Document 3eaJwoZyLkVDvNM08n7dnL4B3

V For the f i r s t " ' y e a r s ,j& new and nor*" - antiknock agent i V being used.yi^^lftpeV'of.tetraethyllead',(TEL)*. ' The -Standard,,Oil .Company of1California .has,r e c e n t ^ jinnounced. thatev./^$j| Several years ago; scientists at the California^Research,-^q. Corporation/ Standard Oil Company of Californians research eub*V sidiary, discovered that^TKL does & better job as. an antiknock'. agent than TEL In modern gasolines used' In high compression engines.' ' ^ It's estimated that the substitution of TML for TEL In"premium gaao- ,, line, will produce an Improvement in the operation of the average - ' automatic transmission 'ccaar bpy'a noticeabclie increase Iin road octane; \,, numberr Consider aabblly g-r--eat*-e*r Improvements result when -s >u--c*h gaao- ; ' S^ S lines are' used in\certaln7 *st,ickrshift^'carS',T;.,*; i '. < %/-' ^ ~ v The successful .uudsme oafw#. !Mlemt^Vhyvl1 acili4wmsaexw ea s* aa'' mmmaj4oa rm mresaeamrcah",a-*'i '"i'fflSL project conducted for over 10 years at Cal Researcher During thiSk/;-;/e^^ time,-Cal Research acquired new knowledge of the preflame **eactlojps^:^S^^ of hydrocarbons that cause engine knock and the mechanism by yfhichkJX^v^^ antidetonants suppress knock. They carried on shock tube studied;'1 ;-X designed to measure thermal stabilities of the antiknock compounds. - ;i '->y j - * * ' '* ' * Over'the years, the proportion of aromatic, hydrocarbons '-v - '*-p- v.;7 in gasoline has increased and has affected combustion reactions. t \ High compression engines subject; gasoline to much higher temper* - '<,x tureS' and pressures than occurred in older style engines. Thea* changes In fuel composition and operetlng conditions make new Methyl "C ` more effective '*v r than "TEL.V^ :;.w iv--A juy vA x*-*-fefc'p V * * *' * i'** r y#f- -f * 1 * *, * ' '* . * <-y ,, / - *>**'. . f ''"f # ! t" 'wagfcmore effective than TEL. l the tfelted States that no t^ith miiq ho -introduced-v^ ./TrwL-the replacement of TSL with TML. ^ To provideVjfchia information^ kg . i; - dal Research requested the cooperation of both the.Ethyl and D u F o n t ^ * Corporations'.\ Dr.. R. A., Kehoe; Director of the 'ny m&s a iSSS at a year* ass -%,, ,,octane number by switching to Methyl antiknock compound. With,eco* -'tv nomlcssuch as these/Cal Research predicts that eventually Methyl ^IXS^ tetl WSMSm .... M | SSS53ft|||Ss#S?* SSl^^^ B iW$Ps0M`"8"4*-v"*^i p vt'aH- v'"t*kV`aV4^introduced In Standsr d O i l Com ._._ ' X ''-' ,, ' > , Kftown ;.* chemical compound for year, tetramethyl l**4*f ~ -\ potential was not recognized until it as applied to modern fuels. :_ Several years ago, California Research Corporation, research sub- sidiary of Standard Oil Company of California, discovered'in the. S*S;0SM course of their antiknock additive research that tetramethyl lead- ^ ^ .' is superior to tetraethyl,"lead in high*octane, high aromatic con- * 1~ tent fuels. The high compression ratio para of today have higher cycle teaperatureo than'the older cars, and tetraethyl' lead '',>H breaks down too early in the cycle to give .maximum effectiveneaa.; 8 s m - The advantage of THL over TEL is pronounced in catalytlcally r#-7 vy formed stocks which are the heart of most modern high octane gaso* ' T,he decision to use TML commercially was based on exten- r, alve octane studies for each of Standard's major refineries plus ' 7 exhaustive toxicity and engine durability tests. Hundreds of octane deterBlpatlonawcre^made ln.both_3lngle-cyllnder knocktestenglnes, , ia. I" M W*r- Ti nrasg *>*t i *?r - % > m *rjj*?:,',***"r*,*h -*v ,~- *1^^<^v. .'** V w f ,.,foH m i.u) (iM 0t ei| t o 'c o ir o r ia i * !L . S01^ *100 8 n i th e.p ro m t "j i& . o f C alifornie'. te . ab le to W o l v ' i t ' St^nilr<l:011 C o p ^ j S I #. - r a a a s a L ^ a ^ ^ a s s a g g i a K * ** T *.* i' >1 S *^-^* t J ij&r J * *>i&<. r 9 i ' * * * j - - Se T ^i^i, V * * f t * -/ u-T nf<*r -< 1 JW***!? ^ 'C 1 !# r * k ''i m i k Af l e. \ i> ? g 1 * i*v>ii.. f ?i/.-K;;'-*W^^V"J1vfe I $ i'v *. * ^ 1 Attach,-Chart , > ' V* 'r - V r w fl> X' i $& V- msS. f 'v r'.-* `V' .'' r'i'r-j" ^*fSv^-vVn ViSrr, 'V "v.V.fj fis," - ,>,. -<v .-,***-' r,-e- ,: -'f. * f ri' " . -V r r'- *ir* 0 . : f % . . '.'Kj1.lr&***x. o i T ' u j ak**.M'"!, 'y t& t s r-.i A W . - '*<> V -i `v, ' > * ' ^ N ^ 2: 0 - ^ vv><iir.o ... ^ , . - A s , ,, f* ~x* > * *1S-* fcfrv1* Vr* \ V ; v 4 e.' > . ;; -, r V *:?$* t f f '" y ^ I M i ^ l M P f t ^ N T S LC' r / f nm MINIMUM ' - r**' .l'CMkuniittiFCiih*. IMPROVEMENT W0 mm if -p if v ' u i.1V `.h.,-,.'V M 1' *'rniV-'vT ' y tr .Si" W ,' V<* * . ^ ' - / < * jf $ S 1 M V'i / V ' ,Kn I WEST