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Heating Ventilating Air-Conditioning Guide "1953
Refrigeration (continued) reverse cycle, 808, 827 ship, 1041 ' simple cycle, 820 steam jet, 821 . subcooling, 818 suction, 817 superheating, 818 symbols for drawing, 17 theory, 807 ton of, 8, 807 types of compressors (see Com-. presaors), 829-832' vapor compression cycle, 814 water jacket, 818
.Regain, 970 control of, 970
. hygroscopic materials, ,972 static, 706
Register, registers, (see Grilles), 449, 451, 460, 662
air supply noises, 901 mechanical furnace systems, ' 460 noises, 901 selection, 449, 460, 674 Reheat, 648, 657 \ Relative humidity, 5,25,52,1081 measurement of, 1081 Relief valve, 538 Repulsion induction motors, 874,
879
Residence control systems, 858 air conditioning, 860 coal-fired heating plant, 858 domestic hot water supply, 1063 cooling methods, 477 gravity furnace systems, 449 heat loss problems, 261 hot water heating system, 521 mechanical furnace system, 459 steam heating system, 479
Resistance thermometers, 1072 Resistors, 909 Return
grille, 451, 904 mains, 8, 479, 499, 501, 523-526 openings, 451, 680 Reverse cycle refrigeration, 808, * 827 Reversed return system, 8, 528
Roof, roofs . . heat flow through, 173,193-196,
276-282 time'lag of solar radiation, 2i ventilators, 230
Room air motion, 663, 670
- control, 859 coolers, 589, 595, 599 cross transmission noise, 904 'latent heat, 300 noise level, 891 operating, 138
i sensible heat, 300 Rotary diyer, 1022 Rotary oil burner, 364 Run-around system, 657
s
Sanitary ventilation, 132 Saturated air, 1, 25, 29 Saturation, 8
degree of, 8, 29 pressure, 7
Scale, 927 cause and prevention, 927 .closed systems, 933 heating systems, 934 high temperature, 934 open systems, 934
Secondary air, 326, 343, 376 Sectional boiler, 384
Sensible cooling, 656 Sensible Heat, 263, 272, 302, 304.
660 .
gain, 263, 2y7-307 loss, 254
Sheet metal gages, 713
Ship heating, ventilation, air
conditioning, 1038
air conditioning, 1038
design conditions, 1039
factors affecting design, 1038
general consideration, 1038 `
heating, 1039
insulation of hull, 1038
ducts, 1039
. refrigeration, 1041
requirements for space, 1041
bakery, 1040
bath, 1040
cargo, 1041
t
food handling, 1040
galley, 1040
laundry, 1040
living, 1040
machinery, 1039
shower, 1040
storeroom, 1041
toilets, 1040
washroom, 1040
systems, typical, 1042
ventilating, 1039
Silica gel, 847
Silicon dioxide, 847 Single phase motors, 878 Slime, 935
cause and prevention, 929. 935, 937
formers, 935 Slotted outlets, 665 Sludge, 927
cause and prevention, 931 Smoke, 8, 154, 324
abatement, 154, 322
density measurements, 1085' Smokeless arch, 8 Smokeless combustion, 324
Snow melting, 563 circulating medium, 568 design, 564 draining, 569 'drifting snow, 569 beat from slab, 567
beating requirements. 564' 'installation, 568 internal corrosion, 569 pumping head, 565 safety, 568 slab construction, 569 snowfall, 566
Solar constant, 8, 272
Solar heat, 272
absorbed by glass, 286
altitude, 273
calculation tables, 273-275,
289-294
through shaded windows, 296,
297
time lag, 298
_
transmission of, 272
through glass, 286'
through roofs, 278
through walls, 280
Solar heat gain, 272
basic principles, 272 design for figured rolled glass,
293 design for flat glass, 287' design for glass block, 295 deviation from design, 295 shading glass, 296 Solar radiation, 272
absorption of, 272 magnitude, 272 Solar water heater, 1065.
Sol-Air temperature, 277 Sonic agglomerators, 754
XX
Soot, 151, 324, 352
Sorbents, 845
absorbents; 845, 846 adsorbents, 845-
Sound (see Noise), 887' absorbers, 896, 899
apparatus for measuring, 888 attenuation, 890, 895 control, 887/905
cross transmission between rooms, 9C4
general problem, 888 duct absorbers, 896, 898 intensity, 887 isolation, 593 levels, 651, 888, 892 * ' measurement, 888 outlet absorbers, 901 pressure, 887 unit, 887
Space heaters, 404 design, 405
.' rating, 404 Split systems, 8 Splitter dampers, 678
Spray
apparatus, 757
' booths, 987
. cooling, 761'
-\
cooling ponds,' 765
cooling towers, 767
dehumidifier, 651, 761
distribution, 763 ,
dryer, 1023
equipment, 757
generation, 763
humidifiers, 759, 763, 764
unit air conditioner, 593
N
Spread, air distribution, 663, 668
Square foot of heating surface, 8
Squeeze dampers, 664 .
Squirrel-cage induction motor,
* 874,875,882
Stack, stacks, 217, 231, 409, 449 height, 8, 233 wall, 449, 452
smoke, 409
Standard, standards, 1089 ' air distribution, 661
atmosphere, 63 -Standard air, 1
Static, electricity elimination, 974
pressure, 7, 699, 723 ' regain, 706
Steady flow, energy equation, 24, 67
Steam, 8 coils, 785, 792
distribution piping, 489, 637
estimating consumption, 443, 645
flow, 491, 492
flow measurement, 78, 643 heated equipment, 305 beating systems, 479
condensate return, 479 connections to units, 518
control valves, 519 corrosion, 934
drips, 515 flash leg, 516
gravity one-pipe air-vent, 480
gravity return, 479
Hartford return, 481 high pressure steam, 483 low pressure steam, 483
mechanical return, 479 one-pipe, 480 orifice, 488 piping for, 489
sub-atmosphertc, 487 two pipe, 482 vacuum, 486 vapor, 484
jet type system, 821 -
Steam (continued) 'meters, 78, 643
' panel healing, 551 .
pipe capacities. 492-501 .properties, 32, 49 rates, 645 reducing valves, 504 requirements, 443, 645 runout, 481 superheated, 8 tables, 32, 49
traps, 510 valves, 519 velocity, 493 Steel boilers, 384' Sterlization of air, 132
,
Stoker, stokers, 355
classification of, 355
combustion adjustments, 360
combustion process, 357
controls, 363
furnace design, 361
mechanical, 355
\
overfeed flat grate, 359
overfeed inclined grate, 357
sizing and ratings, 362
underfeed, 358
Sub-atmospheric systems, 487
Summer air conditioning sys
tem, 263, 477, 647
Summer comfort, 127, 128
Superheated steam, 8
Supply mains, 8
Supply openings, 460, 662, 673,
901, 1031
measurement of velocities,
1079
Supports, pipe, 609
Sudan condensation, 202, 630
conductance, 3, 170,179 coefficients, 92, 170, 628 external pipe, 623 heating, 9
extended, 9 temperature, 198, 403, 559, 1071 Suspended unit heater, 574
Symbols, 12,13,14 air conditioning, 21 for drawings, 17 heating, 18 piping, 17
ventilating, 19
*
Tables
air changes, 222
air conditioning temperatures and humitities, 960-970
air duct size, 452 .air leakage, 218, 220, 221 air requirements, 113 air, volume of, 32
allowable concentration ,, gases, vapors, 158
dust, fumes, 160, 161 altitude, pressure and tem
perature, 63 analytical solutions for heat
conduction, 107 anthracite size, 322 atmospheric gas, 931
atmospheric impurities, 153, 931
attenuation
between grille and room, 897 data, lining board, 899 in straight ducts, 895 of branches, 896 of elbows, 896
of plate absorber, 900 azimuth angle, 275 black body radiation, 96
boiler ratings, 386, 387,389 bonnet pressure, 475 building load factors, 448 calorific value, 320,321, 331,336
l Tables (continued) .'- capacity constants, unit heat
ers, 577 . capture velocities, 982
carbon dioxide maximum, 347 cast-iron boiler rating, 389
oeiling temperature, 248 chimney draft, 423
circular equivalents of rec tangular ducts, 690
classification of
coals, 321 motors, 874 water, 928 climatic conditions, 241, 267 coal analyses, 320 coal classification, 321 codes, 1089' coil capacity balance, 795 combustible elements and
compounds, 344 combustion rates 392
comfort ranges, 123 condenser design data, 780 conductance, 93, 170, 180
air space, 170, 180 conduction problem solution,
101, 107 conductivity materials, 91.
170, 175, 176, 180.
convection conductances, 93 conversion equations, 15 conveying velocity, 982-992 cooling coil arrangements, 794. cooling tower pipe size, 1054 copper elbow equivalents, 523 copper tube capacity, 526 copper tube surface, 623 correction factors,
steam radiator, 546 water radiator, 546
unit heaters, 577 corrosion resistance, 996 cost of air conditioning, 950 . decibel scale, 889 degree-days for cities, 437 . design dry- and wet-bulb tem- '
peratures, 241, 264, 267, 277, 960, 1039 design humidity, 960-970 dew-point, fuels, 352 draft in chimneys, 423
draft requirements of appli ances, 424
duct attenuation, 895 duct combinations, 463, 464 duct joints, 712 duct sizing, 452, 453, 455, 456,
464,471,472 duct velocity, 702 duct weight, 713, 714, 993 dust concentration,, 155 elbow attenuation, 896 elbow equivalent, 523, 1052 emissivity factors, 5 end reflection, 900 environmental conditions,
limits, 118 equivalent length of fittings,
453, 468, 495, 1053 equivalent temperature dif-
' ferentials, 278, 280 exhaust pipes for machines, ' 988, 990 exhaust velocities, 982, 984-987 expansion tank sizes, 536
fan outlet velocity, 734 fan speed, 734 fitting allowance, 443, 468, 495 fitting dimensions, 611-614
fixture flow, 1046 fixture units, 1046 flammability of gases and
vapors, 162 flanged fittings surface, 624 flue gas dewpoint, 350 free convection, 94 friction loss, pipe, 376, 492,
496-501,524,526 friction valves and fittings,
454, 495, 523, fuel consumption, 442, 443
XXI
Tables (continued)
. iuel oil properties, 330 fumes, concentration, 160
gas piping capacity, 376
gaseous fuel properties, 336 glass absorptance, 286 glass transmittance,.286 graphical symbols, 17 neat absorbed, cooling, water,
775 heat conductance, 93,101,171--
175 heat equivalents, 257 heat flow walls and roofs, 186-
196, 278-282
heat gain appliances, 304
glass, 289, 291 glass blocks, 292, 293, 294 insulated cold pipes, 631
heat loss bare copper pipe, 622 bare steel pipe, 542, 622 basement, 251
a pipe coils, 542 radiation, 96 .
heat transmission coefficients,' 186
building construction,,' 186197. 282
doors, 197 glass, 197 roofs, 194, 282
walls, 186 water heaters, 1062 'hot water demand, 1055, 1056,
1058 hot water pipe sizes, 523-526,
1048-1050 humidities, industrial air con
ditioning, 960-970 incident angle, 274 infiltration through outside
doors, 222 infiltration through walls, 218 - infiltration through windows,.
220 inflammability, gases, 162 inside temperatures, 247, 264
inside temperatures, 247, 264 960, 1039
instantaneous solar heat gain 289-294
insulation conductivity, 624 .insulation factors, 624 insulation thickness, 631, 633 insulation to prevent freezing,
633 insulation, underground, 635 intake velocity, 679 iron elbow equivalents, 523 life of equipment, 951 limits for contaminants, 158--
163 load factors, 448 maintenance cost, 953 maximum allowable concen
trations dust, fumes, mists, 160 dusts,* 160,161 flammable gases, 162 gases, 158 vapors, 158 metal gages for ducts, 712, 993 meter performance, 1052
minimum outdoor air require ments to remove odors, 113
moisture content for' mate rials, 972
moisture regain, 972
moisture transfer, 208 motor classification, 874
motor current, 875 motor design limits, 872 motor drive applications, 878 motor horsepower', 872 * motor ratings, 880 motor speed range, 872 motor voltage, 872
noise levels; 891 oil fuel specifications, 330 oil heat value, 331