Document 3QZ7KRangoEEGnbXjqZ7bx75n

HU8B-0007S i j ^?'yar Industrial Hygiene Digest ite\atu\e Gbshacts y MEDICAL ENGINEERING LEGAL -- decisions and trends lIndustrial Health hews tnu*d Monthly By INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH, PA. 03118157 r HUBB-000 April, 1942 Vol. VI. No. 4. Industrial ifygiene Foundation, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Literature and News News Items 338 Federal Workers Health Service Proposed. Plans are being considered to establish an industrial health service for Federal workers to reduce sick leave, which costa government agencies $100,000,000 a year. It is to bo coordinated under the United States Public Health Sorviee, through the Division of Industrial Hygiene, and tentative plans are that medical directors for each Department will be solected from the U.S. Public Health Ser vice staff, who will be administratively responsible to the Department head. "Emphasis will be on prevention and discovery of disease, through health edu cation programs, sick absenteeism studios, removal of health hazards, and first aid and treatment for minor ailments. Treatment and cure for more serious con ditions will be left to tho private physician." Legal Developments 339 Allergy to Wheat Flour. The claimant in this case, an employee of a bakery, applied for compensation for disability due to "Allergic Bronchiectasis," alleging that his condition is due to contact with wheat flour, to which he is allergic. Claimant has noticed as a baker for about 6 years in Ohio and Indiana. His attending physician in report ing on the case said: "This is definitely allergy to flour dust which over a long period of time has produced disabling bronchiectasis, and he must leave his work until well and then find some other occupation." An expert to whom the claimant was referred for examination gave essentially the same opinion. The claimant was referred to the Board of Silicosis Referees for examination and it found that the claimant was totally disabled for a time but was not now disabledi although it expressed the opinion that disability would again ensue if claimant returns to his fonaer occupation. The Commission allowed the claim. Ohio Ind. Comm. Monitor, 15, 15 (January, 1942). 03118158 KWBB-0007515 o. e % v*?\ Industrial Hygiene Digest - 2. 340 Injury from Tapping Compensable* An assembler employed by a tool and die plant, applied for compensation, alleg ing he had been disabled by a severe pain in his right shoulder and am, which he attributed to the hand tapping of cap screws in the assembling of machines. Investigation disclosed that tho claimant was required by his employer, on or about March 11, 1941, to do some heavy tapping of screws, using a heavy tap wrench and ho had a largo order to complete. While doing this tapping he re ceived the- strain upon which the application for compensation was based. This type of work is usually done by machine but as these particular taps were of a small size, the employer was afraid the machine would break them and ordered them done by hand, using a tap wrench. It was pointed out that the claimant is a bench and assembly man and was required to do very little tapping. The employ er certified the application and the claims reviewer held that the evidence, both lay and medical, was such that the claim was one that should be recogpizad as an occupational disease and be held compensable. The Commission ordered that the claim bo allowed. Ohio Ind. Comm. Monitor, 15, 12 (January, 1942). 341 Public Works Employees not Covered. This case is one of a group filed under the provisions of the Occupational Dis ease Act by inmates of The Lodge, a relief pro^am carried on by the Cuyahoga County Relief Bureau. In each case, the cause of disability was given aa tuber culosis and in each case, medical attention for the alleged tubercular condition was first given in May, 1941. All the inmates of The Lodge are public relief employees who receive meals and lodging and cash not to exceed $10 per month* It i3 not clear, the claims reviewer points out, just on what basis the claimants are alleging their tubercular condition to be the result of their employment at The Lodge and no causative relationship is alleged. He points out that these claims are not compensable as the Public Work Employee's Compensation Law does not include occupational diseases. The Commission ordered that the claim be dis allowed for the reason that proof of record shows that claimant is a work-relief employee within the meaning of Sec. 3496-1 G. G. and as such ia only entitled to benefit under the Public-Work Employees' Compensation Law, under which law occu pational diseases are not compensable. Ohio Ind. Comm. Monitor, IS. 13, (January, 1942). 342 Duodenal Ulcer. Aggravation by Nervous Tension During Strike. Absence of Acci dental Traumatic Injury. Shea had been employed by the appellant. A strike developed. Shea raaained in side the plant for 13 days, when he suffered from a perforated gastric ulcer and died. The Industrial Commission disallowed the claim as decedent's death was in no way related to any incident of employment. The Court of Common Pleas direct ed a verdict for defendant. The Court of Appeals reversed that judgment, find ing that there is evidence tending to show that the decedent was subjected to a high nervous tension by reason of the conditions existing at the place of his employment, which high nervous tension either caused or aggravated a duodenal ulcer from which decedent was suffering causing same to perforate resulting in his death. The evidence of so-called injury was not supported by any proof of a traumatic injury, accidental in origin and cause, which was the result of a sudden happening at a particular time. Judgment of the Court of Appeals re versed and the judgment of the Court of Common Pleas affirmed. Stea V. Youngs town Shoot & Tube Co., Ohio Supremo Ct., Decided March 18, 1942. (CCH). 343 Undulant Fever Contracted While Skinning Dead Cow. No Evidence that Cow had Bang's Disease. This is a workmen's compensation case. Judgaent was rendered in favor of plain tiff. Defendant appeals on the ground that there is no evidence to show that 03118159 p Industrial Hygiene Digest - 3. vO vn r-. plaintiff e disability resulted from the injury. While skinning a cow, s plaintiff cut his finger and became violently ill with undulant fever. There is no evidence showing that plaintiff contracted undulant fever through the cut in his finger while skinning the dead cow. The defect in plaintiff's case is the lack of any evidence that the cow in question had Sang's disease. It would* have been necessary to establish by positive evidence, and not by circumstantial evidence, that the cow had Bang*3 disease, in order to lay the proper ground for an inference that the disease was communicated to plaintiff from that particular cow. The judgment of the trial court is reversed, and judgment is here ren dered in favor of defendant. Federal Underwriters Exchange v. Hightower. Texas Ct. of Civ. App., 2nd DistI Decided April 3, 1942. (CCH). 344 Death from. Heat Exhaustion. Waiter in Hot Restaurant Subjected to More Severe Conditions than Other People in Locality on Hot Day. Death Held Compensable. Appellees, as dependents of Clarence E. 3anet, deceased, were awarded compensa tion by the Industrial Board of Indiana at the rate of $9.62 per week for a per iod of three hundred weeks. Appellees alleged Banet died as a result of personal injuries received by him on said day, by reason of an accident arising out of and in the course of his employment by the appellant. Appellant contends that there is no evidence to establish the fact that the death was the result of an accident arising out of his employment. Appellant operated a restaurant. Banet, a waiter, was busily engaged on a particularly hot day on which theifela- tive humidity was as high as 84$. He became ill, and the doctor diagnosed Us ailment as heat prostration. He died a few hours later. Appellant contend# that this evidence is insufficient to show that the death was a result of Oft accident arising out of his employment by the appellant. Appellees' dsoedent, because of his employment, was subjected to greater exposure to injurious re sults than the exposure to which persons generally in that locality wars subject ed. He was engaged in waiting upon the appellant's customers in a roo* without cross-ventilation. The day was excessively waist and the ht&idlty was high. Ths trade for the evening meal was quite heavy, and, in waiting upon these customers, " the appellees* decedent was exposed to the heat from the kitchen, the stems table, the coffee urn, and while so engaged in such labor, the appellees* dece dent was overcome from the heat. This over exhaustion arose out of bis employ ment. Death was the result of heat exhaustion. Awexd affirmed. Fox v. Benet et al. Indiana App. Ct. Decided March 24, 1942. (CCH). ' - 345 Manganese Poisoning. Exposure Prior to Occupational Disease Act, Disability and Death Thereafter. Award Affirmed. McIntyre entered the employ of defendant, and from 1935 on his duties involved exposure to manganese dust. In September, 1937, he was transferred and thsra- . after had no contact with manganese. He was discharged on the fourth of February, 1938. On the twenty-fourth of that month he became totally disabled from mangan ese poisoning, and died on April 27, 1939, and his widow was substituted as claim ant. An award was made and affilmed. The point raised is that ths Occupation* al Disease Compensation Act of 1937 does not cover the situation, because, by its terms, it did not go into effect until January 1, 1938. Since ths date whan McIntyre1s-disability occurred was February 24, 1938, this was the time when a compensable injury occurred, and, it being subsequent to the effective date of the act, no retroactive construction of the statute is involved. Even if ths construction thus placed upon the Act of 1937 wore to be regarded as giving it a retroactive operation, such interpretation would not make it unconstitutional. It could not be contended that, if an occupational disease arising in the oourse of the employment culminated in a disability which manifested itself after ths employment had ceased, the disability could not be the subject of compensation, 03118160 p HMBB-0007517 ,4' r?pi-J - - tS I INDUSTRIAL HYGI2EE Current 1'evs of Official Industrial Hygiene Activities Issued ninthly "by the division of Industrial Hygiene, National Institute of Health. U. S. Public Health Service, Bethesda. Md. Yq1 3__ April 19U3___________________________No, U SERVICES TC PRIVATELY OYNED WAR INDUSTRIES .--1 The Safety and Security Branch, Office of the Chief of Ordnance, Chicago (in a directive dated March l6, 1343, sent to all Ordnance District Offices), outlined the procedure for the inspection of private facilities doing war work for Ordnance by the U. S, Public Health Service, through the cooperation of the State 'units. 'This directive brings out the point that industrial hygiene surveys conducted in Government-owned Ordnance establish ments during the past two years by trained tears of physicians, industrial hygiene engineers, and chemists from the Office of the Surgeon General', U. S. Army, and from the U. S. Public Health Service have been of value in calling attention to practices that impair the health and efficiency of employees, anc. in suggesting methods for their control. Consequently, the Office of the Chief of Ordnance desires to extend the benefits of these surveys to commercial establishments for which the Safety and Security Branch of Ordnance has continu ing protection responsibility. Commercial plants in each District will be canvassed by Ordnance inspectors to ascertain if each plant is receiving current industrial hygiene services from the proper State agency. If not, the plant management will be advised regarding the value of such services, and the necessary arrange ments will be made with the U. S. Public Health Service to make these services available to each plant. To motivate this program, the Division of Industrial Hygiene of the -ational Institute of Health, U. S. Public Health Service, has adopted the following procedure '-1th regard to such requests* 1. Notification of a request for investigation will be made by the industrial hygiene -nit of the Safety and Security Branch of Ordnance in Chicago to the States Relations Section of the Division of Industrial Hygiene, and will include the name of the establishment and the person therein to contact. 2. The "'ivision of Industrial Hygiene will request the State or local industrial hygiene unit involved to communicate directly with the ^afety and Security D>anch of Ordnance for the puroose of certifying the names of there who will moke the inspection and the dates for which clearance should be obtained. 03118161 p HUBB-0007518 >--" $ 0 -2? l) <Z - -y COUBSSS Iff SAFETY AffD DtDUSgRIAL HTALTH Ur. Herbert J. Stack, director, informs us. that the Center for Safety 2du.co.tion, Uev fork University, located at o Fifth. Avenue, Lew fork City, is offering an additional course for industrial health oerscnnel this year, "Hygiene and Accident Prevention for Industrial U'trses." Other courses given in this field are "Industrial Accident Prevention" (one basic, and one advanced), "Psychology of Industrial Safety," and "Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases." -he Center offers, consultation services to safety supervisors and engineers in industry as well as to various agencies concerned with wartime safet,r problems. E3TB0IT C0UFZ3FNC3 Medical Directors J. 0. T0wnser.d and Louis Schwartz, and Sanitary Engineer <1. U. 3loomfield were among the speakers who participated in the joint session of the Post-Graduate Industrial Medical and Surgical Conference sponsored by the Committee on Indus trie.! Health of the Michigan State Medical Society and the Michigan Industrial Hygiene Society, and the bar Conference of General Mo tors Medical Directors, which was held at the Hockhe.m Memorial building, Detroit, --ichignn, on April ?, 19^3* Dhey also participated in an extension of the far Conference of General no tors Medical Directors held at the 3ook-Cadillac Hotel, Detroit, on April 9 where the principal subjects being most certinent and important to General Motors own industrial hygiene program were discussed. TUBERCULOSIS CASS FHDIffG FACILITIES EXMDED TO MEDIUM SI223 PLAINS According to information received from the War Production Board, few, if any, industrial plant hospitals will be able to pur chase new high milliamperage X-ray units for their clinic vork. Quoting from a memorandum received from the Hospital Section, Government Division, WRB, ft. . . we do not have a sufficient number of high milliampere power units to equip even 5 percent of the industrial -olants in this country employing 2,p00 or more persons at one plant." The depleted suonly -<f hiah milliaimoerage X-rav units suitable for photofluorography will probably be allocated to State industrial hygiene nr.d tuberculosis units for the purpose of making State-wide s'orve3rs, in order to get the maximum benefit out of this limited number of units. The VJP3 feels that a. mobile 'init of 3^ ma. is all that an industrial riant needs for emergency work in its clinic. Surveys of workers for chest conditions in plants unable to obtain the high milliamoere equipment are available through the porta-ble case finding units in many of the States and through the Office of Tuberculosis Control, U. S. Public Health Service. 03118162 P HMBB-0007519 I -2< project, in cooperation with the Alameda County Nutrition. Committee, is the analysis of lunches brought or bought by' the -Markers employed by two c.f the large shipyards in the area, to be followed by publication of the results of the analysis in the employees1 nagazir.es. The report would include recommendations for improvements ir the lunches. A third project, which is being considered, is a rur.ber of or.e-day institutes on nutrition for industrialists in the Bay Area, to be held in cooperation with the University of California Extension Division and with management and manufacturers * organizartiors. GEORGIA: Atlanta War Production Conference A War Production Conference was held in Atlanta, Georgia, on April l4, 19^3. under the sponsorship of the Georgia Engineering -ocicty ard the Industrial 3ureau of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce. Following a dinner meeting, panel discussions were held on the fol lowing subjects; 1. Draining Within Industry. 2. Heat Treating. 3. '"'elding. U. Machine Shop Problems, Die Making, and Press Operations. 5- "00d Working. Personnel from the Georgia Industrial Hygiene Service presented he?.lth usroccts of the various operations at each of the panel discur-zions. A total of about 45O men attended the various panels. ILLINOIS; Medical Societies Plan Programs Dr. Frederick W. Siobe, Chairman of the Committee on Industrial Health of the Illinois State Medical Society, reports that the State Medical Society and local medical societies in Illinois are develop ing programs on industrial h**giene for their meetings. These started -with a Conference on Industrial Health in Chicago on January 15, following the American Medical Association conference. Governor Greer, of Illinois 'was one of the speakers at the evening bar meet yeting attended by over 400. The Ip branch societies of the Chicago Medical Society will devote their April and Ma''' meetings to industrial health. Indus trial health committees of other county medical societies are being organized. The Kane County Medical Society held am Industrial wealth Conference in Aurora on March 10. The Annual Convention of the Illinois Staze Medical Society './ill include ?:i Industrial Health Program under the auspices of the Central States Society of Industrial Medicine. 03118164 p HWBB-O00752H -7- y; Period! cal The Industrial Hygiene Service of the Tennessee Department of ?ub:ic Health has ir.i tiated the publication cf a quarterly bulletin c.n?.led "Tonne?- >e Inin- trio I Kygi me i'e >/'." The fir:-: i s sue, ov.bliched in March, hue a foreword on th : -`r. err-l nr -Men', r - J. a statement of services of the -ennecsee Department of `'colic - rilth available to industry, prepared bv Dr. V*'. C. Williams, State u^alth Commissioner. -his issue features Industrial --ygicne hursi-g. "Succeeding issues will contain a feature article on a particular phase of industrial hygiene together with cor..rent of a general nature. " UTAS: Special Industrial Hygiene Issue of "Tour Health" The Ttar. State Deourt'.or.t of H$. ~ 1th made the -'arch issue of its monthly bulletin, "Tour health," an Industrial hygiene Unit. It forcefully states the irrpo rtar.ee and need of Indus trial h"gier.e programs toda*r, and specifically lists the disease hazards cost likely to be encountered by Utah industrial workers. -A. des cription is giver, of an ideal ol?r. for providing an adequate health service to workers, and the benefits to be expected. The facilities of the Division of Industrial Hygiene of the State Department of Health -and the services of other agencies available to Utah indus tries are described. A chart showing the relationships of Federal, State, and local agencies whose services are being integrated in the "Cooperative Industrial Hygiene ?roaran in Utah" is included in the bulletin. TlhCETIA: Nutrition Pamphlet The Director of the 3ureau of Industrial Hygiene, Virginia State D^artmer.t of Health, reports that the Department has a nutritionist now working entirely in industry. The Department has prepared a pamphlet entitled "Food for Men," which gives require ments ar.d maity suggestions for food suitable for lunch boxes. VIRGINIA: Industrie.! Dermatoses Lectures At the request of Dr. F. J. 'v.mpler, of the Medical College of Virginia, Dr. John E. Dunn presented a series of five lectures on industrial dermatoses at the Institute on Industrial Medicine held diming the week of March 22, under the aosoices of the Committee or. Industrial Health of the Medical Society of Virginia. PSRSCU1T3L I'TCTSS Pasted Assistant Dental Surgeon (?.) Leland H. Evans was assigned to the ..ichigan .St3te Department of Health on J^arch 15. 19^3 to assist in the promotion of dental programs in industry. 03118166 W HWB8-0007521 ITHTrf PTJBLICABIOKS (Supplement to Publications List of Division of Industrial -v'giene, National Institute of P-anlth, ". 3, Public Health Service, April iS^p) KA2~dAI CP ::~f3 JP.IAL HYl-IZhZ A1~B i-ZBICAL 5PF.7ICZ III '.'AH IhBUSIP.IZS, issued under tue "..spices of the Conni ttse cr. Industrial kodieir.e of the Bivision of hedical Sciences of the hational Research Council, prepared oy the Division of Industrial Hyrione, National Institute of Mealth, United States Public -- alth Service. h. C-afafor, cd. Phiiadelphia: 3, Saunders Co. (iS-ht). xi + ?CS on. Price 33.00. Part I--Organization, and operation of facilities. "far's influence on industrial ur/r.'ier.e. J. T. Bloomfield. Plant medical facilities. 0. P. Medle**. helical services. 0. P. Medic:-. Dental services. 1. B, Peacock. . Organization of -latt e:..e rev nc." medical service and integration vu th that of the cor-nuni t;*. P.. P. Sievers. Available services in industrial hveiene. J. J. 3ioorofield. Part - a--P r eve r. t io n and control of disease ir. Indus try. -r.o probler. of occ'.tr'.tional disease. 0. Breesser.. Occupational ier '.'.toses. Louis Schwartz. Pufincerinr control of pir contamination of the v.-orking environment. A. B. Brandt. --'"dic'l control of respirator;' diseases. V:. Breessen. "entreal disease control. 0. L. Anderson, <z - industrial ps**chiatr". L. 3, Cibcrson. -"-?.lth education. I. 1*. Pritchard. Industrie! fatirue: Causes and control. P-. H. Plinr.. Co~.trjr.it:* sarit?.tion. ?.. I. Plant sanitation. A. D, 3r?.r.dt. Illumination, noise, and radiant energy. A. 3. 3rar.dt and H. 3, Seifert. Hcotinr, ventilating, and air conditioning. A. B, Brandt. Part III- nar.nover oro `-axiom; use of .onr.ooucr. P-. H. Plinr.. ''-'orren it. i.-.dustr-*. ?. Brin ton. saps limits c:r :~?.ci~y a::b chpcmylbs 11: ail bc?-f places: bbotzctioit op uqpxpps a-:-a;::sz bisiaoZ .-up ^ccibiiz klips :lip pbcbyctic:: mcviitc. ?. a. Ncai and P. H. Column. Ini. 5tun iardization, 3.d, Tg-SO (hiar. 19^3). Standards for allovrble ccnc-cntr- tio.ts of chronic o.cid and chroKates (237.7-19^3) and r.crcur:* (Z37. S-I3U3} are r.ow available frcr.i the American Standards -`ssociation, 03 'vest 3: :h S-.roet, hew fork, h. Y. , at a price of 20 cents each. 03118168 p HWBB-0007522 -3- GO'TuHDrT'S OPLICAIICS IN I.:iTS:iBlAL HHALTH, V. F. Draper, Hew Zngl. o', hed. . 22G, 177-179 (Gee. 11. 1943). : "Pernoos `.he most f-nr-reachirg obligation of the Public *-ealth Service 13 co-ardiv* :e '.he health-conserve.tior. activities of industry, labor, medicine and interested government agencies.11 itdzszzial XYiipirz activitizs ip yhz ?ihlic ppsalte szavica. j. g. Townsend. An. J. Pub. health, ^, 3?k_3A9 (Apr. 1943) . Summarizing the work of the l*. S. ?"clie Health Service, Dr. Townsend presents a ccrorehensive uicture of the dace of governmental industrial hygiene, National, State, and local, in this ...r period. He discusses briefly the scope of national activity, including recruitment and training of personnel, service to i .edits fry and labor, investin'? tions into optimum hours of v.'orh, research in aviation medicine and toxicology of explosives, studies on -eatiLution for control of benzol ar.d toxic solvent exposures, studies of olant medical facilities, the surve*T of the duties of nurses in industry, the ore cram of H-rcv examinations for the detection of tuberculosis in industry, oublicatior.s v/hich have been issued or are in preparation , ar.d other ore clems ar.d ore grans. DZHZAL ??.CSPAAS I'.T bA?. IlTDVSDPirS. 1. D. Seacock. Dental Health, 3, 22 ^Peb. l9'-3). The herd th of the worker has -or. important bearing on the speed and effici-voc" 'utn v/hich w?.r materials arc oroduced. Dor.tal disorders, diroctl" or indirectly, cause the loss of working time that cannot be spared if maximum '>rocvcfion is to be maintained. Therefore, the present em-er ronev dt:v r.is that vr. r::;rs in war indue trios be assured of good oral hvriene ar.d freedom, from oa.in sued infection through a well-planned and s"stematic d-aitoi orogram. OPT I Abb. CP ''/QKK. J. G-. Townsend. Abstract of a speech presented at the -iffh Annual Congress on Industrial Health, Chicago, <-Tan. 11-13, 19^3. J. Am. Aei. Assoc., 121, 253 (March 13, 1943). This p?'?r discusses the work of an advisory committee of government officials, which, together with industrial labor, has made recommendations on haul's of work, and has creo-ar-od a check-list of questions which plants may asm t;:-:..selves in order to determine v/h't.oer their working hours are the optimum hours for their ".articular f^e of work. The check-list is designed to bring out the re* r tiers' in between hours of '-ork and accidents, abseate^isr , labor turnover, ddcciv>linar" cases, grievances, output per ''orker, :u.?.1ity of v'ork, rate of sv-jila-a. rf.'aoto, etc. 03ll8i7 tiM8B~BSii7`.>23 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 4, for otherwise, after an employee had been exposed to the hazard for years and the seeds of occupational disease had been sown in. his body, his employer could discharge him and thus avoid compensation liability for a resulting disability which might reveal itself shortly, or even immediately, thereafter. Affirmed. McIntyre v. E.J. Lsvino & Co. ot al. Penna. Supreme Ct. Decided March 23, 19421 (CCHj". .1 346 Occupational Disease Hernia. Alleged Forfeiture of Right to Compensation Be. cause of Refusal of Operation. Finding of no Aggravation of Hernia by Prior Non-Compensable Disease. Award Sustained. Plaintiff while employed by defendant, suffered a hernia. Defendant furnished a truss and plaintiff returned to work. Ho worked one day when he was taken ill with a recurrence of Malta Fever, a disease about which defendant knew at the time of plaintiff's employment. Upon return to work, dofondant offered him an immediate operation for hernia which plaintiff refused becauso of his recent serious illness. Plaintiff applied for compensation and operative correction because of the hernia, under the occupational disease part of the compensation act. The commission found that plaintiff suffered from an occupational disease hernia and allowed plaintiff s claim for total disability. Defendant contends that plaintiff forfeited his right to compensation because he refused an opera tion for hernia, when such operation was recommended by his own doctor. The rule is well established that if the operation is not attended with danger and if the operation offers a prospect of restoration, then he must either submit to the operation or release his employers. All doctors testifying agreed tha< plaintiff is a less than normal operative risk. The record sustains the finding of the commission that it was not only inadvisable, but also dangerous for plain tiff to undergo an operation for the hernia, and the commission's holding that plaintiff did not waive his right to compensation because he refused an opera tion. The commission also found that plaintiffs disability was caused by an occupational disease hernia arising out of and in the course of his employment, and the evidence also shows that the fever was not a contributing factor in the discontinuance of plaintiffs employment. The record contains evidence to sup port this finding. Moreover, there is evidence in the record to sustain the finding that the disability caused by the hernia was not aggravated by the Malta Fever. Award affirmed. Coombs v. Kirsch Co. Mich. Supraao Ct. Decided March 17, 1942. (CCH). 347 Linotype Operator Gets Dermatitis from Lead Alloy Fines. Linotype machines require a melted lead alloy from which the type is made. In the plant where claimant worked as a linotype operator, pots electrically heated were used in connection with the machines to melt the metal. There was no appar atus to remove any fumes that resulted. The pots were closed except when the metal was put in. The claimant had to open the one attached to his machine for this purpose, and at times when readjustment was necessary, he also handled sticks of type which had not cooled. He developed a dermatitis. Tests indicated that the dermatitis resulted from the fuses volatilized from the melting anti mony which was one of the elements in the lead alloy, and from handling the hot type. The claimant was found to be unusually susceptible to the hazard which caused the deimatitis. An award was granted. The dermatitis was held to be compensable as an "occupational disease" notwithstanding the fact that only em ployees unusually susceptible would suffer from it. Le Lenko v. Wilson B. Lee Co. (Conn.) 24 Atl. 2nd 253 (January, 1942). Occup. Hazards, 4, 27 (Apr. ,1942). 348 Heavy Lifting Causes Tuberculosis Flare-Up. 03H&172 A laborer v/hile lifting a 300-pound bag of scrap complained of pain, in his back and abdomen. It was found that the employee has suffered a luaboscacral strain. Previously, the employee had a condition of quiescent pulmonary tuberculosis. P Hh6 6 -0 u0752^ Industrial fygieft Digest - 5. The strain of the lifting caused the tuberculosis to flare up and resulted in the death of the employee. The death was held to be compensable as being the result of an accident sustained in tiie course of employment. Jenkins v. A. Abramson & Son. Inc. (N.J.) 23 Atl. 2nd 122 (October, 1941). Occup. Hazards 4 27-28, (April, 1942). 349 Shployee Being Allergic to Cleaning Compound does not Prevent Dermatitis Award. The employee developed a dermatitis from the use of a certain cleaning compound* The evidence showed that the claimant was allergic to the substance contained in the cleaning compound and consequently was more susceptible to the development of a dermatitis from it than persons not having such susceptibility. This did not prevent an award. Under the Workmen's Compensation Act, providing com pensation for injuries caused by accident or disease arising out of employment, any disease that is caused by an employee's work becomes compensable notwith standing an allergic tendency of the employee to the conditions that made the disease possible* Kroger Grocery & Baking Co, v. Industrial Com. (Wis.) 1 N.W. 2nd 8C2 (January, 1942;. Occup. Hazards, 4, 26 (April, 1942). 350 Occupational Diseases and the Law. J. D. Dorsett. Pamphlet, 21 pp. (Jan. ,1942)* The paper is a transcript of a lecture delivered January 12, 19'.`2, as part of the course on Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, at the Center for Safety Education, New York University. Mr. Dorsett discusses the legal rights and obligations of the employee and the employer after the former has suffred physical injury as the result of hazards incident to his anployment. The feistcry of occupational disease compensation in the United States is traced briefly, with accounts of the important cases that led to changes in the lews* The defin ition of occupational disease is discussed* A list of states is given in which diseases are (1) scheduled or specifically described, (2) defined in general terms, and (3) undefined. The problem of dating of compensation is discussed and varied interpretations in different states are given. Especially in the case of dust diseases, the problem of accrued liability has also arisen, and the experience in New York State with the unworkable law of 1935, loading to the ea- -- actmcnt of Article 4-a of the present law, covering accrued liability by gradt*. ated benefits, is described. Similar laws have been enacted in several states, and a modified plan has been in force in Pennsylvania, adjusted in 1939 so that the State pays a pert of the compensation directly when the disability accrued from a tine before the law was passed; the low applies to other diseases in addition to silicosis.* The procedures of Ohio and Washington, calling for divid ed compensation, have led to difficulties which have not as yet been altogether adjusted. The North Carolina plan by which full compensation may be waived by employees who are not fully disabled, is discussed. Definition of "accident" is also not a simple matter, and state laws vary in their ruling on the meaning of accidental injury. The trend, at least recently, has been toward the cnaotment of well considered laws; however, not only good laws, but good administration, aro essential. The author closes by stressing prevention of accidents and occu pational diseases as solution cf the problems, and recounting the part of legis lation, government bureaus, the insurance companies and other organizations in furthering prevention. 351 All-Inclusive Coverage of Occupational Diseases under the New York Workmen's Compensation Pawl Anonymous. Interaat. Lab. Rev.. 45. 157-165 (1942). After a short survey of plans for occupational disease compensation, the author describes the New York system, under which 27 occupational diseases were origin ally compensable and in 1935 a paragraph covering "any and all occupational dis eases," was added. In 1936 silicosis and other dust diseases were included. In 1938 the definition was stated to cover "conditions which attach to an occupation a hazard which distinguishes it from the usual run of occupations and is In ex cess of the hazard attending employment in general." Conditions compensated W Industrial Hygiene Digest - 6. under this definition include hernia, facial paralysis, Dupuytren*s contraction, bronchitis, bronchiectasis, pneumonia, and tuberculosis and infectious diseases, especially among nurses and attendants in hospitals. The number of cases of compensated diseases increased from 694 in 1935 to 1775 in 1940, but the number is still less than 3% of compensation cases from all causes. A large proportion of the cost of occupational diseases is caused by the high compensation cost in deaths and permanent disability from silicosis and other dust diseases. 352 Death from Disease Caused by Bacillus Snteriditls Held Compensable under ttork- aen's Compensation Act. (Utah Supreme Court; Andreason et el. v, Industrial Commission et al.t 100 P. 2d 202, Decided March 13, 1940; rehearing denied May 31, 1940, 102 P. 2d 894). An employee of an animal by-products company, whose duties consisted of shinning and butchering animals, died as a result of contracting a disease attributed to bacillus entcriditis. His widow sought compensation under the Utah workmen's compensation law for herself and her minor children. The illness from which the employee died was uncommon and rare, and there were no other known cases in the 5^ State. The disease was cne that was acquired from contact with diseased animals or diseased meat. There was no evidence that the deceased came ?.n contact with any diseased animals except at his work. The statute provided for compensation for the injury or death of an employee "by accident arising out of or in the course of his employment," The law also statod that "personal injury by acci dent arising cut of or in the course of employment" should "not include a dis ease, except as it shall result from the injury." The Utah Supreme Court said that two questions confronted it, namely, was the disease an accidontal injury, and, if so, was it contracted in the course of the deceased's onploymeat. These questions were answered in the affirmative. The court was of the opinion that under the compensation law an injury arising out of an accident was not limited in meaning to the result of the application of physical force to the body of the injured. An accidental injury might well be expressed as a disability happening by chance or unexpectedly but must, however, be connected with the em ployment. We do not wish to imply, said the court, that, because one becomes ill -while at work, the statute applies to him, even though it may be that he be come ill unexpectedly. "That alone is not sufficient to make this case one of an accidental injury. There must bo a causal connection between his employment, or his place cf onpicymont, and his illness -- something which happened to him in the performance of his duties, or some contact he made at his place of employ ment while on duty there -- which forms the connecting link between his employ ment and the contraction cf the illness. And, we might add, which is not an occupational disease." Respecting the legislative provision, above-mentioned, relative to personal injury by accident not including disease, the supreme court referred to one of its prior decisions in which it bad been stated that the pur pose of the legislature in so enacting was to eliminate occupational diseases. Relative to the evidence, the court stated that it bolieved that there was only one reasonable inference tc be drawn and that was that the deceased con tracted the disease in the course of his employment. The court held that, so far as the questions submitted to it were concerned, the dependents of the de ceased were entitled to compensation. Pub. Health Rcpts. ,J57, 551-552, (Apr. 1942). Book Reviews 03118174 353 The International Labor Code -- 1939. Price $5.00, 920 pp. (December, 1941). This volume Is a codified edition of the Conventions (Treaties) and Recosnondatiens adopted by the INTERNATIONAL LABOR CONFERENCE during the period 1919 P HM8B-0MJ/526 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 7. through 1939. It includes explanatory and bibliographical annotations as well 'T-n as numerous appendices embodying other standards of social policy adopted under / the auspices or with the cooperation of the International Labor Organization. There are twelve books in this single volume, dealing respectively with Em ployment and Unemployment; General Conditions of Employment (wages, hours of work, weekly rest periods, holidays with pay); the Employment of Children and Young Persons; the Employment of Women; Industrial Health, Safety and Welfare; Social Insurance; Industrial Relations; the Administration of Social Legislation; tho Conditions of Work of Seamen; Standards of Colonial Labor Policy; Migration; and Statistics. In addition to the full bibliographical references there is a large amount of material relating to tho ratification, application and inter pretation of tho I.L.O. Conventions. The material contained in the INTER NATIONAL LABOR COLE has never been available hitherto in any convenient and gen erally accessible collection. This valuable 'work of permanent reference is now being made available to students of social legislation and international law as >--` well as to officials responsible for the administration of social and labor law and to those who may be called upon to make defciled plans for post-war social reconstruction, national and international, 354 29th Annual Report of the Secrotary of Labor for the Fiscal Year Elided June 30, 1941. 'Washington, 1942, 165 pp. A large portion of this report concerns matters outside tho scope of this Digest, but the listed accomplishments of the Department in the field of industrial health deserve consideration. The National Committee for the Conservation of Manpower was organized to meet the expanding health problems necessitated by an increase of over 20$ of employee hours in defense industries. It built up a safety personnel of approximately 400 safety experts, and helped develop defense safety engineering in colleges and vocational schools. The conferences of labor legislation, bringing together representatives of the states, caused an increas ing degree of 'uniformity and effectiveness and a full cooperation in making rules and regulations. Federal and state inspectors often work together, for instance, in inspection of the clothing industry in California. The interest of trade " unions in industrial health and safety has been awakened. 355 Standard Body-parts Adjustment Guide; Traumatic Cases. Occupational Diseases, Dis ability Evaluations, Medjoal Fees, Statutory Digests. >15.00, including ten years' revision service. Insurance Statistical Service of North America, Chicago, 111. A useful lcose-loaf manual which provides a very convenient presentation of the legal and medical aspects of evaluation of disability and injury and disease compensation. Tho modical material, particularly the anatomical charts, are de signed to be used by lay persons -- both in management and insurance -- and are very clear and concise. The section on medical fees should be of value to all having compensation problems. There is a handy arrangement of data on occupa tional diseases, listing the nature of the hazard and its symptoms, and a summary of the statutory regulations governing compensation in the States and Federal imsions- 03118175 Industrial Health Hazards and Their Effects 356 Dust Problems la Industry as Related to the Coroner. C.O. Sappington. Ind.Med., U, 127-130 (March, 1942). Dr. Sappington discusses briefly the diagnosis of silicosis, with especial refer ence to the coroner's problems. He discusses 3 cases in considerable detail* in . V WMBB-flOO?1) ? / Industrial Hygiene Digest - 8* which wrong diagnoses were made by the autopsy surgeon, and points out where the mistake lay. The essentials for correct diagnosis of silicosis are reiterated. 357 Lead Exposures in the Printing Industry in Virginia. 3.T. Homewood and H.J. Worsham. Ind. Med., 11, (Ind7 HygTSect., 3), 186-188 (April, 1942). A survey of lead exposures was made in 16 job printing and 9 daily newspaper plants in Virginia. Precipitator air samples and urinary samples were taken with special precautions to avoid contamination and lead was determined in both by the dithizone method. Atmospheric lead concentrations were generally within allowable limits in linotype, monotype, composition and press departments. How ever, in drossing and sieving operations concentrations as high as 955 mg, per 10 cu. m. were found. These operations are worse in newspaper plants than la job printing plants on account of the larger quantity of metal used. The urinary excretions of the workers engaged in. these operations showed values that also indicate an unusual exposure tc lead. On the basis of these findings recommenda tions for control measures have been made. 358 Commercial Talc. Animal and Mlnoraloglc Studies. H.Z. Schulz and C.R. Williams. J. lad. Hyg. & Tox., 24, 75-79 (AprilT 1942). Petrographic analysis showed that in certain "talcs" carbonate and serpentine decreased as the experiment progressed. Such "talcs" are to be preferred from the health aspect, inasmuch as a smaller amount of material is more of less per manently stored. The greatest amount of fibrous tissue was developed in t% presence of the two "talcs" which contained the least carbonate. "Talcs" af this type should be avoided wherever possible, but when these are essentia], methods of controlling the dust should be employed. 359 "Lasters* Disease" (Spasm in Finger Capillaries in Workers on Lasting Machine*]. A. SchrankI Deutsches Arch, f. kiln. Med.. 187. 491 (July. 1941). (German). Abstr. from J. A. M. A. 118, 850 (March 7, 1942). This condition, characterized by spasas in the capillaries of the fingers, is an occupational disorder which develops in constitutionally disposed worker* on lasting machines as a result of irritation and cold. The reaction is local and. not of central nervous origin, although the entire nervous system may become irritated if it persists for a long time. Therapy is ineffective as long as the same wrk continues. If the job is changed, improvement results, but symptoms may persist for a long time. Treatment with diathermy and with alternating baths offers good results except in cases of severe disease in whioh muscular and articular parts are involved. Since alcohol and nicotine are vascular poi sons, these patients must abstain from thoa. Young wrkers are more prone to the disease. In factories with modern, non-vibrating lasting machines and automatic holding devices, lasters1 disease has completely disappeared. 360 Pulmonary Aspergillosis. J.M. Donaldson and others. I. Lab. & Clin. Med., 27. 740-746 (March, 1942). A case of pulmonary aspergillosis is presented with a discussion of the mode of infection, pathology, symptomatology, x-ray picture, diagnosis, and treatment. It is emphasized that aspergillosis has a distinct relationship to certain occu pations. It is most commonly observed among bird fanciers and pigeon stuffers who feed the birds from their own mouths. This occupation affords a double haz ard in the infected birds and the contaminated grain. Other occupations in which there is a prolonged exposure to grain dust, such as occurs in farming, milling, threshing, end sponge cleaning afford ample opportunity for infection 'with this organism. It is likely that often repeated massive dosage is the chief factor in the pathogenesis of this disease. Asymptomatic cases have been found upon routine examination of iron workers in certain localities. Potassivm iodide is the principal therapeutic agont. 03118176 w Industrial Hygiene Digest - 9. HW BB-0007&8 361 Health. Hazards in Steel Mills* J.W. Fehnel. Presented at Aaer. Ind, Hyg. Asso Convention, Cincinnati, 0., April, 1942. The operation of a by-product coke plant presents the hazards of coal-tar dis tillates, lime and acid burns, ammonia and carbon monoxide gas. Employees at blast furnaces are constantly exposed to varying concentrations of carbon mon oxide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide. Casting floor workers are exposed to the sulfur gases. Many of these people are exposed to high degrees of heat and radiant rays. Open hearth 'workers are exposed to carbon monoxide, and, in tearing down the furnaces, to siliceous dust. Employees on the pouring plat form and the ladle crane operators are exposed to the fumes given off by the molten material, both from the metal and the coal tar pitch lining of the molds. In producing alloys, many metals are added to the steel, among than nickel, chromium, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, titanium, tungsten, and molybdemm. Fumes may bo excessive, especially in the case of electric furnaces. Carbon monoxde may be presont in the vicinity of heating furnaces and soaking pits. Pickle and cleaning baths expose workers to the mists and vapors of a rnxaber of acids, alkalies and cyanides. 362 The Significance of Chemical Examination in the Diagnosis of Silicosis. L. tJ. Gardner and A. J. Eedlin. Presented at Aner. Assoc, of Ind. Phyrf, & Surg. Cincinnati, 0., April, 1942. There is an alarming tendency to attribute diagnostic significance to the pre sence of silica in tissues without regard to its state or to associated anatom ical evidences of disease. An autopsy is performed to determine the presence of pathological lesions; in their absence the demonstration of even great exoasses of a non-poisonous' irritant like silica is without meaning. The reasoning res ponsible for this tendency is based upon two such obvious fallacies thgt tbe necessity for even discussing the subject is rather surprising. Because tissues from cases of recognized silicosis generally reveal large amounts of total sili ca, often in excess of 1 per cent of the dry lung, the converse is assuned that a large amount of total silica must mean disease. Because the total silica re covered from silicotic lungs usually includes enough free to have caused pulmon- - ary fibrosis, the total silica content is accepted as a standard in this con nection although in all others only free silica is considered significant. This paper demonstrates the ranges for total silica in 58 lungs with no known exposure, in 20 with significant exposure but no microscopic evidence of sili cotic nodules, and in 72 with both exposure and classical lesions. Many of the lungs with definite silicosis contained less than 1 per cent of total silica in the dry tissue and some with larger amounts revealed no silicotic nodules. Other data demonstrates tho difficulties of correlating exposure with the anoint or character of the dust in the lungs. The more logical criterion of the free sili ca content of tissues is discussed with figures on 32 silicotic lungs illustrat ing the absence of correlation with total silica values. Finally, experimental evidence is presented which suggests the improbability of exact correlation be tween even free silica and pathological reaction. Tho free silica values may be high, but an associated inhibitor mineral may have prevented irritation of tho tissues; the values may be lowered in cases of advanced fibrosis due to di lution with ash of the newly formed tissue. 363 The Casting of Magnesiua. C. R. Williams* Presented at Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc* Convention, Cincinnati, 0. April, 1942. With vastly stepped up use of magnesium, there are many new problems in foundries handling this vital metal and its various alloys. Perhaps the most spectacular of these is the fire and explosion hazard, but there should be equal concern with the potential occupational disease exposures. In general, the processes are no different than those in any non-ferrous foundry. There are, however, 03118177 P HWBB-0007529 ladustrial Hygiene Digest - IQ, several departures from standard foundry practice which introduce materials not usually encountered in foundries. Thus* in addition to the usual air contamin ants characteristic of foundries, there may be water soluble fluorides, hydro fluoric acid, sulphur dioxide, chroaio acid, carbon tetrachloride, magnesium oxide, and magnesium metal -- end this list 'will probably grow as time goes on. Data are presented as to concentrations of fluorides found in the vicinity of several operations which may give rise to these compounds in air. In addition, concentrations of MgO and SO2 from pouring and "salting out" are reported. Diffi culties experienced as a result of these exposures and suggestions for overcoming them are presented, 364 The Metabolism of Fluorides. V?. Machle and E.J. Largent. Presented at Amor. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. Convontion, Cincinnati, 0., April, 1942* Mottled enamel, industrial fluorosis, Darmous, Gaddur, and fluorine cachexia are clinical abnormalities caused by tho absorption of excessive amounts of fluoride. Moreover, acute fatal poisoning has resulted from the ingestion of fluorides. The existence of these problems of public health and industry has occasioned in vestigation of tho behavior of fluoride in the bodies of inman experimental sub jects. Balance experiments have established levels of intake and output of fluoride with the subject on a normal diet. The urine was found to be the prin cipal route of excretion. There was increased absorption and retention when fluoride was added to the diet in different amounts (up to 25 times the ncxsal intake). Within rather wide limits a relatively constant proportion of thd ex cess fluoride was stored in the body. Absorption of fluoride in quantities up to 1 mga. per diem was not associated with storage, but amounts greater than 2 mgm. per dien resulted in storage. The quantities stored were not released and excreted after the intake was reduced to normal levels. The absorption of fluoride is greatly affected by the aqueous solubility of the fluoride salt ingested. Very large amounts of fluoride may be stored in the bones without the appearance of roentgenologic changes, although the bones are abnormal. 365 Silicon and Silicon Halogens. Queries & Minor Notes. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 118. 857 (March 7,^1942). In reply to a query concerning industrial poisoning by "silicon gas," several possible forms of exposure are discussed. Air-borne suspensions of the element silicon might bo construed as gaseous in the fuse liberated on electric furnace treatment. The fine particles of such fumes collect as long cobweb-like stream ers in flues, rafters, etc. It has been shown by wwimaI experimentation that this form is inert and incapable of producing tissue changes except phagocytosis. The same was found true of coarser particles 1 to 3 microns in diameter. On the other hand, some of the gaseous compounds of silicon are injurious. Silicon tctrafluoride is a colorless, irritating gas. The tetrachloride has a suffocat ing odor and is used in the preparation of smoko screens. Several other halogen compounds are known. Of the organic silicates that might be inhaled as vapors, ethyl silicate has been found to be highly toxic on injection into animals. 366 Bronchiogenic Carcinoma In Association with PnJmonary Asbostosls. Report of Two Case's] KlH.Hollob and A.Aagrist. Am.J.Pathology. 18. 125-125 (January,1942) Two cases are reported in which men between 40 and 50 were found to. have both asbestosis and a primary carcinoma of the lungs. A table listing 10 reported cases, collected from the literature, in which both diseases occurred, is pre sented. The authors conclude that the data from 2 cases, with some reports in the literature in doubt, are insufficient for a statistical evaluation, and that caution should be used in ascribing carcinoma to asbestosis. In one case the carcinoma was in a region least affocted by asbestosis, but where carcinomas often occur. 03118178 f HWBB-000/530 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 11 367 Non-Tuberculous Conditions and Complications of Tuberculosis, C. J. Koerth and others. Diseases of the Chest", 8^,' 40-49 (February, 1942). Most of the large number of non-tuberculous patients who are mistakenly admitte* to tuberculosis institutions could have had proper diagnoses if sufficient time had been given to the history and examination. Silicosis is the disease most frequently mistaken for tuberculosis* History of exposure, symptoms, physical, roentgen and laboratory examinations must be obtained to make a diagnosis. The paper includes a brief description, including reproductions of roentgenograms, of 11 cases of several diseases admitted to the Woodmen of the World Hospital with an erroneous diagnosis of simple pulmonary tuberculosis. Five of the cases exhibit combinations of silicosis, silico-moniliasis and silico-tuberculosis. Salient points in differentiating such cases from ordinary pulmonary tuberculosis are well brought out both in the discussion and in the roentgenograms. The chief indications of silicosis are a history of long silica exposure, negative sputum for tubercle bacilli, pinpoint nodular infiltration uniformly throughout both lungs (in early silicosis) and physical findings less marked than such symptoms as shortness of breath and weakness. The other 6 cases, treated brief ly, include pulmonary carcinoma, sarcoma, lymphogranuloma, and abscoss, aortic aneurysm and thyrotoxicosis. In addition 2 frank pulmonary tuberculosis cases are presented briefly to illustrate such complications as pleuritic effusion and spontaneous pneimothorax. 368 Carbon Monoxide and Particulate Matter in Air of Holland Tunnel and Metropolitan New York. v;.P. Yant and others. U.S. Bur. of Mines, Rept. of laves., No.3585, 66 pp. (November, 1941). A study of carbon monoxide and particulate matter in the air of the Holland tunnel, its dissemination into the surrounding atmosphere, and how the concen tration in the air in the immediate vicinity of the tunnel compered with that in. air at other places. The concentration is estimated to decrease to about 10 of that at the point of discharge, within 50 feet, and to 2# within 150 ft. The number of microcopically visible oil-immersion particles per milligram of partic- -- ulato natter collected from the air of the tunnel was about 1500 million. The daily amount of tunnel-added particulate matter in the air when the traffic was about 30,000 cars was estimated to be about 33 pounds, or about 7 grains per car. 369 Toxicity of Lucitone and Vernonite. Q,uerios & Miner Notes. J.A.M.A. 118, 1169 {March28, 1942). Both of these materials, used in making dentures, are believed to be methacrylate resins. Deichmann's experimental results showing evidence of pathologic effects arc reviewed. The respiratory tract showed the severest damage and only local and temporary effects on the skin wore found. The possibility exists that the prolonged absorption of small quantities may lead to the production of porphyrins which through photo action may lead to dermatitis or other physiological abnor malities. 370 Firedamp. 3. Forstmann. Glueckauf., 76, 595-608 (1940). (German). Present knowledge of the causes of formation of firedamp (methane) in coal mines is reviewed. A study of gas movements in a mine was made by blowing anaonia in to boreholes. Data for the methane content of the air at various positions in the mine are presented, and possible methods of reducing the firedamp hazard are discussed. 03118179 371 A Case of Poisoning by Hydrogen Sclonidc. H.YJ. Senf. Deutsche med. Wchnschr., 67, 1094-1096 '(1941). (German)". The author gives a survey of the literature and reports a case of poisoning by pure hydrogen selenide in a chemist working continuously in its production. Signs and symptoms included flow of tears, coryza, hoarseness, dyspnea, purple rash on r HWBB-8007531 Industrial hygiene Digest - IE. the cheeks, edema, thrombophlebitis in the calf, and finally a heart lesion. 'T\ Seleniua could not be found in the urine or sputum. / 372 Illnesses Caused by Turpentine and its Substitutes. W. Hofbauer. Dermat. WchnschT., 113, 821-824 (1941). (GemanT Skin diseases are relatively frequent in persons working with turpentine or its substitutes. In examinations of 31 patients the author found that substitutes wore the etiologic factors in 15 cases. Data are presented regarding exposure to turpentine and to the substitutes, length of exposure, age, and the effect of skin tests. Although some of the data are rather confusing, they indicate in general that turpentine is more injurious to the skin than are substitutes, but that the substitutes often affect the akin after sensitization to turpentine. The author stresses the difficulty in obtaining the right materials for testing, because the substitutes are often changed. The substitutes on which experiments were conducted are those in use in Germany. 373 Poisoning by Tri-orthocresyl Phosphate. B. '..'althard and K.M. Walthard. Schweiz. Ztschr. f. Pathol, u. Bacterial., 4, 410-420 (1940). In triorthocresyl phosphate poisoning the first development consists of serious disturbances of the gastrointestinal tract lasting about 5 days. The later effects developed 16-17 days later, starting with pains in the calves, followed by paralysis of feet and legs, and later of arms and hands, with muscular atrophy. The authors made observations in an epidemic in which 89 cases occurred, k num ber of facts observed in the patients, confirmed by animal experiments, lead to the conclusion that the pathologic changes are not situated in the peripheral nerves, as wa3 believed previously, nor in the central nervous syataa, but in the muscles themselves. 374 Pathology and Therapy of Phosgene Poisoning. E. Rothlin. Schweiz, med. Wchnschr., 71, 1526-1532 (1941). (German)'. Experiments were conducted in order to determine whether phosgene penetrates the lungs and directly causes damage to the brain, liver, kidneys, etc., or whether " the lungs act as a barrier for the phosgene and the damages to other organs are consequences of edema of the lungs. Experiments were made with phosgene alone, ergo taming alone and orgotamine followed by phosgene inhalation. They led to the conclusion that the lung presents no invincible barrier and poisoning is general. Calcium therapy was found very effective in reducing the secondary con. sequences in the surviving animals. 375 Ultraviolet Burns of the Eye. Queries and Minor Notes. J.A.M.A. 118, 1264 (April 4, 1942). - Increase of ultraviolet burns of the eye is accompanying expansion of the heavy ' industries. In the beginning of an attack of photophthftlmia, iced applications arc of some value. Cocaine is contra-indicated but one of the more recent corneal anesthetics affords rolief. An antiseptic to prevent infection of the eroded area, is valuable. After 24 hours, heat hastens epithelial regeneration. There are no known therapeutic agents of curative value, but the condition is solf-ltnitod, provided there is/istercurrent infection of te* 376 The Effect cf Standing in Daily Work -- A Suggested Method to Increase Efficiency. K. Zacharias. Zontralbl. f. Gowerbchyg., 28, 119-122 (1941). (Oeiman). The author, a physician, discusses the exertion and fatigue caused by standing in many types of v.ork. He has invented a "standing support," consisting of a tripod with an adjustable tube and with a seat similar to the saddle of a bicycle. With this seat it is possible to work close to a machine in a half sitting, half standing position which is less fatiguing than "free standing." P Industrial Hygiene Digest - 13. 377 The Causes of Accidents; Experimental Contribution to the Effect of Patiguo. S. Tovo. Rass. Med. Indust.. 12. 298-322 (1941). (Italian). The author gives a broad survey of the literature on the significance of physi ological and pathological deficiencies, of fatigue, absence of mind, imprudence, inexperience, carelessness and alcoholism, as contributing causes to accidents. The author then describes the reaction of Donnagio, by which fatigue and other abnormal conditions may be detected chemically, and reviews the literature on the subject. He examined 21 normal individuals and found an average reaction of 4 to 5 on an arbitrary scale of 68. A similar test on 107 workers as soon as possible after a slight accident gavo an average of 6.9, that is, slightly more abnormal or fatigued than the other group, but in some the reaction fell to 0 a few days later. The reaction normally was higher in the early morning and after noon than in the late morning, and higher on Monday or Saturday than at the middle of the week. About 14# of the men v/ho had accidents were fatigued. (The abstractor concurs in criticism that has been made of this paper, that it tends to overemphasize the importance of relatively small results.) 378 The Influence of Atmospheric Temperature nnd Humidity upon the Dryness of the Oral Mucosa. C.2.A. V/inslow, lTp. Herrington and J.H. Nelbach. Am. J. Hyg., 35,~27-39 (January, 1942). The condition of the oral mucosa as affected by surface moisture was studied by weighing the quantity of moisture absorbed by small discs of dried blottiap paper, applied to the back of the throat for a period of 5 seconds. Obeeijw tions before and during exposure of subjects to various temperatures and hpttdities showed that the drying effect of the respired air is a function of it* vapor pressure. With pressures above 0.4 inch of mercury the mucosa ana tela*, tively moist, but with vapor pressure below 0.4 in. there was a marked drying of the mucosa. No evidence is presented to show that such drying la haimfui, but it is pointed out that if the effect is to be controlled, a relative haddity of over 50# is necessary with ordinary room temperatures of about 70P. 379 Zinc Poisoning. T.2.P. Gocher. Northwest Medicine, 40, 476 (Decenber, 1941)* Abstr. from J.A.M.A., 118, 1012 (March 21, 1942). The complaints that follow exposure to the fumes and dust of zinc oxide, ohrem ate, sulfate and chloride are enumerated. They aro dermatitis of the trunk and of the upper parts of the thighs, conjunctivitis, chills, gastrointestinal up- sets, chronic anemia after about six months of oxposure, boils and eczeoa. No permanent disabilities were observed, but a certain nvaaber of men retained a distinct susceptibility and allergy to zinc salts. 380 Comparative Effects of Propylene Glycol and Some Other Agents on Qggan Oonarnptionof the Qrganiaa. W. Van Winkle. J.Lab.fe Clin.MeA.7 27. 770-773. ('Mar.1942). Propylene glycol was found to depress the oxygen consuaption of white rate, this depression not being due to a decrease in activity, since the depressions of pentobarbital and chloral in the same rats did not significantly decrease the oxygen consumption. These results on whole animals are in agreement with previ ous results on isolated liver perfused with propylone glycol, which also showed a decrease in oxygen consumption. The doses of propylene glycol used were be yond those likely to be taken as solvent or vehicle in food or medicinal agents, but the depression of oxygen consumption could oocur with very large or toxic doses. This result is essentially of scientific importance, because the. use of propylene glycol has a -wide margin of safety. 381 Vitamin A Concentration in Rat Liver During Recovery from Carbon Tetrachloride Cirrhosis! C.Halg and J^Post. Proc.Soc.Sxner.Biol.& Med.. 48. 710-717 (tec.1941) The authors showed that the liveis of rats recovering from carbon tetrachloride cirrhosis contain much less vitamin A than do livers of nonaal rats on the sane dist* 03118181 r HiiBB-00a/b33 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 14. 382 War Industries Face New Hazards. L.E. MacBrayne. Factory Man. & Main., 100 72, 196 (March, 1942)J ------ Among the increased hazards that may be attributed to wartime production are the introduction of potentially dangerous chemicals new to the plant's experience; stepping-up of a hitherto safe process to the point where it becomes hazardous; lowered vitality caused by fatigue because of long hours and overtime work, and consequent inefficiency. A number of specific examples are described. A dis cussion of sick absenteeism is also included. .a 3S3 Prevention of 111 Health in Industry Using Toxic Chemicals. J.M. Foulger. Presented at Amer. Ind. Kyg. Assoc. Convention, Cincinnati, 0., April, 1942. The industrial physician has the great responsibility of maintaining good health and, consequently, efficiency in production, of many thousands of workers in the United States in industry, and especially in those branches making war material. Fow operations can dispense with synthetic chemicals, which might be harmful. ,----nj iVhila it is a definite fact that with care, common sense, and proper information, any chemical can be handled without injury to health, the converse is also true. Ignorance and carelessness may lead to serious injury from chemicals. The great number and variety of new materials now in use or being introduced daily makes necessary a general picture of the physiological action of chemicals, which can be the basis of an effective program of preventive medicine. Such general information has boon collected over the last four years by a study, of thousands of examination records of workers, and many animal experiments, in a variety of chemical exposures. From this data, a procedure has been established for medical control of health in industries using chemicals. This methgd of study makes it possible to detect the effect of exposure to harmful substance* at a stage at which no organic injury has occurred. At this stage, physiological abnormalities can be removed easily by increased physical proteotioa, attention to the habits of workers, or a few hours or days of rest or temporary change of occupation. It is found that those early physiological changes (and subse quent injury if those early changes are not given attention) depend, not only upon the degree of exposure of workers in industry (as controlled by physical protection and proper medical observation), but also, to a very great degree, upon the history of workers during the sixteen hours of the day away from their industrial plant. Unnecessary overexertion during extremes of temperature and tumidity, prolonged automobile driving, especially in badly serviced and poorly ' ventilated cars, improper nutrition, self-medication and injudicious treatment with synthetic drugs, can make an otherwise normal worker susceptible to harmful chemicals. The maintenance of good health in industry requires close cooper ation of employer, industrial physician, family physician and, very definitely, the worker, himself. 384 Health Hazards in the Paint and Lacquer Industry. Nat. Paint Varnish & Lacquer Assoc., Sci. Sect. Circ., No. ""629, 319-322 (1941). Iron oxide, chrome oxide, ultramarine blue, barium sulfate and titaniw dioxide are not toalc to man, and these dusts are not unusually irritating to the lungs* However, lead, arsenic, antimony and cadmium pigments are hazardous and require special precautions. Zinc pigsents are irritating when taken internally but their external effects are comparatively non-toxic. Toluideae reds, para reds and lake colors do not appear to have marked toxic effects. P\saes and vapors from hot drying oils and resins are irritating to the eyes and respiratory organa* All volatile solvents, except water, that are used in the paint and varnish in dustry are poisonous when present in the air in sufficient concentration. 385 Industrial Benzene Poisoning and its Remedies. D. Florentin. Ann. d*Hyg., Pub. Indust, et Sooiales, 18, 97-112^ (1941). (French). This is a general paper on benzene poisoning, including uses of benzene, method of entrance into the system, and preventive measures. 03118182 p HWfl8^00753<i 0 < Industrial Hygiene Digest - 15. 386 The Clinical Forms of Benzol Poisoning, their Prognosis and Prophylaxis. Lechell and others. Bull.et aaa.Soc.Mod.hop.de Paris, 567 353-358 (1941), (French). The authors studied 47 cases of benzene poisoning in female wrkers using nearly pure benzene. Within the first month some workers 3howed emaciation, intestinal troubles, headache, and sometimes fever. The authors term this form "minor benzoiism." Then between the 48th and 120th days there appeared various forms of purpura, menorrhagia, and metrorrhagia; serious cases developed with or with out fever, with tonsilitis and necrosis of the mucous membranes of the mouth. One such case ended fatally. The blood examination presented the picture of hypochronic anemia with leucopenia and hypogranulocytosis. In one case the red cell count was 870,000, the leucocyte count 2600, rising to 25,800 shortly be fore death. 387 Possible Urticaria from Solvent. Queries & Minor Notes. J.A.M.A., 118, 1169 (March 28, 1942). Generalized urticaria in a dry cleaner using Skellysolv T does not seem to have a direct occupational origin, although dermatitis, "naphtha jags," and rarely chronic systemic poisoning do occur with this solvent, a petroleum derivative. Pollens and other dusts from clothing may be of greater significance. Contact tests should be made utilizing high dilutions of acetone with the solvent,, and water v/ith the sodium hydroxide used in reconditioning the solvent. 388 Cyanide Dermatitis. Queries & Minor Notes. J.A.M.A., 118, 935 (March 14, 1942). A treatment is suggested for cyanide dermatitis. Boric acid ointaent U.S.P. or wet boric acid dressings will act as a buffering agent keeping the pH in the range from 0.6 to 0.8. If deep ulcerations have been produced, superficial debridement may be indicated. 389 Safeguarding of Health in the Plastics Industry. J.A. Cummings. Pejma. Dept, of Labor & Ind.Safe Practice Bull., No. 88 (1942). 8 pp. . Dermatitis is the most common industrial hazard, in the plastics industry. The most general sources of hazards are: (1) dust of molding powders, (2) ttaies from heating pellets in the molds, and (3) by-products formed when the solidified product is machined. Protective and preventive measures include: (1) use of suction hoods leading to dust collectors; (2) personal cleanliness, and (3) use of protective creams or ointments and respirators. The manufacture of plastic molded bottle caps is described. 390 Specific Diseases in the Sugar Industry. E.E. Meyer. Higiene y Seguridad, JS, 623-626 (Novasiber, 1941). (Spanish). Sugar crystals irritate the skin mechanically, and sugar in all forms has an irritating action, not only on the bare skin, but also whan the clothes become impregnated with syrup or molasses. Usually exposure is followed by slight fever, chills and malaise. A localized infiltrated patch appears, and one or more extremely painful boils develop in a few days, with lymphangitis and aden itis. The boils open spontaneously and recovery is very slow. Apparently staphylococcus is the causative agent. The disease is frequent in new workers, but immunity usually develops within a year. Other ailments include a squamous dermatitis between the fingers and on the back of the hands, fermentation in the gums, and gingivitis. In extreme cases the teeth fall out after 2 or 3 years of work. Conjunctivitis and keratitis have been attributed to hydrogen sulfide vapors. The author recommends as hygienic measures, good ventilation, dust con trol, bathing and washing facilities, drinking fountains, instruction of work men, dentist's and medical service, adequate supply of dean clothes, and gen eral sanitation of the factory and of the workmen1s houses. 03118183 w HHBB-0007b35 Industrial rbfgieae Digest - 16* 391 Elastiglass Dermatitis. X. Greenfield. Urol, and Cutan. Rev., 46, 120-122 (February," 1942). The acid gin e3ter of the resin used in chemically fabricated wearing apparel, especially clastiglass -wristbands has been found responsible for cases of der matitis among persons -who wore them. The principal symptoms were pruritus in the exposed area, followed by papule formation, erythema and edema. Heat and moisture were found to be important factors in the development of skin reactions. Recovery is slow, and contact of the material with the skin of sensitized persons reproduced the disease -within 24 hours. 392 Mango and Hualtcca Dermatitis. G.A. Paulson. Standard Oil Co., N.J., Med.Bull., 5, 197-200 (February, 1942). The author describes a dermatitis caused by the mango and hualtoca plants, mem bers of the poison ivy family, found in northern Peru and other tropical coun tries. The chemical irritants are non-proteins and are found in the sap of the peel and the fruit atom of mango fruits and in the young leaves of the hualtaco tree. The wood may be handled with impunity. 393 Allergic Dermatitis with Small and Largo Vesicles, Caused by Parsley. . Huebschmann and J. Cupik. Dermat. 7/chnschr., 113. 725-733, 744-752, 766-776 (1941). (Gorman). The authors found acute inflammation of the skin of the hands and forearms, in the majority of female workers who prepared parsley in a canning factory. Purple discoloration was present in the affected parts, as were often extroely large vesicles, followed by purulent folliculitis and carbuncles. Fover and chills , were present. Rabbits -were sentitizod by injection of parsley extracts, and in these animals injection of the serial caused a local anaphylactic reaction, only when the patients and rabbits were sensitized by the same kind of parsley. < ; I Methods of Detection and Determination 394 Magnesium Acetate as an Ashing Agent in Fluorine Analysis. W.E. Crutchfield. Ind. Eng. Chem., Anal. Ed., 14 , 57-53 (1942). ' In determining less than 0.1 mg. of fluorine in biological fluids some fluorine may be lost during the ashing of the sample. Many of the ashing agents recom mended in tho literature are likely to contain fluorine. Some 2000 analyses were made with fair success when magnesium peroxide was used, but difficulty was encountered with some samples of food. Pure nagnesiiaa acetate prepared from electrolytic magnesium was found excellent. The blank is negligible and more concordant. In 64 cited results tho greatest error appears to be 36.9# in deter mining 0,284 mg. of fluorine. 395 A Portable Field Colorimeter for Industrial Hygiene Use. T.R. Thomas and L. Silverman. Ind. Med., 11, (Ind. Hyg. Sect. 3), 188-191 (April, 1942). A simple circuit portable photoelectric colorimeter containing combined absorber and colorimeter tubes is described. It is adapted to field or laboratory use for determinations by colorimetry, nephelometry or photometry. Examples of its applications ar.e in the determination or detection of carbon dioxide, carbon di sulfide, chlorine, chromic acid, nitric oxides and trichlorethylene. Details cf construction and operation are given, with illustration. 03118184 r HWBB-0007536 Industrial Hygiene Foundation - 17. 396 The Fate of Solution of Particles of Quartz and Certain Silicatea. P.H, Kitto ?") and H.S. Patterson. J.Ind.Hyg. & Tox., 24, 59-73 (April, 1942). Experiments on the solubility at 36.9QC. of quartz and silica suspensions of particle size comparable to the dust in mine air are described, in which condi tions of preparation of the samples have been carefully controlled and interfer ing factors reduced to a minimum. The effects of varying pH, particle size, and methods of preparation on the rate of solution of the particles are given. The initial rate depends on many factors, but the final rate may be proportional or nearly proportional to the radius. After some weeks the solution of the particles reaches a very slow steady rate which is probably the true solubility of the un disturbed surfaces. Experiments are mentioned on the depression of the rate of solution and the removal of silica already in solution. The theory of the solu tion of dusts and the results obtained are discussed. The initial high rate of solution is due mainly to the "Beilby layer" and "edge" effects, and as these are dissolved the rate decreases rapidly. The intrinsic solubility of the finest particles is probably higher, even when this disturbed outer surface has been removed. -- Author's summary. 397 Shattering of Particles by the Imninger. L. Silverman and W. Franklin. J.Ind. Hvg. & Tox., 24, 30-82 (April, 1942). A careful analysis of existing data on shattering of impinger particles by the Greenburg-Smith technic shows no conclusive evidence of shattering. Severil writers give results which indicate shattering, but thes ; may be in error jue to inadequate precautions against selective sampling. Other sources of error in their observations are the failure to size all the particles and the use ef high* er than specified impingement velocity. Experimental data obtained showed ne shattering of discrete small glass spherical particles and no significant change in the mean particle size of ground flint at the normal sampling rate. Aggre gates were observed in both original and impinged samples. The number of aggre gates did not appear to be significant. -- Authors' summary. 398 Immersion Method for the Rapid Approximation of Quartz in Industrial Dusts. Il7W.B. Wardlow. Ind.tted., (IndT Hyg. Sect., 3), 190-191 (April, 1942). As an auxiliary to the immersion method of quartz determination where speed but not great accuracy are essential, a method is described depending upon the change in refraction of quartz with wave length. If a quartz particle be immers ed in a liquid having high dispersion and a refractive index for sodiua light just equal to that of quartz, and illuminated by ordinary light it will appear yellow-orange with a blue-green halo, Or vice versa, depending upon whether it is within or beyond the focus of the microscope. If a red filter is interposed, the quartz will have a higher index than the liquid, and the opposite if a blue . filter is used. In operation, two such- filters are used and there are various methods of comparing the particles. For particles over 20 microns, filters which transmit both red and blue bands permit the estimation to be made in one operation and with a single filter. 399 The Occupational Disease Hazard. ff.A. Cook. Ind.Med., 11. (Ind.Hyg.Sect., 3), 193-197, (April, 1942). ~ The author outlines the general methods of conducting industrial hygiene surveys. One point of the discussion is how much information can be obtained by general observation without instruments. The conclusion is that general observations on the part of experienced persons and applied with common sense serve to locate the severe exposures and aid materially in planning instrumental tests, but should not be relied on as a substitute for other tests. Obtaining infonwtion on length as well as severity of exposure is emphasized, and integrating methods are advocated where possible. 03118185 F HWBB-B0O/53/ Industrial Hygiene Digest - 18. 400 Procedure for Testing Oss Masks for Permeability. O.S. Bur. of Mines, Schedule 14E, 19 pp. (December 24, 1941). " This schedule supersedes Schedule 14D, issued May 9, 1935. It describes the standard tests for approval of the various types of gas masks, with directions for supplying and marking the material to be tested, schedule of fees, persons to be present at the tests, etc. Gas masks are classified into the following types: (A) for protection against acid g-ises; (B) for protection against organ ic vapors; (C) for protection against ammonia; (AB, ABC etc.) for combinations of two-or more; (AE, HE, etc.) for protection against dusts or mists in addition to the type of gas specified, and (N) for protection against all the contaminants listed. The prinicipal tests given include resistance to air flow, machine tests, low-concentration and low-rate-of-flow tests, high-concentration and high-rate- of-fl.ow tests, chemical stability, and man tests. Concentration, maximum leakage and minimum life are specified for the general tests, and types of exercise and results for the man tests. 401 Determination of Acetyl-,^ in the Air of Industrial Plants. E.A. Finkelshtein. 2avodskaya Lab., 9, 52-64 (1940). (Russian). ' A method was developed for determining small amounts of acetylene in concentra tions up to 0.005 cc./cu.m. of air. Two traps connected in series consisted of glass tubes 1.1 am. in diameter and coils immersed in liquid oxygen and filled with 8.55 cc. of carbon, in grains 1-3 ram. in diameter. A mixture of acetylene and nitrogen was passed through the apparatus. Before each experiment the carbon was heated to 120-150C. and the gases were forced out. Hie temperature og the gas over the carbon was measurad with a copper-constantan thermocouple andfkept constant at 181-183. The adsorption was discontinued after 1 cc. of nitragaa had passed through the system and all gas had been expelled from the gasholder. The adsorbed gas was desorbed into Petri tubes filled with Iloevay reagent* Do- sorption took place at first on account of the heat exchange with the surround ing atmosphere, and finally the traps were heated to IDO by blowing with nitro gen in order to obtain complete desorption, as determined by the absence of color in the Ilosvay reagent. The quantity of acetylene was determined colorimetric- ally. At velocities over 10 1. per min. some acetylene passes into the secend ' trap. The presence of oxygen in the air has no effect on the results. The determinations require from 30 minutes to 2 hours. 402 The Rapid Polarigraphic Estimation of Lead in (Jrine. I. Entrainment Method. G. Reed and V.A.~Gant. Ind. Med., li,_io~7-109 (March, 1942). Urinary lead may be obtained in inorganic solution for polarograpbic analysis (1) by ashing of the urine sample, (2) by ashing and dithizone extraction, (3) by precipitation of lead by entrainment and subsequent ashing, and (4) by pre liminary electrolytic separation, according to the recent work of Bambach & Cholak (Abstract No.831, October, 1941 Digest). The present paper is confined to the entrainment method. Entrainment with calcium oxalate was found more satisfactory than with alkaline earth phosphates. The completeness of recovery of lead by this method was demonstrated by determination of known weights of lead added to the urine, and the possibility of an unprecipitatrable lead com plex was ruled out by parallel experiments in one of which any complex would be broken up by the treatment. After precipitation of the lead, the remaining treatment consists of ashing the precipitate, dissolving in citric acid and polarigraphing. The accuracy of the method is + 10#. Details of reagents and procedure are given. 403 A Rapid Method for the Microanalysis of Lead. L.T. Ftdrhall and R.G. Keenan. J. Am. Chen. Soc., 63 , 3078 -3079 (194lT. ' The dithizone method has proved its usefulness in the determination of lead in urine and other biological materials and in drinking water. However, a study of the natural lead content of a sample of urine sufficiently large so that it w HWB8~0titt7S38 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 19. could be determined by standard chaaical procedure, as compared with dithlzone readings with small individual samples, indicates a notable disparity between the apparent quantity as measured eolcrimetrically and the actual lead content. The dithlzone value3 in a series cf experiments varied from 3.6 to 13.5 times the chemical value. A rapid micromethod for the determination of lead is des cribed which permits the objective separation and precise evaluation of minute amounts in drinking water and in 'urine without the necessity cf ashing. Full de tails are givon. (Reprints are obtainable from the Division of Industrial Hy -1 giene, National Institute of Health, U.S, Public Health Service, Bethesda, lid.) Control Methods ,--a --j 404 Sulfonamide Drugs as Protective Agent3 Against Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning. B.E. Leach &J.C. Forbes.~Proc.Soc.ExperTBlol. &Med. 48 , 361-363 (1941). The authors found that the oral administration of sulfanilamide reduces the mortality rate of rats and protects against liver necrosis in acute carbon tetra chloride poisoning. Sulfathiazole and sulfapyridine were also protective while sulfanilic acid afforded no protection. The last fact indicates that the pro tective action is in some way a function of the sulfonamide group. 405 The Removal of Carbon Dioxide from Rebreathing Apparatus. J. Adriani. J, Avia tion Med.,~I2. 304-309 (December. 1941). Rebreathing apparatus consists essentially of a closed system equipped with a method for removing carbon dioxide efficiently. Two types are described, with special emphasis on the canister and the properties of its contents. Comparative data are presented and considered from physiological, chemical and physical view points. 406 Humidity as a Health Factor In Air Conditioning. F.W. Hutchinson. Heat. 4 Vent., 39, 22-24 (April, 1942). The present state of knowledge concerning humidity and health is very unsatis factory. There would seem to be little justification for the advocacy of humid ity control as a health measure. On the other hand, the possibility that unusual humidities may be decidedly unhealthful is sufficiently well founded to warrant the greatest hesitancy on the part of the engineer in using air conditioning methods which result in unusually high or low humidities even though they may be within the so-called comfort zone. Within the comfort zone, the most important influence seems to be the inverse relationship which exists between that intan gible quality called "freshness1' and the humidity of indoor air. 407 An Outline of Industrial Exhaust Ventilation. F.F. Kravath. Heat* & Vt., 39. 36-58 (April, 1942). ' - A comprehensive guide (in outline form) to be followed in the design of an indus trial exhaust ventilation system of any type, an explanation of each heading and subheading in the guide explained, profusely illustrated, discussing the proper combination and sizing of the elements comprising a system. This Reference Sec tion is divided into two parts; the first being devoted to the technical phases of the subject; the second is made up of brief illustrated descriptions of a num ber of actual installations of various types of exhaust systems and. covering a fairly wide scope of industries and equipment combinations. A limited number of reprints of this 24-page section are available at 25 cents each, postpaid, from Heating and Ventilating, 148 Lafayette Street, New fork City. .. _ 03118187 r HWBB-00075:i9 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 20. 408 Ventilation and Dust Problems Associated with Peep Tunnel Operations In Colorado. R.J.Owens. Presented at Amer.Ind.Hyg.Assoc.Convention, Cincinnati,0.,April,1942. The Carlton Drainage Tunnel located at Cripple Creek, Colorado, and the Big Thompson Water Diversion Tunnel located between Grand Lake and Estes Park, Colorado, have held the attention of tunnel and mining men throughout the United States for the past few years. The Carlton Tunnel was designed to "under water" the famous Cripple Creek mining district. The bore was started at an ele vation of 6,890 feet above sea level and extended underground for a distance of 31,600 feet. This is the longest tunnel that has been driven from one portal without any addits rising to the surface for auxiliary ventilation. It was anti cipated that four years would be required in order to complete this project. How ever, with modern equipment, the tunnel was completed two years and two days after drilling began. Practically all existing world records were broken in drilling this tunnel through solid Pike's Peak granite. On two occasions the tunnel was advanced 78 feet in 24 hours. The average daily advance for the month of September, 1940, was 63.1 feet. The diameter of the bore was roughly 10 feet by 11 feet. On February 20, 1941, after the tunnel had been driven 28,970 feet a water course was struck which flowed 20,000 to 25,000 gpo for several days. This water was saturated with carbon dioxide gas which diluted the air under ground to such an extent that there was not sufficient oxygen to sustain life. Changes in the ventilating system were made and "cracking" of the air line was necessary to continue the operations. Shortly after this water was encountered an epidemic of boils spread among the miners. A dermatologist from the Deasa- toses Investigation Division of the United States Public Health Service west de tailed to Colorado for the purpose of assisting and making a study of this problem. An underground filter was developed and installed to control the gases resulting from the detonation of dynamite. Carbon monoxide ooncestmtiens in certain parts cf the tunnel exceeded 0.150 per cent and oxides of nit*eg were found to be as high as 450 ppm. The filter temporarily controlled ttas gas problem underground. Many dust counts were made during drilling and making operations. Dust concentrations, while mucking was being done, were effectively lowered from 325 mp/cfa to 10 mp/cfa by wet methods. Silica content of the gran- - ite through which this tunnel was driven averaged 30 per cent SiOg or free silica and 64 per cent total SiOg* The drilling, mucking and other underground work as well as surface operations are described, as is the method of taking blood saturation of the miners and a close-up view of the boils that developed during the driving of this tunnel. The Big Thompson Water Diversion Tunnel designed to divert water from the western slope to the eastern slope under Continental Divide, is discussed. This tunnel when completed will be 13*2 miles in length. The method of driving this tunnel is comparable to that of the Carlton Drainage Tunnel. Engineering data obtained from the Carlton Tunnel is being used to ad vantage in driving the Big Thompson Tunnel. The Big Thompson Tunnel may be con sidered as two individual tunnels which will meet approximately six and cue half miles underground, each half of the tunnel being similar to the Carlton Tunnel insofar as method of drilling and problems which are confronting the operators. 409 Exhausting Asbestos Fiber and Dust in Wire Insulation Manufacture. Penna. Dept, of Labor and Ind'., Safe Practice Bull., Ho.93, pp. 6 (April, 1942) A description of the dust control system used in a plant producing asbestos covered wire. There are two general types of asbestos application here, one in the spool form (to be used for braiding the outside of the finished wire), and the other the ball or lap form of asbestos which is lossely wound on a reel (used on the carding machines) and applied to the wire in the fora of a felt. The re sulting dust, if uncontrolled, is not only a health hazard but, since it has a decided abrasive action, is also deleterious to machinery and other plant equip ment. The dust control installation described is considered a model of its kind and has proved not only a safeguard for health tut has produced some revenue from the salvage of waste fiber which previously bad been lest. 03118188 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 21. -5- >i 410 Researches on the Prevention of Industrial Anthrax: the Disinfection of Anioal Hair by Steam* E. Hailer and K. Heictcen. Zent. f. Bakt., 147, 209-232 (July 7,~ 1941). (German). The efficiency of two types of steam disinfector for treating bales of animal hair was tested by thrusting into the bales a "spear" carrying a thermal element T\ and a capsule containing anthrax spores, the viability of which was tested at the end of each trial. Bales of hair from various animal species from 20 sources were examined. Under the ordinary working conditions the spores remained alive in 72 of 127 tests, largely because the interior of the bale was not always heat ed to the temperature at which sterilization is effective. The authors' recom mendations involve unpacking the hair and sterilizing it at 104C in wire baskets. This procedure increases the danger to the worker, and protective clothing should .-- :e worn. 411 Problem of Harmless Cleansing of Skin. W. 3urckhardt. Schweiz, mediz. ffchschr., 71. 1097 (September 20. 1341). (German). Abstr. from J.A.M.A. 118, 849 (March 7, 1942). A discussion of the role of alkaline substances in the pathogenesis of eczemas. The results of experimental patch tests are reported and observations on patients with eczema caused by soaps show the offensive substance is not the perfume but always the alkali. A search was made for neutral skin cleansers to replace al kaline soaps. The author describes the properties of a skin cleanser the ictive constituents of which are fat alcohol sulfonates. It is effective and haiftless. It is helpful in preventing eczema, particularly in persons whose skin is hyper sensitive to alkali and whose occupation involves frequent cleansing of the hands. 412 Cutaneous Detergents. C.Guy Lane. J.A.M.A. 118. 804-817 (March 7, 1942). An extensive article on the cleansing of the skin. Many points concerning the mechanism are still controversial but an attempt is made to indicate the most satisfactory explanations at the present time. In spite of the large amount of material existing on the subject of detergents, many fundamental problems remain to be solved. Further elucidation of the process of cornification of the skin would be valuable, as well as a study of the factors affecting penetration of detergents and other substances into the various layers of the skin. The exact action of detergents in the removal of soil and on the skin itself calls for further investigation. The pathogenesis of a dermatitis from the use of deter gents especially, and the development of a reliable standard patch test or other tests to aid in the proper interpretations of the causal factors of such a derma titis, are subjects for consideration by laboratory and clinical workers* With further research on some of these subjects there would undoubtedly be developed more effective and safer detergents and perhaps a more effective method of skin sterilization without injury to the skin. 413 Dermatitis Control in a Mass Production Industry. T.F. Mooney. Ind. Med., 11. (Ind. Hyg. Sect;., 3), 191-193 (April, 1942). The four factors in dermatitis prevention -- personal cleanliness, elimination of irritant material from contact, use of protective clothing, and application of protective creams -- are discussed briefly, with special reference to their use in the Ford plant at River Rouge. These control measures, together with good housekeeping, have lowered the incidence of dermatitis to less then 1 1/2 cases for each 1,000 of plant population per month. 03118189 p Industrial Hygiene Digest - 22. HWBB-0007541 Industrial Medical Practice 414 Dental Status of Adult Mine and Smelter Workers. H.P. Brinton, D.C. Johnston and E.O. Thompson. Pub.Health Repts., 57, 218-228 (February 12, 1342). Dental examinations were made on 2,365 adult male workers in 3 industries in Utah. The D.M.F. (number of teeth with untreated dental caries, plus filled teeth, plus missing teeth,) per 100 men'was 1.446 among coal mine workers, 1.485 among metal mine industries, and 1.542 among smelter workers. The data for each classification are arranged according to age groups. Missing teeth were frequent among these adults; 15.55$ of all miners were toothless. Gingivitis affected about 405$ of the group aged 35 to 65. Pyorrhea shows a prevalence of more than 30% for the 15 to 34 age group and slightly over 65% for the men of 34 to 65 years. Forty persons employed in a lead mine showed a lead line, and all but one of the 40 had gingivitis, and pyorrhea was present in 72$. The D.M.F. rates for the younger miners were less than for a group of 3351 employees of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company studied previously, but the difference is not significant when all factors are taken into account. There were some dif O ferences between the D.M.F. rates and between the incidences of the diseases, favorable to the young coal mine workers. The probable reason is the exposure to lead of members of the other group. 415 Dental Services in Industry. H.A. Hooper. Ind.Med., 11. 157-163 (April,1942). The foremost cause of industrial absenteeism is the common cold, and the second is defective teeth and gums, accounting for about 25%. Several instances of the prevalence of b$d oral conditions are expressed in. various ways; the number of persons having defective teeth varies from 42% to 95% of the total included in the particular survey. Some industries have made progress in correcting such conditions among their employees, but in the main, too little is being done. The average X-ray examination- does not include the teeth, and follow-ups when teeth - are considered are usually more desultory than insistent. A table of various occupations shows the ratio between carious teeth and spptic roots, on the one hand, and common colds on the other, to be nearly constant. Another table shows several other diseases to be more prevalent when mouth conditions are bad. A long list of diseases attributable to bad teeth are given. A table of non-occu- pational causes of absence includes only a small percentage attributable direct ly to dental conditions, but three types of disease directlv traceable to dental conditions (arthritis, gastro-intestinal and genito-urinary), caused 67% of the total days lost. Great improvement in general health of employees of one com pany followed elimination of their mouth infections, and such clinics are urged for all industries. They will reduce compensation because they will prevent dis ease. Such a program requires the action and cooperation of the industrial executive, the industrial physician, the private practitioner and the worker him self. The greatest difficulty is in interesting the worker. Posters will help, but education is necessary. 9Q 416 Periodic Physical Examinations in Terms of Results. R.M. Graham. Ind.Med., 11, 112-115 (March, 1942). Beginning in 1922, annual examinations of all the operating employees of the Pullman Company were conducted, and the author reports on the 1940 survey and a comparison with the earliest surveys. Comparisons are given for 16 glasses of disease. Some of the most striking features of the report are: 10% increase in defects or chronic diseases in spite of pre-employment examinations and per iodic check-up; a decrease of active tuberculosis cases from 14 to 2} increase in hernia from 5 to 7%; and in general when there has been an increase, the con ditions are usually the result of chronic degenerative changes, or the diseases of aging. r Industrial Hygiene Digest - 23. 417 The Influence of Vitamin B (Complex) Surplus on the Capacity for Muscular and J Mental Work. Z. Simonson and N. Enzer. J.Ind.Hyg. & Tox., 24. 33-90 fAprTiaa^ The effect of vitamin B (complex) surplus (6 mgrn thiamine, 80 mgm nicotinamide, =r> 8 mgm riboflavin, etc.) on the capacity for muscular and mental work was studieS? '.; in 12 normal, healthy subjects and compared with a control group of 11 normal subjects. No effect of vitamin B intake was seen in 5 different types of nu3- US cular work. Vitamin B surplus increased the fusion frequency of flicker in 3 oF 12 subjects. The first measurable increase appeared after 3 weeks intake; the effect reached its maximum after 5 weeks vitamin 3 intake, and dropped to the initial values during 4 to 6 weeks after cessation of vitamin B intake. All of the experimental group and only 1 member of the control group experienced sub jective improvement of working capacity. A favorable influence on the capacity for all types of work characterized by fatigue of the central nervous system, may be expected in the majority of normal healthy people if a considerable sur plus of vitamin B (complex) is added to the normal diet. -- Authors' summary. 418 Cardiovascular Survey of Supervisors. W.L.Cook. Presented at the Amer.Assoc.of Ind. Phys. St Surgeons, Cincinnati, 0., April, 1942. This survey was begun to determine the incidence of cardiovascular disease in a group of actively working executives and whether such a limited type of examin ation could detect such disease process in its earliest stages. The incidence of abnormalities were: Electrocardiograms - 11.2$ abnormal. Blood pressuredeterminations - 7.6$ abnormal. $ Fluoroscopy - 3.2$ abnormal cardiac contort* Auscultation - 4$ with significant murmur^ Urinalysis - 4$ with positive findings** There were 13.1$ of the entire group with one or more findings which deviated from the normal. Individuals, presenting bundle branch block as the only abnor mality or those exhibiting hypertension alone are certainly susceptible car diovascular accidents. The eight cases with glycosuria should have definitely benefited from this discovery. The knowledge that 37$ of this group were, from this limited examination, not candidates for cardiovascular accidents is eomfort- ing knowledge. It is believed that the yalue of this work will be enhanced by repetition because certain borderline cases can be checked for comparison and the progress of definite abnormalities can be observed. 419 Hypertension in Workers over Forty Years of Age. ProHminarv Report. A.II. Master and S. Dack. Ind. Med.. 11. 145-147 (April. 1942). The authors report an analysis of the data of blood pressure of nearly 5600 workers over 40 years of age. In 3665 males the incidence of hypertension (ISO cystolic or 90 diastolic or more) was 25.7$ between 40 and 49 years rising to 35.7$ between 50 and 59 years, and 52.8$ between 60 and 90 years. Hie respective incidences in the 1788 females were 40.2, 51.3 and 71.4. These percentages are considerably higher than any published heretofore, but it is probable that at least this incidence of hypertension holds for the general population. Hyper tension within certain limits is concomitant of the aging process. Since the span of life is increasing yearly it will be found that millions of people in the general population have some degree of hypertension* Since hypertension is such a common finding over the age of 40, it should not be considered a sola cause of rejection for employment, unless it is excessive. This should serve to reassure both industry and labor. 420 Aphonia in Telephone Operators. Queries St Minor Notes. J.A.M.A. 118. 857, (March 7, 1942). ' Loss of voice does not commonly occur as an occupational disability in telephone operators. There is no significant change after three years or more of service, careful inquiry reveals. Instances do not occur frequently enough to be s cause **or concern in the industry. P Industrial Hygiene Digest - 24* 421 The Treatment of Face and ffye Burns with a Sulfhvdrvl Solution. A.E.Cruthirds 3 Ind. Med., 11, 109-112, (March, 1942). * Favorable results were reported in 43 cases of burns involving injury to the eyes and other parts of the face, treated with an aqueous solution of sulfhy- dryl, as described in Abstract No.213 (February, 1342). The outstanding advan-w tages of this solution are: (1) the prompt alleviation of pain; (2) the forma-?* tion of a flexible eschar; (3) a minimum of scarring and contractures; (4) pre-in vention of infection; (5) complete lack of toxicity; (6) ease of application and low expense, and (7) a rapidity of healing vastly more prompt than any other burr, treatments used by the authors. 422 Education in Industrial Health. S.J. Seeger. J.A.M.A., 118. 1017-1019, (March 21, 1342). The objectives of industrial medicine may be in general beyond the field of the average practitioner. There has been a lag in the absorption of the progress in industrial hygiene and medicine on the part of practicing physicians due to two factors: the extremely rapid development of industry and the failure of medical educators to give proper emphasis to the training of students, both undergraduate and graduate, and to assign to preventive medicine the place which its importance justifies. There are shortages of personnel in the three pro fessional channels of medical service to industry. The medical and profession al schools and medical societies are under heavy obligation to create or im prove opportunities for training. 423 War and Industrial Health Control. D.E. Cummings. Ind.Med., 11. (Ind. ifyg. Sect. t Z) , 186-187~~( April, 1942) . Many new workers are taking the place of those recruited for service, working hours are being lengthened, and new toxic materials are produced. Therefore the need of health guidance and protection of workers is greater than la normal times. Government agencies have expanded their industrial hygiene divisions during recent months. However, little has been done to improve health service within cany essential industries, or even to insure the continuation of exist ing facilities. Competently trained industrial physicians, hygienists, chemists*" or nurses should not be diverted from indispensable positions in industry to types of military service which do not filly utilize these practically irreplace able skills. 424 Interpretation of the Patch Test. Q.L. Levin. Ind. Med., ^1, 177-179 (Apr.1942). This is an editorial calling attention to some of the precautions to be used in making patch tests. Careful training in the technique is necessary. Differ ent parts of the body of the same person differ greatly in sensitivity, so the results on one portion of the skin are not necessarily conclusive as to the sen sitivity of another portion. The areas tested should be as near as possible to the site of the inflammation but it should be remembered that the part of the body may have been further sensitized. A worker should be patched with all the materials used in his occupation, and if all the responses are negative, other materials used in his home should be tried. The insulating material between the chemical and the adhesive plaster which affixes it Aould be non-Irritating. Unvarnished cellulose and thin mica have been proved most Innocuous. Whether the tests are negative or positive, other factors besides the results must be considered. 425 Why Industrial Disease Control is Important to Women Workers. M.T. Mettert. Occup. Haz rds, .4, 10-13, (January, 1942). ~ The heavy influx of women into industry presents new problems in industrial dis ease control. There is a definite sex variant in illness. The National Health Survey showed that among men and women workers 15 to 64 years old women 03118192 r Industrial Hygiene Digest - 25. JaT ri r-. experienced a higher sickness rate in every age group, the difference increasing with age. Women are moro susceptible to certain industrial poisons, especially lead and benzol, the latter even producing a different reaction than in men. ca Young women are also particularly susceptible to poisons affecting the nervous g system, such as carbon disulfide. Among hazardous processes employing more * waaen recently is dial painting -with radioactive paint3. There is some evidence that women* s susceptibility may in part bo due to peer nutrition because of lower wage scales. 426 Occupational Diseases of Bones and Joints* L. Teleky. Ind.Med., IT, 164-169 (April, 1942). The author discusses all the bone diseases of any importance that are wholly or partly occupational in origin, including phosphornecrosis osteitis of mother-ofpearl, mottled enamel, and other effects of fluorine, the skeletal lesions of caisson disease, skeletal injuries fran overexertion. In the last category are a number of deformities that are obsolete or unimportant industrially, but "shovol .sickness" is ccmraon and is discussed at some length. The effects of use of pneumatic tools are also discussed. 427 Report of a Joint Session Between the Subcommittee on Industrial Health and 0 Medicine, Federal Security Agency, and the Council on Industrial Health. Ameri can Medical Association. 118. 1228 (April 4. 1942). If it seems in the interests of workers and industry, an agency for the dissemin ation of industrial health information will bo created which will probably! be directly attached to the subcommittee. If industry is to absorb the produsts of accelerated industrial health education, some concomitant program of training industry in the advantages of medical supervision over workers is lndiepeneble. The principal problem relates to small plants which are, or consider themselves, unable individually to support medical and nursing programs. 428 Plant Hygiene Studies. Council on Industrial Health. J.A.M.A., 118. 818-819, (March 7, 1942). This is the fourth article on a series on medical service in industry. The prim ary function of the industrial physician is the location, identification and control of unhcalthful occupational exposures. Plant hygiene studios have proved to be a reliable and inexpensive method of obtaining dependable data on which may be based a program of adequate control. The technic of making such a survey is outlined for the physician. 429 Occupational and Compensable Disease with Special Reference to Tuberculosis. LT Brahdy. Ind. Med., 11, 147-15G (April, 1942). toThe author compares the compensation laws of the various states according whether occupational diseases are compensable and if so, whether by schedule or by blanket coverage. Compensation for tuberculosis is summarized as follows: compensation is payable for tuberculosis (1) when it is caused by an injury which in Itself is compensable, wherever there is a compensation law; (2) when caused by an occupational disease which in itself is compensable, whether blan ket coverage or a schedule prevails; and (3) when caused by occupational contact with tuberculous patients or bacilli. The last appliestfiere there is blanket coverage and in Massachusetts where occupational contact is specifically includ ed. The methods of extending compensation laws are listed. The whole structure of compensation law and occupational health rests with the medical data. When physicians fail to recognize the occupational origin of a disease, or incorrect ly class one as occupational, its prevention is impossible. All compensation laws acknowledge that physicians are the sole authorities in the field, and they must accept the responsibility. 03118193 p HUgB>~6t}B754`> Industrial hygiene Digest - 26. 430 Urology. Some Industrial and Compensation Aspects. A.J. Greonberger and M.E. Greonberger. Iad.Med.. 11. T23^127~{iiarcb. 1942). The authors discuss various phases of urology in relation to ctmpensation cases Thorough examination and history talcing have in many cases demonstrated non-occ pational causes, often infection, for injuries believed by the patient to be of occupational origin. The relationship of bladder tumor and renal calculi to trauma is illustrated with case presentations. Other subjects covered arc the relation of trauma to tuberculosis and to epididymo-crchitis. 431 Instruction in Industrial Medicine for Medical Students. T.L. Hazlott. Ind.Med., 11, 115-116 (March, 1942). The industrial medical profession in general has suffered from lack of respect and has not assumed the responsibility that it should have, mostly because in dustrial practice has been conducted by physicians who have had no training in the field and -who regard it as secondary to private practice. The remedy lies in greator attention to industrial medicine in medical school curricula. A separate course in industrial medicine should bo given all undergraduates, and should include lectures on placement of the worker, routine role of the physi cian in the plant, hazardous occupations and care of employees, both under haz ardous conditions and in a general health program. Field trips should be made to a well-organized industrial medical department. Such a course, preferably in the senior year, and covering even as little as 20 hours, would giTe a stim ulus for future work. Graduate courses for specialists in industrial medicine, on a par with other specialized courses, should be given. 432 The Status of Medicolegal Testimony. P..T. Johnstone. Ind. Med., 104*106, (March, 1942)." f Before the advent of industrial medicine the service of the ethical physician was rarely demanded in matters of litigation, and the charlatan was store often seen a the witness stand. Now, however, a medical opinion is required in every occupational disease case before an Industrial Accident Commission or similar , body. There are three groups of cases requiring medical testimony: (1) those ' in which the extent of disability from trauma is questioned; (2) those involving diagnosis of industrial poisoning, and (3) those involving the speculative rela <C = tionship between an alleged trauma and a subsequent disease. In compensation litigation, medical testimony is derived from two sources, the claimant's physi cian, usually the family doctor, and the industrial physician. Since the latter appears more frequently in court, he is often accused of prejudice in favor of the employer or insurance carrier. The author presents statistics and evidence to disprove any contention of prejudice, and to show rather that he ronders an equitable decision in favor of the claimant in 98$ of the cases he examines. The statistics, from California records, reveal that in consideration of the large number of industrial cases in which he is engaged each year, ho appears before the Industrial Accident Commission comparatively few times, thus dispelling any insinuation that he is coaparablo to tho "professional" medical witness of the common courts. * Finally, from the analysis of tho survey by the American Medical Association, it is apparent that the insurance carrier is limited in the choice of a medical witness in any given community when the medicolegal problem involves an opinion regarding the industrial origin of the claim, simply by the compara tively small number of physicians -- 1,283 out of 120,000, who can be recorded as competent in industrial medicine. 03118194 433 The Nurse in Industry. R.Belden. Conn. Health Bull., 5,6, 39-41 (February,1942). Tho functions of the industrial nurse, all loading to reduction of absenteeism, arc discussed b-.cfly; (1) knowledge of the raw materials used and products made, their potential hazards, and what workers are oxposod to them; (2) attention to illness from causes not associated directly with employment; (3) keeping accur ate records of absenteeism. V> nw dB-0007^6 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 27. 434 The Economic Effects of Industrial Care of Health. A. Marcus. Zeatralbl. f. Gewerbehyg., 28. 113-119 (1941). (OermanTT The author first discusses the American data on costs caused by illness and accidents, showing that there are about 5 days disability through sickness and non-industrial accidents annually per person in the U.5.A. The sickness insur ance in a largo Gcraan plant shows 17 days of illness per workor. The author estimated, the total loss of work time in Germany to be 1.5 billion work hours, and the loss of production to be 15 billion R.M, The employment of factory physicians is the most hopeful moans of decreasing this lost time* The regula tions for industry and workers* organizations issued in Germany outline the S tasks of these physicians, who should be appointed in every factory. Their duties include first aid, periodical examinations, advice to the management on sanitary problems and to the worker in every question of health. They aro not expected to treat workers except in first aid and certain physical treatments, 0 and should cooperate with tho family doctor. Yearly reports are sent to the "Office of Health and Worker's Protection." ' 455 Diagnostic Procedure in Evaluating Industrial Dermatoses. L.Tulipan and F.A. Glass. IndT Med.11. 101-1C4 [March. 1942). The authors recommend definitions and tabulations for procedure in diagnosing dermatitis, based on extensive experience. They define an occupational deimatosis as any disease of tho skin arising out of, during, or in the course of a person's work. This definition avoids tho word "injury". The procedure ig eval' uating causal relationship is presented in outline form. First, the past tad present history are to be taken. Bsphasis should bo placod on whether improve ment of the eruption occurred on cessation of exposure and exacerbation occurred on resumption of exposure. Consideration should bo given tc household and avocational exposures. The next stop, the physical examination, include* examina tion of the entire skin, and the mouth, and demonstration by tho patient of his daily work routine. A number of characteristics of the eruption are to bo noted. The technique, precautions and interpretations of patch tests are next discussed, -- with consideration of "false positive," "false negative" and "delayed" reactions. A list of 21 classes of substances for patch tests, with recommended concentra = tions, is presented. Finally a careful evaluation and impartial opinion as tc causal relationship should take into account all cf the findings described. 436 Tho Health cf the Worker la Industry in War Time. J.G. Cunningham. Canad, Pub. Health J.,32, 562-564 (November, 1941). In peace time about 25# of all workers in industry have important physical dofocts, and the number is now increased by the enlistment of fit persons and the employment of handicappod men and women. Accidents are increasing, partly on account of new workers, supervisors and methods of production, but they also in crease in seme industries v/hcrc these conditions do not exist. Sicknoss is more important as far as output loss is concerned, reaching 6# of working time. Pro duction, however, is a much more sensitive index cf ill health than lost time, as is shewn especially in the effect of increased working hours. The Canadian Government is considering limiting men to 11 hours a day or 60 a week, and women to 54 hours per week with 1 day's rest in 7. Night wrk is increasing, but fortnightly changes of day and night shifts have increased output of production and decreased sickness absences. Occupational disease is increasing, due to in creased exposure. However, non-occupational illness remains the most important curb on output. The increased needs of medical inspection, preamploymoat and periodical examination, supervision of first aid and education in personal hoalth arc stressed. 03118195 p !1CO)x w ODj (jm LlD(f)11 MHBB-00075^8 C3 Document Review For Confidentiality HMBB-0007547 0\ rV i INDEX (April, 1942) Acetylene determination 401 Anthrax 410 Fluorine, determineition 394 Gas mask testing 400 Aphonia, in telethon operators 420 Asbestosis 366 Aspergillosis,pulmonary 360 Benzol 385- 386 Bone and joint. occup. disease 426 Bums, therapy 421 Humidity, effect 378-406 Hydrogen selenide 371 Hypertension 419 Impinger shattering 397 Industrial medicine economic aspects 434 education 422-431 report 427 testimony 432 Carbon dioxide 405 "Lesters' disease" 359 Carbon monoxide in mines in tunnel 370 368 Load determination in printing 402-403 357 Carbon tetrachloride effect of vitamin A 381 Magnesium, casting 363 sulfonamide protection Methacrylate resins 404 369 Colorimeter, portable 395 Nursing, industrial 433 Dental service, industrial 414-415 Paint industry, hazards 384 Dermatitis control cyan!do diagnosis clastiglass mango pareloy plastics solvent 413 388 435 391 392 393 389 38 7 Patch tests 424 Phosgene 374 Physical examinations cardiovascular 418 periodic 416 Fatigue 376-377 Fluorides, metabolism 364 Plastics industry, hazards 389 Propylene glycol 380 - Quartz Determination 398 rate of solution 396 Silicon 365 Silicosis chomical examination 362 coroner's prohlans 356 tuberculosis 367 Skin cleansing 411-412 Steel mill health hazards 361 Sugar industry, hazards 390 < Surveys. Industrial-.hygiene technic 3*9-428 Talc 358 TrlcrthswsaA phosphate 373 Tuberculosis compensation Turoentins 429 372 Ultraviolet burns Urology, industrial 375 430 Vitamin B effect on capacity 417 Ventilation 407.40fl.409 War industries, hazards 362-383-423-436 Women in industry 425 Zinc 379 03118196 p HWBB-0007511 O -13/ '1 o. aa? ^ -Sis'.