Document 3j6K7Gjwb4q4ej60KK50mRBD
FPP4EU Compilation o
PFAS Use Gaps*
Intermediates
PCTFE (Fluoropolymer PolyChloroTriFluoroEthylene, CAS 900283-9 use in pharma packaging
PFAS-based solvent are used in automotive electronics to coat the
printed circuit boards and LED lighting for moisture and corrosion protection.
Fluids can also be used as carrier
solvents for anti-fingerprint or antismudge coating materials for automotive display surface coatings. The following substance should be added as a coating for corrosion protection: CAS # 756-13-8. Perfume dip tubes Solar Radiative Film uses PVDF (CAS# 24937-79-9)
PFAS use in food contact materials in household
appliances
All manufacturing processes depending on Fluoropolymer Pressure Piping Systems properties are missing
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Use of fluoropolymers (PVDF) as
filtration elements
Fluoroalkyl-Silanes in anti-stick coatings
Fluor polymer coating for machinery and drive technology for use in e.g. food industry, pharma industry, cosmetics industry Sealings of electric, electronic and mechanic equipment (other than that of lelectronic components already mentioned in the electronics' report summary) Fluoropolymer use in the aerospace & defence industry
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Fluoropolymer use in the chemical industry
Nano-coating of solder paste printing
stencils
High Voltage DC Converter Valves
Fluoropolymers as fillers in other polymers for lubrication and wear prevention in all kind of equipment with moving parts
PFHXA related substances and
fluoropolymers in inks and toners and in coatings Fluoroelastomers for tubing, sealing and other flexible parts that come into contact with ink in printers Equipment & Infrastructure - fluid handling systems, process vessels, pipes land fittings, tubing, valves and pumps, storage and transport containers, filters
& sensors
PTFE and other fluoropolymers in printed
boards
PFAS use in coatings
PFAS used in Lubricants
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Technical textiles for NVH insultation in
compressors for industrial machinery applications (large scale industrial tools and large-scale fixed installations as
defined in Directive 2011/65/EU)******
PFAS use in process technology and process engineering equipment
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Filtration (HVAC, gas turbines, air pollution control systems, fuel filtration, hydraulic filtration, acoustic filtration) media**. Separation media (liquid/liquid
or air/liquid separation applicatio*n*s*),
PFAS use in Organic Rankine Cycle systems
PFAS used in Electronics & energy
Some F-Gas PFAS use in instruments sleeve
PFAS use in In vitro Diagnostic Assays
Silicone rubber compound containing PTFE (CAS# 9002-84-0) is used in molding and extruding cable accessories
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PFAS used in TULAC (Textiles, Upholstery, Leather, Apparel and Carpets):
Specific medical devices: respiratory equipment, wound dressing and packaging of terminally sterilised medical devices. Single-use detergent-proof washbowls (not covered under the Medical Device Regulation). Laboratory and research equipment (not covered under the Medical Device Regulation).
PFAS are uses as propellant for Adrox AV
spray cans
PFAS used in Transportation, including military platforms/vehicles:
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Foaming agent in foamed (cellular) light weight concrete. PFAS used in metal plating and manufacturing of metal products
PFAS use in Env. Monitoring/Air Sampling
PFAS use in general mechanical and plant engineering (for example - Agriculture machinery ~ Air-handling technology - Cleaning systems - Compressors and vacuum technology - Engines and systems (not only for transportation sector) - Food processing and packaging machinery
- Lifts and escalators - Machine tools
- Material handling and intralogistics - Measuring and testing technology - Metallurgy - Mining - Plastics and rubber machinery - Power transmission engineering (not only for energy sector)
- Precision tools
- Pumps and systems
- Robots and robotics
- Textile machinery)
PFAS use in O-rings Specific coatings for electronic devices: conformal coating, anti-solder coating. Printing applications
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Technical textiles for NVH (noise, vibration, and harshness) insulation in means of transport****_ Technical textiles for engine ignition protection
and NVH insultation in non-road mobile
machinery (as defined in Regulation
2016/162x 82%),
PFAS used in Defence
PFAS use in optical equipment
PFAS use in cryogenic storage tanks Cable glands
Electronics PFAS use in lasers
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PFAS use in chlor-alkali production (chlorine and sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide) and HCI electrolysis (Hydraulic) hoses PFAS use in laboratory equipment
PFAS use in special purpose lamps and lamp systems
Energy
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PFAS use in instruments and reagent products
Solid Waste Treatment
PFAS use in chlor-alkali production (chlorine and sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide) and HCI electrolysis PFAS use in analytical equipment
Heat transfer fluid for vapor phase soldering Friction linings of industrial brakes PFAS use in chlor-alkali production (chlorine and sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide) and HCI electrolysis PFAS use in chlor-alkali production (chlorine and sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide ) or in HCI electrolysis
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PFAS use in gas cylinders PFAS use in vision equipment
Guide elements for moving (gliding, sliding) parts like pistons Fluoroplastics in general
Transportation Coatings
Device production Filter membrane production
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Filtration and separation media
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Eyeglasses (consumer)
In the use categories "F-gases", "Electronics & Energy" and "Transportation" the use of fluoroketone is missing as a clean agent fire suppression fluid (e.g. CAS # 756-13-8).
Several PFAS uses in Personal Protective
Equipment are missing from the studies, including: fall protection harness, hear protection units, protective coveralls, high performance filtration applications, valves, washers, o-rings and electrical components with coated wires, used in multiple personal safety products.
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In the use category "Medical devices", the use of cooling liquids is mentioned, but the products with following CAS numbers are missing: CAS # 297730-93-
9 and CAS # 1064698-37-8.
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Fluoropolymer use in the chemical industry
The following substances should be
ladded under Data Centres -- immersion
cooling of semi devices/servers: CAS# 382-28-5, CAS# 338-83-0, CAS #1064698
37-8, CASH 382-28-5, CAS# 375-03-1,
CAS# 163702-08-7/163702-07-6 and
ICAS# 756-13-8.
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Fluoropolymer as a polymer additive during polyethylene manufacture
In the use category "Construction", the
use of foam blowing additives in the
production of energy efficient building
material should be added (e.g. CAS #3709-71-5).
In the use category "Electronics & Energy"and "F-gases", the electrical
equipment application is mentioned, but
the use of alternatives to sulfur
hexafluoride (SF6) in electrical switchgear, gas insulated lines and other gas-insulated equipment is missing. It is important to note the use of fluorinated ketone (CAS # 756-12-7) and fluorinated nitrile (CAS # 42532-60-5) as alternatives to sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) in this application.
Use of fluoropolymers (PVDF) as
filtration elements
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Fluoropolymer use in the aerospace & defence industry
PFAS use in 3-D Printing equipment PTFE Wax in coatings Fluoropolymers based coatings use in
metal roofing/ panels
Medium & High Voltage Switchgear Power Transmission Technologies
Chemical Production
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Flurosurfactants in coatings
PFAS use in Hard Disk Drives (HDD)
PFAS use sealants for aerospace industry PFAS use in ophthalmic intra-ocular The following substances should be
added under Heat transfer fluids: CASH
63702-06-5/163702-05-4, CAS# 95720918-6), CAS # 338-83-0 and CAS# 756-13-
8.
Window films are missing from the current report.
PFAS use in ophthalmic solutions
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PFAS use in Gasket & Seal Manufacturing Industry
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PFPE (CAS# 69991-67-9) lubricant is used
on silicone cable accessories
The following substances should be
ladded as solvents for lubricants: CAS#
375-03-1, CAS# 163702-08-7/163702-076, CAS# 63702-06-5/163702-05-4.
PFAS-based heat transfer fluids in
immersion cooling applications in fautomotive electronics applications (e.g. inverters, Electronic Control Unit (ECUs), on-board chargers, traction motors). The following substances should be added as
heat transfer fluids for power
electronics cooling: CAS# 163702-087/163702-07-6, CASH 132182-92-4, CASH
297730-93-9, CASH 756-13-8, CAS# 1093615-61-2, CAS# 1064697-81-9.
Architectural Panel Tapes
The following substances should be added as testing fluids: CAS# 382-28-5,
CAS# 382-28-5, CAS# 382-28-5.
The following substances should be added under Solvent/Solvent Cleaning of Electronics Components: CAS# 16370208-7/163702-07-6, CASH 163702-087/163702-07-6), CAS # 132182-92-4.
The following product listed in F-Gas
Annex| is missing: CAS# 1064697-81-9.
This product is typically used as a heat transfer agent. Other products used as heat transfer agents are: CAS# 338-83-0, ICAS# 1064698-37-8, CAS# 1093615-61-2.
The application of cover gas is detailed, however, the use of fluoroketone is missing as a cover gas, specifically CAS #
756-13-8.
Heat shrink tubing with PVDF (CASH
24937-79-9)
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The following substances should be added as cleaning fluids: CASH 16370208-7/163702-07-6 and Novec 71DE fluid (azeotropic blend of t-DCE with Novec 7100 fluid (CAS# 163702-08-7/16370207-6), Novec 71IPA fluid (azeotropic blend of Isopropanol and Novec 7100 fluid (CAS# 163702-08-7/163702-07-6), Novec 72DE fluid (azeotropic blend of tDCE with Novec 7100 fluid (CAS# 163702 08-7/163702-07-6) and Novec 7200 fluid (CAS# 63702-06-5/163702-05-4), and Novec 73DE fluid (an azeotropic blend of t-DCE and Novec 7300 fluid (CAS # 132182-92-4)).
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Description of specific PFAS use / benefits*
4,4'-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethylidene]: diphthalicanhydride (EC number: 214-170-0)Raw materials for liquid crystal polymers polyimide Raw materials in gas separation 2,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoropropanol (EC number: 207-012-7): Surfactant of the production of fluoropolymers 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropan-1-ol (EC number: 200-955-5) 1H,1H,7H-Dodecafluoro-1-heptanol (EC number: 206-406-6) HFIP (EC number: 213-059-4) HFP (EC number 116-15-4) Production of perfluorooctan C3VE (EC number: 216-600-2)
High-performance moisture barrier. Use of PCTFE in packaging for medicinal preparations, medical devices and molecular diagnostics
PFAS-based solvents are used in automotive electronics to coat the
printed circuit boards and LED lighting for moisture and corrosion protection. They are also used for anti-fingerprint or anti-smudge coating materials for automotive display surface coatings.
Unique optical properties, chemical resistance to the ingredients of perfumes, very high cleanliness, no extractable into the liquid
Use of PFAS in form of polymers
(e.g. PTFE, FEP, PFA, PVDF, FKM)
for tubes and seals for the transport
of fluids (e.g. water, milk, coffee, steam) because these materials
combine heat resistance, pressure resistance and chemical resistance
(important e.g. for the use of descaling agents) and internationally comply with food contact laws
Resistance against very aggressive chemicals at elevated temperatures makes FP-based Pressure Piping Systems unique
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In the last 20 years, microfiltration ("MF") and ultrafiltration ("UF") have become ubiquitous in drinking water production and wastewater treatment all over the world due to their ability to remove harmful pathogens at >99.999%. Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF, CAS 24937-79-9) stands out as the clear preferred material for filtration elements due to several key features: a) this high purity plastic material meets the already stringent, and still evolving regulatory requirements for products used in drinking water production; b) it is resistant to a broad range of chemicals including solvents and more importantly in the water industry, to acids, bases and oxidants and c) it can be made into a hydrophilic material with improved long-term resistance to fouling. In conclusion, water and wastewater treatment need the kind of stability and long life that PVDF provides to make MF and UF and their undeniable public health benefits accessible to utilities around
the world.
PFAS are used as anti stick coatings in MEMS application to achieve reliable functionality and up to now it was impossible to substitute these by other materials. Additionally PFAS anti stick coatings are necessary other technical or production equipment like stencils for electronic board production with high packaging density.
Anti-corrosion protection, protection against aggressive cleaning agents, disinfection, acids and alkaline, high-pressure cleaning etc.
e.g. made of FKM, FPM, PTFE and/or coated with PTFE
Fluoropolymers containing products are also used in the aerospace industry which includes e.g. civil and military aviation, defence and satellite systems. Those materials are used as wear and friction components in jet turbine engines for commercial and military aircraft. Such components are vane bushings, spacers, clamps, wear channels, and wear strips. The high temperature capability of these materials provides significant weight reduction in areas of the engine where metal components were once used allowing the engine to burn less fuel. The self- lubricating properties of parts made from this material technology provide improved wear and durability and low friction extending the maintenance cycles and improve safety performance. Fluoroelastomers are used in seal applications to contain fluids in critical aerospace systems which require superior chemical resistance and a wide temperature service range when compared to other
available elastomeric seal materials.
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Fluoropolymer use in the chemical industry is not addressed at all in the summary reports or listed as a specific use category. In both the chemical industry and the petroleum/gas/mining industries, fluoroelastomers are, for example, used in seals and O-rings. Fluoroelastomers (such as FKM and FFKM) increase seal performance and reduce maintenance in extreme chemical and temperature environments. The seal is oftentimes the key failure point and is thus critical to overall equipment performance and to ensure safe operation. Key applications in chemical processing and the oil and gas industry are e.g. oil and gas downhole tools, valves, compressors, and
pumps.
Necessary to achieve acceptable solder release in stencil printing, e.g.
for electric boards with components of very different sizes
HVDC converter valves convert electric power from high voltage lalternating current (AC) to high-voltage direct current (HVDC), or vice versa. Fluoropolymers (PTFE & PVDF & FEP/FKM) parts are widely used due to their physical and chemical properties. The 40+ year operation cycles under demanding environmental conditions (very high and low temperatures, high voltage currents) require non-
conductive but also chemically stable materials for joints, coolant
hoses, cables and many more parts that have proven this stability in the past 60-80 years of application.
Low friction
Low surface tension
Chemical resistance
Chemical resistance
Temperature resistance, low signal loss, dielectric constant, heat conductivity. Dry film lubricants, hard coats on aluminium and various coatings (PTFE coatings, ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymers) PFAS-containing lubricants are used to lubricate bearings, moving parts and mechanical devices in aerospace and defence products. PFAS-containing lubricants are used in engines and gearboxes fitted to aerospace and defence products. PFAS-containing hydraulic fluids are used in hydraulic systems and/or actuators fitted to aerospace and defence products
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Fluorotelomers
PFAS are used in:
- Agitated vessels
- Bellows
- Complete linings for process equipment - Discharge pipes - Fittings
- Membranes for filtration
- Pipes - Protective rings for manholes - Pumps
- Seals
~ Spray pipes and spray lances for cleaning apparatus
- Stirrers
- Tanks/Containers - valves / ball valves - Wiper arms
PFAS have in process engineering benefits like:
- Chemical resistant
- Fabric repellent (e.g. to oil, water, dirt, etc.) - Good sliding properties - Inert / prevents flavour carry-over - Sterilisable for hygiene requirements - Suitable for contact with food and drinking water - Temperature resistant - Wear-resistant / Durability
Fluorotelomers
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The high temperature steam Rankine cycle is widely used in the power generation industry, using high temperature waste heat sources and at these temperatures steam is an efficient working fluid and is stable. The use of organic compounds in the Organic Rankine Cycle enables the cost-effective extraction of energy from lower temperature heat sources (typically in the range 80C to 200C). Compared to steam, suitable working fluids for the Organic Rankine Cycle have high molecular weights and low boiling points. These fluids enable the extraction of energy from low temperature waste heat sources using less costly simpler design systems. The conversion rate from thermal to electrical power varies depending on the choice of the best working fluid for the waste stream, the selection and optimization of the best plant layout and components, and the effects of fluid properties on expander efficiency, but typically is between 10% and 15%, including the electrical power required to drive fans and pumps in the system[1].
[1] UNEP 2014 Report of the Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee 2014 Assessment Report page
105
Cable insulation, particularly in high performance co-axial cables or cables where reliable, high-volume data transmission is essential.
Printed circuit boards and assemblies.
Gaskets and moulded products such as fluorocarbon O-rings used to seal casings for electronic assemblies within commercial aircraft and fall types of military platforms. High Temperature Film Capacitors. Electronic displays and touch screens. Lithium (Li) ion Batteries. Polymer electrolyte membrane in Hydrogen fuel cells for range
extension in electric aircraft.
F-Gas is used for cooling high-output electrical and electronic equipment in military platforms. Halons are used for fire suppression in civil and military aircraft, however efforts are being made to phase them out. Most Halon 1301 alternatives (HFC-125, 2-BTP, NOVEC 1230, CF3i) and all Halon1211 alternatives (2-BTP and HFC-236) are PFAS. Fluorinated solvents are used as cleaning agents for hydrogen tanks
PTFE Instruments sleeve, chemically and thermally stable PFAS are present in IVD assays allowing to detect disease, conditions
and infections.
The intrinsic PFAS are being sought: Used to cause a large decrease in the surface tension of the solutions during manufacturing allowing to successfully create coated layers of our assays.
We use less than 10kg/year.
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fois is ircraft
present in seating textiles and in military platforms.
/
carpets
used
in
commercial
PFAS is present in clothing and equipment used by military personnel
in hostile environments. Military personnel includes those operating
in airborne, maritime and ground-based forces. Examples include
and are not limited to: anti-g suits worn by military jet fighter pilots,
other aircrew clothing, protective clothing, parachutes and drogues.
PFAS is present in drogues towed behind military platforms.
PFAS is present in fire/oil resistant acoustic insulation in military
platforms.
Fluorotelomers
PFAS propellant is inflammable (Airbus Requirement)
Where military platforms/vehicles are similar to the transportation vehicles used by civilians, ASD has included missing PFAS uses here under `Transportation'. Military platforms/vehicles include: Military aircraft, including fast jets, training aircraft, large transports and helicopters. Naval vessels: surface ships - including aircraft carriers - and
submarines.
Land vehicles, such as tanks, weapons launchers and transportation vehicles for military personnel and munitions
Hydrogen is essential to achieving net zero CO2 emissions in the
aerospace sector as follows:
Commercial aircraft used on medium-range flights will be powered by direct combustion of hydrogen. Fluoropolymers are integral to the functioning of electrolysers, which in turn enable the
transformation of renewable energy such as wind power into green
hydrogen. Electrically powered small aircraft on short-range flights will carry hydrogen fuel cells which generate on-board electricity from hydrogen. Fluoropolymers are indispensable to the electrochemical reaction which turns hydrogen and oxygen into electricity . Hydrogen fuel cells are composed of an anode and a cathode separated by a proton exchange membrane (PEM). The hydrogen molecules separate into protons and electrons at the anode and the PEM relies on fluoropolymers to allow the protons to permeate through to the cathode. The electrons cannot permeate the membrane and are forced to travel through an external circuit generating an electrical
current.
Hydrogen fuel cells may be used in hybrid-electric configurations on larger, medium range aircraft.
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Fluorotelomers
PTFE and PDVF tank liners are used for Hydrofluoric acid processes to lensure safety by protecting tanks against corrosion. PTFE is used for seals on transfer pumps and pipes used in chemical
process lines.
PFAS-containing anti-corrosion liquids are used to prevent corrosion of metal parts (not just steel).
PTFE Membrane Filters:
Used when conducting gravimetric, chemical, &.or microscopic analysis of particulates.
Resistant to corrosives & solvents
Temperature resistant to 260C The material is hydrophobic making it ideal for Aerosol sampling
PFAS are uses in several components that are covered by the use categories of product categories: - Food contact materials & packaging - Construction products
- Medical devices
- Metal plating & manufacturing of metal products
- TULAC
- F-gases
~ Electronics & energy
- Transportation
PFAS have in mechanical engineering benefits like:
- Abrasion resistant ~ Chemical resistant
- Fabric repellent (e.g. to oil, water, dirt, etc.) ~ Gas tightness in vacuum - Good dielectric properties - Good sliding properties - Inert / prevents flavour carry-over
~ Low frictional resistance ~ Mechanical resilience - Pressure resistant
- Sterilisable for hygiene requirements - Suitable for contact with food and drinking water - Temperature resistant - Wear-resistant / Durability
for chemically stable sealing on a variety of medical instruments
Fluorotelomers
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Fluorotelomers
Fluoropolymers are essential to the manufacture and functionality of high-performance outer surfaces on current and future Defence Platforms in the Air, Naval and Land environments. These surfaces are multifunctional, however their functionality cannot be disclosed
as this is classified information.
Fluoropolymers are used to manufacture pyrotechnic flares used as
countermeasures for aircraft. Resins used in munitions manufacture contains PFAS.
Low Friction Polymers in optical instruments: Non-reactive/ inert/
chemically stable, low friction/low surface energy, thermally
resistant.
Lubricant: Non-reactive / inert/ chemically stable, low friction/low
surface energy, thermally resistant. Lubricants on the fittings of the tanks: sealing material must be
resistant e.g. made of PVDF
In the Electronics sector, fluoropolymers are used for wire and cable insulation due to their very low diaelectric constant, strength, flexibility, temperature stability, UV resistance, and low particulation. This allows cables that use fluoropolymers to achieve unmatched performance In highly demanding applications such as aerospace, test & measurement, clean room production, extreme environments and high speed data transmission. ~ Additionally, In semiconductor manufacturing, fluoropolymer filters are used to process the aggressive chemicals needed to processes like chemical etching and photolithography. - fluoropolymers are also used as component In electronic devices beyond semiconductors themselves. They are used for thermal and electrical insulation gaskets.
fluoropolymer vents are used In a wide variety of electronic components ranging from computers, mobile phones and smart
watches to telecommunications infrastructure such as base stations.
fluoropolymers are necessary to create durable, breathable barriers which prevent water entry and resist chemical, thermal and ultraviolet degradation
Wire and heat shrink: Ultra-low temperature resistant electrical
insulation (-1360C); Thermally stable electrical isolation (high energy) Dust filter: Chemically inert Foil / tape: Sealing, hydrophobic compounds
Tubing/ hosing: Functional thermal stability for thermoregulation
tasks from -125 to +425C
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ability
e.g. made of PTFE-FEP Cable insulation: Extreme Chemical resistance to aggressive
chemicals; does not interact with the reagents or biological cultures, or pharmaceuticals. Coating of device surfaces: Extreme Chemical resistance to aggressive chemicals; does not interact with the reagents or biological cultures, or pharmaceuticals. Stirring bar in laboratory mixing equipment: Extreme Chemical resistance to aggressive chemicals; does not interact with the reagents or biological cultures, or pharmaceuticals. Tip fitting: Reduction of leading force, low surface energy, low friction Diaphragm pump: Hydrophobic, oleophobic, low friction, low surface energy, inert, chemically stable, dimensionally stable Sensors (e.g. temperature control): Thermally stable electrical isolation (high energy)
Tubing/ hosing: Friction reduction: very low surface energy,
biologically inert substance, chemically stable
Gaskets & Seals / O-rings: Resistance against UV radiation
PTFE filters are used throughout the energy sector to improve performance and reduce environmental emissions. Turbine filters are used to improve the efficiency and reduce downtime of natural igas turbines. Mercury filters are used at coal based power plants to remove mercury from exhaust gases. PTFE filter bags, including some with catalytic functionality, are used to reduce particulate and chemical emissions from waste-to-energy plants. - Fluoropolymers are used to enable electronic components used for oil & gas exploration such wire and capacitors for downhole well applications. All of these applications require materials that can withstand harsh chemical and temperatures while remaining strong and air permeable.
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PFAS material is contained in various fittings such as O-rings, seals, tubing, and bottle caps. PTFE filters are used during production processes. PTFE membranes are in products for their favourable gas exchange properties. PTFE-coated O-rings are used in some valves due to their nonsticky/lubricant properties. The material PFAS is also in components that are part of the reagents portfolio, including the primary packaging for advanced staining reagent dispensers and special stains reagents. PFAS trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and hexafluoroisopropanol are also present in applications. TFA is used in analytical and production processes. TFA is used in HPLC applications as an additive to the mobile phase. There are also many ingredients that are used as TFA salt. Some products in development are using PFAS substances but as of today, they are not on-market kits.
Fluoropolymers are used for the transformation of non-hazardous organic residues from households, industrial or agricultural generators into products which close the natural cycle to return valuable nutrients to soils contributing to soil health sustainably while supporting the carbon capture in the ground, addressing global challenges like climate change and food security.
In fluoropolymer components of gaskets, valves and pipework to transport chlor-alkali products. Used for durability and safety in the carriage of corrosive products.
Gaskets & Seals / O-rings: Functional thermal stability for thermoregulation tasks from -125 to +425C, dimensionally stable, chemical, physical, mechanical resistance Connectors: Non-reactive inert chemically stable flexible thermally
resistant
Bearings: Non-reactive / inert/ chemically stable, low friction/low
surface energy, thermally resistant
Made of PFPE
Containing a small amount of PTFE in order to enable a good friction value also for high temperatures In fluorinated refrigerant gases to improve energy efficiency in the purification of the chlorine gas
In fluoropolymer components of membranes/ diaphragms to separate chlorine/ hydrogen and sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide or in case of HCI electrolysis the chlorine from the hydrogen or oxygen. Improves resistance against the chemical solutions in the electrochemical cells, improves energy efficiency and improves safety as prevents explosive reactions occurring. Alternative mercury and asbestos technologies are prohibited under
EU law.
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Sealing of valves of the bottles: sealing material must be resistant Coating for ophthalmic lenses: easy to clean, hydrophobic, oleophobic and scratch resistant. Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lenses: better wetting characteristics; reduction of protein deposition and improvement of oxygen
transmission
Manufacture of contact lenses: High chemical resistance; biologically and chemically inert material, monomer compatible
e.g. made of composite material containing PTFE
Used for anticorrosion linings in tanks , heat exchangers, pumps, filters, diaphragms, towers: combination of chem and heat resistance Heat resistance up to 300 deg C Non-stick and non wetting performance
fluoropolymers are necessary for additional applications In aerospace
that require temperature and chemical resistance, thermal stability
and high strength. such applications include insulation for cables or
-- asket materials used In aircraft, spacecraft to extreme conditions and require
and satellites which are
exceptional reliability.
- Many components and systems In automobiles require protective
vents made from fluoropolymers. These vents are used to seal
critical systems like headlamps, drive trains, or batteries from dirt,
oils and water while allowing gases to pass through for safe, reliable
performance.
Coating on certain equipment, such as valves and piping, used in a wide variety of manufacturing processes. Merck use such equipment internally and also manufacture highquality valves with PTFE coatings. Benefits of PFAS are the chemical stability
Gaskets and sealing devices Benefits of PFAS use: Chemical stability and oil/water repellence Membranes are used in the discovery, development, and production of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical medications and therapies. These membranes are precisely manufactured to create a specific pore structure that is ideal for the sterilization and purification of parenteral drugs. The membranes are also used in a large number of testing and laboratory applications related to scientific research and development. The benefits are the durability, chemical stability as well as the oil and water repellent properties
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IC6 SFP: C6 repellents are applied on the interlaced points of fabrics. Not necessary to fully coat the points textile/non-wovens: water repellence, oil and grease repellence, alcohol/soil resistance SFP for filtration: treat filters in labs, hospitals, clean rooms (semicon), absorb moisture PTFE: prevent emissions in the chemical and power sectors. Impregnations of yarns, glass, cloth, filter bags, flexible ductwork
Use of PFAS in equipment and supplies used to manufacture pharmaceutical products. Processes to make pharmaceuticals require a high degree of cleanliness, purity, chemical stability and thermal resistance necessitating the use of fluoropolymers. They are commonly used in a variety of containers, tubing, filters and other processing equipment Easy to clean top coat on eye glasses Less fingerprint adhesion on the lenses due to very easy cleanability Properties are important for the weather in the daily traffic Very thin surface, low material consumption
A fluoroketone fire suppression agent (CAS #756-13-8 with GWP<1) is used to suppress fires in enclosures that house high-value electronics or other assets that would be damaged by water sprinkler suppression systems. Common applications include electrical control rooms or underground substations, data centres, telecommunications switch rooms, computer control rooms, airport control towers, clean rooms, and computer-controlled manufacturing operations as well as in archives and museums with paper archives, historical documents, priceless works of art and antiquities where other fire protection fluids cannot be used. The fluoroketone fire suppression systems are also used in marine vessels. This material is a replacement for ozone depleting substances and compounds with high global warming potential (GWP) including halons and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). This product is a very low GWP (<1.0) clean extinguishing fire protection fluid. Non-PFAS fire protection agents can cause corrosion, can damage equipment or valuable lartefacts, can be electrically conductive, are slower drying, can leave a residue, may have higher toxicity, may require high operating pressures, and may result in higher maintenance costs.
Use of PFAS is essential for achieving the required performance of the mentioned personal protective equipment products.
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The mentioned (CAS #) PFAS products are used in many critical lapplications. They are used for cleaning of medical devices as cleaning solvents in vapor degreasing applications. In "neat" form, a fluid can be used for light duty cleaning, tube swelling and deposition. Azeotropic blends of PFAS substances with other chemicals offer higher solvency for more difficult cleaning. Cleaning applications include metal and plastic parts, such as orthopedic, dental and spinal implants, artificial hearts, heart valves, catheters, needles and stents. These fluids can also be used as rinsing agents. They can be used as solvents for deposition coatings for metal, plastic and elastomeric medical devices. Specific deposition applications include medical electronics, lancets, surgical and cutting blades, filters and PVCs tubing. One of the mentioned products, segregated hydrofluoroethers (HFEs), can also be used as reaction media or inert media and in microfluidics applications for medical testing lapplications.
These fluids are used as heat transfer agents in medical equipment (e.g. surgical lasers) and laboratory diagnostic devices and in freeze drying applications in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. Another one is also used as heat transfer in laboratory diagnostic devices.
They are used for industrial use only and are not intended for use in a medical device or drug. When the product is used for applications where the finished device is implanted into the human body, no residual solvent may remain on the parts. These products are not intended for incorporation in medical and pharmaceutical products and applications in which the product will be temporarily or permanently implanted into humans or animals.
Fluoropolymer use in the chemical industry is not addressed at all in the summary reports or listed as a specific use category. In both the chemical industry and the petroleum/gas/mining industries, fluoroelastomers are, for example, used in seals and O-rings. Fluoroelastomers (such as FKM and FFKM) increase seal performance
and reduce maintenance in extreme chemical and temperature nvironments. The seal is often the key point of failure and is
herefore critical to the overall equipment performance and to nsure safe operation. Key applications in chemical processing and he oil and gas industry are, for example, downhole tools, valves,
ompressors, and pumps.
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Fluorochemical heat transfer fluids can be used for liquid immersion ooling applications in data centres. Immersion cooling is a method or cooling data centre IT hardware by directly immersing the hardware in a non-conductive liquid. Heat generated by the lectronic components is directly and efficiently transferred to the luid. This reduces the need for interface materials, heat sinks, fans, hrouds, sheet metal and other components that are common in raditional cooling methods. Immersion cooling with these fluids ffers many benefits compared to traditional air cooling, including increased thermal efficiency (i.e., lower power usage effectiveness or PUE) and increased performance and reliability of data centres. Immersion cooling also eliminates the need for complex airflow management. Optimized immersion-cooled data centres can lead to reductions in capital and operating expenses, as well as a reduction in onstruction time and complexity. The increased compute density rom immersion cooling allows for more flexible data centre layouts
nd removes barriers to data centre location choices such as areas
with high real estate costs or space limitations. Finally, immersion cooling with these fluids can help eliminate the trade-off between water usage, energy efficiency and cost by eliminating the need for chillers with economizers and complex controls used in air cooling. This helps eliminate the use of water needed to cool the data centre by, instead, utilizing natural water temperatures in many climates to allow for full capacity cooling without evaporation infrastructure.
Fluoropolymers are used in low concentrations as polymer additives during the polyethylene production process, as an essential component to eliminate melt fracture, aid extrusion and reduce operational temperature requirements, for the production of high performance polyethylene with superior properties. This specific use is different from the use of fluoropolymer polymer processing aids (PPAS).
In building materials, a PFAS-based foam additive (CAS# 3709-71-5) is used as a foam insulation additive due to its effectiveness in reducing the foam cell size and thus the thermal conductivity of polyurethane land other rigid foam formulations. It is used in the production of rigid insulation polyurethane foam products to meet the latest EU thermal conductivity specifications (e.g., DIN EN 13165). Typical usage rate for this product is as low as 0.5% of the total foam weight and this product is used in a closed manufacturing process. The foam additive is incorporated into the final foam product.
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Fluorochemical heat transfer fluids can be used for liquid immersion ooling applications in data centers. Immersion cooling is a method or cooling data center IT hardware by directly immersing the hardware in a non-conductive liquid. Heat generated by the lectronic components is directly and efficiently transferred to the luid. This reduces the need for interface materials, heat sinks, fans, hrouds, sheet metal and other components that are common in raditional cooling methods. Immersion cooling with these fluids ffers many benefits compared to traditional air cooling, including increased thermal efficiency (i.e., lower power usage effectiveness or PUE) and increased performance and reliability of data centers. Immersion cooling also eliminates the need for complex airflow management. Optimized immersion-cooled data centers can lead to reductions in capital and operating expenses, as well as a reduction in onstruction time and complexity. The increased compute density rom immersion cooling allows for more flexible data center layouts
nd removes barriers to data center location choices such as areas
with high real estate costs or space limitations. Finally, immersion cooling with these fluids can help eliminate the tradeoff between water usage, energy efficiency and cost by eliminating the need for chillers with economizers and complex controls used in air cooling. This helps eliminate the use of water needed to cool the data center by, instead, utilizing natural water temperatures in many climates to allow for full capacity cooling without evaporation infrastructure.
Over the last 20 years, microfiltration ("MF") and ultrafiltration ( "UF") have become ubiquitous in drinking water production and wastewater treatment worldwide due to their ability to remove harmful pathogens at >99.999%. Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF, CAS 24937-79-9) stands out as the clear preferred material for filtration elements due to several key features: a) this high purity plastic material meets the already stringent, and still evolving regulatory requirements for products used in drinking water production; b) it is resistant to a broad range of chemicals including solvents and, more importantly in the water industry, acids, bases and oxidants and c) it can be converted into a hydrophilic material with enhanced long-term resistance to fouling.
In conclusion, water and wastewater treatment needs the kind of stability and long service life that PVDF provides to make MF and UF and their undeniable public health benefits accessible to utilities
around the world.
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Fluoropolymer-containing products are also used in the aerospace industry which includes, for example, civil and military aviation,
efence and satellite systems. These materials are used as wear and riction components in jet turbine engines for commercial and military aircraft. Such components are vane bushings, spacers, lamps, wear channels, and wear strips. The high temperature apability of these materials provides significant weight reduction in reas of the engine where metal components were previously used, llowing the engine to consume less fuel. The self- lubricating properties of parts made with this material technology provide increased wear and durability, as well as low friction that extends the maintenance cycles and improves safety performance. Fluoroelastomers are used in sealing applications to contain fluids in ritical aerospace systems which require superior chemical resistance nd a wide temperature service range when compared to other vailable elastomeric seal materials.
PFAS-based products fulfil specific technical requirements within most, if not all, types of 3-D Printing equipment. The materials are used in seals, gaskets, coated tubing and lubricants. In certain types of 3-D printing equipment, they are also used as laminate coatings on iglass within the resin chamber to impart appropriate levels of light transparency and gas permeability.
Scratch resistance to maintain integrity of the metal or wood
substate
Extreme UV resistance - resulting in durable and longevity of building / construction products ( over 40 years) PFAS are used in combination with air (7-15% C5-FK) as dielectric insulation gas in gas insulated medium and high voltage switchgear
as substitute to SF6.
Benefit: Substitution of 100% SF6 with GWP 23500 by <15% with GWP <1 keeping very similar design, reliability, dimensions and cost
level.
IC5-FK: 1,1,1,3,4,4,4-Heptafluoro-3(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-on / CAS-No.: 756-12-7 ICAFN: 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoro-2(trifluoromethyl)propionitrile /CAS-No.:422532-60-5
Fluoropolymers (PTFE & PVDF) parts are also necessary in these Technologies due to their physical and chemical properties. During operation chemical corrosion resistance and dielectric characteristics are required for 40+ years reliable operation cycles of the systems.
Fluoropolymers in particular are used is a multitude of applications related to chemical manufacturing to seal equipment and containers to prevent the release of hazardous chemicals or for filtration applications to prevent air or water emissions during industrial processes. These sealant and filtration products are used during the manufacturing of many chemical and other materials, like acids, chlorine, carbon black, cement, TiO2, catalysts, mineral, polymers, fertilizers, pesticides, industrial & household cleaners, pulp & paper manufacturing and many others.
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Lower surface tension in waterborne products to improve wetting, levelling and surface defects usch as cratering There are multiple critical uses of PFAS (e.g., PTFE, FKM, and others) in Hard Disk Drives (HDD), including lubricant on recording media surfaces, membranes for particle filtration, actuator crash stops, sealing gaskets, and other applications. / Only PFAS based materials meet the extreme particle, ionic and organic cleanliness requirements of materials used in the sealed internal HDD environment, as well as providing the required inertness, thermal stability, hydrophobicity, oleophobicity, and physical properties depending on the use such as compressibility, permeability, nontackiness, as well as manufacturability.
Alternative for NPE coating sealants; NPE is on Annex XIV (AfA The PFAS used is TFEMA. It is a monomer incorporated into the
Heat transfer fluids
PBSF-enabled coatings are used in window film applications because these films deliver superior performance over standard polyester films in blast and impact events; yet still maintain a high level of optical clarity. The PBSF is used to aid in wetting out during the coating step. Window films are used in both automotive aftermarket as well as in public, commercial and residential buildings. For construction applications window films are used for the following properties: mitigates hazards from shattered glass during natural disasters, helps protect people from flying glass shards, one of the most common causes of blast-related injuries and fatalities, helps increase security and provide added protection against smash and grab burglaries, significantly blocks the amount of harmful UV rays.
A PTFE membrane is used in hydrogen peroxide based ophthalmic disinfecting solutions. It provides the necessary hydrophobicity to keep the aqueous contents from leaking from the container, while still being permeable to the oxygen released from the solution (during disinfection, H202 degrades into H20 + 02), thereby preventing over-pressurization of the container.
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Sealing Applications: 1. Mechanical Seals & Seal Support Systems: Minimize/Eliminate equipment leakage Used in corrosion & high temperature applications Optimize mechanical seal performance & extend service life 2. Packing & Gaskets: Installation/Removal: The flexibility & stability of the PFAScontaining backbone prevents installation problems. Sealing Performance: The combination of PFAS & graphite delivers superior sealing & long service life due to the flexibility & strength offered by the PFAS & the thermal properties offered by the graphite. Chemical Resistance: PFAS/Graphite packing can be used across the 0 to 14 pH range except with strong oxidizers, fluorine, molten
fluorides and a few others.
Versatility: PFAS/Graphite packing can be used in a wide range of pump & valve sealing applications & service conditions including shaft speeds of 20-m/s. Applications include rotary pumps, centrifugal pumps, soot blower, mixers & any valve seeing
temperatures less than 288 degrees C.
Coatings/Dispersants:
Friction control
Abrasion resistance
Fasteners:
Used in corrosion & high temperature applications
Filtration Systems:
Provide high filtration efficiencies
Used in corrosion & high temperature applications
Monitoring & Measuring Equipment:
Gauges - Resistant to cracking/breakage
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Solvents for lubricants
Immersion cooling applications in automotive electronics applications
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fas engijed Architectural Panel Tapes are used for many pplications in the construction industry, including the manufacture of architectural panels for curtain walls, exterior building cladding and interior panel and trim attachment. In many situations, they replace liquid adhesives, sealants, welds and mechanical fasteners. They provide immediate handling strength during the fabrication process and do not shrink after curing, like with some liquid applied sealants. This shrinkage can result in isolated panel stress that may be visible on the exterior face of the architectural panel. Testing fluids
Cleaning of Electronics Components
Heat transfer agents
Magnesium protection cover gas
Coatings of Electronic components
Cleaning Fluids
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Indicate application
1. Industrial 2. Professional 3. Consumer
(or a combination)
6FDA: Gas separation in different applications: aviation
5FA: surfactant
HFIP: eye lenses, solvent, 3D printing:
consumer
IC3VE: bio-degradable coatings
Sector of use
(e.g. cosmetics, TULAC, petroleum & mining) (if applicable)
Transportation
Consumer
Industrial
Pharma packaging
Automotive
Cosmetics
Industrial
Consumer (EEE)
Energy Household appliances
Industrial / Professional
Building & Construction
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Industrial / Professional
Water purification
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Industrial / Professional/Consumer
Electronics, F-gases, Automotive
Industrial
Industrial / Professional
Machinery, electric drive technology Machinery, electric drive technology
Industrial / Professional
Aerospace & defence industry
Industrial / Professional
Chemical industry
Industrial Industrial
Electronics
Energy and Grid Infrastructure: (Transmission and distribution of electrical energy).
Industrial / Professional/Consumer
Electronics
Industrial / Professional/Consumer
Electronics
Industrial / Professional/Consumer
Electronics
Industrial
Electronics, manufacturing
Industrial / Professional/Consumer
Consumer
Electronics Limited contact medical devices
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Industrial / Professional
Others
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TULAC (textiles, upholstery, leather, apparel and carpets)
Industrial / Professional
Waste heat management, e-Energy production
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Consumer Professional
Industrial
Limited contact medical devices
In Vitro Diagnostics sector (Healthcare)*
Energy
IInndduussttrriiaall
MMeeddiiccaall deevviices AAeerroossppaaccee
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Construction products
Industrial/ Professional Industrial / Professional
Cross-sector application
Food contact materials & packaging Construction products
Medical devices
Metal plating & manufacturing of metal products
TULAC
F-gases
Electronics & energy
Transportation
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Consumer
Limited contact medical devices Electronics & energy
Transport
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Industrial / Professional
Industrial / Professional Industrial / Professional
Cross-sector application
Cross-sector application Machinery, electric drive technology,
electronics
Industrial / Professional
Cross-sector application
Industrial
Industrial / Professional Industrial / Professional
Machinery, electric drive technology Cross-sector application
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Industrial / Professional
Cross-sector application
Professional
Medical devices
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Industrial
Industrial / Professional
Cross-sector application
Industrial / Professional
Industrial
Industrial
Industrial
Electronics
Machinery, electric drive technology
Industrial / Professional Professional / Consumer
Cross-sector application
Medical devices
Industrial / Professional
Industrial
Machinery, electric drive technology Chemical /Semicon
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Industrial
Industrial Industrial
Life Science, medical
Life Science, Lab equipment
Life Science
Consumer Industrial (automotive)/
Semicon
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Consumer Industrial
Electronics & Energy, Transportation, Buildings and others
Industrial / Professional
Personal Protective Equipment (normally covered by TULAC, but please
note that not all PPEs are textile
applications)
Industrial
Medical Devices
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Industrial
Chemical Industry and Oil, Gas & Mining
Industrial
Electronics & Energy
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Industrial Industrial
Yes, but we believe the use was misunderstood, as it is fundamentally
different from the use of
fluoropolymer PPAs further down the
value chain.
Construction
IInndduusstrtriiaall
Enneerrgy
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IInndduussttrriiaall
WWaatteerr Fii llttrraattiioonn
Industrial
Aerospace & Defence
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Industrial / Professional
Industrial / Professional
Industrial Industrial
Widespread application of 3-D printing technologies wherever precision and complexity of shape is required. This can include everything from shoe soles to medical devices (overall <100kg PFAS per equipment manufacturer per year)
Food Contact Coatings and Construction
Products
Construction Products
Energy and Grid Infrastructure: (Transmission and distribution of electrical energy).
Industrial / Professional Industrial / Professional/Consumer
Construction Products
Cross-sector application
Industrial Professional Industrial
Industrial
Aerospace
Medical devices
Electronics & Energy
Construction, Automotive
Consumer
Medical devices
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Industrial
Aerospace
Chemical
Food & Beverage Mining & Minerals
Petrochemical Pharmaceutical
Power Generation
Pulp & Paper Refrigeration
Water & Wastewater
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Industrial Industrial
Industrial
Energy
Automotive
Automotive
Industrial
Industrial
Industrial
Industrial
Industrial Industrial Industrial
Industrial
Construction
Automotive
Electronics & Energy
F-Gases
F-Gases
Energy Electronics & Energy
Automotive
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ceric
Have you submitted any
information on this use during the
Call for evidence/ First
Consultation? (Volumes, Emissions, Alternatives, Other)
Do you plan to submit any information on this [use during the Second Consultation? (Volumes, Emissions, Alternatives, Other)
No
Volumes, Alternatives
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Alternatives
Alternatives
No No
Alternatives
Alternatives Alternatives
Alternatives
No
Alternatives, Other
No
Alternatives, Other
No
Alternatives, Other
No
Alternatives, Other
Yes
Alternatives, Other
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Yes
Alternatives, Other
No
Alternatives, Other
No
Emissions, Alternatives, Other
Emissions, Alternatives, Others
Emissions, Alternatives, Others
Emissions, Alternatives, Others
Emissions, Alternatives, Others
Emissions, Alternatives, Others
Emissions, Alternatives, Others
Emissions, Alternatives, Others
Emissions, Alternatives, Others
Emissions, Alternatives, Others
No No
Emissions, Alternatives, Others
No No
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Noo
Noo
Noo
Noo
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NNo
NNo
Noo
Noo
NNo
NNo
NNo
NNo
NNo
NNo
NNo
NNo
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Noo
Noo
NNo
NNo
NNoo
NNoo
NNo
NNo
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Noo
Noo
NNo
NNo
Noo
Noo
No
No
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NNo
NNo
Noo
Noo
NNoo
NNoo
NNoo
NNoo
NNoo
OOtthheerr
NNoo
OOtthheerr
NNoo
OOtthheerr
296655558822
No
OOtthheerr
OOtthheerr
NNoo NNoo
OOtthheerr
OOtthheerr OOtthheerr
NNoo
OOtthherr
22996655558822
No
Other
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Other No
Other Other
No No Other
Other Other Other
Volumes, Alternatives, Other
Other
No
Other
No
Other
No
Other
No
Volumes, Alternatives
Volumes, Alternatives
Volumes, Alternatives Volumes, Alternatives
Volumes, Alternatives
Volumes, Alternatives Volumes, Alternatives
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No
Volumes, Alternatives
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No
Volumes, Alternatives
Volumes, Alternatives Volumes, Emissions, Alternatives
Volumes, Alternatives
Volumes, Emissions, Alternatives
Volumes, Alternatives
Volumes, Emissions, Alternatives
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Volumes, Alternatives
Volumes, Emissions, Alternatives
Volumes, Alternatives
Volumes, Emissions, Alternatives
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Volumes, Alternatives
Volumes, Emissions, Alternatives
Volumes, Alternatives
Volumes, Emissions, Alternatives
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Volumes, Alternatives
Volumes, Emissions, Alternatives
Volumes, Alternatives
Volumes, Emissions, Alternatives
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No
Volumes, Emissions, Alternatives, Other
No
Volumes, Emissions, Alternatives, Other
No
Volumes, Emissions, Alternatives, Other
No
Volumes, Emissions, Alternatives, Other
No
Volumes, Emissions, Alternatives, Other
No
Volumes, Emissions, Alternatives, Other
No
Volumes, Alternatives, Other
Volumes, Emissions, Alternatives, Other Volumes, Emissions, Alternatives, Others
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Volumes, Alternatives, Other
Volumes, Emissions, Alternatives, Others
Noo
VVoolluummeess,, SSoocciioo--eeccoonnommiic iimmppaacctt
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