Document 3eYbYBEraEpD0EdbjZnDKvRLa

Monsanto Monsanto Company 800 N. Lindbergh Boulevard St. Louis. Missouri 63166 Phone: (314) 694-1000 February 9, 1970 .ORGANIC CHEMICALS DMSION Dear Sirs Recently several newspaper and magazine articles have been published indicating that Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) have been discovered at some points in some marine, aquatic and wildlife environments. The quantities detected are said to be in the parts per million and parts per billion categories. It is claimed that the PCBs found strongly resemble chlorinated biphenyls containing 54% and 60% chlorine by weight. Products which are sold by Monsanto under the trade names of Aroclor 1254 and 1260 do contain chlorinated biphenyls. In addition to Aroclor 1254 and 1260, Monsanto sells certain functional fluids containing Aroclor 1254. These include Pydraul 625, Pydraul AC, Pydraul AC - Winter Grade, Pydraul 540, Thenninol FR-3 and certain dielectric formulations. Several other companies around the world also produce products containing chlorinated biphenyls. As your supplier of Aroclor 1254 and 1260 and formulated products containing 1254, we wish to alert you to the potential problem of environmental contamination as referred to in the newspaper and magazine articles. We would like to point out the following additional facts. 1. Products such as Pydraul 90, 135, 230, 312, A-200, F-9, 150 and 60, Turbinol 153 and Therminol FR-1 and FR-2 are not formulated with Aroclor 1254 or 1260. 2. PCBs with a chlorine content of less than 54% have not . been found in the environment and appear to present no potential problem to the environment. DSW 435191 1 STLCOPCB4088252 2 We have developed, and are now testing, new formulations to replace the Aroclor 1254 and 1260 components in our Pydraul products. The new products appear to be equal in performance and to have similar physical properties. We feel that all possible care should be taken in the applica tion, processing and effluent disposal of these products to prevent them becoming environmental contaminants. Of interest to you may be an article in Chemical Week, October 29, 1969 regarding water pollution standards set by each state in the Union. It is attached. This article reflects that good manu facturing practice in the future may require that no products used by any company should find their way into waterways. Sincerely yours. nlc Attachment Donald A. Olson Director of Sales Functional Fluids Group DSW 435192 STLCOPCB4088253 fiilfiiifll! Hmiirmri/ / OCTOBER BE, 1969 Environment / The huge water requirements of the chemical industrynow the nation's third largest user--make water quality and availability increasingly important factors for site selectors. Legislation enacted in recent years has forced planners to pay close attention to pollution control standards. All 50 states have had their water quality standards ap proved entirely or in part by the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration (FWPCA). Recently a state-by-state summary of key standards was put together for the first time. Surprisingly, it was not the FWPCA that did the job. Instead it was handled by an American Public Health Assn. (APHA) subcommittee headed by TVA Health Director F. E. Gartrell, assisted by the APHA Engineering and Sanitation Section. A portion of the study, covering standards for surface industrial water, is summarized in the tables starting on p. 80. Contrary to widely held opinions, there is considerable variation in state standards. Take the dissolved oxygen (DO) standard, for example. Minimum allowable DO (as milli grams per liter or percent saturation) is the single most impor tant standard to chemical site evaluators. As a rough rule of thumb, a 2-mg./I. standard is considered to be one industry can live with comfortably, while a 6.0 mg./l. value is pegged "extremely tough." California, Wyoming and Washington have set the stan dard at 6 mg./l. or higher. But a few states such as Con necticut, Maine, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Virginia and Wisconsin require 2 mg./l. or lower. Other standards--notably turbidity, taste, odor, color and solids--may also be important, depending upon the nature of the chemical plant's waste effluents. These standards also ex hibit state-by-state differences. Moreover, they are generally less specific than the straight numerical DO standards. Although chemical plant site experts see little point in "running from tough standards," the criteria do make a difference: Plans for two nonferrous metals plants in Puerto Rico are now on the shelf, because of standards that call for a 4.5 mg./l. DO, no wastes that interfere with the esthetics of the waters and other specifications. No compilation of ground water standards has yet been published. Ground water standards may prove important in the future as companies are forced to use costly deep-well dis posal for wastes. Availability of ocean waste disposal services is also looming more important. Waste Cost.: The price tag for pollution control is high. A recent FWPCA study on the organic chemicals industry esti mated that water waste-treatment facilities can increase in stalled capital equipment costs 40% or more. Between '69-'73, the organic chemical industry would have to shell out $182.5 million to remove 10% of its biological and chemical oxygen demand waste and 65% of its suspended solids. Removal lev els of 83%, 13% and 71%, respectively, for biologic oxygen de mand, chemical oxygen demand and suspended solids would require $242.6 million, while 98%, 30% and 89%, respectively, would up the ante to $608 million. Cleaner Air: Establishment of air quality standards is not nearly as far advanced as are water standards. The National Air Pollution Control Administration (NAPCA) is still desig nating regional air control regions. At last count, 16 regions had been formally designated and another 41 had been pro posed. NAPCA has issued air quality criteria and control ttechnology data for sulfur oxides and particulate matter, will follow with similar studies for other pollutants. Once criteria and control data have been issued for a pollu tant and control regions have been designated, a complicated process involving standards, hearings - and implementation and enforcement plans will be initiated that can take over a year to produce standards. So far, no firm sulfur oxide or particulate standards have emerged. But NAPCA's criteria for setting the standards sug gest they'll be tough. The oxide criteria report, for example, emphasizes that there are deleterious effects to man at con centrations as low as 0.04 ppm. NAPCA's control data reports present detailed appraisals of various methods and equipment, along with estimated costs. As in the case of water, the costs will be high, although some pollutants--mainly sulfur dioxide--will have recovery values. NAPCA is sponsoring a number of research projects to improve technology. Pollution control is being spurred by financial assistance programs (mandated by state law) now operative in the following 28 states: Arizona, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin and West Virginia. In addition, Pennsylvania offers financial aid sanctioned by administrative regulation. Several states, including Utah and Maryland have legislative studies under way. The incentives take a variety of forms. Most common are exemption from personal property taxes (e.g., Arkansas), fast depreciation (Arizona), exemption from ad valorem equip ment and structures taxes (Connecticut), exemption from lo cal taxes for stated period of time (New Hampshire), operating loss deductions (New York); credit against state in come tax (Oregon). Quantity: The large chemical complexes now in vogue make water--and lots of it--a major site criterion. The cooler the water is, the better, for it can reduce the investment in heat-exchange equipment. Occasionally, plants can manage on ground water, but usually surface water is required. That means location on or near the big, drought-resistant rivers. There are less than 200 rivers in the U. S. with minimum flows over 50 cu. ft. per second (CIV Oct. 5, '68, pp. 94-95). For companies whose plant needs at least 100 cu. ft/second, the. list numbers only 150 (excluding Alaska). Sea water is generally avoided because of high equipment corrosion costs. Piping water in is expensive. Duval, now opening a 1.5 mil lion tons/year sulfur mine in the arid Northwest area, was forced to install a 36-in., 38-mile-long water line and a 40- million-gal. reservoir. Cost of the water supply system hasn't been disclosed, but it is estimated that the tab was at least sev eral million dollars. The adequacy of domestic water resources in the year 2000 has recently been evaluated by the Geological Survey. Na tionally, projected demand will be 173% of potentially as sured supply. Only in three regions. New England, Ohio, and the South Atlantic Eastern Gulf, will future water require ments be easily met. Economic growth may be handicapped in nine regions: Eastern Great Lakes, Lower Mississippi, Up per Missouri-Hudson Bay, Lower Missouri, Western Gulf-- Rio Grande, Pecos, Colorado, Great Basin, and Central and South Pacific. - DSW 435193 79 STLCOPCB4088254 For the first time, a summary of water quality standards set by all 50 states. pH Allowable Temperature (F) allowable Increase Range Deviation Maximum above ambient Dissolved oxygen (minimum, mg./l. or %) Other Requirements Alabama 6.0-8.5 1.0 90* (24 hrs.) 93fl(any6 hrs.) 93 (cooling water) 10% 10 2.0 at 5 ft. or Radioactivity, Color, Taste and Odor, Toxic Substances: Only In middepth if less amounts that would not render waters unsuitable for industrial-, than 10 ft cooling and process-water supply purposes. Solids: Free from. waste materials that cause unsightly or putrescent conditions or interfere directly or Indirectly with industrial use. Alaska 7.0-6.0 0.5 70 ........ 5.0 ...... v Radioactivity: Not. to exceed limits of PHS Drinking Water Standards. Turbidity: No Imposed values that would interfere with established levels of treatment Color: True color less than 50 color units. Taste and Odor: Shall not unreasonably impair esthetic considerations. Solids: No dissolved solids above na tural conditions causing corrosion or scaling problems. No visible evidence of other floating solids or sludge deposits. No imposed sediment loads that would interfere with established treatment levels.* Toxic Substances: Chemical constituents should be below concentrations found to be of public health significance.* Arizona 6.5-S.6 0.5 93 __ ; Radioactivity: Not to exceed 1/30 of the MPC value given for continuous occupational exposure in NBS Handbook 69. Turbidity: 50 JCU (streams); 25 JCU (lakes). Color: Free from waste mate rials in amounts sufficient to change existing coior enough to interfere with industrial use or to create a nuisance. Taste and Odor: Free from wastes in amounts sufficient to produce enough taste and odor to create a nuisance or interfere with industrial use. Solids: Free from wastes that would be unsightly, putrescent, odorous or in amounts that would interfere with industrial use. Toxic Substances: Free from wastes toxic to human, animal, plant or aquatic life or in amounts that would interfere with Industrial use. Arkansas 6.0-9.0 1.0 (24 hrs.) 95 4.0 (average Radioactivity: "Rules and Regulations for the Control of Ionizing for any cross Radiation," Arkansas Board of Health, apply. Turbidity: No dis section) tinctly visible increases due to wastes. Colon Shall not be in creased to the extent that it interferes with industrial use, present or future. Taste and Odor: Must not cause offensive odors or otherwise Interfere with industrial use. Solids: No dis tinctly visible persistent solids, bottom deposits or sludge banks due to wastes. Toxic Substances: Must not be present In amounts toxic to human, animal, plant or aquatic life. California 6.5-S.6 7.0-8.6 (Coastal waters) 71.6** (fresh water) None that would cause ecological change or harm aquatic life (coastal waters)* 6.0 Coastal water: 5.0 (unless naturally lower) Radioactivity: Shall not exceed 1/10 of the MPCv values given for continuous occupational exposure in NBS Handbook 69. Turbidity: Free from wastes that could alter water's existing turbidity. Color: Free from substances attributable to wastes that produce detrimental color. Taste and Odor: No substances that impart foreign taste or odor. Solids: Dissolved solids in fresh water must not exceed 300 mg./l. at any time; annual mean: 175 mg./l. Settleable solids must not be able to change nature of stream bottom or harm aquatic environment. Toxic Substances: At ail times free from concentrations harmful to humans, aquatic life or wild or domestic animals. Colorado 5.0-9.0 -- 93 3.0 Radioactivity: Not to exceed 1/30 of the 168-hr.-week values in NBS Handbook 69. Turbidity: Must not interfere with estab lished levels of treatment. Color: Wastes present must not cause appreciable change in color or interfere with industrial use. Taste and Odor Free from wastes that cause odor or ap preciable change in taste. Solids: Free from wastes that are unsightly, putrescent or odorous or would interfere with use. Toxic Substances: Free from wastes in concentrations or com binations sufficient to harm human or animal life. Connecticut 6.0-9.0 -- Delaware 6.5-8.5 f Florida e.o-8.5 1.0 None unless it does not exceed re commended limits for in dustrial use 2.0 50%* or 4.0 4.0 Radioactivity: Limits to be approved by appropriate state agency. Turbidity, Color, Taste and Odor. None in such quanti ties that would impair industrial use. Solids: Limited to small amounts that may result from discharge of appropriately treated wastes. Toxic Substances: Free from chemical constitu ents in concentrations or combinations harmful to human, animal or aquatic life. Radioactivity: Alpha emitters limited to 3 pc/1.; beta emitters, to 1,000 pc/1. Color, Taste and Odor None in concentrations that cause color, taste or odor. Solids: Free from unsightly and malodorous nuisances due to floating solids or sludge de posits. Toxic Substances: None in concentrations harmful (syner- gistically or otherwise) to humans, fish, shellfish, wildlife or aquatic life. . Radiation: Gross beta--1,000 pc/1. (in absence of Sr-90 and alpha emitters). Turbidity: 50 JCU. Color: Must not render water unfit for industrial-cooling or process-water supply purposes. Taste: Must not render water unfit for Industrial use; phenols 0.001 maximum. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 1,000 mg./l.; monthly average: 500 mg./l. Must be free from floating wastes that are unsightly or deleterious or other wastes that settle to form putrescent or objectionable sludge deposits. Toxic Substances: Free from wastes harmful to human, animal or aquatic life. Cu, 0.5 mg./l.; Zn, 1.0; Cr, 0.05; Pb, 0.05; Fe, 0.3; As, 0-05; F, 10.0; Cn, none detectable. ' 80 DSW 435194 STLCOPCB4088255 ______ |rr____ * ~ .. ' - Dissolved pH Allowable Temperature (F) allowable oxygen * P SB! ' Increase (minimum -Range Deviation Maximum above ambient mg./l. or %) Other Requirements m Georgia 6.0-8.5 -- 93.2" 10 (above 2.5 Radioactivity: Must conform to state statutes. Turbidity, Color, intake) 3.0 (daily aver Taste and Odon Free from wastes that cause objectionable con age) ________ ditions or interfere with industrial use. Solids: Free from wastes that are unsightly, putrescent or otherwise objectionable or l would interfere with industrial use. Toxic Substances: Mo wastes In concentrations that would prevent fish survival or interfere with Industrial use. Hawaii 6.5-0.5 -- 4.5 " Radioactivity: Not to exceed 1/30 of the values given by NES Handbook 69. Turbidity: Free from soil particles from erosion caused by land development or agricultural use. Taste and Odor: Wastes, after dilution and mixture, must not interfere with In dustrial use. Toxic Substances: Free from substances In con centrations harmful to human, animal, or marine life or that make waters unsuitable for industrial use. .......... Idaho 6.5-9.0 -0.5 Illinois 5.0-9.0 -- 2 Only if water 68" or 75% _ (at sea- Radioactivity: Not to exceed limits of *62 PHS Drinking Water sonal low) Standards. Turbidity: No objectionable turbidity that can be traced to a point source. Solids: No floating or submerged mat ter: no sludge deposits that could adversely affect industrial 7 use. Toxic,Substances: No wastes of other than natural origin In concentrations of public health significance or that could adversely affect Industrial use. 95 2.0 - Color* Taste and Odor: Free from wastes that produce color, .3.0 (for 16 hrs. OC|0r or taste In such a degree as to create a nuisance. Solids: In any period) 24-hr. Free from floating wastes that settle and form unsightly, dele terious or putrescent deposits. Toxic Substances: Free from wastes In concentrations or combinations harmful to human, animal, plant or aquatic life. Indiana 5.0-9.0 -- 95 1.0 2.0 (daily averraaggee.) Color, Taste and Odon Free from wastes that produce color, taste or odor in such a degree as to create a nuisance. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 1,000 mg./l.; monthly aver age. 750 mg./l. Must be free from unsightly, putrescent, dele terious or otherwise objectionable wastes. Toxic Substances: Free from wastes In concentrations or combinations harmful to human, animal, plant or aquatic life. Iowa - Color, Taste and Odor: Free from wastes that produce color, taste or odor in such a degree as to be detrimental to industrial use. Solids: Free from floating wastes in amounts that would be unsightly or deleterious or other wastes that settle to form putrescent or objectionable sludge deposits. Toxic Substances: No wastes in concentrations or combinations detrimental to human, animal or aquatic life or to industrial use. Kansas 6.5-9.0 -- 90* 4.0* Turbidity: No increase that causes substantial visible contrast with natural appearance or that is detrimental to industrial use. Color: Discharges of color-producing substances limited to con centrations not detrimental to industrial use. Taste and Odor: Concentrations limited to those that would not result in notice able offensive odors or otherwise interfere with industrial use. Solids: Free from floating debris or material in amounts that would be unsightly or detrimental to industrial use. Toxic Sub stances: Poliutional substances must be maintained below cuncentrations detrimental for industrial use. Kentucky 5.0-9.0 -- 95" &rc- 2"/hr 10/day Color, Taste and Odor: Wastes must not create a nuisance. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 1,000 mg./l.; monthly average: 750 mg./l. No floating wastes in unsightly or dele terious amounts; no other wastes that settle to form putrescent or objectionable sludges. Toxic Substances: No wastes in con centrations or combinations harmful to human, animal, plant or aquatic life. . Louisiana 6.0-9.0 -- 96.8" 5.4" 50% Radioactivity: Specific limits set for all radioactive Isotopes re leased as waste. Solids: None that would produce floating masses, sludge banks or beds on bottom, either organic or In organic. Toxic Substances: No wastes In concentrations or com binations harmful to animal or plant life. Maine 6.0-9.0* 0.6* 90"* 2.0* Radioactivity: Not to exceed *62 PHS Drinking Water Standards. Turbidity, Color, Taste and Odon Free from wastes that impart turbidity, color, taste or odor or impair industrial use. Solids: Free from sludge deposits, solid refuse and floating solids. Toxic Substances: No chemical constituents from waste sources harmful to humans or that adversely affect industrial use. Maryland 5.0-9.0 (unless natural) -- 100" 4.0 (unless naturally lower) Color, Taste and Odor Free from waste materials that change existing color or produce taste and odor to such a degree as to create a nuisance or interfere with Industrial use. Solids: Free from wastes that float, settle to form deposits, create a nuisance or interfere with industrial use and are unsightly, pubescent or odorous. Toxic Substances: Free from toxic wastes that interfere with Industrial use or that are harmful to human, plant, animal or aquatic life. . 'Massachusetts .0-9.0 ........... a* r q -- 90* '-V-V . . : . : 2.0 Radioactivity: None In concentrations harmful to human, animal or aquatic life. Turbidity, Color, Taste and Odon None in con centrations that would impair industrial use. Solids: None al lowed except that which may result from the di&chatge from waste-treatment facilities providing appropriate treatment. Toxic Substances: None in concentrations or combinations harmful to human, animal or aquatic Ufa. - 81 ...........- *- DSW 435195 STLCOPCB4088256 Water quality standards ....... *HR& pH Allowable Temperature (F) allowable118oxiygieiTnOlXBBI^ffm^a ,- j- Increase - ' ' {minimum ~ . Range Deviation Maximum above ambient mg./L. or %) aasgsaisfai Other Requirements Michigan 6.5-B.8 0.5 -to* Enough to pre Radioactivity: Standards to be established when information .vent nuisance is available on deleterious effects. Turbidity, Color: No objec tionable unnatural turbidity or color In quantities sufficient to Interfere with Industrial use. Taste and Odor: Below levels that are or may become Injurious to industrial use. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 750 mg./l.; monthly average: 509 m No floating solids or objectionable deposits in quantities that * would interfere with Industrial use. Toxic Substances: limited ' to concentrations less than those that are or may become injurious to this use. - Minnesota 6.0-9.0 -- ' 86 Mississippi 6.0-8.S 1.0 93 10 Missouri 6.5-9.0 -- 90 9 (average of cross section) 3.0 4.0* Color, Taste and Odor, Solids: Free from wastes that cause ' nuisance conditions, such as material discoloration, obnoxious ` odors, significant floating solids, excessive suspended solids or sludge deposits. . - Color, Taste and Odor: Free from wastes that produce color or odor in such degree as to create a nuisance. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 1,500 mg./l.: monthly average 750 mg./l. Must be free from floating wastes that settle to form unsightly, deleterious, objectionable or putrescent deposits. Toxic Substances: No wastes in concentrations or combinations harmful to human, animal or aquatic life. Radioactivity: Gross beta: 1,000 pc/1. (in absence of Sr-90 and alpha emitters). Sr-90: 10 pc/1. Dissolved Ra-226: 3 pc/1. Colon Wastes must not cause substantial visible contrast with natural appearance of stream or interfere with industrial use. Taste md Odor: Limited to concentrations that would not result in notice able offensive odors or otherwise interfere with industrial uso. Solids: No noticeable organic or inorganic deposits or floating materials in unsightly or deleterious amounts. Toxic Substances: Concentrations not detrimental to industrial use or toxic to humans, fish, wildlife. F:1.2. Montana 6.S-9.5 0.5 No adverse change Radioactivity: Not to exceed '62 PHS Drinking Water Standards. Turbidity: Must not interfere with established levels of treat ment. Color, Taste and Odor: Water shall foe maintained in con dition not offensive to sense of sight or smell. Solids: No floatlng solids and sludge deposits in amounts deleterious to indus trial use: no sediments or settleable solids that affect treatment levels. Toxic Substances: Amounts present must not adversely affect industrial use. Nebraska 6.5-9.0 1.0 90 Nevada 65-8.5 Annual median: 7.4-8.3 -- 77.0 {summer) (winter) 5 (MayOct.) 10(Nov.Apr.) Rate: 2/hr. 5.0 5.0 6.0 (average, June-SepQ Radioactivity: Must conform with Radiological Health Regula tions (1st- ed.). State of Nebraska, '66. Turbidity: No more than 10% increase above normal level. Color: No evidence of matter that creates nuisance conditions. Taste and Odor: Less than amounts that would degrade water quality for industrial use; phenol: 0.001 mg./l. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 1,500 mg./l. No more than 20% increase (limit 100 mg./l.) from any point source. No waste solids that permit deposi tion or are deleterious to industrial use. Toxic Substances: None In concentrations or combinations that would render water un suitable for industrial use. Radioactivity: Limited to 1/10 of the 168-hr.-week values in NBS Handbook 69. Turbidity, Color, Taste and Odor: Free from wastes in amounts sufficient to change existing turbidity or cofor enough to create a nuisance or interfere with industrial use, or to produce taste or odor in the water. Solids: Free from floating or other wastes that settle to form sludge banks or deposits in amounts that would be unsightly or odorous or interfere with industrial use. Toxic Substances: Free from wastes in concentrations or combinations toxic to human, animal, plant or aquatic life or that Interfere with industrial use. . NewHampshire 6.0-8.5 (unless natural) 90 No increase that would interfere with this use* 5.0 Turbidity, Color, Taste and Odor: None in objectionable amounts. Solids: No floating solids or sludge deposits in objectionable amounts. Toxic Substances: None in toxic concentrations or combinations. New Jersey 6.5-S.5 (unless natural) 87* (unless natural) 5 (up to 87) VK * 4.0* * Turbidity* Solids: None noticeable in water or deposited along shore. Color* Taste and Odor: None that are offensive to humans or detrimental to aquatic biota. Toxic Substances: None that would affect humans or be detrimental to aquatic biota. New Mexico .6-8.6 -- Must not pollute or make water unfit for this use No oxygen demand that would cause pollution Radioactivity: Not greater than 1/10 of the 48-hr. value in NBS Handbook 69. Turbidity: Shall not cause substantial visible contrast with natural appearance. Color: Should hot create an estheticaliy undesirable condition. Taste and Odor: No odors, other than of natural origin, that are estheticaliy objectionable or obnoxious. Solids: No objectionable floating solids or debris and sediment that significantly alter properties of bottom. Toxic Substances: No amounts toxic to humans, plants, fish, animals. New York 6.0-9.5 -- 86 5 (average 7 days) Rate: 2Vhr. 9724 hrs. 3.0 Colon No colored wastes that alone or in combinations snake water unsuitable for Industrial use. Solids: No floating or settle- able solids or sludge deposits that are readily visible and at tributable to wastes. Toxic Substances: None alone or in com binations that would impair industrial use. i i I DSVV 435196 STLCOPCB4088257 Water quality standards .... - ->. "^ * Dissolved;. _ ," *rr,` _ pH Allowable Temperature (p) allowable oxygen ** 1 *~**'*~J*' - Range t-evlatlon 'Maximum `aboveamhient INorth CarolinaNormal -- - for area, TM r~ usually " 95"+ 7 mB'./lTor'^ 3.0 v ,, as low as * ",, .. 4.3 in swamps North Dakota 6.0-9.0 (I 0.5 93" 10" 3.0 5.0 (for L6 hrs./day) Ohio 5.0-9.0 -- 95" Oklahoma e.5-8.5 93" 1.0 2.0 (daily average} 4.0 Oregon e.s-9.0 2" (only if water 70" less) 5.0 f Pennsylvania 6.0-9.0 -- 93" 2"/hr. 5.0 (dally average) Other Requirements Color: Must not render water unfit for industrial cooling. Solids: ..Must nott after dilution and mixture, make water unfit for Indus' trial cooling. Toxic Substances: Must not make water unfit for industrial cooling. ;...... Radioactivity: No discharge allowed unless materials are readily soluble or dispersible and of quantities acceptable to state health department. Color, Taste and Odor: No wastes that color water or result in objectionable odors to a degree that Impairs Indus* trial use. Solids: No unsightly floating wastes that would ad versely affect industrial use or wastes that settle to form pu* trescent or objectionable deposits. Toxic Substances: No con centrations or combinations harmful to human, animal or aquatic life. Color, Taste and Odor: Free from wastes that produce color or odor to a degree that creates a nuisance. Solids: Dissolved : solids must not exceed 1,000 mg./l.; monthly average: 750 mg./l. Must be free from floating or other wastes that settle to form putrescent or objectionable deposits or that are unsightly or deleterious. Toxic Substances: No wastes in concentrations or combinations harmful to human, animal or aquatic life. Radioactivity: Average concentration at points of controlled release shall not exceed State Board of Health Radiation Pro tection Regulations. Turbidity: None that causes visible contrast with natural conditions. Colon None that is persistent in con centrations detrimental to industrial use. Taste and Odor: No concentrations that would cause offensive odors In vicinity of water or otherwise interfere with industrial use. Solids: Free from floating debris, bottom deposits or other materials. Toxic Substances: None in quantities that make water toxic to human, animal, plant or aquatic life. Radiation: Shall not pose external hazard. Turbidity: 5 JCU above natural. Color, Taste and Odor: No objectionable discoloration or conditions esthetically offensive to human senses of taste or smell. Solids: No floating solids, organic or inorganic deposits injurious to industry. Toxic Substances: No conditions injurious to public health. Color, Taste and Odor: No wastes that produce colors, tastes or odors in.amounts harmful to industrial use. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 750,mg./l.; monthly average: 500 mg./l. No floating wastes or substances that settle to form sludge in amounts harmful to industrial use. Toxic Substances: None in amounts harmful to industrial use, . Rhode Island 6.0-8.5 -- 4" 3.0* Radioactivity, Toxic Substances: No concentrations or comblna- 5.0+ (16 hrs./ tions harmful to human, animal or aquatic life. Turbidity, Taste day) and Odon None jn concentrations that would impair industrial use. Solids: No solid refuse, floating solids or sludge deposits. South Carolina 6.0-8.5 K 5.0-5.5 (swamps) } South Dakota 6.0-9.5 l.o 93 2"+ 10* - . ' -- Tennessee 6.0-9.0 l.o (24 93' hrs.) 10 Rate: .. 3/hr. 3.0* 2.5* (swamps) Turbidity, Color, Taste and Odori Free from wastes that change the existing turbidity or color or that produce taste or odor to such a degree as to cause a nuisance or interfere with industrial use. Solids: None from waste sources in amounts that are un* sightly, putrescent, odorous or that cause a nuisance or interfere with industrial use. Toxic Substances: Free from wastes harmful to human, animal, plant or aquatic life or that interfere directly or indirectly with Industrial use. -- Radioactivity: None permitted in water unless readily soluble or dispersible and in quantities allowed by federal or state agencies. Color, Taste and Odon No wastes that produce mate rial discoloration or undesirable odors. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 2,000 mg./ 1. No wastes producing floating solids, sludge deposits or other offensive effects. Toxic Sub stances: None in concentrations toxic to human, animal or aquatic life. Enough to pro- Radioactivity: None that could adversely affect industrial use. vent. offensive Turbidity, Color: None in amounts or concentrations that could conditions not foe reduced to acceptable levels by conventional treatment. Taste and Odor: None that would result in taste or odor that would prevent use for industrial processing. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 500 mg./l. No distinctly visible solids, bottom deposits or sludge banks that could be detrimental to industrial use. Toxic Substances: None that produces toxic conditions that would adversely affect water for Industrial use. Texas 5.0-8.5 S.0-9.0 (cooling water) 4.0 Radioactivfty: Regulated by Texas Radiation Control Act and Texas Regulations for Control of Radiation. Turbidity: No sub stantial increase due to wastes. Colon No substantial visible contrast with natural appearance of receiving waters after wastes receive best practical treatment. Taste and Odon No concentrations that produce offensive odors. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 1,000 mg./l., unless water used only for cooling. Must be essentially free from floating or settteable suspended solids that would adversely affect industrial use. Toxic Substances: Shall not show acute or chronic toxicity to humans, animals or aquatic life to such an extent as to Inter fere with industrial use. 84 DSW 435197 STLCOPCB4088258 Water quality standards *aw. *: Dissolved f pH Allowable Temperature (f) allowable oxygen Increase {minimum Range Deviation Maximum above ambient mg./l. or %) Other Requirements Utah 6.5-9.0 . Radioactivity: Shall not exceed 1/30 of MPC values for con tinuous occupational exposure in NBS Handbook (jf). Turbidity, Color: No wastes In amounts that would change existing turbidity or color enough to create public nuisance or interfere with - Industrial use, Taste and Odor: No wastes in amounts that would produce taste or odor. Solids: No floating wastes that are un* sightly dr that Interfere with Industrial use; no wastes that settle to form unsightly or odorous sludge or bottom deposits. ; : Toxic Substances: No wastes in concentrations or combinations toxic to human, animal, plant or aquatic life or that would interfere with industrial use. Vermont 6.0-8.5 -- 3S.0O** Y16 hrs / Radioactivity: To be approved by appropriate state agency. V `' Turbidity, Color, Taste and Odor: None in concentrations that . would impair industrial use. Solids; No floating solids, sludge deposits or solid refuse. Toxic Substances: No chemical con stituents In concentrations or combinations harmful to human, animal or aquatic life. 'A, Virginia 5.0-9.0 (swamps as low as 4.3) 95* (unless No sudden 1.0* naturally changes that 2.0* (daily higher) ... could harm average! * aquatic life ' Colgr, Taste and Odor: No wastes that change existing color or produce odor to Such a degree as to create a nuisance or interfere with industrial use. Solids: No floating Wastes that are unsightly or create a nuisance or other wastes that settle to form unsightly, putrescent or odorous deposits. Toxic Sub* stances: No wastes in concentrations or combinations that would interfere directly or Indirectly with industrial use. Washington ,5-6.5 0.5 70* t 110/ 6.5 or 70% Radioactivity, Toxic Substances: Below concentrations that could <T-15)f adversely affect industrial use. Turbidity: Less than 10 JCU over natural conditions. Color, Taste and Odor, Solids: Dissolved, suspended, floating or submerged matter shall not reduce esthetic values so as to affect industrial use. West Virginia Process water: 5.5-9.0 . Cooling water. 5.0-9.0 Wisconsin 6.0-9.0 Cooling water: 93 (May- 5 Nov) Rate: 73 (Dec.- 2/hr. Apr.) (Dec.-Apr.) Process water must permit fish passage 0.5 89 1.0 2.0 (dally average; 1.0 2.0 (daily average) Color: None that is objectionable. Taste and Odor: No objection* able odors in vicinity of the water. Solids: No distinctly visible floating, settieable or suspended solids of unreasonable kind or quantity. No objectionable bottom deposits or sludge banks. Toxic Substances: No concentrations of materials poisonous to human, animal or flsh life. Color, Taste and Odor: No materials producing color, taste or odor in amounts that would create a nuisance. Solids: Dis solved solids must not exceed 1,000 mg./l.; daily average: 750 mg./I. No floating or submerged debris or waste substances that would cause objectionable deposits in amounts to create a nuisance. Toxic Substances: None in concentrations or com* binations toxic to humans or of public health significance. Wyoming 6.S-8.5 4 2 (for streams where temp, not over 70) 6.0 Radioactivity: Not to exceed 1/30 of NBS Handbook 69 values. Turbidity: No more than 15 JCU above natural (when turbidity is 150 JCU or less); otherwise, no more than 10% above natural. Color: Essentially free of wastes that visibly alter natural color of water or impart color to vessels or structures. Taste and Odor: Essentially free from substances that would produce detectable odor at site of use. Solids: Essentially free from floating or settieable solids that are unsightly or settle to form sludge, bank or bottom deposits. Toxic Substances: Free from toxic substances In concentrations or combinations toxic to human, animal or aquatic life. * Standard reserved from Federal Water Pollution Control Administration approval. . _ .. . . ftTM total cumulative heat addition allowed from unnatural waste sources, at any point throughout the given stream reach. T -- highest occurring temperature for a given period, in a specific stream reach. ,, ... Abbreviations: PHS--Public Health Service; NBS--National Bureau of Standards; JCU--Jackson Candle Units; pc/1.--picocuries per liter. Source: Water Quality Standards of the United States, Territories, and the District of Columbia, American Public Health Assn., Subcom mittee on Water Quality Control, and Engineering and Sanitation Section. . -' Note: Specific limits for coliforms, biologic oxygen demand, plant nutrients, oil, grease, scum, bottom deposits, pesticides, specific con ductance, carbon chloroform extract, synthetic detergents not included. Some states set standards for each stream reach or river basin; in such cases, table shows least stringent requirement. This reprint is an excerpt from the "Plant Sites, '69" report that appeared in the October 29, 1969 issue of CHEMICAL WEEK Copyright 1969 McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, N.Y. This article may not be reproduced without permission. DSW 435198 86 STLCOPCB4088259