Document 3e0pq6yGVo1owxJ87bJyEpRQO

FILE NAME: Owens Illinois Library (OWL) DATE: 1934 DOC#: OWL012 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Abstracts from The Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology THE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE 4 * \ EDITORS DAVID L. EDSALL, M. D., S. D., United States EDGAR L. COLLIS. M. D.. M. R. C. S.. Great Britain VOLUME XVI JA N U A R Y . 1934--NOVEMBER, 1934 PUBLISHED BY THE WILLIAMS & WILKINS COMPANY Baltim ore, M d. S3 146 THE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE PAGE Arsenic poisoning, chronic, studies in, arsenic content of "mosquito in cense" (Li and Yang)...................... 50 Arseniuretted Hydrogen, industrial arsine poisoning (Schrader)............ 123 phosphine and arsine in air, reagent for detection of (Weber).................... 103 Arsine, sec Arseniuretted Hydrogen Asbestosis bodies (Berger)................... 56 memorandum on (Merewether)......... 56 pulmonary (Stock)............................... 103 pulmonary, and silicosis; pneumo coniosis (Bromley, Wood, and Ellman).................................................... 102 Asphyxia, resuscitation (Henderson).. 118 Asphyxia, see also under Carbon Monoxide poisoning, Gas poisoning Asthma, baker's, and allergic diathesis (Anton)............................................... 137 pollen, air conditioning in treatment of (Nelson et al.).............................. 141 occupational (Moll)............................. 12 Atmosphere, see Air Atmospheric Conditions, lighting and, in an Ontario public school (MacLean and Partridge)............... 90 Atmospheric Pollution, report of Building Research Board for 1932... 38 Bacteria, method of testing filters against (Drinker and Wells).......... 139 Baker's Asthma and allergic diathesis (Anton)............................................... 137 Barium, pneumoconiosis from (Ar- rigoni)................................................... 55 Beet sugar worker's neuritis, symptoms of (Kroll).................................... .-... 118 Belgium, first four years of insurance for occupational diseases in (Glibert)............................................... Benzene and toluene, inquiry into relative toxicity of (Ferguson, Harvey, and Hamilton)..................... 28 chronic action of, on organism (Vigdortschik)............................................. 47 derivatives, lead and, examination of workers in (Serson, Meyer, Schneider, and Adler-Herzmark)... 48 effect of, on fats and lipoids of blood (Nikulina and Getmann)................ 121 hemopathies due to (Emile-Weil)....... 5 intoxication, chronic, prophylaxis of (Griinberg)....................................... 121 poisoning, chronic (Dassen)............... 5 poisoning, experimental, alterations in female generative system (Barzilai)................................................... 120 poisoning, experimental, gas chamber for (Lifschitz).................................... 133 toxicity of different (Lestschinskaja). 46 experimental investigation of (Ballotta)................................................... 79 B enzol, see Benzene Benzolism in pregnancy, experimental studies in (Barzilai)......................... 120 Beryllium, action of fluor-beryllium on organism (Samachovskaja, Marzinkovsky, and Sirojetschkovsky). 123 B ladder, aniline tumors of, symposium on (Ferguson, Gehrmann, Gay, Anderson, and Washburn).......... 7r, Blood, fats and lipoids of, effect of benzol on (Nikulinaand Getmann) li>] lactic acid in man during rest (Cool. and Hurst)........................................ 17 pH of, after muscular work, changes in (Margara and Talenti)............. 37 pressure of young men over a 7-year period, changes in (Diehl and Hesdorffer)....................................... 37 Body Mass and growth ratio in Vien nese school boys and girls (Brezina) 141 Burns, medical treatment of men burned in colliery explosions........... 14 Butchers, two pork, unusual ungual condition in (Oppenheim)................ 63 B utylacetate, chronic occupational toluol poisoning, sequelae? (Fiih- ner and Pietrusky).......................... 45 Cadmium Poisoning, industrial (Fiih- ner and Blume)................................. 121 Caisson D isease, case in which hip joint was affected (Christ)............ 107 participation of eye in, especially cataract formation (Pfimlin).......... 8G preventing illness in compressed air work (Oliver)................................. 138 prevention and therapy of (Sakai) -- 137 Calcium Cyanamide poisoning, case of (Linneberg).................................. 50 Calcium Cyanide, ship fumigation at Port of Durban (Ross)................... 50 Cancer, experimental production of, by dust obtained from tarred roads (Campbell)................... 54 41 mitnioenraol foi(lT, waonrdt danerdmTawtiotirst,).p..r..e..v..e.n.. 62 occupational (Carozzi)....................... 94 Cancerous or precancerous skin le sions in tar workers in New South Wales (Hunt).................................... 12 Carbon D ioxide in air, determination of (Kauko)........................................ 11 in production of oxygen poisoning, influence of (Hill)............................ 87 Carbon D isulfide poisoning, indus trial, red cell resistance in (Germano)........................................... 79 Carbon-Iodine as protection for mer cury vapor poisoning (Stock)........ 45 Carbon Monoxide, animal experiments on chronic action of exhaust gases (Siipfle and May)............................ 119 hazard, another possible...................... 98 hemoglobin concentration of workers connected with internal combus tion engines (Jenkins)....................... 36 hygiene of (Siipfle, Hofmann, and May)..................................................... 80 in air. improved analyzer for (Frevert and Francis)........................................ 98 in inspired air, acclimatization (?) of animals to 0.3 per cent. (Camp bell)...................................................... 81 102 THE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE [xvi, no. 5 The committee is, however, of opinion that the incidence of the disease in the Kolar Gold Field is much smaller, and that it takes a much longer time to develop signs and symptoms than in South Africa. This is evidently due to the fact that the percent age of free silica contained in Kolar rock is 5 to 20, as compared with the much larger percentage of 43 to 98 obtaining in South African samples. Further investigation is in progress. Under the circumstances I feel it necessary to contradict the statement made in the article referred to that "in the Kolar Gold Field, India, where the rock contains a large amount of quartz and sericite is absent, silicosis has hitherto inexplic ably been unknown." A Comparison op the Development op the Specific Nodule of Silicosis and of T uberculosis. W. S. Lemon and W. H. Feldman. Arch. Intern. Med., March, 1934, i'ol. S3, pp. 367-378. In order to obtain material for a compar ative study of the respective morphologic reactions provoked in the lung by particu late silica and by bacilli of tuberculosis, intratracheal injections were given to two series of rabbits. The animals were killed at intervals of from 4 hours to 4 weeks after receiving the respective inoculums, and the course and character of the resultant cellu lar response were studied histologically. The results obtained appear to warrant the following conclusions: I. The character of the cellular response to the irritative influences of particulate silica and to bacilli of tuberculosis is essen tially the same; both promote the formation of characteristic tubercles. The properties of the provocative agent responsible for the production of the sili cotic tubercle preclude the formation of a structure characterized by continuous pro gression. This contrasts markedly with that formed as a consequence of the injec tion of bacilli of tuberculosis, which is usually of a progressive, destructive nature. 3. The similarity of the structural unit or tubercle invoked experimentally in re sponse to particles of silica and to bacilli of tuberculosis is so striking as to make their certain differential identification impossible by ordinary morphologic criteria. 4. Although the pathologic characteris tics of the two processes are practically identical during the early period of cellular progression, significant structural differ ences become evident as the duration of the diseases is extended.--Authors' summary. Miners' Phthisis, with D iscussion. L. G. Irvine. Jour. Chem. Met., and M in, Soc. So. Africa, Mar., 9S4, vol. 34, pp. 304-316. This is a concise review of the history of silicosis and the progress in its control in South Africa. Both medical and engineer ing measures for control are discussed. The importance of increased ventilation as an all-essential preventive of silicosis is emphasized. The high temperature-hu m idity problem in deep mines, and the alleviation of this problem by substituting dry drilling, with control of generated dust at the source for wet drilling processes, is considered. Irvine considers both free silica and the silicates as possible causes of silicosis but refuses to judge their relative importance on the basis of existing data. He points with justifiable pride to the progressively decreasing incidence of silicosis in South African mines and predicts a continuation of this trend. A comprehensive bibliography of the journal's publications dealing with miners' phthisis is found on page 316 of this issue.-- R. Page. P neumoconiosis in Sulfur Mine Workers and the Action of Sulfur Introduced in the R espiratory T ract. A . Cestari. Abstr. as follows from Arch, intern, pharmacodynamie, 1933, vol. 46, pp. 300314, in Chem. Abstr., June 20, 1934, vol. 28, p. 3795. Intratracheal injection of sulfur suspen sions brings about excretion of hydrogen sulfide in a period of 50 hrs. There are slight exudative and infiltrative reactions in the lungs. It is supposed that a sub stance similar to glutathione reduces the sulfur to hydrogen sulfide. Pnbumonoconiosis.--A Discussion. Part I. Silicosis. J . F. Bromley. Sepl., 1934] AE ''"/^ P art II. P ulmonary Asbestosis. IV. Wood. Part III. P ulmonary Asbestosis. Ellman. Brit. Jour. Radiol., May, 19 pp. 263-93. In this discussion attention is paid particular to the radiological differen between silicosis and asbestosis. J. Bromley gives a short survey of silicosstating the position as regards workmei compensation and also with regard to t possibility of sericite being the causat factor rather than silica. He then descril the x-ray appearances which consist characteristic discrete nodules spread o\ both lungs, but involving the upper ai middle zones rather than the bases. At t earliest stage only the lung vessels r. marked out as they divide and subdivi like the branches of a tree; next buds a pear on the twigs; and lastly the leaves the fibrous nodules--open out. Thir cases drawn from a number of differe occupations with exposure to dust a. quoted, some of which are illustrated, < show various points. The same exposure t dust will cause different degrees of fibros in different persons; and similar x-ra. shadows may be associated w ith differen clinical stages. Asbestosis is characterise by innumerable fine striations and punctat stippling evenly distributed over the lowe parts of both lungs, while the upper part, are left clear. There are no dense nodules At first sight the condition looks less formic! able than silicosis. In fact, a more seriou clinical condition develops more rapidly thai in silicosis, so that the average length o DUST, SMOKE, FUMES, AND VAI ELIM' A N ew R eagent for the D etection oi PnOSPH BNE AND ARSINE IN A lR . H . H . Weber. Zentralbl. f. Gewcrbchyg., Jan .Feb., 1934, vol. 11, pp. 1-3. At the instance of the International Board of Health a reagent which could be used by the layman for the determination of dangerous amounts of phosphene was sought for in order to avoid accidents from ferro-silicon. For this purpose the follow ing was recommended: pieces of filter paper arc soaked with a 5 per cent aqueous solu tion of mercury-cadmium iodide, dried j Sept., 1934] ABSTRACTS KH P art II. P ulmonary Asbestos . IP. B. Wood. P art III. P ulmonary Asbestosis. P. Ellman. B ril. Jour. Radiol., M ay, 1934, pp. 263-95. In this discussion attention is paid in particular to the radiological differences between silicosis and asbestosis. J. F. Bromley gives a short survey of silicosis, stating the position as regards workmen's compensation and also with regard to the possibility of sericite being the causative factor rather than silica. He then describes the x-ray appearances which consist of characteristic discrete nodules spread over both lungs, but involving the upper and middle zones rather than the bases. At the earliest stage only the lung vessels are marked out as they divide and subdivide like the branches of a tree; next buds ap pear on the twigs; and lastly the leaves-- the fibrous nodules--open out. T hirty cases drawn from a number of different occupations with exposure to dust are quoted, some of which are illustrated, to show various points. The same exposure to dust will cause different degrees of fibrosis in different persons; and similar x-ray shadows may be associated with different clinical stages. Asbestosis is characterised by innumerable fine striations and punctate stippling evenly distributed over the lower parts of both lungs, while the upper parts are left clear. There are no dense nodules. At first sight the condition looks less formid able than silicosis. In fact, a more serious clinical condition develops more rapidly than in silicosis, so that the average length of dust exposure in fatal cases in only half a* long. The disease is progressive u h * bud prognosis, and state of the sufferer iu->r wretched, with troublesome dy-pn- mxI emaciation. The third emit ritmi.n m based on the author's paper in this l.m rinl, 1933, 16, 165. He stresses the pr. --nre ..f asbestosis bodies and points nut that if arranged in clumps in the sputum tl.ev indicate disintegration of lung ti--ue F L. Collis. P ulmonary Asbestosis. G. .1, NW 1Med. Bull. Veterans' Admin., fitti, i.f 10, pp. 126-129. A case report. A Contribution to the Study or Sit.n osis. Mach. Bull. Acad. M i d , May, 1934, pp. 579-581. The title is misleading as the ubjrrt reported is exposure to cement dust. Sub jects not accustomed to such exposure se n ' found to have their urinary pH disturbed; thus, after 10 minutes' exposure, an average normal pH of 5.1 became, 1 hour later, 5.6, and, 3 hours later, 5.8, returning to normal after 8 hours; after 30 minutes' exposure, it became, 1 hour later, 5.9, and, after 3 hours, 6.7, again returning to normal after 8 hours; after 1 hour's exposure, it became, 1 hour later, 7.1, and 3 hours later 7.0. Workmen employed in the manufacture of cement and so accustomed to prolonged exposure to the dust were found, on the other hand, to have become inured to its influence so that their urinary pH was quite unaffected--E. L. Collis. DUST, SMOKE, FUMES, AND VAPORS: TH EIR DETERMINATION AND ELIM IN A TIO N A N ew R eagent fob the D etection of P hosphene and Arsine in Air . H . H . Weber. Zenlralbl. f. Gewerbchyg., J a n .Feb., 1934, cal. 11, pp. 1-S. At the instance of the International Board of Health a reagent which could be used by the layman for the determination of dangerous amounts of phosphene was sought for in order to avoid accidents from ferro-silicon. For this purpose the follow ing was recommended: pieces of filter paper are soaked with a 5 per cent aqueous solu tion of mercury-cadmium iodide, dried J hour in a drying oven at 80, preserved dry in a test tube sealed with a rubber stopper, and moistened with a drop of anhydrous acetic acid before using. In the presence of .01 mg. per liter of phosphene in air, there results a distinct yellow reaction within 10 minutes, and in the presence of .002 mg. per liter of arsine the edges of tlje drops become a weak yellow. In the presence of both gases, the arsine changes the reaction more toward a brown. According to the author, the physiologi cal toxic threshold coincides wiib 56 THE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE fxvi, no. 3 poses the name " baritinosi" (baritosis).-- and death ensues from slow heart failure. L. T. Fairhall. Many cases complain of cough and dyspnea and show duskiness or slight blueness of the Asbestosis Bodies. P. I. Berger. V ir lips. Both physical signs andsymptomsare chow Arch., 1983, vol. 290, pp. 281-353. unobtrusive; and the fine pin-head mottled This paper gives a detailed study of the ground-glass appearance on X-ray contrasts optical and histological nature of asbestosis with the more definite localisation of the bodies with excellent photomicrographs. " snow-storm" of silicosis; in fact a radio- Specimens from the lungs of a man who had graphic picture may be not only inconclusive been exposed to asbestos dust contained but most misleading. vast number of small needle-like particles Asbestosis cannot be diagnosed on either identified petrologically as chrysotile-asbes- physical examination or radiological alone; tos. Following Bragg's crystal lattice but with both a fair conclusion can be drawn. method, the author shows that the hydrated Yellowish elongated bodies with bulbous magnesium silicate of the original metallic ends, of microscopic size, occur in the lungs atom is dissolved out by the acid body of asbestos workers; they are indicative of fluids leaving a shell of silicic acid. The exposure to asbestos dust; and when found form of the needles and their double re in clumps, instead of individually, they point fracting property remains unchanged. As to disintegration of lung tissue and the pres bestosis bodies form as a result of protein ence of definite asbestosis. Exposure to absorption by the needles and subsequent asbestos dust for only 5 years has resulted coagulation as a gel. Analogous substances in fatal asbestosis, but no steep rise in the are produced in vitro by introducing acid- incidence rate occurs until after 10 years' treated asbestos into a solution of egg-white. employment; after 20 years more than one- The silicic acid shell of the asbestos needle fourth have been found affected. The dust, is dispersed in the albuminous sheath of the once it is trapped in the lungs, remains to asbestosis body, and gradually destroyed. exert its fibrosis-producing powers for Then follows resorption of the silicic acid- many years. While increasing concentra containing albuminous mass by the body tions of dust in the air reduce the period fluids. Granular streaks of feriic oxide before asbestosis occcurs, further increase stain the bodies a brownish tin t.--L. Teleky. in the dust does not further reduce the period after a certain high concentration has been A Memorandum on Asbestosis. E. R. A. reached; on the other hand, below a certain Mercwether. Tubercle, Nov., Dec., 1933, concentration disabling ashestosis will not and Jan., 1934, PP- 69-81,109-118, 152-169. occur. In the more dusty processes the This series of articles summarises present fibrosis-producing period is commonly 11 knowledge on the subject of asbestosis, upon years. Death from the disease is inevita which the author has had unique opportuni ble sooner or later, if life is not cut short ties of acquiring information. The nature by accident or some unconnected disease. and uses of asbestos with the early recog The added risk to asbestos workers from nition of asbestosis are first sketched. The pulmonary tuberculosis is limited and defi disease is then described as a generalised nitely less than for workers exposed to the pulmonary fibrosis, insidious in onset, ir dust of free silica. Details are given of regular in course, and variable in mode of the preventive measures now adopted to termination which is to a fatal issue, often minimize the dust hazard and also of the from the onset of some acute infection; but, scheme under which in Great Britain com while the presence of asbestosis serious! y im pensation is awarded to those who develop $ pairs the chance of recovery, its existence asbestosis. Evidence goes to show that does not predispose to tjie onset of such in the dust produced in the dusty processes | fections of which tuberculosis is one. Left can be kept below the threshold of danger; | to itself, ultimately the strain of maintain if this standard is conscientiously main- 1 ing the circulation through the partially tained, the disease should not occur; then strangled lungs becomes insupportable, gen the outlook for the industry is bright. | eral dropsy with an enlarged liver appears --E. L. Collis. May, 1934] A7 The F unction of the H uman N ose a D ust F ilter. G. Lehmann. Arbphysiol., 1933, vol. 7, pp. 167-175. The author blew into the noses of 26 perimental subjects dusty air at the rat 3 to 6 L. per minute, and allowed the ai come out through a tube held in the mot The dust content of the ingoing and outgi air was determined by means of an app< tus constructed on the principle of the nimeter. The assumption was made t for the examination, the palate would main in a passive position. It was found that from 8.3 to 73.7 per c of the dust was retained in the nose. Tw< of the subjects retained more than 50 ; cent in the nose ("good noses" ), six less tl. 25 per cent. In retaining dust, n ot mer the extent of the air passages but also * form as well as the quantity and nature the secretions play an important part. 7 speed at which the dust goes through t passages and the dust concentration do i seem important. A dust high in silica v used. Subsequent experiments were carried on 62 miners most of whom had worki more than 10 years in rock. The 33 w were healthy averaged a dust retentiof 50 per cent whereas the silicotics retain only 22 per cent. Thus, the opinion th a t t' dust retaining power of the nose is of gre importance in the origin of pneumoconiosi is confirmed.--L. Teleky. T he P rognosis of Silicosis. A . Bdhm Bochum. Beitr. z. K lin . d. The., Dec 1933, vol. 84, pp. 119-139. The author has observed 200 cases of ail. cotic stone cutters. All 200 had been out this hazardous occupation for at least years, half of them had given up their trad 5 years previously, and in some coses 1 years had elapsed since exposure. Silicos progresses in 20 per cent of the cases having silicosis Grade 1, after giving up the pr< fession; in 40 per cent of those having Grau 2, and practically always in those wit! Grade 3. The late stages of Grade 2 ar correspondingly dangerous. The younge; the worker, the more unfavorable is tin course of silicosis; of 11 cases who had Grade 1 when they gave up the work, W which had advanced to Grade 3, ten wer< May, 1934] ABSTRACTS T he F unction of the H uman N ose as a D ust F ilter. G. Lehmann. Arbeitsphysiol., 193$, vol. 7, pp. 167-175. The author blew into the noses of 26 ex perimental subjects dusty air at the rate of 3 to 5 L. per minute, and allowed the air to come out through a tube held in the mouth. The dust content of the ingoing and outgoing air was determined by means of an appara tus constructed on the principle of the konimeter. The assumption was made that for the examination, the palate would re main in a passive position. It was found that from 8.3 to 73.7 per cent of the dust was retained in the nose. Twelve of the subjects retained more than 50 per cent in the nose ("good noses''), six less than 25 per cent. In retaining dust, not merely the extent of the air passages but also the form as well as the quantity and nature of the secretions play an important part. The speed at which the dust goes through the passages and the dust concentration do not seem important. A dust high in silica was used. Subsequent experiments were carried out on 62 miners most of whom had worked more than 10 years in rock. The 33 who were healthy averaged a dust retention of 50 per cent whereas the silicotics retained only 22 per cent. Thus, the opinion that the dust retaining power of the nose is of great importance in the origin of pneumoconiosis, is confirmed.--L. Teleky. The P rognosis of Silicosis. A . BhmeBochum. Beitr. z. Klin. d. The., Dec., 19SS, vol. 84, pp. 119-1S9. The author has observed 200 cases of sili cotic stone cutters. All 200 had been out of this hazardous occupation for at least 2 years, half of them had given up their trade 5 years previously, and in some cases 11 years had elapsed since exposure. Silicosis progresses in 20 per cent of the cases having silicosis Grade 1, after giving up the pro fession; in 40 per cent of those having Grade 2, and practically always in those with Grade 3. The late stages of Grade 2 are correspondingly dangerous. The younger the worker, the more unfavorable is the course of silicosis; of 11 cases who had Grade 1 when they gave up the work, but which had advanced to Grade 3, ten were under 50 years of age. In the Her awn. the disease was not infrrrjivMly <..Ttijdrirly stationary. If the disease .1 * r.ut Ji *n<f markedly in the first frw yrr. ft-r tm n g up a dusty trade, the iul ^vjiwut j.r. grrsion is gradual or cotnn to a tar. t.tdl Silicosis of Grades 2 and 3 punt t<> high disposition to tubercuh>i; a pr-<xrri\r tuberculosis develops in 23 |*-r rrnt . of Grade 2, and in 72 per rent <d th>.r with Grade 3. Usually this tulrrctit<>i run n cirrhotic course for a long time l>ut! rully n fatal.--L. Teleky. T he Cause of Silicosis: A l)t< i m.i*. W. R. Jones, J. S. Haldane, It. Fi i .'lr, E. L. Middleton and J. FUu. /< : \hd. Jour., Feb. 10th, 1834, p. tS(. The discussion was opened l>v Dr IV K. Jones who put forward his r<>nirtiii..n (al ready noted in these Abstracts, Nuv . Io n , 15, p. 129) that silica in the unmmbtnrd *t ate was not the chief cause of silieosis, and that the chief cause was minute acirular fibre ,.f sericite, a mineral which is abundantly (ind ent in all rocks known to have originated silicosis. Prof. J. S. Haldane strongly dis sented from this suggestion; he held that in each of the instances quoted a mistake had been made. Prof. E. H. Kettle was not im pressed with the negative evidence add need; moreover, he had ample expcrimrntnl proof th at free silica and substances other than sericite were capable of producing lesions characteristic of the silica reaction. Dr. E. L. Middleton placed little reliance on the hypothesis advanced. Sir J. I'lett held that the reaction to dust particles was due to their physical irritation rather than to chemical action. The discussion was ad journed.--E. L. Collis. Silicosis among Castings Cleaners. IK. Landau. Abslr. as foliates from Arch. f. Geuierbepath. u. Gewerbehyg., 1935, rol. 4, pp. 515-6S3, in Bull. Hyg., Nor., 1933, vol. 8, p. 727. A system atic examination of metal casting cleaners using pneumatic too^s and not the sand blast has shown the great danger to health of this work. Of 126 men employed 66 per cent were found to have silicosis and 8 per cent had open pulmonary tuberculosis. Men employed in cleaning steel castings