Document 3Qw6X8Ym75zwYbMymYRkgjQ36
FILE NAME: RT Vanderbilt (RTV)
DATE: 1975 Nov
DOC#: RTV133
DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Govt Report - Industrial Hygiene Study of the Gouverneur Talc Cov Number One Mine and Mill
/
FIAL REPORT
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE STUDY OF THE GOUVERNEUR TALC COMPANY, HUMBER CfE MINE AND MILL Balmat, New York
Volume I
* REPORT PREPARED 3Y John M. Dement
Ralph D, Zumwalde
SURVEY DATE Nove.mber 3-7, 1975
FINAL REPORT DATE June 3, 1977
\ 4'* H "VeiS.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Division of 3urveill.ar.ca, Hazard Evaluations and Fi;alci Studies
. Cincinnati, Ohio
CRMC-HT-TA LC-000276
CCOT2MTS
Abstract
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Description of the Facilities
Description of Operations and Controls
Medical, Industrial Hygiene and Safety Programs
Inspection of'Mine and Mill Operations
Potential Health Hazards
Housekeeping
Study Methods
Bulk Sample Collection and Analysis
Air Sampling and Analysis
Study Results
Bulk Sample Analyses
Air Samples
Comparison of Sampling and Analytical Methods
Comparison of Present and Past Exposures
Discussion
Conclusions and Recommendations
References
Appendixes
I Mineral Product Safety Data Sheets for R.T. Vanderbilt Talcs
II Results of Individual Air Samples and Summary Statistics for
HICSH Industrial Hygiene Study
FIGURES ,
1 Gouverneur Talc Company, Inc. Simplified Flew Sheet 2 Aspect Ratios for Airborne Anthophyllite Fibers 3 Aspect Patios for Airborne Tremolite Fibers 4 Electron Photomicrograph of Airborne Particulates 5 Electron Photomicrograph of .Airborne Particulates 6 Electron Photomicrograph of A.irbome Particulates 7 Comparison of Tine-Ueightsd-Average Fiber and Respirable
Dust Exposures, Mill Samples 8 Comparison of Fiber Concentrations by Optical and
Electron Microscopy 9 Mean Yearly Impir.ger Dust Concentrations for Mine Operations 10 Mean yearly Inpinger Dust Concentrations for Mill Operations
TABLES
1 Sources of Talc Bulk'Samples Obtained from Talc Suppliers 2 Summary of independent Analyses of Talcs Produced at the-
Gouverneur Talc Company and Obtained fret Suppliers
i CRMC-HT-TALC-000277
CONTENTS.
Abstract
Acknowledgements
'
.
Introduction
Description of the Facilities
Description of Operations and Controls
Medical, Industrial Hygiene andSafety Programs
Inspection of Mine and Mill Operations
'
Potential Health Hazards
Housekeeping.
Study Methods
Bulk Sample Collection and Analysis .
-
Air Sampling ar.d Analysis
Study Results
'
Bulk Sample Analyses
_
.Air Samples .
Comparison of Sampling and Analytical Methods
Comparison of Present and Past Exposures
Discussion
'
Conclusions.and Recommendations
References
Appendixes
1 Mineral Product Safety Data Sheets for R.T. Vanderbilt Talcs
II Results of Individual Air Sample's and Summary Statistics for
HICSH Industrial Hygiene Study
'
Hi iv 1 3 S
.9 10 10 10 11 11 13
15 15
-22 38 45 51
60
61
FIGURES.
1 Gouverneur Talc Company, Inc..Simplified Flew Sheet
7
2 Aspect Patios for Airborne Anthophyllita Fibers
32
3 A.spect Ratios for Airborne Tremolite Fibers
33
4 Electron Photomicrograph of Airborne Particulates
'
34
5 Electron Photomicrograph of Airborne-Particulates
35-
6 Electron Photomicrograph of Airborne Particulates
36
7 Comparison of Tima-Hveightsd-Average Fiber and Respirable
39
Dust Exposures, Mill Samples .
.
8 Comparison of. Fiber Concentrations by Optical and
43
Electron Microscopy
9 Mean Yearly. .Impinger Dust Concentrations for Mine Operations
4S
10 Mean Yearly Impincer Dust Concentrations for Mill Operations
49
TABLES
1 Sources of Talc Bulk Samples Obtained from Calc Suppliers
12
2 Summary cc Independent Analyses of Calcs Produced at the
16
C-cuverneur Talc Ccmpany ar.d Obtained from Suppliers
i
Tables Con't
CONTENTS
3 - summary of MCSH Electron Microscopic Analyses'or Talcs
Produced at the Gouverneur Talc Company and Obtained From .'Suppliers
4 Results of X-Pay Diffraction and Petrographic Microscopic.'Analyses
of Talc Samples Collected During Study
5 'Results of Trace .Metal Analyses of Bulk Talc Samples Collected
During Study
6 Results of Major Element Analyses of Gouverneur Talc Company '
Product Samples
7 Summary of Time-Weighted-Average Exposures by Job, Gouverneur-
Talc Company 'lumber One Mine
8 Summary of Tine-Weighted-Average Exposures by Job, Gouverneur
Talc Company 'umber Cne Mill
9 Comparison of Optical and Electron Microscopic Timers Concentrations
10. Summary of Airborne Fiber Types Determined by Analytical Electron
Microscopy
11 Summary of Airborne, Fiber Diameters for Positive Amphiboles 12 Summary of Airborne Fiber Lengths for Positiva Amphiboles
13 Aspect Ratios for Positive Amphiboles Determined by Electron Microscopy
1.4 Summary of Stationary Samples for Correlation of Sampling Methods
15 Comparison of Impinger and Optical Fiber Count Results
16 Comparison of Optical and Electron Microscopic Fiber Concentrations
17 Summary of Historic Impir.ger Dust Measurements at the Couverneur
Talc Company
18 Summary of Historic Fiber Exposure Measurements at the Couverneur
Talc Company
`
i
17
13!
IS:
21
23
24
27 28
23 30 37 40 42 44 46
47
ABSTRACT
A industrial hygiene study was undertaken at the Couvernaur Talc Company, number one mine and mill, during Mcvember 3-7/ 1975.. Samples w vra ac' lucHsi. to evaluate exposures to respirable dust, free silica and asbesto- tibers. In addition im.pir.ger samples were collected for comparison with past exposure measurements. Bulk product talc samples were also collected for rir.eralcgical analyses by both MICSK and independent consultant laboratories'.
Results or mineralogical analyses of talc product samples by all laboratories concluded that asbestiform minerals (tremolite ar.d anthophyllite) were pre sent. Time-weighted-average fiber exposures in mine and mill operations werefound to range from 1.7 to 9.8 fibers > S ym/cc ar.d time-weighted-average re spirable dust exposures were found to range from 0.25 to 2.96 mg/m^. Mo.free silica exposures were found to exceed the MICSK recommended standard of 50 Mg/ m3. Electron microscopic analyses of the airborne dusts shewed 28 to 45% of airborne fibers to be anthophyllite with lesser quantities (12 to 191} of tremolite. More than 90% of the airborne fibers ware shorter than 5 urn ir. lengt
A review of historic exposure data of these operations ar.d epidemiological data concerning health effects of exposures to tramolite and anthophyllite are included in addition to recommendations for workplace improvements to reduce exposures.
iii
. ACKMOVikEDGEMEMTS
Mike Grannan and Sric Kus os. micsh and dim Salois o MESA assisted in. collection os-' the industrial'hygiene samples,' Mike Grannan Robert Phillips and Kenneth M. Wallingford assist! in the optical asbestos fiber analyses and Terry`Boyla and Dennis Roberts assisted in reduction of the field and laboratory data. Dr. D.'A. Bowes of the University of Glasgow kindly performed major element analyses of talc bulk samples.
Analyses.of talc bulk samples were performed by W.C. McCrone Associates and the Mt. Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of .Mew York.
IMTROaUCTICM
The tarsi "talc", in tha mineralogical sense.denofcas'. a specific 'ypckioHain,
mineral o th sheet silicate category [Mg (SigO^g) (CHJ4]; however,
"talc" in the industrial sense may represent a varied-mixture of minerals
4
with similar physical properties as talc.(D Unfortunately, many past studies
of the health effects of industrial .talc exposures have not adequately inden-
tified the various hazardous agents which may have been present id the talcs.
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has underway an industrywide study of the talc mining and milling industry. These studies include both epidemiological-studies of exposed worker populations to determine, 'health effects which may be attributed to the work environment and detailed industrial hygiene studies to characterize the various agents to which these workers have been exposed.
The "talc" mining area in the vicinity of St. Lawrence County, Hew York, represents a complex association of amphiboles (anthophyllite, trerr.olite, etc.) talc, quartz, and serpentines..^) Proportional mortality studies by Kleinfeld et.al.f2'2) of talc miners and millers in .this area have demon strated significantly increased mortality due to both malignant and r.onmalignant respiratory diseases. Also, HIGSH analyses of talcs (Nytal 2CQ) certified by the Vanderbilt Company not to contain asbestos have demonstrated significant contamination levels of both fi-brocs tremolits and oibrous antho-- phyliite.'4) However, it has beers stated that these studies are not appro priate since the mineral make-up of talc deposits in this area differ sub stantially with each deposit; some containing asbestos while others do not. One study(!y) has suggested differences ir. toxicity among these minerals.
D E S O W m O U OP THE WCILMIiSR.T* Vanderbilt began talc oparationa at th Gouvarnaur Tale Caassany in 1947 with one mine (ifl) and one mill (ffl).. In 1974, the Vanderbilt Corporatic acquired all;talc operations of the International Talc Company. From this purchase, Vanderbilt was operating two mills (`2 and #6), one underground mine (ifl mine) and one. open pit .(Arnold Pit) at the time e this study. Only the ff3 mine contains what the Vanderbilt Corporation considers to ba fibrous anthophyllite and this ora is processed in the 23 mill.
The total employment at all R. T. Vanderbilt New York talc operations at the
time of the present study was approximately 170 persona. These are broken
down as follows:
Underground - 41
.
Open Pit - 13
Mills
- 67
Salaried - 49
170
Employees of these operations are represented by local 24979 of United Steal
Workers which organized in these talc operations in 1954. All operations
were on a 54 day per week schedule with the mine operating only during the
day shift while the mill operates three shifts.' A list of jqbs and a de
scription of related duties in the number one mine and mill are giver, in
Appendix II.
Approximately 19 talc products from all of the Company's New York talc operations are markatad. Mineral Product Safety Eata Sheets for these products (supplied by ?,.T.. Vanderbilt), are shewn in Appendix I. These talcs are used in nemerour products. Some typical uses are as follows:
3
1. .Ceramic wall tile 2. - Pottary artware 3. Electrical insulators 4. Ceramic tile glace and flux 5. Paint filler and carrier .for extender 6. Putties and spackling compounds 7. Die. castings (fibrous grades)
DESCRIPTION G QPEPJVTIGUj MD CONTROLS: .
\ y
GOUVERNEUR. TALC CO, MINE AMP Mill,' (il MWS, A.RMCtp 'PIT AMD il MILL)
Surface facilities include the main office, mine office, quality control
laboratory, change room, crusher building and packer building.
Underground hard rock mining methods are employed using jackleg drills to make holes for blasting the ore in open stopes. The number one mine consists of one main shaft 1250 feet in depth with three main working levels branching off. During the present survey, ore was being mined from ap proximately 6 of 26 active stopes, According to. Company personnel, mining follows a typical cycle: blasting is done with gelatin dynamite and ANFO; ' time is allowed for dust and gases to dissipate; stoning operations are begun including drilling for the next shifts, blasting, and removal of ore. However, seme secondary blasting is done during the work shift.
Ore (muck) from the. stoping areas is loaded into 2 ton rail cars using either gravity drawpoint loading or scraper (slusher) loading. Ore from these cars is discharged into a central jaw crusher located at the 700 ft. level although some crushing is also done on the 1110 ft. level. The crushed ore is loaded into a skip and carried, to the min headframe where a gyratory .crusher reduces the ore to approximately 3/4 inch screen size. The ore is then transported by conveyor belt to cne of four wet ore storage
bins in the.mill.
Approximately 40,000 cfm of mining ventilation is provided to this mine. In addition, the ore may be quite moist, thereby further, reducing dust exposures. Drilling is usually dene using wet methods. At the 700 ft. level crusher, water sprays are also used for dust suppression.
5
In addition, to ores frctr, the number one"'mine, the number.sne.'mill also receives, ores for first stage crushing from the Arnold Pit-located ap*> proximately one mile from he mill. Ores are mined from the Arnold Pit using traditional hard rock open pit mining methods by drilling blastholes 'then blasting to break the ore. A' front loader is used to load ore into trucks . by which the ore is transported to the primary crushers which are located at the open pit. There re no dust collectors on the open pit crusher.
In the number one mill, various grade tal-c products are produced by dry grinding operations. A- simplified flow sheet for the milling operations is given in Figure 1,
Ores from the wet ore storage bins are periodically sampled by the quality control lab to determine appropriate product grade. The ores are first ground in a cone crusher followed by drying in a rotary dryer. The dry ore is next further reduced using a gyratory disc crusher to produce a minus 12 to 14 mesh product. The product is next screened on vibratory screens and transported to one of six dry ora silos. Fine grind produces' are made from these ores using either Kardinge pebble mills in.closedcircuit with Raymond separators or impact crushers in closed circuit with fluid energy mills.
The fine ground powder is scored in or.s e: several concrete silos, These
silos are filled using a bettor, filling technique patented by
''ar.derhiit.
Material from these silos is withdrawn by air slides and pumped to the
packaging ar.d shipping areas.
6
SIMPLIFIED FLOW SHEET
Underr.tohnd Hlnu* - 5 Grades of ore V
Undarground, Jaw'Crusher
(Minas A"jMaterial)
Main Shaft - 6 Ton Skin
'Holeting Capacity 90 Tar.5 per hour
Surface Gvratorv Crusher
(Minus l"jMaterial)
Belt Conveyor to Hill r
Automatic Sampler*
A Wet .Ore Binr Caoacitv-90 Tons each
Fine Crushing and Drying Circuit
r
(Minus iZ Mesh Material) 1
5 Dry Ore.Silos - Caoacitv-500 Tons
Each
Pebble Hill Grinding; Circuit*
3 - 1 0 ft. :c 66" Pebble Mills in closed circuit with 3
Air Separators
Coarsely Ground
+Material
Fluid Energy Grinding Circuit*
1A Fluid Energy Mills'using heated compressed air
Finished Product I
Finished Product r
Total Capacity ofGrinding Circuits is 600 Tons per day
+
+
VibratingScreens
Vibrating
Screen,
Y
'
(To remove tramp material)
+
(To remove tramp.material)
+
1
Low Pressure Air Conveying System
Low Pressure Air Conveying System
Alpine Classifying Circuit*
+ 4 - MikropieJc 800 u n i t s
L.P. Air Conveying System r
(Note - All finished `product' silos filled from bottom
T for better mixing of silo contents) T 6 Finished Product Silos 2 Finished Product Silos 3 Finished Product Silos .
Capacity
SO to 400 Tons each
I
Sampling Faint
Capacity - A00 Tons each Capacity - 70 to 1300 Tons each
T Low Pressure Air Conveying-, Systems___ ,
Bag Packing Plant
50^lb. multi val^ bags'
Bon Cars*
Trucks*
Hooper Cars* for bulk shipments
Track Scales
7
j s }
\
m
Talc may be either sold in bulk'or package,in '50 ib;.'valve ,ty? ;ksais paper bags. Bag packaging.is done-using pneumatic packing machines.
In general, ventilation systems within the mill are quite good. Most material transfer points are provided with local exhaust ventilation and bucket elevators and conveyors are maintained under negative pressure. At the bagging machines, local exhaust -ventilation is provided at the rilling spout in addition to downdraft ventilation at the bag hooper. For bulk car loading, the telescopic loading spout is provided with a local exhaust ventilation collar.
Air pollution controls consist largely of baghouse dust collectors, although a cyclone is used on the mine headframe gyratory crushers. Much of the collected material is recycled to the product streams. No products from the number or.e mine or Arnold Pit were being labeled with the OSHA asbestos warning at the time of this study.'
OTHER MINES AMD MILLS
The #3 mine was not observed during this study. The i*3 ar.d "6H mills
were observed during a previous visit. The #3 mill produces products
considered by the Company to. contain ar.thcphyliita asbestos. These
products are labeled with the CSKA asbestos warning label. Milling
operations at these mills are basically the same as those previously
described for the ~I mill with minor variations. Dust control measures
are not, however, as effective as those.observed in'the "1 mine and are
being further improved.
(
MEDICAL, I'MDUSTSIAI/ HVGJSUE! Af.'D S A f .'
'yp ' iyl
Only first-aid medical facilities' are .'available' at the Gouverr.eur Talc
Co. Hew employees are given a pre-employment examination consisting aS
a work history, medical history,physical examination, and chest x-ray.
Periodic examinations including a chest x-ray have been given at yearly
intervals. All examinations are given by a local'physician who consults
with the Plant.
*
Plant safety is handled by a Plant. Safety Director (Floyd Robinson) . Monthly departmental safety inspections are conducted by Union and Plant personnel in addition to monthly safety meetings. Personnel protective . equipment presently used in the mine includes hard hats, mine lights, personnel rescuers, safety glasses, and safety boots all of which are pro vided by the Company.. In the mill, safety glasses are encouraged and workers at talc' bagging operations are provided with dust masks which, according to observations made during this study, are only sporadically used. Hearing protection is provided for specific operations in the mill and mine. In 1974, there were 9 reported (lost time) accidents in the mine and 2 in the mill,
The Company presently does not maintain the services of a full_ time i.ndustria hygienist. Some-sampling is conducted by the Plant Safety Director in additf. to yearly sampling by the insurance carrier. Air sampling in these operation: has also been conducted by the Hew 'fork Division of Industrial Hygiene and the Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration (MESA).
9
INSPECTION OF MIMS AMD MILL. .OPERATIONS. .
..
POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS
_
The following are potential health hazards noted during this visit:
1. Respirator/ exposures to mineral dusts (fibrous and
non-fibrous tremolite and anfchophyl'iita, talc, serpentine,
quartz, etc.) in. mining and milling operations.
2. Excessive noise exposures in selected plant operations.
3. Exposures to blasting gases in mining operations uuirir.g
secondary blasting.
.HOUSEKEEPING In general, housekeeping in these operations was judged to.be acceptable Some loose talc was, however, noted on the floors in the talc bagging ' operations. Numerous leaks at material transfer points were noted in the mill.
BUU
.IlCCi AMl JZC-C
lSISjroducsd ar. bagged during rhs industrial
hygiene study ws oliectua -ter laboratory mineraicgical as.5ay- Jn addition,
saver. talc sam.pl reduced at this mine and mill vera collected from in-
dependent talc S' iers (Table 1) for mineralogies! assay. Several ore
samples were also collected-during-mine' sampling.
analyses on collected bulk samples were performed by both t-.'ICSK and inde pendent consultant laboratories. The seven talc bulk samples collected from talc suppliers were submitted to both Walter C. McCrone Associates Incorporated and to the Mount Sinai School of Medicine for independent analysis by-x-ray .diffraction, optical microscopy and electron microscopy. These some samples were also analysed by HICSK for the presence of asbestiform fibers by electron microscopy using electron diffraction and energy dispersive x-ray analysis for fiber identification.(7)
Bulk samples collected during the industrial hygiene study were submitted, to Walter C, McCrone Associates Incorporated for rair.eralcgicai analyses by x-ray diffraction (using step scanning methods) and optical microscopic analyses. These some samples were analysed by MIGSH for selected trace metals by atomic absorption spectroscopy (after acid digestion).
In addition to the above analyses, several products produced at the number one mine and mill ar.d submi tted to UICSK by Vanderbilt ware analysed for . . chemical composition by Cr. 0.?.. Bowes of the Department or Geology, toe
Table 1
Sources of R.T. Vanderbilt Talcs Produced at the Gouverneur Talc Company, Number One Mine
and Mill and Obtained, from Suppliers
Product Name
Nytal 300 Mytal 400
5X 325 X FT 3X
Source
HOSH Ji
Crone Chemical P,,0. Box 14042 Houston, Texas
77021
001 002
j *--i-t k m u i mim
.
003
Paul Crazier Company 1115 Silver St.
Houston, Texas 77007
004 005 COS
007
13
University of Clasgow. 1Vox', them lyeeaD*;VBowaa .'uasd spactrephotemafer'y1.'
for S i 0 2 i TiO-j, AI2O3/ total- 'Pa ( F a ^ by'difference'from FaD), and P^Oj'. V determinations. Atomic absorption analysis was used for Mno, MgO and CaO.
Flame photometry was. used for Ma 0 and V^O ar.d v/ijfc chemical assay was used c
FeO.<10)
`
AIR SAMPLING, M D ANALYSIS-
Personal air samples were collected from the breathing zone (miners and mills
to determine time-weighted-average exposures to respirable dust, free silica,
and asbestos fibers. Personal samples for respirable dust ar.d free silica
were collected at a flow rata of 1.7 1pm using 37 ra diameter polyvinyl
chloride filters (pre-weighed)'preceaded by 10 mm nylon cycor.e separators.
Samples for asbestos fiber analysis wore collected on open faced 37 mm diamet
Millipore Type AA filters (0.3 pm pore sits) at 'a flew rata of 1.7 1pm. Re
spirable* samplers were allowed to operate for the full 'work shift while
asbestos samples were changed periodically during .the work shift as needed
to prevent overloading of filters.
'
Free silica concentrations were determined using.x-ray diffraction as
specified ir. the NICSH silica Criteria Document.(S) All asbestos samples
were analysed using the MCSH phase contrast counting technique.^ ' In
addition, a representative portion of the asbestos samples were randomly
.a
chosen and analyzed by electron microscopy using selected area electron
diffraction and energy dispersive x-ray analysis for fiber identification,
electron microscopy was also used to determine airborne fiber concentrations,
and site (diameter ar.d length) distributions.
Samples for electron
microscopic analysis were prepared using a modification of methods described
=7 Ortiz.(9)
in order to relate results of the present industrial 'hygiana-'study to past: studies in these operations, midget irapingor samples`also Wore taken-in a manner identical to past sampling techniques. 3reathing tons impir.car samples were collected in ethyl alcohol at a flow rate of 0.1 cfn with sampling periods ranging from IS to 30 minutes. These samples were counted at the end of each work, shift using Cunn counting- cells and bright field optical microscopy (100X). Two preparations were made for each sample and allowed to settle for 30 minutes and counts made by two . counters. When counts differed by more than 10%, new preparations were made and recounted.
In addition to personal sampling,' stationary samples ware taken to further .attempt correlations between inpinger counts, respirable mass concentrations, total mass concentrations, and asbestos fiber concen trations. Midget impingers were collected as described above using a sequential sampler (24 samplers) such that the entire work shift was sampled. Simultaneously, respirable and total mass samples were col lected at flow rates of 10 1pm using 37 mm diameter polyvinyl chloride filters (ore-weighed). The respirable samples were collected using st; inless steel cyclone and free silica analyses'of the respirable dust performed using x-ray dif/racticn.^ asbestos count samples were collected and analyzed as described above for personal samples.
STUDY RESULTS
3ULX SAMPLE ANALYSES
. *
.
.
Results of analyses of the seven ta lc samples obtained from sugoiieirs'
* are shown, in Tables 2 and 3. Copies of the reports submitted by McCrone
and Mt. Sinai and analytical data obtained by NICSH are given in Volume
II of this report. These reports all concluded that asbestiforn tremolite
,, '
v
and anthophyllita vers present in these samples. In addition, Mt, Sinai
and NICSK- reported trace quantities of chrysotila in some samples. The
only major discrepancy, notable is a higher quarts contant for each sample
reported by Mt. Sinai. NICSH analyses tend to'support .the lower McCrone
results which is substantiated by 'the air sample results.
Results of MIOSK.electron microscopic analyses of these talcs, given in
Table 3, show that a majority of the fibrous particles in these samples are
anthophyllite (67 to 88%) with smaller quantities of tremolite (4 to 12%).
A large majority of the tremolite identified by x-ray diffraction is not
fibrous. Anthcphyllits fibers with very large aspect ratios (1000/1) were
observed. A close association between talc and tremolite has been'demon
strated by stemple and Brindley.
Results of further x-ray diffraction and petrographic microscopic analyses' (McCrbnel"of/product "samples 'collected during the study are shewn ir. Table . 4. These results are in basic agreement with previous results given in Table 2, As can be seen in Table 3, ail trace metals for which analyses were performed, with the exception of iron and manganese, were essentially absent. Only insignificant quantities of iron and manganese were detected.
SjXfi-L
1
- s '''is&U1-/.'SVei ;/.<' "-wiu't--'r'iSc1
Jte
;' lY ii^* fa-- j#***^.
:ii'ncitiL -- ..H...m_Sc
1iChiul iL<i Mc.Ci une ML. S iiiu 1
An Li:uphy ili Le Math one
i M l . Sinai
i-Quar Lr j McGrone 1 Ht. Sinai i
;t.r[ionlillc'J ` MaiJc.`nc : M Sinai
My ta 1 A00
50-60 24
Present 2-3
0 .5-1.0 7-10
10.-15 j 14-IS
Table' 2
Summary of Independent Analyses of Talcs Produced at the Gouverneur Talc
Company Number One Mine and Mill. Samples Obtained From Talc Suppliers
Nytal 300
40-50 IB
* 4-5
2 9-10
10-15 14-la
Percent Composition by Weight
5X,,
X
3X
.
t
1
FT
40-50 27
>50-60 50-60
50-60 32
50-6.0 , 17
325
'veO 24-
Present 7-9
Present *
* A *
k
A
k
5-7
`cl.5 8-9
<0.5 9-10
0 .5-1.0 7-8
A A
'Vi. 5
A A
. 3-4
.10-12 14-18
'VlS 26-30
<v30 31-35
^20 26-30
10-12 19-23
.* bclov; detection limits using x-ray diffraction (line scan by McCronc, step scanning by Mt. Sinai)
.*A .below detection limits by step scanning. o
a
Table 2
Summary of Independent Analyses of Talcs Produced at the Couvermair Talc
Company Number One Mine and Mill. Samples Obtained From Talc'Suppliers
M ilio!,al Mri.'Se
!Ti'uiulFt e MeMi iuse K !.. '.Altd l
An l l.'t '|!3/ 111 to McOinmir Mt. Ciudi
|\|ii*ir E Met Ir Line
!1 Mt. Si Hiii
_______ * _______ _
IfI$vi.iJunLin o ."icCi'anir
.M l . Si iidl
Hytal 600
50-60 2 A
Present 2-3
0.5-1 .0 7- 10
10-15 iA- 1
11ytal 300
A0-5 IB
* A-5
. 2 9-10
10-15 14-18
Pereent Composition By Weight
5X
3X
A0-50 .27
>50-60 50-60
50-60 32
Present 7-9
Present
'Ll. 5 8-9
10-12 1A-18
<0.5 9-10
'Ll 5 26-30
0 .5-1.0 7-8
n-30 31-35
FT 50-60
17
A A'
n.20 26-30
l.elow detection TJmits using x-ray diffractioti (line scan by McCrone, step scanning by M l , Sinai), A A belt? de Lee Lion limits by step scanning.
325
'tfiO 2A
* 5-7
M.5 3-4
10-12 19-23
Table 3
.Summary of KIOSH Electro Microscopic Analyses of Tale Produced at the Couverneur TalcCompany Number One Mine and Mill
Sample's Obtained Prom Talc Suppliers
Ratine of Fiber Aspect Ha ties
Fiber Identification (Percent)**
Positive Amphlboles i'romoliue Anthophylli Le
Positive Chrysotile
lion Asbestos
88
H.I).
72
N.D.
80
Trace
80
H.n.
87
H.i).'
72
N.D.
83
Trace
'.Selected area diffraction patterns not sufficient for positive identification !U icent " 71 of all'fibers analyzed !>y count and not by mass. .All fiber lengths analyzed
>'- 51me DuLi'i: ted
Not* Identified
12
12
16
Table 4
M
Results of X-Ray Diffraction and l'etragrapliic Microscopic Analyses of bulk Talc Samples Collected During Study Gouverneur Talc Company, Number One Mine, and Mil 1
s Mineral
| 1(i.` ,i.o ] i i (J `..ijihy 1!!U' ftx ilte i j'ai i L t: '.I'-llLjISCLi,
Talc IT'
31-ID <40 MO 2,6 1 1
10-15
Hy tal 100
4 3-A8 Mi 7 M .5 <0,25 <0.5
<0.5 10-15
Sample Analyses , 7. by Weight
Ceramet ale HOT
Ny ta 1 200
30-35
33-3
`>49
'43
0,5
'<0
<0.25
0.7
0
0
<0.5
<0.5
10-15
10-15
Nytal 300
35-40 '<38 10 0 . <0.5 <0.5
10-15
Nytal 200 M4 '<59 15 1.1 <1 <0.5 '<10
T 'Includes ifzardl.l.e and a n t i g o r i t e .
CRMC-HT-TALC-000299
jffiC"' Smb5s h 88w
- * -- r i -in %'K - _i V., '*> > -
US' II
Hk
. .
J^'%.
2 i, -A.*,.. '~ ,, 7*
<
`*V ' -!s
"fr
-
Table 3
Results of Trace Me cal Analysas of Bulk Talc Samples Collected During Study
Gouverneur Talc Company, Humber One Mint and Mill
_______________ u ) c IT /la?, 1O0
-, , ; . , . U d ) c HUT y i ..i 1 yia i y i . r 'J -
Cu 1IL-C Ld 11/4/75 13/4/75 13/4/75' 31/4/75 11/1/75 11/3//5
. L`l-
1
1 3 ?. 3
2
3
Co ' 1
<1
2 2 3 2
T r a c e M e t a l , 1`L'M*
'
Fe
Mn Ii' M i
1100
1700
-.7
1000
04 0
5
830
1000
6
070
1300
7
1000
1700
! 5
9
1400
: 5
I* Ta-acu tala determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy
2n 20-
19
17 20 23 " .'22
C <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 .
O
Mi o
mm ?V ll iIfI g
Results of Major Element; Analyses of Gouverneur Talc Company, Number One -Mill, Product Samples*
OL ] iiytai <St11 j 100 ,
Ny tal 200
Uy cal : 400
Sample Analyses, 7. By Weight* ,
Cerami talc; 1.
Cerami talc 10A
Cerami calc . 3.0AC
Cerami calc HOT
3JU-,,
54.85 .
54.52
56.1.1
56.14
52.81
52.47
55.47
no;
-.V-a N
*
i
3 1
'
.
ts.04 &. 18 . 10 .Od 0.11
0.15 0.32 0.1,3 0.03 0.20
0.07 0.13 0.08 0.05 0.22
0.03 0.13 0.11 0.03 0.15
0.08 0.16 0.08 0.03 0.12
0.04 0.11 0.06 0;01 0.10
0.07 0.13 0.11 0.03 0.12
20.40
2 a..'?8 .
2.9.40
29.56
30.20
30.56
29.10
V>.02
8 .53
7.50
7.40
8.15
8.30
8.25
.
Gfi- o
0.44
0.18
0.25
0.38
0 ;16
0.18
0 .Hi
0.17
0.10
0,10
0.10
0.10
0.13 .
iS.Oi
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
5.3/
5.07
5.00
5.56
6.07
6.67
5.24
1.35
1 ;15
1.03
0.96
1.30
0.98
0.84
____l_o_o_.__,_r__/________ ------9-9--.---52- ------- !-- 99.90
100.45
99.51
99.59
99.59
tas.ijjJuu siiPii.iLi eti to tllOSli by U.T. Vanderbilt, Analyses performed by Dr . D.R. Bowes, Universi ty of Glasgow.
3 j
i t i l e ;; i lj ni j e' 1 uni 3y
In reference 10.
Talc Scds** 61.49
0.01 1.20 0.38 1.07 0.00 30.54 0.46 '-- ,
--
5.00 5.00 ,
CRMC-HT-TALC-000301
- "'''*;" :' ^ jJ
B
,i*a> ^ '
Results os major elements analyses by Dr. 9cw3s' ire.'s'riowti in Taisia
The
high cao consent of these talcs correlates reasonably well with she'observe
high tromplita'content.' Other carbonates escapt traces of salcita are afese
or negligible.in these talcs as demonstrated by low C02 values. i-9) The Fe
*
*
and Mn analyses are consistent with the results shown in Table 5. These
major element analyses are in basic agreement with results obtained by Ross
et.al.^) for talcs in the Arnold Pit and by Dreessen^9) for talcs in thi
i Ross et.al. also suggested that an additional manganese-rich amchibole,'
tiredite, may he found in trace quantities in these decosits. Also, .the
major element analyses shown in Table do show 0.12 to 0:2.2% MnO; however,
no manganese-rich amphiboles were detected by the electron microscope analy
using selected area electron diffraction and microchemical analysis.
AIK SAMPLES
. .
A brier description of'each job, sampling and analytical methods used, re
sults of ail.individual samples and appropriate sisamary statistics are
shown in Appendix XI. Jobs are identified by.4 digit job codes. Tabular
summaries or tiwe-weicjhted-averapa exposures by job category for the nine and mill are given in Tables 7 and 3, respectively.
Tables 7 and S show free silica exposures to be very low. The highest
*
time-weighted-average free silica exposure observed was- 0,040 rag/m3 which
is below the 8 hour time-weighted-average exposure value of 0*05 mg/m3 re
commended by MICSH for this material.,
kespirabla dust exposures.ranged
from 0.25 to 2.96 mg/m3.: l!o respirable dust, standard has been determinad for
the mineral talc or talc containing fibrous tremolite or anthophyl.lite.
Breathing zone impingar concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 13.8 million particles per cubic foot of air (mppcf) with highest concentrations being observed in the mins. The present CSHA and >ESA standard for "talc" contain ing < LH free silica and no asbestos fibers is 20 mppef.^
Due to, its fiber content, the occupational asbestos exposure standard must be applied to exposures to materials from these mining ar.d milling operations. Tine-veigntedgaverage asbestos fiber exposures in excess'of five fibers > 5 pn/cc were observed for the following jcb categories:(1) Mine Crusher Operator (2> Trammer (3) Mine Cageman
Table 7'
Summary of Time-Weighted-Average Exposures By Job, Gouverneur Tale Co, Number One Mine
Job
Job Title.
Code j, .
0102 j Crusher Operator
0103 Trammer
0104 Scrapper Man
0105 Underground Laborer
0106' Driller.
0114 Mucker
0115 Cagenan
0301 Repairman
0302 Repairman's Helper
0303 0304
Blacksmith
' Maintenance Mechanic
Asbestos fibers 5 pm/ee (Optical Microscopy)
9.8 (4) 5.6 (25) -- -- 3.0 (5)
--
9.5 (5)
--
* -2.6 (3) 1.7 (12)
Resp. Mass rcg/m-'
0.64 (3) 1.29 (3) 0.58 (1) 0.98 (3) *-- 0.23' (1) 1.14 (1) 0.86 (1)
0.42 (1)
Impinger mppcf
Free- Sic mg/mJ
--
--
10.1 (3)
11.8 (5)
0.020 : 0.012 '
0.006 ;
00.7 (1) 0.016 <
15.8 (1) --
2,0 (1) --
--
--
3.6 (1) 0.000 (
l.S (1)
0.000 c
( ) = Humber of samples used for calculation of tima-weighted-average values for each job cacagory. Samples for respirable mass and free 510, were full shift samples
23 Srfife,S
Table 8
Summary of Time-Weighted-Avernge Exposures By Job, Gouverrieur Talc Co. Number One Mill
. Job
Code
Job Title
0201 Mill Foreman
0203 General Laborer
0204 02.06
Crusher' Operator Hardings Operator
0208 Wheeler Operator
0209 Packer
0211 Packer Serviceman
0212 Packhouse Foreman
0213 For!; Lift Operator
0214 Car Liner
0220 Bulk Car Loader
0401 | Millwright
0402 Instrument Repairman
0403 Machinis t
0405 Millwright Rainer ,
0406 Sheec :Metal Worker
0410 ' Oiler
0411 Welder
Asbestos fibers > 5 pm/cc (Optical, Microscopy)
Rasp. Mass ittg/m^
Impingar mppcf
Free S10-, mg/ni^
5.3(9) 5.6 (5) 5.1 (16) 7.9 (14) 8,4 (14) 5.1 (48) 3.6 (11) 1 1.5 (5) 4.0 (15) 3.4 (4) 2.0 (3) 1.9 (3) '2.8 (6) 1.8 (3) 4.0 (2) :..T .(3) 4.0 (4) ' 1.9 (3)
0.53 (2) 1.14 (1) 0.85: (2) 1.09 (2) 1.56 (2) . 0.59 (.9)' 0.42 (2) 0.25 (2) 0.35 (3) 0.31 (1) 0 .'25 (1) 2.37 (2) 0.59 (2) 0.40 (i) 2.96 (1) 0.50 (1) 0.72 (1) 0.75 (1)
2.9 (2) 0.013 (2)
' 0.5 (1) 0.014 (1)
2.6 (4) . 0.020 (2) 3.4 (2) ' 0.012 (1)
3.1 (2) 0.012 (1)
3.6 (6) 0.010 (7)
2.1 (!) --- -
0.007 (2) 0.014 (2)
1.5 (2) .000 (1)
____
0 .000.(1).
.0.016 (1)
--
0.040 (2)
'--
0.000 (1)
0.016 (1)
--
0.000 (1)
. ____
0-013 Cl)
--
0.016 (1)
--
( ) - Number of samples used.for calculacin of time-weighced-average values for each job category. Samples for respirable mass and free SiOj were full shift samples.i
i CRMC-HT-TALC-0003 05
^ii&i'lv?'rrtVbiAi'iS^fcjirtii-w^.v:f>
' . . Table 7
Summary of Tiaie-Welghced-Avarage Exposures Sy Job, Gouverneur Talc Co. Number One-Mine
1 Job Code
- Job Title
Asbestos fibers > 5 um/cc (Optical Microscopy)
Rasp. Mass mg/m-'
Impinger mppfcf
0102 Crusher Operator
9.3(4)
--
0103 Trammer
5.6 (25)
0.64 (3)
10.1 (3)
0104
Scrapper Man
--
0105
Underground Laborer
--
1.29' (3) 0.53 (1)
11.8 (5)
--
0106 0114
Driller Mucker
: 3.0 (55
*
0.98 (3)
--
00.7 (1) 15,8 (1)
0115 Cagenan
. 9-5 (5)
; 0.23 (1) .
2.0 (1)
0301 0302
- Repairman Repairman's Helper
1.14 (1)
-
0.86 (1)
~~
3.6 (1)
0303
Blacksmith
2,6 (3)
--
0304
_. i
Maintenance Mechanic
1.7 (12) .
0.42 (1)
1.5 '(1)
( ) = Number of samples used for calculation of time-weighted-average values for each job category. Samples for respirable mass and free SiC^ were full -shift samples.
r & - m-
--
O.i
o .<
O.i 0.!
-- --
O.i
o .c
CRMC-HT-TALC-000306
(4 ) M ill .'Foreman . .
(5) Mill Laborer (6) . Crusher Operator (7) Hardings Operator (8) Wheeler .Operator (9) Packer
*
/. '
In addition, 17 or the 24 job-categories samples had time-weighted-average
exposures exceeding the current OSHA standard.of 2.0 fibers > 5 |im/ec^ and
all operations exceeded the CSHA proposed standard of 0.5 fibers > 5 unt/
cc. (1^5
The following job categories had exposures in excess of the CSHA and MESA,
allowable ceiling value of 10 fibers > 5 yin/cc: (1) Mine Crushers Operator
(2) Trammer
(3) Mine Cageman
'
(4) Mill Foreman
(5) Mill Laborer
(6) Crushers Operator C7) Hardinge Operator
(8) Wheeler Operator
9) Packer '
individual sample results; as determined by electron'microscopy, arc shewn' in Table 9 and time-weighted-average fiber concentrations by job are shewn in Table 14 or appendix IT. In these tables, "positive asbestos" means only those identified by electron diffraction: therefore these concentrations
25 CRMC-HT-TALC-000307
represent minimum estimates'of true total airborne asbestos ericantrations, As shown-in; Appendix IS, time~wei.ghtad-aver age positive asbestos fiber ex posures as determined by electron microscopy ranged from 9 .S 'to 70,6 fibers/ cc (all lengths) with concentrations in the mill tending to be slightly higher. As shown"in Table 9, total fiber concentrations (all types and lengt for individual samples ranged from 11.6 to 139.5 fihers/cc.
A summary of airborne fiber types as determined by electron microscopy is shown.in Table 10. In the mine, 38% of the airborne fibers were identified as anthophyllite while 19% were tremolite and 39% were unidentified. In the mill, 45%.of the fibers Were anthophyllite, 12% tremolite and 33% u.nidentifieThree percent of the fibers in the mine and 2% in the mill gave chrysotile electron diffraction patterns. The presence of chrysotile in the air samples is consistent with the results of bulb sample analyses by Mt. Sinai and NIOSK where trace quantities of chrysotile were noted in seme samples. All chrysotile fibers observed in the air samples were less than 1 urn in length. Nearly all of the serpentine minerals identified in the bulb samples is lizardite.
Results of airborne fiber size determinations (diameter and length) for
tremolite and anthophyllite fibers are shown in Tables 11 and 12 with
* appropriate summary statistics. As was expected, tremolite fibers tended
to be larger in diameter and hor isir in Lsrtcti.n jisn snirrioccvliiss
rs
with size distributions for these minerals being similar for the mine and
mill, Median fiber diameters of 0.19 and 0.13 ym were observed for tremolite
and anthcphyllice, respectively. In the mine, median fiber lengths of 1.6
ym for tremolite and 1.5 ym for anthophyllite were observed, similar lengths
26
CRMC-HT-TALC-000308
Table 9
Corapnrisen .o f O p tic a l and E le c t r o n M ic ro sc o p ic F ib e r C o ncentra c io n , C ouvern uu r T a lc Company, K'umber One Mine an J M i l l
Sample Job
t
Code
GIS4 0103
Job Title
Trammer
Fiber.s/cc-
lleccron M lccc<'iiv Po;st. Asbestos; "j Total Fiber s All 'uni
20.2
4 2.1
1.2
(Ip t 1 en > 5im
3.5
, Cl56 .0103 trammer
22.6
29.8
5.9
2,7
C1A9 0103 Trammer
'13.2
27.8
2.4
4.2
C237 0103 Trammer
0 7 M 0.08 Driller
8.9
` 19.1
2.0
4 . 7
9.5
14.4
1,3
Mo col
C223 0115 Caveman
17.5
30.3
2.2
6.0
C04
020L Mill Forenn
I C42 0201 Mill Foreman
18. A
` ' ; 28.8
' 5.8
5.S
33.7
70,0
7 .0
5.3
C98
0203 General Laborer
36.6
64.9
9.3
,5.9
G146 0203 General Laborer 1
9.0
14.9
1.3
2.9
C77 0204 Crusher Operator 9.0 45.5 2.8 3.8
i
C3S
0204 Crusher Operator
15-6
27.2
4.4
2.2
C101 0206 ilardingn Operator*
102.7
189.5
6.2
8.9
i
C22
0206 Hardinge Operator
33.6'
51.5
4.2
5.5
i(
C14< 0208 Wheeler Operator
18,2
31.3
4,1
6.8
1
*
i
G02
0208 Wheeler Operator
25.5
37.4
4.0
6.0
C96 '0209 Packer
31.9
r
57.5 '
4.3.
.1.2
C47
0209 Packer
41.8
73.5
'3.5
3.2
G85
0211 Packer Serviceman
7.3
11.6
0.5
1.6
G10
0211 Packer Serviceman
26.7
34.7
4.4 J 4.2
t,
C113 0212 Packhouse Foreman
13.6
13.4
j .1.4
1.6
CO5 021 2 ?dc!<housc Eoreman
l1 16.2
j 23.4
5.7
1,1
C31 0213 Fork LiTt Operator
36.0
71.9
8.7
3.3
C197 0304 Maintenance Mechanic
16.7
j 26.6
1.7
2.3
Cl80 040j Mach InisC
24.9
j 42-.S
3.6
3.6
C197 0411 Welder
9.9
j 14.6
| 2.1
3.1
* I n c l u d e s o n l y cbor.c i v i n i d o n c i l f i a b l e clo<-Cron d l f i ; \ i c c i o n c h c r e f o c o , rep r e s e n t s .i c j n s e r v . i c i v e l y l ou c s L i n i c c : : .
27
pocterny; cRMC-HT-TALC-000309
T ab le 10
Summary cf Airborne Fiber Types Dsearainfid By Analytical Electron Microscopy-
Gguverneur Talc Company, Number One-Mine and Mill-
Operation
: Mine , Mill
Percent of Airborne Fibers (All Lengths)
Positi /e Aniph iboles*
Tremoli te** Anthophyllite**
i
.
i
Positive Chrysotlle
Non Asbestos
No t Identified***
19
33
3
1
39 .
12..
45
2
2
38
* Airborne fibers were identified ns positive amphiboles by selected area electron diffraction.
'** . Amphibolas differentiated by energy dispersive microchemical analysis.
*** Electron diffraction patterns not sufficient for identification; however, many had x-ray spectra identical to cremolite.
(i a }i
Table 11
Summary of- Airborne Fiber Diameters tor Partitive tSmphfbales Gouvorneur Talc Company, Humber Ona Mine and-t-U.!.I
Operation and Fiber Type
Median Diameter
pm
Geo, Std, Deviation
.Mina* Tremolite. (N=33) Anthophyliice .(11*164)
Mill* Treaolita (H=.16Q)' Anthophyliice (M=$87)
0,19 0.1.3
0.19 0. 13
2.3 2.4
2.4 2.9
95%. Conf. Interval for Median Diameter
pm '
% .0.5 pm '.in Diameter
`0.16-0.23
8S
0.12-0.15
93
0.17-0.22
87
0.12-0.14
90
* Results of all samples combined for distribution analysis, N = Number of individual fibers analyzed.
29
CRMC-HT-TALC-000311
Tabla i2
Summary o Airborne Fiber Lengths for Positive Amphibolas Couvsrneur Talc Company, Number One-Mine and Mill'
, Operation and
Fiber Type
Media' Leny th
pm
Gao.. Std. Deviation
Mine*
Tremolite (N=83) .
1.6
1.8
Anthophyllita (N"164) .1.5-
2.6
.Mill*
4
Tremolite (M=160)
1.5 .
1.9
Anthophylli to (F--687)
I.4
2.9
952 Cent.
Interval for Median Length
pm
1.4-1.8 1,3-1.7
1.4-1.7 ' 1.3-1.5
* 'Results of all samples combined for distribution analysis, N = Number of individual fibers analyzed.
2 < 5 pm in Length
97 90-92
. 97 90
30 W
CRMC-HT-TALC-000312
mm
vara aen in che- flill. . In che mine and mill, only 3V < th amolifea .' fibers were Isr.^s than 5 whosra*a S-iOi o# %hd aihfehaphyllits fibbts
# were icnger shah-this l&r.gth.' The trend for airborne anchoohyllite fibers to.have larger aspect ratios car. be observed by inspection'of Figures 2 and 3 and Table 13. Median . aspect' ratios of 3.5 and 7.5 were observed for ar.thophyllite "and. tremolite respectively. Only 30^ of the tremlate fibers had aspect ratios greater than 10 to 1 v/haress 48^ of the anthophyllite fibers had aspect ratios greater than this value. Typical electron photomicrographs of airborne particulates from the mine and mill are shown in Figures 4,5 and 5. In addition to large amounts of analytical data already presented, the asbestiform nature of these fibers may be further appreciated by observation of their "fibril" structures.
31 CRMC-HT 'TA LC-000313
F jGU It
Aspect R a tio s For. A irb o rn e A n t h o p h y llit e
N um ber One Mine am! ftfili. (Combined)
Fibers
I.-
(
i
CRMC-HT-TALC-000314
CUM ULATIVE' % OF V A L U E S < GI VEN RATIO
.1___ 1_____ i J .
1 2
$
10
J ____ L
__ 1 L____ L
J ____L
20 3 G 40 50 60 70 00
on 05
9?. f!Q
,,J__J______ L 05 8 oqo 9999
Aspect Ratios For A irb o rn e T re m o tite
Fibers
I
Num ber One M ine and M ill (Combined)
I
!
i
I
CRMC-HT-TALC-000316
r n e P a r t i c u l a t e s Frnm j , ts ir0rl1 Humber.-one-Mine
>; i i i e c t r u n
Photouiierograph
of
Alrborne F a rcicu latea
from
number ir
one
Mine
and
M i11
rgr-
:,;^v
X ^ - A
5m '-<u 4 '<-t\ s
1/-J
J&
V '
" :x
rtk \
<
vi-
Yr
4
'i il i
V
V fi) > Y r V ': " '
' -.. - v > ,4`;
u, >1^
'
.m .:,&'
*:' '
..
i-
,,t ; -'' ...^ "
V
7.?
; A %>
.- jt..
U '- '
./
, . -n
* '<?.
/ y
: \ :
i
. , t . -.. -.j < '
t
' i` , 7
f . 1* 4-*'
? * tv > ' ** *
>
\
/.4 , Z'.
-.,,y
\ > 7. V lw
i'7-
N
V '\ /
,? .
c* *v
*
e s , ; y . v * & -
- W . ?. * 7" " , ' ;y
*
''1 P '.V
; / *7 `
..1 j] , Y
.
. . ./ X ' " v . .,:-V-.s 7
'N . .
. r' .'W
.'* j.-JT-:.
1
W xr,'.
1 ,^-s. . -,.vA. M . V*-'y
- \ -' Viit/-., . '(
* - r .... . . . X/
; i7` ^ \ ..V * 'iV, '
* ^
^
v '
. V
* l $
iv' *
,4'W
4-6
i .m
i
A
` -vV^.. VAi.'1i* * 'C'*'
,-Y
'`^ u*
t :
i
CRMC-HT-TALC-000318
T a b l e 13' '
/
Aspee:: Ratios for Positive Amphiboles Determined by Elaettran Microscopy - Gouverneur Talc Company, Number One Mine and Mill
Aspect Ratio . Measurement
'Median Aspect Ratio
Aspect Ratio 1 5/1' 1 10/1 1 20/1 < 50/1 . -
Tramolite*
Mine
Mill
7.5
'7.5
23% 70% 96% >99%
24% 70% 96% >99%
* Daca shown are for all fiber lengths
Anthophvllita* Mine ! Mill
9.5
9.5
17% 52% 85% 99%
15% 52% 88% ' >99%
37
COMPARISON OF SAMPLING AMD ANALYTICAL METHOpS '
`
In order to compare,results of the present study with historic dust
measurements, several comparisons were made. Results of. the stationary
samples for .eorralaticn of sampling and analysis methods are shown in
Table 14. Based on these limited data, the following average relationships
were calculated: .
Ratio'
Average'
Range
.rasp, dust,t mg/md/mppef i
.
0.22
0.12-0.2
fibers > 5 ym/c^/resp. dust mg/n-3
6.7
3.1-11,S
fibers >. 5 ym/cc/mppcf
,
1.2 `
0.9-1.4
These data also show that an average of 23 percent of the airborne dust in the mill is respirable.
A further comparison of fiber concentrations determined by optical micro
scopy and respirable dust concentrations is afforded by the paired personnel
dust measurements made in the mill. A linear regression analysis of these
time-weighted-average values is shown in Figure 7. The regression-line was
forced through.the null points after this null.hypothesis was tested
and
could not be rejected. A coed correlation (r=0.73) was found between these
two sampling methods. The results of this analysis demonstrated the follow!.-
relationship:
fibers > 5 ym/cc/resp. dust, mg/rrr = ,3
33
CRMC-HT-TALC-000320
FIGURE 7
Comparison of Time Weighted Average Fiber and Respirable Dust Exposures/ Hill Samples
"Summary of Scationary Samples for Correlacin of Sampling Machads
Gouverneur Talc Company, Number One Mill
Sample Station
Total Dust ' ctg/m^
1
2.44
(N" l)
2
1.47
(M-l)
3
8.81
<N-i)
Tirae-Weigbted-Average Concentrations
Resp. Dust mg/m^
Impinger nippcf
Asbestos Fibers.> 5um/cc
0.88
(N-l)
.3.5
(N=>12)
, (N=3 }
Q. 36
(N=l)
3.0
(N-5)
4.3 (H=3)
2.14. (>[-!)
.7,2 (N6)
,.6.7
(N-2) .
N => `Number of individual samples collected.
The 95% cottiidenca''interval, for tbi'ratio was calculated to'be 4.1 to gV5,/:^ojv-? These results ars consistent with those shown in Table 14 for the stationary mill samples.
* A comparison was also made between time-weighted-average fiber exposures (fibers > 5 ym/cc) and impingar dust exposures topped) for individuals in the mine and mill. These results are shown in Table 15. As can be seen, no consistent conversion between these-sampling methods was obtained although some differences in conversion values in the mine and mill are evident. A median conversion ratio (fibers > 5 ym/cc^/mppcf) Of 0.5 was obtained for mine.samples whereas a median ratio of 1.7 was obtained for the mill. "These differences are statistically significant (p<0.001). Several possible explanations exist for this difference;.however, the
*
most plausible is that fine grinding, which takes place in the mill, liberates greater numbers of ''free" fibers from the host rock. In addition, finer dust particles in the mill are less efficiently collectedand counted by the impinger method.
A :graphical comparison between total fiber concentrations by electron micro
scopy and fibers > 5 tm by optical microscopy is shown.in Figure 3, These
data were found to b* highly scattered with no consistent correlation. These
data are summarized in Table 16 and.show a significantly different ratio
of total fibers by-electron microscopy to fibers > 3 urn by optical microscopy between mine and mill samples although no single predictive values -can be
estimated.
*
41 CRMC-H-T-TALC-000323
Tabla 15
Compatisco'oc Impingar and Optical Fiber Count Realties Gouvetneur Talc Company,' Number One-Mina and Mill
Summary Scaciscic
i
Median Racio
Ratio (fibers > 5 um/ccy4nppcf)
Mine
Mill
0.5'
1.7
Range of.Ratios t
Number of Comparisons
0.2-1.2
6
0 .6-3.4 15
95% Conf. Interval for Median Ratio* -- .................- ................-----------------------
0.3-0.8
* Based on log - normal distribucin model.
1.3-2.2
I
1 , 6 -
SMOOO-OTVX-1H-DWHO f i b e r s > : u ir ,/ c c b y Op:. S c .'.' M ic r o s c o p y
4u
3 "
2 -
1
0
10
20
-L
3 a
J-
40
FIGURE fi
"
.
Comparison o f Fiber Concentrations by O p tic a l and E lectron.M icroscopy
JL
_j____________1________ .__ 1_ ------- -- 1
50
60
70
n
90
Table 16
Comparison oc Optical and Electron Microscopic'Fiber Concentrations Goiivernaur Talc Company, Number One Mine and Mill
S marnary Statisele
Mediati Racio
Range oc R a tios '
Numbe r or Cvdporisons
9 5 % Conf, Interzai* for Median'Ratio
Ratio (EM total f i b e r / c c / o p t . f iber s 5 pra/cc 1
Mine .7.1
------- 1
Mill 11.0
4.1-12.0
'4.7-47.9-,
5
17
6.7-7.5
10.7-11.3
* Based on 'log - normal distribution model.
COMPARISON OP ?RESENT AND PAST EXPOSURES The. present studios-. demonstraa leva'ted- jcposure g asfe.stifffim ainssilg in nearly all nine and ill process operations, Comparisons between present dust Cropocf) and fiber (fibers > 5 m b /c c ) 'exposures and historic exposure measurements are shewn in Tables 17 and 18, respectively. These data were gathered from a number of sources.
Trends in dust concentrations as a function of calendar time are difficult to intrepret for several reasons. First and most important is the relative pausity of data on some operations prior to approximately 1970, Secondly, very few. samples ware taken in any given year and the representativeness of these samples is unknown.
For visual inspection of trends ^in dust concentrations, average values for
mine and mill operations by year were calculated and are shown in Figures
9 and 10, respectively. Inspection'of Figure 9.shows no consistent'trends
in dust concentrations when all mine operations are considered.- On the other
hand, the mine exposures cor such operations as drilling, dragline- loading,
tramming.and mucking show relatively consistent exposure levels over the
years with only slight deviations. This might-be expected as wet drilling
has been a routine practice. .In addition, ores being mined are relatively
wet. Primary crushing and hoist loading operations show.somewhat of a da~
:
'
v f
creasing trend. Such controls as water sprays for dust suppression at the
,,
primary crusher are the most probable explaination for this trend.
T a b l e 17
Summary of Historic Impinger Dust Measurements at the Gouverneur Tale Company Number-One Mine anti Mill
Mean Dust Concentration {mppcf)
Jol> o r O p e r a ti o n
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
NI0SII
1954 1958 1963 1964 1969 1970 1972 1973 1975
975
-- -
Mille
Or i 1 1 i uij
5
5
13
i
4 5
3
12
Iliadi Ine boati ing
7
10
8
3
5
12
T i a n i m i u g j Hacking
29
11
10
3
5
10-15
I Pi liuury Crusici ng 2
26
23
18
13
48
11
5
18
lloisL Louding
70
140
14
ia
10
15
2
firn Secundiiry
Cruatiing
12
23
8
10
12
13
3
8
3
3
U i i e e J e r G r iu d ! h e 15
13
li.mtrg.i j n ^ e G r i m i - 1 8 1 4
5
3
11
19
h
7
8
4
10
3
io
3
'BaH e n y
25
15
5
9 '
4
a.
! - l'ii 1 e l 1 i i l i i g
40
25 10 - . 6 .
! ! liu !t: L u d t i i n g
l.u.iiJJhg H a n s i
&
j u :11u r
| Mi 1 hiright
10
109
39
31
62
-j !I.i.i n teii/j n c e
- - -
!
8 . .. 9 . . : 4
a . 15' .
2
4
4
12
2
.tALC-000328
(1) Values foil' 3934 - 1970. taken from reference 16. (2) Calculated from MESA reports references 33-42
Table.18
Summary of Historic Fiber Exposure Measurements at the Gouverneur Talc Company, Humber One Mine and Hill
.job or Operation
(1) 1970
(2) 1972
Mean Fiber Concentration (fiber > 5 ptu/cc)
' <2) 1973
(2) 1974
(2) 1975
HI0SH 1975
Mine
hrilling -
' 8
Dragline Loading
16
Tramming L Mucking - 22
l't'iaiary Crushing
260
iuisi: Loading'
29
i
1 j Lnij_
*
*
Secondary' Crush 13
ing
| UUeelei- Grinding
30
! Jl.tidingo Gri ntl- 33 is.g'
, h.iguing
30
to iiec.iri ng .
21
Luik Leading
' 8
1.o.it\i h u
k 6 - 6 22 5
5
1
1
1
1
2 '
1
3
5
9
20
10
13
3
14 '
. 6
9
14
13
17
13
10
' 11
- 15
6
8
is
3 6 6 . 10 10
5 8 a 5 /; 2 3
CBMC-HT-TALC-000329
''bhe.r
! ".xVl U-rigl.L
9
2
s i
i i Hal D t e l i U f i Ce
14
2-4
j
(1) Tab c i v fru;u reference 16 Ca lculated from MESA. reports, references 33-43
(2) 1976
24 8
25 12
18 14 14 14
38
A greater trend for decreasing dost concentrations in mill operations is
demonstrated in Figure 10 for all mill operations combined. Figure 10 also
shows a greater decreasing trend in exposure whan the uncontrolled operation
i
of loading bagged talc into box cars is excluded from the calculated yearly
averages. Engineering controls for talc milling operations have improved
with time. .
As shown in Table 13, fiber exposure measurements have only been made since 1970. Results of the IIICSH 1975 survey tend to show a reduction in fiber exposure 'when contrasted with earlier data for most operations.
\
Padon daughter measurements have been made in idle number one mine by the Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration (MESA). Measurements taken in 1973 and 1976 showed only nil to trace levels. (44/-IS)
CRMC-IiT-TALC-000332
50
DISCUSSION Results of the present industrial hygiene study arid past surveys demon strate significant exposures' to airborne fibers in both mine and mill operations at this facility. Electron microscopic analyses of both bulk talcs and airborne dust samples have shown that these airborne fibers are largely asbestiform tremolite and anthophyllite with airborne fibers sizes (length and diameter) consistent with those round for industrial processes using asbestos,(17) 3y any reasonable mineralogical or physiological de finition of "fiber"', one must consider tramolite and anthcchyliita fibers in these talcs to be asbestiform.
More than four decades have elapsed since the first epidemiological data ware published demonstrating adverse health effects of tremolite talc ex posure. In 1933,. Creessen^) published the results of a chest x-ray study of 57 workers engaged in the mining and milling of talcs containing up to 45% tremolite and little free silica. This study showed that all workers with greater than 10 years exposure had increased lung markings ranging from increased fibrosis to what was termed "second stage" pneumoconiosis. Among these 17 workers, no cases of active'tuberculosis were observed. Dreesser. stated that the observed pneumoconiosis had not lad to disability.
The respiratory effects of exposures to talc containing ,10% "biaded" tremoiite in two Georgia talc mines and mills were reported by Dreessan and Dalla Valle in 1935.(19} A total of 6o workers were given physical examinations and chest x-rays of which 19 were exposed for mere than 10 years with, only 2 having 20 or more years of exposure. Twenty two ct tr.ese workers de monstrated pneumoconiosis with varying severity. Approximately half of the mill workers exposed to an average dust concentration of 200 m.ppcf
C K M C - H T -TALC-000333
were diagnosed as having pnsumoeo'niosis with 8 having frank symptoms such as dyspnea, couch, chest pain, rales, and ringer clubbing. Examination of 9 former talc workers who had been separated from exposure more than 3 years demonstrated pneumoconiosis in all cases with 4 cases in advanced stages causing these authors to conclude that the lung changes were per manent.
Additional case studies of Nqw York.tremolite talc workers were reported by
Porro
fifteen pneumoconiosis deaths in talc workers were studied
addition to 5 autopsy studies. Thirteen of these deaths were considered to
be directly attributable to the pneumoconiosis.confirming the disabling
character of this exposure. These authors concluded that the disabling
tissue changes were due to fcremolita talc exposure. Some calcifications
were noted.
Siegal et. al. (21i>22) reported a study of roentgenological findings .among Mew Y. talc workers `in addition to an assessment of their exposures. These talcs were described as containing fibrous tremolite and ar.thoohyllits and less than 1% free Si*^. A total of 221 talc workers in three mines and five mills were given chest x-ray examinations. Of the 221 men examined, 32 showed marked fibrosis. Those workers with 10 or more years employment de monstrated an incidence of fibrosis of 29.9% whereas those employed for more than 30 years had a fibrosis incidence of -74%. This fibrosis was described as disabling and often accompanied by dyspnea, cough and fatigue. "Talc plaques" were identified in 6.3% of the workers examined. These authors described she fibrosis observed'as resembling that seen among asbestos workers.
52
CRMC-HT-TALC 000334
The 32 cases of pneumoconiosis identified by Ciegal et.ai.
ware
followed prospectively by kleinreld et.ai,
In the 14 year period after
the Siegal study., .19 of the 32 workers died with the ages at death rang
ing from 43 to 34 years. Four of these 19 deaths were believed to be
directly attributable to talc pneumoconiosis. One death due .to pleural
mesothelioma was reported. Medical examinations of the 13 livingworkers
were performed including a physical examination, chest :<-ray, SXG and
peripheral blood studies' (Hgb, EBC, WEC, Diff Count). Dyspnea was found
in all workers of such severity as to limit ordinary physical activity.
Moderate to severe progression of lung x-ray findings were seen in 10 of
these workers and "talc plaques" were seen in all but one worker. Six
out or .11 demonstrated an abnormal electrocardiogram. Peripheral blood
findings were not considered of significance, These authors also reported
the presence of "asbestos bodies" histologically. Similar findings were
reported in a latter study of six pneumoconiosis with autopsy studies,^5)
A comparative clinical and environmental study- of workers exposed to fibrous and nan-fibrous talcs in 'lew York State was reported by Messite et.ai. Three talc operations in St. Lawrence County (fibrous) and cr.e operation in Lewis County- (r.or.-ribrous) were selected for study and a total of 299 workers were given physical examinations and chest x-rays. Among miners, the incidence of. pulmonary fibrosis.was lew for both the St. Lawrence and Lewis County cohorts; however, the mean duration of exposure was only 12,7 and 10,3 years, respectively.. Among millers, the incidence af fibrosis was 12,23 and 4.33 respectively for the St, Lawrence and Lewi s cohorts, Exposure levels in the plants were described as being similar with all talcs
53
CRMC-HT-TLC-000335
having a low ;;ee silica content. These authors concluded that both types Of talc were cap.dele of producing pulmonary fibrous although the tremolite (fibrous) variety was mere pathogenic, in addition, these investigators stated that no cases of fibrosis was found in millers of either talc variety whose average exposure was lass than 20 mppcf or whose duration of exposure was less than 10 years.
In a follow-up study, Kleinfeld et.al,'-21^ made additional comparisons, i n d
iting function, between the St. Lawrence and Lewis County Mew fork cohorts
described above, Thirty workers exposed to fibrous and 13 exposed to nonfibrous' talcs were given chest.x-rays and pulmonary function tests. Dyspnea
was present in 16 of 30 workers in the fibrous talc exposed group and 6 of
13 in the non-fibrous talc exposed group. Abnormal auscultatory findings
(rales, rhonchi, wheezing) were found in 8 of the 30 workers ar.d 6 of 13
workers exposed to fibrous and non-fibrous talc, respectively. The incidence
of pulmonary infiltration as seen in chest films was 13 of 30 for the fibrous
group and 3 of 13 for the non-fibrous group. Both groups shewed pulmonary
function changes with 4 of 13 workers in the group exposed to non-fibrous tali
and 14 of 30 workers in the group exposed to fibrous talc showing sicnificanti raduced vital capacity. Exposures to both croups were considerably in excess
of 20 mppcf.
...
Several additional studies of lung function have been ccr,d' **& am.cng talc
workers in Maw fork State.- -27,295 xlainfeld et.ai. (26) stuci ed the lung.
)
i
fraction of <31
talc workers who ranged frem 32 to 69 years
f5
of age (mean age 34,8 years). All had beer, exposed to talc dust in milling
j operations for 10 or more years ar.d had no previous occupational dust
exposures. The clinical examinations showed 14 of the IS workers studied to have dyspnea on exertion, 10 had rales or wheeling and clubbing of the fingers was found in 6 workers. Increased lung pulmonary infiltration was noted in the chest x-rays of all workers studied and cardiac enlargement was noted in 5 of these 16 workers. The- lung function studies showed 7 of 16 to have reduced vital capacities arid one worker was found to have a lung function consistent with restrictive lung disease. The.mean duration of ex posure for these 16 workers was 20.4 years and the mean weighted average exposure was 63.9 mpccf. Thirteen of the 16 workers studied gave a positive smoking history (30 cigarettes per day for a minimum'of 5 years).
In a subsequent study Kleinfeld^7) performed similar studies as those descr above among a group of 43 tremolite talc workers and 41 controls of similar age and smoking history. In the talc cohort, 29 had dyspnea versus only 2 in the control population. Eleven talc workers gave a history of chronic cough and none in, the controls and 8 talc 'workers shewed finger clubbing whereas no clubbing was noted among controls. Sixteen of 43 talc workers had positive x-ray findings of pulmonary infiltration and none in controls and, in addition, reduced vital capacity was found in 13 talc workers and one control. These talc workers' had a mean exposure duration of 19 years and a 'weighted average exposure of 62.3 mppef.
A study of c .esc x-ray findings; and clinical symptoms among miners and miller at the Ckmve. neur Talc Company, number one mine ar.d mill has been reported by Kleinfeld e t . a l . T h i r t y nine workers with a mean exposure of 15.2 years (range 11-22 years) ware studied ir. 'addition to 41 controls who lived
CRMC-HT-TALC-000337 l
In the same geographic area and who were cf the same sex and mean ages but
having no occupational dust exposure. Dyspnea was present in 23.1% of the
talc workers versus 7.3% for controls)a finding similar to that seen in
arithopnyllite asbestos workers,
One worker studied was said to have
radiologic findings compatible with pneumoconiosis whereas no cases ware
found among controls.. These authors suggested that talc containing tremolite
and anthophyllite may be less fibrogenic than chrysotile or smosita asbestos
at similar exposure levels and exposure duration; however, these authors did
not preclude the possible existence of pneumoconiosis among these workers as
no lung function studies were conducted.
Although the above studies have demonstrated the presence of pneumoconiosis among tranolite talc miners in New York, these study designs were insensitive for detection of carcinogenic risks. However, two retrospective proportional mortality studies have demonstrated an- increased risk of cancer of the lung and pleura among these w o rk e rs. 3) The initial study by Klainfeld et.al.(3) included 220 talc miners and millers employed in 1940 who had 15 or mere years of exposure to talc dust in addition to those who achieved a minimum of 13 years of exposure between 1940 and 1265. Among this cohort there were 91 deaths of. which 10 (11%) were due to maiignacies of the lung or.pleura whereas only 2.9 (3.2%) were expected. In addition, 23 deaths were due to pneumoconiosis or its complications. One of the respiratory cancers was a itarosarccma of
In a subsequent follow-up study, Klainfeld st.al.^"* extended the observation o the oraviaus cohort from 1360 to 1569. This cohort consisted of 260 workers.
CRMC-HT-TALC-0003 38
among which there were 108 deaths. Thirteen of these death3 (12%) wore due to respiratory cancer whereas only 4 (3.7%) were expected. Twenty nine deaths were due to pneumoconiosis or its complications. These authors analysed mortality patterns by 5 year intervals between 1940 and 1969 and concluded that the respiratory cancer risk approached expected values after the period 1960-64, The validity of this conclusion must be questioned as an analysis of mortality in relation to cancer latency was not undertaker.. In addition, the limitations of proportional mortality studies in the presence of an elevated pneumoconiosis risk are now wall known,
An excess cancer risk has been demonstrated among workers exposed to
anthophyllite asbestos.
Kiviluoto and Meurman^0^ studied 1,092
anthophyllite asbestos workers who had worked for more than 3 months
between 1936 and 1567 rand compared cause specific mortality with rates
for Finland. In addition, chest x-rays where read for 252 living workers.
Twenty one lung cancers were observed whereas only 12 were expected which
was statistically significant. Thirteen of these lung cancer victims had
been exposed less than 10 years and only one of these cases was known to
have asbestosis. No pleural or peritoneal mesotheliomas were observed..
Nurminen^^ has also reported on the mortality experience of anthoohyllita asbestos workers in Finland. .This study included 1320 workers who had been employed for three months or more from 1936 to. 1965 and followed until 1963. Expected cause specific deaths were calculated* using Finland national rates for 1951-1964, There were 224 deaths in this cohort whereas 204 were ex pected with a mean age at death of 53.4 years. Twenty five deaths (12\)
57
CRMC-HT-TALC-000339
had asbestosis as an underlying cause and, in addition, there was a highly significant excess risk of respiratory cancer {13 obs. versus 6 exp. , p<0.03,}. No mesotheliomas were detected. The mean latency between first exposure and death due to asfcestosis was 19 years.
One of the most comprehensive studies of mortality and morbidity .among 'anthophyllita asbestos workers was reported by Meurman et.al.^2) A cohort of 1092 workers who had worked at least 3 months between January 1936 and June 1967 was obtained from two mining operations; one of which produced anthophyllita asbestos and the other prcduced mainly trsmolite talc. For calculation of expected age, cause specific deaths, proportional rates for Finland were used for 1958 which was the median year of death for these workers. In addition, a control group matched for date of birth and sex was chosen from a local population registry.
Of the 1092 employees, 248 deaths were observed. Thirteen deaths due to asbestosis were observed for the cohort and none in the controls. Twenty one lung cancers were observed in the worker cohort versus 13 in the control group. The most significant cancer risk was observed in those with ten or more years of exposure. These authors adjusted lung cancer rates for smoking.habits and concluded that a r.cn-smoking asbestos worker had a re lative risk of 1.4 whereas the smoking asbestos worker had a relative risk of 17,0. No cases of mesothelioma were reported.
All of the above epidemiological studies of workers exposed to fibrous tremolitc or anthophyllita have demonstrated an excess risk of both pneumoconiosis and lung and pleural cancer. No evidence or an excessive risk of mesothelioma
CRMC-HT-talc -000340
58
amener auch expesed workers has yet been demonstrated; however, an excessive incidence or pleural changes Including pleural calcifications have been ob served in chest film.
59
CRMC-HT-TALC-000341
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Results of the present industrial hygiene study show numerous operations in both the number one mine ar.d mill to have excessive exposures to air borne fibers. Analyses of both bulk talcs samp"les and airborne dust sam"o*les by analytical electron microscopy have shown that a majority of .these fibers are asbestiform tremolite and ar.thcphyllite. Based on these studies and on exhaustive review of the epidemiological literature concerning health effects of such exposures/ it is concluded that immediate corrective actions to re duce exposures must be taken as recommended in the Progress Report issued on May 25, 1976. Specific actions include the following:
1. Mine ventilation should be-evaluated with considerations for increasing air volume and distribution. Water sprays should be installed at the ore pockets.
2. During the present study, numerous leaks were observed at material transfer points within the mill. More emphasis should be placed on maintaining equipment in proper working order.
3. At the packing stations, ventilation improvements are needed. Local exhaust hoods at these machines are located too far from the filling spout to be effective. Hood designs at these machines should be further evaluated. In addition, bursting bags at these
.... stations are a significant source of exposure? therefore, use of bags with a .greater bursting strength should be considered.
4. Until ventilation and work practice improvements are made arc asbestos fiber exposures reduced to acceptable levels, employees should be provided with respiratory protection as spec...died in the OSHA asbestos standard.
5.. All provisions far medical examinations specified in the OSHA asbestos standard^ should be followed.
The asbastiform mineral content of products from the number one mine and mill make it imperative that these talcs be labeled with the OSKA warning label.^
61
CRMC-HT-TALC-000343
REFERENCES
Ross, M. Geology, Asbestos, and Health. 9: 123-124, 1974
Environment Health Perscect.
Klainfeld,, M. , Messite, J. #and Zaki, H. Among Talc Workers: A Follow-up study. 16, Mo. 5: 345-349, 1974.
Mortality Experiences Journal of Cccupaticnal Med.
Kleinfeld, M., Mesaite, J. and Kooytnan, 0, Mortality Among Talc Miners and Millers in Mew York State. Industrial Hygiene Review, Mew York Department of Labor. 9: 3-12, 1967.
Peter J, Bernnan versus Borg Warner Corporation, Plumbing Products Division. GSAJiRC Docket Mo. 10757, Richland 'County Administration .Building, Mansfield, Ohio. Complaints Exhibit Mo. 19, April 2, 1975.
Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Chrystallir.e Silica. U.S. DUEW, CDC, Mational Institute for Cccupati.onal Safety and Health, 1974,
Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Asbestos. U,3w DFIEW, CDC, National Institute cor Cccupaticnal Safety and Health, 1972.
Gillam, J.D., Dement, J.M.,.Leman, R.A., Wagoner, J.K. and Archer, V.E. Mortality Patterns Among Hard Rock Miners Exposed to an Ashesoiforn Mineral. Aim. M .If. Acad. Sc. 271: 336-344, 1976.
U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health .ministration. Occupational Safety and Health Standards. Federal Register 39: Number 125, June 27, 1974 as recoded, May 2S, 1975.
Ortiz, L .W . and Isom, 3.L. of Membrane Filter Samples
Transfer Technique for Electron Microscopy Rimer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. : 423-425, 1974.
Rohl, A.N., Danger, A.M., Selikoff, I.J., Tordini, A., Klimentidis, R., Bowes, D.R. and Skinner, D.L. Consumer Talcums ar.d Powders: Mineral and Chemical-Characterization. Jour. Tox and Er.v. Kith. 2: 225-294, 1976,
Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G.; Statistical Methods. The Iowa State University Press, ath Ed., 1967.
U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety ar.d Health A.cm.i; isoration, Notice of Proposed P.uiemakir.c, Occupational Exposure to Ashes os. Federal Register, October, 1975. Docket No. 11-033.
62
CRMC-HT-TALC-000344
REFERENCES
13 Pask, J.A. and Warner, M.F. ; Fundamental Studies of Talc I. Con stitution of Talcs. Journ. of the Amur, Ceramic Society 37 Wo. 3s 118-123, March 1954.
14. Ross, M. , Smith, W.L, and Ashton, W.H,; Triclinic Talc and Associated Amphiboles from the Gouverneur Mining District, Mew York Acer. Mineralogist- 53: 751-769, May~Juns, 1968.
1 5 . Stemple, I.S. and Brindley, G.W. : A Structural Study of Talc and Talc-Treniolita Relations. Journ. of the Amer. Ceramic Society 43 Mo. 1; 34-42, January, 1960.
IS. Xleinfeld, M, Messite, J. and Danger, A.M.: A Study of Workers Exposed to Asbestiform Minerals in Ccmmerical Talc Manufacture, Env. Research 6 : 132-143, 1973.
17. Lynch, J.R., Ayer, H.S. and Johnson, D.L.: The Interrelationships of Selected Asbestos Exposure Indices. Amer. Ind. Hyg. A-sscc. Journal 31: Sept,-Cot., 1970.
18. Dreessen, W,C.-* Effects of Certain Silicate Dusts or. the Lungs. Jour. Ind. Kyg. 13 Me. 2: 66-78, March, 1933.
19, Dreessen, W.C. ar.d Dalla Valle, J.M. : The Effects of Exposure to Dust in Two Georgia Talc Mills and Mines. Public Health Reports 50 Mo. 5: 131-141, 1935.
20. Porro, F.W., Patton, J.R. and Hobbs, A.A.: Pneumoconiosis in the Talc Industry. Amer. Journ. of Roentgenology and Radium Therapy 47 Mo. 4: 507-524, 1942.
21. Siegal, W., Smith, A,R, and Greenburg, L.: The Dust Hatard in Trenolite
Mining, Including Roentgenological Findings in Talc Workers. Amer. Journ. of Roentgenology .ar.d Radium Therapy XDIM: 11--29, 1943.
52 Siegal, W.f Smith, A.?., and Greenhurg, L. : Study of Talc Miners and Millers. Industrial Bull. 22: 3-12, 1943.
2 3 . Mleini eld, M. , Messiia, J.'* and Tafcershaw, I.: Talc Pneumoconiosis. A.M.A. Archives of Ind. HLTK 12: 66-72, 1955.
24., Messite, J., Rsddin, G. ar.d Kieinfeld, M. : Pulmonary TaJ.ccs s, A Clinical and Environmental Study A.M.A. Archives of Ind. Health 20: 4; 3-413, 1S59. '
25. Xleinfeld, M., Giel, C.P., Majeraor.cwski, J..F. and Messite, "J. : Talc Pneumoconiosis: A report of Six Patients with Post Mortem Findings. Ind, Kyg.' Review 6 : 5-29, 1964,
CRMC-HT-TALC-000345
REFERENCES
26, Kleingeld, M. , Massifs, J. , Kooyman, 0. and Shapiro, J. ; Pulsionary Ventilatory Function in Talcosis of Lung- Ir.d. Hyg. Review 7: 14-23, 1965.
27. Kleinfeld, M. , Messite, J. , .Shapiro, J. and Swencicki, ?.. : Effect of Talc Dust Inhalation on Lung Function. Ind. Hyg, Review 7: 25-36, 1965.
29. 'Kleirrfeld, M.J., Messite, J. Shapiro, J., Kcoyman, 0- and Swencicki, R . : Lung Function in Talc Workers: A Comparative Physiologic Study cf Workers Exposed to Fibrous and Granular Talc Dusts. Ind. Hyg. Review 7 No. 1: 3"13, 1965.
29. Klexnfeld, M. , Messite, J. , Shapiro, J. , Swencicki, and Sarfaly, J. : Lung Function Changes in Talc Pneumoconiosis. Journ. of Occup. Med. 7 Mo. 1; 12-17, 1965.
.30, Kiviluoto, ?. and Meurman, L. .* Results of Asbestos Exposure in Finland. In: International Ccmferer.ce on Pneumoconiosis, Johannesburg: 107-108, 1969.
;i, Murmincn, M.: A Study of the Mortality of Workers in an Anthonhyllita Asbestos actory in Finland. Work Env. Health 9: 112-118, 1962.
32, Meurnan, L.C., Kiviluoto, R,. and Hakama, M. : Mortality and Morbidity Among the Working Population of Anthcphyllite Asbestos Mines in Finland. Brit. Journ. of Ind- Med. 31: 105-112, 1974.
.33. Mew York Department of Labor and Industry, Division of Ir.d. Hyg. : Report of Field Investigation, Gouverneur Talc Co., Palmat Mine, July 23, 1972.
34. Mew York Department of Labor and Industry, Division cf Ind. Hyg. -,
Report of Field Investigation, Gouverneur Talc Co., 3alnat Mi-11, August
10,' 1972.
*
'
35. Mew York Department of Labor and Industry., Division of Ir.d Hyg.: Report of Field Investigation, Gouverneur Talc Co., 3alr.at Mine Sec. Crusher, -July 11, 1972.
36. Mew York Department of Labor and Industry, Division of Ir.d Hyg. : Report of Field Investigation, Gouverneur Talc Co., Baim.at Mi e,
June 20, 1973.
37, Mew York Department of Labor and Industry, Division o: Ind. Kyc. : Report of Field Investigation, Gouverneur Talc Co., Balm.at
November 20, 1973.
64 CRAC-HT-TALC-000346
REFERENCES
38. U.S. Department' on Interior, Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration Dust Survey of the American Talc Mill, Gouverneur Talc Co., Balmat, M.Y., Sept. 19-20, 1973.
39. New York Department 'of Labor and Industry, Division of Ind. Hyg,: Report of Field Investigation, Gouverneur Talc Co., 3almat Mill, July 18, 1974.
40. U.S. Department of Interior, Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration Memorandum to Lewis Roberts, Evaluation of Airborne Dust Samples, Gouverneur Talc Co., St. Lawrence County, M.Y. , Cct. 22, 1974,
41. New York Department of Labor and Industry, Division of Ind. Hyc.: Report of Field Investigation, Gouverneur Talc Co., Bainat Mine, July 18, 1974.
42. U.S. Department of Interior, Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration: Memorandum dated September 23, 1975, Gouverneur Talc Co. Inc, Samples, Denver Technical Support Center File ELS 3-1-oh.
43. U.S. Department on Interior, Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration Memorandum dated February 10, 1977, Fiber Counts for Gouverneur Talc, Ho. 1 Mine/Uo. 1 Mill, 3almat, Hew York, Denver Technical Support Center File ELS 3-1-5, ELS5.
44. U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Mines Health ano Safety Activity: Health and Safety Report, Health and Safety Spot Inspection (Radiation), American Mine, Gouverneur Talc Co., Ir.c., 3almat, St. Lawrence County, H.Y., February 28, 1973.
45. U.S. Department of Interior, Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration Health and Radiation Inspection Report, Gouverneur Talc Co., Mine Mo. 1 and Mill, Saimat, M.Y., March 24, 1975.
6-3
CRMC-HT-TALC-000347
\
appendix I M ineral Produce Safety Data Sheets
F o r R . T . Vanderbilt Products (Supplied by R . T . Vanderbilt)
\ i <8 j.
Ji', --------gpfplp
CRMC-HT-TALC-000348
.',{ * \ f f V v
J >*^t \ ^/mtjw*"ivy foa-t*<-'7$ |~i * *' ,.^ -ta^rttftm Ai &A&vb&*9*+ .*>$ Ws_ i.j q u . \,W u * f e u ; >JIi:v i X G j i A V u i . i
MINERAL PRODUCI SAFETY DATA SHEE
NOTS: Exposure la ail aircam e m ineral d u sts is suoiec! to 0$H A regulations in acco rd an ce wiin Section 1910.93 01 t,l8 O ccupational H ealtn and Safety Adm inistration Sianc.v-j as pucusneo in ;no F acerai flsc ista r if O c icc er IQ. 1372. starting on s a g s 22139.
TRACE NAME ANO SYNONYMS MINERAL FAMILY CHEMICAL CC.MROSiTtCN
SEC TIO N 1
IT F IB E R M o . 1 , IT F ib e r o N
In d u stria l Fib rou s T a lc
Hydrous si! cafes
C o m p le x hydro us c a lc iu m m agnesium s ilic a t e s
.
MATERIAL
S E C T IO N II IN G R E D IE N T S
.A 'b e sL ifc rm .td .c . ac.d zc.r.csb 2 sf?icrm a n th o rh '-'ll'f"
Talc - non-ashesfiform
N cn -csb e sfiro rm trem o life cn d /o r a n th o o h v llife
Quartz
Serp en tine
. ............
% RANCE 20 - 40
5-15
40-60
] -5
10-20
COLOR AP^cArA.NCS other pro perns
________ ' . _ _
S E C T IO N III P H Y S IC A L D A T A
'W hite F ib ro u s
SPECIFIC GRAVITY |HiO->I)
_
2 .7
MATERIAL
S E C T IO N IV H E A L T H H A Z A R D D A TA
* TLV
AsbestiForm M fc end csb esfiro rm c n th o o b v llffe
T o 1c ~ n o n * c ib e rM fre rm
N o n -e sb estt form tram ol ife en d e n fh e o h y l! Ife
S ero en f ine
HMQWl*uftl11a"Ir1't**z1!1"1 llll.ll'.H" 1, II |
,Ml..../MM.Ip130 mg . / c u . m . " a % Q u c r t z t '2
SECTION V SPECIAL PRECAUTION'S PASCAL'TONS ro 5 S TAKEN in manCliNG and STORING Avoid hrecfhina dust. Use resnirator !r TLV's exceeded.
j s fib e r s / c a ^ O L 'm . in le n c th 20 M c c c f 20 M cacr
! SO M o c c f j
CRMC-HT-TALC-000349
/ i sU \' / a j A(e
i <. -.4 i , 1j
5 .1 ; i wa ^J !*y 1 4 1 1i s
I rMi1 U m . 'L U
j SAFETY DATA SHEETi
MOTS, c to o ^ u io to ail a u eo rn s m ineral guk;; is suonici lo 0 3 H A regulations m acco rd an ce wnn Section 101O 93 0 ! the O ccupational Mcaim and Safely Adm im sirat.an S tandard as puoi>snd in ho Federal R egister ot D etonar 1 9 . 1972. starling on c ag e 22130.
SEC TIO N I
7PACS HAMS AHO5VMCMVMS MOULDENE, IT F IB E R N o , 2
MINIAI. rA,UiiCV
Hydrous s iiicates
CHEMICAL CCM-'OSITtGN
C o m p le x hydrous c a lc iu m m agnesium s ilic a t e s
In d u stria l Fibrous T e le
Oi t
o
--
S E C T IO N II IN G R E D IE N T S
... A ib e sfifo rrn Ic lc c o d / c t csb e'itLrocm .on Fhcoh '-'liiF T a lc - n o n -cu b e s fi form N on -c.-b est!fo rm tre m o lile a n d /o r c n th o a h v llite Q uartz Serp en tine
.................... ........................................
COLOR OTH=a PACP^=T!" 3
S E C T IO N Hi P H Y S IC A L D A T A
W h ite Fib rou s
SPECIFIC GRAVITY !H.On
t, RAMOS AO - AO
5 - 15
30 - 60 1- 5
2 .7
MATERIAL
SEC TIO N IV H EA LTH HAZARD DATA
A sb estifo rm ta lc and csbesriform an th oo n vl its
T a l c ~ n o n - a s b e s ti re rm
N o n -asb e s inform
Sementine Quartz
30 m a . / c u . m . --- c'r O u c r f z x 2
*TLV
5 fibers/cc> 5 U m !n le n g th
20 M oocf 20 M e n e r j 50 M oocr f
SECTION V SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS ?RcCa u 7;C:ts 70 EE M " 't irj hamCUNG Arto STORING Avoid hreolhino dust. Use resoircrcr ir TIV exceeded.
CRMC-HT-TAI,C-00350
I\y hz*x ' d i l t i s i l i o & L ' ."-J
; iAfe.
M l ^ M ;!::
SAFETY DATA SHEET
NOTE: Exposure lo ail airem e m ineral cu ss is suOiecl lo GSHA regutalions in accordance with Section 1910.93 ol ine O ccupational Hc.ilih ard Salely A cm im slranon S tandard-as pucusheci in m e Federal R egister ol O ciooer IS. 1972. siartm g on s a g e 22129
MATERIAL T a lc
S E C T IO N IV H E A L T H H A Z A R D D A TA
N o n -a sb e sf iforrn Frem ei ire end a n fh o s n y llit e
S e ro e n F in e
Q ucrFz
3 0 m a . / c u . m , -r- % Q u a r t z -* 2
SECTION V SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
PFlfiCAUTtC.NS TO -e TAKEN **1 LUNGANO Jr A void brearrung cusF. Use resD ircror if TLV's ex cee d e d .
*ruv 20 M pocf 20 M ppcf .50 M o a c f .j
.
CRMC-HT-TALC-000351
lACIiM-Af O'l
.li
l i i l ' l ' l !E l,
MINERAL PRODUCI
SAFETY DATA SREE
NOTE. EipO iiuie io .ili .incorni! .Turioni! rlusls rj wb|i>';l lo OSHA r'equl/ilions in JccottU nca wild SiCdon 010 '.)3 Di Itili OCCijO.ltnjn.il HnAlm nini Solely AfuniniiiCfliicinS t a n d - i r a ns puOinncd >nine FeOorat R tjijislef 01 O slo(0/ 13. 1972. stintine) on anno 32109
. T R A D E n a m e a n o s c m O n t '-IS M i N m U L ?A.V.ltv Chemical composition
SECTION I
NYTAL 200. NYTAL 300, NYTAL 400
Industrial Talc
Hydrous s11icates
Complex hydrous calcium magnesium silicates
material
.
S E C T IO N II IN G R E D IE N T S
........T a l c ........................................................................... ..........._ ................................................................. ................. .. N o n -'asbesti form ire m o fite c n d /o r a n th o o h yl'Iite
..................................
Sem en tin e Q uartz
.. - .-- -- - ..........-...................................................
COLOR APPE-AHA.-HC[ OTHER PROPERTIES
1
SECTION ill PHYSICAL DATA
Wh i te
S P E C I F I C G R A V I T Y ( H , 0 * 1)
Polder --
% range 20 - 0 40-60 20-30
1 -5
j
2.8
material
SECTION IV HEALTH HAZARD DATA
Talc Ncn-asbest form tramo!ire end cnfhcphyllite
SeroenlLne. Quartz
...... '
-
. _____
30 mg./cu.m, -f- % Quartz + 2
.
.................. -- ....................
SECTION y SPEC IA L PRECAUTIONS
PQSGAUTICNS "O = Tirr.|t.-tHANDLING -i'iCSTORING
*TIV
20 Mcccf 20 Moccr 50 Mocci
'
ni-' - .
? '.?/o j 0 i (ZJ >r..j j !
) i <1 I j j *1 I ,
MINERAL PRODUC
i SAFETY DATA SHEf
i
S
MOTS, C lo s u r e 0 a a'ioocne m ineral Gusts is subject la OSMA reuul.inons in accordane w.m Section 19IQ 33 al m e C c cu o a tio a n H unitn nnc Solely Acmimstraiion Standard as pursnsneo m m e federai R e l i e r c( Octocf 19. I3 fc. stoning on paco ?''K]9
TRaC MA(.:e AMO SVNCRYMS MINERAL FAMILY CHEV.ICAUCCMPOSiTlCM
SECTION 1 CERAMITALC 10AC, CERAMITALC HOT Hydrous si! icates' Cornolex hvdrous calcium mecnesium silicaFos
' .
Industrie! Tale
MA7SRI4L
S E C T IO N II IN G R E D IE N T S
T a lc
N on-csbisSfcrm tremo!'t? cnd/cr anthoohvMte Sem en tin e Q uartz
-, RANG c
20 - 30 50 - 70 20 - 30
1- 5
COLOR
APP=AfU.NCS
c ...
'
arHs.q 3=>c r s rties
..............
S E C T IO N III P H Y S IC A L D A T A .
W h ite
SPECIFIC GRAVITY ,H.O* ')
Powder
2.8
MATERIAL
SECTION IV HEALTH HAZARD DATA
Talc Non-csbesrirorm remonte end cnrhoor.yllile
Serpentine
Qt.'crh:
30 me./cu.m. *r % Gucrtz - 2
'
'
PASCAL 7:CNS
SEC TIO N V S P E C IA L PR EC A U TIO N S
cE ': k? i ;n wangling r-`iO storing
A v o id b re c th in c desi'.
Use reco ircfo r if T L V 's e xce e d e d .
i
OATc: M a y 1 , 19 75
*tlv
20 Moocf 20 Mnpcf
50 Mpccf
I-
.
CRMC-HT-TALC-000353
___________________ i ^00 F`JAirr>rA Q*VA.'V^N
'^ !3 l'3'C=J 'J ~ f';':/ > ^ J 11'* O f0 | \ \ 1I- (<
MINERAL PRODUCT SAFETY DATA SHEET
NOTE, {sjsosuft? io Jil aircom e minora} aim s is cuOieci io CSKA r e g u l a r s m accordance wiin Section. 1910 33 of me Cccuooiion.il Heaiin .mo Safety Artminir.ironon jia n o a ro a s ouetisned in ine Federal fleisier oi C ccner IS. 1972. starling on oage 33I39
S EC TIO N I
, TM CE HAM6 A'iO-SVNCNVMS C E R A M U A L C M o . I , C E R A M I T A L C 1 0 - A , IT 3 X
MIMERAI rAMILY ,
Hydrous .S iiiccte s
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION JCoTnrd.::LC.bvdr.^
g c .c n ,3.SLum...iil fe a t es
t
.
...
S' I MATERIAL
SECTION li INGREDIENTS
I Taie
j ' Non-asbssh'form frsmote cnd/cr cntnocr.yilite
1 Srper.fine
"
'
Quartz
|
.
I
C C lO fl
1
APPSAAA.MCS
OTHEfl FA C PATiES
L_
. _ ...
SECTION ill PHYSICAL DATA .
! W h ite
{
|. po w d e r
SPECIFIC GrUVITV (H iO -U
J
In d u strial T a lc
S RANGE
20 - 40 40 - 6 0 2 0 - 30
-5
2.8
MATERIAL ' -
SECTION IV HEALTH HAZARD DATA
Talc Non-csbesrlforrn rremoire ans cnrncony! lire Serpentine
; Quartz
30 mc./cu.iTj A- % Quartz 2
!
'
SECTION V SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
-3
-stjnCMS *0 53 "i'S'i >" i-<cc.r:r, .-0 SrCPtriG
iM
Avoid breofhlr.c dust. Use rssc-Irefor if TLVs exceeded;
* TIV
20 Moocf 20 Macai 50 Mpec? 1
1
CRMC-HT-TALC-000354
I
i '
-..,,iv. ' - i "j
liimuini- i M w w u v
SAFETY DATA SHEi
NOTE, Exposure to all rm oorne m ineral ausls is s u b le t !o OSHA regulations m accordance w in Section 1910 93 ol me OccuiMl'On.K H cnim .m Safety Administration S tandard as cuaiisned m trie Federal R egister of C ctooer 18. i 9 TO. starting on p a ce 33139
SECTION i
TflAOE name AMO s-TMQMTMs. iT X, IT 3X, IT 5X, IT FT, fT 325, IT 625
Industrial Talc
mineral FA.MHV
chemical ccMAosjrtcN
H ydrous S il i c a f e s ______ ____________ ______________________________________________
Complex hydrous calcium magnesium silicates
MA ?IAL
SECTION II INGREDIENTS
: Talc Non-csbestircrm fremalifa and/or cnthochvl [ite Sementine
Q 'j a r h
' SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA
CO LO R
APPEARANCE
OTHER PRO PERTIES
'
W h ite
Powder
|
SPECIFICg r a v it y ;H )0 I; ...
material
SEC TIO N IV .H EA LT H H AZARD DATA
T a lc
N o n -asb e sf iform frem ei ire end c n th o c r.y flite
Serpentina
Quartz .
3 0 m a . / c u . i r i . -- % Q u a r t z -r 2
, r a n g e
20 - 40 40 - 60 20 - 30
1 - 5
2.8
*TLV
20 M ooct 20 M pocf 50 M ope:
APPENDIX II Results of Individual Air Samples
And Summary Statistics for NIOSH Industrial Hygiene Study
CRMC-BT-TALC-0003 56
!C C F s 11 (i
GOUtftn.-ifij U U CU
G '.k'V tO i.f h f i. 1 ,
c a l f uF S l U u Y I I 1 / U V / b I 1/07/75
AGL'*f 5TUD 1EU i TLC filuM KJ 31 LAMUtHCL'
l-OTVJL-IH-DWHO
oO Ou> Oh
18 J nft fUcM' jf. *
------ C.'tO
. Ju ii
r u u ----------------- --
3 ( D ) '' . o\t>
i;t- n i l i H
010 ^HMfQ
||||g |||||
(110M ^C'
MtM
0)3% II'.r)K3f,WOUf*0 lABUHttt
m
106 r^ 'iLU
M . . . n |07 n l* `Uj:. h!LLH H H ~ . _ ni os P U S , EiWJH K H I nE oPtHAUrt H f l - ------ 0 10<J H l i f (tiHjM MUHINt ,(ELPtn B B S - .......o1 1o niiiitnwutj;iO HU] STMiN
HH
o S
o n t i'ii; stmu o , ) ? If.fitMGlUf/O 3 f OCK CLEWK
CRMC-HT-TALC-000358
h
Olii Su^ lv
(Mtu ElCO m S,(mIjCk.L14)
UNDERGROUND SUPERVISOR
Fi nlowREGOFULAMTiETFRAINADL COFHNDTRkOLCRUDE ORE PACKET THROUGH THf CIIRU1STHIIfN3G, CIRCUIT TO EI Tt STOCK P I U S 0 LOADING f i -
FILLS UR CARS wJIH
. ... __
OTPRUAXNfScPNO.nRiTlES 0T(l OhARETPOFCRKOETS0,OHRTEFTPSA.RSASEISSE5nHOROTHSTEORREPLSACANEDS
AS DIRECTED."
................- - - ~ ........................... ................
t r u n oiif t u r o i ah cars
kPfElfHiKFURSHUCSHGAENSERDAIGLGLINAGBO,SRHOVELING,CLEANING DRIF T3 HAHDL IUG TlHRRMINi SUPPLIES, E TC.---------------------------------r - ~ ------
ODPREILRLATELSOuJAPLHLfcNnTtOUAJDRDEDHOVES EQUIPMENT IN AND OUT OF-----BLASTING AREA
DTORILOLPERFAOTRE DORIIALHLOINUGD
CORE
test
AND
BLAST
HOLES.'
MOVE, SET IIP AND OPERATE HISt UOHlHG MACHINE TO DRILL HOLFS.'
M10ACAHSIN3E1SOI PERRAAISTEORBOTURINMGOV-E,SE--T----U-p----A--N-D----O--P-E--R--A--T--E----H--A--C--H-In--E.-
l1l0f tOAPlEDRATLEGUHIpOhISLTnI ANDDURING R...I..n...I.E......AnD SHAFT DEV...E..L...O..P...M...E..N--T
h OHK
LTOOV.OERPF'oIAnTPRaPi sfielSTCAGE ano s k i p AS SIGNALED and OPERATE
nine air COMPRESSOR
--
h
I
f
h
SPONSI
G , DECI
DLE
aIm
I
FOR
uG,N
RFCfl
EPAi l
V
i,
"STORAGE
AND
CUnS I C nmEh T D?
k!
UNDERGROUND SUJCK EQUIPMENT, PaKTS EU,'#ANfJ PRf PAE3
and c o s i g n s o * i i v e x p l o s i v e s u p p l i e s
PROCURES AND DISTRIBUTES StUhRe FAsCuEp pAlNi eOs UMnUeEcfelGssRaOrUWy OfoHrQHtKhJeNGo3p--e --ra tio n -nr----t-h--e------i n;e
PLOOCAKDSETSBROINKTEON OIRRAENFC8A, ROSHUESING I HaM LOADING HaCHINF ----
onrlts
{ T I H C n MACHINE)
(fSATES ?i< COMUIUEO
- - ...................
.-
a c t and s k i p i d t r a n s p o r t he w, m a t e r i a l and f o u i P Ht Ht
til and FiifiH SURFACE 10 UKficRGnnUuD STATION L E V E L S AH& t h HAULAGE UF ORE Of! t U $ U FROH-OHE POCKETS to Uft*-
nce
S UPERVI SES I L L GRIND
- . -
---
J*;G,DRYING anO PRODUCT BLENDING
GruEHAt. h ! i.L w UR K f H - ------------s---------------- - -- - .....................
r n P u i H j i m a l l t y p e s OF
L i u n i i RftliK A3 ASSIGNED 10 AND ABOUT THE * U L AND BUILDING
VAROSs--
UP ftATE S THE DR YE, ........... -- ----- . . . . . . . . . - .
SECONDARY CRUSHERS ADO ALL AUXI LI ARY ftmi PHEWt IN TH SECOND Ai) v CuSnff( area Tu DRY AND REDUCE T* E ORE IH S I Z E PUR THFIS PROCESSING
TO SERVICE PACKAGING
OPERATION UY OPERATING E*K EOUjPRfNT PRODUCT INTO f)i SlGiiATED CARRI fR
AND TO LOAD BUI
Tfl OPT ill IE THE HAftOlfiGEOR I NOTNG Ml i L S , S EPARAT ORS , AL P I NE C L A S S I F I E R S AND ASSOCIATED FOUI Ph ENT TO PRUoUCL FI NI SHE D PRODUCT i n I n t e r m e d i a t e p odu t f o r u s e -a s - f e e d to o t h e r
t tuns
ALL i0 . s C*
OPERATES T(if MILL a i r
-- . ...
COMPRESSOR,ALCORN mE a TER,ANO a l l AUXI LIARY
I n THE PROCESS a I ft area
EQUIPMENT
UPf RATES THE wnf E U R
t l L GRINDING LOUl PHEtlJ, THE OUSTtX
ASSOCIATED EfilJ J PHfil I -
---- _ . .
CTCuOt i t .
AND U - --
OPERATES TmE S t H I - i U i n m ,11c pi cker u m loads s a g g e d ,f i n i s h e d RARflnAD CARS AND TRUCKS
pmodrct
fu -- -
TO SERVI CE P a c k i n g
.
--. ..
OPERATION BY MAINTAINING b a g S u p p l y , o p e s a t e u g l ? f t
TRUCK,and A S S I T I nG IN OTHER S E RVI C E DUTI ES IN THE
PACKHnUSE AS DIRECTED ...........- -- -
-
;------- -
TO SERVI CE p a c k i n g and c h e c k i n g w e i g h t o? 0AGGED, FI NI SHED PRODUCT - -UPERa YION BY MAINTAINING AND STE NC l L t t NG &G SUPPLY
f110
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2o |2
21
IS.OooO
J,O&0
..
07 JO
0832
lus.uooo 5 . 713
m
i d
r.A5
i i
IH
f.<!6
< ; i
1 6
r.m
2 1i
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2 11
H
&l 15
> 1t
IH
i5
4( U i - f r o l ' t
il 1 2i
r.i o
? 11 21
r.i
2 11
2*
r-2 o
lWoo/75 1l/ou/75 t 1/09/75 Il 2uO/75 1 1/09/75 1 l/OU/75 !71 11/U 3/75 11/03/75 11/03/75
09J3 1:033 o*;i2 1 |UJ 12 32 1112
t5?5 165 165
1033
612,0000
1 1 36 0932
1t<J,5000
- 102,0000
S2 3o
HS.OUOO
1 332
lo2,yooo
- 1*i26 ... `5.2OO0
165 031 1 65
1 5 1 ,juoo
156,1000 210,6000
1 ,60 6 ,30 7,3B 6.268 7,585 5,515
,?; 2.176 3,1 2
211
ii
r,5?
11/03/75
'Il
2252
230,1000 1,812
BAC BURST AT 2225
F/CC
...
------- -------------
--------- --
infix t S K l COFFEE BREAK,CLEANED H l* 3EL FwI TH CO^^^ESS
EO A I N. 8 A 0 BURST 2 1 2 5 .
FP/CC
Ffl/CC
F / C C -------- ----------------------------------------------------1-- TOOK DINNER BREAK 30 HJR
------ --------------`
f R / t C - ................................... ................. ....................................... ....... ;--------------- :------- -
F3/CC
.'
fti/CC
`
TOOK 15 HJN COFFEE BREAK,
<
FH/CC -- 15 HIM BREAK,--------- --------- :------ ---------------------- ----------- -----:---
FH/CC
FI1/CC
f H/CC--
---------------------- ------------------------------------------ -------------- ----
FU/CC
FH/CC
F li/CC .......... -.
-------------------------------------------:----- - - -------------
Fft/CC
FB/CC TOOK DINNER BREAK,30HIM,,
FH/CC TOOK 15 HIM COFFEE UREA
CRMC-HT-TALC-0003 90
li. l-^rvAliL SA^tt E suns
i 1Sabini
t " L !-'.),>/?.'./.L n i d i
..............
:
1 1 c n<* I t i Jt. I F l r t t w C U ' U N l
/IPTICAU MICHO;
5`-'l e t -i-.
c1 I
! !
5- ^ p L
U AI
/1
i t .5 .no
r j J*
! 1//?5
1 !
Cli 1
n/o/?5 .
Tl ut n>i
TIHC Uff
VULUrt urf.KS
0tQ
lUU7
i do7 .... I M U
lOd.ouoo . .005,7000
CONC
1 .911
1,586
, [0-'r , o
l.oM
25
no 5
1 1/u 1/75
1571
(io
9 7 ; 50uO
.079
5
r, h
2 s
r.ti i
- jc-i f r a w ; ,
i i
r.oS
1i/oi/75
11/01/75
l'M 6
2u i u
227.HOO0
d o . - 2.1uu ..... 255, 0000
1 , ito 11700/75,
07)5
ut) io
127,5000
1.659 1.015
5,076*
i i
l i . . gm
i *
r.9i
t
Gi / 2
i *
Gl J?
1 i
Gl '.7
- j G n l f 1} * >1 E
1 1'
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1">
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1 r>
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tl/0u/75
1 1 /ou/75
11/00/75 i / uu/ 75 l 1 / <J5 / 75
1i/uu/75
5,75u t l /UO/75
1 l/uo/75 1 1/ Ou /75
01 i l 0H3O 1 010
l?l5
1 1 17 1J5
07 }7
0 I 1 1t 01
lulo
102,0000
9.722
UOlU . , ( 02,0000 5 , 0 2 0
1 1 17
111.9000
6 ,2B9
1 115
102,0000
7,261
1215
50,6000
<i , MO
l<*2u
03,3000
6.592
tilt
1lui
1217
1 5 9 , fluoo 1H7.UUOO
... l u i , 2000
1. 115 1.196 1,651
m
Ci;*}
- E. I b* f ri l J
i)
r.9
) 1/ u u / 75
.to i
Vt /<) i /75
fi
G I A
t i /QJ/75
l?l7 1571 l7 no
10 21 1 7ou
1051
17b, aoou 16b, 1000
9 0 , (00
2.59 2.5S1 3,390
w m i Is .
units
FH/CC
FR/CC
TOOK 50 M|l LUNCH BKEAK,
F fl/CC
F fl/CC FH/CC
HEHT TO S3 ILL OUR I HG S aHPl E FOR 10 HIN,
- - - -- -------TOOK 15 HI BUFAK,
f H/CC
F H/CC F 0/CC F H/CC Fh/CC F H/CC Ffl/CC
15 MIN 8HAK,
Ffl/CC Ffl/CC FH/CC
FS/CC
CRMC-HT-TALC-000391
CKANGEO FROH NYTAL OO I O CERHATAl C BOT AT l | 5 TOOK 3A JN LUNCH BREAK
f/CC Ffl/cc
p a c k i n g n y t a l oo u n t i l 6 o o f h t h e n n y t a l s o o .
io-uSMS
`ytsiQ. t~
"
jf
b >if i 5, ,pU
3 t " t ' -.'i. , ,1
fgj
In
2
<*, 10
6Al
liii *
1t-t 1)9
11/o 1/7 5
Is3
C`JU'11 11 HE f V
2 1bu
/l"M ICftL HIC,
vULUME L1IE40
CMC,
106,0000 3,810
t'M
S ii
2h
It.-IFO
I 1'-
f f ' 4 1C
Sf lo
te
r. U U,3
r, ro
ni 2
t 1/O 3/75 J 25
1! / / ?5
1l/ou/75
2150
2 2 7
06,0000
071
0410
7 6 , KO 0
09| ft...... 10 . 1<j , 2000
6,26
1,336 5,35
Si
1 c
r, i )ft
11/UU/7S
10 1337 --20,JOO - 2,36
mi i i
C
15 1
' . 10n (fO i jf ,S
220
IM
r, v
220
IH
C2
I/2"
M
"E - n o - t r o
111
i
(, 1 16 AVf .a
f, 11U
i-i 3
i
20 3
1 1/ Oo/ 75
J 15 11/00/75
11/ y u / 7 5
11/04/75 2*0 12 .
11/ U5 / 75
11/ J V 75
1 3j7
- 0 795 4p6 ! 25
12 H1 lio
1024
68 , 000
u92o - 15,,7000
12 5
J S t t , 3000
l 13
1 0 , 6 0 0 0
155
227.OU0
121 -- 1 58, 10 00
- 5,558
1.573
a,36T
1,750
,to
3.736
1 1 1 n ? i
t IC-TfO i i f ,3
11
1 t
0/1
: - t ' , 1 (."Tf 0 AVf t
i 30 A
IC
r.2i,S
11/ U 5 / 7 5 -- oyni _ llft ---- 1 9 , 9 0 0 0 -
2.0')
t 1/l) 5/7$
0655
v>OyU 2 1 0 , 3000
J , * n 3
...
---
--
1t / y6/ 75
ilio
H57
JK5.0UOO
1.19S
0,763
1,467
1fu
!C
0? 31
" -' Ib-I Jf 0 l f .
>13
ir
r, i n
11/05/75 1,35
11/05/75
ojn - lt 0
1112 . 55
25,0000 76,5000
1,266
3,78
- frABl i <
UMt$
FH/CC FH/CC
.... ........ ...
TOO DIMMER BREAK.
TOOK 15 HJM COFFEE BREAK,
FB/CC
AND SWEEPING OUST FROM BRQxEH BAGS DURING SUftVITfo
F R / C C -------------------------------------------- -- ------------------- -------------------TOOK 30 MIN LURCH BREAK,
FR/CC - ............... -- ........ ------ ---------------------------------------- :------------
F H / C C ------- '---------- '------- -------------- -- Ffl/CC FR/CC
,---------------------- -- --------~ -
FR/CC
WORKING AT SHAFT s t a t i o n , took l u n c h b r e a k fOR i t M t H ,
F B / C C ...................- ________________________________________________ ______________________--MAINTENANCE a t s h a f t s t a t i o n .
fH/CC REPAIRING SLUSHEH.uFM RAHP,
FB/CC - -took -30 h j h - u j h c h b r e a k , --------
FS/CC --MAINTENANCE AT -SHAFT STATION^
FB/CC
r'p JS 'iC -B.T-TALC-.O0039'2-
U i l , l ' O I V j n ' U L S A" t Ht SUL ta
-.i; iSrS>-)S
ii>L t HL
! t ` l t C'*I
s i " pir
Cil t
1/
Gi ^7
1t / j 3 / 7 3
I*
C,?) o
11/05/75
1*
r. 2 1 o
H/oS/73
Ut H CUUNt
1) E Un
11 " L U7 7
/uPl 1c At. MlCU,
VlHjlHt UUHS
cune ,
132
l u i o ... - 7 8 , 2 0 0 0
1,063
1021
1137
129,2000
2,716
1137
1 3 2 `t
181 , 9 0 0 0
2,786
rMTt I 3
1 3
I 3 i 3
C, 7 g i o? r,? oi G2I 2
2.b57
11/05/75
1 1? 5
1055
1 1 / 0 3 / 7 5 U 9 (19
0939
U / 0 5 / 7 5 . 09^9 - . 1 1 9 7 .
1 1/05/75
1 1u7
1325
15 3 , OOOO
2 1161
93,3000
2. 21
1 83 , 6000 2.o5o
166,6000
0,219
iSfca
Si.
ffOl C-i
C 1
13 - G? 1 9
!"IF0 Ai/f ,
in
r. t on
13
0,3b
1-lf0 iv i . s
1 0
r.i ?i
1 1 / 0 5 / 7 5 . 0 65 9 .... U9 0 9 . . 2 2 1 . 0 0 0 0 ...... 1. 112
1.600 1 1/0 7/75
t I / o 7/75 1.609
U 32
1 329
190,9000
2,530
... O i 5 . . . 0952..... . . . 2 6 6 , 9 0 0 0 . -- 0 ,91t, ..
11/07/75
l l l .. 1329
.260,9000
0.000
31
1 n
07 i
1 l / o f / 7 5 . 955 . . 1133. . . . , 26 6 , 9 0 0 0 . . ,, 0,000
01 ip
r
0? IC
c2 io
j 2 , i r,
i2
i G
u2 J.
02
I
G i 5o Vf , 3
M/U//73 2. io
r. m i
11/07/73
ft 1^ ?
1 1/ 0 7 / 7 5
G t -'io
11/07/75
Gl 71 lV f,:
1l/u 7/75 2.165
G i -i J
1 1/ 1>7/ 75
G t ^^
1/07/75
0 7 2 3 ....... 9 3 5 . ... 2 5 8 , 9 0 0 0 . 2,lit
. 0900 .... 09 37 .
6 2 , 9 0 0 0 ... 3, 025
0729
\)9 O
139,7000
2,912
l) 9 17
1 1 30
192,1080
2,299
1 1J!
. 1325 . . l93,,euou
1.218
1 1u5 9i)S
1 3oU t ! 95
. 327,5009 2 72,0000'
3,198 9.029
JAC y ?
UNI T3
f n/cc FH/CC FH/CC
MAINT.AT aFH S a u f . TOOK LUNCH BREAK5 H|N,
FH/CC
F li/CC
FB/CC
FB/CC
MAINTENANCE AT- SLUSHES FK RArtP-TGCm LUNCH 8 E* K - T -- -, 1130-1215
F S / C C ----- ---- MAINTENANCE REPAIRING 5LUSHH UFH RAHP,
FH/CC F H / C C -----
f B / C C ................... .... ............_ . . TOO HIGH TO COUNT,
1 H/CC- __________ ______________ _______ TOO HIGH TO COUNT,
F H/CC ___ ______ _______________ _______
F H / C C -------FH/CC FB/CC FH/CC ______
FH/CC FB/CC
CRMC-HT-TALC- 000393
li. i ' . i i v i o n L s ^ u t a u t ta
i Mi '-UL i " t- !
1 5 / `.iL Y T lC U H O M o U E l ftHEH
bM< (
'.e -* `-`J. '.; * C I ** r f o i v M =
>A 1 f
7?" f 0 .
CLlUMT
1 JHf
U ff
AHM 1C AU M I C K U ,
VMLUHE LU hS
Cll'fC,
: ,V
1 `
f.|t>S
tl/u7/7S
11
1 J 2o 138,7000
0,502
t`
(, I 7 0
I I / C 7 / 7 S - 0951 - 11 J i - m . i i i i o o
0,25
U;iJ
1*
f. 1 h 11
- . I C. '>I f fcVf , S
1 1/fi'/7 5 1*775
in ta
0051
2 ? U , 3>)0
3,586
* 5
te
M 73
1 1/1)7/ 7S
1 ! .1
} 32
27 U , Juno
0,000
i>s*S
If
Gl 77
1I/U7/7S
!-.,s
i e
-: - E. 10 - r f D i v<
fui>
IC
Giti
IC
I
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1 c
--flG^rfO
G I'M
r . i 2 A VP , -
! 1/(J 7 / 7 5 l.Ol
1 1/ G// 75
lt/67/75
1 1/07/75 1.71?
3 1 0
U.
r.U
11/ 1/ 75
J*lO
l
MO 7
J ! /UH/15
O-IO
16
r. i 17
1l/u/75
u-M
U
f. 1-.7
,EK>''Tf ivf ,5
1 I / U M 75 8Ui 5
OMI
If
MS O
1I/07/7S
0 7?5 1)95
t)95 1 1 lu
25 J.JUOO 17 1) , 0 0 0 0
0.677 e.ass
CJ5
1 t lu
1? 6 , 8 U00
0 7 1 8 --- u9Sl ) . . . 2 S U . U 0 U U -
ms
132
185.3000
2,197 1,235 1 .9 1 J
07<)T 0058 liu J 1 1u2
o95a J 192
290,7000 176,0000
9,53 0,019
. 1 392 . .. . 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 0 . - 9 , 3 1 9
127
76,Suoa
,656
07/7
0957
255,0000
t.57 0
0- 1I
If
&-I l
|f
1--E .
G 1 7 G iRS Vf , s
I 1/ 0 7/ 75 . I 1/U 7/75 1 .oT
09S 7
1 1 52
1152 ' 112
195,5000 156,9000
3,101 0.751
Unna
Fa/cc f b / cc f n/ec
FU/CC
FR/CC FB/CC
TOO HIGH-TO COUNT.-
FH/CC
Ffl/CC .
fe/cc
FB/CC Ffl/CC
F H/CC
Fa/cc
FB/Ct
FB/CC FB/CC
HfSH CONC. ESTIMATED- CQNC.-ONIV-
HOKE TUHNED OFF PUMP DURING 30 HH FOB tUHCKj
CRJWC-HT-TALC- 000394
E l i (.Dl VtmJL SAKf*LE
l? ifji: iSKtStis P-,l -t u.-j-t/t' t/T ical k
S-irT Si*1Lf -,i h*.- >r .
HtSUUS
moik T txE .
OI.
CIIUN'T
/ELtCT' tX HiCWO,
TIKE .. . VULUHfc
Uff
U IHS
CUNC,
03 ' i n
Gl
\ 1/05/7S - , 110 .... IJOU. _ I 97. 2O0 20 , 1 5 2 .
- f 1O- Tf O i V , : 2 0 . 1
si
n
G i 56
1I / n b / 75
- E t ( . - T { 0 i Vf 5 2 2 . 5 * 3
3 3
19
&| 1
t ! /U5/75
12u0 U?5
1o5S l u 15
229.SOUU 22,563 ft Si u U00 11. 223
'i
l
G p> V
11/ Ub/ 7 5
0 7 0 0
06 32
156,000
8,855
t f 10 - 1f 0 * v? * 10. i 13
'; 1*
r.d-i ti
m /ub/ s
059
-1)900
-
273,7000
9,960
f -t
0 i V f , * ) . *0u
1 5
1 s
f.Pc-i
11/G5/75 .
' J C- f O i VF ,S 17.3.21
I2u0
- 115 .......i t i , 5 0 0 0
-17,523
01
2
r,<)u
11/ 01/ 75 - 1511 . . 1755 ...... 275,OO0
18,365
01- /u
ros
! 1/01/75
~ 1C - 1f o A 2 5 , U
17^5
1959
210.0000 33.705
0 5
15
r.Srt
11/00/75
0o5
1007-
105, iulOO 36,561
2, i
1 S
Gl iti
11/00/75
1115
1 10
93,5000
9,016
"E ,,1 I O-; : f o Avf .= 23.012
?
11
r. 7
u / cm/ s . . o&fc ____ 90S. ---- 13, 30O ... 8 . 967
:< - t 1J*1J ( 0 u r ,3 h * l<*iy
?o
r. i?
11/03/ 75 . - 1852 ____ 195 ----- 1 1 2 , 2 0 0 0 - - 1 5 , 5 6 3
' * C 1i ~ten i n
15 5 o 1
?'>0
t
r, i -i
11/o-J/75
' . ! C - If-D * , =10 ? . &o?
0*3u6
lo55
117, 1UU 10 2 , 6 6 2
3j o
S
r.12
! l/ul/75
1ht#
17o
102,0000 33,697
r "tfO ivt , J l , o -7
units
FH/CC ----------------------------------------- :------------------------------------TRaHHJMG 2S SLOPE TUOK LlWCH BREAK U5 0 l 2 l 5
ffi/CC
FU/CC FH/CC
SPENT 20 UN IM 8REAK ROOM, DRAGGING ORE, SHALL CAVERN 700 PT LEVEL*
FB/CC TOO HIGH TO COUNT,----------
F H / C C ---------------------------------------------
FH/CC - --------------- ---------------------- -- FB/CC
FB/CC - TOO. HIGH TO COUNT --
Ftl/CC - - OUTSIDE HOAXING-;----
FB/CC -- - - ---------------------
. f b / c c _______________ :------------------- S RUNS, 10 HIM,
FB/CC
FH/CC 3 SAMPLE RUNS.' S HI N*
CRMC-HT-TALC-000395
mm
3 , I *;0 1V 1r>'J*U Si ^Pt - E R E S U t l S
1 iS-u.Sir,
n i , . i . i r v v t L V T IX I 1 E C U ' 1 ! J U f J F t u t
CUunt
/fcLtCl'lU H l G l U ,
i'i|t r 5 ,HPL f **'.. "HJ. T>#
L-A 11
1I mE ruj
1 t
r, |Utl
1J / u " /75
E 10'Mf 0 1. f , S I r t . i S
12/0
2?
r. <>(>?
1) /O 1/7S 1ona
I IHE ` UT F
1310
Vi L Uh E L I 1 N3
1 | 9, UOO
iu<i9 - ? 1 2 , bUOU
CfJHC, 18,215 25.5U1
uh n s F 0/CC FB/CC
^E 1G'T r 0 V f . * 25,591
; 1"
t 1/ oa./J 5
i c, i r. n VF * * 11. '17 7
! p
|-f l evi ed
i
H
-E IG" (f Cl
r. J 7
A' , = r.*5
Vf . s
1.1 / O5/7 S
a | , ! 5? 111u/ 7S
7.2*0'
|f IGtfO R f 1\ J
i-EIG-tfO
r. i o
1 1/o 1/75
J.U * 8 7f . . u
Giti
1/ou/75
Vf .S 15. ^7u
I s
r.iiS
11/U/7S .
UP?7
1U2 7 2o,ouu 31, 877 nt/cc
20)6
218 1
l u n ,5000
......
un J
1033
--
ut 2 , 0 0 0 0
15?S Von7
- bbn --
1U2B
151.3000 80 J , 7000
81,752 FH/CC
7,230 2U.6G3
FB/CC ,
FH/CC
13,570 FB/CC
15?1 -- 181U .. - 2 9 7 , 50 -- t > 15>1 . . FH/CC
.EJO-'TfO vf
16.59)
Gil vf
11/ 1/75 56. uvu
G t <J7
1 1/05/75
VF .s 16.765
I G| Hj
11/ `J 7/75
V .= ? u.`iau
r. i 6
t1/ 07/ 7S
vf .a 9.USa
2 1SO oanu 0 7 12 OUST
22u7 0059 0951 l 152
90,9000 36,000 F H/CC
9S,5UC0 t u , 781 Fft/CC
27 0 , 1U00 28,989 FB/CC
1 9 5 , S 00 0
9.85U FB/CC
! PER HUUft
TOOK 15 HN CFFES BREAK
HErtT TO J HIUL OWING SAMPLE FOR 10 MH,
Pi.CE i
- P U -A 3 fitTErj f UH IHL S I A . I I 3 1 I C A L Ht S U f l 3 ( ? Ab i t O> AND THE T 1H WEIGHTED AVERAGES
''Mm
CRMC-HT-TALC -I000396
13. 1 t M ! i r .3
t 15^5105
1_E i-'io/a*."VTH L U C mM uL E i F l O E R CUuNj
/UPllCAL hichu.
Jlia
*j i fi ? fl n i
i - O o I15
1(11 Ilf H41.CL fU/CC
Sj - P iU 5
( <i - L , IAI
u\*u 0 1u , 6 / 1` tt'jT, 1 19 025 0 1u. 50'1-U'l 2 , J''<)
HI'S (,0h.
ucjS OtH, i S - uh`j ,N|)')
mean
H/CC 0,250
o, u13 3.920 1U.25V
rt 0 I AH F/CC 9 , AH 5 ,u n 9,69 9
a. iil
S I ABOARD
AVE, DEVI AJUIN
9 . 7 9 2 1 1of>3
5,575 3, 5u9
J.IIU 9.M
2,275 a ,tu
SI ADDANO f RBOT 1,531 0,7u9 1.0 17
2,137
j o s t u l e ....................
CRU3HER
ipahmeh
DRILLE
cacemaii
OPERATOR ----------- -
Uf , U)
IR ,11. 15 2 - 0 9 9 . 7A 6 , 93 2 6 , sou
3,999
0 , 6 12
<i ? r: 1
V>U 1
916 i) v*H
if. (. ) ti. 'J Sb-ijOti, i t 1 "i . I '/ a^ fit i , J j - u 9 1,5l>? S , 1111
i} l * (1! .Ill / ~Il 0 1, Kt> *i. s 2y
,J1it 21 ,29*991.725 11,7 19
1-i i29 .1J*-92 ,G 11) 0,9 1U
9.673 5 '171 u , 7o`1
0.913 0,501
5 . IOS 5.559 5,u79 7,001
D .30 3
U ->r, 9
I)HH 1,2(,GOo-OU l*,2(12 0.992 0,u03 5,073
UP 1 1
'>> \ i
f ? 13 \ u
n i i ijij ,29-u I)l,o()9 cul ,9lluuI,olS
.US 0H ,2ou- 0 9 1.1 Uh 0`1'i Gii ,55-ou 1,S i a
9.9o2 t.g Oj 9 ,GhU
3,707
5,515 1 ,5110 U ,0 1 9- (1,19 0
3.610 1,967 3,062
3, 365
UPjO
l-
A^r i
oo 3 092 ,*3o /99 J5 7 J 1.007 1.750 2 , 32
i U (]29, 1 uu-ouG , 0 2 0.327 5,970
9, 12a
9,533 3.900 6,79 3 7, H jft 9,179 2.997 0,929 2,006 2,026 0,917
9,810
1, 3? 2.027 U, ftf>5 1 ,02
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GENERAL LAflOHER CHIISHER OPERATOR
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MAINTENANCE MECHANIC
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MACHINIST wCl.BER
CRMC-HT- TALC-000398