Document 3e4d60peV1v5QzrJLzj1d0K4J

FILE NAME: Owens Illinois Library (OWL) DATE: 1943 DOC#: OWL021 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Relevant Abstracts from The Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology THE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND TOXICOLOGY i V O L U M E 25 JANUARY, 1943-- DECEMBER i 943 PUBLISHED BY THE WILLIAMS & WILKINS COMPANY Baltimore, Md. 214 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND TOXICOLOGY PAGE Alurriinum, duraluminum poisoning and wound infections, in workers in airplane factories (Anton, W alter)................................................. 200 dust, colloid-chemical and histo-chemical studies on lung damages by (Jaeger and Jaeger). . . 36 dust, dangers to the lungs from (Jotten and Eickhoff).............................................................. 80 dust, pulmonary disease caused by (Koelsch). . . 100 failure of, to prevent experimental silicosis (Belt and K ing)............................................................ 152 lung, clinical examination (Goralewski, G .)......... 36 lung, clinical pathology and pathogenesis (Goralewski and Jaeger)................................. 36 pneumoconiosis, symptomatology of (Gora lewski, G .)............................................................ 80 Alvis, E . O .: Wartime-patient phases of industrial ophthalmology.................................................... 207 Ambrosio, L. see Briganti, A. Amdur, Marvin L.: Industrial epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis................................................ 145 Amer. A ssn, for the Advancement of Science: Aerobiology, N o. 17, 1942 ................................. 21 Amer. In st, of Electrical Engineers: Bibliography on electrical safety, 1930-1941........................ 28 Amer. Management Assoc.: Assimilating women workers. Reducing absenteeism. Pro duction Series No. 141, 1942.......................... 122 Amer. M ed. Assn., Committee on Health of Women in Industry of the Section on Ob stetrics and Gynecology: Women in indus try. Preliminary report. March 13, 1943 (H. Close Hesseltine, Chairman)...................... 97 Committee on Industrial Ophthalmology, and U. S. Pub. Health Service: Epidemic kerato conjunctivitis. Joint report. (April 3, 1943)..................................................................... 127 Committee on Occupational Dermatoses, report: Recognition and prevention of industrial dermatitis, with additional reference to oil dermatitis and folliculitis................................ 154 Amer. Med. A ssn., J.: Chemical fumes and allergy................................................................... 174 Dentures and derm atitis........................................... 43 Dermatitis from cutting o ils ..................................... 86 Duration of carbon monoxide in the blood......... 33 Effect of fluoroscopy on e y e s..................................... 38 Exposure to carbon tetrachloride compound . . . 198 Exposure to gases in munitions plant................... 151 Halowax acne........ ............................................... Hazards of exposure to glass wool, a s s frit or foam glass............................................ 149 Health hazards from trinitrotoluene........................ 34 Industrial poisoning associated with drosses___ 40 Occupational diseases and the Industrial Acci dent Commission of M aryland........................ 50 Occupational exposure to citric acid...................... 10 Oil folliculitis.................................................................. 16 Photographic industry and cataracts.................... 40 Prevention of skin irritation from lime d u s t.. . . 43 Protective clothing and ointments for workers exposed to chromates in tanneries.................. 15 Relation of the excretion of arsenic in the urine to arsenic poisoning........................................... 13 Silicosis and the heart......................................... 7 Silicosis and the heart................................................ 39 Toxic possibilities of sulfur purification............... 12 Toxicity of nitroglycerin........................................ 10 Treatment of poison gas bums of the ey e ........... 44 Unusual reaction to short wave exposure........... 12 r *'-t Amer. Soc. for Research in Psychosomatic Prob lem s: Symposium on fatigue (Davh, Forbes, Portis and B artley)......................... ' j,;, Amer. Trudeau Soc.: Report of the committee on X-ray apparatus and technique............... j ]tJ Ammonia gas poisoning (Caplin, M .)....................... , ; Amor, A. J.: Chest disease in industry.................. p,, Anderson, O. L .: The control of venereal disease among industrial workers............................... J90 Clarke, W., D reessen, W. C., Hayhurst, E. R., Holmblad, E. C. and Peterson, C. M.: Recommendations to state and local health departments for a venereal disease control program in industry........................................ ,i(> Andrlska, Victor: The poisons in chemical industry 1% Anemia, hemolytic, acute, in fertilizer workers; new industrial hazard (Wilson and Mangun) 175 in X-ray workers (Brit. M ed. J .) ......................... 38 toxic, factories regulation, 1942, extending pro visions of factories act of 1937 to anemia (Ministry of Labor and National Service, London, 1942).................................................... 101 Ankeny, M. J. see Forbes, J. J. Anoxemia and blood-carbon monoxide (Binet, Strumza and N icolle)...................................... 84 Anoxia, effects on man of severe oxygen lack (Horvath, D ill and Corwin).......................... 211 resistance to, with special reference to high- altitude flying (Barach, Eckman and M olom ut)............................................................. 48 Anthraco-silicosis among bituminous coal miners (Flinn, Seifert and Brinton)............................ 7 Anthrax, b. anthracis, isolation of, from industrial material (Jones, E. R .).................................... 84 epidemiologic aspects, in Massachusetts (Taber- shaw and M orris)............................................. 127 review of sixty cases (Gold, Herm an)................. 40 treatment of, with sulfonamide compounds (Med. J. Australia)............................................. 101 Anton, Walter: "Dural poisoning" and wound infections in workers in airplane factories . . 200 Aphakia, traumatic, and workmen's .compensation (Delaney, James H .)........................................... 211 Arc welding see Welding Arch. Phys. Therap: Ultraviolet disinfection of air........................................................................... 73 Armour, J. C. see Coloviras, George J., Jr. Arsenates, effect on the storage of lead (Fairhall, 85 Miller and Weaver)............................................. 178 Arsenic in biological materials, determination of minute amounts (Rawlinson, W. A .)............ 105 poisoning, gastric ulceration as local short-term effect (Koch, D .) ................................................ 176 poisoning, liver injury, especially cirrhosis, in (Rssing, P .) ....................................................... 59 poisoning, primary methods to safeguard against (Illinois Lab. B ull.)......................................... 12 poisoning, relation of excretion of arsenic in urine to (Amer. Med. Assn., J .) ................... 13 A rsines, gas filter for protection against, and con trol of its effectiveness (Chiotan and Chicos) 168 Arthritis, among compressed air workers (Edson, G .N .) ............. 23 A sbestos industry, industrial hygiene problems (Illinois Lab. B u ll.)............................................ 137 A sbestosis, electron microscopy on asbestos dust and on lungs in (Khn, J .) ........................... 80 Ash, S . H . and N aus, L. L.: Use of Diesel engines in tunnels (U. S. Bur. of Mines, I. C. no. 7 2 2 2 ) .................................................. 70 80 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE A N D TOXICOLOGY [vol. 25, n ,1 11943] P ossible chronic intoxication by manganese. * M . Kaflman and S . Donoso. Revista M dica de Chile, vol. 70, p. 708 (Sept. 1942). Kaffman and Donoso report that a man aged 64, three months before hospitalization, developed symp toms indicative of manganese poisoning. He had worked in a mine warehouse, and there was some prob ability that he had had contact with manganese. The disorder took an unfavorable course and the patient died. The microscopic pictures of the brain suggested two possible diagnoses: (1) vascular cerebral syphilis of the noninflammatory type as described by Alzheimer and Nissl and (2) chronic intoxication by lead or man ganese, the two conditions causing almost the same microscopic changes. On account of the war the ac tivity in the manganese mines has increased greatly and inspection revealed that the incidence of manganese poisoning is comparatively high among the workers. In one mine IS of a total of 200 workers had become completely incapacitated by manganese poisoning. The men worked without masks in an atmosphere densely charged with manganese dust. In other mines no cases of poisoning were apparent. Nearly all the miners with manganese poisoning presented the typical disturbances in their walk. Next in importance are the psychic symptoms in the form of attacks of excita tion, depression, unmotivated laughter and even true demented states.--J. A . M . A. E lectron microscopy on asbestos dost and on longs in ASBESTOSIS. J . Khn. Archiv. f a r Gcwerbepaih., vol. 10, p. 473 (A pril 16,1942). Khn says that because the asbestos used in factories is mostly serpentine (chrystotile) asbestos and not so much hornblende asbestos, it was generally believed that the asbestos substance found in lungs with asbestosis is chiefly serpentine asbestos. Studies by Sundius and Bygdn disclosed, however, that only hornblende asbestos is demonstrable in the jungs, which seems to suggest that serpentine dust is decomposed in the tissues. Khn used the electron microscope to study form, size and structure of asbestos dust and the asbestos found in the lungs. It was possible to detect a considerable number of asbestos dust particles that were below the threshold of the ordinary microscope. The needles of chrysotile asbestos appear under the electron microscope curved, clear and transparent. The needles of hornblende asbestos are rigid, and curved pieces are rare; their diameter is usually greater than that of serpentine (chrysotile) asbestos. Needles were isolated from 3 lungs with asbestosis. Their examination under the electron microscope disclosed size and form but did not aid in deciding whether the asbestos was chiefly of the serpentine or of the horn blende type. For this reason it was decided to employ the photomicroscopic determination of the refraction exponent as suggested by Sundius and Bygdn. This method revealed that the large asbestos needles isolated from the lungs were of the hornblende type. It , I ly indirectly exposed (packing concluded that serpentine asbestos is decomposed ,, the lungs and is the essential cause of fibrosis, asbestosis lungs are macerated with nitric acid a-,: hydrogen peroxide, not only are free asbestos need*, obtained but also asbestosis bodies. Hornbleni asbestos shows no signs of decomposition by the at ganism either in the free needles or on the asbestos bodies.--J. A . M . A . -Occasionally directly exposed (s liters, women in the weighing room-- .Directly exposed (stamping, smel investigation includes dinica sedimentation and lung functioi and where posable, sputum examinations shows a high inch respiratory disorders, espec D anger to th e lungs from aluminum dust.- K . If Jolten and W . Eickhojf. Arch. f . Hyg. u. Bak: . vol. 127, no. 5-6, pp. 344-367 (1942). Although aluminum dust has long been regarded as comparatively non-injurious to the lungs, several cases of lung disease, some fatal, have recently beea reported in the aluminum industry. A survey of the earlier literature emphasizes the dis tinction between "aluminosis" and true silicosis. "Aluminosis" is characterized by the symptoms of bronchial catarrh, inflammatory cell proliferation, and X-ray evidence of diffuse fine stippling, but no fibrosis, and this concept has been confirmed by animal experi ments by Jotten and by Ehrismann in 1939; in these experiments, animals exposed for several weeks to an atmosphere containing 50-100 mgm. of aluminum bronze dust per cubic metre of air showed no significant pathological changes. Recent investigations by Goralewski, however, have revealed a high incidence of symptoms of respiratory and gastrointestinal disturbance among aluminum bronze workers, including three cases of spontaneous pneumothorax. Clinical findings were slight in com parison with the severity of subjective symptoms, which also have no relation to the duration of work. The increased incidence during the last two years is at tributed to changes in the process, involving the pro duction of a greater amount of dust, the particles oi which are much finer and are no longer protected by a film of aluminum stearate caused by the former addi tion of stearine during the stamping process. The authors regard "aluminum lung disease" as a chemical, not mechanical, reaction, the aluminum dust being ionized during contact with the saline of the lung tissue fluids to compounds which encapsulate the particles. Among preventive measures recommended is the inclusion of "aluminum lung" in the category of scheduled diseases.--Bull, of Hyg. dicks of bronchitis. Dry cough, dysp tnd loss of weight were the chief sy r final disturbance was also frequen ^No correlation was observed betv ^duration of exposure, but most .onset had occurred within the last inical signs did not correspond ii raphical appearances; in only a iged expiration and bronchitic r sedimentation rate was norm: L4%), slightly increased in 29 (23. :d in 24 (19.2%), test not perfor tung function tests, being less exter intended, were not regarded as red in 44 cases (35.2%) a lung vol; ilower limit of normal, and in 27 (21 ^vital capacity. I-ray examinations. Resuits were c (1) N il (Le. changes observed not as dust). this group comprised 58 workers ( sm had never been exposed to alu :tly, and 40 directly; 19 of th iculous lesions, others emphysem; itis, cardiac lesions, etc., condition high incidence of an increased bloc ate in this group.) 1(2) " Significant," 39 cases (31.2%; 1 (3 ) "Marked," 17 cases (13.6%). [X-ray appearances in these two gr rized by increased striation, with sits. Tin group 2, three patients had had : iirect and 31 direct; eight showed tui of recent origin; all those in Gr:tly exposed for periods from unde ; two were diagnosed as tube "Well-developed"--four cases iteral and symmetrical reticular ;er and more numerous deposits; a T he symptomatology of aluminum pneumoconiosis. |jirectiy exposed for 1-5 years; one ' G. Goralewski. A rc h .f. Gewerbepath. . Gewerbehyg., ng tuberculous. vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 384-408 (Dec. 30,1940). i (5) "Intense"-- three cases (2.59, This clinical study (which will be supplemented later lances varying from general difi by animal experiments) of the effects of exposure to jge conglomerations. All these h: aluminum dust includes 125 workers, male and female, ed for periods of 11-20 years, at the Frankfort Bronze and Aluminum Factor)'; these j r (6) "Special cases" difficult to dia. are divided into three groups. '(3,2%) showing marked abnormalitie 1oPlfi ' COLOGY ses of lost time in industry, 2) ty industrial health facilities, 3) i regard to the value of an inram, 4) Educate the medical ed that these measures will aid health problems through sound m.:--Sidney C. Jackson. EAR DISABILITY IN INDUSTRY. of a plastic mold. David A. ., vol. 121, pp. 1330-1331 (.April opper, a plastic ear mold, offers estructible. iminishing intense and high frenits conversation, for foreign material, rent and easily cleaned, is a die cast reproduction of a ear being different, a new each and every stopper. Thus tained to eliminate sound leaks g points of pressure, s made by pertinent questions ge. The following conclusions 1 noise can be eliminated by ign bodies involving the ears onged and repeated exposure i the resultant eradication of :h should allow greater con1 increase of production, offered for certain industrial ummary. CONTROL solvents used in cementing lloons. Small sections are larger sub-assemblies joined whole balloon. The balloon nting operations are carried >i the table operations and is necessary. Lateral and ies are described. Ventilaeasily obtained by running etting air escape through a is are carried out in large quire mechanical exhaust, nes and petroleum naphthas i of self-sealing fuel tanks, nmer during low production of concentrations that may tried ventilation arrange- : ' ; A * June 1943] ABSTRACTS 137 Only gasoline and other petroleum naphthas were used in fabricating rubber boats. Although the health hazard was not severe, one plant was considering ventilation to reduce vapor concentrations to about 100 p.p.m. The production of Buna N rubber was also investi gated because of the use of acrylonitrile as a raw material. The opportunities for exposure to this poison are discussed, and certain precautions are recommended.-- William Franklin. Control of solvent exposures in the rubber industry. T. R. Thomas and B. D. Tebbens. In dust. M ed., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 255-259 (April, 1943). This article is the same article which appeared in the March, 1943 issue of Heating, P iping and A ir Conditioning under the title "Ventilation for Control of Solvent Exposures in Fabricating Rubber Military Equipment." The latter article is abstracted elsewhere in this section.--Leslie Silverman. Spray painting creates health hazards. Illinois Labor Bull., vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 14-15 (March 31,1943). Spray painting adds new health hazards besides magnifying the dangers of brush and dip painting. These hazards are discussed and it is pointed out that solvents which show no immediate toxicity have a narcotic action which makes the worker more ptone to accidents. Health safety limits for solvent vapors are usually at least a ten times lower concentration than the explosive limits (which range in whole per cents). The remainder of the article discusses control meas ures: 1) In general, if the sprayer must enter the spray area he must have in addition to exhaust ventila tion an air-supplied respirator and additional protective clothing. 2) The booth must be large, deep (to pre vent excessive backlash) and fireproof. 3) Exhaust and spray disposal. An air velocity of 150 linear feet per minute into all openings is recommended, as well as a water wash system or collector plates. 4) Spray ing practice. The spray must not be under unnecessary pressure and should be directed toward the exhaust. Vertical articles should be placed at an angle. 5) All drying methods should have good exhaust ventila tion. 6) Dermatitis can be prevented by adequate clothing and the use of skin creams. 7) Fire protec tion. M ost important here are good housekeeping and safe storage of materials.--John C. Carlisle. EMULATION OF SEWAGE SYSTEMS. I. GASES FORMED in sewage systems. Ya. Ya. Zvyaginskii. Khim. Referat. Zhur. No. 12, p. 62 (1940). A review of the domestic and foreign literature, re garding the composition of sewage gases and the methods and conditions for natural and artificial ventilation. Gases in the sewage systems should be analyzed systematically, and ventilation methods should be based on the tolerable concentration of noxious gases.-- Chem. Abstrs. H eat and ventilation in air raid shelters. W il liam J. McGuinness. Heat., P ip. & A ir Cond., vol. 15, pp. 193-196 (April, 1943). This article gives the requirements for heating and ventilating air raid shelters. The various types of bombproof and splinterproof shelters are shown. The bombproof type is too expensive to construct, hence the most common type is the splinterproof. Shelter size is fixed by number of occupants, no more than 50 people should be placed in the same room. Space and volume requirements for overground and underground shelters are given in a table. H eat requirements are low because of the number of occu pants, however, heat losses in England are different from ours because of climatic conditions. On this basis an underground shelter is preferable for American climatic conditions because of the lower ground tem peratures which sld in heat loss maintenance. Ventilation requirements are given and the various types of systems employed are illustrated. Mechanical systems with filtration are recommended.-- Leslie Silverman. W artime operations emphasize industrial hygiene problems of asbestos industry. Illinois Labor Bull., vol. 3, no. 8, pp. 10,1 1 and 22 (Feb. 28,1943). The control of asbestosis must be an engineering control because there are no medical means to detect the disease until much harm has been done. Engineer ing control consists of two important principles: 1. Adequate exhaust. 2. Good housekeeping. B y ex periment it has been estimated that if the air contains less than 5,000,000 particles of asbestos per cubic foot there is small chance of the workers developing as bestosis. The article lists the procedures in the manufacture of rigid and of textile asbestos products and shows that further protective measures are still needed in most plants.--John C. Carlisle. An investigation of dust suppression in the Pitts burgh seam. D. H . Davis and G. R. Gardner. Am . Inst. Mining Met. Engrs., Contrib. No. 125, 13 pp. (1942). Use of H2O on coal-cutting machines reduced dust 26%. Addition of wetting agents reduced dust as much as 77%. Emulsion-forming oil was most ef fective and cheapest.--Chem. Abstrs. H ygienic disposal of collected dry dusts. C. A . Snyder. Ind. M ed., vol. 47, pp. 59-60 (Jan. 1943). An objection to dry dust collection is the possibility of recirculation of part of the collected dust while unloading the collector hoppers. A simple wet dis posal unit is described, by which the dust is sufficiently wet before it is dumped, to restrict greatly the quantity of free dust.--Ind. Hyg. Found.