... ........................ Over 150 ................................. ...... 5 ' As a rule ot thumb. start with a shade that is too dark to see the weld zone. Then go to a lighter shade which gives sufficient view of the weld zone without going below the rrvrvmum. In oxyfuel gas welding or cutting where the torch produces a htgh yetiow ligttL it is desirable to use a fitter lens that absorbs the yeflow or sockum line in the visible light ot the (spectrum) operation. " These values apply where the actual arc clearly seen. Experience has shown that lighter filters may be used when the arc is hidden by the workpiece. fb) Criteria for protective eye and face devices. (1) Protective eye and face devices purchased after July 5. 1994 shall comply with ANSI Z87.1-1989, ' American National Standard Ffractice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection," which is incorporated by reference, or shall be demonstrated by the employer to be equally effective. This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies may be obtained from the American National Standards Institute. Copies may be inspected at the Docket Office, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Ave., N.W. room N2634, Washington, D.C. or at the Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street NW., suite 700, Washington. DC. (2) Eye and face protective devices purchased before July 5, 1994 shall' comply with the ANSI "USA standard for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection," Z87,1-1968 or shall be demonstrated by the employer to be equally effective. This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies ma> be inspected at the Docket Office. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Ave.. N.W. room N2634, Washington, D C. or at the Office of the Federal Register. BOO North Capitol Street NW.. suite 700. Washington. DC 4. Sections 1910.135 and 1910 136 are revised to read as follows-. DO A OOS1D1 f.ONF TDFNT TA( 16362 Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 66 / Wednesday. April 6, 1994 / Rules and Regulations 1910.135 Head protection. (a) General requirements. (1) Each affected employee shall wear protective helmets when working in areas where there is a potential for injury to the head from falling objects. (2) Protective helmets designed to reduce electrical shock hazard shall be worn by each such affected employee w hen near exposed electrical conductors which could contact the head. (b) Criteria for protective helmets (1) Protective helmets purchased after July 5, 1994 shall comply with ANSI Z89.11386, "American National Standard for Personnel Protection--Protective Headwear for Industrial WorkersRequirements," which is incorporated by reference, or shall be demonstrated to be equally effective. This Incorporation b> reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S C 552(a) and 1 CFR pari 51. Copies may be obtained from the American National Standards Institute Copies may be inspected at the Docket Office Occupational Safety and Health Administration. U.S, Department of Labor 200 Constitution Ave , N W. room N2634. Washington, D.C. or at the Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street NW,, suite 700, Washington, DC. (2) Piotective helmets purchased before July 5, 1994 shall comply with the ANSI standard "American National Standard Safetv Requirements for Industrial Head Protection," ANSI Z89 1-1969, or shall be demonstrated by the employer to be equally effective. This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51 Copies may be inspected at the Docket Office, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, LI'S Department of Labor, 2C0 Constitution Ave , N.W. room N2634. Washington. D C. or at the Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street NW,, suite 700. Washington, DC. 1910.136 Foot protection. (a) General requirements. Each affected employee shall wear protective footwear when working in areas where there is a danger of foot injuries due to falLng and rolling objects, or objects piercing the sole, and where such employee's feet are exposed to electrical hazards (b) Criteria for protective footwear. (1) Protective footwear purchased after July 5, 1994 shall comply with ANSI Z'411991, ''American National Standard for Personal Protection--ProtectiveFootwear." which is incorporated by reference, or shall be demonstrated by the employer to be equally effective. This incorporation-by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies may be obtained from the American National Standards Institute. Copies may be inspected at the Docket Office, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. 200 Constitution Ave., N.W. room N2634, Washington, D.C. or at the Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street NW., suite 700, Washington, DC. (2) Protective footwear purchased before July 5, 1994 shall comply with the ANSI standard "USA Standard for Men's Safety-Toe Footwear," Z41.11967, which is incorporated by reference, or shall be demonstrated by the employer to be equally effective. This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies may be inspected at the Docket Office, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Ave., N.W. room N2634. Washington, D.C. or at the Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street NW., suite 700, Washington, DC, 5. A new 1910.138 is added to read as follows. 1910.138 Hand protection. (a). General requirements. Employers shall select and require employees to use appropriate kad protection when employees' heads are exposed to hazards suck as tkese from skin absorption of karenfcrl substances, severe cuts or lacerations; severe abrasions; punctures, chemical bums; thermal burns; and harmful temperature extremes. fb) Selection. Employers shall base the selection of the appropriate hand protection on an evaluation of the performance characteristics of the hand protection relative to the task(s) to be performed, conditions present, duration of use, and the hazards and potential hazards identified. 6. Appendices A and B to Subpart I are added to read as follows. Appendix A to Subpart I--References lor further Information (Non-mandatory) The documents in Appendix A provide . information which may be helpful in understanding and implementing the standards in Subpart 1. 1. Bureau of labor Statistics (BLS). "Accidents Involving Eye Injuries " Report 597. Washington, D.C,, BLS, 1980 2. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) "Accidents Involving Face ln]unes." Report 604. Washington, DC., BLS, 1980 3 Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) "Accidents Involving Head Injuries." Report 605, Washington, DC.: BLS, I960 4. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), "Accidents Involving Foot Injuries " Report 626, Washington. D C.. BLS. 1981. 5. National Safety Council. "Accident Facts", Annual edition. Chicago. IL; 1981 6. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). "Occupational In|unes and Illnesses in the United States by Industry." Annual edition. Washington. D C BLS. 7. National Society to Prevent Blindness "A Guide for Controlling Eye Injuries in Industry," Chicago. II: 1982. Appendix B to Subpart 1--Non-mandatory Compliance Guidelines for Hazard Assessment and Personal Protective Equipment Selection This Appendix is intended to provide compliance assistance for employers and employees in implementing requirements for a hazard assessment and the selection of personal protective equipment. 1. Controlling hazards. PPE devices alone should not be relied on to provide protection against hazards, but should be used m conjunction with guards, engineering controls, and sound manufacturing practices, 2. Assessment and selection. It is necessary to consider certain general guidelines for assessing the foot, head, eye and (ace, and hand hazard situations that exist in an occupational or educational operation or process, and to match the protective devices to the particular hazard It should be the responsibility of the safety officer to exercise common sense and appropriate expertise to .accomplish these tasks, 3. Assessment guidelines. In order to assess the need for PPE the following steps should be taken: a. Survey, Conduct a walk-through survey of the areas in question The purpose of the survey is to identify sources of hazards to workers and co-workers Consideration should be given to the basic hazard categories: (a) Impact fb) Penetration (c) Compression (roll-over) (d) Chemical (e) Heat If) Harmful dust (g) Light (optical) radiation b. Sources During the walk-through survev the safety officer should observe (al sources of motion; I.e., machinery or processes where any movement of tools, machine elements or particles could exist, or movement of personnel that could result in collision with stationary obiects. (b| sources of high temperatures that could result in burns, eve injury or ignition of protective equipment, etc.; (c) types of chemical exposures, (d) sources of harmful dust; (e) sources of light radiation, i.e.. welding, brazing, cutting, furnaces, heat treating, high intensity lights etc.; (f) sources of falling objects or potential for dropping obiects. (g) sources of sharp objects which might pierce the feet or eul the hands, [hi sources of rolling or pinching DO A o.-'cAc>; tONfTDFNTT A' Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 66 / Wednesday, April 6, 1994 / Rules and Regulations 16363 obiects which could crush the feet. (1) layout of workplace and location of co-workers, and (l) am- electrical hazards. In addition. in|urv/ accident data should be reviewed to help identify problem areas. c Organize data Following the walk through suney, it is necessary to organize the data and information for use in the assessment of hazards The objective is to prepare for an analysis of the hazards m the cm ironment to enable proper selection of protective equipment d Analyze data Has mg gathered and organized data on a workplace, an estimate of the potential for injuries should be made Each of the basic hazards (paragraph 3 a 1 snould be reviewed and a determination made as to Lhe type, level of risk, and seriousness of potential injury from pach of the hazards found ui the area. The possibility of exposure to several hazards simultaneously should be considered. 4 Selection guidelines After completion of the procedures in paragraph 3, the general procedure for selection of protective equipment is to- a) Become familiar with the potential hazards and the type of protective equipment that is available, and what it can do. i e . splash protection, impact protection, etc b! compare the hazards associated with the env ironment, i.e,. impact velocities masses, projectile shape, radiation intensities w ith the capabilities of the available protective equipment, c) select the protective equipment which ensures a level of protection greater than the minimum required to protect employees from the hazards, and d) fit the user with the protective dev ice and give instructions on care and use of the PPE It is very important that end users be made aware of all warning labels for and limitations of their PPE. 5 Fitting the device Careful consideration must be given to comfort and fit. PPE that fits poorly will not afford the necessary protection Continued wearing of the device is more likely if it fits the wearer comfortably Protective devices are generally available in a variety of sizes Care should be taken to ensure that the right size is selected. 6 Devices with adjustable features. Adjustments should be made on an individual basis for a comfortable fit that will maintain the protective device in the proper position. Particular care should be taken in fitting devices for eye protection against dust and chemical splash to ensure that the devices are sealed to the face In addition, proper fitting of helmets is important to ensure that it will not fall off during work operations In some cases a chin strap may be necessary to keep the helmet on an employee's head (Chin straps should break at a reasonablv low force, however, so as to prevent a strangulation hazard] Where manufacturer's instructions are available they should be followed carefully 7 Reassessment of hazards It is the responsibility of the safety officer to reassess the workplace hazard situation as necessary by identifying and evaluating new equipment and processes reviewing accident records, and reevaluating the suitability of prev iousIv selected PPE, 8, Selection chart guidelines for eve and face protection Some occupations (not a complete list) for which eye protection should be routinely considered are carpenters, electricians, machinists, mechanics and repairers, millwrights, plumbers and pipe fitters, sheet metal workers and tinsmiths, assemblers, sanders grinding machine operators, lathe and milling machine operators, sawyers, welders laborers, chemical process operators and handlers, and timber cutting and logging workers. The following chart provides general guidance for the proper selection of eye and face protection to protect against hazards associated with the listed hazard "source" operations Eye and Face Protection Selection Chart Source Assessment of Hazard Protection IMPACT--Chipping, grinding machining, masonry work. woodworking, sawing, dnlling, chiseling, powered fastening, riveting, and sanding HEAT--Furnace operations, pouring, casting, hot dip ping, and welding CHEMICALS--Acid and chemicals handling, degreasing plating . DUST-- Woodworking, buffing, general dusty conditions LiGHT and/or RADIATION-- Welding Electric arc Welding Gas Cutting, Torch brazing. Torch soldering Glare Flying fragments, objects, large chips, particles Sand, dirt. etc., Hot sparks ...................................... Splash from molten metals ............ High temperature exposure .......... Splash Irmatmg mists ______ Nuisance dust ............ Optical radiation ....... Optical radiation........ Optical radiation Poor vision Spectacles with side protection, goggles, face shields. See notes (i), (3), (5). (6). (10) For severe exposure, use laceshield. Faceshields, goggles, spectacles with side pro tection, For severe exposure use faceshieid See notes (1). (2), (3). Faceshields worn over goggles. See notes (i) (2). (3) Screen face shields, reflective face shields See notes (1), (2). (3). Goggles, eyecup and cover types For severe exposure, use face shield See notes (3f, (11) Special-purpose goggles Goggles, eyecup and cover types See note (8) Welding helmets or welding shields Typical shades: 10-14. See notes (9), (12) Welding goggles or welding face shield Typicai shades', gas welding 4-8. cutting 3-6. brazing 3-4. See note (9) . Spectacles or welding face-shield Typica*1 2 3 4 * * 7 shades, 1.5-3. See notes (3), (9) Spectacles with shaded or special-purpose lenses, as suitable See notes (9). HO) Notes to Eye and Face Protection Selection Chart (1) Care should be taken to recognize the possibility of multiple and simultaneous exposure to a variety of hazards Adequate protection against me highest level of each of the hazards should be provided. Protective devices do not provide unlimited protection. (2) Operations involving heat may also involve light radiation As required by the staeoard. protection from both hazards must be provided (3) Faceshields should only be worn over pnmary eye protection (spectacles Or goggles) (4) As required by the standard, fitter lenses must meet the requirements lor shade designations in i910.133(a)(5). Tinted and shaded lenses are not litter lenses unless they are marked or identified as such. (E) As required by the standard, persons whose vision requires the use of prescription (Rx) lenses must wear either protective devices fitted with prescription (Rx) lenses Or protective devices designed to be worn over regular prescription (Rx) eyewear. (6i Wearers of contaci lenses must also wear appropriate eye and face protection devices m a hazardous environment It should be recog n.zed that dusty anckcr chemical environments may represent an additional hazard to contact lens wearers. (7) Caution should be exercised in the use of metal frame protective devices in electncai hazard areas (8j Atmosphenc conditions and the restricted ventilation of the protector can cause lenses to fog Frequent cleansing may be necessary (9j Welding beimets or (aceshields should be used only over pnmary eye protection (spectacles or goggles). DO A 000100 CONFTDFNTT A! 16364 Federal Register / Vol. 59, No. 66 / Wednesday. April 6. 1994 / Rules and Regulations (10) Non-sideshieid spectacles are available for frontal protection only, but are not acceptable eye protection for the sources and operations listed for "impact,'' (11) Ventilation should be adequate, but well protected from splash entry Eye and face protection should be designed and used so that rt pro vides both adequate ventilation and protects the wearer from spiash entry. (12) Protection from light radiation is directly related to filter lens density, See note (4) Select the darkest shade that allows task performance 9 Selet tion guidelines for head protection Ail head protection (helmets) is designed to provide protection from impact and pt netrat.on hazards caused bv falling objects Head protection is aiso available which p:o\ ides protec: tion from electric shock and hum \\hf,n 'electing head protection ki.uw .edge of potential elec tricai hazards is important Class A helmets, in addition to (mpa<t and penetration resistance provide eiei tnca. protection from low-voltage conductors (thev are proof tested to 2 200 volts) Class B helmets, in addition to impact and penetrat.on resistance, provide electrical prelection from h.gh-voltage conductors Ithev are proof tested to 20,000 volts] Class C heimeis provide impact and penetration resistance ithev are usually made of dluminum w hit h c or.ducts electricity), and should not be used around electrical hazards W here falling omen hazards are present, helmets must be worn Some examples iruJude working lx. low other woriters w ho are us mg too is aid materials w men couia fall, working around or under convevor belts which are canm mg pans or materials, Aoming below Tiauhinerv or processes wmm m.ght rau<r mamrial or objects to fa.l. arm. working on exposed energized cor.auctors Some examples of occupations for which head protect.on should be ruutmelv cor.sicered are carpenters, electricians, 'ir.emen, mechanics and repairers, plumbers a.hd p pe fitters assemblers packers, wrappers, saw-vers welders laborers, freight hard.ers timber cutting and logging, stock handlers and warehouse laborers 10 Se'etmon guidelines for foot protection Sett tv shoe-s and boots which meet the ANSI Z4 1 -- 1991 Standard provide both impact and compression protection Where necessarv, saf'^v shoes can be obtained which provide puncture protection In some work situations, metatarsal protection should be provided, and in other special situations electrical conductive or insulating safety shoes would be appropriate Safety shoes or boots with impact protection would be required for carrying or handling materials such as packages, objects. parts or heaw tools, which could be dropped and, for other activities where ob.ects m.ght fall onto the feet Safety shoes* or boots with compression protection would be required for work activities involving skid trucks [manual material handling carts) around bulk rolls (such as paper roils) and around heavy pipes, ail of which could potent)a 11 v roll over an employee's feet, Safety shoes or boots with puncture protection would be required where sharp objects such as nails, wire, tacks, screws, large staples scrap metal etc . could be stepped on by employees causing a foot injury'. Some occupations (not a complete list) for which foot protection should be routinely considered are shipping and receiving clerks, stock clerks, carpenters, electricians, machinists, mechanics and repairers, plumbers and pipe fitters, structural metal workers, assemblers, drvwall installers and lathers, packers, wrappers, craters.-punch and stamping press operators, sawyers, welders, laborers, freight handlers, gardeners and grounds-keepers* timber cutting and logging workers, stock handlers and warehouse laborers.. 11 Selection guidelines for hand protection Gloves are often relied upon to prev ent cuts, abrasions, burns, and skin contact with chemicals that are capable of causing local or systemic effects following dermal exposure, OSHA is unaware of any gloves that provide protection against all potential hand hazards, and commonly available glove materials prov ide onJy limited protection against many chemicals. Therefore, it is important to select the most appropnate glove for a particular application and to determine how long it can be worn, and whether it can be reused. It is also important to know the performance characteristics of gloves relative to the specific hazard anticipated: e g . chemical hazards, cut hazards, flame hazards, etc These performance characteristics should be assessed by using standard test procedures. Before purchasing gloves, the employer should request documentation from the manufacturer that the gloves meet the appropriate test siandard(s) for the hazard(s) anticipated Other factors to be considered for g:ove selection in general include: (A) As long as the performance characteristics are acceptable, in certain circumstances, it may be more cost effective to regularly change cheaper gloves than to reuse more expensive types, and. (B) The work activities of the empiovee should be stodied to determine the degree of dexterity required, the duration, frequency and degree of exposure of the hazard ar.O the physical stresses that will be applied With respect to selection of gloves for protection against chemical hazards (A) The toxic properties of the chemical s) must be determined, in particular the an...tv of the chemical to cause local effects on the skin and /or to pass through the sk.n a:.u cause systemic effects; (B) Generally, any "chemical resistant glove can be used for dry powders, (C) For mixtures and formulated proof's (unless specific test data are available), a glove should be selected on the basis of tr.e chemical component with the shortest breakthrough time, since it is possible ;^r solvents to carry active ingredients through polymeric materials, and, (D) Employees must be able to remove the gloves in such a manner as to prefer.: contamination. 12 Cleaning and maintenance It is important that all PPE be kept ciean arc properly maintained Cleaning is partm^.3' v important for eye and face protection where dirty or fogged lenses could impair vis rn For the purposes of compliance w .rb 51910 132 (a) and fb). PPE should be inspected, cleaned, and maintained at regular intervals so that the PPE prov ides the requisite protection It is also important to ensure that contaminated PPE which cannot be decontaminated is disposed of in a mampthat protects employees from exposure *; hazards. [FR Doc 94-7581 Filed 4-5-94. 8 45 ami JLUMQ COOC 41fr-2t-F