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BACK TO MAIN MULTI-CITY STUDY FIELD REPORT FOR MOBILE ALABAMA AND PENSACOLA FLORIDA - BATTELLE DUXBURY ACTIVITIES for Project Number N100672-01 Submitted to September 29,1999 Prepared by Christopher Gagnon Battelle 397 Washington Street Duxbury, MA 02332 (781) 934-0571 BACK TO MAIN Table of Contents Page: i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Survey Specific Approval ................................................................................................................. 1 2. Methods................................................................................................................................................. 2 3. Chronology............................................................................................................................................ 2 4. Results ................................................................................................................................................... 4 4.1 SampleMatrix Availability................................................................................................................ 9 4.2 Onsite Observations ......................................................................................................................... 10 4.3 Instrumentation Results .................................................................................................................... 10 5. Deviations and correctiveactions........................................................................................................ 12 LIST OF TABLES TABLE1. MUNICIPALITISEASMPLEDAND APPROVALS GRANTEDURINGSURVEY .................................. 1 TABLE2.CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTSON JUNE23. 1999................................................................................. 2 TABLE3. CHRONOLOGYOF EVENTSON JUNE24, 1999................................................................................ 3 TABLE4. CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTSON JUNE25, 1999................................................................................ 3 TABLE5.CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTSON JUNE28,1999................................................................................. 3 TABLE6. CHRONOLOGYOF EVENTOSN JUNE29, 1999................................................................................ 4 TABLE7. CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTSON JUNE30, 1999................................................................................ 4 TABLE8. COLLECTED SAMPLESFROM MOBILEAL...................................................................................... 5 TABLE9. COLLECTEDSAMPLESFROM PENSACOLA FL................................................................................ 7 TABLE10. SAMPLINSGITEPOSITIONISN MOBILEAL................................................................................ 11 TABLE11. SAMPLINGSITEPOSITIONSIN PENSACOLA FL.......................................................................... 12 TABLE12. GPS POSITIONVERIFICATION RESULTS .................................................................................... 12 Final Field Rpt Mobile AL Pensacola FL.doc Battelle qF h4k . . . Purting Technology To Work BACK TO MAIN Introduction 1. INTRODUCTION The objective of the sampling task in this study is to collect representative samples for tracelevel analysis of FC residuals, to assess sources, dispersion in the environment, and human exposure via the food chain. The cities selected for sample collection will be considered `study' or `control' cities. `Study' cities are considered those areas with FC: production facilities or large FC-consumers. `Control' cities do not contain FC production or consumption facilities and are matched to study cities based on general location, population size, and drinking water source. During the initial phase of the study phone calls were made to municipal agencies requesting access to various matrices of interest. Based upon the level of cooperation received from the municipal agencies, appropriate sampling strategies were developed. The Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) and the Survey Plan contain the appropriate information concerning the matrices for collection and methods to be utilized for this process. The full project sampling scope is accomplished using two field teams: 1) Battelle's Duxbury Personnel collect drinking water, POTW, landfill and urban air samples, and 2) Battelle's Marine Sciences Laboratory (MSL) personnel collect surface water microlqyer, bulk water and finfish samples. This report summarizes the Duxbury team effort. A separate report summarizes the MSL activities. 1.1 Survey Specific Approval Organizations in Mobile Alabama responded favorably to sampling requests at the Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW), the municipal drinking water plant, and the Mobile Fire Department (for atmospheric sampling) and granted permission to sample at these sites. Permission was not granted for sampling at the municipal landfill. Responsible parties in Pensacola Florida also responded favorably and granted permission for sampling at the POTW, the municipal drinking water plant, and the Pensacola Fire Department (for atmospheric sampling). Permission to sample was denied at the Pensacola municipal landfill. Table 1 highlights the cities visited during this survey and the approvals granted by municipal departments . City Pensacola FL Mobile AL Study or Control Study Study Fire Department (Air Sampling) J J POTW J J Drinking Water Plant J J Municipal Landfill NA NA Final Field Rpt Mobile AL Pensacola FL.doc &pBaftelle . . . Pufting Technology To Work BACK TO MAIN methods 2. METHODS The collection of environmental samples was conducted according to Standard Operation Procedures (SOP'S). The SOP's used in the Multi-City Study were .written by Battelle and are used to train personal prior to field activities and also serve as a reference documents while in the field. These documents, along with the QAPP, serve as the guidance documents for the collection of field samples. The methods used for collection are sununarized below. The collection of position data (latitude and longitude) was completed at each sampling location using a Garmin 12XL GPS unit according to Battelle SOP 3-164-01. Instrument accuracy was validated by comparing an acquired position versus a position of known location. The collection of air samples was completed using a General Metals Model PS-1 atmospheric sampler. The sampling was conducted according to Battelle SOP M3-MC-F-1.1. `Theuse of this system allows the separate collection of particulate and vapor phase compounds using a glass fiber filter for particulate matter and a polyurethane foam PUF for the vapor phase. Water samples from drinking water supplies, POTW's, and landfills were collected according to SOP M3-F-2.0. Surface water samples were collected via direct submersion of the sample bottle. Tap water and drinking water, supplied by the municipal plant, were collected via a. valve system. Effluent was collected using either a bucket or small sampling beaker. Sediment samples were collected using Battelle SOP M3-F-7.0. Sediment samples were collected using a stainless steel spoon in Mobile, see Section 6 for an explanation of the collection procedure in Pensacola. Sludge in Mobile was collected using a valve system, in Pensacola it was collected using a stainless steel spoon supplied by the POTW. 3. CHRONOLOGY Tables 2-7 highlight the events that occurred each day of the survey. Sample matrix collection times have been transcribed from the sample log; all other times have been estimated based on the events that transpired during the survey. All times have been recorded in Eastern Standard Time. Table 2. Chronology of Events on June 23,1999 0615 130-1500 1515 1600-1830 Battelle Duxbury personnel depart Boston. Arrive in Mobile. Pick up rental van and proceed to Federal Express to retrieve sampling materials. All materials present and accounted for. Proceed to meet with Michael Byrd, Deputy Chief of Field Operations for the Mobile Fire Department. Discuss location of Atmospheric sampler, we agree on Station 11. Arrive at Station 11 and place air sampling unit behind building for sample collection. Conduct calibration of air sampler and start sampling for 12hr period. Conduct reconnaissance of Mobile River for surface water sampling area. Discover US Coast Guard Station Mobile located along river. Entered base and proceeded to secure bearings for aid to navigation positions on site. The forward of the two positions was used to verify the GPS system. Return to hotel. Final Field Rpt Mobile AL Pensacola FL.doc Baitelle qfl Aqw& . . . Putting Technology To Work Table 3. Chronology of Events on June 24,1999 BACK TO MAIN Chronology Page: 3 I 1830 Collect alternative leachate sample from Halls Mill Creek. I 1915 Return to hotel and collect Site 1 tap water samples. 0800-0900 1045-1115 1230 I 1800 Commence spiking of field spike samples. Repack samples for shipping including the addition of fresh ice. I Arrive at Federal Express office, ship samples and equipment. 1 DeDart Mobile for Boston. I Arrive in Boston. Table 5. Chronology of Events on June 28,1999 0715 1630 1645-1715 1820 Depart Boston for Pensacola FL. Arrive in Pensacola, secure a rental vehicle and proceed to Federal Express to pick up sampling supplies. At the Federal Express station it was discovered that the cooler containing our sampling supplies was lost during shipment from Mobile. Arrive at Pensacola Fire Department Station 2. Describe samplirtg scheme to Captain Russell Bobe, following the conversation the air sampler was calibrated. The instrument was cleaned and sampling was initiated. The sampler was not placed on a timer because it was lost during shipment. Arrive at hotel to conclude the day. Final Field Rpt Mobile AL Pensacola FL.doc Baltelle gqF k. .. Putting Technology To Work Table 6. Chronology of Events on June 29,1999 BACK TO MAIN Results Page: 4 09' 5-0950 1100-1130 I 1130 1130-1200 1300 1330 1400 1410 1530-1630 1700 Conduct reconnaissance of the proposed quiet water site, no access was found to Crescent Lake. - Private citizens owned all property surrounding the water body. After consulting the map a body of water was chosen for the } the comer of Michigan Avenue and Mobile Highway. A call was placed to Bernard Dah1 of the Escambia County Utilities Authority- (.ECUA) to coordinate the collection of drinking water, waste water, and treated effluent. Receive call from Tom Porter of ECUA_, u-roceed to meet with him at ECUA offices located at 401 W. Government St. 1 I Following a discussion with Mr. Porter we were brought to the W St. I Avery St. pumping station. Following a brief tour and explanation of the station's operation, the drinking water intake and treated water samples were collected. Arrive at ECUA headquarters for the collection of We met with the shift supervisor who provided an -- The effluent samples were collected by submerging the bottles into the effluent stream. The sludge samples were collected using a spoon from the conveyer belt that transports the post centrifuged sludge to the incinerator. Collect Site 3 tap water. Collect Site 1 surface water and sediments at a boat ramp on southern end of Texar Bayou Collect Site 2 surface water and sediments from a right of way on the east side of Texar Bayou. Collect Site 3 surface water and sediments at the end of Hyde Park Road. Discover Peridido Landfill (County Landfill) located at 13009 Buelah Rd. Buelah is a town located northhorthwest of Pensacola. Follow Buelah Rd. past landfill and found small creek intersecting the road. Collect alternative leachate samples from this creek. The site was off the map. Arrive at hotel. Collect Site 1 tap water. Commence spiking of field spike samples. Ice samples for the evenine. 0800-1 100 Repack samples for shipping including the addition of fresh ice. Arrive at Federal Express and ship samples to there respective 1 equipment shipped to Battelle Duxbury Arrive at airport and depart foFBoston. Operations. ~ 4, RESULTS This survey, as part of the Multi-City Study, resulted in the collection of the majority of the samples described in Tables 3-5 of the QAPP. Tables 8 and 9 contain a description of all the samples collected during the survey. As a result of the quality assurance audit conducted during the initial survey several minor changes were required to the QAPP. These amendments to the document are located in Amendment 1 to Revision 1. The following sections describe the results of the sample collection effort that occurred during this survey. Final Field Rpt Mobile AL Pensacola FL.doc %&Baitelle AqRL . . . Pufting Technology To Work Matrix BACK TO MAIN Results Page: 5 Sample ID Volume Collected (L) I Location Collected Final Field Rpt Mobile AL Pensacola FL.doc -....-. Putting Technology To Work Matrix Sample ID Volume Collected (L) BACK TO MAIN Results Paee: 6 Location Collected Final Field Rpt Mobile AL Pensacola FL.doc %&Bafielle hg&L . . . Putting Technology To Work Matrix I SampleID I VolumeCollected (L) I BACK TO MAIN Results Page: 7 Location Collected Matrix Sample ID Volume Collected (L) Location Collected Final Field Rpt Mobile AL Pensacola FL.doc Baftelle q F A#& . . . Putting Technology To Work Matrix Sample ID Volume Collected (L) BACK TO MAIN Results Page: 8 Location Collected Final Field Rpt Mobile AL Pensacola FL.doc .. .. ~. Putting TechnologyTo Work 1 SampleID 1 VolumeCollected(L) 1 BACK TO MAIN Results Page: 9 Location Collected PFD Station #2 4.1 Sample Matrix Availability Per client instructions no food items were collected during survey. Due to scheduling and permit issues no finfish were collect during this survey. The collection of POTW influent did not occur at either Mobile or Pensacola due to health concerns. Both POTW influent streams available for sampling contained biological hazards. The staff at facilities in both cities indicated that the chlorination process occurs following secondary treatment. The collection of landfill leachate did not occur at either Mobile or Pensacola because permission was not granted in either city. In each city an alternative sample was taken from a stream or creek located close to the landfill. Final Field Rpt Mobile AL Pensacola FL.doc qflBallelle gk . . . Putting Technology To Work BACK TO MAIN Results Also collected, but not included in the QAPP, was a sample of quiethndisturbed surface water. This sample is intended for use in a long-term transport study that is currently being conducted. The sampling locations in both cities were altered from the original site due to a lack of access. In Mobile the area surrounding the suggested inlet was industrialized with no points of access. A barge construction company was approached for permitting access but the manager denied us because of our inability to disclose the nature of our sampling. In Pensacola private residences surrounded the initial sampling location. 4.2 Onsite Observations Mobile, AL: The POTW is located adjacent to a coal depot in a highly industrialized area along the river, they discharge -500- 1,000 feet offshore into the channel of the Mobile River. At surface water sites two and three, several people were fishing and crabbing. The drinking water plant sampled was the smaller of two plants maintained by the city. During peak production both plants can produce approximately 50 MGD. The reservoir that is used as the drinking water source is a spring fed, man made lake constructed in the 1950's. Alternative leachate site was collected at a creek located downslope from Schillenger Rd. landfill. A small bass was observed in the creek when we arrived. The air sampler at this site was positioned approximately 30 feet from the 2-story fire station (station #11) located at 1004 S. Broad St. The surface water collected at each of 3 sites located within the Mobile River in every case was collected within 2 m of shore in ca. 0.5 m depth. Re-suspended bottom sediments were avoided in each case. Pensacola, FL: An article in the local paper on the day we arrived described Texar Bayou as being heavily contaminated with heavy metals from two industrial sites and high levels of fecal coliform. At the drinking water pump station it was discovered that some of the city's wells are contaminated with volatile organic compounds. Those wells are fitted with charcoal filters to remove the compounds. The well sampled was not filtered. The POTW sludge is incinerated onsite at the Government St. facility. The air sampler in Pensacola was positioned approximately 4-5feet from the 2-story fire station (station #2) located at 4432 N. Davis Highway. The surface water collected at each of the 3 sites within the Texar Bayou was collected in each case within 2 m of shore in ca. 0.5 m depth. Re-suspended bottom sediments were avoided in each case. 4.3 Instrumentation Results Air samples were collected during the survey using a General Metals Model PS- 1 air sampler. According to SOP M3-MC-Fl .l, the air sampler calibration is acceptable if it is within 10% of the expected results. To determine the acceptable results a ca1ibratio:nwas conducted in Duxbury prior to the initiation of the study. The initial calibration curve resulted in a R2 value of 0.997. The calibration curves generated in Mobile and Pensacola had R2 values of 0.996 and 0.998 respectively. The percent difference in recorded values from the initial calibration ranged from 0.0% to -5.6% for Mobile and -3.9% to 5.1% for Pensacola. Final Field Rpt Mobile AL Pensacola FL.doc q,wBattelle h*b . . . Puffing Technology To Work BACK TO MAIN Results Site locations in Mobile, Alabama were determined using a handheld Garmin 12XL GPS. The accuracy of the GPS unit was verified prior to departing Duxbury by comparing a benchmark on Battelle property versus the location determined by the instrument. `Thedifference between the benchmark location and the GPS measurement was 30 meters. Following shipment to Alabama the instrument was reinitialized. This was conducted at the Coast Guard Station Mobile on June 23rd. The results of the verifications for each sampling day in Mobile are presented in Table 12. The result of the verification for Mobile is a difference of 20 meters on June 23 and 0 meters on June 24 between positions. The instrument was lost during shipment from Mobile to Pensacola, Florida and was not used during the Pensacola survey. According to the QAPP, the minimum distance between sediment sampling sites positions is 500 feet. The sampling locations for Mobile are presented in Table 10 with the following results calculated using the Garmin GPS. The distance from Mobile Site 1 to Site 2 is 1,267.2',the distance from Site 2 to Site 3 is 369.6' and the distance from Site 1 to Site 3 is 1,531.2'. The distance between Site 2 and Site 3 is less than the required 500 feet but will be accepted. The calculation of a linear distance using the GPS results in a distance of less than 500 feet although it should be noted for the record that the actual distance along the shore was well beyond this minimum distance. The samples were collected on both sides of a localized peninsula created by the bridge abutment. Table 11 provides the sampling locations for Pensacola FL. Although the GPS was lost an attempt was made to provide an accurate street address or location for each sampling site. The sediment collection sites at Texar Bayou were located at a minimum of 500-1,000 feet apart. Table 10. Sampling Site Positions in Mobile AL Sampling Location H.E. Meyers Water Filtration Facility Palmer Guillard Pumping Station Hampton Inn MFD Station #I 1 Hooters of Mobile Mobile River Site #1, east side Latitude N 30'43'20.0'' N 30'43'13.3" N 30'40'17.9'' N 30'39'58.7'' N 30'40'35.0'' N 30'43'57.4'' Mobile River Site #2, west side N 30'44'00.0" Mobile River Site #3, west side N 30'44'03.2" C.C. Williams WWTP Quiet Water I 3 Mile Creek Alternative Leachate I Halls Mill Creek N 30'39'37.6'' N 30O42'25.0" N 30'37'04.2'' Longitude W 88'03'23.1" W 88'07'08.5'' W 88'02'23.6`' W 88'02'37.6" W 88"02'40.0" W 88"02'10.7" W 88'03'31.8'' W 88'13'28.7'' ~~ ~ Final Field Rpt Mobile AL Pensacola FL.doc Battelle dQkF . .. Putting TechnologyTo Work BACK TO MAIN deviations and corrective actions Page: 12 Table 11. Sampling Site Positions in Pensacola FL Sampling Location Avery St. Pumping Station Ramada Inn PFD Station #2 Hooter of Pensacola Texar Bayou, Surface Water #1 Texar Bayou, Surface Water #2 Latitude Not Taken Not Taken Not Taken Not Taken Not Taken Not Taken ~~ Longitude Not Taken Not Taken Not Taken Not Taken Not Taken Not Taken Texar Bayou, Surface Water #3 ECUA Main Plant Alternative Leachate I Timber Creek Not Taken Not Taken Not Taken Not Taken Not Taken Not Taken Quiet Water, Michigan Ave. and Mobile Highway Not Taken Not Taken ~~ ~~ Address intersection Hyde Park Rd 401 W. Government St. Buelah Rd. Buelah FL, north of Perdido Landfill Intersection of Michigan Ave. and Mobile Highway Table 12. GPS Position Verification Results Calibration Locations USCG at Mobile GPS Derived Position Difference Mobile AL 6/23/99 N 30'39'00.9" I W 88'03'35.2'' N 30'39'00.3" I W 88'03'35.3'' 0.02 kilometers - bearing 0' Mobile AL 6/24/99 N 30'39'00.9'' I W 88'03'35.2" N 30'39'01.0'' I W 88'03'35.2" 0.0 kilometers - bearing 0' 5. DEVIATIONS AND CORRECTIVE ACTIONS The following QAPP deviations were notedexperienced during the collection of samples from Mobile AL and Pensacola FL: The collection of effluent samples in Pensacola required the use (ofa plastic jug that the POTW had on site. This jug was rinsed with the effluent prior to collection but no verification of its pre-collection condition could be ascertained. `Toavoid the future use of local sampling equipment while collecting samples from the flumes of the POTW's a telescoping pole will be purchased that will allow for the direct placement of the sampling containers into the sample stream. Due to the loss of the cooler containing the sampling supplies, the collection of sediments in Pensacola were conducted by directly submerging the sample container into the sediment and collecting the sample. "Cake" sludge was collected using a stainless steel spoon provided by Escambia County Utilities Authority (ECUA) personnel. This spoon is what UCUA personnel use during their regular sludge sample collection. The spoon was not cleaned with methanol prior to use. . ~~~ Final Field Rpt Mobile AL Pensacola FL.doc qRBattelle hqk . . . Putting Terhnology To Work BACK TO MAIN deviations and corrective actions Page: 13 Also due to the loss of the sampling equipment, no GPS readings were taken in Pensacola. To avoid this situation in the future the unit will be carried personally by a member of the field team to the city being sampled. Per client instructions no food items were collected during survey. The collection of POTW influent did not occur at either Mobile or Pensacola due to health concerns. Both POTW influent streams available for sampling contained biological hazards. The collection of landfill leachate did not occur at either Mobile or Pensacola because permission was not granted in either city. In each city an alternative sample was taken from a stream or creek located close to the landfill. The QA Project Plan Section 7.3.5.states that "whole (bulk) water will be collected from three sites within a surface water source of drinking water, and at the water treatment plant influent and outflow.. . If the drinking water source is groundwater then the surface water samples will be collected from any selected lake, pond, or river.. .". In Mobile, erroneous information led the field crew to collect from surface waters not used for drinking water.. In Pensacola, drinking water is pumped from groundwater and so the surface water collected does not relate to drinking water supplies. Sampling specifics follow: In Mobile surface water and sediments were collected from the Mobile River. When samples were collected at the drinking water treatment plant it was discovered that the source was not in fact the Mobile River but rather the spring-fed, man-made, Big Creek Reservoir. Samples were not collected from the Big Creek Reservoir. As an added note, the Mobile River samples were later identified to be brackish (slightly saline) indicating that they were collected in a region of the river/estuary system that is tidally (seawater) influenced. The sampling task leader was notified of this issue. 0 Pensacola surface water and sediment samples were collected from the Texar Bayou. Due to Pensacola's dependence on ground water for drinking water, the Bayou was chosen as the surface water and sediment sampling site. This was also brackish water (influenced by/mixed with seawater). While not specified in the QAPP, quiethndisturbed surface water wits also collected. It is the field crews' understanding that this sample is intended for possible use as an indicator of longrange transport. The sampling locations in both cities were altered from the original site due to a lack of access. In Mobile, the area surrounding the suggested inlet was industrialized with no points of access. A barge construction company was approached for permitting access but the manager denied us because of our inability to disclose the nature of our sampling. In Pensacola, private residences surrounded the initial sampling location. Final Field Rpt Mobile AL,Pensacola FL.doc Battelle AWW& . . . Putting Technology To Work