Document 3QRdz0mvG8rRjMqVyE4Jw7YbE

E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & COMPANY KREBS PIGMENTS DEPARTMENT 256 YANDERPOOL STREET NEWARK, NEW JERSEY fCopy No. Os, Period Covered: NEWARK PLANT PIGMENT COLOR RESEARCH REPORT Final Raport um mm t q b e b s ms * urns January - Jlys 1944* ! FILE: 222.21 DATE: 8-23-44 I''* NJMSB N37952 Serial Ho. KN-44-49 Copy Ho, / Copy tot #1 - numerical File 2 - Research Offlee (232.21) 3 - library File (222.21) 4 - #10 Building File 5 - Imperial Chemical Industries, ltd. - 4. R 0 nM 8 - He. C. H. Huppreoht, Wilmington (XQZ File)fe* '<* ^ - * y -( 0 H *-* NEWARK PLANT PIGMENT COLOR RESEARCH REPORT Final Report Title; LITHOL RUBIKE TONERS AND LAKES, Period Covered; January - July, 1944. SUBMITTED BY: M. G. Taber y*. Jt. ToLiM>-- APPROVED BY; J. B. Cooper DATE SUBMITTED; 7-18-44 DATE ISSUED; g-23-44 -{ it?!' DUP050149821 4sedSEmam S* file practicability of fflploytei a direct lakiag process (i.e. one involving simultaneous eouplll| add laklng) has Already been demonstrated la the ease of "Duel" Carmine. Previous work led to the development of* a laboratory process (K-1552) for the orthodox pigment hy th^ procedure aad also resulted la the establish ment of a formula for a darker, bluer product (111669} containing febiaa Acid ap an accessory agent (e.f. Reports K-42-35 and 8-42-82). Aslia from the obvious simplification In the number of operations of' the faew direet-lafcing proeasa In comparison with the aatabUehed orthodox proeedure`(which involved prior coupling of the dye and isolation thereof as the tedium fait), it is Important to note that the-new procedure rendered possible msumfaoture in more concentrated solutions, thus further decreasing aanufacturlng costs* the present study was undertaken to determine if further cost reduc tion is possible, and particularly to ascertain If commercial hydrated line (the cheapest available alkali) could be employed as a substitute for both the caustic soda and the calcium chloride of the earlier -155$ process. n a concurrent study of calcium lithols, the practi cability of the "lime process" had already been demonstrated (c.f.K-2041). mmait -1552 represents the first *Buol" Carmine toner prepared by a direct leklng process (8-42-35)* -1994 Introduces yet further simplification by employing hydrated lime in place of both caustic soda and calcium chloride. (Slaked lime costs less than one fifth the combined oost of the equivalent amounts of sodium hydroxide and calcium chloride). In -1994 sodium acetate was emitted entirely and the rosin content Increased over that in -155$ without any sacrifice of strength. By rubout evaluation -1994 is decidedly stronger than either RT-443-D or -1552. Unfortunately, -1994 has a very high oil wetting tins, is bulkier than standard RT-443-B and dusts rather badly. To eliminate these defects -2039 was developed. It contains 6fS of Bssinous Oil X-l* as a wetting agent. -2039 equals standard Bf-443-D in watting time and degree of dusting, finetorlally It is slightly darker than standard in masstone and equal M ultimate strength (stronger by rubout evaluation)., deal yields compare as follows: tl lbs. lbs. lbs. Against -2039 Standard Ultramarine's Virginia Red CB-6500 is poorer in texture: and in rate of strength development, but is equal at ultimate strength. Its wetting time is substantially lower. Sermon's S-84 Lithol Rubin is. superior to -2039 in rate of strength development, nearly equal in texture. Manufactured by the Seville Company, Pittsburgh Pa. DUP050149822 3- Coaplete paint and ink evaluations of K-1994, K-2039 and K-2040 are in progress, and these reports should fee consulted for further details. I&-1669 represents the first dark glue "Duel* Gamine developed using a direct iaking proeeag. US-42-82). K-2040 has been developed using the Heir "hydrated lime* process, tike 1*2039. K-2040 contains Resinous Oil X-l to reduce hulk and wetting fine. K-2040 has a darker aasstone than K-1669 and Is about V2>$ weak by rubomt evaluation. It is very dark and blue versus ST-443-B and nearer equal in strength*- foal yield of K-2040 'lb higher beeause of high resin content* for K-166, 593 lbs.* for K-2040, 649 lbs. 1*2013 was developed- as an improved 11*526-0. It is a lake of 1-1994 on barytes. 1-2013 fey rufeout evaluation is stronger (5p ST 100 p) than standard RE-526-D, but has no strength advantage by linoleum tests. 1-2017, a lake of K-2040 (without Resinous Oil X-l), is dark in aasstone and blue in tint versus K-2013. Strengths are equal, both by rubout tests and linoleum tests. & close natch to RH-237-0 (an extended non-rosinated calcium Rublne BG lake) could not be prepared by the hydrated limedirect laking procedure, as too dark a masstone was obtained. The results did suggest, however, that a non-rosinated toner of some interest tinetorially might be obtained by this method. The entirely non-rosinated toner was far superior to any toner ever prepared from the sodium dye, but was weak and rather dull versus "Duol" Carmine and competitive low-rosinated toners. Small amounts of rosin noti ceably increased both depth and strength* -2033 contains only 3$ of rosin. Compared with RT-443-D, it is very light in masetone, nearly equal in strength, but dull in tint. It has the oil absorp tion characteristics and bronse of a typical non-rosinated toner. In strength and depth of masstone it approximates sense competitive Uthol Rubine toners, being fairly close tinetorlally to SherwinWilliams' Rubanox Red RG-C.P. 810, C#44520. Goal yield of K-2033 is 450 lbs./mol* DU P050149823 ! & J?1 1 Eg J M t fe 1 a! M so ??t * ss ta l * S<j rri of >4 s i r' J- V < *ri <$ P* i . ;-- 5 *" S -h | r~ t i css t'n a <?s. VPj 3 I So I > -O 3 w O. C?S H s st uTg ta > & ? *4 U^ o o e-t <H. CTH MeUf's r<e8. 'w* 1 t o o 'H. # <<Nj^ r4 3- I >1 ,* n ps J* S* <& XP$P* * 5 u *-P z <-4 I 1 fe p p pp JS ^*4 &gr H Ti x 7f i$3i ru*2 Aut ?3 S & 'V? ^ #$4 ^ V, t* & f* %%%:: *v ' a *& o* v? S B HS i? SI * 5? -?c3 f 8 38 T ^ v\ <4: r-v *V< 5 ? f :*f C\8 ^ r? Nv V\y>. z O '5i- Sr""4J fW-i- j * o t<\ !H 9 # '& fil ,* M >-l?u 9 e^i 4' "1 Z-t at f* V v-i't >j 'c v'? o s 9~i C >; hi >4 >4 * > 8-< CM r-f It 4* .t i vr> 3 G\ vOv > -> "> tr~ c m a n4- &> $ is * *0 x*t* II &V jM, I5 A* ^<V8* *IiK> j SH W P * -H ** *4H35* *f* a ci ja <%> <-} V"tir* $i Hi ra CM t r ? S 5$ 4 -<r tJP* 3? o O'* lf\ C Uf\ Vt\ t'tfyr '!> ,~rf 6 rn Gr\ ps v% 3 S. '4# Q !T* & aQ Qa t-r>s fc- *r a ` VO8sf COM .Or-*Sr ya j O i\t i dark * DUP050149824 -5- ' " 1* Bg - She proper amounts of lime oust he present before coupling: fori unlike H2-443-B and X-1552 adjustment of pH after ooupltag has very little effect field and strength ere dependent upon the pH. Below e $8 of & (measured after coupling) the rate of coupling becomes progressively lower end yields decrease rapidly, hot strength within the pi range 7-8 la at a maximum. In the pH range frest 9*5-10*5 yield is good and strength satisfactory. Mach Shove pH 10.7 the strength drops rapidly. In the pH range 9-10.5* no buffer is neeesaary. Furity of hydrated line is not easily determined and varies not only from lot to lot hut from hag to hag. For this reason pB control of the lie-P2MSA solution and of the lima-BOg slurry is nooessary. In both eases uniform dispersion la required hsfore aoourate pH measurements oaa he obtained. She pH of the FSMBA-lime solution is the less important of the two In determining the pH after coupling, but It Is better guide to the purity 'of the lima. She formula amount of lime should give a slightly turbid solution with a pH about 8. She PfHSA will dissolve in slightly less lime to an almost clear solution of pH below 7, while slightly more lime gives a solution turbid with undisaoived Ca(QH)2 and a pH above 10. For a pH of 10-11 after coupling the diluted BOB slurry should bo adjusted to pH 10.8-11.0. For a pH after coupling of 9-9.5* the BOB slurry should have a pi of 10.4-10.5. BOB and lime form, before dilution, a thick, uniform, cream colored slurry. Adding the BOB to a lime slurry gave more finely divided particles of the 6a salt than the reverse procedure. Ho beating was necessary. 2. $08 in - In every ease, the K Wood grade of rosin gave the most satisfactory results.. X-2039 contains slightly more calcium roslnate than K-1552, whereas &2040 contains considerably more. Increasing the rosin content above the formula amounts will give darker masstone but loss in strength. For X-2033, additional rosin up to 12# of the pigment will give markedly increased strength and intensity, but with undesired increase in masstone depth. However, with a rosin content as high as 12#, the pigment is still very light and strong versus RT-443-D. DUP050149825 * ' The coupling volumes#* -2119 aai l-2040 are from iowifthaa those of i-ifft and A-?' nwd very'much i<w jCauaosoolatlsoiSngdttlheelovsoslumlae strength. 4. . *. Ondeveloped pigz^rssr* la an effort to wetting times tfpa of plgffit&V a ay of agents were H9&iwa.+ &&&% AitBxuut* :.a^enos* B*$.P* alcohols f sine stearate, glyceryl monostearate, mahnitaa laurate, linseed oil x-l.fatty acids,,naphthenic acid, Igepal CA, Alkanol t, and Resinous ! oft' ..... fils group includes representatives of ntdsst ^oi ihfe general * imtfaee active agents* Ifetof these agents had a liiht riolal effect in reducing wetting time but two of them, jrete end Beslaous Oil X-l were outstanding, The addi tion Of Mp of these agents reduced the 'wetting times to that of lT-443-l>. in addition they Increased the yield significantly and did not have any-,deleterious effect on stfd^th. Slennltan laurate was of further"interest in that it resulted in a pigment of superior / texture, ihereas the Resinous Oil X-i had a slightly adverse effect on texture. Resinous Oil X-l on the other hand is extremely cheap and easily obtainable at this time, whereas ten laurate Is not. Beef results were obtained with Resinous Oil X-l when It was added as an emulsion in e rosin soap solution just before develop- neat. Adding the waulsIon after development was not as effective. Satisfactory results were not obtained by substituting part of the U for resin before coupling* . 6. Accessary Agents - X-2040 and -201? contain lo mol % Tobias Aoid ia piace of PXBSA. This amount can beveled considerably , with corresponding changes in tinctorial properties. As little ss 2$ Tobias Acid will deepen the maastone of K-2039 considerably and give a decidedly blue tint. Should it be necessary to use an accessory agent to daepen the maastone without affecting the tint, para-nitro-ortho-1oluidine is more satisfactory* 4 grade ...of PT8SA - Several grades of paraHtdlnidlne-awita-sulfonlc acid were tested on the -2039 formula* Saterlal as low as 94J( purity gave a good pigment without necessitating filtration of the Initial I DUP050149826 -7- dark FfBSA-line alorry batere diasotising. However, very crude f*e containing only 66% of FSSSA me oholly uasftttsfftetory, yield* lag e pigment dark, dull, and weak* Filtration of the pfH3Allae solution did not help* In this ease, the impurities in the erode % intermediate had a%arked effect on the pH of the eoupllni . . Ui' i ii ' M suitable pH adjustments at the erueial points It la probable that ^ this imtenaedlate too could have keen used to make satlefaetory 'nig-.KH^M* .* ,: i > ' ' ,V Wbv previous work on the dlreet laklng of 0oiv Oarilne Kse-He669P(KH84282) inS of-E-1552(18-42-35)and Of'4; }*?.'.-V:; ..( For the expermental work covered by this report refer to S**t F3 a^er|aeateks-5^ ; . 1098 Sxperlmente *5-7, 10, 11, 13, 15-20, 22, 25, 28 & 30. . DU P050149827