Document 3eB7DG8OEYY86BGE3qLG8dNG6

; NATIONAL CENTRE EHACZOATRODXOIUCSOLOGY & SUBSTANCES ARR26 - 1238 on | yd a" REVIEW OF OCCURRENCE AND HAZARDS OF PERFLUOROALKYLATED SUBSTANCES IN THE UK Ny N\ pm A NON-CONFIDENTIAL OVERVIEW com 2 July 2001 yd ~ Fon = 5% 3s 30 3 CONTAIN NO CR] . 000437 E06004ns REVIEW OF OCCURRENCE AND HAZARDS OF PERFLUOROALKYLATED SUBSTANCES IN THE UK A NON-CONFIDENTIAL OVERVIEW Research Contractor: `This document was produced under contract by: Peter Fisk Associates 9, St Swithin's Road. Whitstable KCeTnSt2HT Tel/fax: 01227779 166 Environment Agency's Project Manager NSatteivoenDaulnCgeentyre for Ecotoxicology and Hazardous Substances Environment Agency Chemicals Assessment Section Isis House, Howbery Park, Wallingford 0X10 8BD, UK Fax: +44 (0)1491 828556 2 000438 5106a0r6o4o2s60ss = CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 2. INTRODUCTION 5 3. 3B.1ACKOvGerRvOieUwNofDreAguNlaDtoSryCaOctPivEity 6 6 32 Chemistry overview 33 Substance typesof interest in this project 9 10 4. 4M1ETHOvOerDvSiew 12 12 42 Industry research 43 Substance data 12 15 5. USE PATTERN 5.1 Overview of Market 17 17 52 53 Production of PFAS Highly fluorinated substances outside the main emphasis 2 23 of this study 6. PR 6.1 OPPhEyRsiTcoYchDemAiTcaAl property data 25 2 62 Degradation data 63 Ecotoxicology data 26 2 7. 7P.1ROJGEenCerTalEeVvaAlLuaUtiAonTION 33 33 7.2 Any aspectsof the specification not fulfilled, and why 33 8. RECOMMENDATIONS 34 9. REFERENCES 36 Appendix 1: US REGULATORY ACTIVITY 38 Appendix 2: TRIFLUOROACETIC ACID 4 Appendix 3: APPLICATIONS OF PFAS 43 Appendix 4: TRADE ASSOCIATIONS CONTACTED 60 Appendix 5: WHAT IS IN THE PROJECT RECORD 61 Appendix 6: CATEGORY 1 AND 1a SUBSTANCES 63 3 000439 Exosoeszr 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY `sThoimsestoufdyitshacshebmeiecnalpeprrfoodrumcetds atshaatrecsopntoanisne ftuolltyh-efldueocriisniaotneodfatlhkeyl3gMrocupsofrmomtptohpeahamasnrekoeytu.t ``Wshuiblssttancseesvearreeveeffreycptesrosfisttheenste, saunbdsttahnecreesfooren tthhee peoatvenitrioanlmeexnitsthsavfoer nlootngbe-etnemideefnfteicftisedt,o tbhee.. scuabussteadn.ceTsh,eanEdnvoifrotnhmeenpotssAigbleencryespnoenesdess (0 of be the informed about market to 3M's the properties of decision. Whilst such most athtitsenstuiobnsthaanscebeiesnofnoecuosfseadfparmeivliyouosflysuobnstpaenrcfelsu,oraonodctatnheesreulafroeniccoamcpiedtiatnodr iptrsosdaulctsts(PoFnOSt)h,e market view. which also include fluorinated alkyl groups; the present report takes amuch broader ``aTnhde paupbplricolaychavtaoiltahbeleressoeuarrccehs.hTashebewehnolteo sguaptphleyrcdhaatianffrroommreigmuploarttoerrys aauntdhoprritoideusc,ecrsomtpharnoiuegsh 0 to usersofthese some extent, bseucbasutsaenctehserheasarbeeeant cleoavsetre1d0.0T0h0e0scsoubpsetoafntchese wpirtohjechtighhalsy-hfaudortionabteedlimailtkyeld garroouupnsd kthneow3nMintyCpheemoifcparlodAubcstt,raacntds.aTlshoeamaniunmbeemrphoafsiosthhearsibmepeonrioanntthteekcihnnodlsoogfiesc;hedmeissptirtye athuitshorliitmiietsatfiorno,m oattheleracsotun1t0r0ie0s hsuabvsetlainscteesdarcoanundbe20id0esnutibfsiteadncweist.hin the scope. Regulatory `The sector is rangeof end characterised uses, mostly by of applications low tonnage. oTfhtehseePcFoOvSertmypaensyurifnadcutsatnrtise,s,wistohmea very with wide high n`peoetednttoialfofcourseonvnitrhoenmiemnptoarlteerxspaosnudrep.roTdhuecreerfso.rTeh,earneyarceonttrraodles atshsaolcimaitgihotnsbienrtehqiusisreecdtowro,ubludt nisoanlemroesptrensoenptuibnlgicallyl pavraoidluabcleerdsAa.tapafrotritcuhleasrocsauubssetafnocresc, oin nreiscpsetechtaort,faepnavritrfornommentPaOlSf,atethaerned. effects. 3Mhas lCeofm;p3anMiitesselafrehadsevneoltolpeifntgthneeswecptroorduencttisr,elayn.dInotthheersabasreenctreoyifnsgitgonimfoicvaentiantmooutnhetsgaopf dvataa, elstiihmaalsdebseaoefntneencvieisrsooanrmienlnytallimiftaeted.and effects properties have been calculated, although `The can project has developed be understood. There an is esxitgneinfsiicvaentfrmaemdeiwaorinkteirneswthiicnhthfeutuarreead,evaenldopnmeewntdsatiant,haiss area they `emerge, will need tobeinterpreted carefully. `The and project farther has stimulated responses are considerable interest among expected over forthcoming relevant months, industries and organisations, particularly afer interested sgereokupfsuhrathveerhwaadysotpo epnocorurtatguoetrnheaeidittnhydeursetpotrryot.cIot misenfeocrewsasradrywfiotrhtuhseedEanvtiaraonndmpernotpAegretnycdyattao, epsrteafbelriasbhlyhtohwromuugchhsonmeew nperowperretpyredsaetnataatrieonraelqcuhiarnedneflosr. aAtsutfhfaitcisetnatgeunidtesrhsotualnddibneg poofsstihbelefattoe and effects. A full confidential Project Recordhasbeenprodtouacccomepadny this report. 000440 EID6G0K6040298068 - 2. INTRODUCTION mInarMkeatying20o00f,petrhfeluUoSroocctoamnpyalncyhe3miMcalasn.noTuhnceedaffitectweads phasing products out its production and of highest commercial tsuilegtrnimimefaditcePaFndcOeeSgr)aa.rdeaTtthiheoonsPeFprbOoaSdsueicdotnsonoarrteshaepletpsrefrmlfauloyurooraolocsotocbatneaynlpyrlseusslueflnoftnoinacyslaacgnirdoiumapp,nudroifittyswhisinalctthshet(hcceoolmplmreeicnrtcicivipeaallly oopnvroetdrhuectthfsei.nmdPaiemnrgfmolaufloriaiwaninadteetdosxpsircuiebtsaytd.anlCceoerwstlaaeirvneelfvleouroyrcipnearctseidstuiecnnotrmb,ipaoonrtudanatdehnsednhphhauavcmseae-nteohsue,tpadonetdceinstsiioaomlnewtqoausedsebtpailsoeentdse osfuzigbohsntteia,nngctefhsooaumagsrh.e Couotsnheesdreqieunnevanitrvloaynrtmiheeetnryteaoilfseaafpfnpelciitncstaetarirnoeanotsi,fomniaonlcrlceuodlilcnaogbnocrfeaotroindveicnoefntfthoaircsttiwnmoarptkle.arcieaPlFtsOoSap-rnboddausfcieerd.e arisk assessment ofPFOS and its derivatives. Ta3ednMdgitthiisso.no,Ttthheetrrheee aaorrneelayalsncouomvmabpreairnoouysfwrtieytlphaetsaeodfccosomummbmesertraccniciaealltihcnatotemrcepasontudniendgsrthawidisetghtrodoigufipfveeroefantspuecbrasfrtlbauononcreicsn.haatieIndn psruobdsutcatn.cesWh(iPlsFtASt)hearree isa used liinmaitweiddneurmabnegreofopfrroadwucmtastecroivaelrisnugppalinerusm,bpeerrfolfuoarpopallikcyatliaotnesd oarevpevlrearscyeevmdeeirnvatlerwisnoeduurlsadtnbrgyeesveoecfrtoyrahsp.palTridhcaettiouonfniisnq,du.eanTpdhreopiecnrotsnioecmseoemfoopvfeerrtfhlteuhsoeerpoahcanasrebe-ofonfuesctotgiifvveepentrohfnle-umfolraupoolorcaiincaaentyeildn chemistry substances is that the exkibiting asusbismtialnacreshazmairgdhtprsofiimlpe.lyItbeis replaced with also important ottoherrevhiiegwhlwyhaftl,uoriifnaantye,d ecotoxicological effects thesesubstancesexert. spItoatimsteepmoohsafsvitebhlbeeetephneartffplleaurgofgrleoudoocrdtouaanrlyik!nyglsauttbhesedtOasnSucbPessAtaaRnncdpersbiooefrcidtoiimfsfaeteiproreninotprirctohiceaesisnsfolroennagsttshheesssbsmahesoinustldo(fafnoQdlSliAonwRd)ete.hde oTnhtehoAsgeetnhcaytatrheearevfaoirleabrleequoinrtesheaUrKevmiaerwkoeft.this whole groupofsubstances, with an emphasis c`oWnhsiildeetrhaetifooncuwsiolfltbheisgisvteundytoisottohebre broader context. folnuopreirnfaltuecdrooarlgkaynliscofchtehmeic`aPlFsOSto-tpylpaece, some (limited) the study in a 5 000441 EID6G0K6040299069 - 3. BACKGROUND AND SCOPE 3.1 Overview of Regulatory Activity 311 United StatesofAmerica `Thefull background is giinvAppeendnix 1. iTnhiteialTloyxiincterSsutbesdtainncpeesrlCuoonrtirnoalteAdccthem(iIcSaClsA,)beIcnatuesrea:gency Testing Committee (ITC) was TTbhiheoearccecauirsmbupolonat-etTniutooinra.linfeorlboonngd-irsahniggehlaytmsoasbplheearnidctrlaikneslpyotrot,pepresrissits.tence, biocorcentration, and * Texhpeorseuraerse, ofrohwupmuabnliecxlpyosauvraeislable data on ecological effects, heath effcts, wildife tAl{o1t) gMoefaase3sp9ue2rrtfeploduhtoebrnitieoincaaolirnleycdepcnehtrersmitsiitcoeannltdsa)cfthoaermfiowcrha7il3cshpwotathsenItiTidaeClnltnyiefpiceedrdssi(sotfenwthicchehmi5c0alcsouwkidthbeesgtriomuapteedd (b2i)ocoUnsceenatrnadtieoxnpfoascutroers d(aBtaCFf)or>1207070,potentially exposedns, persistent chemicals with no use and (((543))) UTMsoSerCaeAnsupdeseceixfainpcdueosxespdaontusduarreoexedpraots5au8rfpeoodrtae2tn9tapifoaotlerlnyt1pi4eaprlosltiyesntpetenirtaslidlsyyteepsneatrnspidesstpteiincgitmcdeehnectmhsiecmailcsal,s,and Tinhcelu1d2e cshtermucitcuarlaslltyharte:lated perflaorinated chemicals from TSCA section 8(e) submissions i.ii.AAtreeppreessteinctiidehacutmivaenianngrdedaineinmtas.lblood. iivi..ACraeusmeettaubmooliutressaondtfhdev3e8loppemrefnlutoarlintaotxeidccihteinmyiacnailmsatlhasttusdaiteiss,fythe DEBTS criteria pc(OarEnloPldeAuMdc)a"tsy3p.Me1r7lHaunocnwr2oeo0uvo0nce0ct,readnfyoit!lthlaostiwusliitfnogwwnooanurteletgdoh(t"iPvaFnotOolitSuoin)nntsgacrwhiielttymhh"iatsptthhreatyshUeeuSsoeuEdEtnPtvaAoinrdporhnioamndeddunctseaaulbi&setPaiwrdtiouytdteeecstsrfimoaognnlg(eeAhdgeoefvnoacfcuty. epvearlfulaatoiroono.ctanesulfonic acid and its potassium, lithium and ammonium sas for in-depth SwOuhnbesnOtcaEtnocPbeAesrpCr1o8ontp2ro0osl0ed0Aatchtseig(fniTisSftiCcpAah)nats(ne5o)e.fwrBeuesgceualuraustleoert(yhSeaNcpUtriRoo)npowusinetddherrrueslseepcetcwitoonutloSdP8Fd2eO)sSigownfaattseheecneTaroctrtateiedn cmhaenmuifcaacltusruibnsgtaanncdesitmhpaotrtwingoacbtueivciotliveesradedsibgynitfhiicsaancttnieonwwuseo, npeoursbonelssuhbjadecstolteolhy eprmolcees.s the. 5 0004 42 EID6a0K6x400390070 312 OECD TPhFeOSOEaCnDd,itwsistahltts,hewUhiSchaswtihle bleeadfoclol-oowreddinabtyoras rairsekcaasrsreysisnmgeonuttoancheaztahred iansfsoersmsamteinotn oifs a`vmaaidlea,blael,thDoeucgihsiinodnisviwdiulalltchoeunntbreietsakmeanyotnaktehteheniereodwfnoraictnitoenm.ational risk management to be 313 Canada Otnhe JCuannead1i0a2n00G0o,vuesrinnmgepnt orequsiwertedd.eowinnrdiusnttsrhyetoCapnraodviiadne EdnavtiaroonnmecnerttaalinPrpoetrefcltuioornoaAlcktyl19a9n9d, Tmaunourfoaacltkuyrlinsgu,bsitamnceps,ootrhreeitxrpiodrentriivgnagtimvoerse atnhdan p1o0l0kymgeorfssu(4c)h.suTbhsitsanrceeqsui(rwehdethaenryalpoenresoonr Einnv2irmoinxmteunrte)ofsduurcihngacttihveitpyberyioJduly191917, 2t0o0020a0n0tdoinpclruosviivdee dtaotanoctoinfycetrhiengMiunsiespteartteomf atnhde environmental effects by Septembe7r 2000. "Tshubestlastncoefssuebsmtabncresao2fc2cciloannscseegsnoifs sPeFtoAuSt.inItScsthedhuflaeru1mo0srtheeenoxtitcee.nTtshhiaisnvltihset ildiestntpiufbileids1h8e2d pbeyrflutohrecalUkySlEsuPlfAonatceosn.taiTnihneg,dataforrequcexsatmpelxec,lude1s9 cecrtoaminpoculnasdssesoufndPeFrASthien pcaarttiecguolrayr Cpehrlfolruoofrloucoarrobcoanrsbo(nPsF(CCSF),Csh)y,drhoyfdlruoocrholeotrhoefrtsur(oFcaErb)onasn(dHpCeFrCfSl)uo,rhoayldkreonfelupoorloycmaerrbsonisn(cHluFdCi)n,g polytetraflvorocthylenc). "oTnhethdeetnaaltsuorfe,thleevdela,tasocuarlcleinanadredessettionuattiionn Socfhteraddueld2esutbotsthaenncoetsicase.weIlnlfoarsmdaattiaonoinstrheequ"ifraetde 2GentdaTlsevoefs tinh,eapnedrscifsfteecntcse,on,bihouamcacnumsu,lnatoino-nhuomfaninohrergeanntistmosxiocrittyheofentvhierosnumbesntta"n,ceisn.cluTdhiinsg i{onxfiocrmoaratiroencai pabbelienogfubseccdotmoiansgsetsosxiwcahentdhwerhtheesautbnsdhthanoecwestroorcotnhterocllatshseesseosfubssutbasntcaensces arc D1i5s9cusarseionrsecwoigtnhistehde CaasnabdeiianngEPinA Ciandniacdaitaenthactoomfmetrhece1.82PsFubAsStanacreesonnottherepCoarntaeddiafnolibste, `dmiasncuufsasciotnusredUainmaCranyad2s0,01b)ut t1h6e cCoamnpaadniieasn. Garoeveinrvmoelnvetd winasimpuomratbalteion1.0 Alprotvhiede.timmeoroef diantfaorhmaadtiboenenfrcoommptihleesdu.rvey because of confidentiality issues and the fact that not allofthe 314 OSPAR TAthleanOtiScPrAepRlacCeosnvtehnetOisolnofaorndthPeariPsroCteocntvieonntioofnst.heTMhairrtieneen Ecnovunitrroinemse(nBteolfgtiuhme, DNeorntmhaeraks,t FSiwneladnedn,anFdrtanhcee,UKG)eramnadntyh,eEIcuerloanpde,anIrUenlainod,n atsheawNehtohleeralarnedpsa,rtNyo1r0watyh,ecoPnorvteungtailo,n.SpaTihne,. Gbjcctiveofthe OSPAR Commission (OSPARCOM) is: "e4m0ispsrieovnesntapnodllultoisosneosfotfhehmazaardours rsicubasbttyanccoeinstinm..uowuiestlhytrheeduuclitnigmadtieschaairmgeso,f achieving concentrations in the marine environment near background values 2a at E1D6a0x6040391071 - for naturally substances." occurring substances and close to zero for man-made synthetic `suTushbeesotfCabonecmesmstissashviaoioullnadbilsbeegtuseiucdbhesndtiiqbtuuyetsetdh(eBwApirTteh)calauentsdsioahnlaasrzoyartpdhreoinupcsriiponlncee,isp)tl.heeoEfm"pisosulsblisuttoientrsuptoaioyfns'n(epiwr.inhhcaaizzpalarerd,dootuuhsse. sausbssetsasnmceenstsihsoaullsdo (b0ebperuesveendtaesd etxocoelptfowrhperiroeriatlislionwgeadnfdodrebvyeltohpeinsgubascttiitountipornopgrriancmimpeles..Risk ``TShePAfoRlblyowtihneg Nisetthaekrelna,ndwsi.th minor modifications, from a selection process undertaken for Possible candidatesfor thebiomagnification safneetrtoutye. wCiatnhd:idates were selectedfrom Danish QSAR database selectionof substances * * aaccaallccuullaatteeddpleorgsKisotuen>ce6followingSelection V* A*n oavecrvailewcouftlhaBeeCtsFtei<dma5te0d0 PBTdata was included. Subssteamnic-evsoltahtaitlweesruebrsottasnecleescttheadtfhraovmethaactadlactulaabtaesderaarpei:d rateofphoto-osidation * s(u0b1s/t2a<nc2edsaythsa)t havefree linear orbranchedalkyl chains, which are likely to s`buebmsteatnacbeosltihsatienhdahvieghaelraorrggeamnoilsemcsular diameter which may prevent passage ofbiological membranes. Results: 92substanceswere selectedaspossible candidates, includingabout60PFAS. MReamnayrfklsu:orinatedsubstancesappearon the list. Expertjudgementpredicts that frleusopreicntattoedaseurbosbtiacnbcieosdeagrreadmaotrieopne.rsOitshteerntabtihoatnicthdeeirghryaddartoicoanrpbroocnesasneasl,ogsuuecsh waisth psnhleooetwdo.eldA.ydsdiistiinonaaloiirnfwoarrtmeartioornanoanebrioobdiecgdreagdraatdiaotnoiofnthporsoecseusbssetsaanrceeaslsisotlhiukselhyigtohlbye h"ataTzhtarhreoduo1gu9hs98stuhObesStaPDnAYceRNsAmhiaMnviEestCbeerie(anDlpyrmnieaoermtiiitcnigse.sdcFlfieovrctewioosnertksaanocdfcoDrprYdiioNnrgiAttiMosEatthCieonOcrSMitPeecArihRaanSfiotrsrampt)eergsypirsaotgcerenecsees,d, pVcoa)ttecwnhtemireaelnttodoefbvsieualbcoscptueamdnu,cleaSstc.el,IcnatntidohntofixVrisctibsteeyil(encPgtBiTto)hne,pwhmiaotsshetvSaelrleyenciitneingotnleaVvnedlcsroihtfeersnitcarewienhgraeovniucnsyge(dS:tehleecgtrieoantses1t. LP:E)CNso0t=<r1eadmigl/ylblioondgetgerradmaNblOeEaCn=d<B:0.1mlg/o]goFKTurmm>aa=tan:orCMBRCoFr~c5h0ro0nicantodxicTitayg. acute 5 000443 EID6G0K6040392072 - Perfuorinated chemicalsthatar cithe included on the OSPAR lstof chemicalsofpossible concem or are in the EU databaseofexisting substances (IUCLID') as mediumproduction `volume substances (annual EU production/import tonnage of 10-100 tonnes)(orboth) are: E Eire C -- [[33355573-654 Easert JF[uHreepnt,an, henad2.2,e3.3.c45 alurhoe:paluoroiis ania 5547.0 1355-43-1 _ [Hexane, -tridecafluoro-6-iodo- [1s37255--7520-74__|1-|Beutxaanneessuulofnoynlyl flfulouroriiddee, --nionndasfclauofruoo-roTM [615760897--16-2396-5127 27957555 p__Ie|--OnOOctccttaaaannnneece,dssouihdlfeefopcotnnaaadiimevacioaecfr,loiu-cNdroa-8lb-eipeotdaod-ecapvoresiipoortc sNaAsTsst anys [b2s9z9s1-25e117 [Glycine N-thy .{ heptadecauooosi DesTong resume 2153266187--07171312 67969-65-1 |OcPruon1peesni-cfonaOcaimdi,ec2, ea.pc3t-haGyndierbcseeatpihlyoslrsadomooicnnontoyuyeopsrlrlsooNpnyToy prmayehpoaamdiaeocmammhlaeoeotdaroosr eTnoo Jinmoriam si 315 Oter uCsocnosflPaiFoSn winiDthethenDmanahiassrhjEuknsvtibreognamneinntaol Prtotecatiosn ien3d00i1tchatatpers concerning th 32 Chemistry overview 32.1 Scope of perfluoroalkylated substancesof interest In this repor, perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) are individual chemical compounds that `contain a perfluoroalkyl group, designated as CyFaq or mixtures or formulations that contain ostsuch compounds. The EPA sclected substances containing C4-Cio perfluorinated chains for investigations. No limit hasbeen placedon he value of forUs hay. Thre oy leastone important classof multifluorinated compounds, which although strictly speaking do problems,in termsofpersistence. Thes compounds which coonsstwat not fall within the above definition, are potentially capable of presenting environmental Will bementionedwher ther H-(CF:CF3){CFCFy),-CHy- existence i levant tdhiscussion. m a STnfs ECheho eal. snforSmarionDoe b osemoe ery sdsdTfory nte a2404 EENEESCS.. s 000444 2106G0x6040395073 - eAxsamspimlpelseariellcuistterda:tionsofthe rangeofnomenclature that can be encountered, the following `CpaeFirrfsl-uomraohyexbyelreferred 10.35 1,1,2.2,3,34,4,5.5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl, or simply as 3C3F4p4C,H5C56H6y1-,7m,a8y,88b-etrirdeefcaelrueodrootcotyls,imoprl2y-(paesrflIuoHroIheHxy2lyHetHhyl-Perfluorooctyl, e`TxhaemppelrefolfuoropoecrtfalnueosruolafloknaynlegsruolufponiyslagcrhoeumpoicfaglegnreoruaploffofromrumlualCayCFzeFiSSOOz-. beaispencifgic: a`Tlhtehroeugahresismeivlearralinismtprourcttaunret htayvpeesiompfoprrtoadnutcsttsrutchtautraclodnitfafienreancpeesrfaltutroirbouatlakbylle gtrootuhpe,pwrhoiccehs,s tof ymanApufaaencdtuBsr.e. These structural differences can be appreciated by reference to products of A CGiFFsiSsCOON:HNCHHs B `CCiaFyCCHH,CCHH;:CSOO:NNHH,CH; b`TryipdegiAngprtowdouccatrsbpoonssmeosisetayfbulleyfltutoherwpienxefaaltulokeerydolalcnkhayilng,rwouhperaenadstThyepfeunBctpiroondaulcgtrsopuop.ssess a Perfluoroalkanesofgeneral structure: Haroeweivnecrl,udesducihnstuhbestasnccoepse [aorfeotaohlereraedpyorut,ndbeercasucrsuetitnhyeyfrcoomntaaninentvheirpoenrmfelnutoarloalpkeryslpegcrtoiuvpe., becauseoftheir long atmospheric lifetimes andtheirhigh global warming potential pFelrufolruooproolalykmyelrsacrycloantteaainnidnmgethpaecrrflyuloartoeaclokyplolymsterrusc.tural units are mainly confined to 322 Production processes p`eCrofmlmueorrciinaalteldy ailmkpyolrtgarnotup,perafnlduoXroailskyalnaytesdubssutbitsuteanntc)esaroefprtoheduRceed-Xbytyopnee(owfhetrweo Rgyeneisrala approaches: =A.pOrgeanirc cfomplopuronucdesssowtiotrphrtohideuccnaetrbhoaentasrtkgeelteitmoonloeocfunlteh.e desired product are subjected to a B. "Tbhueilpdeirnfgluobrlooaclkk"ylcsoknetlaeitnoinngofstohemetarpgoettenmtoilaelcluyleusiesfculonstfrunuccttieodnaulsinggroaupperfalsuoriinnattehde `tweeliogmhetripseatrifonltueochrnooloogalineesdf.tihTenhisredmeorsitvedimppeorrftlaunotro"bauliklydiiondgidbelso.cks" are the low molecular Perfluorination processes 0 000445 EID6G0K6040394074 - "The commercially operated perfuorintion processes ar: * electrochemical fluorination, (ECF) + codibraelctttfruiofrliunoartiideonmewdiithateeldemfelnutoarilnaftluioorni(neCTMF) with elemental fluorine paenrdflauloriinnabteornettelcyhnloalcokgiseeslemcetnitviitoyneidnabreosvpeeacrtetodetshcerpiobsieintdiohneoPfrojMeucetriRnesctoirodn,, The major Telomerisaion processes compounds, refered 0 as: c"Thhaeirnesaroetfwloicmiotmemderacnidalrleylaotpievrelaytedshtoerltomelernigstaht)ionupsreodcesfsoresp(rpordeupcairnagt.ionhoifglhilnyeafrlupoorilnyamteerd BA.. TTeelloommeerriaoldciodheolpprroocceessss tTheeltoemleorgeinodiitdehatfelcuhonorloooglyf,ibn,y wfahritchheimousstuailmypoerttraanftl,oirsoebtahsyeldenoen.pentafluorocthyl iodide as t`phTeceerolsfmolcpmuoooepurrenooadalsflictyaohlxeheoUgolrfStoteuenEpcPdhenaAsoncladronigdbyhe.yEddnrTvaoshixrepyoo]nlmmyagfeirlnnuotourCppiarnnoaadatnueddcdat(scspaaicrrotysinaat.laliyntpeeorrmnfilenuaol-riCnHhay;tderdgo)grebonuu.tp abteotmw.eeTnhetshse do fall within 3.3 Substance typesof interest in this project 1suBp0leeic8cmaiflupieescrlealytuti,ohoinrs.oaTplhrbkoeeyjbleeaacxttspeiodissespcduro,binnscctaeiaprnvlnceeeerdiyws wawtihsitadthoefatnrhiyeantnsesgurueebbssstottfaainnnccchteeehsitmshitacotparclowjoheusiclttcdr,hudcFtetohugrrereaeedtxneyvapieimsnrp.otlnheumeentenhntewviiiBrsetoilhAmikoee1ilny.y, cpeioanxtrcaeblmnouptxdliyeaelsl,ictascoaircxybildrfa,eltaueexkoirscidtnosoap.twoeInldnyomicrneagrratbsnhoiencisnefcnlaluvnuoiddrriiodnanegsmsepewneretrirfselruenoolorfetianCscaioHtnnyegsditgdhrseeiorduefepdlsu4coharapriineanastta.elodsfSogurbiionssuctlppau.nrdcoepepdcse,irhtwaiptssh,2tfhoer cThheemimsotsrtycivsitdheanttiptowtielnltibael eexntvriermoenlmyenrteaslishtaanztartdo daetgtracahdeadtitoontihne ptheerfelnuvoirroosnkmyelnte.nvainrdonbmeenatoael ptoosesxiebrltelotnog-bteermceerftfaeicnts.thSaulchtheefrfeectasreonntoheeefnfevcitrs,onmpaerntticmualayrloyr mfoarysnuobtstexainscte,sbutthsitt ismnaoyt `m`baiyobacecumreulleaatsee.daPsetrfhleuroersitnoatfetdhealmkoyllecmuolieeitisedsegirnadleadrgienrthnoen-efnuvlilryo-npmeernftl,uoer.ign.abtyemdicmroolbeceusl.es +ThePecexarctfleiugudooirrniigensaptoielndyc(ltauledkreaadnfctlshv,eorreaofleoktrheeynleaersen:ea)n(dPTalFkEy)neitssealfnd derivatives, including polymers, but * cHhydermoicsatrrb~yonl-obnagsepedcfoirvgoarnoiaclskywlicthhaipne,rffluunocrtoiaolnkayllisegdroautposneorensdi,dsetcrhoanignlsy,suir.ef.aPcFeOaS-cteype iSnivnecsettighaetsicoonspecaorfritehdeouptrohjaevcteiu50nbroacd,awaoinddehrveanncgeeetohferraapnpgleiecoaftdipornospienrintdiueistsrys.0 varied, the u 000446 Gr009075 EID606435 vdheaceriisosiueostnstoyfhpaessduobtsfotsaubnbecsemstaacndoceuelrdseegptaortodeunittnigaabltolhvyee.heaxtvIenentboreodefenrrietnaostolhnieamibotlredtehcreovolesfrta1gt0eo.0a0T0hm0ea,nOaigEnecClaubDdlienligsstitzohe,ef pipneeirrtffillauutecorrootaahllekkyyllsubsssuutbbsastntacanencceeslsi,s,t.wbhrTiohcuehghtCthaentaoAdgoieuanrncyaltiptsternotwviaiodnsedbaylastotthhueeseAsdtg.aertnOcSoyfPAtphRaer.tpwrpaoryji.eocrtti,thyoseuirgvshesdtoh1e0f dpaarvtoajaieblcaatbs,leesa)dddagetaadvbafeusremtsahe(nreygs.uabtdshdteiatnCicoIensAal0Sosuutrbhcseetrafensrc.,esSC.ehaeTrmhcihefinndlgiesrtb,ywCarheselemcviaanrndetfuutsletlrrymyssatinunddviaeHrdSioDiunBs opIrundbtelerircaltcyot cdliifmfirneanttesaounrycedsu.plicates, which could have arisen du to diffrent styles of nomenclature in pIStruibwosartisatynnceoecvseesrwsahthrieychltoowwl-eiprmreiotduatcvhtaeiilonanub-mllebeveoerlnofsapseuccbioasmltmiaetnyrccseiusablsttoasnfccoaellsle,owwperuropeduactiedtedhnetfiosficeardleesaeoanfrdcthhtihpseusprerpoojtseoecostk,. aiadnneddntstiuhfboisestdeabnscuyebssEtncavonincrseiosdneamrleerndetaldCyaniidaedtnokatbifoeireepdrOoSaldsPuApcyoRes,dinatgthaoansepyaprctroioncdsuiuldcaererdhaabbzlyaersmdc.oarlTeeh,uwtseh,arneornoelntyeaiscnueobdsm.tpaaTnnhcyie,ss p5r7o3cePsFsrAeSdaupcpeedarthientlhisetfoifsnuablsdtaatnacbaessew.ith which to approach industry and other da sources. Acpronoudriusmceoptosfrrtaeansndetamriicsxshtu,uer,sesw.thhiaTcthhmewsaeansysurcbaosimtsmaenedcreicsni,atlhrleeyldeavevavaneitllaocbpolmmeepnPotnFoeAnfSttsahoreefsiwunhbifsatccahtncceaormespcltleiakxneldryeaitncotitbohene c(suSorevfeearceRtdeacnbtoy.mmtTehhneedaliCtsitAofSnosrn)tu.hmibsAeprnrsojeeacxrtae,mnpsolhtoeualvidasinlaobtlpeabrettihocrvuoeluargrlhooctkohemedmceborymcpioaatnlhye'rfsarmepigulbuyllitocefriynfflioumroimrtaiatntiaiotnve,de Tthhreosueghcatnisberouotbetabienseiddesfitohme ntuhmebCeArSseRlefgiitswraysfnloet, paulrtsbuoeudgfhor50hilsitwloerdka.ta were avait n 000447 106G0x6040396076  4. METHODS 41 Overview pgIaanutfchoiertrmyeaodtfitohpnruoobulngihcslulypiptaelvrayaittluoarnbelnreaegiveni,feowirn,dmuIasntttireoirnan,lettuhasenedmpadaiatnttaerbroausateendsfeoearnrdvcaihtreaosngamanetdnhtecaroilnsnfugaltwteaatasinoddni.reefcGftiecvctoesnntwatachste tuisheehrsr.ainngdAeussotrrfyea,vpipienlwipcamaatttiieoarnlisaalfroratnhPedFpiArnSoitdiuiascleesrxcstorpoeifmnePglFyoAnwSitdhaeen.dTMntatreandmyeetacsoasnnosdcuiloatttehieeosrnwsreerrseeopurierdsceeennsttiiifnnigdeidPcafFtrAeodSm, erexlpeevratnitndoirvgiadnuiaslastiaonndsg(rowuapdse) atossgocainatiinofnso,rmactoimopnanoinesth,esreegauplpalticoartyioannsd. other organisations, mdTaehivelelcioonprceraeadosifiantlghoegausasptwphiretohparctehhfeearcdrooenpdstumeldoidcw.eaTsohfitscoowumasmscunfpioelcrlasootwnieaodlnbciyodnewtnraticittftiee(nduscbuoyamlrlceyosnpbsouynldtteeenelcseep,hIonwniest)ohmef.o tcaoansdpeasir,ttimcleioepntagti-entgaesnrdmantiamdkpelcioacnnafteaicroteninsvcefeorcroalilenldsiunwstaertryea, taphlresoovaiihsemilodwn..asBUnytfhoeartxtpuclnoaanitsneuillnytg,eetishnewtoiguosalcldsabosefeetnhhceeoluperrvaoejlgeeocdtf vbsoeulntsuintitinavcirltyiudedasetdaaasssoucplipaalctikeeddowwfiatahsvtvahieelrsysbullbeoswtdaaontwcaie,sngtahntedo ahtiingmuheemrbsepcrrailooerfitafialecslt.oowrse.dThfeorsedvaatraiegdatbhyercionngs,ulttheee etDhlueervifanlnguttohraoesccpheoecumtirsocsafltoahftreehale.uoDprrr.oocjFehiceetmlicdcowantalascsetccotwomarms,iasmnsadidohenisewdriettphooarPsteshitasrstbFbieyeeldpn,rpaerpoacvroiantdsieuodlnttaoonftthaweorAregkveiinencwgy.oifn 42 Industry Research 42.1 PFAS Producers bp`eCreoondntuacoceftrlswi,maisatnemddasodunceecweiisntshJ.atpWhaehnifl(isveeeEeinuSiretocaplteicoaonnnt5ap.cr3tofdwouirctedhretspaoriofldsuoPcFfeAprrsSo,wdaauscsewriensl)la.iamsoTshttiwslooclofintnssuhtlatnatctheirsoenevehUraSys positive, offersofassistance have not resulted in the provisionofdata as hoped. pPDrreootjdaeuicclteerdRse,dcaotwraidt)oh.noWtnioetnhmoatrgheeessrpoepcfrtoPvtFoidAeicSnogtosdxoailtcdaolooongntiocoatnlheeinaUfpopKrlmiacmtaaitroiknoe,ntcrheoaasmb(speceern Seperchotdviieaodntenad1os.b1nyiPintvOhtreSheee ihnafsobremaetniopnrohvaisdebdeebnyp3roMviadsedcobmyptiwleoodtfhoerrpthreodOuEceCrDs assessmentofthat substance. Limited ``Gcwiohvnyfeinidenntfthoieramlsiatmtyai,lolnit winsaunsmobtneoprtosofsfoirbpltrehocdtouomcrieenrpgso,r(tatlihntehdoleutogawhilaloenvceoltmhpeorfeirhnefesonrpsmoianvtseioonsaupnmrdomvatihrdeyedniesoergditvhteeonfperianostatehncest. confidential projec record). o`fWtithhisrceusrpercetnttostnuodny-cPoFmOpSartyepdewcihtehmitshterys,coonpeeorfewaosornkciftoerdtfhoerUtSheEPpaAu,cwitiytohftdhaetaactsivitthieesscaonped. 5 000448 Gx009077 EID606437 - rp`weriqolludiunrcoeetfmseonhctausssooifnntdtihceatUeeSd EtlhPatAotbheemicnUhgeSemmEiaPsjrtAorryif-dsorfirovabciucnsgoasufiopnrlgsceeoonffeoyPreFpadOrrSosd-utcyepres.chIenmipsarttriycualtarp,reastenetloamnedr. `AaTndeddleoodtmheetror ItchnhidesmuiisssttarryideesRs.eisreIenaartmhcoihnsgrPseatgnaPerlFdA(tSThIepRtrFeo)ld.oumceeTrrhspertoTodIudRcrPerasaiwshaacnlveeaijrnodliuisnnteerdbyetstopwgoeenestnohrtPeeoFrdOSfr-oesrbemaasrtechdhe pmreomgbrearsme-,DmuaPnonatg,edAbsyahiatGhliarsdsp,arCtlya,riaanntd,iDsafiokciunssainndgoAtnodfaintaa. gaTthheerifnigrsct ostmempohnasobaeleln 5to ithdiesnt5i0fytahatpraodsuincgtlecosumbmsotanncteo clalnmbeembteesrtesd.(t`hThteetleolmoemrerBBalaclochooblo)lacnodvetrhse saercaonngdeotfo cphuraiifny lteesntgetdh.s,StmuodsitelsyoCnGentoviCr8o,nmaenndtailt iprotpheer8t-ie2stbeleogmuenroanllcyohionl2(0n01-,CywFityhyCJaHnC-HF;eObH2)00t1hatbeiisnbgeitnhge ptalragnentetdoocnomepnlveitroentmheentmaelthaoted,olaocgutyefaoqrtuahteicetnovxiircoitnym,ebnitoaclonfcateentarnadtieofnfeacntds bwioordke.graSdtautdiioens.are dTbeehgerdaesgdurebas1dt0aanbRclyeeCsOicnZoHpna,tratti.hneiArnegnfroeoranes-otnhTaeusbcelriesnuwabtosertdkainmncegetshhayyrlpeoeatnlhesegosorifosucmpoisngcmheitrgnhb.te rtehaatsoRnaebClyHb,eCeHxXpyecwtoedultdo `dtaghtoaavseabmmemoeennngtsrstephioonrdwtieevdvitedhruaatllittpthrleeoTddIuacRteaErisa.sreWkyheitletaeovacsiohelmaapbrlreecnt.hheeTnhsfeiirveeniddsaitaoalnfsagiorscbesaltviuaeidvlieaedbslwteioftobhrePaalFlpOiaSnut,ceriiettsytaeods.f : beacetinvsituigegsbeesgtiendntihnagtofnelwydaaftearatrheea3vMaildaebcliesfioonrtoothphearsceh-eomuitsttrsiePsFaOtSp-rbeasseendtc~hemmiasjtorryr.esearch hcAaodvndfeiecddoenntttoiraitlbhiiutstyeidas natdodtaehgenreleeaedocfktonofeirnsvvtooaulsvpenreolvseisgsailaomnda.enpgaTsrhttimshePanFtsAstSawkpierhnotdtuhhceeerfisnofrwomhroimfcatchioiosn arlnesqoucebsaetble,oiueamvtdddeidasntgta.o chaovnesialdseorbaebetlnoycrietsepoanssreeatsiomness.foAr thhieglhacwkoorfkdlaotaadparnovdistihoen.need to meet statutory obligations o`TfmhatejhroeerEipsurorndooupctereaardnse FoalsfsupooucriroaectiapoernrbforlenupoTrreeoscaehlnkntaiincneagsl.alBluWPrhFeiAaluSe (ptarhioCsdEuoFcreIgraCssn.iescaHttooiwroengvrehoraus,p)s b,ewehnio accrohnertmm eaepcrmtoebse deenrotsns `mmaoyrebtehaonwionnge 1o0ccaasdieosnirceonocnertnhienpgarttheofsttuhdey,flnuooriinnefoirnmdautsitorny htaosdbreaewncfloeratrhclionmeisngb,etwTeheins fEoufFnPTcltBaisoctnioacnlstiasMceatdniuPnfdFaiAcctaSutreadenrtdshaoEttuehrneoqrupiefrliu(eossrciecnoaSnteeccdetricnohinenm4gi2Pc3aF)lA.sS--sIhniontudhleededbcaeisnedioitrifaeplctuderidsetcoupsteshriefolnAussrsoowacilitkahatncitsoh,ne rtehseusletianrgeftrhoemstuhbejiercgtloobfalcownasrimdeirnagblloezaotnteendteipoln,etiinntgerpeosttenatnidalintemational regulatory activity ``Ccmoounnttsutaaiclttuitnwetdearsegsrto.aulpTs,ohewmiyathdhaevceowmiaptavhneirtcyhsew,iFadlceuardoaerrningnieecosTfacenocndhtncaooclntso.uglytTahnBteusrpeowashsuio.bimleiTethytoifstopiadsyisiacnnugsistnofiotwreemmasltlohyef stearkveincfeusrtohferconsultants within this group was discussed with the project manager, but not " 000449 B1D6a0x6040398078 ee - Otter PFAS Suppliers S(ieCnoccntltiuaodcintngw1afsoirnamlltshsoetmoPrarsdo,jeedcwitisttRrheicbaourtndou)rsm.baeOnrnlolyfoatboohnreeaortforUtyhKeasncedomcdpoeamvnpeialenosipemisnevn(otalvcfehodermmiiuncltaahlteos)suupwppalpsileyrasbclh(aesivenye, provide information for thstudy in the formofMateriel Safety Data Shects (MSDS), 422 User Trade Associations o`Crtodhneetramcaotighnaastbrtaededehnatmaeasaosrdonceiuwatsiietohpnsaatniaeurmem.bleTirshtoeefd fuuislnleiAstptropadefencadsoisxonci4ta.tiaiTohcgneistvaenasnidmssino, tmhoebpujresocetjriecvceotsrmepcaaonnrdidesdaaintnda `rSeurqfuaicrteamnetnsntsewosfletthteerspturdoyduwceerdebyaltshoepRuobylailciSsedoincokefiyChpeeumbiltsitcraytyi.ons such 3s the Focus on The success ofconsultation depended on a number ofkey factors: PtWohFeOpthShaesaren-tdohuertetlraiattsdeedPapFsrOsoSodc-uicbatatssi.oendSwocamhseemaihwsaatdrreayolfrateanhdueymPsbpFeorAkSeonfisftsouream:deeambaseasrorsceisaualbttioooufntstthwheeesr3eeMisasdwueaecrsiesainoodnf wh5aes0stwohceeiraretiaotbnhlsee tstourrpavrdeoeyveiaddsesmdoecaimtabatdeioirnrsewclaoysnfcoeprrtnehipneagrsetPdudAtyo;Ssuusrev,eypromveimdbienrgsu:seafulmuimnbfoerrmaotfionwafdoer * wrthheeeasrsotenutsdohyef;rcoownafisdenatniealeidtyf:oirt wtahsesntoutdpyotseiabmletotococonnttaaccttmaelmrbgeernsudmiberreo,ffourseerxcaommpplaenifeosr poorstshiebsltteoudgyatghievrenintfhoerwmaitdieonrafnogreosofmeinidnudsutsrtyrsyecsetcotrosrsu.sing PFAS -- as resul. if was not EdOauntreaoptorenad(eAaPmaMsmsEoo)cn.iiautAimoPnMpaEecr,tfilvaueloorinongocwttihaitnshoaattrheeiar(isAsiPsttFehOre)tArsausdseoecadisastaoiscoinaatioofpnroPilcnaetsshtsieicnUsgSMAaa,induiffagocra.tthuserroeimrnesg qeMxuueaorrrctieosrpeloiyfnmc2el0ru0ds1e,s(epa.lggu.lsoPbdTaalFtEam)atsoasxnibcdaollaoalgnsicoceaoilnfaAsndoPmOeec,optodolxuiyecmotelorobgeidcisacploemrdpsaliteoatnse--.d waitTtthhheetehdenadtlaaotfgttaehrthebeerfiiinrnsgg tTpeeastspasefecldtuootrnooteootththyhelerenpFeroA(jTeSFc,tE)e,AaaPml,MthEtoounhgnhaastgheaisldsraoetlacaotnleolatttohbedeuimdnagatnaavonaonitlbhelenexvaiafrtlountohmreeontptiramoleptyoolxfeinacesokl(ionHggyE,.P)Waintdh {UAKs mtarandye PasFsAocSiaatrieonussteodefloicritthienifrosrumraftaicotnanccoyncperronpeirntgieuss,e:contact was made with the two key * ththee oSpregcainailcitsyurSfuarcftaacnttasngtrsoGurpo(uGpoOSfItPh)eofBrtihtieshChAsesmoicciaaltiIonndfuostrrCihesemAsiscoacliaStpieocni;alities. sInuggbeostthinignsstoamnceecsomthpeangireosutposco1n5taact.whole were unsble to provide information, save for Tfohrewmhoosmt PusFeAfuSlairnefkoermyastuibosntawnacses:provided by two trade associations representing members 15 000450 5106G0K6040399075  StihgehtBirnigtfsohamFsi;reanPdrotection Systems Association, representing the manufactures of fire * the British Surface Treatment and Suppliers Association, representing cadmium plates. iInndceoendtreanstte,ri2ntloimiadteidalnougmubeecrooftnrcadeetrahsnseosictiuandtyigo.ns were unwilling to provide information or 43 Substance data hrHeaegvaiirnndfgiongsmeattthiedodonawtonennbtehoeetdhekdues.yeAppsraottptheeermtsieaeasnrdcthopersooobptefarpituni,belspioicstleoynntlaivyaalailviaanbidlluebslstroeyudriscroeeuscrtccoefnsrfoiwmremireneddu,sctomrnuyt.cahcTthoeedf rdeeaxatplael,cytpaoutssiseoifnbullwyaiscnotmthmeaetrrmPcsiFaAolfSlysmuasbensnustfiaatniccvteeu,rpiwrnhogpieccrhotimwcpsea,nciaoesuslmdmoistghthetnobfueset.whielIlndianptgraalcotmiapcadesesveoarvnyaitllihatetblsleeowawbsny. ccoommppaonnieensi(w)eorfeinftoerrcesotm.mercial mixturcs, and could not be seen to be representativeofthe ``CMearntuafiancwteubresristaelsswoesreenetxtlriemmietledy nusuemfbule,rgoifviMnSgfDrSeefacocreuss itonptrhoedpurcojtebcrto.churesand MSDSs. MCoamnmyerocfiatlheavsauiblsatbainlicteys woans tdheetelirsmtinaered tthhoruoguhg.h commerciallyproduced onanyconsiderable scale. teovibdeenscpeecfiraloimtythfeinperocdhuecmeircsa'ls,weabndsintost. Publicly available property data `Tshuebstfaonlcleowoinntghepurbelfiicnleyd lasvta:ilble data sources were consulted in respect of cach and every. HaElzsaervideoruEscsoutbosxtaDnacteabsadsaet.a bank (HSDB) MSySrDacSu:se(sRuepspelairecdbhyCcorpooramtionpaPhnaydsvPirnaotphieaInndteeCrhnseemt)Fate databases TfhroemItUheCLliItDeradtautraeb(asseee (DcoocnfuimdeennttisalLviestr)siaonnd)twhaesInatlesmoetac(csecseseWde.bRSeilteevsa)nwt,asreaclesnotsioungfhotr.mation aIvnaifalcatb,le$0reavlerdyatfew tohfathwehilcishteidndsuusbtsrtyahnacseschaorseepnrteosepnrtoviindea.nyofthese resources, the only scTlhhieegmhitssluytbrsdyitfaifndecerneetsnitfilsiescdtoebpdey,uCntadhneearredatwheiasrseptrhsoeujbbesactstaisnhocaefvsethoebniereonu2r2clagstrteoguotphrsai.tsecSdionubclaedsetnhdoetoUbneKtcphorenosjfieucdntecrtheiadodnat8lo accocnfoomrmmodtaoteanthye rofemtahiensien.gTshuebrsetafnocrees:it was necessary to create additional categories to cIthesmhiocualld sbteruncottueredstihdaetntitifhiaesd innottbheelnistp.oRsastihbelre,ttoheungdreorutpaiknegsa aderteabilaesdedreovniekweyoffaralgmoefnttsh,e 1 000451 B1D6G0K6040490080 - Siudebnsttiafniceeds idnetnhie ecdhemitcahl dnaatambea,seahnadvecbaenebneecsopnsni tohcp dered only provisional. Hence not all pTaublrep4o1o:sfetChasitepgorroijeestof PFAS assgaed by the Canadian EPA and extended for the [Fen]rE - oom FREm E TT Na td] [2 FPetealealltoin nees j inc] [4 I [TrPleunrail inS niolnmatopolsemor mnpis deosai | [5 Perfluorosliylsulforamidealcohol derivatives. Perfluoroalkylsulforamide; phosphate derivatives | [6 1 F [To pPeo rtyeneceeEr nE es 5 ow [ [r5TFFuatormstotieenies 5] ee a i [I C0 D Fo uovborntes sme ---- 5| 2 [ao FPPeuuoremeatieonaesaliceytaes F - -- a -- w 000452 axoosoes EID606441 : 5. USEPATTERN 5.1 Overviewof Market 511 Introduction TtHhahesecaiopnmrcpooorfuponourdna'dtsieofcnfhoeecfmti.ocTnahlceafpnlrudooprpeihrnytesiiaecstaoolfmpprieortpfoelruatoinreosoarltgihaepnhiictnicmcoorslpteorcruuactltiueroenhosasfeaa&dpseifglonutichfiercidaneatvteeelfdfoepccmtheaonnnt `lofowmatreerfriaacltsiwveitihnndoexv;elhaingdh perlaeccttirciaclliynsvuallautaibolne; chhiargahctetrhiesrtmiacls isntcalbuildiitnyg,: gcoheomdicraelsiisntearntcnees1s3, ceonrerrogsyi.on and weather; high volatility, sublimation, and gas solubility; and low surface T`TvhheereryemhaiargkrheptlrifotoperorarPltlFiyoAntSohfoiusPseaFxnAtdrSsemiosefluysceoddnisvieunrmspeerroaparnindedthaiirgnyhdlufsyotrrfmirauallgampterinoodtnuseocdftipsneorenfndo-trhpemr.aongdlucocebtacltheermmmiisc,ealssA,. rflaunogriinngatfedopmrosdhuocesp,olfiosrhtehseitroeoxpcteopmteiotnraylipdrso,pewrhtiiecsh(sreelAypanpelonwdco3n.centations of he highly TadchotewivnUeaKisngmfroaelrdlkioecwtnsft,o(raallPltEohoAfuwSghhiitnchhetsheeisysiehmaopruol2rd0tbe0ed0.tirseIeatstitesidmcwaoitnteshdidcoeaurbteiedonat)rh:oaunthde4s0e0fitgoumrneessocafnbfleuobrionoaktesd. `Table $1: Proportional breakdownof PFAS applications |CSomepeel&eTneleesTrrstment [[1T o05may[ ge|] [[SPpaepceira&lBySouwfTirceaatsment [ Te01[7 150s] [ChemSouvermFeOdFiemess, a I10g-- it 2--5--%------| Dreaptraodpurcoevdidheedrebfyorirnedaisvoindsuoalfpcormomdeurcceisaliscpornefisdeenntteidaliitny)t.he Project Record (and cannot be 5.12 Key Applications. `inWdhiiclaeteasvtehraytnwoitdeallrtahngepoosfsiPbFlAeSapapplpliiccaattiioaonrnsesaaevaiideanbtliefioedt(hseecUAKppmeandkiex.3)T,hceonrsuulstastaionn `aanpdplsiucraftaicotnasnftosr(PinFcAluSdianrge faisrepfriogthecttiinvgechtermeiactamlesn)t.s (c.g. for `carpets, textiles, paper and board) `mGoedniefrayllsyursfpaecaesk,infgrefquunecnttiloynalriesdeudctPioAn Sofasruerefamcpelotyenesdioans soufrbfaoctthanatqsu,eio.ue.soarndthneoin-abaiqluietysntyo sfyosatmeimnsg., cFrluuosriofsiurnfga,ctdainstpsercsianng)atataiwnelle1xt3rpeomseesssiningsurhfiagchesaabctiilvtiytyag(adientsetrsgeendcey,, awefttlin.g, 000453 106a0x6o4o4s20ez - oxidisingand reducing agents and to elevated temperatures These chain, surfactants may be and X represents a represented solubilising as RyX, group. wheretheReportion is the The fluorochemical chain is stablefluorocarbon modified in length alisnibdmeissictcaralulclttyuarrceeks.tpooTnmhseeievtpeeefronlrduiousoscceanraebeodnps,chapaoridonrbvaicmdoianitfnieglrcstahlleiloyewrxtescduerpuyftcaiecoensanloerreegsyivstooannnche.etoeltheerrmmayl and `fTohreussoeluibnilniosni-ngaqgureoouups, sXysitsecmso,mmwohnelry kwyadtreorcsaorlbuobnles,ubruftclcaannisbeardeesniegcnetdivtoe,beTohiel spoelunblse sinxuaigrtzhtueurmceseeioliaybfXivsltvuyyafrai(igedsatiaecscorttngisevinaedcceyiir,ndaebwh,leyot,aislnaekgna,dleinfnmeova,ainmryioonnxgmfk,leiucnvotirsmno,-gslFuarlfnoaadrncotgam,rnretdtdsiieshcipatnevrngestisbnsge)speanaen6prsweeaiplnlasdraeesdsrpwoheeiecenhrnasssre temperatures Th chemisey and functions of fuorosactats have been comprehensively reviewed by Ktiasksean f(r13o)m, tahnedbtohoek.Project Record includes some useful tabulationsofphysicochemical data F81oorupproitnecatiMvueortorcehaetmmiecnatls,stuhrefcgteannetratlo aapnpraocarcyhlatceonosristmsetohfaccroynlvaetretimngiethye raeashcihvecenrdo.: p`raopnooldqlyuymcmeeaenrrrpiliecystisnrsguewrfiifettirhcweeidftcvh1a0oaapraocbcolhMmeemomoerirfoccpriaoeaplleaylcmrlreiyeslnriagntceoossiaultifit0onaglbdsll.eowwfFeaoodtrrebfreaybxarapnimocdplltyaerm,eevartinimstneaanttmis.eonnaTth(verosieenngstir)elapoteemsevnpiteesnteaire:s. cPfoernttsitelrsiu,cvtenidonruspertoiadlumcetsxsislauece,h1wcsacdropentcfsro,reltbeeatoshteosrnoea,fnpdsonruooumsseobvitecn,es)iiaylnd (bdaosmsmoesaainhoemeoe PctFaAlSuoraoeetahlysloenuese(dTFE5s).InTtheirsmecdmipaltoeyss iwntethre ihniwghhicphreassmumreoneimuumlspioenrplovlyomerrmiseantieonacoyf apihnee-rfcirlnioittriicoaatnlocrm.tinco(eaulstlueaarlelcxyoi-ntcsdeinaitssroamptriiocopenyl,llpWeeh,riopcxrhyo-visiddsiihncoagurt1bo0ns.a0tpe0r)1e%-s.aerTneh-aetsusisczpoeennocdfeetndhter(mdiiosensolelvseodt)n.ssT:he the amount of TFE in suspension, which in tum controls the PTFE. panicle size Pmeornfolmueorroso.ctTanhoeirc aicsidgocoadn ebxeperuismeedntianl ceovpiodleynmceeritshaattiotnheoafmTmFoEniwuimthpotoheor fmlueorienatred assists in the solubilisationoftheTFE. S13 Review ofuses ofapplications shown intable5.2 overeat. Keyissues associated further information in withthe uscpattemfor PFASaresummarised in Section Appendix 3. The main market areashavebeen recordedfor 5.1.4, with the series w 000454 106a0x6o404s5083 - `Table 5.2: PFAS application areas and specific industrial applications within these fteee [E-- SpEell Surfactant-- s 1s oJow gos CTotaTl -- extinct, e-- in o-- d roe ifbi (Chemen intermediates 113 Jermeaes "*Thessuusumemboasfritpeeasrfrnrueeocucrsoeoreasdlktyihlnatfthoeilsdlionswduiubnssgttraiinnaclfeossre:mcatdotrei;socnrfiobreseatchhoe fwtaheyseinappwlhiiccahtiopnesr:luoroalkylaied trafteaonpcntdnpoasrlgiseiinsnoucfflsau:nPetnFdicpAdiSuon:tegnstpshtrehocsivseiiardtnneriesytnahdtbnesr;iceenondndsitsceaxittniootfnhtoehfetuthoetoasltfomnPanRreaAgkSeesofoifnrtPhPFaFAtASSi;nudsuesdftroyrsetchitsorpaarntdicutlhaer . ++ pPFrFoAdASuScttcsyo;pnecse:ntprraotviiodness: ainndiicatnesdtheoicfotcnhceeanttyrptaetsioionfooPfFPnAFSAuSsepdrefsoerntthiins afpolrimcualtaitoend;and end +subftsetoliortmuemtra-ubbiallsaiesntddytcuiosshesruresess::magnaiiivnneddssiocdafetttiPaoriEnlsAoyofSfttwhihetehusomutbbhseterirtcuhateanmbdiinsltairttiyuoersfe. PoDfFfOioSr-smbualcsstekuoderssyciahssensmeduiuesssste:rrys;with ispsaurteiscurlelaartaipnpglitcoatcixopno;sure: describes fctors affecting levels ofexposure arising fom this policy issues: identifies any policy issues identified durin the consultation process; Tprwoocesosfintgh-e huasvee abreeean rdeevvieelwospe-d ifnireconfsiuglhttaitnigonfowaimths tahnedusmeerttarladeextarsascotciioant,ionrse,fiannindghaavned `twwbiioettwehhanrirrdneesdlvueuisvnteardwnyete,rdstbtrbaaydnteudthihanessgmhst.ootcrhTiteahttueiisomienenossffcoPwaroFmluaeAltodiSfotnmhwacieotkpnhtina2riusnopseeedhcfjeiuisflneinctsohctietanrdoaiutlsnhtlgeroripweoersied.nvtsi`eSfwhosaraur`ifnmnuagrekctxtehtheseirnsahsciiounvsmfeemofuerutvmlaiatotstiniaoo,rnnt WaAnviaatlihylsaibrsle.esopfefrcottmhettohUedKeDseCcparairrppttemitoenInsntodoufsftTrvryaa"rdipeoruoasvnididneIdsnudsdutesrtitaerisyl,.s ioFtfoartphepexeaUamrKps.letc,haarttpheteusrienf"duUlupsdtiarntyfeoidrnmStatetrsimotenacgaists Tevels ofproduction, imports and exports, numberofmanufacturers and retails te. n 000455 axo0s0as EID606444 - 5.1.4. Key Issues FAS tonnages and types Tnohte beesetinmactoensfoifrmPeFdASusitnogmmpargoedsuacsesrocdiataat,edawsintohtspaelclipfircodaupcpelircsathiaovnes (psreoevSiedcetdiotnon5n.a1.g1e) dhaatvae. `Dataprovided by producers to date accountsforhaolftfhe market of400 tpa. ae`sWssitotichmiaratetesipotencostnnwtaoegrueesserposr,feovPneFlnyAteStdwoufsirenoddmuswmtiratyhkiginrnogtuhpeesisrt(imimenatdtauelsstprloyaftsiemncagtroakrnesd.t isnIitnzeermseoodwmiieantegisn)tswotaenmrceeemsabtlreadteo `concems `members opvreorvicdoimnmgderactiaaolncoPnFfiAdSentuisaelidtiyr.ectIntotthheepcarsoejoefctfitreeafmi.ghting foams this bers lefoasodme IaPnbalpseeortmowehicedaernset,eisfdyterscapudirtereeansrtseopUcriKeasetaniptopinlnsigchaa1t5id%ononsofoiurnsfpeoo,rssmniaobtlnieeoonufsoetrnhs.ePFItrnAaScduoenstsersao.scti,Tahtiiinsfoonrswmacasottnihtoanecctaesdewfeorre byproducersindicatesthatPFASareusedinthe UK paper industry. provided uiOdnteihnqeturiefydtaoPtsaFpAepcSriofuivsciedceutdshitsobmymearpsyr.obdeucbeercsauisnediPcaFtAesS tphraotduwcheerrsematnruadfeacatsusroeciaatniuonmsbearroefpunraobdluecttso `Waiwtahrreeosfpetchte1P0FPAFSASctoynptaeisn,eidnminosthteiinrstpraondcuecsttsr.adeThasastocsaiiadt,ioansnaunmdbtehreoifrtmreamdbeerassswoceiraetinoonts were keen industries, retfoledcitsitnigntghueisthelboemterwepernoduPcFeOrSs-"bdaessierde products and to differentiate the products used between theirs and in their 3M-type chemistries. Substitution of PFAS by other typesof substance `cIEhnvegemneinsfetorrraylf~ittreeerlfmoisgmheittri-nabgpapfseoaeardmssptrwhoahdtuecrPteFsOPSaFp-OptSey-aprteiynpcgehetcomhibesemtirasyvtairisyliaisbnrlteeeprfocohrratanelgldePatbFoblOeeS-wttihtyehpemtaealrpokpmleeitcra-ltbeiaaosdneesdr.,. PitneFdluAosSmterirteo-sba,ansiotetdmhiecgrhhoetwbmiiesndtgirftyfoitichsuelwtnieoderevdleytroyursecefodosrtmbluyyflaoUtrKe.ilnadriingvdeiupsdtruroaydl.uucstTehrrasatntgoessas.iwdi,tcwhitfhrormesopneectty1p0e aolfl MsWuiootmrheinraientsseptdeacnstcuerstf.oactFsauobnrsttseiaxtnuatdmipotlnhea,twiutashninuomrnbe-seftruroiorctifendcaottnoesdaurleatlaetseesfmoarthiawvvheeisc,mhetnhniotsieomfnfaeeycdtibtveheeaplrhioiebgmlhaetmpiarvtieciec in of tavwaoilcalbalses.esoInftshuirsfraecgtaarndts, -flhuyodrrinoactaerdbosunrsfaacntdanstislihcaonvees.anIunmpbaretricoulfaard,vtahnetyaagreesgoenveerratlhley mostoharevere aetftfaeicntaibvlee iwnitwhathery-dbraosceadrbsoynstaenmds,sitlhiecyonea,reanadblethteoy solvent or liquid-resin systems. reduce are the surface tensions only surfactants to levels available not for 2 000456 GK00908S EID606445 - Issues relating to Exposure dtSreualrdifeva,ecrpeya,prratotctuetclhtaeolrytsifcmoearnoubpfheodlaespltpievleriryey,d,.bogyr,tbebxyytictleohemfmifenuirrsnchiietaruslrebcumltaeananulefsrosscattaufortterh,ercblysetaantgiheensgr.ientSaitimlheierlcaphrraliiyonrfootrof o`mcraainpunefDsa,cItYsuurarepfrpa'lcsiecpaprtroiocoeenscsst;boyrbsythcreaetnhaoiiulsseeroshopblredieosrrp.ptolidde:livdeurryi;ngbyftbhre cparropdeutcifiiont; aat tpheartoifmetohfefcianrpge;t sutAresframwceoelwlpirnaosgteatcololwroeswaairfn.gerIfntorhthediismraercnetguafarandc,dftiuibrmrimenetgrdseitaaattgmeeecrnaetlsnefaloseeracdiantrotpoienttcshreaereaensmveoidrroeenmdxeunrtap,bloiaeptnposltihwceuaeltaoirrnognaenerod..f cfilberaen.ing than topical treatments, as the flaorochemical is distributed over the entire length of TcWooiwnt.shurmeesrpeccatretoprsoudrufcatcst.antsH,owmeavneyr,aptphleiccaotnicoennstraarteioanssoofciPaFteAdSwiinthfidniifsfhuesdeprreoldeuacstes siuscvherays. tm`Thuheseltiltaoelnrsgaoteuvbrieet.ycoonfsiPdFerAeSd,maenadntshetphaot rsesleiasbeosaiftlretilheeteasynedforfotmhleansdfeirlvlicseitleisfheaosfbteheenfiindaelntpfrioedducitn oAffaulrltfhleuroirsossuuerfaiscttahnetlbiafseetdimfeoirfe pfrigohdtuicngtsfaolarmesadisyo1n0-t2he0myaerakrse.t. In this regard theshelflife Other policy issues cfIonlnasamoimmnaeibnligensfltiiarqneucfieidsghfuitsrieeonsgfafnoPdaFmAmsSinaiirsmirresepipoonrrgtteetddheo10thrbreeedatuthceeomholusimetaenafnfhdeecatplirtvohepermriestkays.n.soFIofnrtrehexedaummcepitlnaegl,bpPulFmatAiiSnn-gg o1if0ndhcuaosnztsariyr,ddeourustsohopeofctPheFnatnAigSae-lclioyncnhateraacilintnihonrggiesmnkiisscat)lsogunapgspessri.edsesTrahenudtusscifitcnioocnnhssriiodnemeriniuvnmigrposlnuambtesitnnitgtaurlteiidocun,kc.eittihseiemmpiosrstiaonnt itIhnneftohrUimsSartEeiPgoaAnrdpbriytovhPiadsFeAbdSeebnyusr3eepsMorittneodrttehhseaptoUnaSsneEuPmtAboeirttoosfsSui"pgepnsoisrfeitnctaiinatstl cuNosenetswi"nhUuaesvdeepRbrueoledenu.cptuitIonnfoaordfwdaistroidmoent.,o pPrFoOdSu-cbtassuenddesrubtshetfaonlcleoswfionrghaelaidmiintgeds:numberofapplications until the endof 2002 identifies * ptrhoodsuecitnsvofolrvewdhiincahcrtihteirceaalresanfoettyffeucntcitivoen;alternatives; *thporosdeucwthsiwchhehreelptirmeeduiscerepqoulilruetdinfgoremriesgsuiloantso;ryaanpdproval for alternatives. apTboholeviece)yx,oinastsPewnAceSell.oafsTshAuecsPheOaipnpucllsiuecddaetiifoninrtsehefiingphr(tohidenugUctKfi.ooansmohsfouaPlndTdFbaEecidt(afmokiresntwhisinutcpophraeicsncsdouausntntrtsy(ihanassdmeeivnnedtliiocopaniteneddg that there is no altemative) 2 000457 EID6G0x6040496086 : 52 Production of PFAS 52.1 Overview s`TTohauebrlcemeo5ts.h3te.isrAilfglnliuofotirhcoeacrnhtseumgplipoclbaialelrfspeorefoddpsuetcroefclrkussorofofraoplmrkiytmlhaaertpyerdpisemruafbrhsyutoparrnoocadeluskcyaelrraest,neodtspurbismtaanrcyepsraordeucleirstsedanidn SRIutebcsiotsradin.mcpeosrftraonmt tthoenmoatrekettha(tic3.MthohsaevbeaosneldyonphaPsFeOdS-)o.ut MaorleimidteetdailnuismgbievrenoifntthheeiPrrPojFeAcSt Table 5.3: Global ProducersofPrimary Perfluoroalkylated Substances [EUROPE TNoRTH AMERICA ey [pm [sma xmovo mene F; CHEMICALS CAHREFMRIOCDAULCSTS & l[ em em MIT`ESLour: ((I1TA)LYPGFAssocs,Exes, Engind [JAPAN --ToTHERS | CGrEaNsTsRAL | G(ICIPs)KR AT PERM (C5) EC -- -- `TChheemiocnallys.prHiomwareyvesro,utrhceeseopfrcohdeumcitcsaalrs cpoenrtfaliunoirnogaltkhaenpeesr(fliu.ornooatlkfyulncgtiroonuaplisiend)t.he UK is Fs 522 Productiboyn Perfluorination Process pTraobcleess5e.s4.provides estimates ofproductionofPFAS by the three most important production `Table 54: Production Capacity Electrochemical Flvoriaation COMPANIES Je |FClouobrailntatiTornillvoride Mediated|PTeeslfoiamoerrosraitiyoniodide | [Esmtimatted [ooWiots [mr | `Sr ource: (1) PGe FAssoc5 Eixcatert,Eensgi,n Tas w yn *`Witdhirreecstpefcutotroinoatthieornt:ecdhensipqiuteescwohnitcinhuaorueslaylsoevuoslevdi:ng technology this commercial significance in the production of PFAS, although it icsoucludrewnetllly polfaylitatne * tienclroemaesrinagllcyohiomlpotretsahnntolroogley:inthtehreefaurtuereb;elievedtobe the world; three operators oftis technology in * rloiugteo,meriation: only one company is believed to produce fluorinated surfactants by this z 000458 E1D6G0K6040497087 : 523 Chainof rade cTtoohnetvhemeriatrrekdpertiondftuoocrepprersr,ifmoia.rr.myampneocrseftlpcprrroodoaudlcuktcystlssaancrdoensteoailitdnh,ienrcgist>ohl6edrcddaiirrrbceoecnttllayytoaorsmsipneidsrifrpeorcretmdlaoymnicneacnportonldsyuuccmtaesps,tivooerr paircndocudosuutcnrttissalaosrfpeteehcniaanlrdieltqeyudiprdreiodrdeucbcttylsy btbhyye.tthheeendp-prurisomedarusrc,yerpdricosodtumrcipebaurnt,ioerbssu.tabreSeaclageuessneeoorfaflttlhyheepasprmpoaodliulncttvesodltoubmymeasjtooherf producers. `ttAhhdeedsiUetKisouanpanplldliyetarbhsreorsaeudpipstlhyaawtaitdofgeeewtrhPaenrFgAseouSpfpalsaybpovairrratotuoafrlalyynaanleldxttdhreevmpeeollsoyspidmbielvenetPrsFcehAepSmrioccdoaumlcptsoulupsnptld,isew.rhsi,Sleobomotethhoeirfn rpcerolomadptuaiconininschgsiptsshpeewiciritaholiwssnemailpnlr-otsdhcueaclsteuspcpoolnntyraaocftsfmmlaaulonlruifnsaeccatcluehr,eemriwsch,aillswe.itohtChenerirtcsahiecnlsaokifimlltshteosinehaoavrreegacnparopifavlbiulloeengeeoedf chemistry. 53 Highly fluorinated substances outside the main emphasis of this study 53.1 Perfluoroalkanesoflow molecular weight Several companies produce fuoraocehlotrofhluoerocrarbson replacements. ptTheheresfeluEsouurbrosoatplakenaacnneessFa(l:sutorraoigchatr-bcohnainTeCc1h-nCiscaalndCpoemrmfliutotreoecyc(lEobFuCtTanCe)).hIatslisatsn thinetearpepslticaitniosnsomoef =+ icnlerotsefdo-rsmyusltaetmisodnoimnignreadniten(tdsi,lectic inert coolant), * microcell-forming additive for insulating foam production, andconsithedseourrcessofthese perfluorocarbo(n0s be: ++ NAaltuumrianli(u~m6p5r%oodfucttotiaolnC(CfFr,actCiFon)),, ++ SEleemcitcroonnidcusctmoanrumfaancutfuarcitnugrianngd, Speciality polymer formulations. FiuorocPaerrbfolnuoflruoipdesfnaoneuss,e in the lectronicsindustrycontainperfluoroalkanes such as: PPeerrfflluuoorrooh(emxeatnhcys!,cyclohexane), PPeerrfflluuoorroo(dbuitmyelthtyeltrcayhcyldroohfeuxraannd)),, PPeerrfflluuoorroo((tPirbouptyylltaemtirnaeb)y.dropyean), 2 #S9 1D6G0x6o40498088 : 532 Fluorinated polymers a`Arcvoauliednltuipnrodelelyyrmgoeoursssildohewatvdhieencsgomacpofsuolioltypfiotfenhoerinisntthsueetdnye,vdiibtraoicnskmpbeoonsntse,b(le.gt.haPtTsFoEm,ep(oolqy.(vpienryflliudoernoepofllyueothreirdse)) , PE pouhahysiibtceaayplpomenoaddrtishfitehcpaartteiwsoaeny.ntsAphspcalovipeceabte0idonensffcooruuinnbdde0tihncsilseuadreiet:aiinnmdaentayilf.orPmTsF,Eprcehesmuimsatbrlyyibsyficirhlyesirmple, * vpeessremlsa),domestclenginering spplicaions of PTFE (e components of machinery, *faabqruiecosu,s dispersions, c.g. for inks. Polymers other than PTFE Perflucropolyethers Hfiroodmittheedipmoployrettahnetrisntreermiemdpioatretapnetrfmleumorborparnoepeanonoxiiodne-:<xchange materi. They ae derived ~(CF:CE3)n (CF:CF(OCF;CF(CF)hOCE:CFSO,H "(CRACE),(CE,CROCF,CF; (CFs),0(CF).COM Polyfuoroalkyl acrylates) These are manufactured from the correspondingperfluoroscryltes. CF(CFa)CH;0C(-0)CH=CH, (CFy(CF),0(CF:),0CH:C(-=0)CH~CH, are included within the scopeofthestudyand have had uses as elastomers. Vinyiidenefluoride types `aTTyynopriyciadloef.motnnheodmoetarhrseer:lfikueolryo-o<onbteaivneirnyg sptoabllyem,erasndartehenroetfofruellayroflnuotrinwatiedhe.sgcporlyo(sveisnyslciodpeen.e CCFHa:==CCFFC,l_ CHF=CF.CF cvhilnoyrloitdreinfefufolruooertihdyel[enVeF[]CTE] hexafluoropropylene CR=CF tetrafluoroethylene -- ------ 2 000460 106G0K6040459089 : 6. PROPERTY DATA ``Twhoeulodribgeinaalvaaiilmasbloeftfhorerpevierw. owIenrjaecctueeanlticrtey,dotmneathseurexepdedcattaatipornovtheadtsaroesacsaorncaebolveerlaelvleltohaftdatthea levelofreview was limited. In ortdomeakre some kindofassessment possible, the Syracuse Research Corporation estimation software, based on established QSARs, were used to estimate properties. These data are summarised in this section also. However, due to the wlriimtiitnegd.amount of measured data, validationofthe estimates was not possible at the time of tTrriafcltuerdoaincteetroestafcoirdadiisfafesruebnsttasnecteofrwehaiscohnsi.s Iwtisthidnithse cscaaupesaossfpteechiidaslsctausdey,inbuAtppwehnidcihx 2h.as 61 Physicochemical property data `Thesedataarewideulseydin models ofenvironmenftaatleandbehaviour. Pros So datafmorPeFOSaregiven inTable6.1.Thesedatahavebeenreviewed by OECD. `Table 6.1: Physical-chemical data summary for PFOS (potassiam salt) [oop [Pomp | I Totwwz T hwewe | m1[Ems Vipoupressre |RSopiring | OECD 104 sovge TPhoflocorcecphocowohvomallovpesuoobs3tmnaon3receeE:n0atPtl1oxyef0 ECEomoran boot he orrE1o10fPa |e[ProtPmiaryeost e m Recon sur es haveshown rt no [worsoumay |shorotus[0C0105 [somo | oandnlgovaens. compe s o8 Gsmonrimdeucion Joe meThecum onssgroup tse a oem, APFO adsorpiion-desorption sreeningstudies Indicatioanresthat APFO adsorbs strotnogsolily; the Project Record gives more details. Othersubstances aAbovvee.ryThliemPirteodjeacmtoRuenctorodfddeastcariwbaess hfoouwnda,lltahneddsaotaewsteirmeatoebstawineerd,naoncdesaslasroy,coanstadiensscraifbleld set ofthe values. x 000461 6K009090 EID606450 Asa gencralisation,themain groupsofPEAS can be categorised as: * tLhoewsumboslteacnucleasruwseeidgahst,sovlovleanttisl,efloirqueixdasmapnlde.gases, of moderate water solubility.Theseare Msoeldubiiulimtytionhwiagtherm.olTehceusleararwcetihgehts,ubisntvoalnacteislei,daendtsiofribeidngb,yptohteenUtSiaEllPyAb.ioaccumulative, ow 62 Degradation data Biodegradation bDiaotdaegrfaodrabiPliFtOy.S and ammonium perfliorooctanoate (APFO) indicate low levels of PF-DOataSae given in Table 6.2 `Table 6.2: SIDS Environmental fate and pathways summary for PFOS (potassium salt) Em Swiimizactoanr. Tarotn s Blodugradaton | Vsaarrduarndnsotny dosins, wing mdoaodraa.caton amaryshies wssaueots The1090100Keo 61 fvory los alo, vFuagtaect0y5madelsiinsgosghmowesntica 60% in Noolsbocancenirdaotna. Nanbiodegradaia. PFOS has been found widely in humans andotherbiota. APFO sBieowdaeggeratdraetaitomne:nt1m3i%craot-Doragyan2i8s.mTsh.eTrheeisliakesluyggperosdtuicotnstohfbaitohdeegsurbasdtaatnicoenmaaeynboet iknnhoiwbint.ory to Othersubstances TNinhodeisocetahtrieeorsnumloetfasswtuherereebdiotddhaeetgnaracwdoeambribeliiantveya.dilwaTibatlbehl,etth6he.e3rleoifgnoKdriecatthpeerseBdtIihceOtWwioaInyNs taphnredogoaurrtaepmudtiwssapwsleauryseeeddcgatrtoaepgghoiirvicesaeladl.ny pienrsFiisgtuernece6.c1.oupTlheids wgirtahphhisgihmpbliyoaschcouwmuslatthaitona been ignoreda this stage. pomtaejnotriiatl,y aolfthtohueghsupbasrttainaclesdehgraavdeatpioosnsihbalse 7 000462 GK009091 EID606451 : `Table 6.3: Assignmentof biodegradation elass from the BIOWIN predictions I TT Eby aan Days se]| atysnBh rwens ee)FR-Wooomkse-|| Mortis|Rocalaitrant [I0Y 3| 6 X. 4 2g 2 3 o& CRE : 2 a Ey pic a Te 5 ? ] a] ; pe Cu 4 F : al Es 5 i rE Assigned blodeg class PFiFgAuSreba6.s1e:dRoenpcreasetnteastiounnogf tthheeSpeRrsissotfenwcaereand bioaccumulation propersies of oe Photo-oxidation arrPeahesdopisteccoatiolsssx.iesxdThcahitbegiiitorvendei.ensialTnnhhiefmeopraorptrreotesaodndittcotrenRedometaoctviaemolpolfmnyooxtetiodstcaaultphiprosrinscifkbonydrgospunfhb,oesetBadunhakceempgsihtydataltasyorostapwemrsomieisteveontmionntotehosrF hcHhoeynrdasertoalgnetfnofabnzsretroroaf,ctaibnoodnu.thAsSsedaaaynrs.ionTdfihcpatdiotan,tiaa sractcoeonocnetf1ni.nxTsh1ve07es%uncbmesa'nu`cmeosblebcssulgei/istohisn&eqos uivaslenm t to a 000463 Er06G0K604059s092 ! 63 Ecotoxicology data (seLiuPrtbFeseOrtaaStncuco-renestC.asAcRSteeesdNuaulWtmrisblweochbarihsaa1ci7iavn6rei3nrde.iw2beg3dy.110t)oe,usattaciacmnengmsdosciponnouitgleudnmetcoipoaneltlroyEfxlnbiuvecoitraryocoocnctemteseatsnneatdraetAfsegoure(lnspCcAeyfSrorafNnlupdumeiobnrefdorulso3tci8ry3to5sa-gornm3lu6crmou.ces1euu)s: hdaanatdvaebaaalslseiomaibnteedednanroeubrmnaboitenrecdoo,nfsainpdrdeoarprerediedftiuasrrctyuhsefsroeridmnuiltnahiAtsipoprneespa.odrtTi.hxeL2i.tlearttaetrurheadveatbefeonr reixfclluuodreedacreoiressteht PR andiO mmedS iate analogies o`ArCgosamunpbisastnamynstii(naflitsh,neuimnUvbneeirtrteebdorfaSttPeasF,tOsa.SlgTatheeseatnrdreeppsooerrwttsasgcewoevtrereeraetmdmaeadncteutmeaivcaarinold-aobclrehgraonfnoiirsomrset)veasinsedwwdibitychtatsrhyqeeu3satMte with birds. The tests were carried out on PFOS salts potassium, lithium, ammonium sud Nbd;ieReitnShg1ag/ne5onl3earmaaiptpneledie(bsDy.ER3Ae)Ms.ualntSsudfawfriieclpilebnrteemacasudteeeitnanoxvTtiacaebiiltdyeliai6s .neb4dxlhouivebericltoeeaudfrt.sFoeu.srutghgeersdtatthaatonthePFclOaSsssaiflitcsaatiroen uOstehfeurlabneaclaougsueetshoefy aPrFeOnSo.htaevxepbreesesnedstiundtieedramnsodfththeedaatctauraelveixepwoesdu,rbeuctotnhceenrtersautlitsonaorfetnhoet. PFOS analogues in the tests. 000464 ax005093 EID606453 : Tfablre 6i.4: tEcuteoxiscologicl data summary for PFOS (test dts expressed in uits ofmg! fC e ToE ei aE ro erTowbin FSma Toei PS el ee a SpE eer E = Ua nooars rE rm SE ET me [BmRens Tar J[oRrTys, ar [TrT oovF ameO roa SS | oEayn reser Soros capa | troownEEsmsearr28 Sore NOE [Fete Tomtom FL Mallard duck) Con ar Mort Sobwit quai) VNNoOEKCrouurnseey a= 1483pTpompimncnlootn NECmeare om NOECrusasny =73ppmin diet. Trm-- Teti PROSTom Treason] Tok PROS om Tow PROSorm a 000465 rimargoes : PFO (RperLsoeuvpliotdmseidsofofmraarcceruovtcieheiw(r9u6bs-yh)(DBultPueesotgnsitllcHaarssrukineefldils.ho)uTtahneodnreOsAnuPcltoFsrOwheywrnicethhsuusptpwmooyrktisespdescbi(ycRsaanioanlfbyosfiwrsestohrfwoauettxe)prowsfeuirrsoeh wscaoasnmceeonbfttersaatitnwieaodnssi<na2nt6hd2e atmreesgt.twhieTtrhhefeLo.rreemsaucclotrnsosciihdniedriruceasdt.e10Tthhbaeet cAvoaPrlriFedO.spThohansedialnoglwo9ew6s-tohr9dN6e-OrhEofLaCcCousbtoteafitn6oex3di4ciinmtytlhteo. freshwater fish. Othersubstances. etEscitomitamoatxtieicdonocbofyncaepcnrutetrdeaitcaitnoidnosncfhuorsroinntighcetthroeexmiEaciCcnoOdneScreAonRfttrsahotefitoswnuabrfseotra~nficsehs,seiclnofvn-etcraotinenbteraaditneeisnd atphnaedckdaaalgtgaaeeb,aaslFeluorwwteihrnegre saduemrtmafiaolcnstaionutfms hpwoeawrsfltuh1ci0srofowicantsdandaooantme,etaahnrodedtghiewvnhaeinpcphilnygttahhveee sPraaomjereectatseocRnehacnbolireqdt;upoertethdheiecitaripaopnnraolfaoocgrhuePsf.ForOSk.noawnnd hTprahezedairlcdotiwaoecnsctwoaercrdueitetnuosgEeCdtshae,sfootrlhleLobwCaissnigsvcarfliotureersciaa:dteegtoerrimsiinnegdtfhoerseuabcshtoanfctesheinsutbesrtmasncoefsthbeyirteestciongloer Table 6.5: Ecotoxicity categories, and criteria by which PFAS have been categorised <T but toxicityma aynot beexpresse limitedwatersolubl dbecause of T-at1toxic0iltiymmitaedynwhaottee rbeseoxlupbrielssedbecause of T0-TO0butotfoxilciimtiyte medawyante oetrbsoeleuxbpilressedbecause TT 100-b1e0c0a0ubsueotfrilciimotitydemdweaaytreartsobleuebxiplressed >T000 butotofxilciimtyitSmeadwyiantoetwrbseoleuxbpirlessedbecause "Not posiblteo assaivganiclaabtleegor--yno acute data aCacsautsteuegmoeErdiCets,ha1toaar, s2LuaC,bssp3t3av,nacl4euaepalwanacdesdSlaiinkaetplhpyilstycoatboeegtoghrroeysaetweosruubltshdtaannnocttehesexeefrsottriawmathotixecidhcwetafhtfeeecrltoswboeelsucbtaiulpsirteeyod.fict1the1eds saiumnfidftieacctioietnootnxseivciiimtdpyeondscaeetfdaoowrnetrhtees mbaoisrosaeivgarnioalbtauibsoitlniaotnyfdbtyrheeilis`acbsaloteleu(gbioi.rlyitmaye"iasnsuutbhrseetdatnevscatelsmueetdso)iuatmhs.eenpaItrfhatethreee sgworolouuubpidlifbtoeyr `which no toxicity would be expected below the limitofsolubility. However, since in this case. i 000466 106G0K6040595095 : tttohheekEesCpeurpegatadhnoedfgrLtoCouxspioscivstaeylpualeresvaetalensdaasgaialnisnotshttehstoaslboullbeui.bliiTlthiiteiisse,smaaanrkdeevhseerinytccelaatsrhgieerlpytoosessmtiaibimlnaettaeiismn,plaiit cilsemaorrfeocuussefounl subsequent validation exercise. cations of any rcTeahsteuelgtossruibfesostra1nPc(Fe3Os3S.9w%ep)rlaeacnedsdisi1ttarii(bnu3t2cea4dt%ea)gcor-roysses2e. tahTbehleeca6lt.ie6mgiootrveiedersleseawtfi.tohTfhtteehsectohmriepgsruhelehtssetnsffoirrvoeqaumseemntcooinfcstiounimyn perfluorooctanoate place it in category 4. `Table 66: Breakdown of PFAS by ecotoxicity category - wo sFurbosptaonrctesiobfny _eategory (%) oT T aT s ne | a Tes| 7 7] . a FsTs CC Ss 00s3 sSiugbnsitfainccaentfaammioliuenst~s nooftaebxpleyrPiFmeOnSt.ally-derived data were available for a few substances and TCThhheeemSiUcHKaElDsheaSpstaarrektcemehenontlltdyeorsfetFEoonruvtuimrPoB(nTmSeHcnrt)i,tetrToirapa(rnoisvp.iodrfeotraapdnevdriscitsehteetnoRcegeg,oivpooentsmenm(teiDnaEltTtRoon)bichohaaescmceiusctmaaulblslaitissehseuadcnsd.a ptroixoirciittiys)atwiionthprtohceediunrtee.ntnionthtehpartesdeanttaccaasne the following reasons: bietscnoomtpaurseedfu.l agaiantsttemtphtestoe acprpitleyritaheascrpuaerrti,offoar 1. aWchtiilveesbuibosatcacncuemsu,lawthiiocnhcmaannbyeofetshtiemsaetesdubbsytaQnSceAsRa,re.the models are not valid for surface. 2. tWmhoiedtehSlHssuEcahnhdaavtlehoedwreelvfeeovrleeolpoietfdwa,ovautiolldtahbbeleecdsmitefifaimscauutlrstedtioodjauthsait,siiftcyaiasspei.pmlpHyooiswnsgeivbwelaret,etrorsephlreaodtpievcrreiltyceorvmiaapl,airdsiautsceohntsoh,ge `especially within a chemical class, maywell be usefulforprioritisation. e`Itfmcfaejacontrimbtayooayfsbtsehueminesdduobtushbtatat.ntcheessaurbestpraendciecstaerdetpoebresitsotxeinct,,aalntdhtoaubglhes6u.ff6iacbieonvtessolhuobiwlsittyhtaotetxheervtasatn Fl 000467 EID6G0K6040596096 : 7. PROJECT EVALUATION 71 General evaluation `Whilst the major objectivesofthe project havebeenaddressed, it may be observed that: * Jt would have beenusefulto givea more thorough reviewofsubstance types i. accurate categorisations according to the Canadian criteria, but the number of `substances was too large. + owas not ideal properties, but the present extentofval non-val idation idat was d estimateof physicoche limbiyttheelacdkof data. mic al and ecotoxicity u* seIrnduesntdr,ythiseyaawarreeaawtatrhee osfupipslsiueersl,ebveultomfathney dOoEnCoDtiunntdreerssttianndthtehseerms.uTbshteanctese;amatwthae sitpheerlealfseodrp.eartsIotoi fmoewutiirdmeeursnddmieesrtcsuaswnsiditoihnnscgaatuthtatithosno,lmewevheiclcoohmf,paOonEvieCerDsa,.hlasovonemgmeeorartroiemdweaatisatc,iablneug,ftocbroeucdlaeduvseholtaovhpeemyebnestecsne there before offeringitup forconsideration. a0vsaIti.lsbcIleemn.aslvoenrgyelrikperloyjtehcattbatchkeeredabryardeatgaulwahtiocrhyirnedquusitrryemheanvtetchhesoesednatna ctoooulmdathkaeveavbaeilcaoblme 7.2 Any aspects of the specification not fulfilled, and why nT`oTohtreecsEacxerncehadseomubted.iantgabaapsoetewnatsialnloyt ufsoefuunld stooucrocnetartibtuhteetuismeefuolflyentdoetrh,eaprfouljlecsteasroc,hwuhislisnt iitt wwaess. aTPmhOoeSunm)atjfoosfrtpahuesbpleaicsctsleyosfsavmtaehineltasobplfeecdidafaittcaaatwiinoanstweohrtimscehoxfwpeeqcutahelaidvteyt.onbAoett bsteoheelnobwae,bgliaennntdiontmgheeoepftrot(jhoeetchtperreotujhematnhtfahoder shootpourweercaesidacvesameorersesulatsssilsitagnlcyedfriomfifndtruhsatenryntwhtiathfodractsaopermovaitstihon,ouTthocetbalsace ofthe sears as 000468 EID6a0K6x400597097 : 8. RECOMMENDATIONS INDUSTRIAL USE PATTERN OfTehEseeCaDricnhteexmipsaolsviiuotrnaelalsiunamcmotiravdrieytryintfaoonradmvaoitinidtoenrueinsntecitenhsatstahiertsyse dnusapulrbirscotawateinorcne.isnsTicshoepgeritonhwiatiannlghiaemsnprdbeesecsnoi-oiondrednoitfniaftiteehdda inthisworl Itinecessaryfo theUKtoshar information with th etherregulators. eTRnhEveiCrfoOinnMmdeiMnnEtgsaNloDefxAptThoisIsuOrseNtoufd1y:PsFhAoSu.ldTbhee ninupmubtetrootfhesuwbsitdaenrcersegmualsytomraykdeisfctussesniotnisalabtooutshathree. esponsibiltis betweenindustryand regulatory authorities, dItethaials not been practicable to investigate the use of fuorochemical solvents and fluids in oFRufEtrthCheeOsrMisgMtniuEfdiyNcoaDfnlcAeoTowfIflmOuoNolreic2n:ualtaerdwseuibgshttanscoelsv.ents and gases is necessary to obtain a fuller view otGrrigaavdneeinassatsthoiecoinarsettlioaotniscvotemolpybleesthfoeortlthleoitwiemrdeeussppc.oanlseesotfotthhiserperqoujeesctt,sftrhoermethiseparonjeeecdttteoama,lalonwdffoorrssaommee, dARelEvloeCclaoOtpMemesMnoEtmsNe.tDiAmeTtIoOaNdd3i:tonal work to sek and receive further information, and to monitor ECOTOXICITY, DEGRADATION, FATE AND BEHAVIOUR DATA fafAlopluainrndtgwfoirrtohmvioflnourtnotPraFircOiilStyy,scvuaebtrmeyigtoltriteylde1 cfaernoodtlmoraaiconiyntystdohauertbcaaers.eilsoGaftiipvnregen0ditchtethieshdiggtrohoxuifcpoirtefyq,suuiebns3ctyaclonecfaesssuthhbaastsatnbhceeeersen v1salaunatuirogne.ntTnheeecdattoegoobrtyai1nacnodnfliarsmuabtsotrayncteesstadraetalisftoerdtihneAseppseunbsdtiaxnc6e.s 2 part ofan in-depth fvPrrieordmoicnltomineognn-stt,eirnamdniedcxapttoheastuthraae5ta3rleictolnerseedaqelgucreoanndcaceteiproe.nrsTiohsfetetrnheceaesseaonnssdufbtoshretsaaenstcseiosncgicauatpendtbhreeisckauonrtfriecnitfppaetrceosdgrairanimsmtiehn.eg `ofwork have thus been validated. paTrnhodejresecotismsergoeoqfuoitdrhereestaehsedoaantcaqtauoirbseeiltsiiteoilvnleobtfehicanotgmfmuferortrhcweiararddleaddta.aatIranefhtoehrelsdcuvbescontnatfnitcdheaesotntffiuattlhulirysebryyepgesu,olamitteoirscyoiammupptaohnroiireaisrt,sy aptvoraocidolunacsbtilsededtrahattthaescfooiunnrtdcaieinsng.spIoetfrtwfholiousrlidsntaubtdeeydvwiitctaolhmptrheoasntpeeancntiystodaastrcaopnceoatlaln-ridenarddeieslspyocnrasiseb.seedsVsaterhdeiosuucssoicnpgoemopmufebrwlcoiircakl.ly 36 000469 E1D6G0K6o400598098 : areplpervoanptr.iaSeulcy.h aThsisuwbousltdseaptrwneovcuenletdbtheeeaxctcriedmeenltayllrogvee.rlookingofsubstances that could be "`tTwhhoeiusplrdsittmhaoerrryefofoforcteuhsbe.ecihmepmriaccatlicianlduifsntorytiismdpiovsesrisbeleantdo awcihdieesvperaenadd.pCroondturcoelrssbiamspeodrotenrsussehopualtdtebren IrRneEcvCoimOemwMenModfEedNtthDheaAtpTmoteIeanOstiuNarl4e:dendvaitarobnemeonbttaalinehdazwahredrseaitsesxoicsitsa,teadndwiathtrtahteosgey dseuvbsetlaonpceeds,foritt hies sumebamsiutrdeamteansthoofunledwbedcaoan.siAderreedgu.latory mechanism that would require producers/mporters to "RcThhEoecdCkaeOtdMa,nMaoEnwdNbDbeeAicnTaguIfsoeOrNwfalr5u:doeridnbe ycionmdpusoturnywdis laarellouwnutshuealvaliindibteyohafveiosutri,mattehids priospeerssteinetsiatlobief estiarme tao bteuesesd. UKREGULATORY CONCERNS noIanvtteeirroenisattsltwloeaxvisecli.etxTyphareenrsdespewedarssiinsptaterhnteciocouualtanrcdoiiotmntecrceosuftmtiehnenPcsFteuOdSiynbbtehyceaAeugnsveeoinrcfoyrnemSceaenfntta8htiagbhorltiehghltreedgoifconeoalnlecseasmnessd arising fiom its use in fire-fighting foams. tRIthaEitsCtiOhmepMomMrotsEatnNtcDotAhmapTtrIethhOeeNnfsii6n:vdeindgastoafbatsheeasvtauidlyabalrecfdoirstsheimsiannatdeodthweirdesluybswtiatnhciens tihsesAvagieanbclye stoo trhoesegiinavoonldnvleoadcalilnodffeivceelrso.piCnog-oprodliicnya,tiwoinothfsacotmievitceesntirsaelssreenstoiualr.ce being made available 1g PvRaFElAuCaSbOlaeMreiMnnEvoNatrDihoiAugsThaItpOopnlNinca7ag:teiosnu.bsttianscerse,coamndmetnhdeeydhtahvaet tphreopEenrtviiersontmhaetntmaAkgeentchyercmolulnaibqourealtye watnihatalhatysDisEsuTofbtRhseatnsdeaosnubbcesretag-norcsivss.epkmaeImstcessenhistosfumblioeddncbiteesnointeddaeprvtoaechhmlaiotpghihentrgenaoanrtebuesntodehmreasbtneaysntdsiumnbogsdoteafln.tchees irnishki-sbecnleafsis 000470 Gx009099 EID606459 9. REFERENCES E E E ERE L REmTaT E n r ----, -- EN5eo(a5pr Sndtn = PerfluorooctylSulfonates; ProposedSignificantNew Use Le l r FheScienceofOrganicFluorochermisty ___--[5M.199% || E ne m pe `UpdatedStrategicAnalysisof theUKCarpetIndustry , CH my Kissa, E; Fluorinated surfactants:Synthesis, properiics, and. 'BFPSA Call for Clarity on Fire Fighting Issues. BB = > 'BFPSAEnvironmeInmtpaaclt Statfoe rFimreFeignhtitng Departmentof Trade[=] 'BFPSA, February [ BFPSA,August 2000 [ S E E L E E ESea e a e r Ee r e e E e a a T [ [Tr LB7| meSre E eTsereTT ||E ] av| `A Competitiveness AnalysisoftheURTechnicalTexties |`DOeECpD,a2r0t00omFeTrnadte [>2] ] . 000471 Fr EID606460 t m a ESE r E EEaiE EEte ne EEe -- N n e rneaE neR rurp a--al--E p -- -- -- ee-- `Boutonnet, J.C; Bingham, P.; Calamari, D.; De Roof, C.; Franklin, 1; Kawano, T; . 000472 ma EID606461 APPENDIX 1: U.S. REGULATORY ACTIVITY SCHUEMMMIACRAYLSOF CURRENT REGULATORY ACTION ON PERFLUORINATED NTitoh4ve5eT"mobRxeeirpcoSr1ut9b9ts9ot.tahneIcneAstdCimoisnntirerspotorlratAt,cortDeo(gfTrtahSdeCaAUt)Sio.InntEEenfrfvaeigcretosnncmByeinTotecsaotlnicPnergnottCreoactmtimiooinnttAIengefeon(rcImTyaCt()iUosnSuEbTPmeisAtt)tiendg dShetusumcariaeingbiehedes.al(tDhEeBfIfTecSt)s,aasnsduablieogcioenscetnotrtaetsitonforintfhoermaavtaiiolnabfiolrtywiodfedergarnagdeatoifonc,heemciocloagliscawleroer. Ipnradedidtiiotnocptethreseisrted,pobrtidoesccorinbecdetnhaentdIrcTaC'utsseeonegocinoglstoraagtnedgiihecsumataolnidheenatlitfhy ecfhfeecmtisc.als that arc ThchahevemeiIcTapolCtse.inmtpiallemteontpeedrsDisEtBIaTnSd tboioidceonntciefnyutahtree.e cOlnasesesooffstthreuscetucrlaalslsyesrelwaatesdchpeermfilcuaorlisntahtaedt The ITC was niall interested in pecfluorinated chemicals, because: Thecarbon-luorine boishnighdlystableand litkopeerlsisyt. * aThnedrbeioiasccpuomteunltaitailonf.or long-range atmospheric transport, persistence, bioconcentration, * `Tehxeproesuraerse,ofrehwumpuabnliecxlpyosauvraeisl.able data on ecological effects, health effects, wildlife ``SoTwlhhieicci4ht5atithtioRwneaIpsnonrostvoalmitecinivtteiinoOgnnlevidonleuthnNatteatrtywhoerdIakTta(C_VswIuoSbIumOliNds)s.pioosnTtshleitshtIsrToCoufgahclhseotmhmieecnaVtloislounonentdairttyshawtIenibffotrshmietaetTiTfoCon.r dathisedksiepnogdtaEtraPe.cAiSvtioencptehreoitmvutololgouaknttleaorTnygSdeaCrtAathsasunebcmtainitosinsciiop(naast)ebdayntdo29p8o(Fsdet)brtrhuuelaseresy tl2io0st0rs0eo,qfuitcrhaehtetmihit ecwasoluusblmodinscsoiiinsosniwdeoebrf site,theITCchanged the submissiondateto 15 April 2000. nLiesetds6, which was published contained 392 potentially persistent chemicals for which the ITC (b1i)ocmonecaesnutrreadtiobniofcaocntcoernst(raBtCiFon) >da1t0a00f,or 73 potentially persistent chemicals with estimated d@a)tau,se and exposure data for 277 potentially persistent chemicals with no use and exposure (((534)))muTsoSerCaensApdeuecsxicpfoaisncudusreeexapdoanstduaerfeoxrda5pt8afopoostdreau2ntt9irpfaolotelerynt1pie4arlpslioysttepenentrtisadilyslteyespnaetnrsdpiesspttieigncmtiedcnehtecsmh.iecmailcsa,ls, and Ttohgeetlhiesrt aosfp3e9rf2lupoortiennattieadllcyhepmerisciasltse.nt chemicals included 50 entities that could be grouped " 000473 EID6G0r6o40692102 FtfihotertaynD-ycEisBgtIhrtuTcpSteurrfaplleurocslriaissntsae.tnec(deSeceh(ueAlmtPiicPmaaEltNse DwbIeirXoed2ea)gs.rsaiTdghaniteridtoynt-oci1>g02h-ts3tpreurcmtfoulnrutaolhrsicn)laatseasndeds.chwebhimioilcceoantlewseonstadrtiiadstfiniooentd dp8e(oset)ecnrstiuibbaelmdib(sylsotigohneoscItbaeTncCoalui-snwetatts4heer5ypwaRreetripetoirsottnr.uccoteuAfrnfalilcayidedrniettliao3tn-ead6l)1 1a2tnhwdee3rp8eropsdeeurlfceltcuitoeordniinfmarptooemrdtTcahSteiCmoiAncacsrresicttaeirnoidna mrealaytebdepi. euArsfrelfeuupolriinrnatdeeedviecnslhhoeupmeiimncagannlSsattnrfudrcoatmunriTemSaAClctAbilvsoieotcdyt.iRoenl8atci)onssuhbimpisss(iSoAnRss)i.ncluTdheech1e2mistcraulcstutrhaaltly iiiilv...AACrraeeumpseeetstatubicomilodiuetresascatonifvdtehdieenvg3er8ledopipeemrneftlnsut.oarlintatoedxchiiemcniacinailtmsaytlhasttusdaitciss,fy the DEBITS criteria. oEsntimasastoecdiaBtCeFdsoarndnHoenn-rhyy'dsroLlaywseCdonscthaenmtisca(lHLCstsr)ucftourrepse.rflEusotriimnaatteedd chBeCmiFcsalsfowreretheb.as$e0d /p/memorolfleleu,.orAsipunpgargtoeexsditimcnhagetmetilhcyheaylaslcfrooaufnlgdteheefvpraeopromfrlau3toretionaa2nt6de,d0b0c0eh.esmHuiscLcaCelpsstihrbaladengeetsodtilfmorantogem-dr1HanL0gCetsot>r1an10s0portaa.ttmmTmmh'e ppuseoerssfs,liubeolxrypooalslouknrygel-sl,iivoededindvdeiesrgoarnramedeanlttiikaoelnlyfparttood,uucentcdsoe.lrogTgoihcearlaIpTeifdCfepichstosct,oonaltynsidinsuhieinanglttthhoeeefavfatelmcutoasstpeohfeirpneef,rofrllmuaaodtriiionnngatoetndo chemicals. OapennlnuoMouarnocyoecd1t7atnh2ay0t]00ist,ulwffoooulnllatodewi"(nvPgoFlnuOenSgt)oatriiclshyte"imoinpsshtarwsyietuhsoeutdthetaonUdpSrfoEidnnudvciesruoabnsmwteiitndutetaelrsanAfggoerenotchfyei"ts(sEpoPrcoAad)lulc3etdsM," sHuolwfoenviecracIitd sandwoirtsthpotnaostsiinngan,thlaitthtihuem aEoPdAamhmaodnailurmeasdayltssifnogrlne-ddeouptthpeevraflluuaotriooonc.tane b3alyMt3hsoMauygishntdnhieecrwaettaeedrsetthianntgoctkhenecmhoinwicnqaulaesdsvbserhasoewhoesendalPetthFhaOtdoSrPaRerOneSvvierisornypmrpeeensrtesnatlisafttecelitnosnwt.ltehveDeaeltsnaviinsruoipnspmsleuineetds,a(hm0apvEleeDsAa, sttootrhpouhngmasatenenohdueetanlcatyhndtaonddsecvtcehulemocupalvasiturbesotininmtehuntutemosavbenyrattnhhdee aelnnoindmgaoltfetri2ms0.s0uE0e,sPaAfnosrdutpchpoeoulrPdtFepOdoStt-ehdneetciraoilmvlpeyadpnoyps'resodaupclrtaisns.sk TbChaeeroeallnimnMion.autneBdrc,oewamnneedrnbptyuwb3aliMscwraheespaoltrihtendandtasttheseoaenyeainsnvdugirreeotthnhamdtaetn"tfEuptPruoArteecwetoxepud.olsdurweTohtroektEhPewAic.thheAmdi3mcMailnsioswnaotutolhrde developmentofenvironmentally safe substitutes". CsPouFapOtpSir-negsbssaasnfetodsr sifunabbsraitccaisnd,ceblsaetaahtrshee.r,usea3dndMtosiopsrmocedonuptcaiepneuarinrgparno2gdeumcoatfjs,oprrtoordeuscientdasurscfthrrioaemlfffouirrsteestfoisguehtcnihhnagnacsfeoammitssh,te uEenxPdpAeorsseitsdaeanvdnaidlnuwgahtoaiftngpaonttyehneptoistauelbnsattdiaavlnecrresiseskc(sf0ftcdhceatttsemmramayiyenxebiehsotswociinadtievidduwailtsh atnhdis tchleasesnvoifrsounbmsetnatncerse. OwhnenOcEtoPbAerpr1o8p2o0se0d0 athseigfnirisfticpahnatsneoefwruesgeulrautloer(ySaNcUtiRo)n wuintdherressepcetcitonto5(PaF)O2)SowfatsheenTaocxtiecd a 000474 E1D6G0x6040693103 : Substances Control Act (TSCA) for the following substances: + * Perfluorooctanesulfonic perfluorooctanesulfonyl afcliudor(iPdFeOS(APF)OaSnFd),cerctearianoifnihsigshaletrs (PFOSS), and lower homologues of 'PFOSA and PFOSF, c`ehrotmaoilnogoutehserascshuebmsitcruaclturseusb.stances, including polymers, that contain PFOSA and its . TthheecSoNmUplReotfthliestoTfoxpiecrlSuuobrsitnaantceedssCuobnsttarnoclesA,ctcl(asTsSifCiAed)asis PrFepOrSo,dufcaelldinign wAiptphienndtihexsc3oopfetohfe report. TBahefifcesaclutisesdetitbnhygeiptshrniosoptoacistneitdoenr.nudleeEdnwtioioutilbedsedenexoshtiagulnsiatsttieevdec,eirnbtaTuiatnbplmreaonvu1ifdaoecftstuhraiigsnuguindaietndtcooieumnlptdoirtatiliesnsoglibakceetliyavffteoctbeed,. csiogvneirfeidcabnty tnheiswacutsieosn,wpoeurlsdonnsotthbaetssuolbeljytepotrcohcteesrsulet.he chemical substances that ities as would be pAelrlflouforotohcetsyel cshuelmfoincaatles,suobrstPaFnOcSes. importers ( noify EPA at least 90 are refered to This proposed collectively rule would in this require proposed rule as manufacturers and days before commencing the manufactu atchteisoencwhaesmnieccaelsssuabrsytbaenccaeussfeorthtehseusbisgtnainfciecsanitnncleuwdeudsienstdhiesscprriobpeod.sedrEuPlA.embaeryleieboveerdhiamtzhpaaortrdttohuoissf otopphorutmuanintyhe(aoltehvaalunadtethaeneinnvtiernodnemdennt.ewTuhsee `prohibit or limit that activity before it occurs. required notice and associated awcotiuvlidtiepsroanvdi,deifEnPeAceswsiatrhy,thfoe `aEsnPudbAstiainsntcecerosmn.attaicotnailnlgy,fotroeigsneegkovtehreinrmesnutpspoarntdoftorhearvcohleumnitcaarly mpahnausfea-cotuutreorsf,PbFoOthSdoamnedstrieclaaltledy a 000475 EID6G0K6O400694104 APPENDIX 2: TRIFLUOROACETIC ACID Treraigfelnuto.roFaicveetigcenaecriidc(sToFuArc)esisowfiTdFeAlyinustehdeivn tih frineochcenamnibmcaelesidiennntdiufsitterdy 7a,nd8,9asnadlab1or0atory Dierexctpptreoodbcuectrtieolnee:asdaendnutaotlhetomnonsagpeheisreapproximately 1000 t but very litle of this is * VBye-rpylriotdluecTtFTAFfAromis ptrhiossduocuerdceasiaebxy-pprodeutocbtceortfelseeoamsdeedchtetmhiecaatlmopsropcheesrsei.ng operations, * Aoacxttimidovasitptiehosenriocf soexviedraatlioonrgaonfofolrugoarninoefucoorimnpeoucnodmsporuenledass:edTtFoAtheisatpmroosdpuhceerde dbuyrihngumtahne * twUohsneenneosfdpeeghrraalydoeetadhr..aneThaendgliosboaflludreapnoesiatniaoensothfetTiFcsA. Tfhreosmetahinsesstohuertciecsisyeiseltdimattiefdlufoorobaceet8a0t0e * dsDbeeoccuootmmpp2oo0ss0ie0tiitononntnhoeesfatoamflotsTepmFhaAetirvteeostoentfvooirrCmoFntmCresin:ftlauloSroolamecveeellastf.el.uTohCriuosrcraeirsnbteolxnypetahclitsteedsmoattuoirvcreeissceofntotorizCbbFuotCuesss 160,000 tonnesbytheyear2020. Isctuormhfmaaescrtacalnistaosllbmyeaeyinmpsaoulrgstogaensrtetseupdletstthiianctiditenhsceicnpoernroatdtauiicontnitoohnfe fotlfruioTfrliFunAoartoebmduettchhynelmoigcdraaoltusapsauarctethaacvaahsieldpaebs1lt0ei.,cidSceeasvreabrnoadnl esatvoimr,otnhmeernetf.ore it is possible that TFA could be a terminal metabolite of degradation in the Tenhveisreonsmoeunrtceasnddsoomneootthaecrc,oausnytetfuunlildyenftoirfietdh,e ncatounrcaelntsroautricoenssmoafy eTxFisAt. measured in the Environmental fate properties pTaohtteesnmteoiapslrotppoeaohrctrecieurosmi,eulllbiasuttteedbweiilcnlatpuhrseeefoPerrfeoinjttesicatplelRryescipsoatrretdni,cteis.oungtgoestthethwaatteTrFcAomwpilalrtnmoetnbtewrheetraeinietdhaisn tthhee Toxicity to environmental species T*heNvfaoolluelefosfweficontrgsaroensulflaitsrsheghgaaevnnedaebrieaneelvnelroytbe>ib1ar0iat0nemesdlhna.vteesbtseewnitfhoeunnvdiratoncmoenncteanltsapteicoiness (9and 10}; >100 mg/l, ECs * * (ATRFaAppohihadclsolcebeceltsencsounsbchceaonpwtirntaat(ti0ao,nhaaovlfeth0on.uo1g2heftmfheegctesffhoeancs itsbheaeelgnbiisortdeaeptgocrrratadetadhteifroontrhaoonfnaeolrgsigepaiendciaicle.scaorfboanlgbaye Nacotievfafteecdtssuodngpel,antsseed germinationhavebeen observed. * Ecfofneccetnstraotnionpolafn|t mglr.owth under hydroponic conditions have been observed at a 000476 E1D6G0x6o400695105 : Environmental concentrations `*ThecAfotonmlcolesonptwhrieantrgiicoconnscocoenfncte<rn1at0tr-iao1tn0iso0nopsfgiT/nFgftAoherhroaarvidneewrbaoetfeenr1.0d-e1t0er0m0ipnge/dmi"nheanvveirboenemnenmteaalsucromepdasrltomnegntwsi:th 2 TShurefraecaerweatneordcaotnacefonrtrcaotnicoennstriantiEounrsoipnesaonlsd.the US are in theorderof 100-300 ng or`sdoCuoernrccseesno.tfr(a1tm0i)aognsnoitfuTdeFhAigihnerthtehaatnmwoospuhlerdeb,einprperdeciicptietdatbioynraenledaisnessurffacertwhaetoekrnsomawrne sedvierreaclt ee " 000477 Gx009106 EID606466 : APPENDIX 3: APPLICATIONS OF PFAS Expanded versionsofthese summaareigievesn intheProject Record. A31 Agriculture and forestry `Thisareahasnotbee studiedindetail * `Wapneadrlaisfientrigtciildiaezgeser,nsitnsefcotrichiedsebsi,cgiedersm,icifduensg,icbiadcetse,riwideeesd, nkeimlalteirc,idheosr,mmoicnreobgiroociwdtehs,rdeegfuollaitaonrtss, *FAosrawnetitnagbrleedipeontwidnerchpemeostsertiliaenntcds,cihiendsmeiecctasrleppeollwednetrssand toxicants WeCtotrrionsgioangiennhtibfiotrofrofloiragcehemical applicators *WeWtetttiinngg aadddjiutviavnetffoorrlmivae sntouckfdiaposc,fp0tltuyowwroeoetdshveeneepesrkinsduringdesalination * * PPeunlcptirnagnatifdorpreservative impregnation For Gcreasleloie l rteuabpeesn ilnflpoai erppnearptnmesarkigng, dyeing Trends pfOhuvanecrrtmiaoctnehaeultiipscaesadtlpedraefncldaudoeraogaorlrokcyhlsoe,mgirtcohauelprse iihnndatuossdtbrreyuegnsinaanntdhieangcrrioencachsoeirmnpigocraailtnsite.orneAsltotfhoonupgethrh,feluaotpraforiatsltioyftlhetoshFee acsuonbnassltioidgteuurceanstotisfontwhheearsreteamxrapgiaenntldmyeodltgerrcieufalltueolsry.oamnetdhynlo, wtrmiafnluyorcoommeptahnoixeys <rtocuttihneelryanscgreeeonfpgerrofulposrouanldkyelr A32 Carpets A trade association was consulted to a limited extent, A321 Useof perfluoroalkylated substances in the carpet industry (sYCiuoqrrufpiaedctsecfaoinnbtdraesicnaainrnegbatecrievdaatdecduyuwmieethdsfattlwhuaauoytr.bfoicnshdTemhtioectahwleesaatmsmoienntohtatgarloosiuolppsarinednvengnyrtiltsondsotccaarispneintnosg.t fardohmersepitlolsthoef. A322 Tounagesof PFAS eTshteimUatKedm1a0rbkeet19f5ortpfal.uTorhienabtredeaakctdiovwenibnegtrewdeieennttsheinthtreexetisle,eleactihsetnroatonkdnrocawrsnp.et treatment is A323 TrendsinUse Pe) 000478 EID6G0K6040697107 : Tcthhhieesmi3tcMyaplcesoruopsfoerdparatonetddecehtiaisovine.omnaadIfenftdehicevtiieddruoanwlunmcbdoeemrcpoifasnicoianesrs.pehatvemamufnadecrttuarkeenr.s wihndoivoifdfuearltochtehckpsu.bloiyc iGAnostroipnpogollytyphperroeopxpytylrleuensncieoncdauprrrpioecntesgsfgsiabvrniellmeaxbtrerkcueostimosenhma0roeraperopdrteuhvceaeleedxnutpr.eanbPsleeerfholyfudonrryoolpaohlnik,lyilpcserscfpalununobbreooanildnkcyaolnrsdpoamrdeadtteeed.d pbelrofwonrmmainccreofpirborpeewretcbss.com`Tphaereadfdaivtoivueraibslyefwfietchtitvheosate olfowhycdornocceanrtbaotniaodndiatinvdes1.s hydrophilic o`fScomoenccoemnpa(nthieersefoofrfeearlitngcrsattaiivnepsroatreecatvoarislaibned)i,cate theirproducts do not contain the chemicals `Treatments that containnofluorochemicls at al are available. A324 The Carpet Industry mhaenufcahcatiunroefrst,rawdholienscalluedress parnoddruecteirlsrosf. carpet treatments, fibre manufacturers and UK carpet. * Tmihlelrieonarsequa<r1e50metcearrpse(tmmsamn)ufianct1u99r7e;rs in the UK, with UK carpet production of 141.3 * eUxKporctasrp2e5t.9immpsomrt;s were 156.0msm in 1997 (57%oftotal market consumption) and UK. iiWnniddteehppeernneddseepnnettctssptteoocrieraesltiaasitln,sdhtahwveoreue4na5dr%e,18,c.0a20r00pe0sttfcolhroaeosirnscino3vS0er%mi,anfgjuonrriettbauiurlyeeircsnhgainignrtsohuep1s1U.5K,,Idneiptnacerlmtusmdeinontgf s5soa2lre0es0s, 89%, DIY sheds 2%, Others 4%. A325 Issues relating to Exposure Sudrfuarcienpgroftiebcrteoprrsocdaunctailosno;be applied at various sages in the chainofrade: * + basypraerttaoilfetrshperciaorrpteotdmealinvuefrayc;turer' process; * biynDthIeYcaaprppleitcfaittiteornsatbtyhethteihmoeoufsefhiotltdinegr;.or o{Tfohrpeeuaraicplphelarissceoatftifroeenarotsetfdafiflniubroperrooatcnehdcetmmoiarcskaewlshsitdcouphriicanarlge tfaridbedraeetdmmeaannfttuoeffracctahtreuprmeeatnsauluflnaoncwetscuertsihsneagcr.ayr.IpneQtsuuimctahenuaifnauscmttabunrceeersr treatments are appliedbyspecialist contractors and are sprayedorrolled on. (land 12) A33 Coatings (Including Paints, Inks and Adhesives) Two trade associations were consulted and others have been identified. " 000479 GKo09108 EID606468 A331 Useofperfluoroalkylated substances in paints and adhesives rrPelvlueoaurssoeesdcuhrafirnaaccstteoarnmissetaiwcrsa.tienSrci-lmbuiadlseaedrdliyna,dwwhaaettseeirrv--ebbocomommeeppocaosiaintttiisnogtnsosam1iponpilimimidpsrteoovcdreiaftfleiercvuienlglianng,d paencdlintgo.i`mTphienty show greatly improvedlevelingwith the additionofsmall quantities of flltzotroowseuftascutrafnatcecs oan taRhseeewsenplldoinpnrgs,otedosfulco@twssaaurnredvelynebovtyegltilhivneegnBasrgaievnttsesh iiCnnoo2antleiinimgnisstteFdaendnceuermawbthieeornroe(fuBPsCFe)sAiSnadnridcaaptpeltihcaattioPnFs.ASDeatraeilusseodf systems indicate for that non-stick PFAS are and not high temperature necessarily used in resistant coatings. DisecuussesidoinnsfwliutohrothpeolByOmFer water-borne systems but may also be present in solvent-based ones. he full rangeofusesfor PAS in the paint, pigment and finishingindustriescould include: * ALegveenltintgo,coannttir-oclraditfefreirnegnatidajluveavnatpofroartfiionnoisfhessolavnednptasints * * Leveling agent for floor waxes. Adjuvant for waxes to improve oil and water repellency * TAdohceosmiboantipmipgrmoevnetrffloortoaitliyonoprrgorbelaesmyssurfaces Improver for automotive are rendered non-reactive. finishes, based on water-based coatings in which the pigments + + PFiogammegnetnegrraitndoirnsgubasitdatnocperofomrottheewaeptptliincga,tdiiosnopefrdsyioens,,coilnoksrdevelopment * Electrolytic conversion coatings. A332 Use of PFAS in Inks fiRonercdmluuucldeaitndigosnussrufccahcoenthtaiernnsdifoutnoosrorwseeusrutlftasciutnraftnahtceseastboilaeisnthyaptlnoacsietmipicnsrkovefenldotwheoaiwnledyttlmieenvtegallolsi.fnag vMtaoarinimeyptyopfrinmtaitnegriailn,k life, and to eliminate snowflaking or non-uniform printing. rove.cylinder The survey received. by the BCF included manufacturers of printing inks but no responses were A333 `TonnagesofPFAS. iTshaessUocKiamtaerdkfeotr sfourrffalcutoarnitn,attehdemaacrtikveetinfogrrewdhiicncthsiisnecsotaitmiantgesd itso nboet7k0notpwan.. This application A334 `Trends in Use tsRihegesnpviofeinrcysaenlstaslttyoorpaetsistorunir.cvtesytbhyeithuesBeritotihshigChoaatdidnegds Fvaeldueer/ahtiigohn piendrifcoartmeadntcheatptrhoeduhcitgsh acnodst/oorfwPFeA5S3 a 000480 GK009109 EID606469 A335 PEAS Concentrations p`Fmlu,orofsoulrlfoawcitnagntrsaercfioncrlumduedolfiapnrtfoldoiuorocptnoslicsohnetsaainnidngla5te0xpa%tioat9s8a8t%coanccteivnet.rationsof50to 150 A336 Substiutabiliy Issues cFolautoirnogssurffourcmtualnatsioanrse. effective. usTehde oggeneetrhaelr vwiietwh ishytdhratochayrdbrooncaarnbd.onsoilricsoinleic-obnaesesdysstuermfasctaarnetsleiens an A34 Construction prNioorciotnysaurletaa.tion with trade associations took place since this was considered to be a low Use of Perfluoroalkylated Substances sP`twroeonatete,hcetpriovrreeosutirssetbaartncmieek.n.tFsFllbuuoaorsroiencdahtoeemndicPsauFlrAsfaScctaaanrnetaslusrsoeeddbuecfeourstheceodnssahtsrriuancikrtaigeoenntorpfarcioendmumecentntstssaaudncidhtioavasensciofmnocprrrelotovewe, ipdnresenuvsleiantttyisocno,anscaprpheeatlset.aFmnlidguprorarototiceocnht.eimvieScwiamriatlpraeprailtnyegdst.nreaotend wnoonawvrocevuensnesdcoanssrtrouocftiinognssuabrsetruasteed,s tfohr icanbeo PAS Types Afcrteqyuleanttelcy boeipngtohelsayarmmeeuaesserdistnothiempparat wapantederboeparerldlesnccyr,.withestpeihfic products Substitutabily Issues New prodareuantcicitpatsed. any A335FireFighting Foams R+ eEvFAioeaAwmreeSbaydibE-mGerroguepn,ciBeristiCsoh-oFrrdeinPartootrecwtiitohneSxypsetreiemnscAesosfofcioaatmiosns(uBeFsPSA) sfFuiorcaefmcfiesgoholtufitntighoenfoifsuaemlas.crhTaathveedepuartnoiptqehuretefideeisasotcufhraterhsgaeencndoonzsbztelineteufieinntttsosianoiffitfghiheltliefndogbafumblsbalmgeimsva,eblwtehhielcimhqurifedlsoifasittraeon.ncTethhteeo heat. The bubbles form ablanket which: 000481 ax00s110 EID606470 -- ++ pssufrefoeaptvetsahaeiearnrnfdrerletoexmaatssitenohtgefufilefsahlmeaessmstm,haebaflniedraetnhderteofxoirc: vapours cools the fueltoreduce vapour release andthedangerofre-gnition. Use of Perfluoroalkylated Substances in Fire Fighting Foams FCirryedrofcigahztbionng afnodapmoslarcosnotlaviennti)n.g safeguard the following: TPhFeASy.caanrebeuaspepdlieodn vifaieisedinvsoylsvtienmgs aflnadmimabmlaemalliqyuidbsy ++ stpainlkssaannddbtuannkdesrs = process area bothindoorand outdoor *+ aaimrcmraafbt lanedlaiiqrucirdafsttomraaignetenance facilities Fwiarteerfipgrhitoirng(fodaemlsivearryc `vimaechaannioczaalle'.foTuhmse p"rfoodaumcesdolbuytiodnil"utiingfead fuonadmercopnrceesnoturraete0wittheh badflnilasdancfmkhmoeaaturbgnwlesoeounlllouizdqtzuilinodesnes.,drewrmAheafipitclneeshrn.iaaseFhproieanartgimeoisfdtphhoreafovtseteoilecmutvetio,iolotnvnhe,wedesbsroueibnabtcloebtbslheaebnkrr1eee9tqa4uk0io5rdfeoadnfwdoonvafem(aralnubadunnbdabeeslxrettsseuhncdfheo(dtrhmpoeserfooiovoandem)r g+enePrrioctteyipnes(:P) = Fluoroproten (F) *++ AAFqilluomebooFulosrRmFeisinilsgmtFaFlnoutro(mrAiopKnr)goFtAeoianRm((F-AFFPFa)AEn)dFAR-FFFFFP * Synthetic (S) cdCmlelaasaiyisngslntyAheidocnfpkoreiiannmemoarrrscgioalnanycniectdnomtslritaxattbeoiuslritesahswerreeossfaueuwnsrieiftdraohcnoeinocttefhsnieursrreisfosaniooctnlfavvtneotnlhstve,sinwagaamntwmdeooroncdaion,uldpmo6aupsareulslrlp.ahoanwtdbeCerlt3uatnbsebdsreorpr.A.epThlnhoetecnsoaeernrrweeool,sfy tisuhnrevfosalocvtliaunntgtisoNntaoimgnemttoahbetlhreewmiltaihqsusaidoddsfi,tboiiuvlerssnionrggrmeaatseer.ialT.heCsleasussuBalflyoacmonctoanicnenstyrnahteestiarTeouossesdtohnomfiinress It is reported that fluorosurfactants are concentrates and some Class A agents. used extensively in formulating Class Fluorinated surfactants are used `because B of foam their Wexactelelent aphyesifceaclivanedsuchrefmaicctalaonsrttabfiilgihttyi.ng Bfelcaamumsaeblfeluloirqiuniadtfeidrsc,hains repel oil as well as PFaArcaSlso repotorbteueseddinother fir fighting products. Tonnages of PFAS a fire fighting foams eTshteimUatKedm1a0rbkeet65fotrape(r1f6lu.o2r5o%alokfytlhateeedstsiumbastteadncteostaluUsKminafrre koSifeghttingA0Gfupoe)a. m manufectre is o 000482 E1D6G0x6o4o7s1111 crhaoenmkmiirnseglssaito(i1nveinqghu)igaahnnedsttn)iooffno-rfeeommaiismsssiuivseveedusuiessresrss(ee(omnueotnrgieenmnetchryegdetinasbcclyheadrbigeselcsohwoa.nrlgyTe)hs.eLsee. raarinvianrgi,otuesstiinndgusatnrdy [MarketAres [hviaon TT Emissive | NowEmiwie | ee [[OiO1 Plferftesrtohicohnreiemnigcal indust T | y 5 51 --T---- ------ [[GP1 oovweemrgmeennertation [ 5 5------ -- [Fi=LroeOceaxrltiAdunotghfeuoirmipiorsrttahynceers(B_resie_rnvit_eeersm)_so| f|volumeso2 5f f--sorosur| | fact--ant--s us--e3 d--- T--hi--ghs--|| Theshel lifeofflvrosurfactant containing foams is 10-20 years, Trends in Use oFlcucourroisnugs.factant-based systems are the foams of choice and no move away from them is PFAS Concentrations fSAloloamflimraeunofutiffgaibhctetioutnrwgneerfessonaham1vs%e aafronerdms6uulp%aptlceideodtnhaeiscr aeprncoodtniuccnretnwstaarbtatyteeeu..sTinhTgehseeBlcFeocPneScdeAnbrtlerepanotderstoisfs thuhyastdedrmoaicnnaytdUoilnKue. gafeplnpuerorroaoxlc,iamfraobtroenaly3su0%r.tf5ayc1pt0ean0At.sF8F%t.FheprrAeotbdyu3cm%titschioemnaicesmniotnurgantttiohoenfaifnlmuowouranittneeruostfheedfliluneovtrehilneeocfoinnfcleutnohtreirnapetreo1wduocruteld.udcbeIden. cd1oo0nwt%onaif(nt0inh0ge.0f1lf5uiog-ruir0ne.as0te2fd4o%rs.uArFIfFnacEft.launottrhsoepprrBooFtdePuicSneAsdyasbltyseomPsrFecApooSnrctefsnrttorhmaatttiefolinorsemeafrriiegshsattoiimnogenwfuhosaaetmmlceusocsn,hcaetsnmt3aal%tlcetsro aampopurnotxsiomfatthe0el.sye 1s0ur0f.a8ct%anatssotphpaonsefdortoth1o.s5e%pr1o.d8u%ced(abppyroexliemcattreolcyh)emfiocraal 3f%luofroianma.tion, ic. Substitutability S`Osynuslptypermefsslsuiohoranovsepurrofbpaeecertntainettssesgtoiefdvb,eobtthuhe lAtohFweFsFpurreaffnaecrdereFtdeFaFpsPeironffsooranmemacnecssyessatiresymspf.roorvtAihdeevdfairblimye-tyfpooerrfmfislnuugrofrvaiacnptaoaeundt,r straight-chain aliphatic anionic surfactants with achain-lengthofabout Cy-Co aeTnfidfsemcriteinpvioemrmitesediabnnygstthohfetehixrtneiadntguatsiosthlhriifntyegaffnildeampfrmioagphbetlrietnygl.ifqoFualimduosfrciorsosunrtufisunciitnnagngtcfublravesonertdosafupropfalamiccstaataniltosnoartreecdthuhnceieoquntehlsey saumbostuinttustioofn,poitteinstiaalplpyrohpariramtfeutloicroenseifdMeurcntthse c(hsavnagnedinwartiesrksbaosmso)c.iatTehdusw,itwhhfeinrescoan6siwdeelrlinog2 0 000483 EID6G0K6o40792112 : aintdhaltshoerfeqouaimrsestpheemisaallv~esg.entFloeammesanwisothfouptplfiucaotrioosnu.rfactant re considerably less effective Issues relating to exposure iFfniogdahemtssiignanfarlteahdmemaladnbdlinceoslntitoqruroialdgleeidruanerteilaasnrdeaqniudnirsiseood.cfilaTimhlieetyetdraasricenailonenglaeynxdeurdsuceridasteiisno.ne.Tmheirsgweinnciynsgittuaakteisonpslafcoer `TbmuhitenitmBhiaFstePdwS.hAeRrreeelecdaoismsemcshemanrudgssettnishoantethchreeesasutanernnysecteosseasrtyabdliisschhparegrefoorfmfaoncaem, sfhooaumldsamlowuasytssbsehoauvlodidebda +drcionnkseirnvgatwiaotnaerreianstakie.. SitsofSpecial Scientific Interest [SSSI)) sThhcoeounlBdtFrbPoeSlAceodlrleewccatotemedrmsaennidd.sdatirhsetapsfowoohasemfericedonnicavecenortnr,tartloealklaeesnddooraprdofnrodeassmpaosonelsuiptbrileoesne,mntaa)snnweelrl1aaipperefglruiennet, i`OJnfwotcfaeaitnlcteeicortinrr.oecfautmtFmsheotenaatnfmacaceuisstlo.ihltouyrPtiristiohyonoruroleorcdestibmhveaeilncelgolnstetphaiaelcsltfeseooidafsmtfhooasarahsgmocueeolrcdtfoanfaiclnoesnaotthmbeeidnciasonpnotysafacoltrepdmr,1octehadeduvHrieseea.tthThoh&mooSsfaogscerety. aa2un5td0horptihtmieensi.r.elLe1aa2sr0egdelrtsovowlpausemteeistwroaoftfefrfooatarmmeacstoomnlecunettnitofnraaotcrei4lm,e0us0s0irnlbaiteceeos,dnispcsaeaprlnoalstbieiedovndoiolffwufitottehhadrmotwuhigcethoh.nmowTeeaenretesnanta1ye; disposal companies. `aTdhderEensvsirtohnemuesnetoAffgiernecfyigahntdintghefoFairmesSaemrovincgessthoatvheer tohiinngts,prTohteocporlot(oNcoovleimnbferes19t98) which ++ tfahdieveiFfciiregehwStieilrnlgvbifecoeeasxmhcoihnualtndrglaeindsisnoegnweisxptcehcrietfihisecAssgdueobjenescctnysootsnaucualhsaoecsafplioblralesuitfsiiognth;otienngsuforaemtsh,tfhraetwtahteeurseroufn + teohfxefcdlFeuicdroeendtS)eaarmnvidincaaetlsieosxnheoprureloidcsesidnuifrnoevrsomlavntidhnegwfaAsogtaeemnmc(ayenxcoaegfpetamlilennitn;cdieadsneidngtsnaitnevofelsvtinrgca)f,oam (car fires 1-2 A3.6 Intermediates `Consulaion in this area has concentrated on additives uscd inpolymerprocesses. Use of Perfluoroalkylated Substances PLASTICS AND RUBBER INDUSTRY += AEsmuallsaitfeyxinsgiaabgielinzteror polymerization, particularly floro-manomers * Toaidin the preparation of agglomeratesofpowdered lvorocasbon polymers 5 000484 E1D6a0r6o40793113 = + AInadntjsuuyrvnaealrnagtnifdsotiscyfnmotihaxemttiuinrcgersiabwbgietrhes,hfnoyrdelstrieonacssa,krldbeaotsnectstusirofnoacftacnrtacokswet low energy surfaces incding + AFsoaammoaudlddeilet0acsieonavtgeoenltsfporresaidliincgo,necs rawcldgibnuilgdu,p. + AIsnenfraacntiomriysptrfoiclemssfeosrmer +WeAtdtdiitnivgefgoreefloirmnirneatstiinonmoftofrorladeafipdirniiptnsipolena,sstdtircelnagtmhinates + + RHoetmseiltnadadidftidovreifiomtrpoiriolvvaeenddgwreetaisneg'rbeopnldlienngcywith fillers +AFdljouwvamondtiffioerrrefsoirneexttcrhuadnitng hot melts: spreading, uniformity, ant-ratering RMeotladrrdelefaosreplaagsetnitc,isdeermmoiuglrdaitnigonaogreenvtaporation + IAnntte-mballoacnkiingtaatgiecntagfeonrtpoolrypoolleyfoilnesfins PTFE production c(pTdoehinrescfselohniltiovrgreaohdto)ic.potrnaensgosTrauhetraeeeteaerpnmedtur.hlfalsanuinootrnhnoeioplcoctsrlatiyntomiorcesartl(ieusmsaieutcxaieilolsllntyoasrdficaTiossnFcomepEinrctoereplaymltiepipslo,eonr,yopsxwryhodwviaictdaeiernbgoinnailtweh)1iscrhpereassmeumnssopneaineudms4 PsiTzFeEoftpahneiclmeicsealeles controls the amount of TFE in suspension,iwchhicihs aibnouttur0c0o1n%t.olTmhae. s`Pmeiorsnfoltmierironsot.chteas"nTcohibecirleaicissiadgtoocnoaondfetbxheepeurTsiFemEde.ntiaHnlocweoevpvioedlerynmtceserusteahattiios(nshuebojfaemcTtmFtoE.nciowunimstihgpeeortfahblelareopfrlorueoorsiptnaootnessd Kaow-how in the production ofthe much higher value melt-proTcFeEospsoyambalnse A3.7 Leather Onetrade association was consulted and othershavebeen identified. Use of Perfluoroalkylated Substances n the leather industry `tTwrraeetaaettrmmteehnntetsysrreaelarectasawepiphtlyhidertdohce0hlloelretiahctehcaecriindantadhnedstruaemadcitntwgoitdphrrtouhvmeipdarenodotieoliAnnvsastuienbristlsehteqaauietnnhtreedrpre,yliennTgch.ei.sOrnTeaJnnnotidnssg tfishuerntohtrehmriacltklnyressseeoadf totahnremhliredeeaeqtuhnteihrratet(drfseaosqutiihnresetssavnecureyirhniifughprhaeolnledscveteerlesreoydfmgrooaidlsetsa)n,wdebwuiatateberalneep.perleseenncteptrhroovueghsouotf TtFhlheueoyerficfnaiacntieeadnscosyuriofmfapctrthoaenvpterstocahreeeslsea,vlersloeldiuunscgeeodfpiranoccrvyealsrisiciobnurgsitglihemtaetehnaeernredmmaiunnlucsfriaeoacsnteusrtoihnnglqoupaartlohicete,yssoefsth(0e rimepsroorvet. a 000485 EID6a0x6o4o7s4114 ee 2 Tonnages of PFAS TehsetUimKa1mtaberkedet19f5ortpf.luTohrienbatreedaakcdtoiwven ibnegtrwedeieennthseinhrtcextsielce,tolreat5hnerotankdncoawrp,et treatment is uWsheilisentohtekBnroiwtins.h Lesher Confederation is aware that people are using PFAS, the extent of PFAS Types pTeacnfnluionrgoctarrebaotnmcehnatisn.arAe tyupsicaalllsytrubctausreedmiognhtcbhe:romium complexes containing a long [CiFu-S0:NH-CR)-CO:] [Cr(OCL' eFxlhuaoursitneadt.ed surfactants can affect the rate at which chrome tanning agents sud dyes are `Substtutabilty Issues Talhteemaretcievnets (3BLMC)d.esision has meant that some users in the leather industry have found. The Leather Industry In1997theewere 126 tamners inthe UK, 8%ofthe 15i5nth0e EUas a whole. Of hese, 568%%aswelruegecl(a>ss2i5f0ieedmapslosmyaelels)(<(15.0 employees), 36% as medium (50 to 250 employees) and sues relating to Exposure Atsrepraottemcitenortnsh,tMfuinoirsohcinhgemoscfhleslceaatnhebr.e applied ether at the tanning sige of as a topical Fprloucoersisneast.edTshuerftaeccthanntisquheasvseuibteaebnleufsoerdapipnlhyyidnrgatfilnugo,ribnaattiendg,suprifcakcltianngts,.daefgterretaasninnignagnadret:anning + sc`apssrutascypoiesnatsgiionng or solution; + tumblingin a drum, in whichthe leather sobs the fluorinated surfactant form an emulsion, 13,23 A38 Metal Extraction, Refining and Processing Consultation wiasutpplhier and trade association ook plce. UseofPerfluoroalkylated Substances Awide range ofpossible applications for PFAShasbeen suggested: 5 000486 axo0s115 EID606475 AdIdnictlieavneinfgoragseolnvtesfnotrcpleraonpiengr.ty improvement = + AAddddiittiivvee ffoorr mcehtraolmepieclkelcitnrgopblaatthisng1;0suirncfraecaesetebnastihonlifreedauncdtiaocni,dfrouanmoifnfg + PrAodtdeitcitvievefaogresnotlfdeorrincgoaltuixn,gses(pteacmiiaslhlyrefsoirstealneccet,rognriecacsiercrueipterlylency) Corrosion inhibitor TAdodfitoirvmeafnotriemticshtafnitlmssolauntdioannftoircoinmdpernosvaetdiodnefsiurnfiatcieosn. PlIansstoilcdeprrienpglaftlcuxanfodrsmiilcircooneleetccthraonntictsecthonroeldougcye foaming + = AIsnacchoelmliociadlarloduigshpienrgsiaogneanitdsfoolrutmiaognsn,eptriicorstoolgiadlvsa.n.iz.ation + WPerottienctgivaegecnotaftionrglsefaocrhailnugcmoipnpuemroarnedsaasnadn aansatibflrootchkifnlgotaagteionntagent To promote ore wetting and quicker breaking ofthe protective oxide layer ST`uhWrieftsahectraesnsutprsefcaptcrtetaovnetmsnettramelidsurtceesftotmrhemenetds,itzbheyeogmfaasignabsububbslueebfbsolreevsPoElbvAyiSnlgiosawteinreilmneigcstttrohsdeuepsspurdreufsrsaiacnnegtste.elnesFciltournoorpoilfantaittnehgde electrolyte solution. ShhyyoddmrraeozxiinPdeFe,AshSooluttaircoeonnscs,etpnabetlrremaitteitndinhsguolstfthuierliepcroeadncuvicidt,rioohnnomotefnscttosnacbselnuetcfrhoataaemsds ihhnyodtrtohcfehlsrueoommrieiccd.iaaac.ciiTddh,aenadfnohrsymedadrtioiuoumn,s oactfaingfoaasmabbalrarnikeertaonndtrheetasrudrifnagcteohefetnhteratirnemaetnmtenot tbfhathelpercetvroelnyttse,the releaseofacid mists, by eN"nborgtiignaheltle,rcsihhnrignopymu'iruppolmastepislna.gtefrosrudsoemPesFtAiSc,usoen.lyPtFhAosSe ipsrnoodtucuisnegddienchoarratdicvehrcohmrioummiuplmatpilnagtiunege--d tfhoer `Tonnagesof PFAS and Trends in Use `The chromium plating industry uses less than 2 tonnes per anmumofPFAS. PEAS Types With respect to plating baths can btheebapsroedduocnt:s of electrochemical fuorination, mist suppressants for metal ** qKu,atLeimdariyeatmmhoannioulmaNsmaHlit,ssnalet,s amines. PFAS Concentrations Inthe mist suppressant PFASarepresent at a few ppm. Py 000487 EID6G0K6o40706116 > Substitutability Issues Owing `where hlyodtrhoeciarrcbhoenm-itcyaple sstuarbfialcittya,ntfsluwooruilnadtendotsursfuarcvtiaven,tsacnadn be the umseetdalintreelaetcmtreonptlaitnidnugstbraythsis. `efcfoenccteimveedsuarbfaocuttantthsefpoorstshieblperleosvs eofnoPtFfiAacoSi,ndamsisstuschdusruibnsgtcanhcreosmiaruemrpelpaotritneg.d to be the most Formulators `T`osfhumepapriBensSsPTanFStAAsSfoisrnudphipeclxaiatervessa)l.etnhattcthhreormeiaurme styhsrteeem,sm(athyebsee afroeurb,elcieovmepdantoiebse tsaukpepnlyfirnogm atchiedgrmoiuspt `Around 100 chromium platers in the UK are estimated to be using these products. Issues relating to Exposure Atexrlteaeanrttgm.eenutTssiheernwirhnetsithcerheUPmKaFimAnSasayorncuusteheas mafaretcwee rdirhaaulgnd gdarenedddookxuiitldooifgstresah.mesporTfohceethsdesrsaetgaomnuakttetrgoiooaelnsslyetaoacwhvaeyrseytaleri.mwiTattheeedr treatment, at a wastage rateofabout 0.5%. Policy Issues PFAS are facilities. eTxthreempellaytiunsgefsuolluatsiotnh,escehhreolmpitco apcriodt,echtatsheahelaolntgholfiswtoorfkehreasltihn chromium plating effects including ce`Wavhriecdrieennoctgeheeniindcihivtuiymdia(nwnghsisl1ee0ctosinholnoywinaittsihmseaclmalirdcndiulnmoebgoefentrihco)ef. cnAaosseemsoirhseaevacetoebnmemaewonanyr.eepfofreOtcetwdii,sntcghhetrroeotmihiseussmuefefufilfcceiecretsns,t c`shurbsotmiituctiaocni,ditisisuanpdperropprrieastseutroe cfornosmidtehrethHeeaclhtahngaendinShaefaelttyh Erxiesckustaisvseo.ciTahtueds wiiftchonisncirdeearsiendg. releaseofchromic acid mists alongside reductions in environmental risk. 1.13,20) A39 Mineral Oil and Fuel `Consultation took place with several trade associations and expert groups. UseofPerfluoroalkylated Substances * WAestatifniglmasesviasptoarntaftoirooniilnhwiebliltotrrefaotrmgeanstosl,idnrei,lljientgfmuul,dsso.lvents, hydrocarbons * LIunberxitcarteimneg,prceuststuirneg oil improver, lubricants to improve penetration times Oil sillcollectingagent Additive to improve tertiary oil well recovery a`sWastuerrf-ascoelutbelnesifolnuodreopcrheesmsiacnatls siunrfaacvtaarnitestyhoafveaqbueeeonuusssetdimiunltahteioonilffileuliddssfionrceltohwe-paerrlmeyab1i9l7i0tsy, ss 000488 EID6G0K6040797117 - oil and gas wells. A310 Paper Fivetrade associations were consulted. UseofPerfluoroalkylated Substances + pPfFahlopouoesodrprbhpooaacachtkereamdcgaisictnnaedgrls.smaorFaueorlaeodpdpeurdpsopaevrcdoekddatfugocoitrnpstgr.hoiivssP iudosener eowioloo ,fraltsdrhtd -eeawmiimnadu aiejan.onlc rdyuagst prpeeldais csiaentfibooanorsrdi,aernfsdastfffoloruoopdeaeapcenhrodspiaennt,d + * pIPrneFvpAieSgnmtmseaonyitlebidneugcsoaaentddimnaignisonantssatoichnieattohieuotanspiwpdieetoahrfapbnlocasxeoteifscoctrohbeatapegadsck,paagfpleeur.o.riAnatreedpeslulrefnatcttarnetastmaernetuwsietdh1a0 Muorinaled surfictan prevents ft nd grease from seeping into he edgesofstamped out polyeotrhpolyyplroepynlenee lined cartons. Maltierniearlbsotarredat:efdowriptahckfalguoirnign:amteadchsiunrfeapcatratnst,sfroorpper,ottweicntei,vemepautr;poses include (2): +fombluadlktieinrvygalplcrabrootgodsn:su:sacnfnaotcrdkpssfen,otaocdfsko,ofdcosaokdse,mifxaests,fopotd,focodake mixes, margarine, `confectionery and +dfuepxlibilceapatcaoknardgrienpgr;ofdauscttfiooondp,acponefrectionery wrappings. support cas: confectianodnbaekerry products, EfuomrruflapscaipaoetnrsscscoroaentitsnalgsionciuonsmgepdoasiNinuttoihorenisamtauesndefdsiuc1r0ufarpcretoaodntufcaheneadhtiwgsahenxsgeilstoisavsnedpp/aaoppreerprafaronardfefixinankmapJrelete.prreilFnertaisanesgnaopgsoesnpetsss @. Other reported PEAS epplications include: faosracpluelapniinngg tsuibdes inpapermaking, dyeing Tonmages of PFAS TheUKmarketforluoinatdactiveingredients inpapertreatment is estimated tobe 60 pa Trends in Use Fdilrueocrtolychienmciocnatlacpthwoistphhaotoed.cstrs have gradually displaced chrome complexes for producis PAS Types Monomeric fluorinated surfactants, their chromium or zirconium complexes, and polymeric 000453 EID6o0x6o407s8118 - aApuprroocvheedmifcoarlussearisnfuosoeddpfaockargeipenlgl;epnhtotsrpshtamteentess.terTswanod tpypoelsymoefrifcuaccrroyclahteemsi.cal product are PFAS Concentrations `One producti olad a 20% aqueous solution in waterisopropanl, Ffuoorroianltkeymlalphaopspplhiactaet,ioins naebeoduetd1fgo.0o%otd0 1of.l5r%ep(eblalseendcya(n2).the weight ofthe dry bre)of a Issues relating to Exposure aTiplnpuclolirucidanetaditioenndapnsidugfmiiecntetaaensdtisceotcroaatncionnbgtser.oalTdthdheeadnstuthroefutichneteterrpenuaalltpmaepsnplltuiprcrya,otciseonpspplriioscdtehstesom(to3)hs:et peaffpiecriesnturmfocde,s oorf fMuosoteswdtaitSneuhroe1rewipneelatleedenntc,doom0fptphoaeupneadrpspplrcioucrdarutecintotinlopynraiovncaietlhsaebrplereqeuasirerenescaetnhioeonfaaidcdciacttoiiomonnpioocfurnaedtzsenitwnihogincgihed.nctaTn1h0oeniylryaapvbaeer. waterrepelency. Someprocadn aulsobceatpplsiedbysize presstreatmenton thepapersurface. SextturdaicetsedbfyroDmuPpoapnetrbhoaavred irnetvoesaollevdentthsastimvuelraytilnogwfoaomdo(u2n).ts of fluorinated surfactnats are 1,13 A311 Personal and Domestic Use `Three trade associations were consulted. Use of Perfluoroalkylated Substances PainnFcdAluSfdoercdatnihnebfreloouoisrlepdaonlidinshwseaksitnetroprmroietnpeeiclmtliieosnnte ccprrraeotpaeemrrsit,nigeaassnidsnurpcfooaoscltimanengtt.iscinposwhdaemrsp.ooFsuoarnodsushraaveitnogntfyoaomrs pIenrchdlroyroectlheyalneinncgandforremduulcateiroendseposfiltuioroinna(t1e.d surfactants improve soil suspension in *HOURSiEHnOLfsoDrdeishawasihidng + + FLlioqouripdolpioslhishlienvgelcionmgpoasgietnitons + ASdynderigiestficoriamlpkarloivneefoovrednicslienfaencetrasnts + * SCyanrepregtisctliecanweertsing agent in detergent formulations so 000490 GKxo09119 EID606479