Document 3gGD3rBxrpKRRgMdbyp47Oo0

? t ^,Cv 1 LEADED ZINC OXIDE j ] I i --' /, I. WHITE PIGMEHT COLOR SCALE. 1. Introduction and Purpose. In order to_JFacIlitate rating and reporting the color of leaded sine oxides and other white pigments, a color scale has been devised. The scale is purely arbitrary and standards, commonly used by the Auxiliaries Department, are used as the basis for rating the color. 2. Method.. Ratings are made by comparing and matching visually the color of a given sample to standards.. This is done by dispersing the pigment end the standards in oil to thick pastes and laying down the sample in juxtaposition between two standards of different color ratings. For accurate analysis standards,- differing by no more than 5 points on the color scale, should be used. Leaded sine oxides range in color from about 1*0to 90 on this color scale 3. Color'of Standards.. a. Protein Dispersions aa* \;^sml|Rsit^i;'J.;,' ; bb: ;WtruBeniwlRating (Table IA) b. Dried Paint Film ; ./;;bb* Instrumental Rating (Table IB) <} II. COLOR CHARACTERISTICS OF LEAD AND ZINC PIGMENTS - S-W AM? COMPETITIVE. 1. Single Pigmentation in Protein Dispersions. a.' Visual Rating b. Instrumental Ratings (Table II) 2. Single Pigmentation in Vehicle of SWP Gloss White, al Visual Rating (Table III) b. Instrumental Ratings (Table III) -- 3. Composite Pigmentation in SWP Gloss White. Visual and Instrumental Ratings (Table TV) III. COLOR CBARA.CTERISTICS OF HOUSE PAINTS, (Table V). S3 n \ 1. National Dutch Boy 110 Bright White C2lil0. 2. 0*Brien TTO White 7102 98lO. 3. Pittsburgh Titanic Outside White 1-J?U A8Q579. hi du Pont 4O Outside White 301 861, C3U1639. 5. SWP Gloss White, Rx U71. C22*>8. 6. Ward Titanium^White, 75-1 S-ll A~2l6 8. 7a, Sears (Old Formula) Master White, 1U3R F308r . 7b. " (Heir Formula) " , 1U3C I H30 9S. 7c. " . (Heir Foraula) with Oslo 12/88 + B. S. W. L. IV^- PIGMENT COMPOSITION OF HODSE PAINTS. (Table VI. ) y;- "EFFECT OF ADDITION OP CARBON BLACK OR ULTRAMARINE BLUE ;0N THE COLOR - 4 " CHARACTERISTICS - OF HOUSE PAINTS/ CONTAINING OZLO 12/88^ (TableT VII) VI. EFFECT ONCOLQRvCHARACTERISTICS OF INCREASING THE TITANnBi CONTENT i; Vli. ~raY5ICAL iiND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF OZLO 12/88 AND OTHER'mD 7iND v- : ZINC ^PIGMENTS , ! :' vlv'-? . 1) : by X-^ay Diffraction. ^ ;-:\v / VIII^SDOI&BILITY PROPERTIES OF OZLO 12/88 IN HOUSE PAINT. ~<v - '* 0007-SWP-000007248 3 TABLE I WHITE PIGMENT COLOR SCALE A. SOYA PROTEIN BINDER Color Standard (In Oil) 90 80 70 60 50 uo ______Reflectance, % Bite Amber Red Green Yellowness (Brightness) (A-B)/G Whiteness * 85*2 79;9 76*9 75; 8 73;6 70.6 91*8 88*7 87*0 85*8 83i7 81.5 9luU 91*6 90.6 89;3^ 87; U 85.9 90*7 87;5 85*3 8U;0 8l;7 79. h 7*28 10; Q5 .11*85 11; 90 12;37 15.00 79 71 66 65 63 59 B. VEHICLE OF SWP GLOSS WHITE AT P.V.cl 36 v;1 90 75*5 81*9 8U.0 81*0 go 7 .70 7l;2 68;0 79 i9 78;1 82.8;: 78.6 65;2.' 75;2 " 78 ........50 v .62*6 72 ;5 76*1 y : 70iU; 60*6 " 71*8 75*7 ?'; 69*6 . - ltd' 57.8 68.7 73.U 66*2 7.9 11; 1 13*2 13;6 1U.3 16*1 16.5 76 67 60 58 57 5i li9 0007-SWP-000007249 TABLE II. COLOR CHARACTERISTICS OF LEAD AND ZINC PIGMENTS SINGLE PIGMENTATION IN PROTEIN DISPERSION. Pigment Blue Reflectance, % Amber Red Green Brightness) Ye 11w- White ness ness Ul2 Current Ul2 Standard Eagle A, 350 A*o 35l Lehigh 6 Lehigh 6l v 511 Current UlU (70) UlU (60) UlU (58) UlU (50) UlU : (U5) ? UlU ; (60) + 511 -UlU .|j(6p) ^ 9 UiUlltii)^' 18 '.uiU(|0^5ii UiU^50) v 5 UiU~X50)> 18 UiUf|{ffi) ^ 5ii vTU^^^ 9 UlU (U5)'+ 18 77.3 88.3 76.5 86;7 91.7 90.0 86.9 85.2 12.70 11.96 63.1 65.0 79.8 87.6 77*6 86;U 90.6 89:9 86*7 85*1 9.00 10*33 73*6 69.7' 80.3 88:9 85*2 91*U 92.2 93*6 87*7 90*6. 9*81 71.5 6.8U . c80.r 77*9 88:7 76*0 88.3 92*1 92.1 87.2 86*6 12.39 1U*20 6U*1' " 58*9 79*9 87.3 90*9 85*9 13*3U 61*2 71*7 83*0 86.7 8l*2 13*92 59.1' 73.1 89*3 88*9 83*0 iU*?o . 56.7 72*1 83.6 : 87.U 8i*U 1U.12 58*2 76*3 87*6 90*8 85*7 .13*18 61*6 ' 76*3 -87:2 s 90*7 - 77*3 87*9 7U*7 - 86.U : 90.2 ,85*U - ..,12*76 . 62*8 mtz ';' 12*30 :: .6U.3 ' .8U9` * 13*85 - 59.5 : 73 *6 89.9 79.1 86.5 89.3 90*1 , 8U*9 . 1U*25 . 13*50 58.U 60*6 73*7 8U.9 88.8 . WO'.-,:. lU*09 60.5 72.6 8U.3 7U.9 89.6 88.3 89.2 82^1":'" . 83*9 -'v.^ - iU*25' , 13.30 v `^ ^ 5 58*0 60.8 ........ *Ci&. ?;W .s' M- 0 0 0 7-SWP -000007250 5 TABLE III. COLOR CHARACTERISTICS OF LEAD AND ZINC PIGMENTS Iff VEHICIE OF SWP GLOSS WHITE. ( SINGLE PIGMENTATION AT 36 P.V.C.) Pigment lj.12 Current 1*12 Standard Eagle A, 350 Jizo 35L . Lehigh 6 Lehigh 6l $11 Cjurrent l*li (70) 1*3JU (60) 10U (50) UU (70) + 511 - lOU (60) 5ii 18 Dry ;9- Diy * B. Sil. W. L. Reflectance, % Blue Amber Red Green (Brightness) % Yellow ness % White ness Vis ual 68.0 79.7 81**3 67*0 78*0 81*7 66*7 75*3 79*3 67.0 75*6 79*1 68*9 78.0 82*1 71*8 78*7 81.6 66*U 78*8 8U.1 65*9 78.8 83.6 63*7 ' 75.0 79.7 62*0 7U.0 78.1 66.2 79*3. 8U.2 65*8 L 77*9 , . 62*6 6U.0 '-fCW^8'" 78*2 72*8 65.0 -86*6^; 'TOil 83.5-' 88.6 79.0 ` 85.U 77*7 76*0 15*1 1U*5 7U*0 11*6' 71+.3 11*6' 76.2 11*9 77*6 76*6 8.38 16*2 76.1* 72*8 16.9 15*5 71*8 16*7 77*0 17-0 75.6 , . 16*0 litiO: 16*6 85.0 9.89 81.5 76.2 13*6 18.1* 55.U 56*7 5 12 61*. U 6U*6 9 .7 63*6 h 72*9' 51*9 3 6 1*9*1* 10 53*2 1U 50*.l 16 1*9*6 51*7 15 ii 50*3 " :''13 70*7 1 59.3' 2 U5.U : 8 0007-SWP -000007251 r> -<** *?/ fpj .'V-r ''''./ \/>';-\;v../ ' TABLE IV. COMPARATIVE COLOR OF PAINT MADE WITH VARIOUS TYPES ARP BRANDS OF LEADED ZINC OXIDES. FORMULATIONi SWP Gloss TRiite, Card i7 ~ ill# TiOa. Asbestine Anatase Ti02 Leaded Zinc Oxide, 35/& 8* C Wg L . p. v. c* 36% 290# 136 U80 70 976 # Leaded .Zinc Oxide Reflectance. % Yellow- Ifhite- yiaml Blue Anber Red ' - Green1 ness'-! ' ness " Rating Lehigh 6l Lehigh 6 Eagle^A* 350 0?lo^5/S5 Cur* A*o 3$L/ toiiiXeoj > 511 * 77i6 ,75i7 82.2 0;6 :/8l;5 /:<' |gi|f|i3a.u 85w9 85.1* 8l;0 .8lu54' t&U ^86*8 <S3.9:&':J9.1 . 73,8 ; 82.0 85i6 80*6. 6.5 79;7 8.0 75.3 7i3, / 77;0 :/r9;6/ *7iiO , 8.0 ; 75*0 10.2 / 69*ir 1st. 2 3 U 5 6 Oslo 35/65, Std, ltlU^(70) :+ 5li .73x6 ' 81*^ 73*1/ 85.6. ' 8&6 . . 10,3. . 69*2 ,7 'fu.5''. 35*8 ^ 8 mm):* b .s *w .l ? hi($8).+ hi2 loi (50) 4. 511 * . I-.-: -H> 'y* 71i8 8liO''8tuB ~ r79.U . 72x6 /81.1,l 8U.5 -79.8 71.8. * /80I8M^8Iu7ii;79v2-.. 11*6 /6s CK 9- lari - 10. ii.U. v.,j66i'o:t ii ,, l/ r:c?fX*/ , Vs . , 'I'Nll V.V . Tig {?? '* V'f- -i-*; iTiWiYr/afi* *.*/. i , .Brigittess'.fi-V ' . .. .ft'-. ',"T'. . "7 . . V \ - 2 Blended to 35/65\type, - . /; -'% 'no .: V - MM Zlt0 0007-SWP-0000072S2 /"crag TABLE IV-& 6a COLOR CHARACTERISTICS OF UlU OF U5 COLOR IN SWP GLOSS TJHITE (SEE TABLE IV FOR FORMULA). Paint Ul2 Standard UlU(l)t5U UU (145) 9 I4U4 (li5) * 18 -% Reflectance Blue Amber Red 76.6 7U;3 72,7 73.14 8U.6 83.3 8l;7 82.0 87.6 85.8 8U.8 85.5 _________ Green 83.1 -- 8l;3 79.9 80.3 % Yellow- % ihite ness ness 9.63 11.1 11.3 10.7 71.2 66.5 66;l 67.7 0007-SWP-000007253 7 T&.BLB V. COLOR CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSE FAINTS. Brand Rational 0 8Brien Pittsburgh du Pont SWP Ward Sears {Old) - 88 {New) " (New) with 0*16 12/88 * B S. We Le Reflectance, % Blue Amber Red 77 ;5 77.7 76.5 7U.5 7U.U 73; 9 75.5 75. U 82.2 83.5 82.;5 Blti 81.1 80.8 83 ;5 81.8 8U.1 86.3 85.1 83.5 83.3 83.U 86.3 8U.6. Yellow- White- Visual Green ness ness Ratine 81.6^ 82.9 81.7 79.9 80*0 79.7 82 i3 80.8 5.77 7.00 7.3U 8.27 8*37 8;65 9.72 7.90 81 78 77 7h 75 7U 71 76 1 2 3 h h h 5 -- 75.3 83.2 85. U 81.9 9.60 71 Pt, TITS' ffT iki'. 0007-SWP-000007254 ^3 ssra TABLE VII. EFFECT OF ADDITION OF CARBON BLACK OR ULTRAMARINE BLUE OH THE COLOR CHARACTERISTICS . OF HOUSE PAINTS. Paint_________ Great Lakes * Ditto with Oslo 12/88 American Marietta * Ditto kith Ozlo = 12/88 __ ' \ Dittp + Lamp ; Blaok Ditto + Ultra- Marine Clue Reflectance, g__________ Blue Amber Red Green 73.3 81.0 6U.9 79.6 76.6 73.7 8U.2 78.6 87.2 80.7 83.0 78.0 7lu8 83.1 86.5 82.0 72.9 79.2 81.7. 78;U 7U.6 79.2 83.8 79.0 Yellow- White- Visual ness ness Ratine 9.67 70.6 2nd. 9.15 6.28 72.7 78.1 1st. 3rd. 10.1 69.8 1st. 8.03 5-82 74.6 lfth. 80.0 2nd. - ' _ i. . ... ' . *x - 14r- * V-Up..'i . - .f. ' . American llaris'itar' .. 168#. < 276# ; 0* -W ;:;Im -. ---~...... . .. --b : c . m l . 88 22i;....:;". Hi9 ' i: .: - : li25 . '-v * 122 ' Asbestine .. 285 V4.-.;. r . 0-. ' .Vt .T 3U i 'i'lif <:o ' ">rt? -- ifj -;y*Q 007-SWP- 000007255 TABLE VIII EFFECT ON COLOR OF INCREASING THE TITANIUM CONTENT IK HOUSE PAINT Paints were made in the SUSP Gloss Vjhite Formula (Card U7) containing 1h% titanium dioxide and also in the same formula modified to contain, respectively, B% and l6 titanium dioxide. Formulas: Pigment Asbestine AnataseTiPa Leaded Zinc, 35/65 B. C. W# L. -8*-no* 300 # 60 515 1Q5 1000 # A. COLOR CHARACTERISTICS. Pigment (Leaded ll|_TiOa 250 # 136 1*80 70 976 # . 16% TiO 320# 162 1*30 512 # Visual Color oiz-m 1S5T 76aaaai<fi8o.6:6o.?:ia-fc,8.i w ~ :ienv,-sta; ^ 65 21 U3 6 5. 3 1* 5- 6 78 57 65 10 10 '^7 ; i ; 2 W 5 iff *y >&f` g|y/* slightly idxiteri Oslo 35/65, Lehigh 6, 'Afco 35L -aad Wli:i(60) + 511 to 35/65 are very close in color, SSS* *- >- ....................... 0007-SWP-000007256 ftV 9a TABLE VIII A. EFFECT ON COLOR OF IUCREASING THE TITANIUM CONTENT OF HOUSE FAINT Paints were made in the SWP Gloss WhiteJFormula (Card h7) containing lU titanium dioxide and also in the same formula modified to contain, respectively, 8% and 18% titanium dioxide. Formulas: Pipnent \ O Asbestine Anatase Ti02 Leaded Zinj, 35/65 B* C W Xna 8 TiOg 300 #. 80 515 105 1000# tk% TiOa 290 # 136 U80 70 976# 1B% TiOg 320 # 162 too 912# COLOR CHARACTERISTICS . Yellowness Whiteness lk| M 8l;l* 82;.7 76.7 78.8 77.U 78,6 8.18 71.8 7U.9 71J 73*0 . ::-> f. *.. i-*f* BIfSlil , bWL*'f*v>WW '- m^y; -; 'Vi-'. J M 'Sf-iJS Vl^sfe*.?*** 's-t'V?" 0007-SWP-000007257 10 TABLE IK. PHYSICAL AMD CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF LEAD AND ZINC PIGMENTS . Pigment Type Lead Pigment/ Zinc Pigment Soluble Zinc as Zq SOa Specific Resistance S 325 Res. Ozlo 35/65, Standard Oslo 35/65, Current Ozlo 50/50, Ozlo 12/88, (50) Ozlo 12/88, (60) Blend 1, l*ll* and 511 to ft 2 tl 91 II 11 2, n n 11 " 35/65 35/65 50/50 12/88 12/88 35/65 35/65 35/65 Lehigh 6l Lehigh 6 Azo 35L Eagle A, 350 35/65 35/65 35/65 35/65 0.17 0.16 0.13 0.32 0.62 0.15 0.13 O.lU 3,000 2,880 [*,170 -1,280 960 l*,080 2,880 U,02Q 0.21 0.10 0.06 * 0.25 2,060 U,950 li,950 1,580 6.8 6.8 6.6 63* 6.7 6.8 7.0 7.0 0.032 0.020 0.016 0.036 0:096 0.008 0.009 0.017 6,U 6.8 6.8 6.7 0.011 0.007 0.012 0.218 Azo ZZZ-33 Straight ZnO o.ou 5,270 7.1 0:071* 53 Eorsehead XX-50 . II tl 0.1*6 1,300 . " XX-503 ft If 0,08 2,250 Be C W* X14 Be S* W* B8i* We Le 8,820 1U,100 17,300 7,1 0.011 6,7 0.028 6.9 0.009 Oil Abs. Ik.v. 2.95) " Specific Gravity Bulking ` Wt.'Per Value Solid Gal, .0zlp;i35/65, ,Standard 6zlb^35/65jCur.reut Ozlx&QftOi ozio '12/88, (50) 0*1^/88,460) Blend 1, l*ll* + 5ll to -,*35/65'. Blend'2, 1*11* # 511^0 35/65 Blend 3, UlU + 511 to -v :35/65 >: Lehigh ^6li Lehigk-,6... ,.>;i!dglei|f^35.0 1 ^6^1^33^' ` 12.5 11:6 11,1* 12.8 l.3 * 11.8 12.7 11*6 21.2 ; -n*:? ; il;2 19.1 25*6 5*82 5.97 5-66 5.88 0.0206 0.0201 0.0212 0.0201* 1*8,5 1*9.7 1*7.2 ,, U9.o 5.82 5;82 5.86 6.00 5-58 0:0206 0.0206 0.0205 0.0200 0.0215 1*8.5 1*8.5 1*8.8 50,0 1*6.5 r Be Si* W* If* 11.9 16.3 17.2 6.78 6.38 1*.00 0.0177 0.0188 0.0300 56.5 53,2 33.3 Manufacturer claims 0.35% Zinc Sulfate as being typical. 0007-SWP-000007258 ' 'ra TABLE X PARTICLE SIZE - SEDIMENTATION METHOD 11 PiOfient . microns 21 Oslo 35/65, Standard Ozlo 35/65, Ten. Std. Ozlo 35/65, Current Ozlo 50/50, Ozlo 12/88, (71) Ozlo 12/88, (60) Ozlo 12/88, (50) Ozlo i.2/88, Min. Color UlU W Blend l,UlU (71)+ 511 to 35/65* Blend 2,UlU (60)+ 511 to 35/65* Blend 3,UlU (50)+ 511 to 35/65* Lehigh 6l Lehigh'6 Azo 35L Eagle A, 35 0.6 0.6 0.1 o;2 3.2 U.6 5.8 12.0 i;U 2.0 2:U 1.5 0.2 0.2 1;8 S* Ce W* La B. Sa W* L B Si W* L 0.1 3.5 * 0ii * Calculated values Accumulative Tft. % is 9 JL JL JL ,-1.0 1.2 0.2 0.6 5.1 6.7 7.0 3lu9 2. U 3.0 3:2 2;o 0.5 0.7 3;U 0.2 U.3 0.7 1;9 3.6 0.6 1.6 8.0 13.0 9:3 18^3 u:2 6.2 U.7 3^2 1.0 1.6 7;0 0,8 8.U 3.2 2.U 6.2 1.0 2.6 9U 15:5 10; 0 20.3 5:3 7.8 5^6 u:9 1.6 2.3 7;7 2.7 11.1 7.1 3.6 7.3 1.7 3.8 12.6 18.0 11.2 22:9 70 9.5 6.8 6.3 2.U 3.2 8;1 5.7 15.0 22.8 70 10.0 u;u 7.5 18.2 220 16.9 28iU 11.8 130 no 8.5 7.2 5*5 16;U 18.6 20.6 UU.5 2 13.0 18.2 8.0 1U.0 23.0 28.1 31.5 380 17^6 19.6 21,0 13i2 15.0 9.7 32; 3 31;0 3i;e 60.0 TEXTURE - HOOVER MULLER TEST < Piement Oslo 35/65, Standard Oslo 35/65; Ten. Std. .Ozlo 35/65, Current Ozlo 50/56,:: Oslo' 12/88j(71) ozlo 12/88; (60) Ozlo 12/88, (50) Ozlo-12/88, Min. Color UlU W Blend l,Uih(71) + $11 to 35/65 Blend 2,U1Ul 60) + $11 to 35/65 Blend 3,U1U(50) + $11 to 35/65 Lehigh 6l Lehigh 6 Azo 35L Eagle A, 350 B* ' ;C J L* B; S. .'L. B. Si; W. L. Revolutions to Obtain a Grind of 3-1/2 U U-l/2 5-1/2 6 6-1/2 10 13 15 25 UO 80 155 10 15 35 125 350 10 13 25 50 155. Uoo 13 30 75 200 16 30 90 235 + Uoo 10 15 Uo 125 + U00 10 25 75 235 + Uoo 8 20 h$ 100 200 + Uoo 8 13 35 1U0 + Uoo 10 25 80 230 + Uoo 8 13 Uo 155 + uoo 10 13 20 30 55 125 15 20 30 50 75 130 225 10 15 25 5o 130 25 UO 70 105 175 Uoo 13 65 210 + Uoo 10 13 25 U5 105 205 10 20 75 2U5 00 + 0007-SWP-000007259 TABLE XI. Hiding Power. The hiding power of the various leaded tine oxides, both composite pigments and blends, was determined in the regu lar SWP Gloss White formula. Results are given for contrast ratios of 93, 95 and 98*. Regular SWP Formula Pigment O \ . * Lehigh 61, Blend Lehigh 6 , Cofuned A*P 35l , " Eagle A, 350 Oslo 35/6$, Current Oslo 35/65, Standard lOli (60) + 511 to 35/6$ ;i*lU ($0) * $11 to 35/65 Oslo ,35/65,: Current {6Q)j&. Hiding Power in Sq.Ft./Oal. m 255 1*60 1*02 1*88 1*1$ $00 1426 U8l U07 U80 1|Q5 1*95 1*12 5oo 1*26 5oo 1*26 m 298 303 315 297 288 289 315 315 Single Pigmentation UI5 505 373 1*18 268 292 , Otlo 35/65 (Standard), blends of Oslo 12/88 and Otlo 50/50 -rlffifoa-oAgo 35i*-*hdw slightly greater hiding power thaa the other leaded - ocides. / ~ ^ ^ - .l , V. . .... - ^ formula,, containing only the single pig- v,i ''';TO^;t^stiti&i ^ A t o Iu t o ' basis, Oslo 12/88 shows distinctly greater ihiding 'pdwef tLan Oslo '35/65current, There is definitely nod.rop.ih m& . -V-.cV- Auxiliaries Research Laboratory October 5, 191*8 0007-SWP-000007260